annotate lispref/display.texi @ 30450:4e0dd1a37fba

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date Tue, 25 Jul 2000 12:21:28 +0000
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../info/display
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7 @node Display, Calendar, Processes, Top
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8 @chapter Emacs Display
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9
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10 This chapter describes a number of features related to the display
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11 that Emacs presents to the user.
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12
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13 @menu
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14 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
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15 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay.
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16 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
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17 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
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18 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
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19 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way).
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20 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
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21 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
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22 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer.
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23 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen.
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24 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style for text characters:
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25 font, colors, etc.
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26 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features.
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27 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers.
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28 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
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29 * Inverse Video:: Specifying how the screen looks.
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30 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
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31 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
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32 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
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33 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
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34 @end menu
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35
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36 @node Refresh Screen
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37 @section Refreshing the Screen
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38
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39 The function @code{redraw-frame} redisplays the entire contents of a
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40 given frame (@pxref{Frames}).
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41
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42 @c Emacs 19 feature
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43 @defun redraw-frame frame
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44 This function clears and redisplays frame @var{frame}.
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45 @end defun
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46
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47 Even more powerful is @code{redraw-display}:
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48
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49 @deffn Command redraw-display
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50 This function clears and redisplays all visible frames.
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51 @end deffn
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52
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53 Processing user input takes absolute priority over redisplay. If you
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54 call these functions when input is available, they do nothing
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55 immediately, but a full redisplay does happen eventually---after all the
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56 input has been processed.
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57
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58 Normally, suspending and resuming Emacs also refreshes the screen.
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59 Some terminal emulators record separate contents for display-oriented
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60 programs such as Emacs and for ordinary sequential display. If you are
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61 using such a terminal, you might want to inhibit the redisplay on
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62 resumption.
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63
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64 @defvar no-redraw-on-reenter
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65 @cindex suspend (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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66 @cindex resume (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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67 This variable controls whether Emacs redraws the entire screen after it
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68 has been suspended and resumed. Non-@code{nil} means there is no need
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69 to redraw, @code{nil} means redrawing is needed. The default is @code{nil}.
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70 @end defvar
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71
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72 @node Forcing Redisplay
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73 @section Forcing Redisplay
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74 @cindex forcing redisplay
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75
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76 Emacs redisplay normally stops if input arrives, and does not happen
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77 at all if input is available before it starts. Most of the time, this
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78 is exactly what you want. However, you can prevent preemption by
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79 binding @code{redisplay-dont-pause} to a non-@code{nil} value.
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80
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81 @tindex redisplay-dont-pause
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82 @defvar redisplay-dont-pause
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83 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, pending input does not
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84 prevent or halt redisplay; redisplay occurs, and finishes,
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85 regardless of whether input is available. This feature is available
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86 as of Emacs 21.
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87 @end defvar
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88
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89 You can request a display update, but only if no input is pending,
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90 with @code{(sit-for 0)}. To force a display update even when input is
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91 pending, do this:
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92
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93 @example
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94 (let ((redisplay-dont-pause t))
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95 (sit-for 0))
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96 @end example
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97
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98 @node Truncation
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99 @section Truncation
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100 @cindex line wrapping
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101 @cindex continuation lines
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102 @cindex @samp{$} in display
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103 @cindex @samp{\} in display
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104
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105 When a line of text extends beyond the right edge of a window, the
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106 line can either be continued on the next screen line, or truncated to
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107 one screen line. The additional screen lines used to display a long
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108 text line are called @dfn{continuation} lines. Normally, a @samp{$} in
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109 the rightmost column of the window indicates truncation; a @samp{\} on
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110 the rightmost column indicates a line that ``wraps'' onto the next line,
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111 which is also called @dfn{continuing} the line. (The display table can
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112 specify alternative indicators; see @ref{Display Tables}.)
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113
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114 Note that continuation is different from filling; continuation happens
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115 on the screen only, not in the buffer contents, and it breaks a line
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116 precisely at the right margin, not at a word boundary. @xref{Filling}.
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117
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118 @defopt truncate-lines
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119 This buffer-local variable controls how Emacs displays lines that extend
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120 beyond the right edge of the window. The default is @code{nil}, which
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121 specifies continuation. If the value is non-@code{nil}, then these
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122 lines are truncated.
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123
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124 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is non-@code{nil},
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125 then truncation is always used for side-by-side windows (within one
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126 frame) regardless of the value of @code{truncate-lines}.
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127 @end defopt
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128
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129 @defopt default-truncate-lines
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130 This variable is the default value for @code{truncate-lines}, for
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131 buffers that do not have buffer-local values for it.
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132 @end defopt
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134 @defopt truncate-partial-width-windows
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135 This variable controls display of lines that extend beyond the right
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136 edge of the window, in side-by-side windows (@pxref{Splitting Windows}).
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137 If it is non-@code{nil}, these lines are truncated; otherwise,
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138 @code{truncate-lines} says what to do with them.
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139 @end defopt
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140
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141 When horizontal scrolling (@pxref{Horizontal Scrolling}) is in use in
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142 a window, that forces truncation.
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143
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144 You can override the glyphs that indicate continuation or truncation
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145 using the display table; see @ref{Display Tables}.
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146
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147 If your buffer contains @emph{very} long lines, and you use
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148 continuation to display them, just thinking about them can make Emacs
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149 redisplay slow. The column computation and indentation functions also
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150 become slow. Then you might find it advisable to set
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151 @code{cache-long-line-scans} to @code{t}.
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152
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153 @defvar cache-long-line-scans
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154 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, various indentation and motion
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155 functions, and Emacs redisplay, cache the results of scanning the
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156 buffer, and consult the cache to avoid rescanning regions of the buffer
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157 unless they are modified.
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158
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159 Turning on the cache slows down processing of short lines somewhat.
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160
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161 This variable is automatically buffer-local in every buffer.
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162 @end defvar
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163
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164 @node The Echo Area
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165 @section The Echo Area
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166 @cindex error display
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167 @cindex echo area
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168
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169 The @dfn{echo area} is used for displaying messages made with the
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170 @code{message} primitive, and for echoing keystrokes. It is not the
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171 same as the minibuffer, despite the fact that the minibuffer appears
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172 (when active) in the same place on the screen as the echo area. The
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173 @cite{GNU Emacs Manual} specifies the rules for resolving conflicts
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174 between the echo area and the minibuffer for use of that screen space
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175 (@pxref{Minibuffer,, The Minibuffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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176 Error messages appear in the echo area; see @ref{Errors}.
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177
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178 You can write output in the echo area by using the Lisp printing
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179 functions with @code{t} as the stream (@pxref{Output Functions}), or as
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180 follows:
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181
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182 @defun message string &rest arguments
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183 This function displays a one-line message in the echo area. The
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184 argument @var{string} is similar to a C language @code{printf} control
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185 string. See @code{format} in @ref{String Conversion}, for the details
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186 on the conversion specifications. @code{message} returns the
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187 constructed string.
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188
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189 In batch mode, @code{message} prints the message text on the standard
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190 error stream, followed by a newline.
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191
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192 If @var{string}, or strings among the @var{arguments}, have @code{face}
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193 text properties, these affect the way the message is displayed.
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194
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195 @c Emacs 19 feature
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196 If @var{string} is @code{nil}, @code{message} clears the echo area; if
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197 the echo area has been expanded automatically, this brings it back to
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198 its normal size. If the minibuffer is active, this brings the
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199 minibuffer contents back onto the screen immediately.
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200
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201 @example
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202 @group
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203 (message "Minibuffer depth is %d."
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204 (minibuffer-depth))
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205 @print{} Minibuffer depth is 0.
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206 @result{} "Minibuffer depth is 0."
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207 @end group
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208
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209 @group
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210 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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211 Minibuffer depth is 0.
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212 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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213 @end group
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214 @end example
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215 @end defun
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216
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217 @tindex with-temp-message
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218 @defmac with-temp-message message &rest body
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219 This construct displays a message in the echo area temporarily, during
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220 the execution of @var{body}. It displays @var{message}, executes
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221 @var{body}, then returns the value of the last body form while restoring
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222 the previous echo area contents.
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223 @end defmac
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224
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225 @defun message-or-box string &rest arguments
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226 This function displays a message like @code{message}, but may display it
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227 in a dialog box instead of the echo area. If this function is called in
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228 a command that was invoked using the mouse---more precisely, if
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229 @code{last-nonmenu-event} (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) is either
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230 @code{nil} or a list---then it uses a dialog box or pop-up menu to
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231 display the message. Otherwise, it uses the echo area. (This is the
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232 same criterion that @code{y-or-n-p} uses to make a similar decision; see
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233 @ref{Yes-or-No Queries}.)
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234
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235 You can force use of the mouse or of the echo area by binding
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236 @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable value around the call.
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237 @end defun
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238
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239 @defun message-box string &rest arguments
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240 This function displays a message like @code{message}, but uses a dialog
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241 box (or a pop-up menu) whenever that is possible. If it is impossible
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242 to use a dialog box or pop-up menu, because the terminal does not
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243 support them, then @code{message-box} uses the echo area, like
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244 @code{message}.
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245 @end defun
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246
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247 @defun current-message
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248 This function returns the message currently being displayed in the
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249 echo area, or @code{nil} if there is none.
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250 @end defun
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251
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252 @defvar cursor-in-echo-area
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253 This variable controls where the cursor appears when a message is
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254 displayed in the echo area. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the cursor
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255 appears at the end of the message. Otherwise, the cursor appears at
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256 point---not in the echo area at all.
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257
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258 The value is normally @code{nil}; Lisp programs bind it to @code{t}
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259 for brief periods of time.
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260 @end defvar
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261
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262 @defvar echo-area-clear-hook
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263 This normal hook is run whenever the echo area is cleared---either by
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264 @code{(message nil)} or for any other reason.
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265 @end defvar
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266
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267 Almost all the messages displayed in the echo area are also recorded
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268 in the @samp{*Messages*} buffer.
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269
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270 @defopt message-log-max
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271 This variable specifies how many lines to keep in the @samp{*Messages*}
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272 buffer. The value @code{t} means there is no limit on how many lines to
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273 keep. The value @code{nil} disables message logging entirely. Here's
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274 how to display a message and prevent it from being logged:
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275
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276 @example
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277 (let (message-log-max)
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278 (message @dots{}))
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279 @end example
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280 @end defopt
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281
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282 @defvar echo-keystrokes
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283 This variable determines how much time should elapse before command
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284 characters echo. Its value must be an integer or floating point number,
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285 which specifies the
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286 number of seconds to wait before echoing. If the user types a prefix
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287 key (such as @kbd{C-x}) and then delays this many seconds before
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288 continuing, the prefix key is echoed in the echo area. (Once echoing
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289 begins in a key sequence, all subsequent characters in the same key
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290 sequence are echoed immediately.)
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291
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292 If the value is zero, then command input is not echoed.
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293 @end defvar
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294
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295 @node Invisible Text
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296 @section Invisible Text
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297
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298 @cindex invisible text
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299 You can make characters @dfn{invisible}, so that they do not appear on
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300 the screen, with the @code{invisible} property. This can be either a
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301 text property (@pxref{Text Properties}) or a property of an overlay
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302 (@pxref{Overlays}).
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303
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304 In the simplest case, any non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property makes
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305 a character invisible. This is the default case---if you don't alter
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306 the default value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}, this is how the
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307 @code{invisible} property works.
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308
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309 More generally, you can use the variable @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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310 to control which values of the @code{invisible} property make text
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311 invisible. This permits you to classify the text into different subsets
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312 in advance, by giving them different @code{invisible} values, and
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313 subsequently make various subsets visible or invisible by changing the
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314 value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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315
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316 Controlling visibility with @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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317 especially useful in a program to display the list of entries in a
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318 database. It permits the implementation of convenient filtering
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319 commands to view just a part of the entries in the database. Setting
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320 this variable is very fast, much faster than scanning all the text in
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321 the buffer looking for properties to change.
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322
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323 @defvar buffer-invisibility-spec
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324 This variable specifies which kinds of @code{invisible} properties
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325 actually make a character invisible.
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326
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327 @table @asis
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328 @item @code{t}
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329 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property is
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330 non-@code{nil}. This is the default.
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331
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332 @item a list
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333 Each element of the list specifies a criterion for invisibility; if a
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334 character's @code{invisible} property fits any one of these criteria,
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335 the character is invisible. The list can have two kinds of elements:
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336
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337 @table @code
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338 @item @var{atom}
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339 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value
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340 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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341
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342 @item (@var{atom} . t)
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343 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value
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344 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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345 Moreover, if this character is at the end of a line and is followed
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346 by a visible newline, it displays an ellipsis.
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347 @end table
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348 @end table
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349 @end defvar
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350
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351 Two functions are specifically provided for adding elements to
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352 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and removing elements from it.
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353
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354 @defun add-to-invisibility-spec element
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355 Add the element @var{element} to @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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356 (if it is not already present in that list).
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357 @end defun
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358
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359 @defun remove-from-invisibility-spec element
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360 Remove the element @var{element} from @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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361 This does nothing if @var{element} is not in the list.
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362 @end defun
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363
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364 One convention about the use of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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365 that a major mode should use the mode's own name as an element of
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366 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and as the value of the @code{invisible}
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367 property:
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368
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369 @example
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370 ;; @r{If you want to display an ellipsis:}
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371 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
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372 ;; @r{If you don't want ellipsis:}
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373 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
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374
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375 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end)
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376 'invisible 'my-symbol)
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377
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378 ;; @r{When done with the overlays:}
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379 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
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380 ;; @r{Or respectively:}
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381 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
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382 @end example
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383
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384 @vindex line-move-ignore-invisible
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385 Ordinarily, commands that operate on text or move point do not care
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386 whether the text is invisible. The user-level line motion commands
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387 explicitly ignore invisible newlines if
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388 @code{line-move-ignore-invisible} is non-@code{nil}, but only because
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389 they are explicitly programmed to do so.
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390
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391 Incremental search can make invisible overlays visible temporarily
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392 and/or permanently when a match includes invisible text. To enable
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393 this, the overlay should have a non-@code{nil}
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394 @code{isearch-open-invisible} property. The property value should be a
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395 function to be called with the overlay as an argument. This function
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396 should make the overlay visible permanently; it is used when the match
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397 overlaps the overlay on exit from the search.
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398
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399 During the search, such overlays are made temporarily visible by
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400 temporarily modifying their invisible and intangible properties. If you
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401 want this to be done differently for a certain overlay, give it an
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402 @code{isearch-open-invisible-temporary} property which is a function.
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403 The function is called with two arguments: the first is the overlay, and
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404 the second is @code{nil} to make the overlay visible, or @code{t} to
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405 make it invisible again.
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406
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407 @node Selective Display
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408 @section Selective Display
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409 @cindex selective display
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410
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411 @dfn{Selective display} refers to a pair of related features for
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412 hiding certain lines on the screen.
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413
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414 The first variant, explicit selective display, is designed for use in
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415 a Lisp program: it controls which lines are hidden by altering the text.
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416 The invisible text feature (@pxref{Invisible Text}) has partially
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417 replaced this feature.
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418
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419 In the second variant, the choice of lines to hide is made
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420 automatically based on indentation. This variant is designed to be a
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421 user-level feature.
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422
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423 The way you control explicit selective display is by replacing a
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424 newline (control-j) with a carriage return (control-m). The text that
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425 was formerly a line following that newline is now invisible. Strictly
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426 speaking, it is temporarily no longer a line at all, since only newlines
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427 can separate lines; it is now part of the previous line.
