Mercurial > emacs
annotate INSTALL @ 112111:4e3dc3aca537
* lisp/textmodes/rst.el (rst-compile-pdf-preview)
(rst-compile-slides-preview): Remove extra line.
author | Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> |
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date | Tue, 04 Jan 2011 11:09:13 +0100 |
parents | ced73eea562f |
children | 417b1e4d63cd c428fb33aede |
rev | line source |
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1 GNU Emacs Installation Guide |
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2 Copyright (C) 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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3 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 |
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4 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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5 See the end of the file for license conditions. |
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6 |
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7 |
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8 This file contains general information on building GNU Emacs. |
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9 For more information specific to the MS-Windows, GNUstep/Mac OS X, and |
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10 MS-DOS ports, also read the files nt/INSTALL, nextstep/INSTALL, and |
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11 msdos/INSTALL. For information about building from a Bazaar checkout |
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12 (rather than a release), also read the file INSTALL.BZR. |
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13 |
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14 |
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15 BASIC INSTALLATION |
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16 |
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17 On most Unix systems, you build Emacs by first running the `configure' |
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18 shell script. This attempts to deduce the correct values for |
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19 various system-dependent variables and features, and find the |
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20 directories where certain system headers and libraries are kept. |
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21 In a few cases, you may need to explicitly tell configure where to |
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22 find some things, or what options to use. |
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23 |
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24 `configure' creates a `Makefile' in several subdirectories, and a |
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25 `src/config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions. |
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26 Running the `make' utility then builds the package for your system. |
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27 |
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28 Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which |
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29 are supported by it. In some cases, if the simplified procedure fails, |
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30 you might need to use various non-default options, and maybe perform |
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31 some of the steps manually. The more detailed description in the other |
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32 sections of this guide will help you do that, so please refer to those |
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33 sections if you need to. |
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34 |
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35 1. Unpacking the Emacs 23.2 release requires about 170 MB of free |
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36 disk space. Building Emacs uses about another 60 MB of space. |
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37 The final installed Emacs uses about 120 MB of disk space. |
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38 This includes the space-saving that comes from automatically |
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39 compressing the Lisp source files on installation. |
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40 |
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41 2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the |
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42 `configure' script: |
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43 |
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44 ./configure |
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45 |
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46 2b. Alternatively, create a separate directory, outside the source |
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47 directory, where you want to build Emacs, and invoke `configure' |
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48 from there: |
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49 |
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50 SOURCE-DIR/configure |
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51 |
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52 where SOURCE-DIR is the top-level Emacs source directory. |
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53 This may not work unless you use GNU make. |
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54 |
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55 3. When `configure' finishes, it prints several lines of details |
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56 about the system configuration. Read those details carefully |
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57 looking for anything suspicious, such as wrong CPU and operating |
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58 system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing |
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59 libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc. |
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60 |
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61 If you find anything wrong, you may have to pass to `configure' |
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62 one or more options specifying the explicit machine configuration |
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63 name, where to find various headers and libraries, etc. |
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64 Refer to the section DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION below. |
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65 |
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66 If `configure' didn't find some (optional) image support libraries, |
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67 such as Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them, refer to the |
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68 subsection "Image support libraries" below. |
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69 |
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70 If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to |
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71 you, but there are no obvious errors, assume that `configure' did |
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72 its job and proceed. |
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73 |
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74 4. If you need to run the `configure' script more than once (e.g., |
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75 with some non-default options), always clean the source |
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76 directories before running `configure' again: |
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77 |
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78 make distclean |
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79 ./configure |
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80 |
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81 5. Invoke the `make' program: |
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82 |
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83 make |
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84 |
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85 6. If `make' succeeds, it will build an executable program `emacs' |
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86 in the `src' directory. You can try this program, to make sure |
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87 it works: |
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88 |
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89 src/emacs -Q |
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90 |
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91 7. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its |
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92 opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary |
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93 files into their installation directories: |
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94 |
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95 make install |
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96 |
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97 You are now ready to use Emacs. If you wish to conserve disk space, |
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98 you may remove the program binaries and object files from the |
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99 directory where you built Emacs: |
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100 |
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101 make clean |
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102 |
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103 You can delete the entire build directory if you do not plan to |
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104 build Emacs again, but it can be useful to keep for debugging. |
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105 |
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106 Note that the install automatically saves space by compressing |
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107 (provided you have the `gzip' program) those installed Lisp source (.el) |
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108 files that have corresponding .elc versions, as well as the Info files. |
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109 |
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110 |
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111 ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES |
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112 |
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113 * Complex Text Layout support libraries |
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114 |
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115 Emacs needs the optional libraries "m17n-db", "libm17n-flt", "libotf" |
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116 to correctly display such complex scripts as Indic and Khmer. |
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117 On some systems, particularly GNU/Linux, these libraries may be |
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118 already present or available as additional packages. Note that if |
