annotate man/text.texi @ 55116:4eaffc5a495e

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author Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
date Sat, 24 Apr 2004 16:36:15 +0000
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001, 2002
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top
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6 @chapter Commands for Human Languages
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7 @cindex text
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8 @cindex manipulating text
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9
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10 The term @dfn{text} has two widespread meanings in our area of the
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11 computer field. One is data that is a sequence of characters. Any file
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12 that you edit with Emacs is text, in this sense of the word. The other
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13 meaning is more restrictive: a sequence of characters in a human language
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14 for humans to read (possibly after processing by a text formatter), as
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15 opposed to a program or commands for a program.
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16
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17 Human languages have syntactic/stylistic conventions that can be
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18 supported or used to advantage by editor commands: conventions involving
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19 words, sentences, paragraphs, and capital letters. This chapter
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20 describes Emacs commands for all of these things. There are also
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21 commands for @dfn{filling}, which means rearranging the lines of a
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22 paragraph to be approximately equal in length. The commands for moving
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23 over and killing words, sentences and paragraphs, while intended
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24 primarily for editing text, are also often useful for editing programs.
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25
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26 Emacs has several major modes for editing human-language text. If the
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27 file contains text pure and simple, use Text mode, which customizes
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28 Emacs in small ways for the syntactic conventions of text. Outline mode
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29 provides special commands for operating on text with an outline
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30 structure.
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31 @iftex
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32 @xref{Outline Mode}.
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33 @end iftex
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34
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35 For text which contains embedded commands for text formatters, Emacs
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36 has other major modes, each for a particular text formatter. Thus, for
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37 input to @TeX{}, you would use @TeX{}
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38 @iftex
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39 mode (@pxref{TeX Mode}).
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40 @end iftex
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41 @ifinfo
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42 mode.
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43 @end ifinfo
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44 For input to nroff, use Nroff mode.
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45
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46 Instead of using a text formatter, you can edit formatted text in
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47 WYSIWYG style (``what you see is what you get''), with Enriched mode.
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48 Then the formatting appears on the screen in Emacs while you edit.
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49 @iftex
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50 @xref{Formatted Text}.
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51 @end iftex
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52
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53 @cindex skeletons
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54 @cindex templates
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55 @cindex autotyping
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56 @cindex automatic typing
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57 The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text.
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58 @xref{Top,, Autotyping, autotype, Features for Automatic Typing}.
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59
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60 @menu
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61 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
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62 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
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63 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
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64 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
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65 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text.
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66 * Case:: Changing the case of text.
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67 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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68 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
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69 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
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70 * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files.
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71 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
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72 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
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73 @end menu
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74
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75 @node Words
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76 @section Words
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77 @cindex words
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78 @cindex Meta commands and words
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79
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80 Emacs has commands for moving over or operating on words. By convention,
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81 the keys for them are all Meta characters.
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82
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83 @table @kbd
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84 @item M-f
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85 Move forward over a word (@code{forward-word}).
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86 @item M-b
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87 Move backward over a word (@code{backward-word}).
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88 @item M-d
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89 Kill up to the end of a word (@code{kill-word}).
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90 @item M-@key{DEL}
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91 Kill back to the beginning of a word (@code{backward-kill-word}).
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92 @item M-@@
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93 Mark the end of the next word (@code{mark-word}).
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94 @item M-t
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95 Transpose two words or drag a word across other words
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96 (@code{transpose-words}).
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97 @end table
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98
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99 Notice how these keys form a series that parallels the character-based
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100 @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-t}. @kbd{M-@@} is
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101 cognate to @kbd{C-@@}, which is an alias for @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}.
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102
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103 @kindex M-f
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104 @kindex M-b
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105 @findex forward-word
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106 @findex backward-word
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107 The commands @kbd{M-f} (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b}
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108 (@code{backward-word}) move forward and backward over words. These
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109 Meta characters are thus analogous to the corresponding control
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110 characters, @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-b}, which move over single characters
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111 in the text. The analogy extends to numeric arguments, which serve as
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112 repeat counts. @kbd{M-f} with a negative argument moves backward, and
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113 @kbd{M-b} with a negative argument moves forward. Forward motion
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114 stops right after the last letter of the word, while backward motion
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115 stops right before the first letter.@refill
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116
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117 @kindex M-d
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118 @findex kill-word
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119 @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) kills the word after point. To be
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120 precise, it kills everything from point to the place @kbd{M-f} would
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121 move to. Thus, if point is in the middle of a word, @kbd{M-d} kills
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122 just the part after point. If some punctuation comes between point and the
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123 next word, it is killed along with the word. (If you wish to kill only the
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124 next word but not the punctuation before it, simply do @kbd{M-f} to get
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125 the end, and kill the word backwards with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.)
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126 @kbd{M-d} takes arguments just like @kbd{M-f}.
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127
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128 @findex backward-kill-word
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129 @kindex M-DEL
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130 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} (@code{backward-kill-word}) kills the word before
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131 point. It kills everything from point back to where @kbd{M-b} would
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132 move to. If point is after the space in @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}}, then
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133 @w{@samp{FOO, }} is killed. (If you wish to kill just @samp{FOO}, and
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134 not the comma and the space, use @kbd{M-b M-d} instead of
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135 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.)
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136
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137 @c Don't index M-t and transpose-words here, they are indexed in
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138 @c fixit.texi, in the node "Transpose".
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139 @c @kindex M-t
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140 @c @findex transpose-words
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141 @kbd{M-t} (@code{transpose-words}) exchanges the word before or
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142 containing point with the following word. The delimiter characters between
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143 the words do not move. For example, @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}} transposes into
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144 @w{@samp{BAR, FOO}} rather than @samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}. @xref{Transpose}, for
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145 more on transposition and on arguments to transposition commands.
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146
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147 @kindex M-@@
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148 @findex mark-word
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149 To operate on the next @var{n} words with an operation which applies
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150 between point and mark, you can either set the mark at point and then move
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151 over the words, or you can use the command @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word})
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152 which does not move point, but sets the mark where @kbd{M-f} would move
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153 to. @kbd{M-@@} accepts a numeric argument that says how many words to
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154 scan for the place to put the mark. In Transient Mark mode, this command
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155 activates the mark.
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156
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157 The word commands' understanding of syntax is completely controlled by
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158 the syntax table. Any character can, for example, be declared to be a word
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159 delimiter. @xref{Syntax}.
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160
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161 @node Sentences
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162 @section Sentences
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163 @cindex sentences
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164 @cindex manipulating sentences
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165
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166 The Emacs commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are mostly
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167 on Meta keys, so as to be like the word-handling commands.
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168
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169 @table @kbd
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170 @item M-a
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171 Move back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-sentence}).
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172 @item M-e
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173 Move forward to the end of the sentence (@code{forward-sentence}).
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174 @item M-k
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175 Kill forward to the end of the sentence (@code{kill-sentence}).
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176 @item C-x @key{DEL}
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177 Kill back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}).
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178 @end table
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179
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180 @kindex M-a
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181 @kindex M-e
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182 @findex backward-sentence
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183 @findex forward-sentence
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184 The commands @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} (@code{backward-sentence} and
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185 @code{forward-sentence}) move to the beginning and end of the current
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186 sentence, respectively. They were chosen to resemble @kbd{C-a} and
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187 @kbd{C-e}, which move to the beginning and end of a line. Unlike them,
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188 @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} if repeated or given numeric arguments move over
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189 successive sentences.
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190
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191 Moving backward over a sentence places point just before the first
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192 character of the sentence; moving forward places point right after the
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193 punctuation that ends the sentence. Neither one moves over the
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194 whitespace at the sentence boundary.
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195
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196 @kindex M-k
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197 @kindex C-x DEL
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198 @findex kill-sentence
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199 @findex backward-kill-sentence
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200 Just as @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} have a kill command, @kbd{C-k}, to go
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201 with them, so @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} have a corresponding kill command
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202 @kbd{M-k} (@code{kill-sentence}) which kills from point to the end of
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203 the sentence. With minus one as an argument it kills back to the
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204 beginning of the sentence. Larger arguments serve as a repeat count.
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205 There is also a command, @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}}
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206 (@code{backward-kill-sentence}), for killing back to the beginning of a
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207 sentence. This command is useful when you change your mind in the
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208 middle of composing text.@refill
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209
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210 The sentence commands assume that you follow the American typist's
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211 convention of putting two spaces at the end of a sentence; they consider
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212 a sentence to end wherever there is a @samp{.}, @samp{?} or @samp{!}
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213 followed by the end of a line or two spaces, with any number of
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214 @samp{)}, @samp{]}, @samp{'}, or @samp{"} characters allowed in between.
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215 A sentence also begins or ends wherever a paragraph begins or ends.
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216
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217 @vindex sentence-end
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218 The variable @code{sentence-end} controls recognition of the end of a
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219 sentence. It is a regexp that matches the last few characters of a
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220 sentence, together with the whitespace following the sentence. Its
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221 normal value is
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222
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223 @example
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224 "[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\| $\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*"
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225 @end example
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226
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227 @noindent
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228 This example is explained in the section on regexps. @xref{Regexps}.
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229
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230 If you want to use just one space between sentences, you should
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231 set @code{sentence-end} to this value:
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232
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233 @example
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234 "[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*"
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235 @end example
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236
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237 @noindent
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238 You should also set the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} to
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239 @code{nil} so that the fill commands expect and leave just one space at
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240 the end of a sentence. Note that this makes it impossible to
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241 distinguish between periods that end sentences and those that indicate
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242 abbreviations.
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243
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244 @node Paragraphs
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245 @section Paragraphs
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246 @cindex paragraphs
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247 @cindex manipulating paragraphs
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248 @kindex M-@{
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249 @kindex M-@}
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250 @findex backward-paragraph
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251 @findex forward-paragraph
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252
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253 The Emacs commands for manipulating paragraphs are also Meta keys.
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254
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255 @table @kbd
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256 @item M-@{
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257 Move back to previous paragraph beginning (@code{backward-paragraph}).
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258 @item M-@}
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259 Move forward to next paragraph end (@code{forward-paragraph}).
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260 @item M-h
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261 Put point and mark around this or next paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}).
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262 @end table
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263
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264 @kbd{M-@{} moves to the beginning of the current or previous
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265 paragraph, while @kbd{M-@}} moves to the end of the current or next
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266 paragraph. Blank lines and text-formatter command lines separate
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267 paragraphs and are not considered part of any paragraph. In Fundamental
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268 mode, but not in Text mode, an indented line also starts a new
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269 paragraph. (If a paragraph is preceded by a blank line, these commands
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270 treat that blank line as the beginning of the paragraph.)
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271
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272 In major modes for programs, paragraphs begin and end only at blank
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273 lines. This makes the paragraph commands continue to be useful even
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274 though there are no paragraphs per se.
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275
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276 When there is a fill prefix, then paragraphs are delimited by all lines
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277 which don't start with the fill prefix. @xref{Filling}.
