annotate lispref/display.texi @ 22099:50b3a29265e4

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author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../info/display
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6 @node Display, Calendar, Processes, Top
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7 @chapter Emacs Display
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8
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9 This chapter describes a number of features related to the display
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10 that Emacs presents to the user.
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11
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12 @menu
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13 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
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14 * Screen Size:: How big is the Emacs screen.
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15 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
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16 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed.
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17 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
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18 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way).
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19 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position.
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20 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
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21 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer.
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22 * Width:: How wide is a character or string.
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23 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics appearance: font, color, etc.
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24 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
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25 * Inverse Video:: Specifying how the screen looks.
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26 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
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27 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
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28 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
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29 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
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30 @end menu
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31
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32 @node Refresh Screen
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33 @section Refreshing the Screen
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34
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35 The function @code{redraw-frame} redisplays the entire contents of a
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36 given frame. @xref{Frames}.
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37
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38 @c Emacs 19 feature
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39 @defun redraw-frame frame
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40 This function clears and redisplays frame @var{frame}.
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41 @end defun
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42
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43 Even more powerful is @code{redraw-display}:
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44
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45 @deffn Command redraw-display
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46 This function clears and redisplays all visible frames.
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47 @end deffn
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48
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49 Processing user input takes absolute priority over redisplay. If you
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50 call these functions when input is available, they do nothing
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51 immediately, but a full redisplay does happen eventually---after all the
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52 input has been processed.
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53
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54 Normally, suspending and resuming Emacs also refreshes the screen.
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55 Some terminal emulators record separate contents for display-oriented
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56 programs such as Emacs and for ordinary sequential display. If you are
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57 using such a terminal, you might want to inhibit the redisplay on
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58 resumption.
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59
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60 @defvar no-redraw-on-reenter
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61 @cindex suspend (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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62 @cindex resume (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter})
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63 This variable controls whether Emacs redraws the entire screen after it
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64 has been suspended and resumed. Non-@code{nil} means there is no need
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65 to redraw, @code{nil} means redrawing is needed. The default is @code{nil}.
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66 @end defvar
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67
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68 @node Screen Size
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69 @section Screen Size
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70 @cindex size of screen
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71 @cindex screen size
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72 @cindex display lines
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73 @cindex display columns
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74 @cindex resize redisplay
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75
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76 The screen size functions access or specify the height or width of
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77 the terminal. When you are using multiple frames, they apply to the
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78 selected frame (@pxref{Frames}).
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79
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80 @defun screen-height
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81 This function returns the number of lines on the screen that are
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82 available for display.
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83
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84 @example
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85 @group
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86 (screen-height)
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87 @result{} 50
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88 @end group
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89 @end example
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90 @end defun
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91
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92 @defun screen-width
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93 This function returns the number of columns on the screen that are
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94 available for display.
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95
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96 @example
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97 @group
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98 (screen-width)
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99 @result{} 80
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100 @end group
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101 @end example
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102 @end defun
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103
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104 @defun set-screen-height lines &optional not-actual-size
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105 This function declares that the terminal can display @var{lines} lines.
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106 The sizes of existing windows are altered proportionally to fit.
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107
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108 If @var{not-actual-size} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays
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109 @var{lines} lines of output, but does not change its value for the
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110 actual height of the screen. (Knowing the correct actual size may be
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111 necessary for correct cursor positioning.) Using a smaller height than
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112 the terminal actually implements may be useful to reproduce behavior
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113 observed on a smaller screen, or if the terminal malfunctions when using
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114 its whole screen.
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115
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116 If @var{lines} is different from what it was previously, then the
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117 entire screen is cleared and redisplayed using the new size.
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118
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119 This function returns @code{nil}.
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120 @end defun
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121
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122 @defun set-screen-width columns &optional not-actual-size
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123 This function declares that the terminal can display @var{columns}
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124 columns. The details are as in @code{set-screen-height}.
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125 @end defun
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126
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127 @node Truncation
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128 @section Truncation
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129 @cindex line wrapping
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130 @cindex continuation lines
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131 @cindex @samp{$} in display
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132 @cindex @samp{\} in display
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133
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134 When a line of text extends beyond the right edge of a window, the
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135 line can either be continued on the next screen line, or truncated to
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136 one screen line. The additional screen lines used to display a long
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137 text line are called @dfn{continuation} lines. Normally, a @samp{$} in
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138 the rightmost column of the window indicates truncation; a @samp{\} on
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139 the rightmost column indicates a line that ``wraps'' onto the next line,
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140 which is also called @dfn{continuing} the line. (The display table can
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141 specify alternative indicators; see @ref{Display Tables}.)
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142
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143 Note that continuation is different from filling; continuation happens
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144 on the screen only, not in the buffer contents, and it breaks a line
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145 precisely at the right margin, not at a word boundary. @xref{Filling}.
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146
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147 @defopt truncate-lines
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148 This buffer-local variable controls how Emacs displays lines that extend
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149 beyond the right edge of the window. The default is @code{nil}, which
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150 specifies continuation. If the value is non-@code{nil}, then these
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151 lines are truncated.
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152
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153 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is non-@code{nil},
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154 then truncation is always used for side-by-side windows (within one
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155 frame) regardless of the value of @code{truncate-lines}.
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156 @end defopt
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157
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158 @defopt default-truncate-lines
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159 This variable is the default value for @code{truncate-lines}, for
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160 buffers that do not have buffer-local values for it.
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161 @end defopt
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163 @defopt truncate-partial-width-windows
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164 This variable controls display of lines that extend beyond the right
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165 edge of the window, in side-by-side windows (@pxref{Splitting Windows}).
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166 If it is non-@code{nil}, these lines are truncated; otherwise,
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167 @code{truncate-lines} says what to do with them.
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168 @end defopt
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169
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170 You can override the glyphs that indicate continuation or truncation
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171 using the display table; see @ref{Display Tables}.
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172
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173 If your buffer contains @strong{very} long lines, and you use
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174 continuation to display them, just thinking about them can make Emacs
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175 redisplay slow. The column computation and indentation functions also
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176 become slow. Then you might find it advisable to set
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177 @code{cache-long-line-scans} to @code{t}.
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178
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179 @defvar cache-long-line-scans
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180 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, various indentation and motion
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181 functions, and Emacs redisplay, cache the results of scanning the
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182 buffer, and consult the cache to avoid rescanning regions of the buffer
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183 unless they are modified.
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184
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185 Turning on the cache slows down processing of short lines somewhat.
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186
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187 This variable is automatically buffer-local in every buffer.
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188 @end defvar
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189
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190 @node The Echo Area
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191 @section The Echo Area
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192 @cindex error display
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193 @cindex echo area
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194
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195 The @dfn{echo area} is used for displaying messages made with the
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196 @code{message} primitive, and for echoing keystrokes. It is not the
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197 same as the minibuffer, despite the fact that the minibuffer appears
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198 (when active) in the same place on the screen as the echo area. The
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199 @cite{GNU Emacs Manual} specifies the rules for resolving conflicts
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200 between the echo area and the minibuffer for use of that screen space
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201 (@pxref{Minibuffer,, The Minibuffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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202 Error messages appear in the echo area; see @ref{Errors}.
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203
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204 You can write output in the echo area by using the Lisp printing
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205 functions with @code{t} as the stream (@pxref{Output Functions}), or as
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206 follows:
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207
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208 @defun message string &rest arguments
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209 This function displays a one-line message in the echo area. The
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210 argument @var{string} is similar to a C language @code{printf} control
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211 string. See @code{format} in @ref{String Conversion}, for the details
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212 on the conversion specifications. @code{message} returns the
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213 constructed string.
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214
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215 In batch mode, @code{message} prints the message text on the standard
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216 error stream, followed by a newline.
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217
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218 @c Emacs 19 feature
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219 If @var{string} is @code{nil}, @code{message} clears the echo area. If
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220 the minibuffer is active, this brings the minibuffer contents back onto
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221 the screen immediately.
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222
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223 @example
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224 @group
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225 (message "Minibuffer depth is %d."
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226 (minibuffer-depth))
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227 @print{} Minibuffer depth is 0.
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228 @result{} "Minibuffer depth is 0."
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229 @end group
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230
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231 @group
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232 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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233 Minibuffer depth is 0.