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428
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429 Selective display does not directly affect editing commands. For
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430 example, @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) moves point unhesitatingly into
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431 invisible text. However, the replacement of newline characters with
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432 carriage return characters affects some editing commands. For example,
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433 @code{next-line} skips invisible lines, since it searches only for
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434 newlines. Modes that use selective display can also define commands
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435 that take account of the newlines, or that make parts of the text
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436 visible or invisible.
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437
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438 When you write a selectively displayed buffer into a file, all the
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439 control-m's are output as newlines. This means that when you next read
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440 in the file, it looks OK, with nothing invisible. The selective display
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441 effect is seen only within Emacs.
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442
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443 @defvar selective-display
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444 This buffer-local variable enables selective display. This means that
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445 lines, or portions of lines, may be made invisible.
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446
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447 @itemize @bullet
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448 @item
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449 If the value of @code{selective-display} is @code{t}, then the character
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450 control-m marks the start of invisible text; the control-m, and the rest
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451 of the line following it, are not displayed. This is explicit selective
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452 display.
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453
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454 @item
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455 If the value of @code{selective-display} is a positive integer, then
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456 lines that start with more than that many columns of indentation are not
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457 displayed.
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458 @end itemize
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459
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460 When some portion of a buffer is invisible, the vertical movement
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461 commands operate as if that portion did not exist, allowing a single
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462 @code{next-line} command to skip any number of invisible lines.
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463 However, character movement commands (such as @code{forward-char}) do
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464 not skip the invisible portion, and it is possible (if tricky) to insert
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465 or delete text in an invisible portion.
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466
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467 In the examples below, we show the @emph{display appearance} of the
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468 buffer @code{foo}, which changes with the value of
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469 @code{selective-display}. The @emph{contents} of the buffer do not
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470 change.
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471
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472 @example
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473 @group
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474 (setq selective-display nil)
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475 @result{} nil
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476
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477 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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478 1 on this column
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479 2on this column
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480 3n this column
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481 3n this column
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482 2on this column
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483 1 on this column
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484 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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485 @end group
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486
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487 @group
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488 (setq selective-display 2)
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489 @result{} 2
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490
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491 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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492 1 on this column
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493 2on this column
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494 2on this column
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495 1 on this column
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496 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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497 @end group
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498 @end example
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499 @end defvar
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500
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501 @defvar selective-display-ellipses
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502 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays
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503 @samp{@dots{}} at the end of a line that is followed by invisible text.
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504 This example is a continuation of the previous one.
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505
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506 @example
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507 @group
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508 (setq selective-display-ellipses t)
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509 @result{} t
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510
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511 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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512 1 on this column
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513 2on this column ...
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514 2on this column
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515 1 on this column
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516 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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517 @end group
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518 @end example
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519
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520 You can use a display table to substitute other text for the ellipsis
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521 (@samp{@dots{}}). @xref{Display Tables}.
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522 @end defvar
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523
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524 @node Overlay Arrow
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525 @section The Overlay Arrow
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526 @cindex overlay arrow
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527
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528 The @dfn{overlay arrow} is useful for directing the user's attention
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529 to a particular line in a buffer. For example, in the modes used for
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530 interface to debuggers, the overlay arrow indicates the line of code
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531 about to be executed.
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532
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533 @defvar overlay-arrow-string
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534 This variable holds the string to display to call attention to a
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535 particular line, or @code{nil} if the arrow feature is not in use.
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536 On a graphical display the contents of the string are ignored; instead a
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537 glyph is displayed in the fringe area to the left of the display area.
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538 @end defvar
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539
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540 @defvar overlay-arrow-position
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541 This variable holds a marker that indicates where to display the overlay
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542 arrow. It should point at the beginning of a line. On a non-graphical
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543 display the arrow text
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544 appears at the beginning of that line, overlaying any text that would
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545 otherwise appear. Since the arrow is usually short, and the line
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546 usually begins with indentation, normally nothing significant is
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547 overwritten.
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548
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549 The overlay string is displayed only in the buffer that this marker
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550 points into. Thus, only one buffer can have an overlay arrow at any
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551 given time.
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552 @c !!! overlay-arrow-position: but the overlay string may remain in the display
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553 @c of some other buffer until an update is required. This should be fixed
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554 @c now. Is it?
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555 @end defvar
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556
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557 You can do a similar job by creating an overlay with a
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558 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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559
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560 @node Temporary Displays
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561 @section Temporary Displays
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562
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563 Temporary displays are used by Lisp programs to put output into a
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564 buffer and then present it to the user for perusal rather than for
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565 editing. Many help commands use this feature.
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566
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567 @defspec with-output-to-temp-buffer buffer-name forms@dots{}
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568 This function executes @var{forms} while arranging to insert any output
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569 they print into the buffer named @var{buffer-name}, which is first
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570 created if necessary, and put into Help mode. Finally, the buffer is
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571 displayed in some window, but not selected.
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572
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573 If the @var{forms} do not change the major mode in the output buffer, so
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574 that it is still Help mode at the end of their execution, then
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575 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} makes this buffer read-only at the
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576 end, and also scans it for function and variable names to make them into
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577 clickable cross-references.
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578
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579 The string @var{buffer-name} specifies the temporary buffer, which
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580 need not already exist. The argument must be a string, not a buffer.
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581 The buffer is erased initially (with no questions asked), and it is
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582 marked as unmodified after @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} exits.
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583
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584 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} binds @code{standard-output} to the
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585 temporary buffer, then it evaluates the forms in @var{forms}. Output
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586 using the Lisp output functions within @var{forms} goes by default to
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587 that buffer (but screen display and messages in the echo area, although
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588 they are ``output'' in the general sense of the word, are not affected).
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589 @xref{Output Functions}.
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590
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591 Several hooks are available for customizing the behavior
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592 of this construct; they are listed below.
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593
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594 The value of the last form in @var{forms} is returned.
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595
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596 @example
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597 @group
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598 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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599 This is the contents of foo.
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600 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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601 @end group
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602
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603 @group
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604 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "foo"
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605 (print 20)
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606 (print standard-output))
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607 @result{} #<buffer foo>
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608
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609 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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610 20
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611
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612 #<buffer foo>
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613
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614 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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615 @end group
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616 @end example
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617 @end defspec
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618
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619 @defvar temp-buffer-show-function
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620 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}
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621 calls it as a function to do the job of displaying a help buffer. The
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622 function gets one argument, which is the buffer it should display.
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623
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624 It is a good idea for this function to run @code{temp-buffer-show-hook}
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625 just as @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} normally would, inside of
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626 @code{save-selected-window} and with the chosen window and buffer
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627 selected.
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628 @end defvar
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629
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630 @defvar temp-buffer-setup-hook
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631 @tindex temp-buffer-setup-hook
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632 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} before
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633 evaluating @var{body}. When the hook runs, the help buffer is current.
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634 This hook is normally set up with a function to put the buffer in Help
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635 mode.
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636 @end defvar
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637
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638 @defvar temp-buffer-show-hook
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639 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} after
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640 displaying the help buffer. When the hook runs, the help buffer is
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parents: 22843
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641 current, and the window it was displayed in is selected. This hook is
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
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642 normally set up with a function to make the buffer read only, and find
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parents: 22843
diff changeset
643 function names and variable names in it, provided the major mode is
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
644 still Help mode.
6598
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645 @end defvar
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646
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647 @defun momentary-string-display string position &optional char message
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parents:
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648 This function momentarily displays @var{string} in the current buffer at
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parents:
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649 @var{position}. It has no effect on the undo list or on the buffer's
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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650 modification status.
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parents:
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651
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diff changeset
652 The momentary display remains until the next input event. If the next
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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653 input event is @var{char}, @code{momentary-string-display} ignores it
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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654 and returns. Otherwise, that event remains buffered for subsequent use
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
655 as input. Thus, typing @var{char} will simply remove the string from
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
656 the display, while typing (say) @kbd{C-f} will remove the string from
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
657 the display and later (presumably) move point forward. The argument
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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658 @var{char} is a space by default.
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parents:
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659
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660 The return value of @code{momentary-string-display} is not meaningful.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
661
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
662 If the string @var{string} does not contain control characters, you can
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
663 do the same job in a more general way by creating (and then subsequently
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
664 deleting) an overlay with a @code{before-string} property.
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
665 @xref{Overlay Properties}.
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
666
6598
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667 If @var{message} is non-@code{nil}, it is displayed in the echo area
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parents:
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668 while @var{string} is displayed in the buffer. If it is @code{nil}, a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
669 default message says to type @var{char} to continue.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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670
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parents:
diff changeset
671 In this example, point is initially located at the beginning of the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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672 second line:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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673
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674 @example
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675 @group
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parents:
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676 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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677 This is the contents of foo.
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parents:
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678 @point{}Second line.
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parents:
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679 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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680 @end group
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parents:
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681
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682 @group
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parents:
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683 (momentary-string-display
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parents:
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684 "**** Important Message! ****"
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
685 (point) ?\r
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
686 "Type RET when done reading")
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
687 @result{} t
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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688 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
689
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parents:
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690 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
691 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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parents:
diff changeset
692 This is the contents of foo.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
693 **** Important Message! ****Second line.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
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parents:
diff changeset
696 ---------- Echo Area ----------
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
697 Type RET when done reading
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
698 ---------- Echo Area ----------
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
699 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
700 @end example
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
701 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
702
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
703 @node Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
704 @section Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
705 @cindex overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
706
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
707 You can use @dfn{overlays} to alter the appearance of a buffer's text on
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
708 the screen, for the sake of presentation features. An overlay is an
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
709 object that belongs to a particular buffer, and has a specified
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
710 beginning and end. It also has properties that you can examine and set;
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
711 these affect the display of the text within the overlay.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
712
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
713 @menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
714 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 What properties do to the screen display.
26698
73f718a9df4b (Overlays): Add menu entry for Finding Overlays.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26696
diff changeset
716 * Managing Overlays:: Creating and moving overlays.
73f718a9df4b (Overlays): Add menu entry for Finding Overlays.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26696
diff changeset
717 * Finding Overlays:: Searching for overlays.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 @end menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
719
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
720 @node Overlay Properties
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 @subsection Overlay Properties
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
722
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
723 Overlay properties are like text properties in that the properties that
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
724 alter how a character is displayed can come from either source. But in
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
725 most respects they are different. Text properties are considered a part
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
726 of the text; overlays are specifically considered not to be part of the
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
727 text. Thus, copying text between various buffers and strings preserves
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
728 text properties, but does not try to preserve overlays. Changing a
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
729 buffer's text properties marks the buffer as modified, while moving an
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
730 overlay or changing its properties does not. Unlike text property
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
731 changes, overlay changes are not recorded in the buffer's undo list.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
732 @xref{Text Properties}, for comparison.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
734 These functions are used for reading and writing the properties of an
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
735 overlay:
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
736
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
737 @defun overlay-get overlay prop
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
738 This function returns the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
739 @var{overlay}, if any. If @var{overlay} does not record any value for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
740 that property, but it does have a @code{category} property which is a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
741 symbol, that symbol's @var{prop} property is used. Otherwise, the value
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
742 is @code{nil}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
743 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
744
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
745 @defun overlay-put overlay prop value
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
746 This function sets the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
747 @var{overlay} to @var{value}. It returns @var{value}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
748 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
749
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
750 See also the function @code{get-char-property} which checks both
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
751 overlay properties and text properties for a given character.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
752 @xref{Examining Properties}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
753
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
754 Many overlay properties have special meanings; here is a table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
755 of them:
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
756
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
757 @table @code
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
758 @item priority
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
759 @kindex priority @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 This property's value (which should be a nonnegative number) determines
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 the priority of the overlay. The priority matters when two or more
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 overlays cover the same character and both specify a face for display;
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 the one whose @code{priority} value is larger takes priority over the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 other, and its face attributes override the face attributes of the lower
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 priority overlay.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
767 Currently, all overlays take priority over text properties. Please
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 avoid using negative priority values, as we have not yet decided just
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 what they should mean.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 @item window
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
772 @kindex window @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 If the @code{window} property is non-@code{nil}, then the overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 applies only on that window.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
776 @item category
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
777 @kindex category @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
778 If an overlay has a @code{category} property, we call it the
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
779 @dfn{category} of the overlay. It should be a symbol. The properties
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
780 of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the overlay.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
781
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
782 @item face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
783 @kindex face @r{(overlay property)}
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
784 This property controls the way text is displayed---for example, which
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
785 font and which colors. @xref{Faces}, for more information.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
786
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
787 In the simplest case, the value is a face name. It can also be a list;
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
788 then each element can be any of these possibilities:
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
789
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
790 @itemize @bullet
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
791 @item
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
792 A face name (a symbol or string).
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
793
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
794 @item
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
795 Starting in Emacs 21, a property list of face attributes. This has the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
796 form (@var{keyword} @var{value} @dots{}), where each @var{keyword} is a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
797 face attribute name and @var{value} is a meaningful value for that
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
798 attribute. With this feature, you do not need to create a face each
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
799 time you want to specify a particular attribute for certain text.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
800 @xref{Face Attributes}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
801
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
802 @item
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
803 A cons cell of the form @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} or
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
804 @code{(background-color . @var{color-name})}. These elements specify
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
805 just the foreground color or just the background color.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
806
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
807 @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} is equivalent to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
808 @code{(:foreground @var{color-name})}, and likewise for the background.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
809 @end itemize
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 @item mouse-face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 @kindex mouse-face @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 This property is used instead of @code{face} when the mouse is within
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
814 the range of the overlay.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
816 @item display
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
817 @kindex display @r{(overlay property)}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
818 This property activates various features that change the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
819 way text is displayed. For example, it can make text appear taller
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
820 or shorter, higher or lower, wider or narror, or replaced with an image.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
821 @xref{Display Property}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
822
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
823 @item help-echo
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
824 @kindex help-echo @r{(text property)}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
825 If an overlay has a string as its @code{help-echo} property, then when
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
826 you move the mouse onto the text in the overlay, Emacs displays that
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
827 string in the echo area, or in the tooltip window. This feature is
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
828 available starting in Emacs 21.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
829
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
830 @item modification-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 This property's value is a list of functions to be called if any
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 character within the overlay is changed or if text is inserted strictly
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
834 within the overlay.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
835
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
836 The hook functions are called both before and after each change.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
837 If the functions save the information they receive, and compare notes
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
838 between calls, they can determine exactly what change has been made
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
839 in the buffer text.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
840
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
841 When called before a change, each function receives four arguments: the
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
842 overlay, @code{nil}, and the beginning and end of the text range to be
7086
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6598
diff changeset
843 modified.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
845 When called after a change, each function receives five arguments: the
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
846 overlay, @code{t}, the beginning and end of the text range just
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
847 modified, and the length of the pre-change text replaced by that range.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
848 (For an insertion, the pre-change length is zero; for a deletion, that
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
849 length is the number of characters deleted, and the post-change
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
850 beginning and end are equal.)
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
851
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 @item insert-in-front-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
854 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
855 after inserting text right at the beginning of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
856 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 @item insert-behind-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
860 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
861 after inserting text right at the end of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
862 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @item invisible
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 @kindex invisible @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
866 The @code{invisible} property can make the text in the overlay
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
867 invisible, which means that it does not appear on the screen.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
868 @xref{Invisible Text}, for details.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
869
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
870 @item intangible
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
871 @kindex intangible @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
872 The @code{intangible} property on an overlay works just like the
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
873 @code{intangible} text property. @xref{Special Properties}, for details.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
874
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
875 @item isearch-open-invisible
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
876 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
877 visible, permanently, if the final match overlaps it. @xref{Invisible
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
878 Text}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
880 @item isearch-open-invisible-temporary
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
881 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
882 visible, temporarily, during the search. @xref{Invisible Text}.