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119 there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation |
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120 time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the |
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121 corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will contain |
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122 header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can download and |
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123 build libraries from sources. |
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124 |
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125 The sources of these libraries are available by anonymous CVS from |
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126 cvs.m17n.org. |
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127 |
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128 % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n login |
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129 % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co m17n-db |
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130 % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co m17n-lib |
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131 % cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.m17n.org:/cvs/m17n co libotf |
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132 |
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133 For m17n-lib, if you have problems with making the whole package |
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134 because you lack some other packages on which m17n-lib depends, try to |
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135 configure it with the option "--without-gui". |
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136 |
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137 * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz |
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138 |
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139 The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts in various encodings |
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140 that Emacs can use to display international characters. If you see a |
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141 non-ASCII character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have |
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142 a font for it. You might find one in the intlfonts distribution. If |
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143 you do have a font for a non-ASCII character, but some characters |
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144 don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font from the |
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145 intlfonts distribution might look better. |
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146 |
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147 The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print |
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148 package for printing international characters. The file |
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149 lisp/ps-mule.el defines the *.bdf font files required for printing |
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150 each character set. |
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151 |
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152 The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions, |
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153 in the intlfonts/README file. |
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154 |
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155 * Image support libraries |
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156 |
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157 Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the |
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158 exception of PBM and XBM images whose support is built-in). |
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159 |
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160 On some systems, particularly on GNU/Linux, these libraries may |
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161 already be present or available as additional packages. Note that if |
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162 there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation |
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163 time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the |
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164 corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will |
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165 contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can |
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166 download and build libraries from sources. None of them are vital for |
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167 running Emacs; however, note that Emacs will not be able to use |
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168 colored icons in the toolbar if XPM support is not compiled in. |
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169 |
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170 Here's the list of some of these optional libraries, and the URLs |
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171 where they can be found (in the unlikely event that your distribution |
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172 does not provide them): |
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173 |
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174 . libXaw3d http://directory.fsf.org/project/xaw3d/ |
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175 . libxpm for XPM: http://www.x.org/releases/current/src/lib/ |
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176 . libpng for PNG: http://www.libpng.org/ |
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177 . libz (for PNG): http://www.zlib.net/ |
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178 . libjpeg for JPEG: http://www.ijg.org/ |
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179 . libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/ |
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180 . libgif for GIF: http://sourceforge.net/projects/giflib/ |
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181 |
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182 Emacs will configure itself to build with these libraries if the |
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183 `configure' script finds them on your system, unless you supply the |
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184 appropriate --without-LIB option. In some cases, older versions of |
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185 these libraries won't work because some routines are missing, and |
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186 configure should avoid such old versions. If that happens, use the |
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187 --without-LIB options to `configure', if you need to. |
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188 |
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189 * Extra fonts |
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190 |
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191 The Emacs distribution does not include fonts and does not install |
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192 them. |
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193 |
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194 On the GNU system, Emacs supports both X fonts and local fonts |
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195 (i.e. fonts managed by the fontconfig library). If you need more |
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196 fonts than your distribution normally provides, you must install them |
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197 yourself. See <URL:http://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/> for a large |
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198 number of free Unicode fonts. |
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199 |
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200 * GNU/Linux development packages |
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201 |
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202 Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by default; |
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203 they include the files that you need to run Emacs, but not those you |
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204 need to compile it. For example, to compile Emacs with support for X |
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205 and graphics libraries, you may need to install the `X development' |
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206 package(s), and development versions of the jpeg, png, etc. packages. |
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207 |
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208 The names of the packages that you need varies according to the |
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209 GNU/Linux distribution that you use, and the options that you want to |
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210 configure Emacs with. On Debian-based systems, you can install all the |
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211 packages needed to build the installed version of Emacs with a command |
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212 like `apt-get build-dep emacs23'. |
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213 |
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214 |
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215 DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION: |
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216 |
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217 (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MS-DOS and MS Windows 3.X, |
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218 see msdos/INSTALL. For later versions of MS Windows, see the file |
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219 nt/INSTALL. For GNUstep and Mac OS X, see nextstep/INSTALL.) |
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220 |
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221 1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle |
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222 a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at |
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223 least 2.8 MB and can reach 100 MB or more. If the swapping space is |
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224 insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l |
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225 loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when |
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226 running the final dumped Emacs. (This should not be an issue |
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227 on any recent system.) |
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228 |
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229 Building Emacs requires about 230 MB of disk space (including the |
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230 Emacs sources). Once installed, Emacs occupies about 120 MB in the file |
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231 system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp |
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232 libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If |
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233 the building and installation take place in different directories, |
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234 then the installation procedure momentarily requires 230+120 MB. |
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235 |
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236 2) In the unlikely event that `configure' does not detect your system |
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237 type correctly, consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what --host, --build |
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238 options you should pass to `configure'. That file also offers hints |
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239 for getting around some possible installation problems. |
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240 |
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241 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory |
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242 or in a separate directory. |
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243 |
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244 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that |
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245 directory and run the program `configure' as follows: |
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246 |
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247 ./configure [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
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248 |
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249 If `configure' cannot determine your system type, try again |
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250 specifying the proper --build, --host options explicitly. |
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251 |
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252 If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this |
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253 option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your |
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254 system has X, and arrange to use it if present. |
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255 |
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256 The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build |
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257 process where the compiler should look for the include files and |
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258 object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure' |
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259 is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X |
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260 Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also |
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261 accept a list of directories, separated with colons. |
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262 |
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263 To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you |
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264 configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where |
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265 TOOLKIT is `gtk' (the default), `athena', or `motif' (`yes' and |
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266 `lucid' are synonyms for `athena'). On some systems, it does not work |
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267 to use a toolkit with shared libraries. A free implementation of |
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268 Motif, called LessTif, is available from <http://www.lesstif.org>. |
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269 Compiling with LessTif or Motif causes a standard File Selection |
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270 Dialog to pop up when you invoke file commands with the mouse. You |
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271 can get fancy 3D-style scroll bars, even without Gtk or LessTif/Motif, |
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272 if you have the Xaw3d library installed (see "Image support libraries" |
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273 above for Xaw3d availability). |
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274 |
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275 You can tell configure where to search for GTK by specifying |
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276 `--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH' where PATH is the pathname to |
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277 pkg-config. Note that GTK version 2.6 or newer is required for Emacs. |
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278 |
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279 The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from |
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280 a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than |
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281 POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add |
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282 `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3 |
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283 is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by |
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284 individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual. |
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285 |
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286 For image support you may have to download, build, and install the |
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287 appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and |
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288 PBM, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES" above. |
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289 (Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.) |
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290 |
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291 To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason, |
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292 even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one |
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293 or more of these options: |
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294 |
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295 --without-xpm for XPM image support |
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296 --without-jpeg for JPEG image support |
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297 --without-tiff for TIFF image support |
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298 --without-gif for GIF image support |
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299 --without-png for PNG image support |
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300 |
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301 Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable LessTif/Motif or Xaw3d |
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302 scroll bars. |
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303 |
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304 Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods. |
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305 In this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM. |
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306 |
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307 Use --disable-largefile to omit support for files larger than 2GB on |
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308 systems which support that. |
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309 |
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310 Use --without-sound to disable sound support. |
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311 |
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312 The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process |
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313 should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'. |
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314 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin |
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315 (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise). |
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316 - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION |
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317 (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `23.2'). |
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318 - The architecture-dependent files go in |
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319 PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION |
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320 (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like |
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321 i686-pc-linux-gnu), unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise. |
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322 |
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323 The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate |
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324 portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific |
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325 files, like executables and utility programs. If specified, |
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326 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and |
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327 - The architecture-dependent files go in |
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328 EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION. |
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329 EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs. |
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330 |
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331 For example, the command |
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332 |
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333 ./configure --build=i386-linux-gnu --without-sound |
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334 |
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335 configures Emacs to build for a 32-bit GNU/Linux distribution, |
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336 without sound support. |
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337 |
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338 `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation itself. |
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339 It just creates the files that influence those things: |
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340 `./Makefile' in the top-level directory and several subdirectories; |
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341 and `./src/config.h'. For details on exactly what it does, see the |
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342 section called `CONFIGURATION BY HAND', below. |
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343 |
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344 When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and |
