annotate lispref/markers.texi @ 68351:4f0831b0d1ba

Avoid allocating Lisp data from code that can be run from a signal handler. (x_error_message): New var to replace x_error_message_string. (x_error_catcher, x_catch_errors, x_catch_errors_unwind) (x_check_errors, x_had_errors_p, x_clear_errors, x_error_handler) (syms_of_xterm): Use it instead of x_error_message_string.
author Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
date Mon, 23 Jan 2006 02:44:02 +0000
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003,
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4 @c 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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6 @setfilename ../info/markers
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7 @node Markers, Text, Positions, Top
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8 @chapter Markers
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9 @cindex markers
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10
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11 A @dfn{marker} is a Lisp object used to specify a position in a buffer
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12 relative to the surrounding text. A marker changes its offset from the
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13 beginning of the buffer automatically whenever text is inserted or
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14 deleted, so that it stays with the two characters on either side of it.
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15
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16 @menu
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17 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
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18 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
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19 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
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20 * Information from Markers:: Finding the marker's buffer or character position.
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21 * Marker Insertion Types:: Two ways a marker can relocate when you
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22 insert where it points.
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23 * Moving Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
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24 * The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
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25 * The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
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26 @end menu
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27
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28 @node Overview of Markers
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29 @section Overview of Markers
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30
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31 A marker specifies a buffer and a position in that buffer. The
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32 marker can be used to represent a position in the functions that
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33 require one, just as an integer could be used. In that case, the
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34 marker's buffer is normally ignored. Of course, a marker used in this
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35 way usually points to a position in the buffer that the function
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36 operates on, but that is entirely the programmer's responsibility.
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37 @xref{Positions}, for a complete description of positions.
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38
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39 A marker has three attributes: the marker position, the marker
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40 buffer, and the insertion type. The marker position is an integer
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41 that is equivalent (at a given time) to the marker as a position in
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42 that buffer. But the marker's position value can change often during
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43 the life of the marker. Insertion and deletion of text in the buffer
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44 relocate the marker. The idea is that a marker positioned between two
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45 characters remains between those two characters despite insertion and
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46 deletion elsewhere in the buffer. Relocation changes the integer
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47 equivalent of the marker.
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48
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49 @cindex marker relocation
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50 Deleting text around a marker's position leaves the marker between the
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51 characters immediately before and after the deleted text. Inserting
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52 text at the position of a marker normally leaves the marker either in
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53 front of or after the new text, depending on the marker's @dfn{insertion
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54 type} (@pxref{Marker Insertion Types})---unless the insertion is done
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55 with @code{insert-before-markers} (@pxref{Insertion}).
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56
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57 @cindex marker garbage collection
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58 Insertion and deletion in a buffer must check all the markers and
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59 relocate them if necessary. This slows processing in a buffer with a
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60 large number of markers. For this reason, it is a good idea to make a
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61 marker point nowhere if you are sure you don't need it any more.
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62 Unreferenced markers are garbage collected eventually, but until then
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63 will continue to use time if they do point somewhere.
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64
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65 @cindex markers as numbers
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66 Because it is common to perform arithmetic operations on a marker
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67 position, most of the arithmetic operations (including @code{+} and
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68 @code{-}) accept markers as arguments. In such cases, the marker
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69 stands for its current position.
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70
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71 Here are examples of creating markers, setting markers, and moving point
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72 to markers:
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73
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74 @example
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75 @group
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76 ;; @r{Make a new marker that initially does not point anywhere:}
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77 (setq m1 (make-marker))
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78 @result{} #<marker in no buffer>
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79 @end group
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80
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81 @group
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82 ;; @r{Set @code{m1} to point between the 99th and 100th characters}
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83 ;; @r{in the current buffer:}
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84 (set-marker m1 100)
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85 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi>
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86 @end group
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87
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88 @group
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89 ;; @r{Now insert one character at the beginning of the buffer:}
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90 (goto-char (point-min))
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91 @result{} 1
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92 (insert "Q")
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93 @result{} nil
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94 @end group
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95
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96 @group
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97 ;; @r{@code{m1} is updated appropriately.}
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98 m1
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99 @result{} #<marker at 101 in markers.texi>
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100 @end group
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101
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102 @group
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103 ;; @r{Two markers that point to the same position}
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104 ;; @r{are not @code{eq}, but they are @code{equal}.}
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105 (setq m2 (copy-marker m1))
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106 @result{} #<marker at 101 in markers.texi>
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107 (eq m1 m2)
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108 @result{} nil
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109 (equal m1 m2)
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110 @result{} t
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111 @end group
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112
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113 @group
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114 ;; @r{When you are finished using a marker, make it point nowhere.}
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115 (set-marker m1 nil)
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116 @result{} #<marker in no buffer>
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117 @end group
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118 @end example
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119
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120 @node Predicates on Markers
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121 @section Predicates on Markers
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122
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123 You can test an object to see whether it is a marker, or whether it is
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124 either an integer or a marker. The latter test is useful in connection
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125 with the arithmetic functions that work with both markers and integers.