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
883
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @item before-string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 @kindex before-string @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the beginning
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 of the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
888 sense---only on the screen.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 @item after-string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 @kindex after-string @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the end of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
894 sense---only on the screen.
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
895
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
896 @item evaporate
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
897 @kindex evaporate @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
898 If this property is non-@code{nil}, the overlay is deleted automatically
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
899 if it ever becomes empty (i.e., if it spans no characters).
16123
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
900
29102
ba9cfbfc601e *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29076
diff changeset
901 @item local-map
29076
c7c150b377c0 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28792
diff changeset
902 @cindex keymap of character (and overlays)
29102
ba9cfbfc601e *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29076
diff changeset
903 @kindex local-map @r{(overlay property)}
29076
c7c150b377c0 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28792
diff changeset
904 If this property is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a keymap for a portion
c7c150b377c0 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28792
diff changeset
905 of the text. The property's value replaces the buffer's local map, when
c7c150b377c0 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28792
diff changeset
906 the character after point is within the overlay. @xref{Active Keymaps}.
c7c150b377c0 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28792
diff changeset
907 @end table
c7c150b377c0 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28792
diff changeset
908
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 @node Managing Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 @subsection Managing Overlays
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 This section describes the functions to create, delete and move
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 overlays, and to examine their contents.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
915 @defun make-overlay start end &optional buffer front-advance rear-advance
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
916 This function creates and returns an overlay that belongs to
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 @var{buffer} and ranges from @var{start} to @var{end}. Both @var{start}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 and @var{end} must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 markers. If @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay is created in the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
921
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
922 The arguments @var{front-advance} and @var{rear-advance} specify the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
923 insertion type for the start of the overlay and for the end of the
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
924 overlay, respectively. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 @defun overlay-start overlay
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
928 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} starts,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
929 as an integer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 @defun overlay-end overlay
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
933 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} ends,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
934 as an integer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 @defun overlay-buffer overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 This function returns the buffer that @var{overlay} belongs to.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 @defun delete-overlay overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 This function deletes @var{overlay}. The overlay continues to exist as
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
943 a Lisp object, and its property list is unchanged, but it ceases to be
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
944 attached to the buffer it belonged to, and ceases to have any effect on
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
945 display.
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
946
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
947 A deleted overlay is not permanently disconnected. You can give it a
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
948 position in a buffer again by calling @code{move-overlay}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 @defun move-overlay overlay start end &optional buffer
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 This function moves @var{overlay} to @var{buffer}, and places its bounds
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 at @var{start} and @var{end}. Both arguments @var{start} and @var{end}
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
954 must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or markers.
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
955
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
956 If @var{buffer} is omitted, @var{overlay} stays in the same buffer it
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
957 was already associated with; if @var{overlay} was deleted, it goes into
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
958 the current buffer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 The return value is @var{overlay}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 This is the only valid way to change the endpoints of an overlay. Do
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 not try modifying the markers in the overlay by hand, as that fails to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 update other vital data structures and can cause some overlays to be
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 ``lost''.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
968 Here are some examples:
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
969
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
970 @example
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
971 ;; @r{Create an overlay.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
972 (setq foo (make-overlay 1 10))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
973 @result{} #<overlay from 1 to 10 in display.texi>
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
974 (overlay-start foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
975 @result{} 1
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
976 (overlay-end foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
977 @result{} 10
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
978 (overlay-buffer foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
979 @result{} #<buffer display.texi>
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
980 ;; @r{Give it a property we can check later.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
981 (overlay-put foo 'happy t)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
982 @result{} t
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
983 ;; @r{Verify the property is present.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
984 (overlay-get foo 'happy)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
985 @result{} t
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
986 ;; @r{Move the overlay.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
987 (move-overlay foo 5 20)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
988 @result{} #<overlay from 5 to 20 in display.texi>
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
989 (overlay-start foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
990 @result{} 5
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
991 (overlay-end foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
992 @result{} 20
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
993 ;; @r{Delete the overlay.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
994 (delete-overlay foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
995 @result{} nil
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
996 ;; @r{Verify it is deleted.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
997 foo
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
998 @result{} #<overlay in no buffer>
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
999 ;; @r{A deleted overlay has no position.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1000 (overlay-start foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1001 @result{} nil
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1002 (overlay-end foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1003 @result{} nil
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1004 (overlay-buffer foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1005 @result{} nil
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1006 ;; @r{Undelete the overlay.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1007 (move-overlay foo 1 20)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1008 @result{} #<overlay from 1 to 20 in display.texi>
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1009 ;; @r{Verify the results.}
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1010 (overlay-start foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1011 @result{} 1
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1012 (overlay-end foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1013 @result{} 20
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1014 (overlay-buffer foo)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1015 @result{} #<buffer display.texi>
27331
be0a552c8320 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27193
diff changeset
1016 ;; @r{Moving and deleting the overlay does not change its properties.}
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1017 (overlay-get foo 'happy)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1018 @result{} t
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1019 @end example
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1020
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1021 @node Finding Overlays
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1022 @subsection Searching for Overlays
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1023
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 @defun overlays-at pos
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1025 This function returns a list of all the overlays that cover the
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1026 character at position @var{pos} in the current buffer. The list is in
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1027 no particular order. An overlay contains position @var{pos} if it
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1028 begins at or before @var{pos}, and ends after @var{pos}.
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1029
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1030 To illustrate usage, here is a Lisp function that returns a list of the
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1031 overlays that specify property @var{prop} for the character at point:
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1032
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1033 @smallexample
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1034 (defun find-overlays-specifying (prop)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1035 (let ((overlays (overlays-at (point)))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1036 found)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1037 (while overlays
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1038 (let ((overlay (cdr overlays)))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1039 (if (overlay-get overlay prop)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1040 (setq found (cons overlay found))))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1041 (setq overlays (cdr overlays)))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1042 found))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1043 @end smallexample
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1046 @defun overlays-in beg end
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1047 This function returns a list of the overlays that overlap the region
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1048 @var{beg} through @var{end}. ``Overlap'' means that at least one
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1049 character is contained within the overlay and also contained within the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1050 specified region; however, empty overlays are included in the result if
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1051 they are located at @var{beg}, or strictly between @var{beg} and @var{end}.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1052 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1053
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 @defun next-overlay-change pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 This function returns the buffer position of the next beginning or end
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 of an overlay, after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1059 @defun previous-overlay-change pos
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1060 This function returns the buffer position of the previous beginning or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1061 end of an overlay, before @var{pos}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1062 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
1063
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1064 Here's an easy way to use @code{next-overlay-change} to search for the
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1065 next character which gets a non-@code{nil} @code{happy} property from
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1066 either its overlays or its text properties (@pxref{Property Search}):
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1067
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1068 @smallexample
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1069 (defun find-overlay-prop (prop)
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1070 (save-excursion
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1071 (while (and (not (eobp))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1072 (not (get-char-property (point) 'happy)))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1073 (goto-char (min (next-overlay-change (point))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1074 (next-single-property-change (point) 'happy))))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1075 (point)))
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1076 @end smallexample
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
1077
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1078 @node Width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1079 @section Width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1080
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1081 Since not all characters have the same width, these functions let you
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1082 check the width of a character. @xref{Primitive Indent}, and
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1083 @ref{Screen Lines}, for related functions.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1084
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1085 @defun char-width char
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1086 This function returns the width in columns of the character @var{char},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1087 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1088 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1089
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1090 @defun string-width string
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1091 This function returns the width in columns of the string @var{string},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1092 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1093 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1094
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1095 @defun truncate-string-to-width string width &optional start-column padding
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1096 This function returns the part of @var{string} that fits within
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1097 @var{width} columns, as a new string.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1098
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1099 If @var{string} does not reach @var{width}, then the result ends where
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1100 @var{string} ends. If one multi-column character in @var{string}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1101 extends across the column @var{width}, that character is not included in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1102 the result. Thus, the result can fall short of @var{width} but cannot
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1103 go beyond it.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1104
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1105 The optional argument @var{start-column} specifies the starting column.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1106 If this is non-@code{nil}, then the first @var{start-column} columns of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1107 the string are omitted from the value. If one multi-column character in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1108 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}, that
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1109 character is not included.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1110
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1111 The optional argument @var{padding}, if non-@code{nil}, is a padding
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1112 character added at the beginning and end of the result string, to extend
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1113 it to exactly @var{width} columns. The padding character is used at the
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1114 end of the result if it falls short of @var{width}. It is also used at
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1115 the beginning of the result if one multi-column character in
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1116 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}.
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diff changeset
1117
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diff changeset
1118 @example
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diff changeset
1119 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4)
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diff changeset
1120 @result{} "ab"
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diff changeset
1121 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4 ?\ )
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1122 @result{} " ab "
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diff changeset
1123 @end example
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1124 @end defun
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diff changeset
1125
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1126 @node Faces
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diff changeset
1127 @section Faces
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diff changeset
1128 @cindex face
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1129
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1130 A @dfn{face} is a named collection of graphical attributes: font
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1131 family, foreground color, background color, optional underlining, and
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parents: 25454
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1132 many others. Faces are used in Emacs to control the style of display of
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1133 particular parts of the text or the frame.
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diff changeset
1134
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1135 @cindex face id
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1136 Each face has its own @dfn{face number}, which distinguishes faces at
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1137 low levels within Emacs. However, for most purposes, you refer to
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1138 faces in Lisp programs by their names.
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diff changeset
1139
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1140 @defun facep object
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1141 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a face name symbol (or
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1142 if it is a vector of the kind used internally to record face data). It
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1143 returns @code{nil} otherwise.
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1144 @end defun
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diff changeset
1145
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1146 Each face name is meaningful for all frames, and by default it has the
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1147 same meaning in all frames. But you can arrange to give a particular
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parents:
diff changeset
1148 face name a special meaning in one frame if you wish.
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diff changeset
1149
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1150 @menu
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1151 * Standard Faces:: The faces Emacs normally comes with.
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1152 * Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}.
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1153 * Face Attributes:: What is in a face?
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1154 * Attribute Functions:: Functions to examine and set face attributes.
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1155 * Merging Faces:: How Emacs combines the faces specified for a character.
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1156 * Font Selection:: Finding the best available font for a face.
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1157 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
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1158 * Auto Faces:: Hook for automatic face assignment.
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1159 * Font Lookup:: Looking up the names of available fonts
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1160 and information about them.
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1161 * Fontsets:: A fontset is a collection of fonts
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1162 that handle a range of character sets.
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1163 @end menu
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parents:
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1164
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1165 @node Standard Faces
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parents:
diff changeset
1166 @subsection Standard Faces
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1167
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1168 This table lists all the standard faces and their uses. Most of them
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1169 are used for displaying certain parts of the frames or certain kinds of
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1170 text; you can control how those places look by customizing these faces.
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1171
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diff changeset
1172 @table @code
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parents:
diff changeset
1173 @item default
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parents:
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1174 @kindex default @r{(face name)}
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parents:
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1175 This face is used for ordinary text.
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1176
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1177 @item mode-line
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1178 @kindex mode-line @r{(face name)}
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1179 This face is used for mode lines, and for menu bars when toolkit menus
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1180 are not used---but only if @code{mode-line-inverse-video} is
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1181 non-@code{nil}.
25751
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diff changeset
1182
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1183 @item modeline
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 @kindex modeline @r{(face name)}
25751
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diff changeset
1185 This is an alias for the @code{mode-line} face, for compatibility with
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1186 old Emacs versions.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1187
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diff changeset
1188 @item header-line
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parents: 25454
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1189 @kindex header-line @r{(face name)}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1190 This face is used for the header lines of windows that have them.
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1191
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parents: 25809
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1192 @item menu
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1193 This face controls the display of menus, both their colors and their
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1194 font. (This works only on certain systems.)
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1195
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1196 @item fringe
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1197 @kindex fringe @r{(face name)}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1198 This face controls the colors of window fringes, the thin areas on
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1199 either side that are used to display continuation and truncation glyphs.
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parents: 25454
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1200
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
1201 @item scroll-bar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1202 @kindex scroll-bar @r{(face name)}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1203 This face controls the colors for display of scroll bars.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
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1204
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
1205 @item tool-bar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1206 @kindex tool-bar @r{(face name)}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1207 This face is used for display of the tool bar, if any.
6598
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1208
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1209 @item region
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1210 @kindex region @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1211 This face is used for highlighting the region in Transient Mark mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
1212
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1213 @item secondary-selection
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parents:
diff changeset
1214 @kindex secondary-selection @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1215 This face is used to show any secondary selection you have made.
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parents:
diff changeset
1216
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1217 @item highlight
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diff changeset
1218 @kindex highlight @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1219 This face is meant to be used for highlighting for various purposes.
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parents:
diff changeset
1220
25751
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diff changeset
1221 @item trailing-whitespace
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1222 @kindex trailing-whitespace @r{(face name)}
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1223 This face is used to display excess whitespace at the end of a line,
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1224 if @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-@code{nil}.
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1225 @end table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1226
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1227 In contrast, these faces are provided to change the appearance of text
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1228 in specific ways. You can use them on specific text, when you want
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1229 the effects they produce.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1230
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1231 @table @code
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1232 @item bold
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diff changeset
1233 @kindex bold @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1234 This face uses a bold font, if possible. It uses the bold variant of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 the frame's font, if it has one. It's up to you to choose a default
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1236 font that has a bold variant, if you want to use one.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1237
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1238 @item italic
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1239 @kindex italic @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1240 This face uses the italic variant of the frame's font, if it has one.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1242 @item bold-italic
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1243 @kindex bold-italic @r{(face name)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1244 This face uses the bold italic variant of the frame's font, if it has
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1245 one.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
1246
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1247 @item underline
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1248 @kindex underline @r{(face name)}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1249 This face underlines text.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1250
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diff changeset
1251 @item fixed-patch
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1252 @kindex fixed-patch @r{(face name)}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1253 This face forces use of a particular fixed-width font.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1254
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1255 @item variable-patch
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1256 @kindex variable-patch @r{(face name)}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1257 This face forces use of a particular variable-width font. It's
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1258 reasonable to customize this to use a different variable-width font, if
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1259 you like, but you should not make it a fixed-width font.
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diff changeset
1260 @end table
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diff changeset
1261
25875
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diff changeset
1262 @defvar show-trailing-whitespace
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1263 @tindex show-trailing-whitespace
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1264 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs uses the
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1265 @code{trailing-whitespace} face to display any spaces and tabs at the
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1266 end of a line.
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1267 @end defvar
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1268
21682
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diff changeset
1269 @node Defining Faces
22138
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1270 @subsection Defining Faces
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1271
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1272 The way to define a new face is with @code{defface}. This creates a
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1273 kind of customization item (@pxref{Customization}) which the user can
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1274 customize using the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy Customization,,,
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1275 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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1276
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1277 @defmac defface face spec doc [keyword value]...
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1278 This declares @var{face} as a customizable face that defaults according
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1279 to @var{spec}. You should not quote the symbol @var{face}. The
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1280 argument @var{doc} specifies the face documentation. The keywords you
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1281 can use in @code{defface} are the same ones that are meaningful in both
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1282 @code{defgroup} and @code{defcustom} (@pxref{Common Keywords}).
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1283
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1284 When @code{defface} executes, it defines the face according to
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1285 @var{spec}, then uses any customizations that were read from the
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1286 init file (@pxref{Init File}) to override that specification.
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1287
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1288 The purpose of @var{spec} is to specify how the face should appear on
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1289 different kinds of terminals. It should be an alist whose elements have
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1290 the form @code{(@var{display} @var{atts})}. Each element's @sc{car},
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1291 @var{display}, specifies a class of terminals. The element's second element,
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1292 @var{atts}, is a list of face attributes and their values; it specifies
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1293 what the face should look like on that kind of terminal. The possible
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1294 attributes are defined in the value of @code{custom-face-attributes}.