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234 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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235 @end group
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236 @end example
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237 @end defun
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238
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239 @tindex current-message
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240 @defun current-message
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241 This function returns the message currently being displayed in the
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242 echo area, or @code{nil} if there is none.
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243 @end defun
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244
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245 @defvar cursor-in-echo-area
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246 This variable controls where the cursor appears when a message is
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247 displayed in the echo area. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the cursor
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248 appears at the end of the message. Otherwise, the cursor appears at
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249 point---not in the echo area at all.
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250
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251 The value is normally @code{nil}; Lisp programs bind it to @code{t}
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252 for brief periods of time.
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253 @end defvar
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254
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255 @tindex echo-area-clear-hook
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256 @defvar echo-area-clear-hook
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257 This normal hook is run whenever the echo area is cleared---either by
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258 @code{(message nil)} or for any other reason.
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259 @end defvar
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260
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261 Almost all the messages displayed in the echo area are also recorded
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262 in the @samp{*Messages*} buffer.
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263
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264 @defopt message-log-max
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265 This variable specifies how many lines to keep in the @samp{*Messages*}
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266 buffer. The value @code{t} means there is no limit on how many lines to
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267 keep. The value @code{nil} disables message logging entirely. Here's
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268 how to display a message and prevent it from being logged:
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269
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270 @example
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271 (let (message-log-max)
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272 (message @dots{}))
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273 @end example
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274 @end defopt
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275
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276 @defvar echo-keystrokes
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277 This variable determines how much time should elapse before command
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278 characters echo. Its value must be an integer, which specifies the
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279 number of seconds to wait before echoing. If the user types a prefix
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280 key (such as @kbd{C-x}) and then delays this many seconds before
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281 continuing, the prefix key is echoed in the echo area. Any subsequent
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282 characters in the same command will be echoed as well.
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283
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284 If the value is zero, then command input is not echoed.
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285 @end defvar
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286
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287 @node Invisible Text
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288 @section Invisible Text
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289
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290 @cindex invisible text
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291 You can make characters @dfn{invisible}, so that they do not appear on
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292 the screen, with the @code{invisible} property. This can be either a
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293 text property or a property of an overlay.
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294
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295 In the simplest case, any non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property makes
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296 a character invisible. This is the default case---if you don't alter
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297 the default value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}, this is how the
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298 @code{invisible} property works.
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299
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300 More generally, you can use the variable @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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301 to control which values of the @code{invisible} property make text
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302 invisible. This permits you to classify the text into different subsets
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303 in advance, by giving them different @code{invisible} values, and
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304 subsequently make various subsets visible or invisible by changing the
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305 value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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306
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307 Controlling visibility with @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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308 especially useful in a program to display the list of entries in a data
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309 base. It permits the implementation of convenient filtering commands to
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310 view just a part of the entries in the data base. Setting this variable
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311 is very fast, much faster than scanning all the text in the buffer
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312 looking for properties to change.
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313
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314 @defvar buffer-invisibility-spec
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315 This variable specifies which kinds of @code{invisible} properties
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316 actually make a character invisible.
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317
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318 @table @asis
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319 @item @code{t}
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320 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property is
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321 non-@code{nil}. This is the default.
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322
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323 @item a list
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324 Each element of the list specifies a criterion for invisibility; if a
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325 character's @code{invisible} property fits any one of these criteria,
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326 the character is invisible. The list can have two kinds of elements:
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327
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328 @table @code
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329 @item @var{atom}
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330 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value
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331 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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332
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333 @item (@var{atom} . t)
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334 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value
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335 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member.
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336 Moreover, if this character is at the end of a line and is followed
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337 by a visible newline, it displays an ellipsis.
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338 @end table
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339 @end table
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340 @end defvar
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341
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342 Two functions are specifically provided for adding elements to
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343 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and removing elements from it.
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344
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345 @tindex add-to-invisibility-spec
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346 @defun add-to-invisibility-spec element
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347 Add the element @var{element} to @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}
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348 (if it is not already present in that list).
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349 @end defun
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350
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351 @tindex remove-from-invisibility-spec
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352 @defun remove-from-invisibility-spec element
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353 Remove the element @var{element} from @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}.
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354 @end defun
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355
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356 One convention about the use of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is
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357 that a major mode should use the mode's own name as an element of
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358 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and as the value of the @code{invisible}
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359 property:
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360
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361 @example
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362 ;; @r{If you want to display an ellipsis:}
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363 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
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364 ;; @r{If you don't want ellipsis:}
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365 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
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366
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367 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end)
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368 'invisible 'my-symbol)
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369
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370 ;; @r{When done with the overlays:}
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371 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t))
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372 ;; @r{Or respectively:}
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373 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol)
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374 @end example
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375
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376 @vindex line-move-ignore-invisible
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377 Ordinarily, commands that operate on text or move point do not care
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378 whether the text is invisible. The user-level line motion commands
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379 explicitly ignore invisible newlines if
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380 @code{line-move-ignore-invisible} is non-@code{nil}, but only because
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381 they are explicitly programmed to do so.
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382
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383 Incremental search can make invisible overlays visible temporarily
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384 and/or permanently when a match includes invisible text. To enable
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385 this, the overlay should have a non-@code{nil}
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386 @code{isearch-open-invisible} property. The property value should be a
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387 function to be called with the overlay as an argument. This function
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388 should make the overlay visible permanently; it is used when the match
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389 overlaps the overlay on exit from the search.
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390
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391 During the search, such overlays are made temporarily visible by
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392 temporarily modifying their invisible and intangible properties. If you
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393 want this to be done differently for a certain overlays, give it a
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394 @code{isearch-open-invisible-temporary} property which is a function.
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395 The function is called with two arguments: the first is the overlay, and
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396 the second is @code{nil} to make the overlay visible or @code{t} to make
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397 it invisible again.
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398
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399 @node Selective Display
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400 @section Selective Display
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401 @cindex selective display
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402
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403 @dfn{Selective display} refers to a pair of related features for
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404 hiding certain lines on the screen.
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405
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406 The first variant, explicit selective display, is designed for use in
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407 a Lisp program: it controls which lines are hidden by altering the text.
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408 The invisible text feature (@pxref{Invisible Text}) has partially
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409 replaced this feature.
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410
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411 In the second variant, the choice of lines to hide is made
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412 automatically based on indentation. This variant is designed to be a
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413 user-level feature.
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414
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415 The way you control explicit selective display is by replacing a
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416 newline (control-j) with a carriage return (control-m). The text that
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417 was formerly a line following that newline is now invisible. Strictly
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418 speaking, it is temporarily no longer a line at all, since only newlines
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419 can separate lines; it is now part of the previous line.
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420
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421 Selective display does not directly affect editing commands. For
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422 example, @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) moves point unhesitatingly into
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423 invisible text. However, the replacement of newline characters with
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424 carriage return characters affects some editing commands. For example,
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425 @code{next-line} skips invisible lines, since it searches only for
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426 newlines. Modes that use selective display can also define commands
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427 that take account of the newlines, or that make parts of the text
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428 visible or invisible.
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429
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430 When you write a selectively displayed buffer into a file, all the
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431 control-m's are output as newlines. This means that when you next read
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432 in the file, it looks OK, with nothing invisible. The selective display
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433 effect is seen only within Emacs.
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434
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435 @defvar selective-display
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436 This buffer-local variable enables selective display. This means that
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437 lines, or portions of lines, may be made invisible.
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438
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439 @itemize @bullet
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440 @item
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441 If the value of @code{selective-display} is @code{t}, then any portion
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442 of a line that follows a control-m is not displayed. This is explicit
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443 selective display.
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444
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445 @item
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446 If the value of @code{selective-display} is a positive integer, then
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447 lines that start with more than that many columns of indentation are not
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448 displayed.
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449 @end itemize
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450
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451 When some portion of a buffer is invisible, the vertical movement
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452 commands operate as if that portion did not exist, allowing a single
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453 @code{next-line} command to skip any number of invisible lines.
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454 However, character movement commands (such as @code{forward-char}) do
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455 not skip the invisible portion, and it is possible (if tricky) to insert
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456 or delete text in an invisible portion.
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457
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458 In the examples below, we show the @emph{display appearance} of the
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459 buffer @code{foo}, which changes with the value of
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460 @code{selective-display}. The @emph{contents} of the buffer do not
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461 change.