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278
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279 @kindex M-h
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280 @findex mark-paragraph
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281 When you wish to operate on a paragraph, you can use the command
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282 @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) to set the region around it. Thus,
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283 for example, @kbd{M-h C-w} kills the paragraph around or after point.
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284 The @kbd{M-h} command puts point at the beginning and mark at the end of
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285 the paragraph point was in. In Transient Mark mode, it activates the
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286 mark. If point is between paragraphs (in a run of blank lines, or at a
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287 boundary), the paragraph following point is surrounded by point and
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288 mark. If there are blank lines preceding the first line of the
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289 paragraph, one of these blank lines is included in the region.
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290
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291 @vindex paragraph-start
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292 @vindex paragraph-separate
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293 The precise definition of a paragraph boundary is controlled by the
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294 variables @code{paragraph-separate} and @code{paragraph-start}. The
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295 value of @code{paragraph-start} is a regexp that should match any line
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296 that either starts or separates paragraphs. The value of
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297 @code{paragraph-separate} is another regexp that should match only lines
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298 that separate paragraphs without being part of any paragraph (for
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299 example, blank lines). Lines that start a new paragraph and are
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300 contained in it must match only @code{paragraph-start}, not
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301 @code{paragraph-separate}. For example, in Fundamental mode,
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302 @code{paragraph-start} is @w{@code{"[ \t\n\f]"}}, and
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303 @code{paragraph-separate} is @w{@code{"[ \t\f]*$"}}.
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304
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305 Normally it is desirable for page boundaries to separate paragraphs.
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306 The default values of these variables recognize the usual separator for
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307 pages.
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308
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309 @node Pages
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310 @section Pages
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311
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312 @cindex pages
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313 @cindex formfeed
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314 Files are often thought of as divided into @dfn{pages} by the
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315 @dfn{formfeed} character (@acronym{ASCII} control-L, octal code 014). When you
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316 print hardcopy for a file, this character forces a page break; thus,
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317 each page of the file goes on a separate page on paper. Most Emacs
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318 commands treat the page-separator character just like any other
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319 character: you can insert it with @kbd{C-q C-l}, and delete it with
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320 @key{DEL}. Thus, you are free to paginate your file or not. However,
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321 since pages are often meaningful divisions of the file, Emacs provides
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322 commands to move over them and operate on them.
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323
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324 @table @kbd
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325 @item C-x [
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326 Move point to previous page boundary (@code{backward-page}).
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327 @item C-x ]
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328 Move point to next page boundary (@code{forward-page}).
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329 @item C-x C-p
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330 Put point and mark around this page (or another page) (@code{mark-page}).
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331 @item C-x l
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332 Count the lines in this page (@code{count-lines-page}).
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333 @end table
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334
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335 @kindex C-x [
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336 @kindex C-x ]
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337 @findex forward-page
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338 @findex backward-page
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339 The @kbd{C-x [} (@code{backward-page}) command moves point to immediately
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340 after the previous page delimiter. If point is already right after a page
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341 delimiter, it skips that one and stops at the previous one. A numeric
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342 argument serves as a repeat count. The @kbd{C-x ]} (@code{forward-page})
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343 command moves forward past the next page delimiter.
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344
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345 @kindex C-x C-p
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346 @findex mark-page
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347 The @kbd{C-x C-p} command (@code{mark-page}) puts point at the
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348 beginning of the current page and the mark at the end. The page
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349 delimiter at the end is included (the mark follows it). The page
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350 delimiter at the front is excluded (point follows it). In Transient
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351 Mark mode, this command activates the mark.
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352
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353 @kbd{C-x C-p C-w} is a handy way to kill a page to move it
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354 elsewhere. If you move to another page delimiter with @kbd{C-x [} and
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355 @kbd{C-x ]}, then yank the killed page, all the pages will be properly
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356 delimited once again. The reason @kbd{C-x C-p} includes only the
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357 following page delimiter in the region is to ensure that.
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358
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359 A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x C-p} is used to specify which page to go
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360 to, relative to the current one. Zero means the current page. One means
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361 the next page, and @minus{}1 means the previous one.
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362
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363 @kindex C-x l
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364 @findex count-lines-page
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365 The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding
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d44abb4e68b2 Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
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366 where to break a page in two. It displays in the echo area the total number
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367 of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding
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368 the current line and those following, as in
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369
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370 @example
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371 Page has 96 (72+25) lines
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372 @end example
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373
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374 @noindent
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375 Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at the
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376 beginning of a line.
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377
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378 @vindex page-delimiter
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379 The variable @code{page-delimiter} controls where pages begin. Its
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380 value is a regexp that matches the beginning of a line that separates
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381 pages. The normal value of this variable is @code{"^\f"}, which
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382 matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line.
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383
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384 @node Filling
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385 @section Filling Text
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386 @cindex filling text
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387
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388 @dfn{Filling} text means breaking it up into lines that fit a
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389 specified width. Emacs does filling in two ways. In Auto Fill mode,
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390 inserting text with self-inserting characters also automatically fills
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391 it. There are also explicit fill commands that you can use when editing
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392 text leaves it unfilled. When you edit formatted text, you can specify
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393 a style of filling for each portion of the text (@pxref{Formatted
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394 Text}).
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395
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396 @menu
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397 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
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32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
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398 * Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled.
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399 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
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400 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented
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401 or in a comment, etc.
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402 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
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403 @end menu
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404
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405 @node Auto Fill
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406 @subsection Auto Fill Mode
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407 @cindex Auto Fill mode
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408 @cindex mode, Auto Fill
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409 @cindex word wrap
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410
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411 @dfn{Auto Fill} mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken
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412 automatically when they become too wide. Breaking happens only when
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413 you type a @key{SPC} or @key{RET}.
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414
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415 @table @kbd
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416 @item M-x auto-fill-mode
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417 Enable or disable Auto Fill mode.
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418 @item @key{SPC}
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419 @itemx @key{RET}
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420 In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate.
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421 @end table
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422
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423 @findex auto-fill-mode
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424 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off
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425 if it was on. With a positive numeric argument it always turns Auto
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426 Fill mode on, and with a negative argument always turns it off. You can
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427 see when Auto Fill mode is in effect by the presence of the word
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428 @samp{Fill} in the mode line, inside the parentheses. Auto Fill mode is
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429 a minor mode which is enabled or disabled for each buffer individually.
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430 @xref{Minor Modes}.
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431
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432 In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when they
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433 get longer than the desired width. Line breaking and rearrangement
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434 takes place only when you type @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. If you wish to
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435 insert a space or newline without permitting line-breaking, type
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436 @kbd{C-q @key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-q C-j} (recall that a newline is really a
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437 control-J). Also, @kbd{C-o} inserts a newline without line breaking.
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438
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439 Auto Fill mode works well with programming-language modes, because it
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440 indents new lines with @key{TAB}. If a line ending in a comment gets
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441 too long, the text of the comment is split into two comment lines.
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442 Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the end of the first
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443 line and the beginning of the second so that each line is a separate
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444 comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice
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445 (@pxref{Comments}).
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446
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a5cae8675fe9 (Auto Fill): Fix a reference to Adaptive Fill. From Bill Richter.
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447 Adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}) works for Auto Filling as
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448 well as for explicit fill commands. It takes a fill prefix
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449 automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph.
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450
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451 Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs; it can break lines but
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452 cannot merge lines. So editing in the middle of a paragraph can result in
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453 a paragraph that is not correctly filled. The easiest way to make the
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454 paragraph properly filled again is usually with the explicit fill commands.
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455 @ifinfo
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456 @xref{Fill Commands}.
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parents:
diff changeset
457 @end ifinfo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459 Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 The section on init files says how to arrange this permanently for yourself.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 @xref{Init File}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
462
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
463 @node Refill
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
464 @subsection Refill Mode
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
465 @cindex refilling text, word processor style
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
466 @cindex modes, Refill
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
467 @cindex Refill minor mode
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
468
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
469 Refill minor mode provides support for keeping paragraphs filled as
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
470 you type or modify them in other ways. It provides an effect similar
38017
32f10000ac35 Don't use the British spelling of "behaviour".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37125
diff changeset
471 to typical word processor behavior. This works by running a
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
472 paragraph-filling command at suitable times.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
473
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
474 When you are typing text, only characters which normally trigger
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
475 auto filling, like the space character, will trigger refilling. This
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
476 is to avoid making it too slow. Apart from self-inserting characters,
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
477 other commands which modify the text cause refilling.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
478
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
479 The current implementation is preliminary and probably not robust.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
480 We expect to improve on it.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
481
36299
4f19e6a45a2d (Refill): Fix a typo.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36298
diff changeset
482 To toggle the use of Refill mode in the current buffer, type
36298
f4316132b389 (Refill): Say how to toggle Refill mode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
483 @kbd{M-x refill-mode}.
f4316132b389 (Refill): Say how to toggle Refill mode.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
484
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 @node Fill Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 @subsection Explicit Fill Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 @item M-q
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 Fill current paragraph (@code{fill-paragraph}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 @item C-x f
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 Set the fill column (@code{set-fill-column}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 @item M-x fill-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 Fill each paragraph in the region (@code{fill-region}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 @item M-x fill-region-as-paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 @item M-s
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 Center a line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 @kindex M-q
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 @findex fill-paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 To refill a paragraph, use the command @kbd{M-q}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 (@code{fill-paragraph}). This operates on the paragraph that point is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 inside, or the one after point if point is between paragraphs.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 Refilling works by removing all the line-breaks, then inserting new ones
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 where necessary.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 @findex fill-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 To refill many paragraphs, use @kbd{M-x fill-region}, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 divides the region into paragraphs and fills each of them.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 @findex fill-region-as-paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 @kbd{M-q} and @code{fill-region} use the same criteria as @kbd{M-h}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 for finding paragraph boundaries (@pxref{Paragraphs}). For more
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 control, you can use @kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}, which refills
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 everything between point and mark. This command deletes any blank lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 within the region, so separate blocks of text end up combined into one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519 block.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 @cindex justification
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 A numeric argument to @kbd{M-q} causes it to @dfn{justify} the text as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 well as filling it. This means that extra spaces are inserted to make
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 the right margin line up exactly at the fill column. To remove the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 extra spaces, use @kbd{M-q} with no argument. (Likewise for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 @code{fill-region}.) Another way to control justification, and choose
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 other styles of filling, is with the @code{justification} text property;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528 see @ref{Format Justification}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530 @kindex M-s @r{(Text mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 @cindex centering
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532 @findex center-line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 within the current fill column. With an argument @var{n}, it centers
49985
5bb62138f451 M-s is only available in Text mode and its submodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
535 @var{n} lines individually and moves past them. This binding is
5bb62138f451 M-s is only available in Text mode and its submodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
536 made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes
5bb62138f451 M-s is only available in Text mode and its submodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
537 (@pxref{Text Mode}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 @vindex fill-column
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 @kindex C-x f
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 @findex set-fill-column
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 The maximum line width for filling is in the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 @code{fill-column}. Altering the value of @code{fill-column} makes it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value is in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 effect. The default is initially 70. @xref{Locals}. The easiest way
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 to set @code{fill-column} is to use the command @kbd{C-x f}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 (@code{set-fill-column}). With a numeric argument, it uses that as the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 new fill column. With just @kbd{C-u} as argument, it sets
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 @code{fill-column} to the current horizontal position of point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551 Emacs commands normally consider a period followed by two spaces or by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 a newline as the end of a sentence; a period followed by just one space
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 indicates an abbreviation and not the end of a sentence. To preserve
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 the distinction between these two ways of using a period, the fill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 commands do not break a line after a period followed by just one space.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 @vindex sentence-end-double-space
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 If the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} is @code{nil}, the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 fill commands expect and leave just one space at the end of a sentence.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 Ordinarily this variable is @code{t}, so the fill commands insist on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 two spaces for the end of a sentence, as explained above. @xref{Sentences}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 @vindex colon-double-space
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 If the variable @code{colon-double-space} is non-@code{nil}, the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 fill commands put two spaces after a colon.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566
31950
6fc3061bed75 sentence-end-without-period
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30867
diff changeset
567 @vindex sentence-end-without-period
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
568 Some languages do not use period to indicate end of sentence. For
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
569 example, a sentence in Thai text ends with double space but without a
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
570 period. Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
571 @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary.