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1295
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1296 The @var{display} part of an element of @var{spec} determines which
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1297 frames the element applies to. If more than one element of @var{spec}
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1298 matches a given frame, the first matching element is the only one used
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1299 for that frame. There are two possibilities for @var{display}:
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1300
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1301 @table @asis
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1302 @item @code{t}
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1303 This element of @var{spec} matches all frames. Therefore, any
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1304 subsequent elements of @var{spec} are never used. Normally
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1305 @code{t} is used in the last (or only) element of @var{spec}.
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1306
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1307 @item a list
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1308 If @var{display} is a list, each element should have the form
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1309 @code{(@var{characteristic} @var{value}@dots{})}. Here
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1310 @var{characteristic} specifies a way of classifying frames, and the
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1311 @var{value}s are possible classifications which @var{display} should
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1312 apply to. Here are the possible values of @var{characteristic}:
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1313
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1314 @table @code
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1315 @item type
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1316 The kind of window system the frame uses---either @code{x}, @code{pc}
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1317 (for the MS-DOS console), @code{w32} (for MS Windows 9X/NT), or
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1318 @code{tty}.
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1319
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1320 @item class
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1321 What kinds of colors the frame supports---either @code{color},
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1322 @code{grayscale}, or @code{mono}.
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1323
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1324 @item background
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1325 The kind of background---either @code{light} or @code{dark}.
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1326 @end table
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1327
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1328 If an element of @var{display} specifies more than one @var{value} for a
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1329 given @var{characteristic}, any of those values is acceptable. If
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1330 @var{display} has more than one element, each element should specify a
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1331 different @var{characteristic}; then @emph{each} characteristic of the
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1332 frame must match one of the @var{value}s specified for it in
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1333 @var{display}.
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1334 @end table
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1335 @end defmac
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1336
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1337 Here's how the standard face @code{region} is defined:
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1338
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1339 @example
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1340 @group
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1341 (defface region
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1342 `((((type tty) (class color))
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1343 (:background "blue" :foreground "white"))
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1344 @end group
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1345 (((type tty) (class mono))
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1346 (:inverse-video t))
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1347 (((class color) (background dark))
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1348 (:background "blue"))
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1349 (((class color) (background light))
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1350 (:background "lightblue"))
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1351 (t (:background "gray")))
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1352 @group
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1353 "Basic face for highlighting the region."
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1354 :group 'basic-faces)
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1355 @end group
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1356 @end example
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1357
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1358 Internally, @code{defface} uses the symbol property
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1359 @code{face-defface-spec} to record the face attributes specified in
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1360 @code{defface}, @code{saved-face} for the attributes saved by the user
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1361 with the customization buffer, and @code{face-documentation} for the
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1362 documentation string.
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1363
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1364 @defopt frame-background-mode
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1365 This option, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the background type to use for
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1366 interpreting face definitions. If it is @code{dark}, then Emacs treats
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1367 all frames as if they had a dark background, regardless of their actual
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1368 background colors. If it is @code{light}, then Emacs treats all frames
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1369 as if they had a light background.
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1370 @end defopt
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1371
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1372 @node Face Attributes
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1373 @subsection Face Attributes
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1374 @cindex face attributes
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1375
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1376 The effect of using a face is determined by a fixed set of @dfn{face
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1377 attributes}. This table lists all the face attributes, and what they
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1378 mean. Note that in general, more than one face can be specified for a
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1379 given piece of text; when that happens, the attributes of all the faces
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1380 are merged to specify how to display the text. @xref{Merging Faces}.
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1381
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1382 In Emacs 21, any attribute in a face can have the value
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1383 @code{unspecified}. This means the face doesn't specify that attribute.
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1384 In face merging, when the first face fails to specify a particular
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1385 attribute, that means the next face gets a chance. However, the
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1386 @code{default} face must specify all attributes.
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1387
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1388 Some of these font attributes are meaningful only on certain kinds of
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1389 displays---if your display cannot handle a certain attribute, the
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1390 attribute is ignored. (The attributes @code{:family}, @code{:width},
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1391 @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} correspond to parts of
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1392 an X Logical Font Descriptor.)
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1393
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1394 @table @code
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1395 @item :family
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1396 Font family name, or fontset name (@pxref{Fontsets}). If you specify a
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1397 font family name, the wild-card characters @samp{*} and @samp{?} are
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1398 allowed.
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1399
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1400 @item :width
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1401 Relative proportionate width, also known as the character set width or
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1402 set width. This should be one of the symbols @code{ultra-condensed},
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1403 @code{extra-condensed}, @code{condensed}, @code{semi-condensed},
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1404 @code{normal}, @code{semi-expanded}, @code{expanded},
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1405 @code{extra-expanded}, or @code{ultra-expanded}.
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1406
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1407 @item :height
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1408 Font height, an integer in units of 1/10 point.
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1409
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1410 @item :weight
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1411 Font weight---a symbol from this series (from most dense to most faint):
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1412 @code{ultra-bold}, @code{extra-bold}, @code{bold}, @code{semi-bold},
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1413 @code{normal}, @code{semi-light}, @code{light}, @code{extra-light},
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1414 or @code{ultra-light}.
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1415
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diff changeset
1416 On a text-only terminal, any weight greater than normal is displayed as
89230444d638 patched by pjr from diff by rms
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1417 extra bright, and any weight less than normal is displayed as
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1418 half-bright (provided the terminal supports the feature).
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1419
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1420 @item :slant
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1421 Font slant---one of the symbols @code{italic}, @code{oblique}, @code{normal},
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1422 @code{reverse-italic}, or @code{reverse-oblique}.
25809
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1423
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1424 On a text-only terminal, slanted text is displayed as half-bright, if
89230444d638 patched by pjr from diff by rms
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1425 the terminal supports the feature.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25751
diff changeset
1426
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1427 @item :foreground
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1428 Foreground color, a string.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1429
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1430 @item :background
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1431 Background color, a string.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1432
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1433 @item :inverse-video
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1434 Whether or not characters should be displayed in inverse video. The
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1435 value should be @code{t} (yes) or @code{nil} (no).
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1436
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1437 @item :stipple
25875
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1438 The background stipple, a bitmap.
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1439
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1440 The value can be a string; that should be the name of a file containing
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1441 external-format X bitmap data. The file is found in the directories
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1442 listed in the variable @code{x-bitmap-file-path}.
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1443
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1444 Alternatively, the value can specify the bitmap directly, with a list of
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1445 the form @code{(@var{width} @var{height} @var{data})}. Here,
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1446 @var{width} and @var{height} specify the size in pixels, and @var{data}
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1447 is a string containing the raw bits of the bitmap, row by row. Each row
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1448 occupies @math{(@var{width} + 7) / 8} consecutie bytes in the string
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1449 (which should be a unibyte string for best results).
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1450
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1451 If the value is @code{nil}, that means use no stipple pattern.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1452
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1453 Normally you do not need to set the stipple attribute, because it is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1454 used automatically to handle certain shades of gray.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1455
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1456 @item :underline
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1457 Whether or not characters should be underlined, and in what color. If
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1458 the value is @code{t}, underlining uses the foreground color of the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1459 face. If the value is a string, underlining uses that color. The
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1460 value @code{nil} means do not underline.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1461
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1462 @item :overline
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1463 Whether or not characters should be overlined, and in what color.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1464 The value is used like that of @code{:underline}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1465
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1466 @item :strike-through
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1467 Whether or not characters should be strike-through, and in what
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1468 color. The value is used like that of @code{:underline}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1469
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1470 @item :box
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1471 Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its color, the
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1472 width of the box lines, and 3D appearance.
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1473 @end table
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1474
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1475 Here are the possible values of the @code{:box} attribute, and what
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1476 they mean:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1477
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1478 @table @asis
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1479 @item @code{nil}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1480 Don't draw a box.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1481
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1482 @item @code{t}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1483 Draw a box with lines of width 1, in the foreground color.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1484
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1485 @item @var{color}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1486 Draw a box with lines of width 1, in color @var{color}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1487
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1488 @item @code{(:line-width @var{width} :color @var{color} :style @var{style})}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1489 This way you can explicitly specify all aspects of the box. The value
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1490 @var{width} specifies the width of the lines to draw; it defaults to 1.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1491
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1492 The value @var{color} specifies the color to draw with. The default is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1493 the foreground color of the face for simple boxes, and the background
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1494 color of the face for 3D boxes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1495
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1496 The value @var{style} specifies whether to draw a 3D box. If it is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1497 @code{released-button}, the box looks like a 3D button that is not being
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1498 pressed. If it is @code{pressed-button}, the box looks like a 3D button
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1499 that is being pressed. If it is @code{nil} or omitted, a plain 2D box
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1500 is used.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1501 @end table
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1502
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1503 The attributes @code{:overline}, @code{:strike-through} and
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1504 @code{:box} are new in Emacs 21. The attributes @code{:family},
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1505 @code{:height}, @code{:width}, @code{:weight}, @code{:slant} are also
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1506 new; previous versions used the following attributes, now semi-obsolete,
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1507 to specify some of the same information:
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1508
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1509 @table @code
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1510 @item :font
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1511 This attribute specifies the font name.
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1512
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1513 @item :bold
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1514 A non-@code{nil} value specifies a bold font.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1515
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1516 @item :italic
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1517 A non-@code{nil} value specifies an italic font.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1518 @end table
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1519
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1520 For compatibility, you can still set these ``attributes'' in Emacs 21,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1521 even though they are not real face attributes. Here is what that does:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1522
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1523 @table @code
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1524 @item :font
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1525 You can specify an X font name as the ``value'' of this ``attribute'';
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1526 that sets the @code{:family}, @code{:width}, @code{:height},
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1527 @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} attributes according to the font name.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1528
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1529 If the value is a pattern with wildcards, the first font that matches
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1530 the pattern is used to set these attributes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1531
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1532 @item :bold
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1533 A non-@code{nil} makes the face bold; @code{nil} makes it normal.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1534 This actually works by setting the @code{:weight} attribute.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1535
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1536 @item :italic
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1537 A non-@code{nil} makes the face italic; @code{nil} makes it normal.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1538 This actually works by setting the @code{:slant} attribute.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1539 @end table
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1540
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1541 @defvar x-bitmap-file-path
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1542 This variable specifies a list of directories for searching
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1543 for bitmap files, for the @code{:stipple} attribute.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1544 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1545
25911
b192e4e3a9f5 Rename pixmap-spec-p to bitmap-spec-p.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25875
diff changeset
1546 @defun bitmap-spec-p object
25875
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1547 This returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a valid bitmap
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1548 specification, suitable for use with @code{:stipple}.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1549 It returns @code{nil} otherwise.
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1550 @end defun
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
1551
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1552 @node Attribute Functions
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1553 @subsection Face Attribute Functions
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1554
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1555 You can modify the attributes of an existing face with the following
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1556 functions. If you specify @var{frame}, they affect just that frame;
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1557 otherwise, they affect all frames as well as the defaults that apply to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1558 new frames.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1559
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1560 @tindex set-face-attribute
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1561 @defun set-face-attribute face frame &rest arguments
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1562 This function sets one or more attributes of face @var{face}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1563 for frame @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it sets
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1564 the attribute for all frames, and the defaults for new frames.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1565
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1566 The extra arguments @var{arguments} specify the attributes to set, and
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1567 the values for them. They should consist of alternating attribute names
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1568 (such as @code{:family} or @code{:underline}) and corresponding values.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1569 Thus,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1570
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1571 @example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1572 (set-face-attribute 'foo nil
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1573 :width :extended
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1574 :weight :bold
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1575 :underline "red")
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1576 @end example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1577
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1578 @noindent
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1579 sets the attributes @code{:width}, @code{:weight} and @code{:underline}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1580 to the corresponding values.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1581 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1582
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1583 @tindex face-attribute
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1584 @defun face-attribute face attribute &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1585 This returns the value of the @var{attribute} attribute of face
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1586 @var{face} on @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil},
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1587 that means the selected frame.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1588
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1589 If @var{frame} is @code{t}, the value is the default for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1590 @var{face} for new frames.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1591
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1592 For example,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1593
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1594 @example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1595 (face-attribute 'bold :weight)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1596 @result{} bold
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1597 @end example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1598 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1599
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1600 The functions above did not exist before Emacs 21. For compatibility
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1601 with older Emacs versions, you can use the following functions to set
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1602 and examine the face attributes which existed in those versions.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1603
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1604 @defun set-face-foreground face color &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1605 @defunx set-face-background face color &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1606 These functions set the foreground (or background, respectively) color
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1607 of face @var{face} to @var{color}. The argument @var{color} should be a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1608 string, the name of a color.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1609
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1610 Certain shades of gray are implemented by stipple patterns on
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1611 black-and-white screens.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1612 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1613
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1614 @defun set-face-stipple face pattern &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1615 This function sets the background stipple pattern of face @var{face} to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1616 @var{pattern}. The argument @var{pattern} should be the name of a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1617 stipple pattern defined by the X server, or @code{nil} meaning don't use
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1618 stipple.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1619
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1620 Normally there is no need to pay attention to stipple patterns, because
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1621 they are used automatically to handle certain shades of gray.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1622 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1623
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1624 @defun set-face-font face font &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1625 This function sets the font of face @var{face}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1626
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1627 In Emacs 21, this actually sets the attributes @code{:family},
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1628 @code{:width}, @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1629 according to the font name @var{font}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1630
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1631 In Emacs 20, this sets the font attribute. Once you set the font
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1632 explicitly, the bold and italic attributes cease to have any effect,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1633 because the precise font that you specified is used.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1634 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1635
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1636 @defun set-face-bold-p face bold-p &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1637 This function specifies whether @var{face} should be bold. If
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1638 @var{bold-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means yes; @code{nil} means no.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1639
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1640 In Emacs 21, this sets the @code{:weight} attribute.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1641 In Emacs 20, it sets the @code{:bold} attribute.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1642 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1643
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1644 @defun set-face-italic-p face italic-p &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1645 This function specifies whether @var{face} should be italic. If
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1646 @var{italic-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means yes; @code{nil} means no.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1647
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1648 In Emacs 21, this sets the @code{:slant} attribute.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1649 In Emacs 20, it sets the @code{:italic} attribute.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1650 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1651
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1652 @defun set-face-underline-p face underline-p &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1653 This function sets the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1654 Non-@code{nil} means do underline; @code{nil} means don't.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1655 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1656
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1657 @defun invert-face face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1658 This function inverts the @code{:inverse-video} attribute of face
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1659 @var{face}. If the attribute is @code{nil}, this function sets it to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1660 @code{t}, and vice versa.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1661 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1662
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1663 These functions examine the attributes of a face. If you don't
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1664 specify @var{frame}, they refer to the default data for new frames.
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1665 They return the symbol @code{unspecified} if the face doesn't define any
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1666 value for that attribute.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1667
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1668 @defun face-foreground face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1669 @defunx face-background face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1670 These functions return the foreground color (or background color,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1671 respectively) of face @var{face}, as a string.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1672 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1673
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1674 @defun face-stipple face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1675 This function returns the name of the background stipple pattern of face
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1676 @var{face}, or @code{nil} if it doesn't have one.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1677 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1678
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1679 @defun face-font face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1680 This function returns the name of the font of face @var{face}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1681 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1682
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1683 @defun face-bold-p face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1684 This function returns @code{t} if @var{face} is bold---that is, if it is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1685 bolder than normal. It returns @code{nil} otherwise.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1686 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1687
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1688 @defun face-italic-p face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1689 This function returns @code{t} if @var{face} is italic or oblique,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1690 @code{nil} otherwise.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1691 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1692
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1693 @defun face-underline-p face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1694 This function returns the @code{:underline} attribute of face @var{face}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1695 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1696
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1697 @defun face-inverse-video-p face &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1698 This function returns the @code{:inverse-video} attribute of face @var{face}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1699 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1700
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1701 @node Merging Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1702 @subsection Merging Faces for Display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1703
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1704 Here are the ways to specify which faces to use for display of text:
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1705
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1706 @itemize @bullet
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1707 @item
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1708 With defaults. The @code{default} face is used as the ultimate
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1709 default for all text. (In Emacs 19 and 20, the @code{default}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1710 face is used only when no other face is specified.)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1711
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1712 For a mode line or header line, the face @code{modeline} or
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1713 @code{header-line} is used just before @code{default}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1715 @item
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1716 With text properties. A character can have a @code{face} property; if
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1717 so, the faces and face attributes specified there apply. @xref{Special
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1718 Properties}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1719
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1720 If the character has a @code{mouse-face} property, that is used instead
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1721 of the @code{face} property when the mouse is ``near enough'' to the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1722 character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1723
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1724 @item
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1725 With overlays. An overlay can have @code{face} and @code{mouse-face}
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1726 properties too; they apply to all the text covered by the overlay.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1727
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1728 @item
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1729 With a region that is active. In Transient Mark mode, the region is
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1730 highlighted with the face @code{region} (@pxref{Standard Faces}).
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1731
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1732 @item
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1733 With special glyphs. Each glyph can specify a particular face
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734 number. @xref{Glyphs}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1735 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1736
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1737 If these various sources together specify more than one face for a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738 particular character, Emacs merges the attributes of the various faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1739 specified. The attributes of the faces of special glyphs come first;
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1740 then comes the face for region highlighting, if appropriate;
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1741 then come attributes of faces from overlays, followed by those from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1742 properties, and last the default face.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1743
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1744 When multiple overlays cover one character, an overlay with higher
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1745 priority overrides those with lower priority. @xref{Overlays}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1746
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1747 In Emacs 20, if an attribute such as the font or a color is not
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1748 specified in any of the above ways, the frame's own font or color is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1749 used. In newer Emacs versions, this cannot happen, because the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1750 @code{default} face specifies all attributes---in fact, the frame's own
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1751 font and colors are synonymous with those of the default face.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1752
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1753 @node Font Selection
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1754 @subsection Font Selection
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1755
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1756 @dfn{Selecting a font} means mapping the specified face attributes for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1757 a character to a font that is available on a particular display. The
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1758 face attributes, as determined by face merging, specify most of the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1759 font choice, but not all. Part of the choice depends on what character
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1760 it is.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1761
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1762 For multibyte characters, typically each font covers only one
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1763 character set. So each character set (@pxref{Character Sets}) specifies
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1764 a registry and encoding to use, with the character set's
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1765 @code{x-charset-registry} property. Its value is a string containing
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1766 the registry and the encoding, with a dash between them:
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1767
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1768 @example
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1769 (plist-get (charset-plist 'latin-iso8859-1)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1770 'x-charset-registry)
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1771 @result{} "ISO8859-1"
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1772 @end example
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1773
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1774 Unibyte text does not have character sets, so displaying a unibyte
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1775 character takes the registry and encoding from the variable
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1776 @code{face-default-registry}.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1777
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1778 @defvar face-default-registry
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1779 This variable specifies which registry and encoding to use in choosing
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1780 fonts for unibyte characters. The value is initialized at Emacs startup
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1781 time from the font the user specified for Emacs.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1782 @end defvar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1783
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1784 If the face specifies a fontset name, that fontset determines a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1785 pattern for fonts of the given charset. If the face specifies a font
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1786 family, a font pattern is constructed.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1787
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1788 Emacs tries to find an available font for the given face attributes
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1789 and character's registry and encoding. If there is a font that matches
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1790 exactly, it is used, of course. The hard case is when no available font
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1791 exactly fits the specification. Then Emacs looks for one that is
27654
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27447
diff changeset
1792 ``close''---one attribute at a time. You can specify the order to
cabb1b4c4424 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27447
diff changeset
1793 consider the attributes. In the case where a specified font family is
cabb1b4c4424 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27447
diff changeset
1794 not available, you can specify a set of mappings for alternatives to
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27447
diff changeset
1795 try.
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1796
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1797 @defvar face-font-selection-order
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1798 @tindex face-font-selection-order
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1799 This variable specifies the order of importance of the face attributes
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1800 @code{:width}, @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant}. The
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1801 value should be a list containing those four symbols, in order of
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1802 decreasing importance.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1803
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1804 Font selection first finds the best available matches for the first
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1805 attribute listed; then, among the fonts which are best in that way, it
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1806 searches for the best matches in the second attribute, and so on.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1807
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1808 The attributes @code{:weight} and @code{:width} have symbolic values in
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1809 a range centered around @code{normal}. Matches that are more extreme
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1810 (farther from @code{normal}) are somewhat preferred to matches that are
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1811 less extreme (closer to @code{normal}); this is designed to ensure that
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1812 non-normal faces contrast with normal ones, whenever possible.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1813
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1814 The default is @code{(:width :height :weight :slant)}, which means first
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1815 find the fonts closest to the specified @code{:width}, then---among the
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1816 fonts with that width---find a best match for the specified font height,
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1817 and so on.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1818
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1819 One example of a case where this variable makes a difference is when the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1820 default font has no italic equivalent. With the default ordering, the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1821 @code{italic} face will use a non-italic font that is similar to the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1822 default one. But if you put @code{:slant} before @code{:height}, the
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1823 @code{italic} face will use an italic font, even if its height is not
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1824 quite right.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1825 @end defvar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1826
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1827 @defvar face-alternative-font-family-alist
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1828 @tindex face-alternative-font-family-alist
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1829 This variable lets you specify alternative font families to try, if a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1830 given family is specified and doesn't exist. Each element should have
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1831 this form:
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1832
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1833 @example
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1834 (@var{family} @var{alternate-families}@dots{})
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1835 @end example
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1836
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1837 If @var{family} is specified but not available, Emacs will try the other
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1838 families given in @var{alternate-families}, one by one, until it finds a
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1839 family that does exist.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1840 @end defvar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1841
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1842 Emacs can make use of scalable fonts, but by default it does not use
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1843 them, since the use of too many or too big scalable fonts can crash
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1844 XFree86 servers.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1845
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1846 @defvar scalable-fonts-allowed
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1847 @tindex scalable-fonts-allowed
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1848 This variable controls which scalable fonts to use. A value of
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1849 @code{nil}, the default, means do not use scalable fonts. @code{t}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1850 means to use any scalable font that seems appropriate for the text.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1851
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1852 Otherwise, the value must be a list of regular expressions. Then a
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1853 scalable font is enabled for use if its name matches any regular
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1854 expression in the list. For example,
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1855
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1856 @example
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1857 (setq scalable-fonts-allowed '("muleindian-2$"))
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1858 @end example
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1859
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1860 @noindent
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1861 allows the use of scalable fonts with registry @code{muleindian-2}.
26698
73f718a9df4b (Overlays): Add menu entry for Finding Overlays.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26696
diff changeset
1862 @end defvar
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1863
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1864 @defun clear-face-cache &optional unload-p
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1865 @tindex clear-face-cache
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1866 This function clears the face cache for all frames.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1867 If @var{unload-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means to unload
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1868 all unused fonts as well.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1869 @end defun
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1870
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1871 @node Face Functions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1872 @subsection Functions for Working with Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1873
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1874 Here are additional functions for creating and working with faces.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1875
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1876 @defun make-face name
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877 This function defines a new face named @var{name}, initially with all
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1878 attributes @code{nil}. It does nothing if there is already a face named
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1879 @var{name}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1880 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1881
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882 @defun face-list
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 This function returns a list of all defined face names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1884 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1885
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1886 @defun copy-face old-face new-name &optional frame new-frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1887 This function defines the face @var{new-name} as a copy of the existing
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888 face named @var{old-face}. It creates the face @var{new-name} if that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 doesn't already exist.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1890
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 If the optional argument @var{frame} is given, this function applies
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 only to that frame. Otherwise it applies to each frame individually,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893 copying attributes from @var{old-face} in each frame to @var{new-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1894 in the same frame.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1895
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1896 If the optional argument @var{new-frame} is given, then @code{copy-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1897 copies the attributes of @var{old-face} in @var{frame} to @var{new-name}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1898 in @var{new-frame}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1901 @defun face-id face
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1902 This function returns the face number of face @var{face}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1903 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904
22138
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
1905 @defun face-documentation face
21007
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1906 This function returns the documentation string of face @var{face}, or
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1907 @code{nil} if none was specified for it.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1908 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1909
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910 @defun face-equal face1 face2 &optional frame
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911 This returns @code{t} if the faces @var{face1} and @var{face2} have the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912 same attributes for display.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1913 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1914
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915 @defun face-differs-from-default-p face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916 This returns @code{t} if the face @var{face} displays differently from
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1917 the default face. A face is considered to be ``the same'' as the
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1918 default face if each attribute is either the same as that of the default
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
1919 face, or unspecified (meaning to inherit from the default).
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1920 @end defun
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
1921
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1922 @node Auto Faces
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1923 @subsection Automatic Face Assignment
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1924 @cindex automatic face assignment
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1925 @cindex faces, automatic choice
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1926
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1927 @cindex Font-Lock mode
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1928 Starting with Emacs 21, a hook is available for automatically
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1929 assigning faces to text in the buffer. This hook is used for part of
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1930 the implementation of Font-Lock mode.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1931
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1932 @tindex fontification-functions
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1933 @defvar fontification-functions
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1934 This variable holds a list of functions that are called by Emacs
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1935 redisplay as needed to assign faces automatically to text in the buffer.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1936
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1937 The functions are called in the order listed, with one argument, a
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1938 buffer position @var{pos}. Each function should attempt to assign faces
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1939 to the text in the current buffer starting at @var{pos}.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1940
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1941 Each function should record the faces they assign by setting the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1942 @code{face} property. It should also add a non-@code{nil}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1943 @code{fontified} property for all the text it has assigned faces to.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1944 That property tells redisplay that faces have been assigned to that text
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1945 already.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1946
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1947 It is probably a good idea for each function to do nothing if the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1948 character after @var{pos} already has a non-@code{nil} @code{fontified}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1949 property, but this is not required. If one function overrides the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1950 assignments made by a previous one, the properties as they are
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1951 after the last function finishes are the ones that really matter.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1952
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1953 For efficiency, we recommend writing these functions so that they
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1954 usually assign faces to around 400 to 600 characters at each call.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1955 @end defvar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
1956
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1957 @node Font Lookup
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1958 @subsection Looking Up Fonts
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1959
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1960 @defun x-list-fonts pattern &optional face frame maximum
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1961 This function returns a list of available font names that match
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1962 @var{pattern}. If the optional arguments @var{face} and @var{frame} are
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1963 specified, then the list is limited to fonts that are the same size as
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1964 @var{face} currently is on @var{frame}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1965
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1966 The argument @var{pattern} should be a string, perhaps with wildcard
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1967 characters: the @samp{*} character matches any substring, and the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1968 @samp{?} character matches any single character. Pattern matching
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1969 of font names ignores case.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1970
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1971 If you specify @var{face} and @var{frame}, @var{face} should be a face name
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1972 (a symbol) and @var{frame} should be a frame.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1973
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1974 The optional argument @var{maximum} sets a limit on how many fonts to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1975 return. If this is non-@code{nil}, then the return value is truncated
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1976 after the first @var{maximum} matching fonts. Specifying a small value
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1977 for @var{maximum} can make this function much faster, in cases where
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1978 many fonts match the pattern.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1979 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1980
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1981 These additional functions are available starting in Emacs 21.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1982
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1983 @defun x-family-fonts &optional family frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1984 @tindex x-family-fonts
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1985 This function returns a list describing the available fonts for family
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1986 @var{family} on @var{frame}. If @var{family} is omitted or @code{nil},
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1987 this list applies to all families, and therefore, it contains all
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1988 available fonts. Otherwise, @var{family} must be a string; it may
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1989 contain the wildcards @samp{?} and @samp{*}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1990
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1991 The list describes the display that @var{frame} is on; if @var{frame} is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1992 omitted or @code{nil}, it applies to the selected frame's display.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1993
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1994 The list contains a vector of the following form for each font:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1995
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1996 @example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1997 [@var{family} @var{width} @var{point-size} @var{weight} @var{slant}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1998 @var{fixed-p} @var{full} @var{registry-and-encoding}]
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
1999 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2000
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2001 The first five elements correspond to face attributes; if you
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2002 specify these attributes for a face, it will use this font.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2003
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2004 The last three elements give additional information about the font.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2005 @var{fixed-p} is non-nil if the font is fixed-pitch. @var{full} is the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2006 full name of the font, and @var{registry-and-encoding} is a string
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2007 giving the registry and encoding of the font.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2008
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2009 The result list is sorted according to the current face font sort order.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2010 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2011
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2012 @defun x-font-family-list &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2013 @tindex x-font-family-list
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2014 This function returns a list of the font families available for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2015 @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, it
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2016 describes the selected frame's display.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2017
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2018 The value is a list of elements of this form:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2019
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2020 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2021 (@var{family} . @var{fixed-p})
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2022 @end example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2023
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2024 @noindent
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2025 Here @var{family} is a font family, and @var{fixed-p} is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2026 non-@code{nil} if fonts of that family are fixed-pitch.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2027 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2028
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2029 @defvar font-list-limit
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2030 @tindex font-list-limit
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2031 This variable specifies maximum number of fonts to consider in font
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2032 matching. The function @code{x-family-fonts} will not return more than
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2033 that many fonts, and font selection will consider only that many fonts
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2034 when searching a matching font for face attributes. The default is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2035 currently 100.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2036 @end defvar
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2037
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2038 @node Fontsets
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2039 @subsection Fontsets
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2040
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2041 A @dfn{fontset} is a list of fonts, each assigned to a range of
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2042 character codes. An individual font cannot display the whole range of
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2043 characters that Emacs supports, but a fontset can. Fontsets have names,
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2044 just as fonts do, and you can use a fontset name in place of a font name
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2045 when you specify the ``font'' for a frame or a face. Here is
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2046 information about defining a fontset under Lisp program control.
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2047
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2048 @defun create-fontset-from-fontset-spec fontset-spec &optional style-variant-p noerror
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2049 This function defines a new fontset according to the specification
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2050 string @var{fontset-spec}. The string should have this format:
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2051
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2052 @smallexample
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2053 @var{fontpattern}, @r{[}@var{charsetname}:@var{fontname}@r{]@dots{}}
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2054 @end smallexample
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2055
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2056 @noindent
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2057 Whitespace characters before and after the commas are ignored.
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2058
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2059 The first part of the string, @var{fontpattern}, should have the form of
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2060 a standard X font name, except that the last two fields should be
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2061 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}.
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2062
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2063 The new fontset has two names, one long and one short. The long name is
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2064 @var{fontpattern} in its entirety. The short name is
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2065 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. You can refer to the fontset by either
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2066 name. If a fontset with the same name already exists, an error is
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2067 signaled, unless @var{noerror} is non-@code{nil}, in which case this
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2068 function does nothing.
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2069
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2070 If optional argument @var{style-variant-p} is non-@code{nil}, that says
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2071 to create bold, italic and bold-italic variants of the fontset as well.
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2072 These variant fontsets do not have a short name, only a long one, which
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2073 is made by altering @var{fontpattern} to indicate the bold or italic
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2074 status.
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2075
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2076 The specification string also says which fonts to use in the fontset.
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2077 See below for the details.
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2078 @end defun
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2079
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2080 The construct @samp{@var{charset}:@var{font}} specifies which font to
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2081 use (in this fontset) for one particular character set. Here,
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2082 @var{charset} is the name of a character set, and @var{font} is the font
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2083 to use for that character set. You can use this construct any number of
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2084 times in the specification string.
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2085
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2086 For the remaining character sets, those that you don't specify
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2087 explicitly, Emacs chooses a font based on @var{fontpattern}: it replaces
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2088 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with a value that names one character set.
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2089 For the @sc{ascii} character set, @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced
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2090 with @samp{ISO8859-1}.
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2091
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2092 In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs
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2093 collapses them into a single wildcard. This is to prevent use of
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2094 auto-scaled fonts. Fonts made by scaling larger fonts are not usable
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2095 for editing, and scaling a smaller font is not useful because it is
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2096 better to use the smaller font in its own size, which Emacs does.
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2097
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2098 Thus if @var{fontpattern} is this,
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2099
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2100 @example
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2101 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24
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2102 @end example
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2103
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2104 @noindent
27374
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2105 the font specification for @sc{ascii} characters would be this:
25751
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2106
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2107 @example
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2108 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1
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2109 @end example
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2110
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2111 @noindent
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2112 and the font specification for Chinese GB2312 characters would be this:
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2113
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2114 @example
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2115 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-*
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2116 @end example
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2117
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2118 You may not have any Chinese font matching the above font
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2119 specification. Most X distributions include only Chinese fonts that
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2120 have @samp{song ti} or @samp{fangsong ti} in the @var{family} field. In
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2121 such a case, @samp{Fontset-@var{n}} can be specified as below:
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2122
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2123 @smallexample
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2124 Emacs.Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24,\
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2125 chinese-gb2312:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-*
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2126 @end smallexample
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2127
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2128 @noindent
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2129 Then, the font specifications for all but Chinese GB2312 characters have
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diff changeset
2130 @samp{fixed} in the @var{family} field, and the font specification for
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2131 Chinese GB2312 characters has a wild card @samp{*} in the @var{family}
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diff changeset
2132 field.
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2133
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2134 @node Display Property
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2135 @section The @code{display} Property
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2136 @cindex display specification
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diff changeset
2137 @kindex display @r{(text property)}
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2138
25875
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2139 The @code{display} text property (or overlay property) is used to
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2140 insert images into text, and also control other aspects of how text
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diff changeset
2141 displays. These features are available starting in Emacs 21. The value
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2142 of the @code{display} property should be a display specification, or a
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diff changeset
2143 list or vector containing several display specifications. The rest of
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diff changeset
2144 this section describes several kinds of display specifications and what
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diff changeset
2145 they mean.
25751
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2146
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diff changeset
2147 @menu
25875
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2148 * Specified Space:: Displaying one space with a specified width.
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2149 * Other Display Specs:: Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it
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2150 up or down on the page; adjusting the width
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diff changeset
2151 of spaces within text.
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2152 * Display Margins:: Displaying text or images to the side of the main text.
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2153 * Conditional Display:: Making any of the above features conditional
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diff changeset
2154 depending on some Lisp expression.
25751
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diff changeset
2155 @end menu
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2156
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diff changeset
2157 @node Specified Space
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diff changeset
2158 @subsection Specified Spaces
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diff changeset
2159 @cindex spaces, specified height or width
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diff changeset
2160 @cindex specified spaces
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diff changeset
2161 @cindex variable-width spaces
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2162
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diff changeset
2163 To display a space of specified width and/or height, use a display
25875
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diff changeset
2164 specification of the form @code{(space . @var{props})}, where
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diff changeset
2165 @var{props} is a property list (a list of alternating properties and
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diff changeset
2166 values). You can put this property on one or more consecutive
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diff changeset
2167 characters; a space of the specified height and width is displayed in
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diff changeset
2168 place of @emph{all} of those characters. These are the properties you
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diff changeset
2169 can use to specify the weight of the space:
25751
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diff changeset
2170
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diff changeset
2171 @table @code
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diff changeset
2172 @item :width @var{width}
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diff changeset
2173 Specifies that the space width should be @var{width} times the normal
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diff changeset
2174 character width. @var{width} can be an integer or floating point
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diff changeset
2175 number.
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diff changeset
2176
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diff changeset
2177 @item :relative-width @var{factor}
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2178 Specifies that the width of the stretch should be computed from the
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diff changeset
2179 first character in the group of consecutive characters that have the
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diff changeset
2180 same @code{display} property. The space width is the width of that
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diff changeset
2181 character, multiplied by @var{factor}.
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diff changeset
2182
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diff changeset
2183 @item :align-to @var{hpos}
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diff changeset
2184 Specifies that the space should be wide enough to reach @var{hpos}. The
25875
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diff changeset
2185 value @var{hpos} is measured in units of the normal character width. It
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diff changeset
2186 may be an interer or a floating point number.
25751
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diff changeset
2187 @end table
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diff changeset
2188
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diff changeset
2189 Exactly one of the above properties should be used. You can also
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
2190 specify the height of the space, with other properties:
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diff changeset
2191
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2192 @table @code
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2193 @item :height @var{height}
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2194 Specifies the height of the space, as @var{height},
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diff changeset
2195 measured in terms of the normal line height.
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2196
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2197 @item :relative-height @var{factor}
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2198 Specifies the height of the space, multiplying the ordinary height
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2199 of the text having this display specification by @var{factor}.
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2200
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2201 @item :ascent @var{ascent}
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2202 Specifies that @var{ascent} percent of the height of the space should be
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2203 considered as the ascent of the space---that is, the part above the
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2204 baseline. The value of @var{ascent} must be a non-negative number no
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2205 greater than 100.
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2206 @end table
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2207
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2208 You should not use both @code{:height} and @code{:relative-height}
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2209 together.
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2210
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2211 @node Other Display Specs
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2212 @subsection Other Display Specifications
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2213
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2214 @table @code
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2215 @item (image . @var{image-props})
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2216 This is in fact an image descriptor (@pxref{Images}). When used as a
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2217 display specification, it means to display the image instead of the text
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2218 that has the display specification.
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2219
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2220 @item (space-width @var{factor})
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2221 This display specification affects all the space characters within the
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2222 text that has the specification. It displays all of these spaces
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2223 @var{factor} times as wide as normal. The element @var{factor} should
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2224 be an integer or float. Characters other than spaces are not affected
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2225 at all; in particular, this has no effect on tab characters.
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2226
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2227 @item (height @var{height})
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2228 This display specification makes the text taller or shorter.
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2229 Here are the possibilities for @var{height}:
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2230
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diff changeset
2231 @table @asis
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2232 @item @code{(+ @var{n})}
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2233 This means to use a font that is @var{n} steps larger. A ``step'' is
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2234 defined by the set of available fonts---specifically, those that match
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2235 what was otherwise specified for this text, in all attributes except
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2236 height. Each size for which a suitable font is available counts as
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parents: 25809
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2237 another step. @var{n} should be an integer.
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2238
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2239 @item @code{(- @var{n})}
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2240 This means to use a font that is @var{n} steps smaller.
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2241
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2242 @item a number, @var{factor}
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2243 A number, @var{factor}, means to use a font that is @var{factor} times
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2244 as tall as the default font.
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2245
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2246 @item a symbol, @var{function}
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2247 A symbol is a function to compute the height. It is called with the
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2248 current height as argument, and should return the new height to use.
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2249
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2250 @item anything else, @var{form}
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2251 If the @var{height} value doesn't fit the previous possibilities, it is
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2252 a form. Emacs evaluates it to get the new height, with the symbol
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2253 @code{height} bound to the current specified font height.
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2254 @end table
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2255
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diff changeset
2256 @item (raise @var{factor})
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diff changeset
2257 This kind of display specification raises or lowers the text
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diff changeset
2258 it applies to, relative to the baseline of the line.
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2259
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2260 @var{factor} must be a number, which is interpreted as a multiple of the
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2261 height of the affected text. If it is positive, that means to display
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2262 the characters raised. If it is negative, that means to display them
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2263 lower down.
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2264
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2265 If the text also has a @code{height} display specification, that does
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2266 not affect the amount of raising or lowering, which is based on the
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2267 faces used for the text.
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2268 @end table
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2269
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2270 @node Display Margins
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2271 @subsection Displaying in the Margins
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2272 @cindex display margins
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2273 @cindex margins, display
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2274
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2275 A buffer can have blank areas called @dfn{display margins} on the left
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diff changeset
2276 and on the right. Ordinary text never appears in these areas, but you
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2277 can put things into the display margins using the @code{display}
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diff changeset
2278 property.
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2279
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diff changeset
2280 To put text in the left or right display margin of the window, use a
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2281 display specification of the form @code{(margin right-margin)} or
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2282 @code{(margin left-margin)} on it. To put an image in a display margin,
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diff changeset
2283 use that display specification along with the display specification for
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2284 the image.
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2285
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diff changeset
2286 Before the display margins can display anything, you must give
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2287 them a nonzero width. The usual way to do that is to set these
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2288 variables:
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2289
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2290 @defvar left-margin-width
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2291 @tindex left-margin-width
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2292 This variable specifies the width of the left margin.
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diff changeset
2293 It is buffer-local in all buffers.
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diff changeset
2294 @end defvar
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2295
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diff changeset
2296 @defvar right-margin-width
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diff changeset
2297 @tindex right-margin-width
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diff changeset
2298 This variable specifies the width of the right margin.
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diff changeset
2299 It is buffer-local in all buffers.
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2300 @end defvar
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2301
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2302 Setting these variables does not immediately affect the window. These
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2303 variables are checked when a new buffer is displayed in the window.
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2304 Thus, you can make changes take effect by calling
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2305 @code{set-window-buffer}.
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2306
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2307 You can also set the margin widths immediately.
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2308
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diff changeset
2309 @defun set-window-margins window left right
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2310 @tindex set-window-margins
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diff changeset
2311 This function specifies the margin widths for window @var{window}.
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diff changeset
2312 The argument @var{left} controls the left margin and
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2313 @var{right} controls the right margin.
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2314 @end defun
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2315
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diff changeset
2316 @defun window-margins &optional window
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2317 @tindex window-margins
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diff changeset
2318 This function returns the left and right margins of @var{window}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2319 as a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{left} . @var{right})}.
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diff changeset
2320 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used.
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2321 @end defun
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2322
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2323 @node Conditional Display
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2324 @subsection Conditional Display Specifications
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diff changeset
2325 @cindex conditional display specifications
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2326
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2327 You can make any display specification conditional. To do that,
29471
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parents: 29151
diff changeset
2328 package it in another list of the form @code{(when @var{condition} .
25751
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diff changeset
2329 @var{spec})}. Then the specification @var{spec} applies only when
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diff changeset
2330 @var{condition} evaluates to a non-@code{nil} value. During the
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2331 evaluation, point is temporarily set at the end position of the text
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2332 having this conditional display specification.
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diff changeset
2333
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2334 @node Images
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2335 @section Images
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2336 @cindex images in buffers
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parents: 25454
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2337
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diff changeset
2338 To display an image in an Emacs buffer, you must first create an image
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2339 descriptor, then use it as a display specifier in the @code{display}
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2340 property of text that is displayed (@pxref{Display Property}). Like the
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2341 @code{display} property, this feature is available starting in Emacs 21.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2342
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diff changeset
2343 Emacs can display a number of different image formats; some of them
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2344 are supported only if particular support libraries are installed on your
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2345 machine. The supported image formats include XBM, XPM (needing the
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2346 libraries @code{libXpm} version 3.4k and @code{libz}), GIF (needing
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
2347 @code{libungif} 4.1.0), Postscript, PBM, JPEG (needing the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2348 @code{libjpeg} library version v6a), TIFF (needing @code{libtiff} v3.4),
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2349 and PNG (needing @code{libpng} 1.0.2).
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2350
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2351 You specify one of these formats with an image type symbol. The image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2352 type symbols are @code{xbm}, @code{xpm}, @code{gif}, @code{postscript},
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2353 @code{pbm}, @code{jpeg}, @code{tiff}, and @code{png}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2354
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2355 @defvar image-types
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2356 This variable contains a list of those image type symbols that are
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2357 supported in the current configuration.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2358 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2359
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2360 @menu
25875
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2361 * Image Descriptors:: How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2362 * XBM Images:: Special features for XBM format.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2363 * XPM Images:: Special features for XPM format.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2364 * GIF Images:: Special features for GIF format.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2365 * Postscript Images:: Special features for Postscript format.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2366 * Other Image Types:: Various other formats are supported.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2367 * Defining Images:: Convenient ways to define an image for later use.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2368 * Showing Images:: Convenient ways to display an image once it is defined.
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2369 * Image Cache:: Internal mechanisms of image display.
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2370 @end menu
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2371
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2372 @node Image Descriptors
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2373 @subsection Image Descriptors
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2374 @cindex image descriptor
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2375
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2376 An image description is a list of the form @code{(image
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2377 . @var{props})}, where @var{props} is a property list containing
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2378 alternating keyword symbols (symbols whose names start with a colon) and
26400
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2379 their values. You can use any Lisp object as a property, but the only
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2380 properties that have any special meaning are certain symbols, all of
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2381 them keywords.
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2382
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2383 Every image descriptor must contain the property @code{:type
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2384 @var{type}} to specify the format of the image. The value of @var{type}
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2385 should be an image type symbol; for example, @code{xpm} for an image in
53eeb3b7c785 Patch from rms.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 26221
diff changeset
2386 XPM format.
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2387
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2388 Here is a list of other properties that are meaningful for all image
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2389 types:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2390
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2391 @table @code
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2392 @item :ascent @var{ascent}
29151
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2393 The @code{:ascent} property specifies the amount of the image's
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2394 height to use for its ascent---that is, the part above the baseline.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2395 The value, @var{ascent}, must be a number in the range 0 to 100, or
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2396 the symbol @code{center}.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2397
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2398 If @var{ascent} is a number, that percentage of the image's height is
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2399 used for its ascent.
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2400
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2401 If @var{ascent} is @code{center}, the image is vertically centered
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2402 around a centerline which would be the vertical centerline of text drawn
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2403 at the position of the image, in the manner specified by the text
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2404 properties and overlays that apply to the image.
fa8f476affa7 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2405
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29102
diff changeset
2406 If this property is omitted, it defaults to 50.
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2407
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2408 @item :margin @var{margin}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2409 The @code{:margin} property specifies how many pixels to add as an extra
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2410 margin around the image. The value, @var{margin}, must be a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2411 non-negative number; if it is not specified, the default is zero.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2412
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2413 @item :relief @var{relief}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2414 The @code{:relief} property, if non-@code{nil}, adds a shadow rectangle
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2415 around the image. The value, @var{relief}, specifies the width of the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2416 shadow lines, in pixels. If @var{relief} is negative, shadows are drawn
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2417 so that the image appears as a pressed button; otherwise, it appears as
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2418 an unpressed button.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2419
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2420 @item :algorithm @var{algorithm}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2421 The @code{:algorithm} property, if non-@code{nil}, specifies a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2422 conversion algorithm that should be applied to the image before it is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2423 displayed; the value, @var{algorithm}, specifies which algorithm.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2424
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2425 Currently, the only meaningful value for @var{algorithm} (aside from
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2426 @code{nil}) is @code{laplace}; this applies the Laplace edge detection
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2427 algorithm, which blurs out small differences in color while highlighting
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2428 larger differences. People sometimes consider this useful for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2429 displaying the image for a ``disabled'' button.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2430
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2431 @item :heuristic-mask @var{transparent-color}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2432 The @code{:heuristic-mask} property, if non-@code{nil}, specifies that a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2433 certain color in the image should be transparent. Each pixel where this
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2434 color appears will actually allow the frame's background to show
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2435 through.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2436
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2437 If @var{transparent-color} is @code{t}, then determine the transparent
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2438 color by looking at the four corners of the image. This uses the color
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2439 that occurs most frequently near the corners as the transparent color.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2440
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2441 Otherwise, @var{heuristic-mask} should specify the transparent color
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2442 directly, as a list of three integers in the form @code{(@var{red}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2443 @var{green} @var{blue})}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2444
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2445 @item :file @var{file}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2446 The @code{:file} property specifies to load the image from file
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2447 @var{file}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, it is expanded
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2448 in @code{data-directory}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2449
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2450 @item :data @var{data}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2451 The @code{:data} property specifies the actual contents of the image.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2452 Each image must use either @code{:data} or @code{:file}, but not both.