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126
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127 @defun markerp object
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128 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a marker, @code{nil}
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129 otherwise. Note that integers are not markers, even though many
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130 functions will accept either a marker or an integer.
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131 @end defun
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132
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133 @defun integer-or-marker-p object
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134 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is an integer or a marker,
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135 @code{nil} otherwise.
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136 @end defun
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137
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138 @defun number-or-marker-p object
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139 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a number (either
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140 integer or floating point) or a marker, @code{nil} otherwise.
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141 @end defun
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142
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143 @node Creating Markers
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144 @section Functions that Create Markers
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145
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146 When you create a new marker, you can make it point nowhere, or point
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147 to the present position of point, or to the beginning or end of the
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148 accessible portion of the buffer, or to the same place as another given
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149 marker.
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150
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151 The next four functions all return markers with insertion type
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152 @code{nil}. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}.
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153
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154 @defun make-marker
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155 This function returns a newly created marker that does not point
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156 anywhere.
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157
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158 @example
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159 @group
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160 (make-marker)
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161 @result{} #<marker in no buffer>
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162 @end group
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163 @end example
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164 @end defun
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165
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166 @defun point-marker
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167 This function returns a new marker that points to the present position
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168 of point in the current buffer. @xref{Point}. For an example, see
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169 @code{copy-marker}, below.
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170 @end defun
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171
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172 @defun point-min-marker
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173 This function returns a new marker that points to the beginning of the
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174 accessible portion of the buffer. This will be the beginning of the
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175 buffer unless narrowing is in effect. @xref{Narrowing}.
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176 @end defun
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177
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178 @defun point-max-marker
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179 @cindex end of buffer marker
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180 This function returns a new marker that points to the end of the
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181 accessible portion of the buffer. This will be the end of the buffer
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182 unless narrowing is in effect. @xref{Narrowing}.
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183
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184 Here are examples of this function and @code{point-min-marker}, shown in
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185 a buffer containing a version of the source file for the text of this
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186 chapter.
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187
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188 @example
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189 @group
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190 (point-min-marker)
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191 @result{} #<marker at 1 in markers.texi>
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192 (point-max-marker)
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193 @result{} #<marker at 15573 in markers.texi>
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194 @end group
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195
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196 @group
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197 (narrow-to-region 100 200)
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198 @result{} nil
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199 @end group
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200 @group
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201 (point-min-marker)
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202 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi>
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203 @end group
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204 @group
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205 (point-max-marker)
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206 @result{} #<marker at 200 in markers.texi>
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207 @end group
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208 @end example
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209 @end defun
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210
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211 @defun copy-marker marker-or-integer &optional insertion-type
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212 If passed a marker as its argument, @code{copy-marker} returns a
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213 new marker that points to the same place and the same buffer as does
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214 @var{marker-or-integer}. If passed an integer as its argument,
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215 @code{copy-marker} returns a new marker that points to position
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216 @var{marker-or-integer} in the current buffer.
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217
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218 The new marker's insertion type is specified by the argument
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219 @var{insertion-type}. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}.
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220
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221 If passed an integer argument less than 1, @code{copy-marker} returns a
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222 new marker that points to the beginning of the current buffer. If
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223 passed an integer argument greater than the length of the buffer,
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224 @code{copy-marker} returns a new marker that points to the end of the
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225 buffer.
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226
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227 @example
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228 @group
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229 (copy-marker 0)
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230 @result{} #<marker at 1 in markers.texi>
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231 @end group
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232
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233 @group
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234 (copy-marker 20000)
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235 @result{} #<marker at 7572 in markers.texi>
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236 @end group
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237 @end example
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238
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239 An error is signaled if @var{marker} is neither a marker nor an
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240 integer.