31950
6fc3061bed75 sentence-end-without-period
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30867
diff changeset
572
46234
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
573 @vindex fill-nobreak-predicate
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
574 The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
575 conditions for where line-breaking is allowed. Its value is either
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
576 @code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
577 arguments, and if it returns a non-@code{nil} value, then point is not
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
578 a good place to break the line. The standard functions you can use
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
579 @code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
580 a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
581 break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}).
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
582
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 @node Fill Prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 @subsection The Fill Prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 @cindex fill prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 (which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), you can use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 the @dfn{fill prefix} feature. The fill prefix is a string that Emacs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 expects every line to start with, and which is not included in filling.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 You can specify a fill prefix explicitly; Emacs can also deduce the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 fill prefix automatically (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 @item C-x .
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 Set the fill prefix (@code{set-fill-prefix}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 @item M-q
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (@code{fill-paragraph}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599 @item M-x fill-individual-paragraphs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as starting a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 new paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 @item M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 Fill the region, considering only paragraph-separator lines as starting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 a new paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 @kindex C-x .
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 @findex set-fill-prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 To specify a fill prefix, move to a line that starts with the desired
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, and give the command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: (@code{set-fill-prefix}). That's a period after the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 @kbd{C-x}. To turn off the fill prefix, specify an empty prefix: type
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: with point at the beginning of a line.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 prefix from each line before filling and insert it on each line after
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 filling. Auto Fill mode also inserts the fill prefix automatically when
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 it makes a new line. The @kbd{C-o} command inserts the fill prefix on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 new lines it creates, when you use it at the beginning of a line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 (@pxref{Blank Lines}). Conversely, the command @kbd{M-^} deletes the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 prefix (if it occurs) after the newline that it deletes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 (@pxref{Indentation}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 For example, if @code{fill-column} is 40 and you set the fill prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 to @samp{;; }, then @kbd{M-q} in the following text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 ;; This is an
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 ;; example of a paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 produces this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 ;; This is an example of a paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are considered to start
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 paragraphs, both in @kbd{M-q} and the paragraph commands; this gives
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 good results for paragraphs with hanging indentation (every line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 indented except the first one). Lines which are blank or indented once
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 the prefix is removed also separate or start paragraphs; this is what
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 you want if you are writing multi-paragraph comments with a comment
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 delimiter on each line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 @findex fill-individual-paragraphs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 You can use @kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs} to set the fill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 prefix for each paragraph automatically. This command divides the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 region into paragraphs, treating every change in the amount of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 indentation as the start of a new paragraph, and fills each of these
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 paragraphs. Thus, all the lines in one ``paragraph'' have the same
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 amount of indentation. That indentation serves as the fill prefix for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 that paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 @findex fill-nonuniform-paragraphs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 @kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs} is a similar command that divides
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 the region into paragraphs in a different way. It considers only
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 paragraph-separating lines (as defined by @code{paragraph-separate}) as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 starting a new paragraph. Since this means that the lines of one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 paragraph may have different amounts of indentation, the fill prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 used is the smallest amount of indentation of any of the lines of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 paragraph. This gives good results with styles that indent a paragraph's
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 first line more or less that the rest of the paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @vindex fill-prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 The fill prefix is stored in the variable @code{fill-prefix}. Its value
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 is a string, or @code{nil} when there is no fill prefix. This is a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current buffer,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 but there is a default value which you can change as well. @xref{Locals}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 The @code{indentation} text property provides another way to control
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 the amount of indentation paragraphs receive. @xref{Format Indentation}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 @node Adaptive Fill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 @subsection Adaptive Filling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 @cindex adaptive filling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 The fill commands can deduce the proper fill prefix for a paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 automatically in certain cases: either whitespace or certain punctuation
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 characters at the beginning of a line are propagated to all lines of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 If the paragraph has two or more lines, the fill prefix is taken from
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 the paragraph's second line, but only if it appears on the first line as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 well.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 If a paragraph has just one line, fill commands @emph{may} take a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 prefix from that line. The decision is complicated because there are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 three reasonable things to do in such a case:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 Use the first line's prefix on all the lines of the paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 Indent subsequent lines with whitespace, so that they line up under the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 text that follows the prefix on the first line, but don't actually copy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 the prefix from the first line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 Don't do anything special with the second and following lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 @end itemize
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 All three of these styles of formatting are commonly used. So the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 fill commands try to determine what you would like, based on the prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 that appears and on the major mode. Here is how.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 @vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 If the prefix found on the first line matches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}, or if it appears to be a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 comment-starting sequence (this depends on the major mode), then the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 prefix found is used for filling the paragraph, provided it would not
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 act as a paragraph starter on subsequent lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 Otherwise, the prefix found is converted to an equivalent number of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 spaces, and those spaces are used as the fill prefix for the rest of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 lines, provided they would not act as a paragraph starter on subsequent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 In Text mode, and other modes where only blank lines and page
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 delimiters separate paragraphs, the prefix chosen by adaptive filling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 never acts as a paragraph starter, so it can always be used for filling.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 @vindex adaptive-fill-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 The variable @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} determines what kinds of line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 beginnings can serve as a fill prefix: any characters at the start of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 the line that match this regular expression are used. If you set the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 variable @code{adaptive-fill-mode} to @code{nil}, the fill prefix is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 never chosen automatically.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 @vindex adaptive-fill-function
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 automatically by setting the variable @code{adaptive-fill-function} to a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 function. This function is called with point after the left margin of a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 line, and it should return the appropriate fill prefix based on that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 line. If it returns @code{nil}, that means it sees no fill prefix in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 that line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 @node Case
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 @section Case Conversion Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 @cindex case conversion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any arbitrary
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 range of text to upper case or to lower case.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 @item M-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 Convert following word to lower case (@code{downcase-word}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 @item M-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 Convert following word to upper case (@code{upcase-word}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 @item M-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 Capitalize the following word (@code{capitalize-word}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 @item C-x C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 Convert region to lower case (@code{downcase-region}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 @item C-x C-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 Convert region to upper case (@code{upcase-region}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 @kindex M-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 @kindex M-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 @kindex M-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @cindex words, case conversion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @cindex converting text to upper or lower case
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 @cindex capitalizing words
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 @findex downcase-word
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 @findex upcase-word
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 @findex capitalize-word
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 The word conversion commands are the most useful. @kbd{M-l}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 (@code{downcase-word}) converts the word after point to lower case, moving
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 past it. Thus, repeating @kbd{M-l} converts successive words.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @kbd{M-u} (@code{upcase-word}) converts to all capitals instead, while
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 @kbd{M-c} (@code{capitalize-word}) puts the first letter of the word
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 into upper case and the rest into lower case. All these commands convert
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 several words at once if given an argument. They are especially convenient
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 because you can move through the text using @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 @kbd{M-c} on each word as appropriate, occasionally using @kbd{M-f} instead
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 to skip a word.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands apply
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case: you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 can give the case conversion command and continue typing.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 applies only to the part of the word which follows point. This is just
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 like what @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) does. With a negative argument,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 case conversion applies only to the part of the word before point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @kindex C-x C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @kindex C-x C-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 @findex downcase-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 @findex upcase-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 The other case conversion commands are @kbd{C-x C-u}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 (@code{upcase-region}) and @kbd{C-x C-l} (@code{downcase-region}), which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 convert everything between point and mark to the specified case. Point and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 mark do not move.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 The region case conversion commands @code{upcase-region} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 @code{downcase-region} are normally disabled. This means that they ask
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 for confirmation if you try to use them. When you confirm, you may
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 enable the command, which means it will not ask for confirmation again.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 @xref{Disabling}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 @node Text Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 @section Text Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 @cindex Text mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 @cindex mode, Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 @findex text-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 When you edit files of text in a human language, it's more convenient
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 to use Text mode rather than Fundamental mode. To enter Text mode, type
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 @kbd{M-x text-mode}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 In Text mode, only blank lines and page delimiters separate
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 paragraphs. As a result, paragraphs can be indented, and adaptive
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 filling determines what indentation to use when filling a paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 @xref{Adaptive Fill}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 @kindex TAB @r{(Text mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 Text mode defines @key{TAB} to run @code{indent-relative}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 (@pxref{Indentation}), so that you can conveniently indent a line like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 the previous line. When the previous line is not indented,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @code{indent-relative} runs @code{tab-to-tab-stop}, which uses Emacs tab
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 stops that you can set (@pxref{Tab Stops}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 you explicitly invoke them. It changes the syntax table so that periods
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 are not considered part of a word, while apostrophes, backspaces and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 underlines are considered part of words.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 @cindex Paragraph-Indent Text mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @cindex mode, Paragraph-Indent Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 @findex paragraph-indent-text-mode
27207
e87656cfaac5 Mention Autotype.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
839 @findex paragraph-indent-minor-mode
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 If you indent the first lines of paragraphs, then you should use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 Paragraph-Indent Text mode rather than Text mode. In this mode, you do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 not need to have blank lines between paragraphs, because the first-line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 indentation is sufficient to start a paragraph; however paragraphs in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 which every line is indented are not supported. Use @kbd{M-x
27207
e87656cfaac5 Mention Autotype.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
845 paragraph-indent-text-mode} to enter this mode. Use @kbd{M-x
e87656cfaac5 Mention Autotype.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
846 paragraph-indent-minor-mode} to enter an equivalent minor mode, for
e87656cfaac5 Mention Autotype.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
847 instance during mail composition.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Text mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 Text mode, and all the modes based on it, define @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 the command @code{ispell-complete-word}, which performs completion of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 the partial word in the buffer before point, using the spelling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 dictionary as the space of possible words. @xref{Spelling}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 @vindex text-mode-hook
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 Entering Text mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}. Other major
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 modes related to Text mode also run this hook, followed by hooks of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 their own; this includes Paragraph-Indent Text mode, Nroff mode, @TeX{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 mode, Outline mode, and Mail mode. Hook functions on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 @code{text-mode-hook} can look at the value of @code{major-mode} to see
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 which of these modes is actually being entered. @xref{Hooks}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @ifinfo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 Emacs provides two other modes for editing text that is to be passed
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 through a text formatter to produce fancy formatted printed output.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 @xref{Nroff Mode}, for editing input to the formatter nroff.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 @xref{TeX Mode}, for editing input to the formatter TeX.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 Another mode is used for editing outlines. It allows you to view the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 text at various levels of detail. You can view either the outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 headings alone or both headings and text; you can also hide some of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 headings at lower levels from view to make the high level structure more
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 visible. @xref{Outline Mode}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 @end ifinfo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 @node Outline Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 @section Outline Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 @cindex Outline mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @cindex mode, Outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 @cindex invisible lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @findex outline-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 @findex outline-minor-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @vindex outline-minor-mode-prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 Outline mode is a major mode much like Text mode but intended for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 invisible so that you can see the outline structure. Type @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 outline-mode} to switch to Outline mode as the major mode of the current
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 When Outline mode makes a line invisible, the line does not appear on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 the screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line were
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears at the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 end of the previous visible line (only one ellipsis no matter how many
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 invisible lines follow).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 Editing commands that operate on lines, such as @kbd{C-n} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @kbd{C-p}, treat the text of the invisible line as part of the previous
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 visible line. Killing an entire visible line, including its terminating
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 newline, really kills all the following invisible lines along with it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 Outline minor mode provides the same commands as the major mode,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 Outline mode, but you can use it in conjunction with other major modes.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 Type @kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode} to enable the Outline minor mode in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 the current buffer. You can also specify this in the text of a file,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 with a file local variable of the form @samp{mode: outline-minor}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 (@pxref{File Variables}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 @kindex C-c @@ @r{(Outline minor mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 The major mode, Outline mode, provides special key bindings on the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @kbd{C-c} prefix. Outline minor mode provides similar bindings with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @kbd{C-c @@} as the prefix; this is to reduce the conflicts with the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 major mode's special commands. (The variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 @code{outline-minor-mode-prefix} controls the prefix used.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 @vindex outline-mode-hook
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 Entering Outline mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook} followed by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 @menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 47795
diff changeset
923 outlines.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 * Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views.
