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annotate man/dired.texi @ 58022:4f686c82cfc9
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author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Sun, 07 Nov 2004 23:27:18 +0000 |
parents | 5804f0d30b6e |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001 |
28126 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top | |
6 @chapter Dired, the Directory Editor | |
7 @cindex Dired | |
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8 @cindex file management |
25829 | 9 |
10 Dired makes an Emacs buffer containing a listing of a directory, and | |
11 optionally some of its subdirectories as well. You can use the normal | |
12 Emacs commands to move around in this buffer, and special Dired commands | |
13 to operate on the files listed. | |
14 | |
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15 The Dired buffer is ``read-only,'' and inserting text in it is not |
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16 useful, so ordinary printing characters such as @kbd{d} and @kbd{x} are |
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17 used for special Dired commands. Some Dired commands @dfn{mark} or |
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18 @dfn{flag} the @dfn{current file} (that is, the file on the current |
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19 line); other commands operate on the marked files or on the flagged |
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20 files. |
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21 |
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22 The Dired-X package provides various extra features for Dired mode. |
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23 @xref{Top, Dired-X,,dired-x, Dired Extra Version 2 User's Manual}. |
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24 |
25829 | 25 @menu |
26 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired. | |
38745 | 27 * Navigation: Dired Navigation. Special motion commands in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 28 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired. |
29 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names. | |
30 * Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired. | |
31 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking. | |
32 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc. | |
33 either one file or several files. | |
34 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files. | |
35 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files. | |
36 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired. | |
37 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer. | |
38 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down. | |
39 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible. | |
40 * Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest. | |
41 * Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired. | |
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42 * Misc: Misc Dired Commands. Various other features. |
25829 | 43 @end menu |
44 | |
45 @node Dired Enter | |
46 @section Entering Dired | |
47 | |
48 @findex dired | |
49 @kindex C-x d | |
50 @vindex dired-listing-switches | |
51 To invoke Dired, do @kbd{C-x d} or @kbd{M-x dired}. The command reads | |
52 a directory name or wildcard file name pattern as a minibuffer argument | |
53 to specify which files to list. Where @code{dired} differs from | |
54 @code{list-directory} is in putting the buffer into Dired mode so that | |
55 the special commands of Dired are available. | |
56 | |
57 The variable @code{dired-listing-switches} specifies the options to | |
58 give to @code{ls} for listing directory; this string @emph{must} contain | |
59 @samp{-l}. If you use a numeric prefix argument with the @code{dired} | |
60 command, you can specify the @code{ls} switches with the minibuffer | |
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61 before you enter the directory specification. No matter how they are |
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62 specified, the @code{ls} switches should all be short options (that |
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63 is, single characters) requiring no arguments. |
25829 | 64 |
65 @findex dired-other-window | |
66 @kindex C-x 4 d | |
67 @findex dired-other-frame | |
68 @kindex C-x 5 d | |
69 To display the Dired buffer in another window rather than in the | |
70 selected window, use @kbd{C-x 4 d} (@code{dired-other-window}) instead | |
71 of @kbd{C-x d}. @kbd{C-x 5 d} (@code{dired-other-frame}) uses a | |
72 separate frame to display the Dired buffer. | |
73 | |
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74 @node Dired Navigation |
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75 @section Navigation in the Dired Buffer |
25829 | 76 |
77 @kindex C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
78 @kindex C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
79 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired | |
80 buffers. Some special-purpose cursor motion commands are also | |
81 provided. The keys @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} are redefined to put the | |
82 cursor at the beginning of the file name on the line, rather than at the | |
83 beginning of the line. | |
84 | |
85 @kindex SPC @r{(Dired)} | |
86 For extra convenience, @key{SPC} and @kbd{n} in Dired are equivalent | |
87 to @kbd{C-n}. @kbd{p} is equivalent to @kbd{C-p}. (Moving by lines is | |
88 so common in Dired that it deserves to be easy to type.) @key{DEL} | |
89 (move up and unflag) is often useful simply for moving up. | |
90 | |
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91 @findex dired-goto-file |
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92 @kindex M-g |
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93 @kbd{M-g} (@code{dired-goto-file}) moves point to the line that |
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94 describes a specified file or directory. |
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95 |
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96 Some additional navigation commands are available when the Dired |
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97 buffer includes several directories. @xref{Subdirectory Motion}. |
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98 |
25829 | 99 @node Dired Deletion |
100 @section Deleting Files with Dired | |
101 @cindex flagging files (in Dired) | |
102 @cindex deleting files (in Dired) | |
103 | |
38745 | 104 One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to first @dfn{flag} files for |
105 deletion, then delete the files that were flagged. | |
25829 | 106 |
107 @table @kbd | |
108 @item d | |
109 Flag this file for deletion. | |
110 @item u | |
111 Remove deletion flag on this line. | |
112 @item @key{DEL} | |
113 Move point to previous line and remove the deletion flag on that line. | |
114 @item x | |
115 Delete the files that are flagged for deletion. | |
116 @end table | |
117 | |
118 @kindex d @r{(Dired)} | |
119 @findex dired-flag-file-deletion | |
120 You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the | |
121 file and typing @kbd{d} (@code{dired-flag-file-deletion}). The deletion flag is visible as a @samp{D} at | |
122 the beginning of the line. This command moves point to the next line, | |
123 so that repeated @kbd{d} commands flag successive files. A numeric | |
124 argument serves as a repeat count. | |
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125 |
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126 @cindex recursive deletion |
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127 @vindex dired-recursive-deletes |
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128 The variable @code{dired-recursive-deletes} controls whether the |
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129 delete command will delete non-empty directories (including their |
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130 contents). The default is to delete only empty directories. |
25829 | 131 |
132 @kindex u @r{(Dired deletion)} | |
133 @kindex DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
134 The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to | |
135 reduce the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct | |
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136 Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using |