27093
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2453 For most image types, the value of the @code{:data} property should be a
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2454 string containing the image data; we recommend using a unibyte string.
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2455
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2456 Before using @code{:data}, look for further information in the section
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2457 below describing the specific image format. For some image types,
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2458 @code{:data} may not be supported; for some, it allows other data types;
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2459 for some, @code{:data} alone is not enough, so you need to use other
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2460 image properties along with @code{:data}.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2461 @end table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2462
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2463 @node XBM Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2464 @subsection XBM Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2465 @cindex XBM
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2466
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2467 To use XBM format, specify @code{xbm} as the image type. This image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2468 format doesn't require an external library, so images of this type are
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2469 always supported.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2470
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2471 Additional image properties supported for the @code{xbm} image type are:
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2472
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2473 @table @code
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2474 @item :foreground @var{foreground}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2475 The value, @var{foreground}, should be a string specifying the image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2476 foreground color. This color is used for each pixel in the XBM that is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2477 1. The default is the frame's foreground color.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2478
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2479 @item :background @var{background}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2480 The value, @var{background}, should be a string specifying the image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2481 background color. This color is used for each pixel in the XBM that is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2482 0. The default is the frame's background color.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2483 @end table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2484
27093
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2485 If you specify an XBM image using data within Emacs instead of an
28792
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2486 external file, use the following three properties:
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2487
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2488 @table @code
28792
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2489 @item :data @var{data}
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2490 The value, @var{data}, specifies the contents of the image.
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2491 There are three formats you can use for @var{data}:
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2492
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2493 @itemize @bullet
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2494 @item
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2495 A vector of strings or bool-vectors, each specifying one line of the
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2496 image. Do specify @code{:height} and @code{:width}.
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2497
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2498 @item
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2499 A string containing the same byte sequence as an XBM file would contain.
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2500 You must not specify @code{:height} and @code{:width} in this case,
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2501 because omitting them is what indicates the data has the format of an
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2502 XBM file. The file contents specify the height and width of the image.
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2503
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2504 @item
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2505 A string or a bool-vector containing the bits of the image (plus perhaps
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2506 some extra bits at the end that will not be used). It should contain at
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2507 least @var{width} * @code{height} bits. In this case, you must specify
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2508 @code{:height} and @code{:width}, both to indicate that the string
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2509 contains just the bits rather than a whole XBM file, and to specify the
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2510 size of the image.
f870c858cfdf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2511 @end itemize
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2512
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2513 @item :width @var{width}
28792
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2514 The value, @var{width}, specifies the width of the image, in pixels.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2515
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2516 @item :height @var{height}
28792
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28770
diff changeset
2517 The value, @var{height}, specifies the height of the image, in pixels.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2518 @end table
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2519
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2520 @node XPM Images
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2521 @subsection XPM Images
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2522 @cindex XPM
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2523
27093
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2524 To use XPM format, specify @code{xpm} as the image type. The
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2525 additional image property @code{:color-symbols} is also meaningful with
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2526 the @code{xpm} image type:
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2527
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2528 @table @code
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2529 @item :color-symbols @var{symbols}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2530 The value, @var{symbols}, should be an alist whose elements have the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2531 form @code{(@var{name} . @var{color})}. In each element, @var{name} is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2532 the name of a color as it appears in the image file, and @var{color}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2533 specifies the actual color to use for displaying that name.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2534 @end table
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2535
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2536 @node GIF Images
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2537 @subsection GIF Images
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2538 @cindex GIF
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2539
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2540 For GIF images, specify image type @code{gif}. Because of the patents
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2541 in the US covering the LZW algorithm, the continued use of GIF format is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2542 a problem for the whole Internet; to end this problem, it is a good idea
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2543 for everyone, even outside the US, to stop using GIFS right away
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2544 (@uref{http://www.burnallgifs.org/}). But if you still want to use
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2545 them, Emacs can display them.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2546
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2547 @table @code
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2548 @item :index @var{index}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2549 You can use @code{:index} to specify one image from a GIF file that
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2550 contains more than one image. This property specifies use of image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2551 number @var{index} from the file. An error is signaled if the GIF file
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2552 doesn't contain an image with index @var{index}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2553 @end table
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2554
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2555 @ignore
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2556 This could be used to implement limited support for animated GIFs.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2557 For example, the following function displays a multi-image GIF file
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2558 at point-min in the current buffer, switching between sub-images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2559 every 0.1 seconds.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2560
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2561 (defun show-anim (file max)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2562 "Display multi-image GIF file FILE which contains MAX subimages."
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2563 (display-anim (current-buffer) file 0 max t))
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2564
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2565 (defun display-anim (buffer file idx max first-time)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2566 (when (= idx max)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2567 (setq idx 0))
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2568 (let ((img (create-image file nil :image idx)))
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2569 (save-excursion
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2570 (set-buffer buffer)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2571 (goto-char (point-min))
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2572 (unless first-time (delete-char 1))
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2573 (insert-image img))
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2574 (run-with-timer 0.1 nil 'display-anim buffer file (1+ idx) max nil)))
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2575 @end ignore
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2576
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2577 @node Postscript Images
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2578 @subsection Postscript Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2579 @cindex Postscript images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2580
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2581 To use Postscript for an image, specify image type @code{postscript}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2582 This works only if you have Ghostscript installed. You must always use
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2583 these three properties:
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2584
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2585 @table @code
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2586 @item :pt-width @var{width}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2587 The value, @var{width}, specifies the width of the image measured in
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2588 points (1/72 inch). @var{width} must be an integer.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2589
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2590 @item :pt-height @var{height}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2591 The value, @var{height}, specifies the height of the image in points
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2592 (1/72 inch). @var{height} must be an integer.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2593
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2594 @item :bounding-box @var{box}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2595 The value, @var{box}, must be a list or vector of four integers, which
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2596 specifying the bounding box of the Postscript image, analogous to the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2597 @samp{BoundingBox} comment found in Postscript files.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2598
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2599 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2600 %%BoundingBox: 22 171 567 738
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2601 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2602 @end table
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2603
27093
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2604 Displaying Postscript images from Lisp data is not currently
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2605 implemented, but it may be implemented by the time you read this.
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2606 See the @file{etc/NEWS} file to make sure.
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2607
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2608 @node Other Image Types
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2609 @subsection Other Image Types
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2610 @cindex PBM
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2611
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2612 For PBM images, specify image type @code{pbm}. Color, gray-scale and
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2613 monochromatic images are supported.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2614
27093
4b1a67a46d8c *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 26986
diff changeset
2615 For JPEG images, specify image type @code{jpeg}.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2616
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2617 For TIFF images, specify image type @code{tiff}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2618
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2619 For PNG images, specify image type @code{png}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2620
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2621 @node Defining Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2622 @subsection Defining Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2623
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2624 The functions @code{create-image} and @code{defimage} provide
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2625 convenient ways to create image descriptors.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2626
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2627 @defun create-image file &optional type &rest props
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2628 @tindex create-image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2629 This function creates and returns an image descriptor which uses the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2630 data in @var{file}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2631
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2632 The optional argument @var{type} is a symbol specifying the image type.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2633 If @var{type} is omitted or @code{nil}, @code{create-image} tries to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2634 determine the image type from the file's first few bytes, or else
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2635 from the file's name.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2636
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2637 The remaining arguments, @var{props}, specify additional image
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2638 properties---for example,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2639
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2640 @example
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2641 (create-image "foo.xpm" 'xpm :heuristic-mask t)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2642 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2643
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2644 The function returns @code{nil} if images of this type are not
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2645 supported. Otherwise it returns an image descriptor.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2646 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2647
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2648 @defmac defimage variable doc &rest specs
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2649 @tindex defimage
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2650 This macro defines @var{variable} as an image name. The second argument,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2651 @var{doc}, is an optional documentation string. The remaining
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2652 arguments, @var{specs}, specify alternative ways to display the image.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2653
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2654 Each argument in @var{specs} has the form of a property list, and each
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2655 one should specify at least the @code{:type} property and the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2656 @code{:file} property. Here is an example:
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2657
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2658 @example
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2659 (defimage test-image
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2660 '((:type xpm :file "~/test1.xpm")
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2661 (:type xbm :file "~/test1.xbm")))
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2662 @end example
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2663
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2664 @code{defimage} tests each argument, one by one, to see if it is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2665 usable---that is, if the type is supported and the file exists. The
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2666 first usable argument is used to make an image descriptor which is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2667 stored in the variable @var{variable}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2668
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2669 If none of the alternatives will work, then @var{variable} is defined
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2670 as @code{nil}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2671 @end defmac
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2672
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2673 @node Showing Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2674 @subsection Showing Images
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2675
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2676 You can use an image descriptor by setting up the @code{display}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2677 property yourself, but it is easier to use the functions in this
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2678 section.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2679
29471
215b57502518 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29151
diff changeset
2680 @defun insert-image image &optional string area
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2681 This function inserts @var{image} in the current buffer at point. The
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2682 value @var{image} should be an image descriptor; it could be a value
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2683 returned by @code{create-image}, or the value of a symbol defined with
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2684 @code{defimage}. The argument @var{string} specifies the text to put in
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2685 the buffer to hold the image.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2686
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2687 The argument @var{area} specifies whether to put the image in a margin.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2688 If it is @code{left-margin}, the image appears in the left margin;
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2689 @code{right-margin} specifies the right margin. If @var{area} is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2690 @code{nil} or omitted, the image is displayed at point within the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2691 buffer's text.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2692
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2693 Internally, this function inserts @var{string} in the buffer, and gives
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2694 it a @code{display} property which specifies @var{image}. @xref{Display
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2695 Property}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2696 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2697
29471
215b57502518 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29151
diff changeset
2698 @defun put-image image pos &optional string area
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2699 This function puts image @var{image} in front of @var{pos} in the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2700 current buffer. The argument @var{pos} should be an integer or a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2701 marker. It specifies the buffer position where the image should appear.
29471
215b57502518 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29151
diff changeset
2702 The argument @var{string} specifies the text that should hold the image
215b57502518 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29151
diff changeset
2703 as an alternative to the default.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2704
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2705 The argument @var{image} must be an image descriptor, perhaps returned
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2706 by @code{create-image} or stored by @code{defimage}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2707
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2708 The argument @var{area} specifies whether to put the image in a margin.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2709 If it is @code{left-margin}, the image appears in the left margin;
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2710 @code{right-margin} specifies the right margin. If @var{area} is
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2711 @code{nil} or omitted, the image is displayed at point within the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2712 buffer's text.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2713
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2714 Internally, this function creates an overlay, and gives it a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2715 @code{before-string} property containing text that has a @code{display}
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2716 property whose value is the image. (Whew!)
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2717 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2718
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2719 @defun remove-images start end &optional buffer
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2720 This function removes images in @var{buffer} between positions
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2721 @var{start} and @var{end}. If @var{buffer} is omitted or @code{nil},
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2722 images are removed from the current buffer.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2723
27331
be0a552c8320 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27193
diff changeset
2724 This removes only images that were put into @var{buffer} the way
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2725 @code{put-image} does it, not images that were inserted with
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2726 @code{insert-image} or in other ways.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2727 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2728
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2729 @node Image Cache
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2730 @subsection Image Cache
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2731
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2732 Emacs stores images in an image cache when it displays them, so it can
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2733 display them again more efficiently. It removes an image from the cache
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2734 when it hasn't been displayed for a specified period of time.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2735
28770
313b9e6e2dbf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27971
diff changeset
2736 When an image is looked up in the cache, its specification is compared
313b9e6e2dbf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27971
diff changeset
2737 with cached image specifications using @code{equal}. This means that
313b9e6e2dbf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27971
diff changeset
2738 all images with equal specifications share the same image in the cache.
313b9e6e2dbf *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27971
diff changeset
2739
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2740 @defvar image-cache-eviction-delay
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2741 @tindex image-cache-eviction-delay
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2742 This variable specifies the number of seconds an image can remain in the
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2743 cache without being displayed. When an image is not displayed for this
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2744 length of time, Emacs removes it from the image cache.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2745
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2746 If the value is @code{nil}, Emacs does not remove images from the cache
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2747 except when you explicitly clear it. This mode can be useful for
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2748 debugging.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2749 @end defvar
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2750
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2751 @defun clear-image-cache &optional frame
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2752 @tindex clear-image-cache
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2753 This function clears the image cache. If @var{frame} is non-@code{nil},
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2754 only the cache for that frame is cleared. Otherwise all frames' caches
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2755 are cleared.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2756 @end defun
27447
ef387684dc33 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27374
diff changeset
2757
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2758 @node Blinking
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2759 @section Blinking Parentheses
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2760 @cindex parenthesis matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2761 @cindex blinking
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2762 @cindex balancing parentheses
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2763 @cindex close parenthesis
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2764
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2765 This section describes the mechanism by which Emacs shows a matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2766 open parenthesis when the user inserts a close parenthesis.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2767
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2768 @defvar blink-paren-function
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2769 The value of this variable should be a function (of no arguments) to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2770 be called whenever a character with close parenthesis syntax is inserted.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2771 The value of @code{blink-paren-function} may be @code{nil}, in which
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2772 case nothing is done.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2773 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2774
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2775 @defopt blink-matching-paren
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2776 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{blink-matching-open} does
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2777 nothing.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2778 @end defopt
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2779
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2780 @defopt blink-matching-paren-distance
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2781 This variable specifies the maximum distance to scan for a matching
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2782 parenthesis before giving up.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2783 @end defopt
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2784
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2785 @defopt blink-matching-delay
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2786 This variable specifies the number of seconds for the cursor to remain
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2787 at the matching parenthesis. A fraction of a second often gives
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2788 good results, but the default is 1, which works on all systems.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2789 @end defopt
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
2790
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2791 @deffn Command blink-matching-open
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2792 This function is the default value of @code{blink-paren-function}. It
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2793 assumes that point follows a character with close parenthesis syntax and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2794 moves the cursor momentarily to the matching opening character. If that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2795 character is not already on the screen, it displays the character's
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2796 context in the echo area. To avoid long delays, this function does not
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2797 search farther than @code{blink-matching-paren-distance} characters.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2798
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2799 Here is an example of calling this function explicitly.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2800
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2801 @smallexample
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2802 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2803 (defun interactive-blink-matching-open ()
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2804 @c Do not break this line! -- rms.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2805 @c The first line of a doc string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2806 @c must stand alone.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2807 "Indicate momentarily the start of sexp before point."
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2808 (interactive)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2809 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2810 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2811 (let ((blink-matching-paren-distance
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2812 (buffer-size))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2813 (blink-matching-paren t))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2814 (blink-matching-open)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2815 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2816 @end smallexample
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
2817 @end deffn
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2818
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2819 @node Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2820 @section Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2821 @cindex Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2822
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2823 @defopt inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2824 @cindex highlighting
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2825 This variable controls whether Emacs uses inverse video for all text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2826 on the screen. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. The
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2827 default is @code{nil}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2828 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2829
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2830 @defopt mode-line-inverse-video
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2831 This variable controls the use of inverse video for mode lines and menu
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2832 bars. If it is non-@code{nil}, then these lines are displayed in
27331
be0a552c8320 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27193
diff changeset
2833 inverse video. Otherwise, these lines are displayed normally, just like
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2834 other text. The default is @code{t}.