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241 @end defun
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242
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243 Two distinct markers are considered @code{equal} (even though not
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244 @code{eq}) to each other if they have the same position and buffer, or
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245 if they both point nowhere.
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246
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247 @example
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248 @group
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249 (setq p (point-marker))
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250 @result{} #<marker at 2139 in markers.texi>
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251 @end group
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252
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253 @group
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254 (setq q (copy-marker p))
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255 @result{} #<marker at 2139 in markers.texi>
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256 @end group
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257
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258 @group
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259 (eq p q)
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260 @result{} nil
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261 @end group
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262
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263 @group
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264 (equal p q)
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265 @result{} t
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266 @end group
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267 @end example
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268
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269 @node Information from Markers
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270 @section Information from Markers
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271
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272 This section describes the functions for accessing the components of a
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273 marker object.
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274
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275 @defun marker-position marker
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276 This function returns the position that @var{marker} points to, or
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277 @code{nil} if it points nowhere.
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278 @end defun
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279
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280 @defun marker-buffer marker
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281 This function returns the buffer that @var{marker} points into, or
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282 @code{nil} if it points nowhere.
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283
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284 @example
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285 @group
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286 (setq m (make-marker))
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287 @result{} #<marker in no buffer>
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288 @end group
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289 @group
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290 (marker-position m)
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291 @result{} nil
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292 @end group
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293 @group
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294 (marker-buffer m)
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295 @result{} nil
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296 @end group
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297
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298 @group
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299 (set-marker m 3770 (current-buffer))
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300 @result{} #<marker at 3770 in markers.texi>
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301 @end group
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302 @group
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303 (marker-buffer m)
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304 @result{} #<buffer markers.texi>
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305 @end group
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306 @group
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307 (marker-position m)
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308 @result{} 3770
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309 @end group
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310 @end example
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311 @end defun
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312
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313 @defun buffer-has-markers-at position
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314 @tindex buffer-has-markers-at
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315 This function returns @code{t} if one or more markers
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316 point at position @var{position} in the current buffer.
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317 @end defun
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318
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319 @node Marker Insertion Types
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320 @section Marker Insertion Types
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321
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322 @cindex insertion type of a marker
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323 When you insert text directly at the place where a marker points,
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324 there are two possible ways to relocate that marker: it can point before
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325 the inserted text, or point after it. You can specify which one a given
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326 marker should do by setting its @dfn{insertion type}. Note that use of
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327 @code{insert-before-markers} ignores markers' insertion types, always
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328 relocating a marker to point after the inserted text.
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329
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330 @defun set-marker-insertion-type marker type
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331 This function sets the insertion type of marker @var{marker} to
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332 @var{type}. If @var{type} is @code{t}, @var{marker} will advance when
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333 text is inserted at its position. If @var{type} is @code{nil},
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334 @var{marker} does not advance when text is inserted there.
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335 @end defun
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336
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337 @defun marker-insertion-type marker
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338 This function reports the current insertion type of @var{marker}.
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339 @end defun
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340
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341 Most functions that create markers, without an argument allowing to
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342 specify the insertion type, create them with insertion type
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343 @code{nil}. Also, the mark has, by default, insertion type
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344 @code{nil}.
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345
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346 @node Moving Markers
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347 @section Moving Marker Positions
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348
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349 This section describes how to change the position of an existing
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350 marker. When you do this, be sure you know whether the marker is used
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351 outside of your program, and, if so, what effects will result from
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352 moving it---otherwise, confusing things may happen in other parts of
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353 Emacs.
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354
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355 @defun set-marker marker position &optional buffer
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356 This function moves @var{marker} to @var{position}
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357 in @var{buffer}. If @var{buffer} is not provided, it defaults to
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358 the current buffer.
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359
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360 If @var{position} is less than 1, @code{set-marker} moves @var{marker}
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361 to the beginning of the buffer. If @var{position} is greater than the
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362 size of the buffer, @code{set-marker} moves marker to the end of the
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363 buffer. If @var{position} is @code{nil} or a marker that points
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364 nowhere, then @var{marker} is set to point nowhere.
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365
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366 The value returned is @var{marker}.
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367
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368 @example
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369 @group
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370 (setq m (point-marker))
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371 @result{} #<marker at 4714 in markers.texi>
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372 @end group
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373 @group
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374 (set-marker m 55)
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375 @result{} #<marker at 55 in markers.texi>
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376 @end group
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377 @group
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378 (setq b (get-buffer "foo"))
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379 @result{} #<buffer foo>
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380 @end group
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381 @group
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382 (set-marker m 0 b)
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383 @result{} #<marker at 1 in foo>
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384 @end group
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385 @end example
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386 @end defun
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387
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388 @defun move-marker marker position &optional buffer
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389 This is another name for @code{set-marker}.
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390 @end defun
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391
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392 @node The Mark
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393 @section The Mark
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394 @cindex mark, the
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395 @cindex mark ring
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396
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397 One special marker in each buffer is designated @dfn{the mark}. It
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398 specifies a position to bound a range of text for commands such as
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399 @code{kill-region} and @code{indent-rigidly}. Lisp programs should
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400 set the mark only to values that have a potential use to the user, and
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401 never for their own internal purposes. For example, the
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402 @code{replace-regexp} command sets the mark to the value of point
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403 before doing any replacements, because this enables the user to move
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404 back there conveniently after the replace is finished.
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405
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406 Many commands are designed to operate on the text between point and
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407 the mark when called interactively. If you are writing such a
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408 command, don't examine the mark directly; instead, use
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409 @code{interactive} with the @samp{r} specification. This provides the
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410 values of point and the mark as arguments to the command in an
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411 interactive call, but permits other Lisp programs to specify arguments
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412 explicitly. @xref{Interactive Codes}.
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413
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414 Each buffer has its own value of the mark that is independent of the
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415 value of the mark in other buffers. When a buffer is created, the mark
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416 exists but does not point anywhere. We consider this state as ``the
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417 absence of a mark in that buffer.''
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418
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419 Once the mark ``exists'' in a buffer, it normally never ceases to
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420 exist. However, it may become @dfn{inactive}, if Transient Mark mode is
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421 enabled. The variable @code{mark-active}, which is always buffer-local
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422 in all buffers, indicates whether the mark is active: non-@code{nil}
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423 means yes. A command can request deactivation of the mark upon return
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424 to the editor command loop by setting @code{deactivate-mark} to a
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425 non-@code{nil} value (but this causes deactivation only if Transient
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426 Mark mode is enabled).
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427
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428 The main motivation for using Transient Mark mode is that this mode
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429 also enables highlighting of the region when the mark is active.
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430 @xref{Display}.
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431
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432 In addition to the mark, each buffer has a @dfn{mark ring} which is a
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433 list of markers containing previous values of the mark. When editing
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434 commands change the mark, they should normally save the old value of the
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435 mark on the mark ring. The variable @code{mark-ring-max} specifies the
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436 maximum number of entries in the mark ring; once the list becomes this
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437 long, adding a new element deletes the last element.
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438
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439 There is also a separate global mark ring, but that is used only in a
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440 few particular user-level commands, and is not relevant to Lisp
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441 programming. So we do not describe it here.
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442
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443 @defun mark &optional force
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444 @cindex current buffer mark
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445 This function returns the current buffer's mark position as an integer,
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446 or @code{nil} if no mark has ever been set in this buffer.
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447
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448 If Transient Mark mode is enabled, and @code{mark-even-if-inactive} is
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449 @code{nil}, @code{mark} signals an error if the mark is inactive.
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450 However, if @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{mark} disregards
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451 inactivity of the mark, and returns the mark position anyway (or
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452 @code{nil}).
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453 @end defun
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454
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455 @defun mark-marker
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456 This function returns the current buffer's mark. This is the very marker
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457 that records the mark location inside Emacs, not a copy. Therefore,
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458 changing this marker's position will directly affect the position of the mark.
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459 Don't do it unless that is the effect you want.
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460
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461 @example
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462 @group
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463 (setq m (mark-marker))
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464 @result{} #<marker at 3420 in markers.texi>
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465 @end group
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466 @group
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467 (set-marker m 100)
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468 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi>
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469 @end group
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470 @group
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471 (mark-marker)
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472 @result{} #<marker at 100 in markers.texi>
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473 @end group
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474 @end example
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475
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476 Like any marker, this marker can be set to point at any buffer you like.
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477 We don't recommend that you make it point at any buffer other than the
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478 one of which it is the mark. If you do, it will yield perfectly
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479 consistent, but rather odd, results.