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
926 * Foldout:: Folding editing.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 @end menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 @node Outline Format
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @subsection Format of Outlines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 @cindex heading lines (Outline mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 @cindex body lines (Outline mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @dfn{heading lines} and @dfn{body lines}. A heading line represents a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 topic in the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 number of stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 structure. Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 heading lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 are its subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 body line. Body lines belong with the preceding heading line. Here is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 an example:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 * Food
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 This is the body,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 which says something about the topic of food.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 ** Delicious Food
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 This is the body of the second-level header.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 ** Distasteful Food
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 This could have
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 a body too, with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 several lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 *** Dormitory Food
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 * Shelter
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 Another first-level topic with its header line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 A heading line together with all following body lines is called
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 collectively an @dfn{entry}. A heading line together with all following
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a @dfn{subtree}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 @vindex outline-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 by setting the variable @code{outline-regexp}. Any line whose
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 beginning has a match for this regexp is considered a heading line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 Matches that start within a line (not at the left margin) do not count.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 The length of the matching text determines the level of the heading;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 longer matches make a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 if a text formatter has commands @samp{@@chapter}, @samp{@@section}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 and @samp{@@subsection} to divide the document into chapters and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 sections, you could make those lines count as heading lines by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 setting @code{outline-regexp} to @samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 Note the trick: the two words @samp{chapter} and @samp{section} are equally
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 long, but by defining the regexp to match only @samp{chap} we ensure
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 that the length of the text matched on a chapter heading is shorter,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 so that Outline mode will know that sections are contained in chapters.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 This works as long as no other command starts with @samp{@@chap}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 @vindex outline-level
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
985 You can change the rule for calculating the level of a heading line
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
986 by setting the variable @code{outline-level}. The value of
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 @code{outline-level} should be a function that takes no arguments and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 returns the level of the current heading. Some major modes such as C,
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
989 Nroff, and Emacs Lisp mode set this variable and @code{outline-regexp}
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
990 in order to work with Outline minor mode.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @node Outline Motion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 @subsection Outline Motion Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 Outline mode provides special motion commands that move backward and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 forward to heading lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 @item C-c C-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 Move point to the next visible heading line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 @item C-c C-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 Move point to the previous visible heading line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 @item C-c C-f
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 Move point to the next visible heading line at the same level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 as the one point is on (@code{outline-forward-same-level}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 @item C-c C-b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 Move point to the previous visible heading line at the same level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 (@code{outline-backward-same-level}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 @item C-c C-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 Move point up to a lower-level (more inclusive) visible heading line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 (@code{outline-up-heading}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 @findex outline-next-visible-heading
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 @findex outline-previous-visible-heading
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}) moves down to the next
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 heading line. @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}) moves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022 similarly backward. Both accept numeric arguments as repeat counts. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 names emphasize that invisible headings are skipped, but this is not really
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 a special feature. All editing commands that look for lines ignore the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 invisible lines automatically.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 @findex outline-up-heading
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 @findex outline-forward-same-level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 @findex outline-backward-same-level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 More powerful motion commands understand the level structure of headings.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{outline-forward-same-level}) and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{outline-backward-same-level}) move from one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 heading line to another visible heading at the same depth in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 the outline. @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) moves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 backward to another heading that is less deeply nested.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 @node Outline Visibility
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 @subsection Outline Visibility Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 The other special commands of outline mode are used to make lines visible
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 or invisible. Their names all start with @code{hide} or @code{show}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 Most of them fall into pairs of opposites. They are not undoable; instead,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 you can undo right past them. Making lines visible or invisible is simply
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 not recorded by the undo mechanism.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 @item C-c C-t
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 Make all body lines in the buffer invisible (@code{hide-body}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 @item C-c C-a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 Make all lines in the buffer visible (@code{show-all}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 @item C-c C-d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 Make everything under this heading invisible, not including this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 heading itself (@code{hide-subtree}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 @item C-c C-s
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 Make everything under this heading visible, including body,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 subheadings, and their bodies (@code{show-subtree}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 @item C-c C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 Make the body of this heading line, and of all its subheadings,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 invisible (@code{hide-leaves}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 @item C-c C-k
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 Make all subheadings of this heading line, at all levels, visible
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 47795
diff changeset
1065 (@code{show-branches}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 @item C-c C-i
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of this heading line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 visible (@code{show-children}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 @item C-c C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 Make this heading line's body invisible (@code{hide-entry}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 @item C-c C-e
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 Make this heading line's body visible (@code{show-entry}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 @item C-c C-q
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 Hide everything except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 (@code{hide-sublevels}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 @item C-c C-o
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 Hide everything except for the heading or body that point is in, plus
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 the headings leading up from there to the top level of the outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 (@code{hide-other}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 @findex hide-entry
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 @findex show-entry
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 Two commands that are exact opposites are @kbd{C-c C-c}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 (@code{hide-entry}) and @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{show-entry}). They are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 used with point on a heading line, and apply only to the body lines of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 that heading. Subheadings and their bodies are not affected.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 @findex hide-subtree
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 @findex show-subtree
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 @cindex subtree (Outline mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 Two more powerful opposites are @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{hide-subtree}) and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{show-subtree}). Both expect to be used when point is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 on a heading line, and both apply to all the lines of that heading's
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 @dfn{subtree}: its body, all its subheadings, both direct and indirect, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 all of their bodies. In other words, the subtree contains everything
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 following this heading line, up to and not including the next heading of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 the same or higher rank.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 @findex hide-leaves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 @findex show-branches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 Intermediate between a visible subtree and an invisible one is having
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 all the subheadings visible but none of the body. There are two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 commands for doing this, depending on whether you want to hide the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 bodies or make the subheadings visible. They are @kbd{C-c C-l}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 (@code{hide-leaves}) and @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{show-branches}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 @findex show-children
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 A little weaker than @code{show-branches} is @kbd{C-c C-i}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 (@code{show-children}). It makes just the direct subheadings
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 visible---those one level down. Deeper subheadings remain invisible, if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 they were invisible.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 @findex hide-body
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 @findex show-all
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 Two commands have a blanket effect on the whole file. @kbd{C-c C-t}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 (@code{hide-body}) makes all body lines invisible, so that you see just
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 the outline structure. @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{show-all}) makes all lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 visible. These commands can be thought of as a pair of opposites even
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 though @kbd{C-c C-a} applies to more than just body lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 @findex hide-sublevels
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 The command @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{hide-sublevels}) hides all but the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 top level headings. With a numeric argument @var{n}, it hides everything
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 @findex hide-other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Outline mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 The command @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{hide-other}) hides everything except
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 the heading or body text that point is in, plus its parents (the headers
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 leading up from there to top level in the outline).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 You can turn off the use of ellipses at the ends of visible lines by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 setting @code{selective-display-ellipses} to @code{nil}. Then there is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 no visible indication of the presence of invisible lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146
47795
d66b0396e911 (Outline Visibility): Mention reveal-mode.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46813
diff changeset
1147 @findex reveal-mode
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 it makes that part of the buffer visible. If you exit the search
47795
d66b0396e911 (Outline Visibility): Mention reveal-mode.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46813
diff changeset
1150 at that position, the text remains visible. You can also
d66b0396e911 (Outline Visibility): Mention reveal-mode.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46813
diff changeset
1151 automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using
d66b0396e911 (Outline Visibility): Mention reveal-mode.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46813
diff changeset
1152 @kbd{M-x reveal-mode}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 @node Outline Views
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 @cindex multiple views of outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 @cindex views of an outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 @cindex outline with multiple views
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 @cindex indirect buffers and outlines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 You can display two views of a single outline at the same time, in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 different windows. To do this, you must create an indirect buffer using
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}. The first argument of this command is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 the existing outline buffer name, and its second argument is the name to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 use for the new indirect buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 Once the indirect buffer exists, you can display it in a window in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 normal fashion, with @kbd{C-x 4 b} or other Emacs commands. The Outline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 mode commands to show and hide parts of the text operate on each buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 independently; as a result, each buffer can have its own view. If you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 want more than two views on the same outline, create additional indirect
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 buffers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1174 @node Foldout
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1175 @subsection Folding Editing
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1176
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1177 @cindex folding editing
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1178 The Foldout package extends Outline mode and Outline minor mode with
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1179 ``folding'' commands. The idea of folding is that you zoom in on a
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1180 nested portion of the outline, while hiding its relatives at higher
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1181 levels.
30867
4efccb9e6f23 iso-cvt, tildify, bibtex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1182
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1183 Consider an Outline mode buffer all the text and subheadings under
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1184 level-1 headings hidden. To look at what is hidden under one of these
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1185 headings, you could use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@kbd{M-x show-entry}) to expose
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1186 the body, or @kbd{C-c C-i} to expose the child (level-2) headings.
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1187
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1188 @kindex C-c C-z
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1189 @findex foldout-zoom-subtree
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1190 With Foldout, you use @kbd{C-c C-z} (@kbd{M-x foldout-zoom-subtree}).
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1191 This exposes the body and child subheadings, and narrows the buffer so
38229
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1192 that only the @w{level-1} heading, the body and the level-2 headings are
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1193 visible. Now to look under one of the level-2 headings, position the
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1194 cursor on it and use @kbd{C-c C-z} again. This exposes the level-2 body
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1195 and its level-3 child subheadings and narrows the buffer again. Zooming
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1196 in on successive subheadings can be done as much as you like. A string
39267
a8c0a02f6129 Spelling corrections.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38951
diff changeset
1197 in the mode line shows how deep you've gone.
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1198
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1199 When zooming in on a heading, to see only the child subheadings specify
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1200 a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u C-c C-z}. The number of levels of children
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1201 can be specified too (compare @kbd{M-x show-children}), e.g.@: @kbd{M-2
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1202 C-c C-z} exposes two levels of child subheadings. Alternatively, the
39267
a8c0a02f6129 Spelling corrections.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38951
diff changeset
1203 body can be specified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1204 whole subtree can be expanded, similarly to @kbd{C-c C-s} (@kbd{M-x
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1205 show-subtree}), by specifying a zero argument: @kbd{M-0 C-c C-z}.
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1206
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1207 While you're zoomed in, you can still use Outline mode's exposure and
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1208 hiding functions without disturbing Foldout. Also, since the buffer is
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1209 narrowed, ``global'' editing actions will only affect text under the
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1210 zoomed-in heading. This is useful for restricting changes to a
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1211 particular chapter or section of your document.
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1212
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1213 @kindex C-c C-x
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1214 @findex foldout-exit-fold
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1215 To unzoom (exit) a fold, use @kbd{C-c C-x} (@kbd{M-x foldout-exit-fold}).
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1216 This hides all the text and subheadings under the top-level heading and
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1217 returns you to the previous view of the buffer. Specifying a numeric
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1218 argument exits that many levels of folds. Specifying a zero argument exits all
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1219 folds.
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1220
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1221 To cancel the narrowing of a fold without hiding the text and
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1222 subheadings, specify a negative argument. For example, @kbd{M--2 C-c
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1223 C-x} exits two folds and leaves the text and subheadings exposed.
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1224
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1225 Foldout mode also provides mouse commands for entering and exiting
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1226 folds, and for showing and hiding text:
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1227
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1228 @table @asis
40651
96973a484b73 Convert M-C- to C-M-.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39287
diff changeset
1229 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on
38229
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1230 @itemize @asis
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1231 @item
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1232 single click: expose body.
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1233 @item
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1234 double click: expose subheadings.
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1235 @item
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1236 triple click: expose body and subheadings.
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1237 @item
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1238 quad click: expose entire subtree.
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1239 @end itemize
40651
96973a484b73 Convert M-C- to C-M-.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39287
diff changeset
1240 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on
38951
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1241 @itemize @asis
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1242 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1243 single click: expose body.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1244 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1245 double click: expose subheadings.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1246 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1247 triple click: expose body and subheadings.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1248 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1249 quad click: expose entire subtree.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1250 @end itemize
40651
96973a484b73 Convert M-C- to C-M-.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39287
diff changeset
1251 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold
38951
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1252 @itemize @asis
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1253 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1254 single click: hide subtree.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1255 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1256 double click: exit fold and hide text.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1257 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1258 triple click: exit fold without hiding text.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1259 @item
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1260 quad click: exit all folds and hide text.
7495f1fcfe14 Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38870
diff changeset
1261 @end itemize
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1262 @end table
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1263
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1264 @vindex foldout-mouse-modifiers
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1265 You can specify different modifier keys (instead of
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1266 @kbd{Control-Meta-}) by setting @code{foldout-mouse-modifiers}; but if
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1267 you have already loaded the @file{foldout.el} library, you must reload
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1268 it in order for this to take effect.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1269
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1270 To use the Foldout package, you can type @kbd{M-x load-library
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1271 @key{RET} foldout @key{RET}}; or you can arrange for to do that
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1272 automatically by putting this in your @file{.emacs} file:
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1273
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1274 @example
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1275 (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout))
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1276 @end example
28328
d1e81f2b036f Document Foldout.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27207
diff changeset
1277
46247
2e162cb1a7ac (TeX Mode): Remove explicit next/prev/up in @node line.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46234
diff changeset
1278 @node TeX Mode
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 @section @TeX{} Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @cindex @TeX{} mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 @cindex La@TeX{} mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 @cindex Sli@TeX{} mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 @cindex mode, @TeX{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 @cindex mode, La@TeX{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 @cindex mode, Sli@TeX{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 @findex tex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 @findex plain-tex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 @findex latex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 @findex slitex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; it is also
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 free, like GNU Emacs. La@TeX{} is a simplified input format for @TeX{},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 implemented by @TeX{} macros; it comes with @TeX{}. Sli@TeX{} is a special
30867
4efccb9e6f23 iso-cvt, tildify, bibtex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1294 form of La@TeX{}.@footnote{Sli@TeX{} is obsoleted by the @samp{slides}
4efccb9e6f23 iso-cvt, tildify, bibtex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1295 document class in recent La@TeX{} versions.}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 Emacs has a special @TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} input files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 It provides facilities for checking the balance of delimiters and for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 invoking @TeX{} on all or part of the file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 @vindex tex-default-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 @TeX{} mode has three variants, Plain @TeX{} mode, La@TeX{} mode, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 Sli@TeX{} mode (these three distinct major modes differ only slightly).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 They are designed for editing the three different formats. The command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 @kbd{M-x tex-mode} looks at the contents of the buffer to determine
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 whether the contents appear to be either La@TeX{} input or Sli@TeX{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 input; if so, it selects the appropriate mode. If the file contents do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 not appear to be La@TeX{} or Sli@TeX{}, it selects Plain @TeX{} mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 If the contents are insufficient to determine this, the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 @code{tex-default-mode} controls which mode is used.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 When @kbd{M-x tex-mode} does not guess right, you can use the commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, and @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 slitex-mode} to select explicitly the particular variants of @TeX{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 @menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 * LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1321 * Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 @end menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @node TeX Editing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 @subsection @TeX{} Editing Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 Here are the special commands provided in @TeX{} mode for editing the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 text of the file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 @item "
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 Insert, according to context, either @samp{``} or @samp{"} or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 @samp{''} (@code{tex-insert-quote}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 @item C-j
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 @item M-x tex-validate-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 Check each paragraph in the region for unbalanced braces or dollar signs.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 @item C-c @{
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 Insert @samp{@{@}} and position point between them (@code{tex-insert-braces}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 @item C-c @}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (@code{up-list}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1344 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 @findex tex-insert-quote
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 @kindex " @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 In @TeX{}, the character @samp{"} is not normally used; we use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 @samp{``} to start a quotation and @samp{''} to end one. To make
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 editing easier under this formatting convention, @TeX{} mode overrides
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 the normal meaning of the key @kbd{"} with a command that inserts a pair
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 of single-quotes or backquotes (@code{tex-insert-quote}). To be
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 precise, this command inserts @samp{``} after whitespace or an open
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 brace, @samp{"} after a backslash, and @samp{''} after any other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 character.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 If you need the character @samp{"} itself in unusual contexts, use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 @kbd{C-q} to insert it. Also, @kbd{"} with a numeric argument always
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 inserts that number of @samp{"} characters. You can turn off the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 feature of @kbd{"} expansion by eliminating that binding in the local
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 map (@pxref{Key Bindings}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 In @TeX{} mode, @samp{$} has a special syntax code which attempts to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 understand the way @TeX{} math mode delimiters match. When you insert a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 @samp{$} that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 @samp{$} that entered math mode is displayed for a second. This is the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 same feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 is inserted. However, there is no way to tell whether a @samp{$} enters
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369 math mode or leaves it; so when you insert a @samp{$} that enters math
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 mode, the previous @samp{$} position is shown as if it were a match, even
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 though they are actually unrelated.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 @findex tex-insert-braces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374 @kindex C-c @{ @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 @findex up-list
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 @kindex C-c @} @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377 @TeX{} uses braces as delimiters that must match. Some users prefer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 singly. Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 braces. It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 text that belongs inside. Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382 (@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 @findex tex-validate-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 @findex tex-terminate-paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 @kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. @kbd{C-j}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and
38870
d44abb4e68b2 Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38478
diff changeset
1389 inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It outputs a message in
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 the echo area if any mismatch is found. @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 checks a region, paragraph by paragraph. The errors are listed in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 @samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 that buffer to go to a particular mismatch.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 Note that Emacs commands count square brackets and parentheses in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 @TeX{} mode, not just braces. This is not strictly correct for the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 purpose of checking @TeX{} syntax. However, parentheses and square
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 brackets are likely to be used in text as matching delimiters and it is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 useful for the various motion commands and automatic match display to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400 work with them.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402 @node LaTeX Editing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 @subsection La@TeX{} Editing Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 La@TeX{} mode, and its variant, Sli@TeX{} mode, provide a few extra
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 features not applicable to plain @TeX{}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 @item C-c C-o
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 Insert @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} for La@TeX{} block and position
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 point on a line between them (@code{tex-latex-block}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 @item C-c C-e
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413 Close the innermost La@TeX{} block not yet closed
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 (@code{tex-close-latex-block}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 @findex tex-latex-block
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(La@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 @vindex latex-block-names
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands are used to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 group blocks of text. To insert a @samp{\begin} and a matching
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 @samp{\end} (on a new line following the @samp{\begin}), use @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 C-o} (@code{tex-latex-block}). A blank line is inserted between the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 two, and point is left there. You can use completion when you enter the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 block type; to specify additional block type names beyond the standard
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 list, set the variable @code{latex-block-names}. For example, here's
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427 how to add @samp{theorem}, @samp{corollary}, and @samp{proof}:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 (setq latex-block-names '("theorem" "corollary" "proof"))
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 @findex tex-close-latex-block
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(La@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands must
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 balance. You can use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{tex-close-latex-block}) to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 insert automatically a matching @samp{\end} to match the last unmatched
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 @samp{\begin}. It indents the @samp{\end} to match the corresponding
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 @samp{\begin}. It inserts a newline after @samp{\end} if point is at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 the beginning of a line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 @node TeX Print
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 @subsection @TeX{} Printing Commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 You can invoke @TeX{} as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running @TeX{} in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 this way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 look like without taking the time to format the entire file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 @item C-c C-r
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 Invoke @TeX{} on the current region, together with the buffer's header
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 (@code{tex-region}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 @item C-c C-b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 Invoke @TeX{} on the entire current buffer (@code{tex-buffer}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 @item C-c @key{TAB}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 Invoke Bib@TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-bibtex-file}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 @item C-c C-f
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 Invoke @TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-file}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 @item C-c C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461 Recenter the window showing output from the inferior @TeX{} so that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 the last line can be seen (@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 @item C-c C-k
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 Kill the @TeX{} subprocess (@code{tex-kill-job}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 @item C-c C-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 Print the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 C-f} command (@code{tex-print}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 @item C-c C-v
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 Preview the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 C-f} command (@code{tex-view}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 @item C-c C-q
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 Show the printer queue (@code{tex-show-print-queue}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 @findex tex-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 @findex tex-print
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 @findex tex-view
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 @findex tex-show-print-queue
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 You can pass the current buffer through an inferior @TeX{} by means of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{tex-buffer}). The formatted output appears in a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 temporary file; to print it, type @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{tex-print}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 Afterward, you can use @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{tex-show-print-queue}) to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 view the progress of your output towards being printed. If your terminal
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 has the ability to display @TeX{} output files, you can preview the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 output on the terminal with @kbd{C-c C-v} (@code{tex-view}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28328
diff changeset
1491 @cindex @env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 @vindex tex-directory
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 You can specify the directory to use for running @TeX{} by setting the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 variable @code{tex-directory}. @code{"."} is the default value. If
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28328
diff changeset
1495 your environment variable @env{TEXINPUTS} contains relative directory
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 names, or if your files contains @samp{\input} commands with relative
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 file names, then @code{tex-directory} @emph{must} be @code{"."} or you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 will get the wrong results. Otherwise, it is safe to specify some other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 directory, such as @code{"/tmp"}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 @vindex tex-run-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502 @vindex latex-run-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 @vindex slitex-run-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 @vindex tex-dvi-print-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 @vindex tex-dvi-view-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 @vindex tex-show-queue-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 If you want to specify which shell commands are used in the inferior @TeX{},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 you can do so by setting the values of the variables @code{tex-run-command},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509 @code{latex-run-command}, @code{slitex-run-command},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510 @code{tex-dvi-print-command}, @code{tex-dvi-view-command}, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 @code{tex-show-queue-command}. You @emph{must} set the value of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512 @code{tex-dvi-view-command} for your particular terminal; this variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 has no default value. The other variables have default values that may
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 (or may not) be appropriate for your system.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516 Normally, the file name given to these commands comes at the end of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 the command string; for example, @samp{latex @var{filename}}. In some
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1518 cases, however, the file name needs to be embedded in the command; an
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1519 example is when you need to provide the file name as an argument to one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1520 command whose output is piped to another. You can specify where to put
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521 the file name with @samp{*} in the command string. For example,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 (setq tex-dvi-print-command "dvips -f * | lpr")
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 @findex tex-kill-job
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 @findex tex-recenter-output-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531 The terminal output from @TeX{}, including any error messages, appears
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532 in a buffer called @samp{*tex-shell*}. If @TeX{} gets an error, you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 switch to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1534 @pxref{Interactive Shell}). Without switching to this buffer you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1535 scroll it so that its last line is visible by typing @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1536 C-l}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1537
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1538 Type @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{tex-kill-job}) to kill the @TeX{} process if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1539 you see that its output is no longer useful. Using @kbd{C-c C-b} or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1540 @kbd{C-c C-r} also kills any @TeX{} process still running.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1541
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 @findex tex-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 @kindex C-c C-r @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 You can also pass an arbitrary region through an inferior @TeX{} by typing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545 @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{tex-region}). This is tricky, however, because most files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546 of @TeX{} input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1547 define macros, without which no later part of the file will format
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1548 correctly. To solve this problem, @kbd{C-c C-r} allows you to designate a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549 part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included before
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 the specified region as part of the input to @TeX{}. The designated part
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551 of the file is called the @dfn{header}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1552
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 @cindex header (@TeX{} mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1554 To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain @TeX{} mode, you insert two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1555 special strings in the file. Insert @samp{%**start of header} before the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1556 header, and @samp{%**end of header} after it. Each string must appear
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557 entirely on one line, but there may be other text on the line before or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 after. The lines containing the two strings are included in the header.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 If @samp{%**start of header} does not appear within the first 100 lines of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 the buffer, @kbd{C-c C-r} assumes that there is no header.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1562 In La@TeX{} mode, the header begins with @samp{\documentclass} or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1563 @samp{\documentstyle} and ends with @samp{\begin@{document@}}. These
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1564 are commands that La@TeX{} requires you to use in any case, so nothing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1565 special needs to be done to identify the header.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 @findex tex-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1569 The commands (@code{tex-buffer}) and (@code{tex-region}) do all of their
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1570 work in a temporary directory, and do not have available any of the auxiliary
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1571 files needed by @TeX{} for cross-references; these commands are generally
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1572 not suitable for running the final copy in which all of the cross-references
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1573 need to be correct.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1574
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 When you want the auxiliary files for cross references, use @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1576 C-f} (@code{tex-file}) which runs @TeX{} on the current buffer's file,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1577 in that file's directory. Before running @TeX{}, it offers to save any
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 modified buffers. Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1579 get the cross-references right.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1580
46209
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1581 @vindex tex-start-options
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1582 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1583 options for the @TeX{} run.
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1584
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1585 @vindex tex-start-commands
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1586 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{}
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1587 commands for starting @TeX{}. The default value causes @TeX{} to run
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1588 in nonstop mode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1589 @code{""}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1590
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 @vindex tex-main-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592 Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 file, plus subfiles. Running @TeX{} on a subfile typically does not
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594 work; you have to run it on the main file. In order to make
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595 @code{tex-file} useful when you are editing a subfile, you can set the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 variable @code{tex-main-file} to the name of the main file. Then
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597 @code{tex-file} runs @TeX{} on that file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599 The most convenient way to use @code{tex-main-file} is to specify it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600 in a local variable list in each of the subfiles. @xref{File
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 Variables}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603 @findex tex-bibtex-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605 @vindex tex-bibtex-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 For La@TeX{} files, you can use Bib@TeX{} to process the auxiliary
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 file for the current buffer's file. Bib@TeX{} looks up bibliographic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 citations in a data base and prepares the cited references for the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 bibliography section. The command @kbd{C-c TAB}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610 (@code{tex-bibtex-file}) runs the shell command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611 (@code{tex-bibtex-command}) to produce a @samp{.bbl} file for the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1612 current buffer's file. Generally, you need to do @kbd{C-c C-f}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1613 (@code{tex-file}) once to generate the @samp{.aux} file, then do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614 @kbd{C-c TAB} (@code{tex-bibtex-file}), and then repeat @kbd{C-c C-f}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615 (@code{tex-file}) twice more to get the cross-references correct.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616
36179
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1617 @node TeX Misc
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1618 @subsection @TeX{} Mode Miscellany
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1619
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1620 @vindex tex-shell-hook
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1621 @vindex tex-mode-hook
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1622 @vindex latex-mode-hook
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1623 @vindex slitex-mode-hook
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1624 @vindex plain-tex-mode-hook
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1625 Entering any variant of @TeX{} mode runs the hooks
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1626 @code{text-mode-hook} and @code{tex-mode-hook}. Then it runs either
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1627 @code{plain-tex-mode-hook}, @code{latex-mode-hook}, or
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1628 @code{slitex-mode-hook}, whichever is appropriate. Starting the
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1629 @TeX{} shell runs the hook @code{tex-shell-hook}. @xref{Hooks}.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1630
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1631 @findex iso-iso2tex
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1632 @findex iso-tex2iso
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1633 @findex iso-iso2gtex
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1634 @findex iso-gtex2iso
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1635 @cindex Latin-1 @TeX{} encoding
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1636 @TeX{} encoding
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1637 The commands @kbd{M-x iso-iso2tex}, @kbd{M-x iso-tex2iso}, @kbd{M-x
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1638 iso-iso2gtex} and @kbd{M-x iso-gtex2iso} can be used to convert
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1639 between Latin-1 encoded files and @TeX{}-encoded equivalents.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1640 @ignore
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1641 @c Too cryptic to be useful, too cryptic for me to make it better -- rms.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1642 They
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1643 are included by default in the @code{format-alist} variable, so they
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1644 can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-file}, for instance.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1645 @end ignore
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1646
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1647 @ignore @c Not worth documenting if it is only for Czech -- rms.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1648 @findex tildify-buffer
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1649 @findex tildify-region
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1650 @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1651 @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1652 The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region}
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1653 insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1654 required. This is set up for Czech---customize the group
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1655 @samp{tildify} for other languages or for other sorts of markup.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1656 @end ignore
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1657
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1658 @cindex Ref@TeX{} package
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1659 @cindex references, La@TeX{}
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1660 @cindex La@TeX{} references
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1661 For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1662 Ref@TeX{}. @xref{Top, , RefTeX, reftex}.
32fc1ec13574 Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 32782
diff changeset
1663
46234
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1664 @node HTML Mode
46397
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1665 @section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes
46234
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1666
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1667 The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1668 commands to operate on tags. This section describes the special
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1669 commands of these modes. (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1670 of SGML mode.)
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1671
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1672 @table @kbd
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1673 @item C-c C-n
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1674 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1675 @findex sgml-name-char
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1676 Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1677 @samp{&}-command for that character.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1678
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1679 @item C-c C-t
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1680 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1681 @findex sgml-tag
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1682 Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}).
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1683 This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values,
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1684 then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1685 between them.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1686
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1687 With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1688 @var{n} words already present in the buffer after point. With
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1689 @minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region. (In
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1690 Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.)
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1691
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1692 @item C-c C-a
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1693 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1694 @findex sgml-attributes
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1695 Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1696 (@code{sgml-attributes}).
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1697
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1698 @item C-c C-f
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1699 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1700 @findex sgml-skip-tag-forward
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1701 Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1702 through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}).
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1703 A numeric argument acts as a repeat count.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1704
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1705 @item C-c C-b
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1706 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1707 @findex sgml-skip-tag-backward
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1708 Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1709 opening tag through its corresponding closing tag)
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1710 (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). A numeric argument acts as a repeat
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1711 count.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1712
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1713 @item C-c C-d
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1714 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1715 @findex sgml-delete-tag
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1716 Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1717 (@code{sgml-delete-tag}). If the tag at or after point is an opening
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1718 tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1719 opening tag too.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1720
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1721 @item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1722 @kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1723 @findex sgml-tag-help
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1724 Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1725 (@code{sgml-tag-help}). If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1726 the tag at point.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1727
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1728 @item C-c /
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1729 @kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1730 @findex sgml-close-tag
46397
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1731 Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1732 (@code{sgml-close-tag}). If called from within a tag or a comment,
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1733 close this element instead of inserting a close tag.
46234
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1734
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1735 @item C-c 8
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1736 @kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1737 @findex sgml-name-8bit-mode
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1738 Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1739 corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1740 characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}).
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1741
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1742 @item C-c C-v
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1743 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)}
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1744 @findex sgml-validate
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1745 Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1746 buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}).
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1747
46397
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1748 @item C-x TAB
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1749 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)}
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1750 @findex sgml-tags-invisible
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1751 Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer. This can be
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1752 used as a cheap preview.
46398
77eee86ab97d (HTML Mode): Put `@end table' at end of table.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 46397
diff changeset
1753 @end table
46397
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1754
46234
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1755 @vindex sgml-xml-mode
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1756 SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also. In XML, every opening tag
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1757 must have an explicit closing tag. When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1758 non-@code{nil}, SGML mode (and HTML mode) always insert explicit
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1759 closing tags. When you visit a file, these modes determine from the
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1760 file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode}
46397
2f9698c0ca31 *** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 46247
diff changeset
1761 accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either
46234
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1762 case.
58b8a59669f4 New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46209
diff changeset
1763
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1764 @node Nroff Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1765 @section Nroff Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1766
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1767 @cindex nroff
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1768 @findex nroff-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1769 Nroff mode is a mode like Text mode but modified to handle nroff commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1770 present in the text. Invoke @kbd{M-x nroff-mode} to enter this mode. It
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1771 differs from Text mode in only a few ways. All nroff command lines are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1772 considered paragraph separators, so that filling will never garble the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1773 nroff commands. Pages are separated by @samp{.bp} commands. Comments
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1774 start with backslash-doublequote. Also, three special commands are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1775 provided that are not in Text mode:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1776
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1777 @findex forward-text-line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1778 @findex backward-text-line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1779 @findex count-text-lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1780 @kindex M-n @r{(Nroff mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1781 @kindex M-p @r{(Nroff mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1782 @kindex M-? @r{(Nroff mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1783 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1784 @item M-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1785 Move to the beginning of the next line that isn't an nroff command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1786 (@code{forward-text-line}). An argument is a repeat count.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1787 @item M-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1788 Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1789 @item M-?
38870
d44abb4e68b2 Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38478
diff changeset
1790 Displays in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1791 nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1792 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1793
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1794 @findex electric-nroff-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1795 The other feature of Nroff mode is that you can turn on Electric Nroff
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1796 mode. This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1797 electric-nroff-mode} (@pxref{Minor Modes}). When the mode is on, each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1798 time you use @key{RET} to end a line that contains an nroff command that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1799 opens a kind of grouping, the matching nroff command to close that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1800 grouping is automatically inserted on the following line. For example,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1801 if you are at the beginning of a line and type @kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1802 this inserts the matching command @samp{.)b} on a new line following
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1803 point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1804
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1805 If you use Outline minor mode with Nroff mode (@pxref{Outline Mode}),
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1806 heading lines are lines of the form @samp{.H} followed by a number (the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1807 header level).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1808
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1809 @vindex nroff-mode-hook
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1810 Entering Nroff mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}, followed by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1811 the hook @code{nroff-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1812
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1813 @node Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1814 @section Editing Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1815
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1816 @cindex Enriched mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1817 @cindex mode, Enriched
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1818 @cindex formatted text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1819 @cindex WYSIWYG
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1820 @cindex word processing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1821 @dfn{Enriched mode} is a minor mode for editing files that contain
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1822 formatted text in WYSIWYG fashion, as in a word processor. Currently,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1823 formatted text in Enriched mode can specify fonts, colors, underlining,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1824 margins, and types of filling and justification. In the future, we plan
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1825 to implement other formatting features as well.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1826
38229
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1827 Enriched mode is a minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). It is
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1828 typically used in conjunction with Text mode (@pxref{Text Mode}), but
ae24bb82158d Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38134
diff changeset
1829 you can also use it with other major modes such as Outline mode and
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1830 Paragraph-Indent Text mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1831
30867
4efccb9e6f23 iso-cvt, tildify, bibtex-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1832 @cindex text/enriched MIME format
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1833 Potentially, Emacs can store formatted text files in various file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1834 formats. Currently, only one format is implemented: @dfn{text/enriched}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1835 format, which is defined by the MIME protocol. @xref{Format
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1836 Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1837 for details of how Emacs recognizes and converts file formats.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1838
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1839 The Emacs distribution contains a formatted text file that can serve as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1840 an example. Its name is @file{etc/enriched.doc}. It contains samples
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1841 illustrating all the features described in this section. It also
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1842 contains a list of ideas for future enhancements.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1843
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1844 @menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1845 * Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1846 * Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1847 * Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1848 * Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1849 * Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1850 * Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 * Justification: Format Justification.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 47795
diff changeset
1852 Centering, setting text flush with the
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1853 left or right margin, etc.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1854 * Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1855 * Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1856 @end menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1857
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1858 @node Requesting Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1859 @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1860
46209
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1861 Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1862 format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1863 file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1864 properties}), and turns on Enriched mode.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1865
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1866 @findex enriched-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1867 To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1868 file, then type @kbd{M-x enriched-mode} before you start inserting text.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1869 This command turns on Enriched mode. Do this before you begin inserting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1870 text, to ensure that the text you insert is handled properly.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1871
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1872 More generally, the command @code{enriched-mode} turns Enriched mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1873 on if it was off, and off if it was on. With a prefix argument, this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1874 command turns Enriched mode on if the argument is positive, and turns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1875 the mode off otherwise.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1876
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877 When you save a buffer while Enriched mode is enabled in it, Emacs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1878 automatically converts the text to text/enriched format while writing it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1879 into the file. When you visit the file again, Emacs will automatically
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1880 recognize the format, reconvert the text, and turn on Enriched mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1881 again.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 @vindex enriched-fill-after-visiting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1884 Normally, after visiting a file in text/enriched format, Emacs refills
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1885 each paragraph to fit the specified right margin. You can turn off this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1886 refilling, to save time, by setting the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1887 @code{enriched-fill-after-visiting} to @code{nil} or to @code{ask}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 However, when visiting a file that was saved from Enriched mode, there
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1890 is no need for refilling, because Emacs saves the right margin settings
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 along with the text.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893 @vindex enriched-translations
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1894 You can add annotations for saving additional text properties, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1895 Emacs normally does not save, by adding to @code{enriched-translations}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1896 Note that the text/enriched standard requires any non-standard
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1897 annotations to have names starting with @samp{x-}, as in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1898 @samp{x-read-only}. This ensures that they will not conflict with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899 standard annotations that may be added later.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900
46209
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1901 @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual},
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1902 for more information about text properties.
f80386540ed6 Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 45312
diff changeset
1903
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904 @node Hard and Soft Newlines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1906 @cindex hard newline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1907 @cindex soft newline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1908 @cindex newlines, hard and soft
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1909
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910 In formatted text, Emacs distinguishes between two different kinds of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911 newlines, @dfn{hard} newlines and @dfn{soft} newlines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1913 Hard newlines are used to separate paragraphs, or items in a list, or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1914 anywhere that there should always be a line break regardless of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915 margins. The @key{RET} command (@code{newline}) and @kbd{C-o}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916 (@code{open-line}) insert hard newlines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1917
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1918 Soft newlines are used to make text fit between the margins. All the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1919 fill commands, including Auto Fill, insert soft newlines---and they
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1920 delete only soft newlines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1921
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1922 Although hard and soft newlines look the same, it is important to bear
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1923 the difference in mind. Do not use @key{RET} to break lines in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1924 middle of filled paragraphs, or else you will get hard newlines that are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1925 barriers to further filling. Instead, let Auto Fill mode break lines,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1926 so that if the text or the margins change, Emacs can refill the lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1927 properly. @xref{Auto Fill}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1928
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1929 On the other hand, in tables and lists, where the lines should always
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1930 remain as you type them, you can use @key{RET} to end lines. For these
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1931 lines, you may also want to set the justification style to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1932 @code{unfilled}. @xref{Format Justification}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1933
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1934 @node Editing Format Info
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1935 @subsection Editing Format Information
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1936
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1937 There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1938 text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1939
40764
d2264ed210a7 Along with Text Properties menu, mention keyboard commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40651
diff changeset
1940 The easiest way to add properties to your document is with the Text
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1941 Properties menu. You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit
40779
a09c65c0b5e2 Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40778
diff changeset
1942 menu in the menu bar (use @kbd{@key{F10} e t} if you have no mouse),
a09c65c0b5e2 Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40778
diff changeset
1943 or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key and press the middle
a09c65c0b5e2 Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40778
diff changeset
1944 mouse button). There are also keyboard commands described in the
a09c65c0b5e2 Minor Texinfo usage fix.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40778
diff changeset
1945 following section.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1946
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1947 Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1948 These are described in the sections that follow. Some items run
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1949 commands directly:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1950
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1951 @table @code
40778
306eea7b9fdc (Editing Format Info):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40764
diff changeset
1952 @findex facemenu-remove-face-props
306eea7b9fdc (Editing Format Info):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40764
diff changeset
1953 @item Remove Face Properties
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1954 Delete from the region all the text properties that the Text Properties
40778
306eea7b9fdc (Editing Format Info):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40764
diff changeset
1955 menu works with (@code{facemenu-remove-face-props}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1956
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1957 @findex facemenu-remove-all
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1958 @item Remove All
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1959 Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1960 (@code{facemenu-remove-all}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1961
44679
c44f2c24d43c Document describe-text-at, not list-text-properties-at.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40779
diff changeset
1962 @findex describe-text-at
45312
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1963 @cindex text properties of characters
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1964 @cindex overlays at character position
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1965 @cindex widgets at buffer position
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1966 @cindex buttons at buffer position
44679
c44f2c24d43c Document describe-text-at, not list-text-properties-at.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40779
diff changeset
1967 @item Describe Text
45312
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1968 List all the text properties, widgets, buttons, and overlays of the
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1969 character following point (@code{describe-text-at}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1970
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1971 @item Display Faces
40778
306eea7b9fdc (Editing Format Info):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40764
diff changeset
1972 Display a list of all the defined faces (@code{list-faces-display}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1973
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1974 @item Display Colors
40778
306eea7b9fdc (Editing Format Info):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40764
diff changeset
1975 Display a list of all the defined colors (@code{list-colors-display}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1976 @end table
45312
2928a834a4d7 (Editing Format Info): Add index entries for text properties at point.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 44679
diff changeset
1977
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1978 @node Format Faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1979 @subsection Faces in Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1980
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1981 The Faces submenu lists various Emacs faces including @code{bold},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1982 @code{italic}, and @code{underline}. Selecting one of these adds the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1983 chosen face to the region. @xref{Faces}. You can also specify a face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1984 with these keyboard commands:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1985
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1986 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1987 @kindex M-g d @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1988 @findex facemenu-set-default
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1989 @item M-g d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1990 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{default} face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1991 (@code{facemenu-set-default}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1992 @kindex M-g b @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1993 @findex facemenu-set-bold
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1994 @item M-g b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1995 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold} face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1996 (@code{facemenu-set-bold}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1997 @kindex M-g i @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1998 @findex facemenu-set-italic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1999 @item M-g i
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2000 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{italic} face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2001 (@code{facemenu-set-italic}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2002 @kindex M-g l @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2003 @findex facemenu-set-bold-italic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2004 @item M-g l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2005 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold-italic} face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2006 (@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2007 @kindex M-g u @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2008 @findex facemenu-set-underline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2009 @item M-g u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2010 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{underline} face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2011 (@code{facemenu-set-underline}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2012 @kindex M-g o @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2013 @findex facemenu-set-face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2014 @item M-g o @var{face} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2015 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the face @var{face}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2016 (@code{facemenu-set-face}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2017 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2018
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2019 If you use these commands with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2020 mode, if the region is not active---then these commands specify a face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2021 to use for your next self-inserting input. @xref{Transient Mark}. This
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2022 applies to both the keyboard commands and the menu commands.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2023
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2024 Enriched mode defines two additional faces: @code{excerpt} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2025 @code{fixed}. These correspond to codes used in the text/enriched file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2026 format.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2027
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028 The @code{excerpt} face is intended for quotations. This face is the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 same as @code{italic} unless you customize it (@pxref{Face Customization}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030
36790
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2031 The @code{fixed} face means, ``Use a fixed-width font for this part
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2032 of the text.'' This makes a visible difference only if you have
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2033 specified a variable-width font in the default face; however, even if
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2034 the default font is fixed-width, applying the @code{fixed} face to a
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2035 part of the text will cause that part of the text to appear in a
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2036 fixed-width font, if the file is ever displayed with a variable-width
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2037 default font. This applies to Emacs and to other systems that display
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2038 text/enriched format. So if you specifically want a certain part of
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2039 the text to use a fixed-width font, you should specify the
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2040 @code{fixed} face for that part.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2041
36790
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2042 The @code{fixed} face is normally set up to use a different font
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2043 from the default, even if the default face is also fixed-width.
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2044 Different systems have different fonts installed, so you may need to
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2045 customize this. @xref{Face Customization}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046
36790
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2047 If your terminal cannot display different faces, you will not be
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2048 able to see them, but you can still edit documents containing faces,
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2049 and even add faces and colors to documents. The faces you specify
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2050 will be visible when the file is viewed on a terminal that can display
d91ec7a1c11e Format Faces: Update info on `fixed' face
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36299
diff changeset
2051 them.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2052
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2053 @node Format Colors
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2054 @subsection Colors in Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2055
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2056 You can specify foreground and background colors for portions of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2057 text. There is a menu for specifying the foreground color and a menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2058 for specifying the background color. Each color menu lists all the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2059 colors that you have used in Enriched mode in the current Emacs session.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2061 If you specify a color with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062 mode, if the region is not active---then it applies to your next
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063 self-inserting input. @xref{Transient Mark}. Otherwise, the command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2064 applies to the region.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2065
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2066 Each color menu contains one additional item: @samp{Other}. You can use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2067 this item to specify a color that is not listed in the menu; it reads
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2068 the color name with the minibuffer. To display list of available colors
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2069 and their names, use the @samp{Display Colors} menu item in the Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2070 Properties menu (@pxref{Editing Format Info}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2071
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2072 Any color that you specify in this way, or that is mentioned in a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2073 formatted text file that you read in, is added to both color menus for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2074 the duration of the Emacs session.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2075
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2076 @findex facemenu-set-foreground
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2077 @findex facemenu-set-background
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2078 There are no key bindings for specifying colors, but you can do so
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2079 with the extended commands @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2080 @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}. Both of these commands read the name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2081 of the color with the minibuffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2082
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2083 @node Format Indentation
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2084 @subsection Indentation in Formatted Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2085
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2086 When editing formatted text, you can specify different amounts of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2087 indentation for the right or left margin of an entire paragraph or a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2088 part of a paragraph. The margins you specify automatically affect the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2089 Emacs fill commands (@pxref{Filling}) and line-breaking commands.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2090
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2091 The Indentation submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2092 these properties. The submenu contains four items:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2093
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2094 @table @code
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2095 @kindex C-x TAB @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2096 @findex increase-left-margin
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2097 @item Indent More
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2098 Indent the region by 4 columns (@code{increase-left-margin}). In
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2099 Enriched mode, this command is also available on @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}; if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2100 you supply a numeric argument, that says how many columns to add to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2101 margin (a negative argument reduces the number of columns).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2102
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2103 @item Indent Less
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2104 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the region.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2105
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2106 @item Indent Right More
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2107 Make the text narrower by indenting 4 columns at the right margin.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2108
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2109 @item Indent Right Less
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2110 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the right margin.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2111 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2112
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2113 You can use these commands repeatedly to increase or decrease the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2114 indentation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2115
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2116 The most common way to use these commands is to change the indentation
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2117 of an entire paragraph. However, that is not the only use. You can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2118 change the margins at any point; the new values take effect at the end
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2119 of the line (for right margins) or the beginning of the next line (for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2120 left margins).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2121
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2122 This makes it possible to format paragraphs with @dfn{hanging indents},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2123 which means that the first line is indented less than subsequent lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2124 To set up a hanging indent, increase the indentation of the region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2125 starting after the first word of the paragraph and running until the end
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2126 of the paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2127
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2128 Indenting the first line of a paragraph is easier. Set the margin for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2129 the whole paragraph where you want it to be for the body of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2130 paragraph, then indent the first line by inserting extra spaces or tabs.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2131
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2132 Sometimes, as a result of editing, the filling of a paragraph becomes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2133 messed up---parts of the paragraph may extend past the left or right
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2134 margins. When this happens, use @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2135 refill the paragraph.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2136
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2137 @vindex standard-indent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2138 The variable @code{standard-indent} specifies how many columns these
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2139 commands should add to or subtract from the indentation. The default
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2140 value is 4. The overall default right margin for Enriched mode is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2141 controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}, as usual.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2142
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2143 The fill prefix, if any, works in addition to the specified paragraph
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2144 indentation: @kbd{C-x .} does not include the specified indentation's
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2145 whitespace in the new value for the fill prefix, and the fill commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2146 look for the fill prefix after the indentation on each line. @xref{Fill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2147 Prefix}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2148
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2149 @node Format Justification
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2150 @subsection Justification in Formatted Text
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 47795
diff changeset
2151
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2152 When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2153 justification for a paragraph. The style you specify automatically
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2154 affects the Emacs fill commands.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2155
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2156 The Justification submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2157 the style. The submenu contains five items:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2158
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2159 @table @code
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2160 @item Flush Left
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2161 This is the most common style of justification (at least for English).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2162 Lines are aligned at the left margin but left uneven at the right.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2163
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2164 @item Flush Right
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2165 This aligns each line with the right margin. Spaces and tabs are added
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2166 on the left, if necessary, to make lines line up on the right.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2167
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2168 @item Full
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2169 This justifies the text, aligning both edges of each line. Justified
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2170 text looks very nice in a printed book, where the spaces can all be
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2171 adjusted equally, but it does not look as nice with a fixed-width font
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2172 on the screen. Perhaps a future version of Emacs will be able to adjust
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2173 the width of spaces in a line to achieve elegant justification.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2174
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2175 @item Center
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2176 This centers every line between the current margins.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2177
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2178 @item None
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2179 This turns off filling entirely. Each line will remain as you wrote it;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2180 the fill and auto-fill functions will have no effect on text which has
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2181 this setting. You can, however, still indent the left margin. In
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2182 unfilled regions, all newlines are treated as hard newlines (@pxref{Hard
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2183 and Soft Newlines}) .
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2184 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2185
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2186 In Enriched mode, you can also specify justification from the keyboard
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2187 using the @kbd{M-j} prefix character:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2188
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2189 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2190 @kindex M-j l @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2191 @findex set-justification-left
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2192 @item M-j l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2193 Make the region left-filled (@code{set-justification-left}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2194 @kindex M-j r @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2195 @findex set-justification-right
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2196 @item M-j r
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2197 Make the region right-filled (@code{set-justification-right}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2198 @kindex M-j f @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2199 @findex set-justification-full
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2200 @item M-j f
54477
dcd8f8cbdae9 Small fix.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
2201 Make the region fully justified (@code{set-justification-full}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2202 @kindex M-j c @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2203 @kindex M-S @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2204 @findex set-justification-center
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2205 @item M-j c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2206 @itemx M-S
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2207 Make the region centered (@code{set-justification-center}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2208 @kindex M-j u @r{(Enriched mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2209 @findex set-justification-none
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2210 @item M-j u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2211 Make the region unfilled (@code{set-justification-none}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2212 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2213
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2214 Justification styles apply to entire paragraphs. All the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2215 justification-changing commands operate on the paragraph containing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2216 point, or, if the region is active, on all paragraphs which overlap the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2217 region.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2218
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2219 @vindex default-justification
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2220 The default justification style is specified by the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2221 @code{default-justification}. Its value should be one of the symbols
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2222 @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 47795
diff changeset
2223
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2224 @node Format Properties
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2225 @subsection Setting Other Text Properties
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2226
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2227 The Other Properties menu lets you add or remove three other useful text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2228 properties: @code{read-only}, @code{invisible} and @code{intangible}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2229 The @code{intangible} property disallows moving point within the text,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2230 the @code{invisible} text property hides text from display, and the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2231 @code{read-only} property disallows alteration of the text.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2232
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2233 Each of these special properties has a menu item to add it to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2234 region. The last menu item, @samp{Remove Special}, removes all of these
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2235 special properties from the text in the region.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2236
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2237 Currently, the @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} properties are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2238 @emph{not} saved in the text/enriched format. The @code{read-only}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2239 property is saved, but it is not a standard part of the text/enriched
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2240 format, so other editors may not respect it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2241
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2242 @node Forcing Enriched Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2243 @subsection Forcing Enriched Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2244
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2245 Normally, Emacs knows when you are editing formatted text because it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2246 recognizes the special annotations used in the file that you visited.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2247 However, there are situations in which you must take special actions
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2248 to convert file contents or turn on Enriched mode:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2249
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2250 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2251 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2252 When you visit a file that was created with some other editor, Emacs may
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2253 not recognize the file as being in the text/enriched format. In this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2254 case, when you visit the file you will see the formatting commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2255 rather than the formatted text. Type @kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer} to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2256 translate it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2257
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2258 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2259 When you @emph{insert} a file into a buffer, rather than visiting it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2260 Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2261 it does not enable Enriched mode. If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2262 enriched-mode}.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 47795
diff changeset
2263 @end itemize
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2264
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2265 The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2266 formats into Emacs's internal format. It asks you to specify the format
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2267 to translate from; however, normally you can type just @key{RET}, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2268 tells Emacs to guess the format.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2269
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2270 @findex format-find-file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2271 If you wish to look at text/enriched file in its raw form, as a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2272 sequence of characters rather than as formatted text, use the @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2273 find-file-literally} command. This visits a file, like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2274 @code{find-file}, but does not do format conversion. It also inhibits
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2275 character code conversion (@pxref{Coding Systems}) and automatic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2276 uncompression (@pxref{Compressed Files}). To disable format conversion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2277 but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2278 appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2279
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49985
diff changeset
2280 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49985
diff changeset
2281 arch-tag: 8db54ed8-2036-49ca-b0df-23811d03dc70
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49985
diff changeset
2282 @end ignore