25829 | 137 the commands @kbd{u} and @key{DEL}. @kbd{u} (@code{dired-unmark}) works |
138 just like @kbd{d}, but removes flags rather than making flags. | |
139 @key{DEL} (@code{dired-unmark-backward}) moves upward, removing flags; | |
140 it is like @kbd{u} with argument @minus{}1. | |
141 | |
142 @kindex x @r{(Dired)} | |
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143 @findex dired-do-flagged-delete |
25829 | 144 @cindex expunging (Dired) |
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145 To delete the flagged files, type @kbd{x} (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}). |
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146 (This is also known as @dfn{expunging}.) |
25829 | 147 This command first displays a list of all the file names flagged for |
148 deletion, and requests confirmation with @kbd{yes}. If you confirm, | |
149 Dired deletes the flagged files, then deletes their lines from the text | |
150 of the Dired buffer. The shortened Dired buffer remains selected. | |
151 | |
152 If you answer @kbd{no} or quit with @kbd{C-g} when asked to confirm, you | |
153 return immediately to Dired, with the deletion flags still present in | |
154 the buffer, and no files actually deleted. | |
155 | |
156 @node Flagging Many Files | |
157 @section Flagging Many Files at Once | |
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158 @cindex flagging many files for deletion (in Dired) |
25829 | 159 |
160 @table @kbd | |
161 @item # | |
162 Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with @samp{#}) | |
163 for deletion (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
164 | |
165 @item ~ | |
166 Flag all backup files (files whose names end with @samp{~}) for deletion | |
167 (@pxref{Backup}). | |
168 | |
169 @item & | |
170 Flag for deletion all files with certain kinds of names, names that | |
171 suggest you could easily create the files again. | |
172 | |
173 @item .@: @r{(Period)} | |
174 Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and newest | |
175 few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle ones are | |
176 flagged. | |
177 | |
178 @item % d @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
179 Flag for deletion all files whose names match the regular expression | |
180 @var{regexp}. | |
181 @end table | |
182 | |
183 The @kbd{#}, @kbd{~}, @kbd{&}, and @kbd{.} commands flag many files for | |
184 deletion, based on their file names. These commands are useful | |
185 precisely because they do not themselves delete any files; you can | |
186 remove the deletion flags from any flagged files that you really wish to | |
187 keep.@refill | |
188 | |
189 @kindex & @r{(Dired)} | |
190 @findex dired-flag-garbage-files | |
191 @vindex dired-garbage-files-regexp | |
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192 @cindex deleting some backup files |
25829 | 193 @kbd{&} (@code{dired-flag-garbage-files}) flags files whose names |
194 match the regular expression specified by the variable | |
195 @code{dired-garbage-files-regexp}. By default, this matches certain | |
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196 files produced by @TeX{}, @samp{.bak} files, and the @samp{.orig} and |
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197 @samp{.rej} files produced by @code{patch}. |
25829 | 198 |
199 @kindex # @r{(Dired)} | |
200 @findex dired-flag-auto-save-files | |
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201 @cindex deleting auto-save files |
25829 | 202 @kbd{#} (@code{dired-flag-auto-save-files}) flags for deletion all |
203 files whose names look like auto-save files (@pxref{Auto Save})---that | |
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204 is, files whose names begin and end with @samp{#}. |
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205 |
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206 @kindex ~ @r{(Dired)} |
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207 @findex dired-flag-backup-files |
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208 @kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files |
38745 | 209 whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, files |
210 whose names end in @samp{~}. | |
25829 | 211 |
212 @kindex . @r{(Dired)} | |
213 @vindex dired-kept-versions | |
214 @findex dired-clean-directory | |
215 @kbd{.} (period, @code{dired-clean-directory}) flags just some of the | |
216 backup files for deletion: all but the oldest few and newest few backups | |
217 of any one file. Normally @code{dired-kept-versions} (@strong{not} | |
218 @code{kept-new-versions}; that applies only when saving) specifies the | |
219 number of newest versions of each file to keep, and | |
220 @code{kept-old-versions} specifies the number of oldest versions to | |
221 keep. | |
222 | |
223 Period with a positive numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u 3 .}, | |
224 specifies the number of newest versions to keep, overriding | |
225 @code{dired-kept-versions}. A negative numeric argument overrides | |
226 @code{kept-old-versions}, using minus the value of the argument to | |
227 specify the number of oldest versions of each file to keep. | |
228 | |
229 @findex dired-flag-files-regexp | |
230 @kindex % d @r{(Dired)} | |
231 The @kbd{% d} command flags all files whose names match a specified | |
232 regular expression (@code{dired-flag-files-regexp}). Only the | |
233 non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. You can use | |
234 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. You can exclude subdirectories | |
235 by hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
236 | |
237 @node Dired Visiting | |
238 @section Visiting Files in Dired | |
239 | |
240 There are several Dired commands for visiting or examining the files | |
241 listed in the Dired buffer. All of them apply to the current line's | |
242 file; if that file is really a directory, these commands invoke Dired on | |
243 that subdirectory (making a separate Dired buffer). | |
244 | |
245 @table @kbd | |
246 @item f | |
247 @kindex f @r{(Dired)} | |
248 @findex dired-find-file | |
249 Visit the file described on the current line, like typing @kbd{C-x C-f} | |
250 and supplying that file name (@code{dired-find-file}). @xref{Visiting}. | |
251 | |
252 @item @key{RET} | |
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253 @itemx e |
25829 | 254 @kindex RET @r{(Dired)} |
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255 @kindex e @r{(Dired)} |
25829 | 256 Equivalent to @kbd{f}. |
257 | |
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258 @item a |
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259 @kindex a @r{(Dired)} |
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260 @findex dired-find-alternate-file |
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261 Like @kbd{f}, but replaces the contents of the Dired buffer with |
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262 that of an alternate file or directory (@code{dired-find-alternate-file}). |
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263 |
25829 | 264 @item o |
265 @kindex o @r{(Dired)} | |
266 @findex dired-find-file-other-window | |
267 Like @kbd{f}, but uses another window to display the file's buffer | |
268 (@code{dired-find-file-other-window}). The Dired buffer remains visible | |
269 in the first window. This is like using @kbd{C-x 4 C-f} to visit the | |
270 file. @xref{Windows}. | |
271 | |
272 @item C-o | |
273 @kindex C-o @r{(Dired)} | |
274 @findex dired-display-file | |
275 Visit the file described on the current line, and display the buffer in | |
276 another window, but do not select that window (@code{dired-display-file}). | |
277 | |
278 @item Mouse-2 | |
279 @findex dired-mouse-find-file-other-window | |
280 Visit the file named by the line you click on | |
281 (@code{dired-mouse-find-file-other-window}). This uses another window | |
282 to display the file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
283 | |
284 @item v | |
285 @kindex v @r{(Dired)} | |
286 @findex dired-view-file | |
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287 View the file described on the current line, using either an external |
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288 viewing program or @kbd{M-x view-file} (@code{dired-view-file}). |
25829 | 289 |
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290 @vindex dired-view-command-alist |
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291 External viewers are used for certain file types under the control of |
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292 @code{dired-view-command-alist}. Viewing a file with @code{view-file} |
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293 is like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file |
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294 conveniently and does not allow changing the file. @xref{Misc File |
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295 Ops,View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
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296 |
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297 @item ^ |
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298 @kindex ^ @r{(Dired)} |
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299 @findex dired-up-directory |
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300 Visit the parent directory of the current directory |
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301 (@code{dired-up-directory}). This is more convenient than moving to |
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302 the parent directory's line and typing @kbd{f} there. |
25829 | 303 @end table |
304 | |
305 @node Marks vs Flags | |
306 @section Dired Marks vs. Flags | |
307 | |
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308 @cindex marking many files (in Dired) |
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309 Instead of flagging a file with @samp{D}, you can @dfn{mark} the |
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310 file with some other character (usually @samp{*}). Most Dired |
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311 commands to operate on files use the files marked with @samp{*}, the |
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312 exception being @kbd{x} which deletes the flagged files. |
25829 | 313 |
314 Here are some commands for marking with @samp{*}, or for unmarking or | |
315 operating on marks. (@xref{Dired Deletion}, for commands to flag and | |
316 unflag files.) | |
317 | |
318 @table @kbd | |
319 @item m | |
320 @itemx * m | |
321 @kindex m @r{(Dired)} | |
322 @kindex * m @r{(Dired)} | |
323 @findex dired-mark | |
324 Mark the current file with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark}). With a numeric | |
325 argument @var{n}, mark the next @var{n} files starting with the current | |
326 file. (If @var{n} is negative, mark the previous @minus{}@var{n} | |
327 files.) | |
328 | |
329 @item * * | |
330 @kindex * * @r{(Dired)} | |
331 @findex dired-mark-executables | |
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332 @cindex marking executable files (in Dired) |
25829 | 333 Mark all executable files with @samp{*} |
334 (@code{dired-mark-executables}). With a numeric argument, unmark all | |
335 those files. | |
336 | |
337 @item * @@ | |
338 @kindex * @@ @r{(Dired)} | |
339 @findex dired-mark-symlinks | |
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340 @cindex marking symbolic links (in Dired) |
25829 | 341 Mark all symbolic links with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark-symlinks}). |
342 With a numeric argument, unmark all those files. | |
343 | |
344 @item * / | |
345 @kindex * / @r{(Dired)} | |
346 @findex dired-mark-directories | |
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347 @cindex marking subdirectories (in Dired) |
25829 | 348 Mark with @samp{*} all files which are actually directories, except for |
349 @file{.} and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-directories}). With a numeric | |
350 argument, unmark all those files. | |
351 | |
352 @item * s | |
353 @kindex * s @r{(Dired)} | |
354 @findex dired-mark-subdir-files | |
355 Mark all the files in the current subdirectory, aside from @file{.} | |
356 and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-subdir-files}). | |
357 | |
358 @item u | |
359 @itemx * u | |
360 @kindex u @r{(Dired)} | |
361 @kindex * u @r{(Dired)} | |
362 @findex dired-unmark | |
363 Remove any mark on this line (@code{dired-unmark}). | |
364 | |
365 @item @key{DEL} | |
366 @itemx * @key{DEL} | |
367 @kindex * DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
368 @findex dired-unmark-backward | |
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369 @cindex unmarking files (in Dired) |
25829 | 370 Move point to previous line and remove any mark on that line |
371 (@code{dired-unmark-backward}). | |
372 | |
373 @item * ! | |
374 @kindex * ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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375 @findex dired-unmark-all-marks |
25829 | 376 Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer |
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377 (@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}). |
25829 | 378 |
379 @item * ? @var{markchar} | |
380 @kindex * ? @r{(Dired)} | |
381 @findex dired-unmark-all-files | |
382 Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar} | |
383 (@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single | |
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384 character---do not use @key{RET} to terminate it. See the description |
36507 | 385 of the @kbd{* c} command below, which lets you replace one mark |
386 character with another. | |
25829 | 387 |
388 With a numeric argument, this command queries about each marked file, | |
389 asking whether to remove its mark. You can answer @kbd{y} meaning yes, | |
390 @kbd{n} meaning no, or @kbd{!} to remove the marks from the remaining | |
391 files without asking about them. | |
392 | |
393 @item * C-n | |
394 @findex dired-next-marked-file | |
395 @kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
396 Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file}) | |
397 A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark. | |
398 | |
399 @item * C-p | |
400 @findex dired-prev-marked-file | |
401 @kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
402 Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file}) | |
403 | |
404 @item * t | |
405 @kindex * t @r{(Dired)} | |
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406 @findex dired-toggle-marks |
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407 @cindex toggling marks (in Dired) |
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408 Toggle all marks (@code{dired-toggle-marks}): files marked with @samp{*} |
25829 | 409 become unmarked, and unmarked files are marked with @samp{*}. Files |
410 marked in any other way are not affected. | |
411 | |
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412 @item * c @var{old-markchar} @var{new-markchar} |
25829 | 413 @kindex * c @r{(Dired)} |
414 @findex dired-change-marks | |
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415 Replace all marks that use the character @var{old-markchar} with marks |
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416 that use the character @var{new-markchar} (@code{dired-change-marks}). |
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417 This command is the primary way to create or use marks other than |
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418 @samp{*} or @samp{D}. The arguments are single characters---do not use |
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419 @key{RET} to terminate them. |
25829 | 420 |
421 You can use almost any character as a mark character by means of this | |
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422 command, to distinguish various classes of files. If @var{old-markchar} |
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423 is a space (@samp{ }), then the command operates on all unmarked files; |
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424 if @var{new-markchar} is a space, then the command unmarks the files it |
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425 acts on. |
25829 | 426 |
427 To illustrate the power of this command, here is how to put @samp{D} | |
428 flags on all the files that have no marks, while unflagging all those | |
429 that already have @samp{D} flags: | |
430 | |
431 @example | |
432 * c D t * c SPC D * c t SPC | |
433 @end example | |
434 | |
36507 | 435 This assumes that no files were already marked with @samp{t}. |
25829 | 436 |
437 @item % m @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
438 @itemx * % @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
439 @findex dired-mark-files-regexp | |
440 @kindex % m @r{(Dired)} | |
441 @kindex * % @r{(Dired)} | |
442 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose names match the regular expression | |
443 @var{regexp} (@code{dired-mark-files-regexp}). This command is like | |
444 @kbd{% d}, except that it marks files with @samp{*} instead of flagging | |
445 with @samp{D}. @xref{Flagging Many Files}. | |
446 | |
447 Only the non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. Use | |
448 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. Exclude subdirectories by | |
449 hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
450 | |
451 @item % g @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
452 @findex dired-mark-files-containing-regexp | |
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453 @kindex % g @r{(Dired)} |
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454 @cindex finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired) |
25829 | 455 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose @emph{contents} contain a match for |
456 the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
457 (@code{dired-mark-files-containing-regexp}). This command is like | |
458 @kbd{% m}, except that it searches the file contents instead of the file | |
459 name. | |
460 | |
461 @item C-_ | |
462 @kindex C-_ @r{(Dired)} | |
463 @findex dired-undo | |
464 Undo changes in the Dired buffer, such as adding or removing | |
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465 marks (@code{dired-undo}). @emph{This command does not revert the |
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466 actual file operations, nor recover lost files!} It just undoes |
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467 changes in the buffer itself. For example, if used after renaming one |
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468 or more files, @code{dired-undo} restores the original names, which |
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469 will get the Dired buffer out of sync with the actual contents of the |
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470 directory. |
25829 | 471 @end table |
472 | |
473 @node Operating on Files | |
474 @section Operating on Files | |
475 @cindex operating on files in Dired | |
476 | |
477 This section describes the basic Dired commands to operate on one file | |
478 or several files. All of these commands are capital letters; all of | |
479 them use the minibuffer, either to read an argument or to ask for | |
480 confirmation, before they act. All of them give you several ways to | |
481 specify which files to manipulate: | |
482 | |
483 @itemize @bullet | |
484 @item | |
485 If you give the command a numeric prefix argument @var{n}, it operates | |
486 on the next @var{n} files, starting with the current file. (If @var{n} | |
487 is negative, the command operates on the @minus{}@var{n} files preceding | |
488 the current line.) | |
489 | |
490 @item | |
491 Otherwise, if some files are marked with @samp{*}, the command operates | |
492 on all those files. | |
493 | |
494 @item | |
495 Otherwise, the command operates on the current file only. | |
496 @end itemize | |
497 | |
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498 @vindex dired-dwim-target |
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499 @cindex two directories (in Dired) |
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500 Commands which ask for a destination directory, such as those which |
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501 copy and rename files or create links for them, try to guess the default |
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502 target directory for the operation. Normally, they suggest the Dired |
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503 buffer's default directory, but if the variable @code{dired-dwim-target} |
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504 is non-@code{nil}, and if there is another Dired buffer displayed in the |
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505 next window, that other buffer's directory is suggested instead. |
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506 |
25829 | 507 Here are the file-manipulating commands that operate on files in this |
508 way. (Some other Dired commands, such as @kbd{!} and the @samp{%} | |
509 commands, also use these conventions to decide which files to work on.) | |
510 | |
511 @table @kbd | |
512 @findex dired-do-copy | |
513 @kindex C @r{(Dired)} | |
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514 @cindex copying files (in Dired) |
25829 | 515 @item C @var{new} @key{RET} |
516 Copy the specified files (@code{dired-do-copy}). The argument @var{new} | |
517 is the directory to copy into, or (if copying a single file) the new | |
518 name. | |
519 | |
520 @vindex dired-copy-preserve-time | |
521 If @code{dired-copy-preserve-time} is non-@code{nil}, then copying with | |
522 this command sets the modification time of the new file to be the same | |
523 as that of the old file. | |
524 | |
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525 @vindex dired-recursive-copies |
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526 @cindex recursive copying |
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527 The variable @code{dired-recursive-copies} controls whether |
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528 directories are copied recursively. The default is to not copy |
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529 recursively, which means that directories cannot be copied. |
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530 |
25829 | 531 @item D |
532 @findex dired-do-delete | |
533 @kindex D @r{(Dired)} | |
534 Delete the specified files (@code{dired-do-delete}). Like the other | |
535 commands in this section, this command operates on the @emph{marked} | |
536 files, or the next @var{n} files. By contrast, @kbd{x} | |
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537 (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}) deletes all @dfn{flagged} files. |
25829 | 538 |
539 @findex dired-do-rename | |
540 @kindex R @r{(Dired)} | |
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541 @cindex renaming files (in Dired) |
25829 | 542 @item R @var{new} @key{RET} |
543 Rename the specified files (@code{dired-do-rename}). The argument | |
544 @var{new} is the directory to rename into, or (if renaming a single | |
545 file) the new name. | |
546 | |
547 Dired automatically changes the visited file name of buffers associated | |
548 with renamed files so that they refer to the new names. | |
549 | |
550 @findex dired-do-hardlink | |
551 @kindex H @r{(Dired)} | |
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552 @cindex hard links (in Dired) |
25829 | 553 @item H @var{new} @key{RET} |
554 Make hard links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-hardlink}). The | |
555 argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if making | |
556 just one link) the name to give the link. | |
557 | |
558 @findex dired-do-symlink | |
559 @kindex S @r{(Dired)} | |
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560 @cindex symbolic links (creation in Dired) |
25829 | 561 @item S @var{new} @key{RET} |
562 Make symbolic links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-symlink}). | |
563 The argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if | |
564 making just one link) the name to give the link. | |
565 | |
566 @findex dired-do-chmod | |
567 @kindex M @r{(Dired)} | |
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568 @cindex changing file permissions (in Dired) |
25829 | 569 @item M @var{modespec} @key{RET} |
570 Change the mode (also called ``permission bits'') of the specified files | |
571 (@code{dired-do-chmod}). This uses the @code{chmod} program, so | |
572 @var{modespec} can be any argument that @code{chmod} can handle. | |
573 | |
574 @findex dired-do-chgrp | |
575 @kindex G @r{(Dired)} | |
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576 @cindex changing file group (in Dired) |
25829 | 577 @item G @var{newgroup} @key{RET} |
578 Change the group of the specified files to @var{newgroup} | |
579 (@code{dired-do-chgrp}). | |
580 | |
581 @findex dired-do-chown | |
582 @kindex O @r{(Dired)} | |
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583 @cindex changing file owner (in Dired) |
25829 | 584 @item O @var{newowner} @key{RET} |
585 Change the owner of the specified files to @var{newowner} | |
586 (@code{dired-do-chown}). (On most systems, only the superuser can do | |
587 this.) | |
588 | |
589 @vindex dired-chown-program | |
590 The variable @code{dired-chown-program} specifies the name of the | |
591 program to use to do the work (different systems put @code{chown} in | |
592 different places). | |
593 | |
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594 @findex dired-do-touch |
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595 @kindex T @r{(Dired)} |
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596 @cindex changing file time (in Dired) |
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597 @item T @var{timestamp} @key{RET} |
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598 Change the time of the specified files (@code{dired-do-touch}). |
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599 |
25829 | 600 @findex dired-do-print |
601 @kindex P @r{(Dired)} | |
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602 @cindex printing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 603 @item P @var{command} @key{RET} |
604 Print the specified files (@code{dired-do-print}). You must specify the | |
605 command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a | |
606 suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and | |
607 @code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses; | |
608 @pxref{Hardcopy}). | |
609 | |
610 @findex dired-do-compress | |
611 @kindex Z @r{(Dired)} | |
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612 @cindex compressing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 613 @item Z |
614 Compress the specified files (@code{dired-do-compress}). If the file | |
615 appears to be a compressed file already, it is uncompressed instead. | |
616 | |
617 @findex dired-do-load | |
618 @kindex L @r{(Dired)} | |
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619 @cindex loading several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 620 @item L |
621 Load the specified Emacs Lisp files (@code{dired-do-load}). | |
622 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
623 | |
624 @findex dired-do-byte-compile | |
625 @kindex B @r{(Dired)} | |
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626 @cindex byte-compiling several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 627 @item B |
628 Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files | |
629 (@code{dired-do-byte-compile}). @xref{Byte Compilation,, Byte | |
630 Compilation, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
631 | |
632 @kindex A @r{(Dired)} | |
633 @findex dired-do-search | |
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634 @cindex search multiple files (in Dired) |
25829 | 635 @item A @var{regexp} @key{RET} |
636 Search all the specified files for the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
637 (@code{dired-do-search}). | |
638 | |
639 This command is a variant of @code{tags-search}. The search stops at | |
640 the first match it finds; use @kbd{M-,} to resume the search and find | |
641 the next match. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
642 | |
643 @kindex Q @r{(Dired)} | |
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644 @findex dired-do-query-replace-regexp |
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645 @cindex search and replace in multiple files (in Dired) |
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646 @item Q @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} |
25829 | 647 Perform @code{query-replace-regexp} on each of the specified files, |
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648 replacing matches for @var{regexp} with the string |
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649 @var{to} (@code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp}). |
25829 | 650 |
651 This command is a variant of @code{tags-query-replace}. If you exit the | |
652 query replace loop, you can use @kbd{M-,} to resume the scan and replace | |
653 more matches. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
654 @end table | |
655 | |
656 @kindex + @r{(Dired)} | |
657 @findex dired-create-directory | |
658 One special file-operation command is @kbd{+} | |
659 (@code{dired-create-directory}). This command reads a directory name and | |
660 creates the directory if it does not already exist. | |
661 | |
662 @node Shell Commands in Dired | |
663 @section Shell Commands in Dired | |
664 @cindex shell commands, Dired | |
665 | |
666 @findex dired-do-shell-command | |
667 @kindex ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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668 @kindex X @r{(Dired)} |
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669 The Dired command @kbd{!} (@code{dired-do-shell-command}) reads a shell |
25829 | 670 command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the |
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671 specified files. @kbd{X} is a synonym for @kbd{!}. You can specify the |
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672 files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands |
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673 (@pxref{Operating on Files}). There are two ways of applying a shell |
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674 command to multiple files: |
25829 | 675 |
676 @itemize @bullet | |
677 @item | |
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678 If you use @samp{*} surrounded by whitespace in the shell command, |
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679 then the command runs just once, with the list of file names |
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680 substituted for the @samp{*}. The order of file names is the order of |
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681 appearance in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 682 |
683 Thus, @kbd{! tar cf foo.tar * @key{RET}} runs @code{tar} on the entire | |
684 list of file names, putting them into one tar file @file{foo.tar}. | |
685 | |
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686 If you want to use @samp{*} as a shell wildcard with whitespace around |
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687 it, write @samp{*""}. In the shell, this is equivalent to @samp{*}; |
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688 but since the @samp{*} is not surrounded by whitespace, Dired does |
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689 not treat it specially. |
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690 |
25829 | 691 @item |
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692 If the command string doesn't contain @samp{*} surrounded by |
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693 whitespace, then it runs once @emph{for each file}. Normally the file |
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694 name is added at the end. |
25829 | 695 |
696 For example, @kbd{! uudecode @key{RET}} runs @code{uudecode} on each | |
697 file. | |
698 | |
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699 @item |
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700 If the command string contains @samp{?} surrounded by whitespace, the |
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701 current file name is substituted for @samp{?}. You can use @samp{?} |
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702 this way more than once in the command, and each occurrence is |
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703 replaced. For instance, here is how to uuencode each file, making the |
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704 output file name by appending @samp{.uu} to the input file name: |
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705 |
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706 @example |
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707 uuencode ? ? > ?.uu |
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708 @end example |
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709 @end itemize |
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710 |
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711 To iterate over the file names in a more complicated fashion, use an |
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712 explicit shell loop. For example, this shell command is another way |
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713 to uuencode each file: |
25829 | 714 |
715 @example | |
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716 for file in * ; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done |
25829 | 717 @end example |
718 | |
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719 @noindent |
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720 This simple example doesn't require a shell loop (you can do it |
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721 with @samp{?}, but it illustrates the technique. |
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722 |
25829 | 723 The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory |
724 of the Dired buffer. | |
725 | |
726 The @kbd{!} command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show | |
727 new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell | |
728 commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use | |
729 the @kbd{g} command to update the Dired buffer (@pxref{Dired | |
730 Updating}). | |
731 | |
732 @node Transforming File Names | |
733 @section Transforming File Names in Dired | |
734 | |
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735 This section describes Dired commands which alter file names in a |
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736 systematic way. |
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737 |
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738 Like the basic Dired file-manipulation commands (@pxref{Operating on |
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739 Files}), the commands described here operate either on the next |
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740 @var{n} files, or on all files marked with @samp{*}, or on the current |
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741 file. (To mark files, use the commands described in @ref{Marks vs |
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742 Flags}.) |
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743 |
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744 All of the commands described in this section work |
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745 @emph{interactively}: they ask you to confirm the operation for each |
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746 candidate file. Thus, you can select more files than you actually |
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747 need to operate on (e.g., with a regexp that matches many files), and |
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748 then refine the selection by typing @kbd{y} or @kbd{n} when the |
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749 command prompts for confirmation. |
25829 | 750 |
751 @table @kbd | |
752 @findex dired-upcase | |
753 @kindex % u @r{(Dired)} | |
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754 @cindex upcase file names |
25829 | 755 @item % u |
756 Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name | |
757 (@code{dired-upcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} | |
758 and @file{bar}, the new names are @file{FOO} and @file{BAR}. | |
759 | |
760 @item % l | |
761 @findex dired-downcase | |
762 @kindex % l @r{(Dired)} | |
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763 @cindex downcase file names |
25829 | 764 Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name |
765 (@code{dired-downcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} and | |
766 @file{bar}, the new names are @file{foo} and @file{bar}. | |
767 | |
768 @item % R @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
769 @kindex % R @r{(Dired)} | |
770 @findex dired-do-rename-regexp | |
771 @itemx % C @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
772 @kindex % C @r{(Dired)} | |
773 @findex dired-do-copy-regexp | |
774 @itemx % H @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
775 @kindex % H @r{(Dired)} | |
776 @findex dired-do-hardlink-regexp | |
777 @itemx % S @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
778 @kindex % S @r{(Dired)} | |
779 @findex dired-do-symlink-regexp | |
780 These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links, | |
781 in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution | |
782 from the name of the old file. | |
783 @end table | |
784 | |
785 The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform | |
786 a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer. | |
787 They read two arguments: a regular expression @var{from}, and a | |
788 substitution pattern @var{to}. | |
789 | |
790 The commands match each ``old'' file name against the regular | |
791 expression @var{from}, and then replace the matching part with @var{to}. | |
792 You can use @samp{\&} and @samp{\@var{digit}} in @var{to} to refer to | |
793 all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in | |
794 @code{replace-regexp} (@pxref{Regexp Replace}). If the regular expression | |
795 matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced. | |
796 | |
797 For example, @kbd{% R ^.*$ @key{RET} x-\& @key{RET}} renames each | |
798 selected file by prepending @samp{x-} to its name. The inverse of this, | |
799 removing @samp{x-} from the front of each file name, is also possible: | |
800 one method is @kbd{% R ^x-\(.*\)$ @key{RET} \1 @key{RET}}; another is | |
801 @kbd{% R ^x- @key{RET} @key{RET}}. (Use @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor | |
802 matches that should span the whole filename.) | |
803 | |
804 Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files' | |
805 directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If | |
806 you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the | |
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807 entire absolute file name including directory name. (Non-zero |
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808 argument specifies the number of files to operate on.) |
25829 | 809 |
810 Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the | |
811 same @var{regexp} that you will use to operate on them. To do this, | |
812 mark those files with @kbd{% m @var{regexp} @key{RET}}, then use the | |
813 same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make | |
814 this easier, the @kbd{%} commands to operate on files use the last | |
815 regular expression specified in any @kbd{%} command as a default. | |
816 | |
817 @node Comparison in Dired | |
818 @section File Comparison with Dired | |
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819 @cindex file comparison (in Dired) |
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820 @cindex compare files (in Dired) |
25829 | 821 |
822 Here are two Dired commands that compare specified files using | |
823 @code{diff}. | |
824 | |
825 @table @kbd | |
826 @item = | |
827 @findex dired-diff | |
828 @kindex = @r{(Dired)} | |
829 Compare the current file (the file at point) with another file (the file | |
830 at the mark) using the @code{diff} program (@code{dired-diff}). The | |
831 file at the mark is the first argument of @code{diff}, and the file at | |
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832 point is the second argument. Use @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} |
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833 (@code{set-mark-command}) to set the mark at the first file's line |
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834 (@pxref{Setting Mark}), since @code{dired-diff} ignores the files marked |
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835 with the Dired's @kbd{m} command. |
25829 | 836 |
837 @findex dired-backup-diff | |
838 @kindex M-= @r{(Dired)} | |
839 @item M-= | |
840 Compare the current file with its latest backup file | |
841 (@code{dired-backup-diff}). If the current file is itself a backup, | |
842 compare it with the file it is a backup of; this way, you can compare | |
843 a file with any backup version of your choice. | |
844 | |
845 The backup file is the first file given to @code{diff}. | |
846 @end table | |
847 | |
848 @node Subdirectories in Dired | |
849 @section Subdirectories in Dired | |
850 @cindex subdirectories in Dired | |
851 @cindex expanding subdirectories in Dired | |
852 | |
853 A Dired buffer displays just one directory in the normal case; | |
854 but you can optionally include its subdirectories as well. | |
855 | |
856 The simplest way to include multiple directories in one Dired buffer is | |
857 to specify the options @samp{-lR} for running @code{ls}. (If you give a | |
858 numeric argument when you run Dired, then you can specify these options | |
859 in the minibuffer.) That produces a recursive directory listing showing | |
860 all subdirectories at all levels. | |
861 | |
862 But usually all the subdirectories are too many; usually you will | |
863 prefer to include specific subdirectories only. You can do this with | |
864 the @kbd{i} command: | |
865 | |
866 @table @kbd | |
867 @findex dired-maybe-insert-subdir | |
868 @kindex i @r{(Dired)} | |
869 @item i | |
870 @cindex inserted subdirectory (Dired) | |
871 @cindex in-situ subdirectory (Dired) | |
872 Insert the contents of a subdirectory later in the buffer. | |
873 @end table | |
874 | |
875 Use the @kbd{i} (@code{dired-maybe-insert-subdir}) command on a line | |
876 that describes a file which is a directory. It inserts the contents of | |
877 that directory into the same Dired buffer, and moves there. Inserted | |
878 subdirectory contents follow the top-level directory of the Dired | |
879 buffer, just as they do in @samp{ls -lR} output. | |
880 | |
881 If the subdirectory's contents are already present in the buffer, the | |
882 @kbd{i} command just moves to it. | |
883 | |
884 In either case, @kbd{i} sets the Emacs mark before moving, so @kbd{C-u | |
885 C-@key{SPC}} takes you back to the old position in the buffer (the line | |
886 describing that subdirectory). | |
887 | |
888 Use the @kbd{l} command (@code{dired-do-redisplay}) to update the | |
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889 subdirectory's contents. Use @kbd{C-u k} on the subdirectory header |
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890 line to delete the subdirectory. @xref{Dired Updating}. |
25829 | 891 |
892 @node Subdirectory Motion | |
893 @section Moving Over Subdirectories | |
894 | |
895 When a Dired buffer lists subdirectories, you can use the page motion | |
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896 commands @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]} to move by entire directories |
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897 (@pxref{Pages}). |
25829 | 898 |
899 @cindex header line (Dired) | |
900 @cindex directory header lines | |
901 The following commands move across, up and down in the tree of | |
902 directories within one Dired buffer. They move to @dfn{directory header | |
903 lines}, which are the lines that give a directory's name, at the | |
904 beginning of the directory's contents. | |
905 | |
906 @table @kbd | |
907 @findex dired-next-subdir | |
908 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Dired)} | |
909 @item C-M-n | |
910 Go to next subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
911 (@code{dired-next-subdir}). | |
912 | |
913 @findex dired-prev-subdir | |
914 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Dired)} | |
915 @item C-M-p | |
916 Go to previous subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
917 (@code{dired-prev-subdir}). | |
918 | |
919 @findex dired-tree-up | |
920 @kindex C-M-u @r{(Dired)} | |
921 @item C-M-u | |
922 Go up to the parent directory's header line (@code{dired-tree-up}). | |
923 | |
924 @findex dired-tree-down | |
925 @kindex C-M-d @r{(Dired)} | |
926 @item C-M-d | |
927 Go down in the directory tree, to the first subdirectory's header line | |
928 (@code{dired-tree-down}). | |
929 | |
930 @findex dired-prev-dirline | |
931 @kindex < @r{(Dired)} | |
932 @item < | |
933 Move up to the previous directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
934 These lines are the ones that describe a directory as a file in its | |
935 parent directory. | |
936 | |
937 @findex dired-next-dirline | |
938 @kindex > @r{(Dired)} | |
939 @item > | |
940 Move down to the next directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
941 @end table | |
942 | |
943 @node Hiding Subdirectories | |
944 @section Hiding Subdirectories | |
945 | |
946 @cindex hiding in Dired (Dired) | |
947 @dfn{Hiding} a subdirectory means to make it invisible, except for its | |
948 header line, via selective display (@pxref{Selective Display}). | |
949 | |
950 @table @kbd | |
951 @item $ | |
952 @findex dired-hide-subdir | |
953 @kindex $ @r{(Dired)} | |
954 Hide or reveal the subdirectory that point is in, and move point to the | |
955 next subdirectory (@code{dired-hide-subdir}). A numeric argument serves | |
956 as a repeat count. | |
957 | |
958 @item M-$ | |
959 @findex dired-hide-all | |
960 @kindex M-$ @r{(Dired)} | |
961 Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer, leaving only their header | |
962 lines (@code{dired-hide-all}). Or, if any subdirectory is currently | |
963 hidden, make all subdirectories visible again. You can use this command | |
964 to get an overview in very deep directory trees or to move quickly to | |
965 subdirectories far away. | |
966 @end table | |
967 | |
968 Ordinary Dired commands never consider files inside a hidden | |
969 subdirectory. For example, the commands to operate on marked files | |
970 ignore files in hidden directories even if they are marked. Thus you | |
971 can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations | |
972 without having to remove the markers. | |
973 | |
974 The subdirectory hiding commands toggle; that is, they hide what was | |
975 visible, and show what was hidden. | |
976 | |
977 @node Dired Updating | |
978 @section Updating the Dired Buffer | |
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979 @cindex updating Dired buffer |
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980 @cindex refreshing displayed files |
25829 | 981 |
982 This section describes commands to update the Dired buffer to reflect | |
983 outside (non-Dired) changes in the directories and files, and to delete | |
984 part of the Dired buffer. | |
985 | |
986 @table @kbd | |
987 @item g | |
988 Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer (@code{revert-buffer}). | |
989 | |
990 @item l | |
991 Update the specified files (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). | |
992 | |
993 @item k | |
994 Delete the specified @emph{file lines}---not the files, just the lines | |
995 (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). | |
996 | |
997 @item s | |
998 Toggle between alphabetical order and date/time order | |
999 (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}). | |
1000 | |
1001 @item C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET} | |
1002 Refresh the Dired buffer using @var{switches} as | |
1003 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
1004 @end table | |
1005 | |
1006 @kindex g @r{(Dired)} | |
1007 @findex revert-buffer @r{(Dired)} | |
1008 Type @kbd{g} (@code{revert-buffer}) to update the contents of the | |
1009 Dired buffer, based on changes in the files and directories listed. | |
1010 This preserves all marks except for those on files that have vanished. | |
1011 Hidden subdirectories are updated but remain hidden. | |
1012 | |
1013 @kindex l @r{(Dired)} | |
1014 @findex dired-do-redisplay | |
1015 To update only some of the files, type @kbd{l} | |
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1016 (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). Like the Dired file-operating commands, |
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1017 this command operates on the next @var{n} files (or previous |
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1018 @minus{}@var{n} files), or on the marked files if any, or on the |
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1019 current file. Updating the files means reading their current status, |
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1020 then updating their lines in the buffer to indicate that status. |
25829 | 1021 |
1022 If you use @kbd{l} on a subdirectory header line, it updates the | |
1023 contents of the corresponding subdirectory. | |
1024 | |
1025 @kindex k @r{(Dired)} | |
1026 @findex dired-do-kill-lines | |
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1027 To delete the specified @emph{file lines} from the buffer---not |
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1028 delete the files---type @kbd{k} (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). Like |
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1029 the file-operating commands, this command operates on the next @var{n} |
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1030 files, or on the marked files if any; but it does not operate on the |
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1031 current file as a last resort. |
25829 | 1032 |
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1033 If you use @kbd{k} with a numeric prefix argument to kill the line |
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1034 for a file that is a directory, which you have inserted in the Dired |
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1035 buffer as a subdirectory, then this deletes that subdirectory from the |
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1036 buffer as well. Typing @kbd{C-u k} on the header line for a subdirectory |
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1037 is another way to delete a subdirectory from the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 1038 |
1039 The @kbd{g} command brings back any individual lines that you have | |
1040 killed in this way, but not subdirectories---you must use @kbd{i} to | |
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1041 reinsert a subdirectory. |
25829 | 1042 |
1043 @cindex Dired sorting | |
1044 @cindex sorting Dired buffer | |
1045 @kindex s @r{(Dired)} | |
1046 @findex dired-sort-toggle-or-edit | |
1047 The files in a Dired buffers are normally listed in alphabetical order | |
1048 by file names. Alternatively Dired can sort them by date/time. The | |
1049 Dired command @kbd{s} (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}) switches | |
1050 between these two sorting modes. The mode line in a Dired buffer | |
1051 indicates which way it is currently sorted---by name, or by date. | |
1052 | |
1053 @kbd{C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}} lets you specify a new value for | |
1054 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
1055 | |
1056 @node Dired and Find | |
1057 @section Dired and @code{find} | |
1058 @cindex @code{find} and Dired | |
1059 | |
1060 You can select a set of files for display in a Dired buffer more | |
1061 flexibly by using the @code{find} utility to choose the files. | |
1062 | |
1063 @findex find-name-dired | |
1064 To search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern use | |
1065 @kbd{M-x find-name-dired}. It reads arguments @var{directory} and | |
1066 @var{pattern}, and chooses all the files in @var{directory} or its | |
1067 subdirectories whose individual names match @var{pattern}. | |
1068 | |
1069 The files thus chosen are displayed in a Dired buffer in which the | |
1070 ordinary Dired commands are available. | |
1071 | |
1072 @findex find-grep-dired | |
1073 If you want to test the contents of files, rather than their names, | |
1074 use @kbd{M-x find-grep-dired}. This command reads two minibuffer | |
1075 arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in | |
1076 @var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for | |
1077 @var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and | |
1078 @code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Compilation}. | |
1079 Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs. | |
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1080 (An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given |
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1081 regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.) |
25829 | 1082 |
1083 @findex find-dired | |
1084 The most general command in this series is @kbd{M-x find-dired}, which | |
1085 lets you specify any condition that @code{find} can test. It takes two | |
1086 minibuffer arguments, @var{directory} and @var{find-args}; it runs | |
1087 @code{find} in @var{directory}, passing @var{find-args} to tell | |
1088 @code{find} what condition to test. To use this command, you need to | |
1089 know how to use @code{find}. | |
1090 | |
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1091 @vindex find-ls-option |
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1092 The format of listing produced by these commands is controlled by the |
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1093 variable @code{find-ls-option}, whose default value specifies using |
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1094 options @samp{-ld} for @code{ls}. If your listings are corrupted, you |
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1095 may need to change the value of this variable. |
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1096 |
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1097 @findex locate |
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1098 @findex locate-with-filter |
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1099 @cindex file database (locate) |
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1100 @vindex locate-command |
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1101 @kbd{M-x locate} provides a similar interface to the @code{locate} |
38156 | 1102 program. @kbd{M-x locate-with-filter} is similar, but keeps only lines |
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1103 matching a given regular expression. |
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1104 |
56113
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1105 These buffers don't work entirely like ordinary Dired buffers. File |
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1106 operations work, but do not always automatically update the buffer. |
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1107 Reverting the buffer with @kbd{g} deletes all inserted subdirectories, |
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1108 and erases all flags and marks. |
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1109 |
52576
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1110 @node Misc Dired Commands |
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1111 @section Other Dired Commands |
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1112 |
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1113 @table @kbd |
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1114 @item w |
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1115 @cindex Adding to the kill ring in Dired. |
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1116 @kindex w |
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1117 @findex dired-copy-filename-as-kill |
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1118 The @kbd{w} command (@code{dired-copy-filename-as-kill}) puts the |
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1119 names of the marked (or next @var{n}) files into the kill ring, as if |
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1120 you had killed them with @kbd{C-w}. With a zero prefix argument |
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1121 @var{n}=0, use the absolute file name of each marked file. With just |
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1122 @kbd{C-u} as the prefix argument, use the relative file name of each |
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1123 marked file. As a special case, if no prefix argument is given and |
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1124 point is on a directory headerline, @kbd{w} gives you the name of that |
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1125 directory without looking for marked files. |
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1126 |
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1127 @vindex dired-marked-files |
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1128 The main purpose of the @kbd{w} command is so that you can yank the |
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1129 file names into arguments for other Emacs commands. It also displays |
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1130 what was pushed onto the kill ring, so you can use it to display the |
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1131 list of currently marked files in the echo area. It also stores the |
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1132 list of names in the variable @code{dired-marked-files}, for use in |
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1133 Lisp expressions. |
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1134 @end table |
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1135 |
52401 | 1136 @ignore |
1137 arch-tag: d105f9b9-fc1b-4c5f-a949-9b2cf3ca2fc1 | |
1138 @end ignore |