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462
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463 @example
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464 @group
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465 (setq selective-display nil)
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466 @result{} nil
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467
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468 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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469 1 on this column
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470 2on this column
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471 3n this column
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472 3n this column
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473 2on this column
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474 1 on this column
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475 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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476 @end group
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477
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478 @group
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479 (setq selective-display 2)
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480 @result{} 2
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481
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482 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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483 1 on this column
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484 2on this column
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485 2on this column
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486 1 on this column
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487 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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488 @end group
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489 @end example
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490 @end defvar
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491
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492 @defvar selective-display-ellipses
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493 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays
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494 @samp{@dots{}} at the end of a line that is followed by invisible text.
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495 This example is a continuation of the previous one.
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496
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497 @example
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498 @group
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499 (setq selective-display-ellipses t)
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500 @result{} t
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501
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502 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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503 1 on this column
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504 2on this column ...
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505 2on this column
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506 1 on this column
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507 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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508 @end group
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509 @end example
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510
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511 You can use a display table to substitute other text for the ellipsis
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512 (@samp{@dots{}}). @xref{Display Tables}.
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513 @end defvar
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514
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515 @node Overlay Arrow
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516 @section The Overlay Arrow
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517 @cindex overlay arrow
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518
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519 The @dfn{overlay arrow} is useful for directing the user's attention
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520 to a particular line in a buffer. For example, in the modes used for
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521 interface to debuggers, the overlay arrow indicates the line of code
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522 about to be executed.
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523
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524 @defvar overlay-arrow-string
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525 This variable holds the string to display to call attention to a
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526 particular line, or @code{nil} if the arrow feature is not in use.
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527 @end defvar
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528
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529 @defvar overlay-arrow-position
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530 This variable holds a marker that indicates where to display the overlay
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531 arrow. It should point at the beginning of a line. The arrow text
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532 appears at the beginning of that line, overlaying any text that would
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533 otherwise appear. Since the arrow is usually short, and the line
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534 usually begins with indentation, normally nothing significant is
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535 overwritten.
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536
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537 The overlay string is displayed only in the buffer that this marker
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538 points into. Thus, only one buffer can have an overlay arrow at any
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539 given time.
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540 @c !!! overlay-arrow-position: but the overlay string may remain in the display
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541 @c of some other buffer until an update is required. This should be fixed
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542 @c now. Is it?
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543 @end defvar
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544
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545 You can do a similar job by creating an overlay with a
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546 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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547
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548 @node Temporary Displays
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549 @section Temporary Displays
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550
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551 Temporary displays are used by Lisp programs to put output into a
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552 buffer and then present it to the user for perusal rather than for
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553 editing. Many help commands use this feature.
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554
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555 @defspec with-output-to-temp-buffer buffer-name forms@dots{}
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556 This function executes @var{forms} while arranging to insert any
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557 output they print into the buffer named @var{buffer-name}. The buffer
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558 is then shown in some window for viewing, displayed but not selected.
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559
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560 The string @var{buffer-name} specifies the temporary buffer, which
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561 need not already exist. The argument must be a string, not a buffer.
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562 The buffer is erased initially (with no questions asked), and it is
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563 marked as unmodified after @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} exits.
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564
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565 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} binds @code{standard-output} to the
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566 temporary buffer, then it evaluates the forms in @var{forms}. Output
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567 using the Lisp output functions within @var{forms} goes by default to
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568 that buffer (but screen display and messages in the echo area, although
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569 they are ``output'' in the general sense of the word, are not affected).
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570 @xref{Output Functions}.
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571
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572 The value of the last form in @var{forms} is returned.
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573
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574 @example
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575 @group
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576 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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577 This is the contents of foo.
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578 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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579 @end group
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580
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581 @group
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582 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "foo"
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583 (print 20)
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584 (print standard-output))
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585 @result{} #<buffer foo>
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586
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587 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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588 20
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589
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590 #<buffer foo>
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591
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592 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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593 @end group
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594 @end example
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595 @end defspec
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596
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597 @defvar temp-buffer-show-function
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598 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}
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599 calls it as a function to do the job of displaying a help buffer. The
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600 function gets one argument, which is the buffer it should display.
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601 @end defvar
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602
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603 @defun momentary-string-display string position &optional char message
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604 This function momentarily displays @var{string} in the current buffer at
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605 @var{position}. It has no effect on the undo list or on the buffer's
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606 modification status.
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607
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608 The momentary display remains until the next input event. If the next
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609 input event is @var{char}, @code{momentary-string-display} ignores it
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610 and returns. Otherwise, that event remains buffered for subsequent use
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611 as input. Thus, typing @var{char} will simply remove the string from
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612 the display, while typing (say) @kbd{C-f} will remove the string from
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613 the display and later (presumably) move point forward. The argument
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614 @var{char} is a space by default.
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615
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616 The return value of @code{momentary-string-display} is not meaningful.
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617
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618 If the string @var{string} does not contain control characters, you can
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619 do the same job in a more general way by creating (and then subsequently
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620 deleting) an overlay with a @code{before-string} property.
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621 @xref{Overlay Properties}.
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622
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623 If @var{message} is non-@code{nil}, it is displayed in the echo area
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624 while @var{string} is displayed in the buffer. If it is @code{nil}, a
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625 default message says to type @var{char} to continue.
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626
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627 In this example, point is initially located at the beginning of the
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628 second line:
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629
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630 @example
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631 @group
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632 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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633 This is the contents of foo.
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634 @point{}Second line.
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635 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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636 @end group
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637
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638 @group
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639 (momentary-string-display
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640 "**** Important Message! ****"
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641 (point) ?\r
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642 "Type RET when done reading")
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643 @result{} t
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644 @end group
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645
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646 @group
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647 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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648 This is the contents of foo.
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649 **** Important Message! ****Second line.
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650 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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651
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652 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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653 Type RET when done reading
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654 ---------- Echo Area ----------
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655 @end group
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656 @end example
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657 @end defun
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658
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659 @node Overlays
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660 @section Overlays
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661 @cindex overlays
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662
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663 You can use @dfn{overlays} to alter the appearance of a buffer's text on
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diff changeset
664 the screen, for the sake of presentation features. An overlay is an
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
665 object that belongs to a particular buffer, and has a specified
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
666 beginning and end. It also has properties that you can examine and set;
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
667 these affect the display of the text within the overlay.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
668
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diff changeset
669 @menu
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parents:
diff changeset
670 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties.
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parents:
diff changeset
671 What properties do to the screen display.
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parents:
diff changeset
672 * Managing Overlays:: Creating, moving, finding overlays.
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parents:
diff changeset
673 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
674
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parents:
diff changeset
675 @node Overlay Properties
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parents:
diff changeset
676 @subsection Overlay Properties
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
677
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parents:
diff changeset
678 Overlay properties are like text properties in some respects, but the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 differences are more important than the similarities. Text properties
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
680 are considered a part of the text; overlays are specifically considered
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 not to be part of the text. Thus, copying text between various buffers
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 and strings preserves text properties, but does not try to preserve
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
683 overlays. Changing a buffer's text properties marks the buffer as
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 modified, while moving an overlay or changing its properties does not.
21682
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
685 Unlike text property changes, overlay changes are not recorded in the
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
686 buffer's undo list.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
687
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
688 @table @code
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
689 @item priority
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parents:
diff changeset
690 @kindex priority @r{(overlay property)}
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parents:
diff changeset
691 This property's value (which should be a nonnegative number) determines
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 the priority of the overlay. The priority matters when two or more
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 overlays cover the same character and both specify a face for display;
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 the one whose @code{priority} value is larger takes priority over the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 other, and its face attributes override the face attributes of the lower
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 priority overlay.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
697
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parents:
diff changeset
698 Currently, all overlays take priority over text properties. Please
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 avoid using negative priority values, as we have not yet decided just
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 what they should mean.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
701
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parents:
diff changeset
702 @item window
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parents:
diff changeset
703 @kindex window @r{(overlay property)}
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parents:
diff changeset
704 If the @code{window} property is non-@code{nil}, then the overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
705 applies only on that window.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
706
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
707 @item category
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
708 @kindex category @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
709 If an overlay has a @code{category} property, we call it the
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
710 @dfn{category} of the overlay. It should be a symbol. The properties
12067
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
711 of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the overlay.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
712
6598
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diff changeset
713 @item face
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parents:
diff changeset
714 @kindex face @r{(overlay property)}
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
715 This property controls the way text is displayed---for example, which
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
716 font and which colors. Its value is a face name or a list of face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
717 names. @xref{Faces}, for more information.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
718
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
719 If the property value is a list, elements may also have the form
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
720 @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} or @code{(background-color
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
721 . @var{color-name})}. These elements specify just the foreground color
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
722 or just the background color; therefore, there is no need to create a
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
723 face for each color that you want to use.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
724
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
725 @item mouse-face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
726 @kindex mouse-face @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
727 This property is used instead of @code{face} when the mouse is within
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
728 the range of the overlay.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
729
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
730 @item modification-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
731 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
732 This property's value is a list of functions to be called if any
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
733 character within the overlay is changed or if text is inserted strictly
12067
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
734 within the overlay.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
735
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
736 The hook functions are called both before and after each change.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
737 If the functions save the information they receive, and compare notes
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
738 between calls, they can determine exactly what change has been made
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
739 in the buffer text.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
740
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
741 When called before a change, each function receives four arguments: the
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
742 overlay, @code{nil}, and the beginning and end of the text range to be
7086
075343a6b32b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6598
diff changeset
743 modified.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
744
12067
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
745 When called after a change, each function receives five arguments: the
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
746 overlay, @code{t}, the beginning and end of the text range just
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
747 modified, and the length of the pre-change text replaced by that range.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
748 (For an insertion, the pre-change length is zero; for a deletion, that
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
749 length is the number of characters deleted, and the post-change
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
750 beginning and end are equal.)
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
751
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
752 @item insert-in-front-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
753 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
754 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
755 after inserting text right at the beginning of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
756 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
757
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
758 @item insert-behind-hooks
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
759 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
760 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
761 after inserting text right at the end of the overlay. The calling
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
762 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
763
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
764 @item invisible
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
765 @kindex invisible @r{(overlay property)}
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
766 The @code{invisible} property can make the text in the overlay
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
767 invisible, which means that it does not appear on the screen.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
768 @xref{Invisible Text}, for details.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
769
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
770 @item intangible
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
771 @kindex intangible @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
772 The @code{intangible} property on an overlay works just like the
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
773 @code{intangible} text property. @xref{Special Properties}, for details.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
774
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
775 @item isearch-open-invisible
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
776 @itemx isearch-open-invisible-temporary
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
777 These properties control how incremental search should make invisible an
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
778 overlay visible, either permanently or temporarily. @xref{Invisible
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
779 Text}.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
780
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
781 @item before-string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
782 @kindex before-string @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
783 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the beginning
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
784 of the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
785 sense---only on the screen. The string should contain only characters
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
786 that display as a single column---control characters, including tabs or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
787 newlines, will give strange results.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
788
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
789 @item after-string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
790 @kindex after-string @r{(overlay property)}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
791 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the end of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
792 the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
793 sense---only on the screen. The string should contain only characters
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
794 that display as a single column---control characters, including tabs or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
795 newlines, will give strange results.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
796
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
797 @item evaporate
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
798 @kindex evaporate @r{(overlay property)}
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
799 If this property is non-@code{nil}, the overlay is deleted automatically
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
800 if it ever becomes empty (i.e., if it spans no characters).
16123
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
801
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
802 @item local-map
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
803 @cindex keymap of character (and overlays)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
804 @kindex local-map @r{(overlay property)}
16123
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
805 If this property is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a keymap for a portion
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
806 of the text. The property's value replaces the buffer's local map, when
ec5f48fe0320 Mention local-value property on an overlay.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 15761
diff changeset
807 the character after point is within the overlay. @xref{Active Keymaps}.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
808 @end table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
809
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
810 These are the functions for reading and writing the properties of an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 overlay.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
812
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
813 @defun overlay-get overlay prop
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
814 This function returns the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
815 @var{overlay}, if any. If @var{overlay} does not record any value for
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
816 that property, but it does have a @code{category} property which is a
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
817 symbol, that symbol's @var{prop} property is used. Otherwise, the value
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
818 is @code{nil}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
819 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
820
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
821 @defun overlay-put overlay prop value
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
822 This function sets the value of property @var{prop} recorded in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 @var{overlay} to @var{value}. It returns @var{value}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
824 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
825
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
826 See also the function @code{get-char-property} which checks both
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 overlay properties and text properties for a given character.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
828 @xref{Examining Properties}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
829
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parents:
diff changeset
830 @node Managing Overlays
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parents:
diff changeset
831 @subsection Managing Overlays
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parents:
diff changeset
832
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
833 This section describes the functions to create, delete and move
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
834 overlays, and to examine their contents.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
835
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
836 @defun make-overlay start end &optional buffer front-advance rear-advance
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
837 This function creates and returns an overlay that belongs to
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
838 @var{buffer} and ranges from @var{start} to @var{end}. Both @var{start}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 and @var{end} must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
840 markers. If @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay is created in the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
841 current buffer.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
842
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
843 The arguments @var{front-advance} and @var{rear-advance} specify the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
844 insertion type for the start of the overlay and for the end of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
845 overlay. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
846 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
847
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
848 @defun overlay-start overlay
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
849 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} starts,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
850 as an integer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
851 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
852
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
853 @defun overlay-end overlay
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
854 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} ends,
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
855 as an integer.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
856 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
857
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
858 @defun overlay-buffer overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 This function returns the buffer that @var{overlay} belongs to.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
861
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
862 @defun delete-overlay overlay
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 This function deletes @var{overlay}. The overlay continues to exist as
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 a Lisp object, but ceases to be part of the buffer it belonged to, and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 ceases to have any effect on display.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 @defun move-overlay overlay start end &optional buffer
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 This function moves @var{overlay} to @var{buffer}, and places its bounds
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 at @var{start} and @var{end}. Both arguments @var{start} and @var{end}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or markers. If
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay stays in the same buffer.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
874 The return value is @var{overlay}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 This is the only valid way to change the endpoints of an overlay. Do
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 not try modifying the markers in the overlay by hand, as that fails to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 update other vital data structures and can cause some overlays to be
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 ``lost''.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @defun overlays-at pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 This function returns a list of all the overlays that contain position
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @var{pos} in the current buffer. The list is in no particular order.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 An overlay contains position @var{pos} if it begins at or before
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @var{pos}, and ends after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
889 @tindex overlays-in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
890 @defun overlays-in beg end
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
891 This function returns a list of the overlays that overlap the region
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
892 @var{beg} through @var{end}. ``Overlap'' means that at least one
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
893 character is contained within the overlay and also contained within the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
894 specified region; however, empty overlays are included in the result if
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
895 they are located at @var{beg} or between @var{beg} and @var{end}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
896 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
897
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @defun next-overlay-change pos
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 This function returns the buffer position of the next beginning or end
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 of an overlay, after @var{pos}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
903 @defun previous-overlay-change pos
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
904 This function returns the buffer position of the previous beginning or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
905 end of an overlay, before @var{pos}.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
906 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
907
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
908 @node Width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
909 @section Width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
910
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
911 Since not all characters have the same width, these functions let you
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
912 check the width of a character. @xref{Primitive Indent}, and
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
913 @ref{Screen Lines}, for related functions.
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
914
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
915 @tindex char-width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
916 @defun char-width char
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
917 This function returns the width in columns of the character @var{char},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
918 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
919 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
920
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
921 @tindex string-width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
922 @defun string-width string
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
923 This function returns the width in columns of the string @var{string},
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
924 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
925 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
926
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
927 @tindex truncate-string-to-width
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
928 @defun truncate-string-to-width string width &optional start-column padding
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
929 This function returns the part of @var{string} that fits within
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
930 @var{width} columns, as a new string.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
931
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
932 If @var{string} does not reach @var{width}, then the result ends where
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
933 @var{string} ends. If one multi-column character in @var{string}
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
934 extends across the column @var{width}, that character is not included in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
935 the result. Thus, the result can fall short of @var{width} but cannot
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
936 go beyond it.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
937
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
938 The optional argument @var{start-column} specifies the starting column.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
939 If this is non-@code{nil}, then the first @var{start-column} columns of
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
940 the string are omitted from the value. If one multi-column character in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
941 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}, that
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
942 character is not included.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
943
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
944 The optional argument @var{padding}, if non-@code{nil}, is a padding
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
945 character added at the beginning and end of the result string, to extend
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
946 it to exactly @var{width} columns. The padding character is used at the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
947 end of the result if it falls short of @var{width}. It is also used at
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
948 the beginning of the result if one multi-column character in
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
949 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
950
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
951 @example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
952 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4)
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
953 @result{} "ab"
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
954 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4 ?\ )
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
955 @result{} " ab "
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
956 @end example
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
957 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
958
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 @node Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 @section Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 @cindex face
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 A @dfn{face} is a named collection of graphical attributes: font,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
964 foreground color, background color, and optional underlining. Faces
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 control the display of text on the screen.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 @cindex face id
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
968 Each face has its own @dfn{face number}, which distinguishes faces at
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 low levels within Emacs. However, for most purposes, you can refer to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 faces in Lisp programs by their names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971
12067
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
972 @defun facep object
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
973 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a face name symbol (or
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
974 if it is a vector of the kind used internally to record face data). It
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
975 returns @code{nil} otherwise.
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
976 @end defun
73dc8205d259 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 10211
diff changeset
977
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 Each face name is meaningful for all frames, and by default it has the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 same meaning in all frames. But you can arrange to give a particular
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 face name a special meaning in one frame if you wish.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 @menu
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 * Standard Faces:: The faces Emacs normally comes with.
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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984 * Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}.
6598
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985 * Merging Faces:: How Emacs decides which face to use for a character.
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parents:
diff changeset
986 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces.
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parents:
diff changeset
987 @end menu
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diff changeset
988
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diff changeset
989 @node Standard Faces
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parents:
diff changeset
990 @subsection Standard Faces
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parents:
diff changeset
991
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diff changeset
992 This table lists all the standard faces and their uses.
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parents:
diff changeset
993
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diff changeset
994 @table @code
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parents:
diff changeset
995 @item default
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diff changeset
996 @kindex default @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
997 This face is used for ordinary text.
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parents:
diff changeset
998
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999 @item modeline
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 @kindex modeline @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1001 This face is used for mode lines and menu bars.
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parents:
diff changeset
1002
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diff changeset
1003 @item region
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 @kindex region @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1005 This face is used for highlighting the region in Transient Mark mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
1006
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 @item secondary-selection
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parents:
diff changeset
1008 @kindex secondary-selection @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1009 This face is used to show any secondary selection you have made.
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parents:
diff changeset
1010
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diff changeset
1011 @item highlight
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parents:
diff changeset
1012 @kindex highlight @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1013 This face is meant to be used for highlighting for various purposes.
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parents:
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1014
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1015 @item underline
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parents:
diff changeset
1016 @kindex underline @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 This face underlines text.
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parents:
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1018
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1019 @item bold
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1020 @kindex bold @r{(face name)}
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diff changeset
1021 This face uses a bold font, if possible. It uses the bold variant of
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 the frame's font, if it has one. It's up to you to choose a default
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parents:
diff changeset
1023 font that has a bold variant, if you want to use one.
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parents:
diff changeset
1024
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diff changeset
1025 @item italic
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parents:
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1026 @kindex italic @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1027 This face uses the italic variant of the frame's font, if it has one.
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parents:
diff changeset
1028
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parents:
diff changeset
1029 @item bold-italic
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parents:
diff changeset
1030 @kindex bold-italic @r{(face name)}
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parents:
diff changeset
1031 This face uses the bold italic variant of the frame's font, if it has
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parents:
diff changeset
1032 one.
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parents:
diff changeset
1033 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1034
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diff changeset
1035 @node Defining Faces
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diff changeset
1036 @section Defining Faces
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1037
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1038 The way to define a new face is with @code{defface}. This creates a
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1039 kind of customization item (@pxref{Customization}) which the user can
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1040 customize using the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy Customization,,,
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1041 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1042
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diff changeset
1043 @tindex defface
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1044 @defmac defface face spec doc [keyword value]...
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1045 Declare @var{face} as a customizable face that defaults according to
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1046 @var{spec}. Do not quote the symbol @var{face}. The argument @var{doc}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1047 specifies the face documentation.
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diff changeset
1048
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diff changeset
1049 When @code{defface} executes, it defines the face according to
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1050 @var{spec}, then uses any customizations saved in the @file{.emacs} file
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1051 to override that specification.
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diff changeset
1052
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1053 The purpose of @var{spec} is to specify how the face should appear on
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1054 different kinds of terminals. It should be an alist whose elements have
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1055 the form @code{(@var{display} @var{atts})}. The element's @sc{car},
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1056 @var{display}, specifies a class of terminals. The @sc{cdr},
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1057 @var{atts}, is a list of face attributes and their values; it specifies
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1058 what the face should look like on that kind of terminal. The possible
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1059 attributes are defined in the value of @code{custom-face-attributes}.
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1060
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diff changeset
1061 The @var{display} part of an element of @var{spec} determines which
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1062 frames the element applies to. If more than one element of @var{spec}
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1063 matches a given frame, the first matching element is the only one used
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1064 for that frame. There are two possibilities for @var{display}:
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diff changeset
1065
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diff changeset
1066 @table @asis
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diff changeset
1067 @item @code{t}
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1068 This element of @var{spec} matches all frames. Therefore, any
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1069 subsequent elements of @var{spec} are never used. Normally
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1070 @code{t} is used in the last (or only) element of @var{spec}.
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diff changeset
1071
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diff changeset
1072 @item an list
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1073 If @var{display} is alist, each elements should have the form
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diff changeset
1074 @code{(@var{characteristic} @var{value}@dots{})}. Here
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1075 @var{characteristic} specifies a way of classifying frames, and the
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diff changeset
1076 @var{value}s are possible classifications which @var{display} should
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1077 apply to. Here are the possible values of @var{characteristic}:
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1078
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diff changeset
1079 @table @code
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diff changeset
1080 @item type
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1081 The kind of window system the frame uses---either @code{x}, @code{pc}
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1082 (for the MS-DOS console), @code{w32} (for MS Windows 9X/NT), or
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1083 @code{tty}.
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diff changeset
1084
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diff changeset
1085 @item class
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1086 What kinds of colors the frame supports---either @code{color},
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1087 @code{grayscale}, or @code{mono}.
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diff changeset
1088
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diff changeset
1089 @item background
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1090 The kind of background--- either @code{light} or @code{dark}.
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diff changeset
1091 @end table
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diff changeset
1092
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diff changeset
1093 If an element of @var{display} specifies more than one @var{value} for a
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1094 given @var{characteristic}, any of those values is acceptable. If
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1095 @var{display} has more than one element, each element should specify a
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1096 different @var{characteristic}; then @emph{each} characteristic of the
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1097 frame must match one of the @var{value}s specified for it in
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1098 @var{display}.
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diff changeset
1099 @end table
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diff changeset
1100 @end defmac
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diff changeset
1101
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diff changeset
1102 Here's how the standard face @code{region} could be defined
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1103 with @code{defface}:
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1104
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diff changeset
1105 @example
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diff changeset
1106 (defface region
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diff changeset
1107 ((((class color) (background dark))
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1108 (:background "blue"))
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diff changeset
1109 (t (:background "gray")))
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diff changeset
1110 "Used for displaying the region.")
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diff changeset
1111 @end example
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diff changeset
1112
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1113 Internally, @code{defface} uses the symbol property
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diff changeset
1114 @code{face-defface-spec} to record the face attributes specified in
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diff changeset
1115 @code{defface}, @code{saved-face} for the attributes saved by the user
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1116 with the customization buffer, and @code{face-documentation} for the
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diff changeset
1117 documentation string.
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diff changeset
1118
6598
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1119 @node Merging Faces
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parents:
diff changeset
1120 @subsection Merging Faces for Display
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parents:
diff changeset
1121
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parents:
diff changeset
1122 Here are all the ways to specify which face to use for display of text:
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parents:
diff changeset
1123
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parents:
diff changeset
1124 @itemize @bullet
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diff changeset
1125 @item
21682
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diff changeset
1126 With defaults. Each frame has a @dfn{default face}, which is used for
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1127 all text that doesn't somehow specify another face. (We may change this
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diff changeset
1128 in a forthcoming Emacs version to serve as a default for all text.)
6598
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diff changeset
1129
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parents:
diff changeset
1130 @item
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diff changeset
1131 With text properties. A character may have a @code{face} property; if so,
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1132 it is displayed with that face. @xref{Special Properties}.
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1133
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parents:
diff changeset
1134 If the character has a @code{mouse-face} property, that is used instead
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1135 of the @code{face} property when the mouse is ``near enough'' to the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1136 character.
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parents:
diff changeset
1137
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parents:
diff changeset
1138 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1139 With overlays. An overlay may have @code{face} and @code{mouse-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1140 properties too; they apply to all the text covered by the overlay.
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parents:
diff changeset
1141
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diff changeset
1142 @item
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1143 With a region that is active. In Transient Mark mode, the region is
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1144 highlighted with a particular face (see @code{region-face}, below).
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1145
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1146 @item
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1147 With special glyphs. Each glyph can specify a particular face
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 number. @xref{Glyphs}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 If these various sources together specify more than one face for a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 particular character, Emacs merges the attributes of the various faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 specified. The attributes of the faces of special glyphs come first;
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1154 then comes the face for region highlighting, if appropriate;
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 then come attributes of faces from overlays, followed by those from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 properties, and last the default face.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 When multiple overlays cover one character, an overlay with higher
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 priority overrides those with lower priority. @xref{Overlays}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 If an attribute such as the font or a color is not specified in any of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 the above ways, the frame's own font or color is used.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 @node Face Functions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 @subsection Functions for Working with Faces
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 The attributes a face can specify include the font, the foreground
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 color, the background color, and underlining. The face can also leave
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 these unspecified by giving the value @code{nil} for them.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 Here are the primitives for creating and changing faces.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 @defun make-face name
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 This function defines a new face named @var{name}, initially with all
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 attributes @code{nil}. It does nothing if there is already a face named
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 @var{name}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 @defun face-list
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 This function returns a list of all defined face names.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 @defun copy-face old-face new-name &optional frame new-frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 This function defines the face @var{new-name} as a copy of the existing
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 face named @var{old-face}. It creates the face @var{new-name} if that
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 doesn't already exist.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 If the optional argument @var{frame} is given, this function applies
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 only to that frame. Otherwise it applies to each frame individually,
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 copying attributes from @var{old-face} in each frame to @var{new-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 in the same frame.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 If the optional argument @var{new-frame} is given, then @code{copy-face}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 copies the attributes of @var{old-face} in @var{frame} to @var{new-name}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 in @var{new-frame}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 You can modify the attributes of an existing face with the following
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 functions. If you specify @var{frame}, they affect just that frame;
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 otherwise, they affect all frames as well as the defaults that apply to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 new frames.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 @defun set-face-foreground face color &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 @defunx set-face-background face color &optional frame
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1205 These functions set the foreground (or background, respectively) color
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1206 of face @var{face} to @var{color}. The argument @var{color} should be a
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 string, the name of a color.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1208
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1209 Certain shades of gray are implemented by stipple patterns on
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1210 black-and-white screens.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1211 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1212
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1213 @defun set-face-stipple face pattern &optional frame
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1214 This function sets the background stipple pattern of face @var{face} to
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1215 @var{pattern}. The argument @var{pattern} should be the name of a
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1216 stipple pattern defined by the X server, or @code{nil} meaning don't use
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1217 stipple.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1218
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1219 Normally there is no need to pay attention to stipple patterns, because
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1220 they are used automatically to handle certain shades of gray.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 @defun set-face-font face font &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 This function sets the font of face @var{face}. The argument @var{font}
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1225 should be a string. Note that if you set the font explicitly, the bold
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1226 and italic attributes cease to have any effect, because the precise font
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1227 that you specified is always used.
18234
2e66f4ee4ca8 Add make-face-bold/italic and unbold/unitalic.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16123
diff changeset
1228 @end defun
2e66f4ee4ca8 Add make-face-bold/italic and unbold/unitalic.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 16123
diff changeset
1229
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1230 @tindex set-face-bold-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1231 @defun set-face-bold-p face bold-p &optional frame
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1232 This function sets the bold attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1233 Non-@code{nil} means bold; @code{nil} means non-bold.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1234 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1235
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1236 @tindex set-face-italic-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1237 @defun set-face-italic-p face italic-p &optional frame
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1238 This function sets the italic attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1239 Non-@code{nil} means italic; @code{nil} means non-italic.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1240 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1241
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1242 @defun set-face-underline-p face underline-p &optional frame
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1243 This function sets the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1244 Non-@code{nil} means do underline; @code{nil} means don't.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1245 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1246
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247 @defun invert-face face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 Swap the foreground and background colors of face @var{face}. If the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 face doesn't specify both foreground and background, then its foreground
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1250 and background are set to the default background and foreground,
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1251 respectively.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 These functions examine the attributes of a face. If you don't
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 specify @var{frame}, they refer to the default data for new frames.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 @defun face-foreground face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 @defunx face-background face &optional frame
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1259 These functions return the foreground color (or background color,
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1260 respectively) of face @var{face}, as a string.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1263 @defun face-stipple face &optional frame
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1264 This function returns the name of the background stipple pattern of face
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1265 @var{face}, or @code{nil} if it doesn't have one.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1266 @end defun
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1267
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268 @defun face-font face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 This function returns the name of the font of face @var{face}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1272 @tindex face-bold-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1273 @defun face-bold-p face &optional frame
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1274 This function returns the bold attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1275 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1276
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1277 @tindex face-italic-p
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1278 @defun face-italic-p face &optional frame
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1279 This function returns the italic attribute of face @var{face}.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1280 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1281
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1282 @defun face-underline-p face &optional frame
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1283 This function returns the underline attribute of face @var{face}.
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1284 @end defun
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1285
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1286 @defun face-id face
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1287 This function returns the face number of face @var{face}.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1290 @tindex face-documentation
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1291 @defun face-documentation face
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1292 This function returns the documentation string of face @var{face}, or
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1293 @code{nil} if none was specified for it.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1294 @end defun
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1295
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 @defun face-equal face1 face2 &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 This returns @code{t} if the faces @var{face1} and @var{face2} have the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 same attributes for display.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 @defun face-differs-from-default-p face &optional frame
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1302 This returns @code{t} if the face @var{face} displays differently from
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1303 the default face. A face is considered to be ``the same'' as the normal
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parents:
diff changeset
1304 face if each attribute is either the same as that of the default face or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1305 @code{nil} (meaning to inherit from the default).
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parents:
diff changeset
1306 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1307
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1308 @defvar region-face
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1309 This variable's value specifies the face number to use to display characters
6598
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parents:
diff changeset
1310 in the region when it is active (in Transient Mark mode only). The face
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parents:
diff changeset
1311 thus specified takes precedence over all faces that come from text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1312 properties and overlays, for characters in the region. @xref{The Mark},
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parents:
diff changeset
1313 for more information about Transient Mark mode.
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parents:
diff changeset
1314
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1315 Normally, the value is the face number of the face named @code{region}.
6598
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diff changeset
1316 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1317
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parents:
diff changeset
1318 @node Blinking
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parents:
diff changeset
1319 @section Blinking Parentheses
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parents:
diff changeset
1320 @cindex parenthesis matching
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parents:
diff changeset
1321 @cindex blinking
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parents:
diff changeset
1322 @cindex balancing parentheses
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parents:
diff changeset
1323 @cindex close parenthesis
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parents:
diff changeset
1324
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parents:
diff changeset
1325 This section describes the mechanism by which Emacs shows a matching
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parents:
diff changeset
1326 open parenthesis when the user inserts a close parenthesis.
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parents:
diff changeset
1327
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parents:
diff changeset
1328 @defvar blink-paren-function
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parents:
diff changeset
1329 The value of this variable should be a function (of no arguments) to
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1330 be called whenever a character with close parenthesis syntax is inserted.
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parents:
diff changeset
1331 The value of @code{blink-paren-function} may be @code{nil}, in which
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parents:
diff changeset
1332 case nothing is done.
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parents:
diff changeset
1333 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1334
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parents:
diff changeset
1335 @defvar blink-matching-paren
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parents:
diff changeset
1336 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{blink-matching-open} does
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parents:
diff changeset
1337 nothing.
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parents:
diff changeset
1338 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1339
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parents:
diff changeset
1340 @defvar blink-matching-paren-distance
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parents:
diff changeset
1341 This variable specifies the maximum distance to scan for a matching
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parents:
diff changeset
1342 parenthesis before giving up.
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parents:
diff changeset
1343 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
1344
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a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1345 @defvar blink-matching-paren-delay
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1346 This variable specifies the number of seconds for the cursor to remain
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1347 at the matching parenthesis. A fraction of a second often gives
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1348 good results, but the default is 1, which works on all systems.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1349 @end defvar
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1350
6598
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diff changeset
1351 @defun blink-matching-open
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parents:
diff changeset
1352 This function is the default value of @code{blink-paren-function}. It
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1353 assumes that point follows a character with close parenthesis syntax and
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1354 moves the cursor momentarily to the matching opening character. If that
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parents:
diff changeset
1355 character is not already on the screen, it displays the character's
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1356 context in the echo area. To avoid long delays, this function does not
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 search farther than @code{blink-matching-paren-distance} characters.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1358
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1359 Here is an example of calling this function explicitly.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1360
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1361 @smallexample
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parents:
diff changeset
1362 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1363 (defun interactive-blink-matching-open ()
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1364 @c Do not break this line! -- rms.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1365 @c The first line of a doc string
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 @c must stand alone.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 "Indicate momentarily the start of sexp before point."
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 (interactive)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1369 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1370 @group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1371 (let ((blink-matching-paren-distance
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 (buffer-size))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 (blink-matching-paren t))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374 (blink-matching-open)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 @end group
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1376 @end smallexample
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377 @end defun
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1378
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1379 @node Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @section Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 @cindex Inverse Video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 @defopt inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 @cindex highlighting
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 This variable controls whether Emacs uses inverse video for all text
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 on the screen. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. The
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 default is @code{nil}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1389
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1390 @defopt mode-line-inverse-video
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1391 This variable controls the use of inverse video for mode lines. If it
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1392 is non-@code{nil}, then mode lines are displayed in inverse video.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1393 Otherwise, mode lines are displayed normally, just like text. The
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1394 default is @code{t}.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
1395
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1396 For window frames, this displays mode lines using the face named
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1397 @code{modeline}, which is normally the inverse of the default face
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
1398 unless you change it.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1399 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1400
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1401 @node Usual Display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1402 @section Usual Display Conventions
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1403
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1404 The usual display conventions define how to display each character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 code. You can override these conventions by setting up a display table
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 (@pxref{Display Tables}). Here are the usual display conventions:
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1407
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1408 @itemize @bullet
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1409 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 Character codes 32 through 126 map to glyph codes 32 through 126.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 Normally this means they display as themselves.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1412
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1414 Character code 9 is a horizontal tab. It displays as whitespace
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 up to a position determined by @code{tab-width}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1417 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1418 Character code 10 is a newline.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1421 All other codes in the range 0 through 31, and code 127, display in one
9009
7cdfcd5e71ff entered into RCS
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8925
diff changeset
1422 of two ways according to the value of @code{ctl-arrow}. If it is
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1423 non-@code{nil}, these codes map to sequences of two glyphs, where the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 first glyph is the @sc{ASCII} code for @samp{^}. (A display table can
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{^}.) Otherwise, these codes map
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 just like the codes in the range 128 to 255.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1428 @item
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1429 Character codes 128 through 255 map to sequences of four glyphs, where
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 the first glyph is the @sc{ASCII} code for @samp{\}, and the others are
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1431 digit characters representing the charatcer code in octal. (A display
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1432 table can specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{\}.)
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1433
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1434 @item
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1435 Multibyte character codes above 256 are displayed as themselves, or as a
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1436 question mark or empty box if the terminal cannot display that
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1437 character.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1438 @end itemize
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1439
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1440 The usual display conventions apply even when there is a display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 table, for any character whose entry in the active display table is
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 @code{nil}. Thus, when you set up a display table, you need only
21682
90da2489c498 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
diff changeset
1443 specify the characters for which you want special behavior.
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1444
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1445 These variables affect the way certain characters are displayed on the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 screen. Since they change the number of columns the characters occupy,
21007
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1447 they also affect the indentation functions. These variables also affect
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1448 how the mode line is displayed; if you want to force redisplay of the
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1449 mode line using the new values, call the function
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 18234
diff changeset
1450 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}).
6598
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1451
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1452 @defopt ctl-arrow
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1453 @cindex control characters in display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1454 This buffer-local variable controls how control characters are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 displayed. If it is non-@code{nil}, they are displayed as a caret
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 followed by the character: @samp{^A}. If it is @code{nil}, they are
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 displayed as a backslash followed by three octal digits: @samp{\001}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1458 @end defopt
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1459
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1460 @c Following may have overfull hbox.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1461 @defvar default-ctl-arrow
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{ctl-arrow} in
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 buffers that do not override it. @xref{Default Value}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1464 @end defvar
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1465
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1466 @defopt tab-width
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1467 The value of this variable is the spacing between tab stops used for
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1468 displaying tab characters in Emacs buffers. The default is 8. Note
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1469 that this feature is completely independent of the user-settable tab
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1470 stops used by the command @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. @xref{Indent Tabs}.
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diff changeset
1471 @end defopt
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parents:
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1472
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1473 @node Display Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
1474 @section Display Tables
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parents:
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1475
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1476 @cindex display table
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1477 You can use the @dfn{display table} feature to control how all possible
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parents: 21007
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1478 character codes display on the screen. This is useful for displaying
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1479 European languages that have letters not in the @sc{ASCII} character
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parents: 21007
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1480 set.
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1481
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1482 The display table maps each character code into a sequence of
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1483 @dfn{glyphs}, each glyph being an image that takes up one character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1484 position on the screen. You can also define how to display each glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1485 on your terminal, using the @dfn{glyph table}.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
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1486
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1487 Display tables affect how the mode line is displayed; if you want to
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parents: 18234
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1488 force redisplay of the mode line using a new display table, call
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parents: 18234
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1489 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}).
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1490
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1491 @menu
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parents:
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1492 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of.
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parents:
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1493 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use.
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parents:
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1494 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean.
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parents:
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1495 @end menu
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1496
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1497 @node Display Table Format
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parents:
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1498 @subsection Display Table Format
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1499
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1500 A display table is actually char-table with subtype @code{display-table}.
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1501
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1502 @defun make-display-table
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parents:
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1503 This creates and returns a display table. The table initially has
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parents:
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1504 @code{nil} in all elements.
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1505 @end defun
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1506
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1507 The ordinary elements of the display table are indexed by character
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parents: 18234
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1508 codes; the element at index @var{c} says how to display the character
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1509 code @var{c}. The value should be @code{nil} or a vector of glyph
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1510 values (@pxref{Glyphs}). If an element is @code{nil}, it says to
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parents: 18234
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1511 display that character according to the usual display conventions
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parents: 18234
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1512 (@pxref{Usual Display}).
12067
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1513
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1514 If you use the display table to change the display of newline
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parents: 10211
diff changeset
1515 characters, the whole buffer will be displayed as one long ``line.''
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parents:
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1516
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1517 The display table also has six ``extra slots'' which serve special
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1518 purposes. Here is a table of their meanings; @code{nil} in any slot
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diff changeset
1519 means to use the default for that slot, as stated below.
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1520
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1521 @table @asis
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1522 @item 0
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1523 The glyph for the end of a truncated screen line (the default for this
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1524 is @samp{$}). @xref{Glyphs}.
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1525 @item 1
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1526 The glyph for the end of a continued line (the default is @samp{\}).
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parents: 18234
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1527 @item 2
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diff changeset
1528 The glyph for indicating a character displayed as an octal character
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1529 code (the default is @samp{\}).
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1530 @item 3
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1531 The glyph for indicating a control character (the default is @samp{^}).
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1532 @item 4
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1533 A vector of glyphs for indicating the presence of invisible lines (the
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parents:
diff changeset
1534 default is @samp{...}). @xref{Selective Display}.
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1535 @item 5
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents: 8096
diff changeset
1536 The glyph used to draw the border between side-by-side windows (the
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parents: 8096
diff changeset
1537 default is @samp{|}). @xref{Splitting Windows}.
6598
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1538 @end table
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parents:
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1539
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1540 For example, here is how to construct a display table that mimics the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1541 effect of setting @code{ctl-arrow} to a non-@code{nil} value:
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parents:
diff changeset
1542
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1543 @example
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1544 (setq disptab (make-display-table))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1545 (let ((i 0))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1546 (while (< i 32)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1547 (or (= i ?\t) (= i ?\n)
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1548 (aset disptab i (vector ?^ (+ i 64))))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1549 (setq i (1+ i)))
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1550 (aset disptab 127 (vector ?^ ??)))
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parents:
diff changeset
1551 @end example
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diff changeset
1552
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1553 @tindex display-table-slot
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diff changeset
1554 @defun display-table-slot display-table slot
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diff changeset
1555 This function returns the value of the extra slot @var{slot} of
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diff changeset
1556 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to
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parents: 18234
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1557 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are
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diff changeset
1558 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control},
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diff changeset
1559 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}.
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diff changeset
1560 @end defun
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1561
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1562 @tindex set-display-table-slot
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diff changeset
1563 @defun set-display-table-slot display-table slot value
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1564 This function stores @var{value} in the extra slot @var{slot} of
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parents: 18234
diff changeset
1565 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to
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parents: 18234
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1566 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are
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diff changeset
1567 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control},
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diff changeset
1568 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}.
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diff changeset
1569 @end defun
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diff changeset
1570
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1571 @node Active Display Table
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parents:
diff changeset
1572 @subsection Active Display Table
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parents:
diff changeset
1573 @cindex active display table
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parents:
diff changeset
1574
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diff changeset
1575 Each window can specify a display table, and so can each buffer. When
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1576 a buffer @var{b} is displayed in window @var{w}, display uses the
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1577 display table for window @var{w} if it has one; otherwise, the display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1578 table for buffer @var{b} if it has one; otherwise, the standard display
db2685239be9 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1579 table if any. The display table chosen is called the @dfn{active}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1580 display table.
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1581
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diff changeset
1582 @defun window-display-table window
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1583 This function returns @var{window}'s display table, or @code{nil}
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1584 if @var{window} does not have an assigned display table.
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parents:
diff changeset
1585 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1586
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diff changeset
1587 @defun set-window-display-table window table
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parents:
diff changeset
1588 This function sets the display table of @var{window} to @var{table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1589 The argument @var{table} should be either a display table or
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1590 @code{nil}.
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diff changeset
1591 @end defun
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diff changeset
1592
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diff changeset
1593 @defvar buffer-display-table
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diff changeset
1594 This variable is automatically buffer-local in all buffers; its value in
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1595 a particular buffer specifies the display table for that buffer. If it
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parents: 21007
diff changeset
1596 is @code{nil}, that means the buffer does not have an assigned display
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diff changeset
1597 table.
6598
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diff changeset
1598 @end defvar
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diff changeset
1599
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diff changeset
1600 @defvar standard-display-table
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parents:
diff changeset
1601 This variable's value is the default display table, used whenever a
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parents:
diff changeset
1602 window has no display table and neither does the buffer displayed in
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parents:
diff changeset
1603 that window. This variable is @code{nil} by default.
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parents:
diff changeset
1604 @end defvar
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diff changeset
1605
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diff changeset
1606 If there is no display table to use for a particular window---that is,
21007
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diff changeset
1607 if the window specifies none, its buffer specifies none, and
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diff changeset
1608 @code{standard-display-table} is @code{nil}---then Emacs uses the usual
6598
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diff changeset
1609 display conventions for all character codes in that window. @xref{Usual
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parents:
diff changeset
1610 Display}.
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diff changeset
1611
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diff changeset
1612 @node Glyphs
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parents:
diff changeset
1613 @subsection Glyphs
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parents:
diff changeset
1614
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diff changeset
1615 @cindex glyph
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parents:
diff changeset
1616 A @dfn{glyph} is a generalization of a character; it stands for an
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1617 image that takes up a single character position on the screen. Glyphs
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1618 are represented in Lisp as integers, just as characters are.
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parents:
diff changeset
1619
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diff changeset
1620 @cindex glyph table
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parents:
diff changeset
1621 The meaning of each integer, as a glyph, is defined by the glyph
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1622 table, which is the value of the variable @code{glyph-table}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1623
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diff changeset
1624 @defvar glyph-table
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parents:
diff changeset
1625 The value of this variable is the current glyph table. It should be a
db2685239be9 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1626 vector; the @var{g}th element defines glyph code @var{g}. If the value
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1627 is @code{nil} instead of a vector, then all glyphs are simple (see
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1628 below).
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1629 @end defvar
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1630
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1631 Here are the possible types of elements in the glyph table:
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1632
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1633 @table @var
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1634 @item string
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1635 Send the characters in @var{string} to the terminal to output
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1636 this glyph. This alternative is available on character terminals,
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1637 but not under a window system.
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1638
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1639 @item integer
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1640 Define this glyph code as an alias for glyph code @var{integer}. You
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1641 can use an alias to specify a face code for the glyph; see below.
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1642
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1643 @item @code{nil}
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1644 This glyph is simple. On an ordinary terminal, the glyph code mod
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1645 524288 is the character to output. In a window system, the glyph code
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1646 mod 524288 is the character to output, and the glyph code divided by
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1647 524288 specifies the face number (@pxref{Face Functions}) to use while
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1648 outputting it. (524288 is
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1649 @ifinfo
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1650 2**19.)
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1651 @end ifinfo
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1652 @tex
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1653 $2^{19}$.)
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1654 @end tex
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1655 @xref{Faces}.
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1656 @end table
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1657
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1658 If a glyph code is greater than or equal to the length of the glyph
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1659 table, that code is automatically simple.
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1660
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1661 @node Beeping
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1662 @section Beeping
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1663 @cindex beeping
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1664 @cindex bell
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1665
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1666 This section describes how to make Emacs ring the bell (or blink the
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1667 screen) to attract the user's attention. Be conservative about how
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1668 often you do this; frequent bells can become irritating. Also be
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1669 careful not to use just beeping when signaling an error is more
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1670 appropriate. (@xref{Errors}.)
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1671
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1672 @defun ding &optional dont-terminate
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1673 @cindex keyboard macro termination
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1674 This function beeps, or flashes the screen (see @code{visible-bell} below).
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1675 It also terminates any keyboard macro currently executing unless
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1676 @var{dont-terminate} is non-@code{nil}.
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1677 @end defun
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1678
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1679 @defun beep &optional dont-terminate
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1680 This is a synonym for @code{ding}.
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1681 @end defun
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1682
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1683 @defvar visible-bell
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1684 This variable determines whether Emacs should flash the screen to
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1685 represent a bell. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. This
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1686 is effective on a window system, and on a character-only terminal
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1687 provided the terminal's Termcap entry defines the visible bell
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1688 capability (@samp{vb}).
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1689 @end defvar
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1690
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1691 @tindex ring-bell-function
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1692 @defvar ring-bell-function
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1693 If this is non-@code{nil}, it specifies how Emacs should ``ring the
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1694 bell.'' Its value should bea function of no arguments.
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1695 @end defvar
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1696
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1697 @node Window Systems
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1698 @section Window Systems
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1699
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1700 Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window
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1701 System. Both Emacs and X use the term ``window'', but use it
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1702 differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is
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1703 concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all.
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1704
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1705 @defvar window-system
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1706 @cindex X Window System
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1707 This variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is running
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1708 under. Its value should be a symbol such as @code{x} (if Emacs is
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1709 running under X) or @code{nil} (if Emacs is running on an ordinary
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1710 terminal).
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1711 @end defvar
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1712
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1713 @defvar window-setup-hook
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1714 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after handling the
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1715 initialization files. Emacs runs this hook after it has completed
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1716 loading your @file{.emacs} file, the default initialization file (if
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1717 any), and the terminal-specific Lisp code, and runring the hook
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1718 @code{term-setup-hook}.
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1719
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1720 This hook is used for internal purposes: setting up communication with
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1721 the window system, and creating the initial window. Users should not
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1722 interfere with it.
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1723 @end defvar