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2835
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2836 For window frames, this feature actually applies the face named
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2837 @code{mode-line}; that face is normally set up as the inverse of the
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2838 default face, unless you change it.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2839 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2840
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2841 @node Usual Display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2842 @section Usual Display Conventions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2843
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2844 The usual display conventions define how to display each character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2845 code. You can override these conventions by setting up a display table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2846 (@pxref{Display Tables}). Here are the usual display conventions:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2847
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2848 @itemize @bullet
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2849 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2850 Character codes 32 through 126 map to glyph codes 32 through 126.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2851 Normally this means they display as themselves.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2852
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2853 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2854 Character code 9 is a horizontal tab. It displays as whitespace
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2855 up to a position determined by @code{tab-width}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2856
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2857 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2858 Character code 10 is a newline.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2859
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2860 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2861 All other codes in the range 0 through 31, and code 127, display in one
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
2862 of two ways according to the value of @code{ctl-arrow}. If it is
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2863 non-@code{nil}, these codes map to sequences of two glyphs, where the
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2864 first glyph is the @sc{ascii} code for @samp{^}. (A display table can
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2865 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{^}.) Otherwise, these codes map
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2866 just like the codes in the range 128 to 255.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2867
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2868 On MS-DOS terminals, Emacs arranges by default for the character code
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2869 127 to be mapped to the glyph code 127, which normally displays as an
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2870 empty polygon. This glyph is used to display non-@sc{ascii} characters
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2871 that the MS-DOS terminal doesn't support. @xref{MS-DOS and MULE,,,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2872 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2873
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2874 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2875 Character codes 128 through 255 map to sequences of four glyphs, where
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2876 the first glyph is the @sc{ascii} code for @samp{\}, and the others are
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2877 digit characters representing the character code in octal. (A display
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2878 table can specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{\}.)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2879
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2880 @item
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2881 Multibyte character codes above 256 are displayed as themselves, or as a
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2882 question mark or empty box if the terminal cannot display that
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2883 character.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2884 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2885
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2886 The usual display conventions apply even when there is a display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2887 table, for any character whose entry in the active display table is
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2888 @code{nil}. Thus, when you set up a display table, you need only
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2889 specify the characters for which you want special behavior.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2890
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2891 These display rules apply to carriage return (character code 13), when
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2892 it appears in the buffer. But that character may not appear in the
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2893 buffer where you expect it, if it was eliminated as part of end-of-line
25454
80ac191b6d2b *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24951
diff changeset
2894 conversion (@pxref{Coding System Basics}).
24951
7451b1458af1 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22843
diff changeset
2895
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2896 These variables affect the way certain characters are displayed on the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2897 screen. Since they change the number of columns the characters occupy,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2898 they also affect the indentation functions. These variables also affect
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2899 how the mode line is displayed; if you want to force redisplay of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2900 mode line using the new values, call the function
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2901 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}).
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2902
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2903 @defopt ctl-arrow
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2904 @cindex control characters in display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2905 This buffer-local variable controls how control characters are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2906 displayed. If it is non-@code{nil}, they are displayed as a caret
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2907 followed by the character: @samp{^A}. If it is @code{nil}, they are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2908 displayed as a backslash followed by three octal digits: @samp{\001}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2909 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2910
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2911 @c Following may have overfull hbox.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2912 @defvar default-ctl-arrow
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2913 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{ctl-arrow} in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2914 buffers that do not override it. @xref{Default Value}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2915 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2916
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2917 @defopt indicate-empty-lines
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2918 @tindex indicate-empty-lines
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2919 When this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays a special glyph in
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2920 each empty line at the end of the buffer, on terminals that
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2921 support it (window systems).
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2922 @end defopt
ef5e7bbe6f19 Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26400
diff changeset
2923
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2924 @defopt tab-width
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2925 The value of this variable is the spacing between tab stops used for
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2926 displaying tab characters in Emacs buffers. The value is in units of
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2927 columns, and the default is 8. Note that this feature is completely
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2928 independent of the user-settable tab stops used by the command
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
2929 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. @xref{Indent Tabs}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2930 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2931
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2932 @node Display Tables
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2933 @section Display Tables
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2934
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2935 @cindex display table
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2936 You can use the @dfn{display table} feature to control how all possible
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2937 character codes display on the screen. This is useful for displaying
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2938 European languages that have letters not in the @sc{ascii} character
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2939 set.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2940
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2941 The display table maps each character code into a sequence of
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2942 @dfn{glyphs}, each glyph being a graphic that takes up one character
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2943 position on the screen. You can also define how to display each glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2944 on your terminal, using the @dfn{glyph table}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2945
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2946 Display tables affect how the mode line is displayed; if you want to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2947 force redisplay of the mode line using a new display table, call
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2948 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}).
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2949
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2950 @menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2951 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2952 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2953 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2954 @end menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2955
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2956 @node Display Table Format
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2957 @subsection Display Table Format
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2958
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2959 A display table is actually a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}) with
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
2960 @code{display-table} as its subtype.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2961
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2962 @defun make-display-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2963 This creates and returns a display table. The table initially has
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2964 @code{nil} in all elements.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2965 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2966
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2967 The ordinary elements of the display table are indexed by character
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2968 codes; the element at index @var{c} says how to display the character
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2969 code @var{c}. The value should be @code{nil} or a vector of glyph
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2970 values (@pxref{Glyphs}). If an element is @code{nil}, it says to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2971 display that character according to the usual display conventions
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2972 (@pxref{Usual Display}).
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
2973
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
2974 If you use the display table to change the display of newline
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
2975 characters, the whole buffer will be displayed as one long ``line.''
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2976
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2977 The display table also has six ``extra slots'' which serve special
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2978 purposes. Here is a table of their meanings; @code{nil} in any slot
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
2979 means to use the default for that slot, as stated below.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2980
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2981 @table @asis
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2982 @item 0
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2983 The glyph for the end of a truncated screen line (the default for this
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2984 is @samp{$}). @xref{Glyphs}. Newer Emacs versions, on some platforms,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2985 display arrows to indicate truncation---the display table has no effect
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2986 in these situations.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2987 @item 1
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2988 The glyph for the end of a continued line (the default is @samp{\}).
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2989 Newer Emacs versions, on some platforms, display curved arrows to
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2990 indicate truncation---the display table has no effect in these
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
2991 situations.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2992 @item 2
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2993 The glyph for indicating a character displayed as an octal character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2994 code (the default is @samp{\}).
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2995 @item 3
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2996 The glyph for indicating a control character (the default is @samp{^}).
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
2997 @item 4
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2998 A vector of glyphs for indicating the presence of invisible lines (the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2999 default is @samp{...}). @xref{Selective Display}.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3000 @item 5
8925
b05788fd41f0 *** empty log message ***
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents: 8096
diff changeset
3001 The glyph used to draw the border between side-by-side windows (the
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3002 default is @samp{|}). @xref{Splitting Windows}. This takes effect only
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3003 when there are no scroll bars; if scroll bars are supported and in use,
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3004 a scroll bar separates the two windows.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3005 @end table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3006
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3007 For example, here is how to construct a display table that mimics the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3008 effect of setting @code{ctl-arrow} to a non-@code{nil} value:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3009
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3010 @example
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3011 (setq disptab (make-display-table))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3012 (let ((i 0))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3013 (while (< i 32)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3014 (or (= i ?\t) (= i ?\n)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3015 (aset disptab i (vector ?^ (+ i 64))))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3016 (setq i (1+ i)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3017 (aset disptab 127 (vector ?^ ??)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3018 @end example
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3019
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
3020 @defun display-table-slot display-table slot
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3021 This function returns the value of the extra slot @var{slot} of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3022 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3023 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3024 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3025 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3026 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3027
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
3028 @defun set-display-table-slot display-table slot value
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3029 This function stores @var{value} in the extra slot @var{slot} of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3030 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3031 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3032 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3033 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3034 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3035
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3036 @defun describe-display-table display-table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3037 @tindex describe-display-table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3038 This function displays a description of the display table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3039 @var{display-table} in a help buffer.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3040 @end defun
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3041
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3042 @deffn Command describe-current-display-table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3043 @tindex describe-current-display-table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3044 This command displays a description of the current display table in a
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3045 help buffer.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3046 @end deffn
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3047
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3048 @node Active Display Table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3049 @subsection Active Display Table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3050 @cindex active display table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3051
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3052 Each window can specify a display table, and so can each buffer. When
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3053 a buffer @var{b} is displayed in window @var{w}, display uses the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3054 display table for window @var{w} if it has one; otherwise, the display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3055 table for buffer @var{b} if it has one; otherwise, the standard display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3056 table if any. The display table chosen is called the @dfn{active}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3057 display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3058
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3059 @defun window-display-table window
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3060 This function returns @var{window}'s display table, or @code{nil}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3061 if @var{window} does not have an assigned display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3062 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3063
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3064 @defun set-window-display-table window table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3065 This function sets the display table of @var{window} to @var{table}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3066 The argument @var{table} should be either a display table or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3067 @code{nil}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3068 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3069
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3070 @defvar buffer-display-table
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3071 This variable is automatically buffer-local in all buffers; its value in
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3072 a particular buffer specifies the display table for that buffer. If it
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3073 is @code{nil}, that means the buffer does not have an assigned display
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3074 table.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3075 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3076
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3077 @defvar standard-display-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3078 This variable's value is the default display table, used whenever a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3079 window has no display table and neither does the buffer displayed in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3080 that window. This variable is @code{nil} by default.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3081 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3082
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3083 If there is no display table to use for a particular window---that is,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3084 if the window specifies none, its buffer specifies none, and
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3085 @code{standard-display-table} is @code{nil}---then Emacs uses the usual
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3086 display conventions for all character codes in that window. @xref{Usual
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3087 Display}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3088
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3089 A number of functions for changing the standard display table
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3090 are defined in the library @file{disp-table}.
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 25454
diff changeset
3091
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3092 @node Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3093 @subsection Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3094
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3095 @cindex glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3096 A @dfn{glyph} is a generalization of a character; it stands for an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3097 image that takes up a single character position on the screen. Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3098 are represented in Lisp as integers, just as characters are.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3099
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3100 @cindex glyph table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3101 The meaning of each integer, as a glyph, is defined by the glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3102 table, which is the value of the variable @code{glyph-table}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3103
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3104 @defvar glyph-table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3105 The value of this variable is the current glyph table. It should be a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3106 vector; the @var{g}th element defines glyph code @var{g}. If the value
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3107 is @code{nil} instead of a vector, then all glyphs are simple (see
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3108 below).
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3109 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3110
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3111 Here are the possible types of elements in the glyph table:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3112
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
3113 @table @asis
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
3114 @item @var{string}
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3115 Send the characters in @var{string} to the terminal to output
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3116 this glyph. This alternative is available on character terminals,
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3117 but not under a window system.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3118
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
3119 @item @var{integer}
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3120 Define this glyph code as an alias for glyph code @var{integer}. You
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3121 can use an alias to specify a face code for the glyph; see below.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3122
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3123 @item @code{nil}
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3124 This glyph is simple. On an ordinary terminal, the glyph code mod
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3125 524288 is the character to output. In a window system, the glyph code
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3126 mod 524288 is the character to output, and the glyph code divided by
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
3127 524288 specifies the face number (@pxref{Face Functions}) to use while
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
3128 outputting it. (524288 is
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
3129 @ifnottex
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
3130 2**19.)
27193
89afca54a135 @ifinto -> @ifnottex.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
3131 @end ifnottex
21007
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diff changeset
3132 @tex
21682
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3133 $2^{19}$.)
21007
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3134 @end tex
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3135 @xref{Faces}.
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3136 @end table
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parents:
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3137
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parents:
diff changeset
3138 If a glyph code is greater than or equal to the length of the glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3139 table, that code is automatically simple.
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parents:
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3140
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3141 @defun create-glyph string
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
3142 @tindex create-glyph
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diff changeset
3143 This function returns a newly-allocated glyph code which is set up to
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
3144 display by sending @var{string} to the terminal.
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
3145 @end defun
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3146
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3147 @node Beeping
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parents:
diff changeset
3148 @section Beeping
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parents:
diff changeset
3149 @cindex beeping
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parents:
diff changeset
3150 @cindex bell
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3151
21007
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3152 This section describes how to make Emacs ring the bell (or blink the
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3153 screen) to attract the user's attention. Be conservative about how
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3154 often you do this; frequent bells can become irritating. Also be
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3155 careful not to use just beeping when signaling an error is more
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diff changeset
3156 appropriate. (@xref{Errors}.)
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parents:
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3157
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
3158 @defun ding &optional do-not-terminate
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
3159 @cindex keyboard macro termination
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3160 This function beeps, or flashes the screen (see @code{visible-bell} below).
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3161 It also terminates any keyboard macro currently executing unless
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
3162 @var{do-not-terminate} is non-@code{nil}.
6598
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3163 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
3164
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
3165 @defun beep &optional do-not-terminate
6598
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parents:
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3166 This is a synonym for @code{ding}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3167 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3168
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3169 @defopt visible-bell
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parents:
diff changeset
3170 This variable determines whether Emacs should flash the screen to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3171 represent a bell. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. This
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
3172 is effective on a window system, and on a character-only terminal
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3173 provided the terminal's Termcap entry defines the visible bell
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
3174 capability (@samp{vb}).
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3175 @end defopt
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
3176
22138
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parents: 21682
diff changeset
3177 @defvar ring-bell-function
21007
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3178 If this is non-@code{nil}, it specifies how Emacs should ``ring the
25875
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parents: 25809
diff changeset
3179 bell.'' Its value should be a function of no arguments. If this is
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
3180 non-@code{nil}, it takes precedence over the @code{visible-bell}
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Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
3181 variable.
21007
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3182 @end defvar
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3183
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parents:
diff changeset
3184 @node Window Systems
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3185 @section Window Systems
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3186
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3187 Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3188 System. Both Emacs and X use the term ``window'', but use it
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3189 differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3190 concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3191
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
3192 @defvar window-system
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3193 This variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is running
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3194 under. The possible values are
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3195
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3196 @table @code
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3197 @item x
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
3198 @cindex X Window System
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3199 Emacs is displaying using X.
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3200 @item pc
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
3201 Emacs is displaying using MS-DOS.
22252
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3202 @item w32
27332
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parents: 27331
diff changeset
3203 Emacs is displaying using Windows.
25751
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
3204 @item mac
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parents: 25454
diff changeset
3205 Emacs is displaying using a Macintosh.
22252
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3206 @item nil
40089afa2b1d *** empty log message ***
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3207 Emacs is using a character-based terminal.
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parents: 22138
diff changeset
3208 @end table
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3209 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3210
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3211 @defvar window-setup-hook
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
3212 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after handling the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
3213 initialization files. Emacs runs this hook after it has completed
25875
6a17c48b52ef *** empty log message ***
Phillip Rulon <pjr@gnu.org>
parents: 25809
diff changeset
3214 loading your init file, the default initialization file (if
22138
d4ac295a98b3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21682
diff changeset
3215 any), and the terminal-specific Lisp code, and running the hook
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3216 @code{term-setup-hook}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3217
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
3218 This hook is used for internal purposes: setting up communication with
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3219 the window system, and creating the initial window. Users should not
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3220 interfere with it.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3221 @end defvar