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480 @end defun
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481
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482 @ignore
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483 @deffn Command set-mark-command jump
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484 If @var{jump} is @code{nil}, this command sets the mark to the value
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485 of point and pushes the previous value of the mark on the mark ring. The
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parents:
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486 message @samp{Mark set} is also displayed in the echo area.
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487
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488 If @var{jump} is not @code{nil}, this command sets point to the value
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parents:
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489 of the mark, and sets the mark to the previous saved mark value, which
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parents:
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490 is popped off the mark ring.
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parents:
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491
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492 This function is @emph{only} intended for interactive use.
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493 @end deffn
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494 @end ignore
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495
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496 @defun set-mark position
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parents:
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497 This function sets the mark to @var{position}, and activates the mark.
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parents:
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498 The old value of the mark is @emph{not} pushed onto the mark ring.
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parents:
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499
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diff changeset
500 @strong{Please note:} Use this function only if you want the user to
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501 see that the mark has moved, and you want the previous mark position to
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parents:
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502 be lost. Normally, when a new mark is set, the old one should go on the
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parents:
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503 @code{mark-ring}. For this reason, most applications should use
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parents:
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504 @code{push-mark} and @code{pop-mark}, not @code{set-mark}.
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parents:
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505
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506 Novice Emacs Lisp programmers often try to use the mark for the wrong
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parents:
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507 purposes. The mark saves a location for the user's convenience. An
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parents:
diff changeset
508 editing command should not alter the mark unless altering the mark is
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parents:
diff changeset
509 part of the user-level functionality of the command. (And, in that
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parents:
diff changeset
510 case, this effect should be documented.) To remember a location for
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parents:
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511 internal use in the Lisp program, store it in a Lisp variable. For
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parents:
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512 example:
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
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513
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514 @example
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parents:
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515 @group
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parents:
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516 (let ((beg (point)))
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parents:
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517 (forward-line 1)
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parents:
diff changeset
518 (delete-region beg (point))).
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parents:
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519 @end group
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parents:
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520 @end example
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521 @end defun
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parents:
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522
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523 @c for interactive use only
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parents:
diff changeset
524 @ignore
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
525 @deffn Command exchange-point-and-mark
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 This function exchanges the positions of point and the mark.
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parents:
diff changeset
527 It is intended for interactive use.
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parents:
diff changeset
528 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
529 @end ignore
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parents:
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530
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 @defun push-mark &optional position nomsg activate
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532 This function sets the current buffer's mark to @var{position}, and
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 pushes a copy of the previous mark onto @code{mark-ring}. If
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parents:
diff changeset
534 @var{position} is @code{nil}, then the value of point is used.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535 @code{push-mark} returns @code{nil}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 The function @code{push-mark} normally @emph{does not} activate the
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 mark. To do that, specify @code{t} for the argument @var{activate}.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
539
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 A @samp{Mark set} message is displayed unless @var{nomsg} is
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 non-@code{nil}.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 @end defun
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
543
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parents:
diff changeset
544 @defun pop-mark
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 This function pops off the top element of @code{mark-ring} and makes
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 that mark become the buffer's actual mark. This does not move point in
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 the buffer, and it does nothing if @code{mark-ring} is empty. It
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 deactivates the mark.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
549
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
550 The return value is not meaningful.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
551 @end defun
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
552
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parents:
diff changeset
553 @defopt transient-mark-mode
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 @cindex Transient Mark mode
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 7734
diff changeset
555 This variable if non-@code{nil} enables Transient Mark mode, in which
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 7734
diff changeset
556 every buffer-modifying primitive sets @code{deactivate-mark}. The
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 7734
diff changeset
557 consequence of this is that commands that modify the buffer normally
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 7734
diff changeset
558 make the mark inactive.
60959
06ac4b1ff2ab (The Mark): Document temporary Transient Mark mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60268
diff changeset
559
06ac4b1ff2ab (The Mark): Document temporary Transient Mark mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60268
diff changeset
560 Lisp programs can set @code{transient-mark-mode} to @code{only} to
06ac4b1ff2ab (The Mark): Document temporary Transient Mark mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60268
diff changeset
561 enable Transient Mark mode for the following command only. During
63682
701e28d85125 (The Mark): Texinfo usage fix.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 60959
diff changeset
562 that following command, the value of @code{transient-mark-mode} is
60959
06ac4b1ff2ab (The Mark): Document temporary Transient Mark mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60268
diff changeset
563 @code{identity}. If it is still @code{identity} at the end of the
63682
701e28d85125 (The Mark): Texinfo usage fix.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 60959
diff changeset
564 command, it changes to @code{nil}.
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
565 @end defopt
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
567 @defopt mark-even-if-inactive
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
568 If this is non-@code{nil}, Lisp programs and the Emacs user can use the
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
569 mark even when it is inactive. This option affects the behavior of
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
570 Transient Mark mode. When the option is non-@code{nil}, deactivation of
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
571 the mark turns off region highlighting, but commands that use the mark
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
572 behave as if the mark were still active.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
573 @end defopt
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
574
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 @defvar deactivate-mark
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 If an editor command sets this variable non-@code{nil}, then the editor
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
577 command loop deactivates the mark after the command returns (if
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
578 Transient Mark mode is enabled). All the primitives that change the
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
579 buffer set @code{deactivate-mark}, to deactivate the mark when the
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
580 command is finished.
46339
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
581
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
582 To write Lisp code that modifies the buffer without causing
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
583 deactivation of the mark at the end of the command, bind
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
584 @code{deactivate-mark} to @code{nil} around the code that does the
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
585 modification. For example:
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
586
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
587 @example
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
588 (let (deactivate-mark)
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
589 (insert " "))
469cf4d8b62b Document binding `deactivate-mark' around something that modifies the
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27189
diff changeset
590 @end example
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 @end defvar
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592
7729
a1c07008521d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6444
diff changeset
593 @defun deactivate-mark
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
594 This function deactivates the mark, if Transient Mark mode is enabled.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
595 Otherwise it does nothing.
7729
a1c07008521d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6444
diff changeset
596 @end defun
a1c07008521d *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6444
diff changeset
597
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 @defvar mark-active
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599 The mark is active when this variable is non-@code{nil}. This variable
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
600 is always buffer-local in each buffer.
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 @end defvar
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 @defvar activate-mark-hook
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 @defvarx deactivate-mark-hook
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 These normal hooks are run, respectively, when the mark becomes active
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
606 and when it becomes inactive. The hook @code{activate-mark-hook} is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
607 also run at the end of a command if the mark is active and it is
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
608 possible that the region may have changed.
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 @end defvar
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 @defvar mark-ring
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 The value of this buffer-local variable is the list of saved former
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 marks of the current buffer, most recent first.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 @example
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 @group
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 mark-ring
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46339
diff changeset
618 @result{} (#<marker at 11050 in markers.texi>
6444
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 #<marker at 10832 in markers.texi>
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 @dots{})
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 @end group
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 @end example
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 @end defvar
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 @defopt mark-ring-max
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 The value of this variable is the maximum size of @code{mark-ring}. If
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 more marks than this are pushed onto the @code{mark-ring},
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 @code{push-mark} discards an old mark when it adds a new one.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 @end defopt
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 @node The Region
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 @section The Region
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 @cindex region, the
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 The text between point and the mark is known as @dfn{the region}.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 Various functions operate on text delimited by point and the mark, but
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 only those functions specifically related to the region itself are
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 described here.
9cbdecc5a37d Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639
53036
8383c6d510e2 (Creating Markers): Specify insertion type of created markers. Add
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
640 The next two functions signal an error if the mark does not point
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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641 anywhere. If Transient Mark mode is enabled and
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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642 @code{mark-even-if-inactive} is @code{nil}, they also signal an error
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52401
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643 if the mark is inactive.
8383c6d510e2 (Creating Markers): Specify insertion type of created markers. Add
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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644
6444
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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645 @defun region-beginning
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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646 This function returns the position of the beginning of the region (as
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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647 an integer). This is the position of either point or the mark,
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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648 whichever is smaller.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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649 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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650
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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651 @defun region-end
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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652 This function returns the position of the end of the region (as an
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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653 integer). This is the position of either point or the mark, whichever is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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654 larger.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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655 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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656
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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657 Few programs need to use the @code{region-beginning} and
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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658 @code{region-end} functions. A command designed to operate on a region
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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659 should normally use @code{interactive} with the @samp{r} specification
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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660 to find the beginning and end of the region. This lets other Lisp
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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661 programs specify the bounds explicitly as arguments. (@xref{Interactive
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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662 Codes}.)
52401
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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663
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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664 @ignore
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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665 arch-tag: b1ba2e7a-a0f3-4c5e-875c-7d8e22d73299
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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666 @end ignore