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345 creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the |
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346 same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after |
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347 disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure' |
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348 also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests |
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349 to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler |
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350 output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give |
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351 `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the |
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352 tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to |
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353 disable caching, for debugging `configure'. |
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354 |
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355 If the description of the system configuration printed by `configure' |
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356 is not right, or if it claims some of the features or libraries are not |
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357 available when you know they are, look at the `config.log' file for |
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358 the trace of the failed tests performed by `configure' to check |
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359 whether these features are supported. Typically, some test fails |
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360 because the compiler cannot find some function in the system |
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361 libraries, or some macro-processor definition in the system headers. |
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362 |
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363 Some tests might fail because the compiler should look in special |
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364 directories for some header files, or link against optional |
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365 libraries, or use special compilation options. You can force |
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366 `configure' and the build process which follows it to do that by |
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367 setting the variables CPPFLAGS, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS, CPP and CC |
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368 before running `configure'. CPP is the command which invokes the |
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369 preprocessor, CPPFLAGS lists the options passed to it, CFLAGS are |
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370 compilation options, LDFLAGS are options used when linking, LIBS are |
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371 libraries to link against, and CC is the command which invokes the |
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372 compiler. By default, gcc is used if available. |
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373 |
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374 Here's an example of a `configure' invocation, assuming a Bourne-like |
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375 shell such as Bash, which uses these variables: |
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376 |
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377 CPPFLAGS='-I/foo/myinclude' LDFLAGS='-L/bar/mylib' \ |
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378 CFLAGS='-O3' LIBS='-lfoo -lbar' ./configure |
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379 |
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380 (this is all one long line). This tells `configure' to instruct the |
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381 preprocessor to look in the `/foo/myinclude' directory for header |
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382 files (in addition to the standard directories), instruct the linker |
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383 to look in `/bar/mylib' for libraries, pass the -O3 optimization |
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384 switch to the compiler, and link against libfoo and libbar |
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385 libraries in addition to the standard ones. |
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386 |
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387 For some libraries, like Gtk+, fontconfig and ALSA, `configure' uses |
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388 pkg-config to find where those libraries are installed. |
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389 If you want pkg-config to look in special directories, you have to set |
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390 the environment variable PKG_CONFIG_PATH to point to the directories |
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391 where the .pc-files for those libraries are. |
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392 For example: |
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393 |
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394 PKG_CONFIG_PATH='/usr/local/alsa/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/gtk+-2.8/lib/pkgconfig' \ |
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395 ./configure |
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396 |
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397 The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the |
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398 distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called |
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399 "CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration |
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400 yourself. |
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401 |
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402 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory |
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403 and run the program `configure' as follows: |
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404 |
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405 SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ... |
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406 |
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407 SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is |
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408 where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the |
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409 Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in. |
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410 |
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411 To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make' |
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412 that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. |
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413 |
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414 (Do not try to build in a separate directory by creating many links |
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415 to the real source directory--there is no need, and installation will |
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416 fail.) |
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417 |
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418 4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right |
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419 for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs |
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420 Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el |
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421 itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES, |
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422 rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example, |
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423 |
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424 (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews") |
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425 |
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426 is how you would override the default value of the variable |
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427 news-inews-program. |
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428 |
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429 Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the |
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430 variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the |
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431 variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are |
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432 doing, you'll make a mistake. |
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433 |
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434 5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs |
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435 Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use |
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436 site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their |
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437 documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see |
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438 src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all |
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439 else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which |
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440 was built with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'. |
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441 |
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442 If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or |
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443 site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up |
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444 again. If you do this, you are on your own! |
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445 |
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446 The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not |
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447 need to create them if you have nothing to put in them. |
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448 |
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449 6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may |
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450 wish to add to various termcap entries. (This is unlikely to be necessary.) |
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451 |
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452 7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish |
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453 building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is |
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454 named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without |
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455 copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling |
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456 directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info. |
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457 |
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458 Or you can "install" the executable and the other files into their |
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459 installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files |
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460 are installed in the following directories: |
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461 |
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462 `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run - |
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463 `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', |
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464 `grep-changelog', and `rcs-checkin'. |
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465 |
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466 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library; |
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467 `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version |
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468 you are installing, like `23.1' or `23.2'. Since the |
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469 Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to |
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470 another, including the version number in the path |
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471 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed |
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472 at the same time; in particular, you don't have to |
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473 make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version. |
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474 |
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475 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC |
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476 file, and other architecture-independent files Emacs |
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477 might need while running. |
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478 |
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479 `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable |
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480 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to |
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481 run themselves. |
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482 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are |
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483 installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value |
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484 deduced by the `configure' program to identify the |
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485 architecture and operating system of your machine, |
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486 like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since |
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487 these files are specific to the version of Emacs, |
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488 operating system, and architecture in use, including |
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489 the configuration name in the path allows you to have |
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490 several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and |
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491 operating systems installed at the same time; this is |
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492 useful for sites at which different kinds of machines |
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493 share the file system Emacs is installed on. |
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494 |
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495 `/usr/local/share/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, |
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496 known as "info files". Many other GNU programs are |
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497 documented using info files as well, so this directory |
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498 stands apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories. |
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499 |
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500 `/usr/local/share/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed |
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501 in `/usr/local/bin'. |
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502 |
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503 Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp |
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504 files in these directories. |
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505 |
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506 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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507 files installed for Emacs version VERSION only. |
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508 |
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509 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp |
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510 files installed for all Emacs versions. |
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511 |
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512 When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files |
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513 in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in |
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514 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in |
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515 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'. |
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516 |
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517 If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to |
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518 install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search |
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519 for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of |
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520 the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more |
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521 information on this. |
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522 |
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523 8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually |
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524 /usr/local/share/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the |
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525 Emacs info files. |
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526 |
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527 9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files, |
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528 then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid |
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529 to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe. |
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530 |
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531 10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from |
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532 the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files |
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533 that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different |
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534 configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all |
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535 of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the |
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parents:
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536 unneeded files in the leim subdirectories of your site's lisp |
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parents:
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|
537 directory (usually /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/). |
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parents:
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538 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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539 |
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parents:
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540 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
541 MAKE VARIABLES |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
542 |
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parents:
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543 You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
544 files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make' |
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545 command line. For example, if you type |
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546 |
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547 make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin |
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548 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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549 the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
550 executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
551 `/usr/local/bin'. |
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|
552 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
553 Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
554 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
555 `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can |
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Restore files that I seem to have mistakenly deleted.
Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
556 run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin. |
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parents:
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|
557 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
558 `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
559 read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
560 defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following |
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parents:
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|
561 subdirectories under `datadir': |
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parents:
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|
562 - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
563 - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the tutorials, DOC file, etc. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
564 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
565 like `23.1' or `23.2'. Since these files vary from one version |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
566 of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
567 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
568 same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
569 unavailable while installing a new version. |
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Restore files that I seem to have mistakenly deleted.
Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
570 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
571 `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
572 Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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573 We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir': |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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574 - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
575 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
576 themselves. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
577 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing, |
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parents:
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|
578 and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value deduced by the |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
579 `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
580 system of your machine, like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
581 Since these files are specific to the version of Emacs, |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 operating system, and architecture in use, including the |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
583 configuration name in the path allows you to have several |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
584 versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
585 systems installed at the same time; this is useful for sites |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
586 at which different kinds of machines share the file system |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 Emacs is installed on. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
588 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
589 `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with |
ced73eea562f
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
590 Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/share/info'. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
591 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
592 `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
593 utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
594 `/usr/local/share/man/man1'. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
595 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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|
596 `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead, |
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parents:
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|
597 its value is used to determine the defaults for all the |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
diff
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|
598 architecture-independent path variables - `datadir', |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
599 `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
parents:
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|
600 `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it |
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601 by default. |
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602 |
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603 For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software |
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604 under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'. |
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605 By including |
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606 `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft' |
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607 in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process |
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608 to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate |
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609 directories under that path. |
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610 |
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611 `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead |
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612 determines the default values for the architecture-dependent |
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613 path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'. |
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614 |
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615 The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all |
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616 GNU software; the following variable is specific to Emacs. |
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617 |
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618 `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable |
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619 files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while |
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620 running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which |
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621 see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' |
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622 (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above). |
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623 |
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624 Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time |
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625 you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build |
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626 emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you |
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627 must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the |
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628 settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top |
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629 directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases |
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630 `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'. |
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631 |
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632 The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/epaths.h, |
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633 a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path, |
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634 you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file |
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635 before you run `make'. |
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636 |
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637 The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the |
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638 Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them |
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639 when running make in the subdirectories. |
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640 |
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641 |
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642 CONFIGURATION BY HAND |
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643 |
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644 This should not be necessary and is not recommended. Instead of |
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645 running the `configure' program, you have to perform the following steps. |
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646 |
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647 1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'. |
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648 |
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649 2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should |
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650 use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to |
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651 see which operating system and architecture description files from |
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652 `src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit |
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653 `src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include |
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654 the appropriate system and architecture description files. |
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655 |
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656 2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If |
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657 you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h |
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658 files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by |
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659 changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. |
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660 |
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661 3) Create `Makefile' files in various directories from the |
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662 corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard, just a matter |
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663 of editing in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs. |
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664 |
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665 The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf' |
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666 program. You need at least the version of autoconf specified in the |
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667 AC_PREREQ(...) command to rebuild `configure' from `configure.in'. |
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668 |
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669 BUILDING GNU EMACS BY HAND |
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670 |
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671 Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs |
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672 the following steps. |
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673 |
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674 1) Run `make epaths-force' in the top directory. This produces |
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675 `./src/epaths.h' from the template file `./src/epaths.in', changing |
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676 the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'. |
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677 |
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678 2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates |
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679 executables named `etags', `make-docfile', and others. |
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680 |
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681 3) Go to directory `./src' and run `make'. This refers to files in |
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682 the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and |
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683 `../lib-src'. |
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684 |
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685 This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs, |
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686 which has another name that contains a version number. |
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687 Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place. |
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688 |
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689 It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the |
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690 current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for |
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691 all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new |
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692 emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC |
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693 file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs version. |
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694 |
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695 |
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696 INSTALLATION BY HAND |
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697 |
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698 The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main |
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699 directory of the Emacs distribution. |
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700 |
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701 1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables |
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702 in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/epaths.h'. |
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703 |
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704 Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied. |
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705 - The programs `fakemail', `hexl', `movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', |
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706 and `vcdiff' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied. |
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707 - The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', and `rcs-checkin' |
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708 are intended to be run by users; they are handled below. |
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709 - The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were |
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710 used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more. |
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711 |
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712 2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in |
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713 `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the |
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714 destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you |
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715 probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs |
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716 distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir' |
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717 file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info. |
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718 |
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719 3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory |
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720 in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name |
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721 `./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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722 `/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way |
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723 of installing different versions. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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724 |
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725 You can delete `./src/temacs'. |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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726 |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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727 4) Copy the programs `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and `rcs-checkin' |
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728 from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are intended for |
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729 users to run. |
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730 |
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731 5) Copy the man pages in `./doc/man' into the appropriate man directory. |
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732 |
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733 6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not |
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Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
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734 used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep |
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735 the source on line for debugging. |
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736 |
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737 |
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738 PROBLEMS |
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739 |
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740 See the file `./etc/PROBLEMS' for a list of various problems sometimes |
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741 encountered, and what to do about them. |
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742 |
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743 This file is part of GNU Emacs. |
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744 |
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745 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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746 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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747 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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748 (at your option) any later version. |
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749 |
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750 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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751 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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752 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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753 GNU General Public License for more details. |
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754 |
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755 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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756 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |