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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 16 May 1998 17:48:49 +0000 |
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6547 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6547 | 4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @setfilename ../info/frames | |
6 @node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top | |
7 @chapter Frames | |
8 @cindex frame | |
9 | |
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10 A @dfn{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more |
6547 | 11 Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus |
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12 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or |
6547 | 13 horizontally into smaller windows. |
14 | |
15 @cindex terminal frame | |
16 @cindex X window frame | |
12067 | 17 When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one |
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18 @dfn{terminal frame}. If you create additional ones, Emacs displays |
12067 | 19 one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course. |
20 | |
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21 When Emacs communicates directly with a supported window system, such |
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22 as X Windows, it does not have a terminal frame; instead, it starts with |
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23 a single @dfn{window frame}, but you can create more, and Emacs can |
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24 display several such frames at once as is usual for window systems. |
6547 | 25 |
26 @defun framep object | |
27 This predicate returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a frame, and | |
28 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
29 @end defun | |
30 | |
31 @menu | |
12067 | 32 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. |
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33 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays. |
6547 | 34 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. |
12067 | 35 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. |
6547 | 36 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. |
37 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
38 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
39 display of text always works through windows. | |
40 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
41 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
42 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
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43 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows; |
6547 | 44 lowering it makes the others hide them. |
45 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. | |
46 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
47 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
48 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
49 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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50 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
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51 * Window System Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients. |
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52 * Font Names:: Looking up font names. |
12098 | 53 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
6547 | 54 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
55 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server. | |
56 @end menu | |
57 | |
58 @xref{Display}, for related information. | |
59 | |
60 @node Creating Frames | |
61 @section Creating Frames | |
62 | |
63 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}. | |
64 | |
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65 @defun make-frame &optional alist |
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66 This function creates a new frame. If you are using a supported window |
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67 system, it makes a window frame; otherwise, it makes a terminal frame. |
6547 | 68 |
69 The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters. Any parameters | |
70 not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the | |
12098 | 71 variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified even there |
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72 default from the standard X resources or whatever is used instead on |
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73 your system. |
6547 | 74 |
75 The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of | |
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76 window system Emacs uses to display its frames. @xref{Window Frame |
12067 | 77 Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify. |
6547 | 78 @end defun |
79 | |
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80 @tindex before-make-frame-hook |
6547 | 81 @defvar before-make-frame-hook |
82 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the | |
83 frame. | |
84 @end defvar | |
85 | |
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86 @tindex after-make-frame-hook |
6547 | 87 @defvar after-make-frame-hook |
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88 An abnormal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame. |
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89 Each function in @code{after-make-frame-hook} receives one argument, the |
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90 frame just created. |
6547 | 91 @end defvar |
92 | |
12067 | 93 @node Multiple Displays |
94 @section Multiple Displays | |
95 @cindex multiple displays | |
96 @cindex multiple X terminals | |
97 @cindex displays, multiple | |
98 | |
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99 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Window display. |
12067 | 100 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one chosen with the |
101 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option | |
102 (@pxref{Initial Options,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). To connect to | |
103 another display, use the command @code{make-frame-on-display} or specify | |
104 the @code{display} frame parameter when you create the frame. | |
105 | |
106 Emacs treats each X server as a separate terminal, giving each one its | |
107 own selected frame and its own minibuffer windows. A few Lisp variables | |
108 have values local to the current terminal (that is, the terminal | |
109 corresponding to the currently selected frame): these are | |
110 @code{default-minibuffer-frame}, @code{defining-kbd-macro}, | |
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111 @code{last-kbd-macro}, and @code{system-key-alist}. These variables are |
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112 always terminal-local and can never be buffer-local or frame-local |
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113 (@pxref{Buffer-Local Variables}). |
12067 | 114 |
115 A single X server can handle more than one screen. A display name | |
116 @samp{@var{host}.@var{server}.@var{screen}} has three parts; the last | |
117 part specifies the screen number for a given server. When you use two | |
118 screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows by the similarity in their | |
119 names that they share a single keyboard, and it treats them as a single | |
120 terminal. | |
121 | |
122 @deffn Command make-frame-on-display display &optional parameters | |
123 This creates a new frame on display @var{display}, taking the other | |
124 frame parameters from @var{parameters}. Aside from the @var{display} | |
125 argument, it is like @code{make-frame} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). | |
126 @end deffn | |
127 | |
128 @defun x-display-list | |
129 This returns a list that indicates which X displays Emacs has a | |
12098 | 130 connection to. The elements of the list are strings, and each one is |
131 a display name. | |
12067 | 132 @end defun |
133 | |
134 @defun x-open-connection display &optional xrm-string | |
135 This function opens a connection to the X display @var{display}. It | |
136 does not create a frame on that display, but it permits you to check | |
137 that communication can be established with that display. | |
138 | |
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139 The optional argument @var{xrm-string}, if not @code{nil}, is a |
12098 | 140 string of resource names and values, in the same format used in the |
141 @file{.Xresources} file. The values you specify override the resource | |
142 values recorded in the X server itself; they apply to all Emacs frames | |
143 created on this display. Here's an example of what this string might | |
144 look like: | |
145 | |
146 @example | |
147 "*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n" | |
148 @end example | |
149 | |
150 @xref{Resources}. | |
12067 | 151 @end defun |
152 | |
153 @defun x-close-connection display | |
154 This function closes the connection to display @var{display}. Before | |
155 you can do this, you must first delete all the frames that were open on | |
156 that display (@pxref{Deleting Frames}). | |
157 @end defun | |
158 | |
6547 | 159 @node Frame Parameters |
160 @section Frame Parameters | |
161 | |
162 A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior. | |
163 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
164 uses. | |
165 | |
166 Frame parameters exist for the sake of window systems. A terminal frame | |
12098 | 167 has a few parameters, mostly for compatibility's sake; only the height, |
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168 width, @code{name}, @code{title}, @code{buffer-list} and |
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169 @code{buffer-predicate} parameters do something special. |
6547 | 170 |
171 @menu | |
172 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. | |
173 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. | |
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174 * Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems. |
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175 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
6547 | 176 @end menu |
177 | |
178 @node Parameter Access | |
179 @subsection Access to Frame Parameters | |
180 | |
181 These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a | |
182 frame. | |
183 | |
184 @defun frame-parameters frame | |
185 The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the | |
186 parameters of @var{frame} and their values. | |
187 @end defun | |
188 | |
189 @defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist | |
190 This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the | |
191 elements of @var{alist}. Each element of @var{alist} has the form | |
192 @code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a | |
193 parameter. If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value | |
194 doesn't change. | |
195 @end defun | |
196 | |
197 @node Initial Parameters | |
198 @subsection Initial Frame Parameters | |
199 | |
200 You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame | |
201 by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your @file{.emacs} file. | |
202 | |
203 @defvar initial-frame-alist | |
204 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
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205 the initial window frame. You can set this variable to specify the |
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206 appearance of the initial frame without altering subsequent frames. |
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207 Each element has the form: |
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208 |
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209 @example |
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210 (@var{parameter} . @var{value}) |
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211 @end example |
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212 |
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213 Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your @file{~/.emacs} |
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214 file. After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist}, |
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215 and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already |
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216 created initial frame. |
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217 |
12098 | 218 If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see |
219 the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified | |
220 ones. If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and | |
221 appearance with X resources; those do take affect before the frame is | |
222 created. @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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223 |
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224 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to |
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225 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and |
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226 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve |
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227 this. Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the |
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228 X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting |
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229 the initial frame, specify the same parameters in |
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230 @code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources. |
6547 | 231 @end defvar |
232 | |
12098 | 233 If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame with |
234 @code{(minibuffer . nil)}, and you have not created one, Emacs creates | |
235 one for you. | |
6547 | 236 |
237 @defvar minibuffer-frame-alist | |
238 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
239 an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according | |
240 to the parameters for the main initial frame. | |
241 @end defvar | |
242 | |
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243 @defvar default-frame-alist |
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244 This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for all |
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245 Emacs frames---the first frame, and subsequent frames. When using the X |
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246 Window System, you can get the same results by means of X resources |
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247 in many cases. |
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248 @end defvar |
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249 |
12098 | 250 See also @code{special-display-frame-alist}, in @ref{Choosing Window}. |
251 | |
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252 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs, |
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253 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}. One |
12098 | 254 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to |
255 @code{initial-frame-alist} instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, emacs, | |
256 The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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257 |
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258 @node Window Frame Parameters |
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259 @subsection Window Frame Parameters |
6547 | 260 |
261 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
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262 uses. Here is a table of the parameters that have special meanings in a |
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263 window frame; of these, @code{name}, @code{title}, @code{height}, |
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264 @code{width}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate} provide |
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265 meaningful information in terminal frames. |
6547 | 266 |
267 @table @code | |
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268 @item title |
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269 If a frame has a non-@code{nil} title, it appears in the window system's |
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270 border for the frame, and also in the mode line of windows in that frame |
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271 if @code{mode-line-frame-identification} uses @samp{%F} |
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272 (@pxref{%-Constructs}). This is normally the case when Emacs is not |
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273 using a window system, and can only display one frame at a time. |
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274 @xref{Frame Titles}. |
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275 |
6547 | 276 @item name |
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277 The name of the frame. The frame name serves as a default for the frame |
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278 title, if the @code{title} parameter is unspecified or @code{nil}. If |
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279 you don't specify a name, Emacs sets the frame name automatically |
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280 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). |
6547 | 281 |
282 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the | |
283 name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when | |
284 looking up X resources for the frame. | |
285 | |
12067 | 286 @item display |
287 The display on which to open this frame. It should be a string of the | |
288 form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the | |
289 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable. | |
290 | |
6547 | 291 @item left |
12067 | 292 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
293 left edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
294 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
295 negative @var{pos} value. | |
296 | |
297 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
298 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the | |
12098 | 299 window with respect to the right edge of the screen. A positive value |
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300 of @var{pos} counts toward the left. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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301 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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302 positive. |
6547 | 303 |
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304 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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305 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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306 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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307 |
6547 | 308 @item top |
12067 | 309 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
310 top edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
311 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
312 negative @var{pos} value. | |
313 | |
314 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
315 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the bottom edge of the | |
12098 | 316 window with respect to the bottom edge of the screen. A positive value |
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317 of @var{pos} counts toward the top. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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318 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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319 positive. |
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320 |
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321 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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322 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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323 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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324 |
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325 @item icon-left |
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326 The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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327 pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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328 and when the frame is iconified. |
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329 |
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330 @item icon-top |
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331 The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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332 pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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333 and when the frame is iconified. |
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334 |
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335 @item user-position |
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336 When you create a frame and specify its screen position with the |
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337 @code{left} and @code{top} parameters, use this parameter to say whether |
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338 the specified position was user-specified (explicitly requested in some |
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339 way by a human user) or merely program-specified (chosen by a program). |
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340 A non-@code{nil} value says the position was user-specified. |
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341 |
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342 Window managers generally heed user-specified positions, and some heed |
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343 program-specified positions too. But many ignore program-specified |
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344 positions, placing the window in a default fashion or letting the user |
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345 place it with the mouse. Some window managers, including @code{twm}, |
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346 let the user specify whether to obey program-specified positions or |
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347 ignore them. |
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348 |
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349 When you call @code{make-frame}, you should specify a non-@code{nil} |
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350 value for this parameter if the values of the @code{left} and @code{top} |
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351 parameters represent the user's stated preference; otherwise, use |
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352 @code{nil}. |
6547 | 353 |
354 @item height | |
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355 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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356 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 357 |
358 @item width | |
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359 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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360 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 361 |
362 @item window-id | |
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363 The number of the window-system window used by the frame. |
6547 | 364 |
365 @item minibuffer | |
366 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means | |
367 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a | |
12098 | 368 minibuffer. If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame), |
369 the new frame uses that minibuffer. | |
6547 | 370 |
12067 | 371 @item buffer-predicate |
372 The buffer-predicate function for this frame. The function | |
373 @code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to | |
374 decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not | |
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375 @code{nil}. It calls the predicate with one argument, a buffer, once for |
12067 | 376 each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it |
377 considers that buffer. | |
378 | |
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379 @item buffer-list |
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380 A list of buffers that have been selected in this frame, |
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381 ordered most-recently-selected first. |
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382 |
6547 | 383 @item font |
384 The name of the font for displaying text in the frame. This is a | |
385 string. | |
386 | |
387 @item auto-raise | |
388 Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
389 | |
390 @item auto-lower | |
391 Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
392 | |
393 @item vertical-scroll-bars | |
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394 Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling, and which side |
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395 of the frame they should be on. The possible values are @code{left}, |
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396 @code{right}, and @code{nil} for no scroll bars. |
6547 | 397 |
398 @item horizontal-scroll-bars | |
399 Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling | |
400 (non-@code{nil} means yes). (Horizontal scroll bars are not currently | |
401 implemented.) | |
402 | |
12067 | 403 @item scroll-bar-width |
404 The width of the vertical scroll bar, in pixels. | |
405 | |
6547 | 406 @item icon-type |
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407 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. If the |
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408 value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use. |
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409 Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a |
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410 picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon. |
6547 | 411 |
12098 | 412 @item icon-name |
413 The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon | |
414 appears. If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used. | |
415 | |
6547 | 416 @item foreground-color |
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417 The color to use for the image of a character. This is a string; the |
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418 window system defines the meaningful color names. |
6547 | 419 |
420 @item background-color | |
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421 The color to use for the background of characters. |
6547 | 422 |
423 @item mouse-color | |
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424 The color for the mouse pointer. |
6547 | 425 |
426 @item cursor-color | |
427 The color for the cursor that shows point. | |
428 | |
429 @item border-color | |
430 The color for the border of the frame. | |
431 | |
432 @item cursor-type | |
12067 | 433 The way to display the cursor. The legitimate values are @code{bar}, |
434 @code{box}, and @code{(bar . @var{width})}. The symbol @code{box} | |
435 specifies an ordinary black box overlaying the character after point; | |
436 that is the default. The symbol @code{bar} specifies a vertical bar | |
437 between characters as the cursor. @code{(bar . @var{width})} specifies | |
438 a bar @var{width} pixels wide. | |
6547 | 439 |
440 @item border-width | |
441 The width in pixels of the window border. | |
442 | |
443 @item internal-border-width | |
444 The distance in pixels between text and border. | |
445 | |
446 @item unsplittable | |
447 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically. | |
448 | |
449 @item visibility | |
450 The state of visibility of the frame. There are three possibilities: | |
451 @code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for | |
452 iconified. @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
453 | |
454 @item menu-bar-lines | |
455 The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu bar. | |
9453 | 456 The default is 1. @xref{Menu Bar}. (In Emacs versions that use the X |
457 toolkit, there is only one menu bar line; all that matters about the | |
458 number you specify is whether it is greater than zero.) | |
6547 | 459 |
460 @item parent-id | |
461 @c ??? Not yet working. | |
462 The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one. | |
463 Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other | |
464 application's window. (It is not certain this will be implemented; try | |
465 it and see if it works.) | |
466 @end table | |
467 | |
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468 @node Size and Position |
6547 | 469 @subsection Frame Size And Position |
470 | |
471 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the | |
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472 frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and |
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473 @code{width}. Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen |
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474 by the window manager in its usual fashion. |
6547 | 475 |
476 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions: | |
477 | |
478 @defun set-frame-position frame left top | |
12098 | 479 This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to |
480 @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured in pixels, and | |
481 count from the top left corner of the screen. Negative parameter values | |
482 count up or rightward from the top left corner of the screen. | |
6547 | 483 @end defun |
484 | |
485 @defun frame-height &optional frame | |
486 @defunx frame-width &optional frame | |
487 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
488 characters. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected | |
489 frame. | |
490 @end defun | |
491 | |
492 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame | |
493 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame | |
494 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
495 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame. | |
496 @end defun | |
497 | |
498 @defun frame-char-height &optional frame | |
499 @defunx frame-char-width &optional frame | |
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500 These functions return the height and width of a character in |
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501 @var{frame}, measured in pixels. The values depend on the choice of |
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502 font. If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected |
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503 frame. |
6547 | 504 @end defun |
505 | |
506 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows | |
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507 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters; |
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508 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. |
6547 | 509 |
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510 To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use |
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511 @code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert |
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512 them to units of characters. |
6547 | 513 @end defun |
514 | |
515 The old-fashioned functions @code{set-screen-height} and | |
516 @code{set-screen-width}, which were used to specify the height and width | |
517 of the screen in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames, | |
518 are still usable. They apply to the selected frame. @xref{Screen | |
519 Size}. | |
520 | |
521 @defun x-parse-geometry geom | |
522 @cindex geometry specification | |
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523 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X Windows |
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524 geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to |
6547 | 525 @code{make-frame}. |
526 | |
527 The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and | |
528 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like | |
529 @code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{parameter} | |
530 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}. | |
531 | |
12067 | 532 For the size parameters, the value must be an integer. The position |
533 parameter names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate, | |
534 because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges | |
535 instead. These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position | |
536 parameters: | |
537 | |
538 @table @asis | |
539 @item an integer | |
540 A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to | |
541 the left or top edge of the screen. A negative integer relates the | |
542 right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the | |
543 screen. | |
544 | |
12098 | 545 @item @code{(+ @var{position})} |
12067 | 546 This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window |
547 relative to the left or top edge of the screen. The integer | |
548 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
549 position outside the screen. | |
550 | |
12098 | 551 @item @code{(- @var{position})} |
12067 | 552 This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window |
553 relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen. The integer | |
554 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
555 position outside the screen. | |
556 @end table | |
557 | |
558 Here is an example: | |
559 | |
12098 | 560 @example |
6547 | 561 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0") |
12098 | 562 @result{} ((width . 35) (height . 70) |
563 (left . 0) (top - 0)) | |
564 @end example | |
6547 | 565 @end defun |
566 | |
567 @ignore | |
568 New functions @code{set-frame-height} and @code{set-frame-width} set the | |
569 size of a specified frame. The frame is the first argument; the size is | |
570 the second. | |
571 @end ignore | |
572 | |
12067 | 573 @node Frame Titles |
574 @section Frame Titles | |
575 | |
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576 Every frame has a @code{name} parameter; this serves as the default |
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577 for the frame title which window systems typically display at the top of |
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578 the frame. You can specify a name explicitly by setting the @code{name} |
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579 frame property. |
12067 | 580 |
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581 Normally you don't specify the name explicitly, and Emacs computes the |
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582 frame name automatically based on a template stored in the variable |
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583 @code{frame-title-format}. Emacs recomputes the name each time the |
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584 frame is redisplayed. |
12067 | 585 |
586 @defvar frame-title-format | |
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587 This variable specifies how to compute a name for a frame when you have |
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588 not explicitly specified one. The variable's value is actually a mode |
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589 line construct, just like @code{mode-line-format}. @xref{Mode Line |
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590 Data}. |
12067 | 591 @end defvar |
592 | |
593 @defvar icon-title-format | |
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594 This variable specifies how to compute the name for an iconified frame, |
12067 | 595 when you have not explicitly specified the frame title. This title |
596 appears in the icon itself. | |
597 @end defvar | |
598 | |
599 @defvar multiple-frames | |
600 This variable is set automatically by Emacs. Its value is @code{t} when | |
601 there are two or more frames (not counting minibuffer-only frames or | |
602 invisible frames). The default value of @code{frame-title-format} uses | |
603 @code{multiple-frames} so as to put the buffer name in the frame title | |
604 only when there is more than one frame. | |
605 @end defvar | |
606 | |
6547 | 607 @node Deleting Frames |
608 @section Deleting Frames | |
609 @cindex deletion of frames | |
610 | |
611 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete} | |
612 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to | |
613 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it. There is no | |
614 way to cancel the deletion of a frame aside from restoring a saved frame | |
615 configuration (@pxref{Frame Configurations}); this is similar to the | |
616 way windows behave. | |
617 | |
618 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame | |
619 This function deletes the frame @var{frame}. By default, @var{frame} is | |
620 the selected frame. | |
621 @end deffn | |
622 | |
623 @defun frame-live-p frame | |
624 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame | |
625 @var{frame} has not been deleted. | |
626 @end defun | |
627 | |
12067 | 628 Some window managers provide a command to delete a window. These work |
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629 by sending a special message to the program that operates the window. |
12067 | 630 When Emacs gets one of these commands, it generates a |
631 @code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that | |
632 calls the function @code{delete-frame}. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
633 | |
6547 | 634 @node Finding All Frames |
635 @section Finding All Frames | |
636 | |
637 @defun frame-list | |
638 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that | |
639 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for | |
640 buffers. The list that you get is newly created, so modifying the list | |
641 doesn't have any effect on the internals of Emacs. | |
642 @end defun | |
643 | |
644 @defun visible-frame-list | |
645 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames. | |
12067 | 646 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. (Terminal frames always count as |
647 ``visible'', even though only the selected one is actually displayed.) | |
6547 | 648 @end defun |
649 | |
650 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
651 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all | |
652 the frames from an arbitrary starting point. It returns the ``next'' | |
653 frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If @var{frame} is omitted or | |
654 @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame. | |
655 | |
656 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider: | |
657 | |
658 @table @asis | |
659 @item @code{nil} | |
660 Exclude minibuffer-only frames. | |
661 @item @code{visible} | |
662 Consider all visible frames. | |
12098 | 663 @item 0 |
664 Consider all visible or iconified frames. | |
6547 | 665 @item a window |
666 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their | |
667 minibuffer. | |
668 @item anything else | |
669 Consider all frames. | |
670 @end table | |
671 @end defun | |
672 | |
673 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
674 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite | |
675 direction. | |
676 @end defun | |
677 | |
12098 | 678 See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic |
679 Window Ordering}. | |
680 | |
6547 | 681 @node Frames and Windows |
682 @section Frames and Windows | |
683 | |
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684 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame |
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685 with @code{window-frame}. |
6547 | 686 |
687 @defun window-frame window | |
688 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
689 @end defun | |
690 | |
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691 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic |
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692 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the |
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693 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at |
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694 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has |
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695 one), and then it moves back to the top. @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. |
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696 |
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697 @defun frame-top-window frame |
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698 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}. |
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699 @end defun |
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700 |
6547 | 701 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the |
702 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the | |
703 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current | |
704 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}. | |
705 | |
706 @defun frame-selected-window frame | |
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707 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected within |
6547 | 708 @var{frame}. |
709 @end defun | |
710 | |
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711 Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also |
6547 | 712 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}. |
713 | |
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714 Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a given |
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715 frame is @code{minibuffer-window}. @xref{Minibuffer Misc}. |
12098 | 716 |
6547 | 717 @node Minibuffers and Frames |
718 @section Minibuffers and Frames | |
719 | |
720 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which | |
721 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, | |
722 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}). | |
723 | |
724 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame | |
725 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the | |
12098 | 726 frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some |
727 other frame). If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame | |
728 which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its | |
729 value should be a frame that does have a minibuffer. | |
6547 | 730 |
731 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise | |
732 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable | |
733 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}. | |
734 | |
12067 | 735 @defvar default-minibuffer-frame |
736 This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by | |
12098 | 737 default. It is always local to the current terminal and cannot be |
12067 | 738 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
739 @end defvar | |
740 | |
6547 | 741 @node Input Focus |
742 @section Input Focus | |
743 @cindex input focus | |
744 @cindex selected frame | |
745 | |
746 At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected | |
747 window always resides on the selected frame. | |
748 | |
749 @defun selected-frame | |
750 This function returns the selected frame. | |
751 @end defun | |
752 | |
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753 Some window systems and window managers direct keyboard input to the |
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754 window object that the mouse is in; others require explicit clicks or |
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755 commands to @dfn{shift the focus} to various window objects. Either |
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756 way, Emacs automatically keeps track of which frame has the focus. |
6547 | 757 |
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758 Lisp programs can also switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling the |
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759 function @code{select-frame}. This does not alter the window system's |
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760 concept of focus; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control |
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761 until that control is somehow reasserted. |
6547 | 762 |
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763 When using a text-only terminal, only the selected terminal frame is |
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764 actually displayed on the terminal. @code{switch-frame} is the only way |
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765 to switch frames, and the change lasts until overridden by a subsequent |
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766 call to @code{switch-frame}. Each terminal screen except for the |
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767 initial one has a number, and the number of the selected frame appears |
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768 in the mode line after the word @samp{Emacs} (@pxref{Mode Line |
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769 Variables}). |
12067 | 770 |
6547 | 771 @c ??? This is not yet implemented properly. |
772 @defun select-frame frame | |
773 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the | |
12067 | 774 focus of the X server if any. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until |
775 the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or | |
776 until the next time this function is called. | |
6547 | 777 @end defun |
778 | |
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779 Emacs cooperates with the window system by arranging to select frames as |
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780 the server and window manager request. It does so by generating a |
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781 special kind of input event, called a @dfn{focus} event, when |
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782 appropriate. The command loop handles a focus event by calling |
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783 @code{handle-switch-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}. |
6547 | 784 |
785 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame | |
786 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}. | |
787 | |
788 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command. | |
789 Don't call it for any other reason. | |
790 @end deffn | |
791 | |
792 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame focus-frame | |
793 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}. | |
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794 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes and |
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795 events intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of |
6547 | 796 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame |
797 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}. | |
798 | |
799 If @var{focus-frame} is @code{nil}, that cancels any existing | |
800 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own | |
801 events. | |
802 | |
803 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers. | |
804 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer | |
805 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on | |
806 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains | |
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807 in the frame that activated the minibuffer. |
6547 | 808 |
809 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame | |
810 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections | |
811 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This | |
812 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from | |
813 one frame to another using @code{select-window}. | |
814 | |
815 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated | |
816 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected. | |
817 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter. | |
818 | |
819 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to | |
820 change it. | |
821 @end defun | |
822 | |
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823 @tindex focus-follows-mouse |
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824 @defopt focus-follows-mouse |
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825 This option is how you inform Emacs whether the window manager transfers |
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826 focus when the user moves the mouse. Non-@code{nil} says that it does. |
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827 When this is so, the command @code{other-frame} moves the mouse to a |
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828 position consistent with the new selected frame. |
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829 @end defopt |
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830 |
6547 | 831 @node Visibility of Frames |
832 @section Visibility of Frames | |
833 @cindex visible frame | |
834 @cindex invisible frame | |
835 @cindex iconified frame | |
836 @cindex frame visibility | |
837 | |
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838 A window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or |
12067 | 839 @dfn{iconified}. If it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is |
840 iconified, the frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon | |
841 does. If the frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not | |
842 even as an icon. | |
843 | |
844 Visibility is meaningless for terminal frames, since only the selected | |
845 one is actually displayed in any case. | |
6547 | 846 |
847 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame | |
848 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame}, | |
849 it makes the selected frame visible. | |
850 @end deffn | |
851 | |
852 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame | |
853 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible. If you omit | |
854 @var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible. | |
855 @end deffn | |
856 | |
857 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame | |
858 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}. If you omit @var{frame}, it | |
859 iconifies the selected frame. | |
860 @end deffn | |
861 | |
862 @defun frame-visible-p frame | |
863 This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}. The value is | |
864 @code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and | |
865 @code{icon} if it is iconified. | |
866 @end defun | |
867 | |
868 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame | |
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869 parameter. You can read or change it as such. @xref{Window Frame |
6547 | 870 Parameters}. |
871 | |
12067 | 872 The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager. |
873 This happens below the level at which Emacs can exert any control, but | |
874 Emacs does provide events that you can use to keep track of such | |
875 changes. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
876 | |
6547 | 877 @node Raising and Lowering |
878 @section Raising and Lowering Frames | |
879 | |
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880 Most window systems use a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is |
6547 | 881 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension |
882 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest'' | |
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883 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers |
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884 the one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be |
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885 seen if no other window overlaps it. |
6547 | 886 |
887 @cindex raising a frame | |
888 @cindex lowering a frame | |
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889 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend |
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890 to change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving |
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891 it ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means |
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892 moving it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional |
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893 third dimension only, and does not change the position of the window |
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894 on the screen. |
6547 | 895 |
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896 You can raise and lower Emacs frame Windows with these functions: |
6547 | 897 |
12067 | 898 @deffn Command raise-frame frame |
6547 | 899 This function raises frame @var{frame}. |
12067 | 900 @end deffn |
6547 | 901 |
12067 | 902 @deffn Command lower-frame frame |
6547 | 903 This function lowers frame @var{frame}. |
12067 | 904 @end deffn |
6547 | 905 |
906 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise | |
907 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame | |
908 that the minibuffer window is in. | |
909 @end defopt | |
910 | |
911 You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is | |
912 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected) | |
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913 for any frame using frame parameters. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
6547 | 914 |
915 @node Frame Configurations | |
916 @section Frame Configurations | |
917 @cindex frame configuration | |
918 | |
919 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames, | |
920 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one. | |
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921 (@xref{Window Configurations}.) |
6547 | 922 |
923 @defun current-frame-configuration | |
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924 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes |
6547 | 925 the current arrangement of frames and their contents. |
926 @end defun | |
927 | |
928 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration | |
929 This function restores the state of frames described in | |
930 @var{configuration}. | |
931 @end defun | |
932 | |
933 @node Mouse Tracking | |
934 @section Mouse Tracking | |
935 @cindex mouse tracking | |
936 @cindex tracking the mouse | |
937 | |
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938 Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display |
6547 | 939 something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the |
940 mouse moves. For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until | |
941 the mouse actually moves. | |
942 | |
943 The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent | |
944 mouse motion. Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event. In | |
945 addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may | |
946 occur. That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the | |
947 mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a | |
948 button. | |
949 | |
950 @defspec track-mouse body@dots{} | |
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951 This special form executes @var{body}, with generation of mouse motion |
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952 events enabled. Typically @var{body} would use @code{read-event} to |
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953 read the motion events and modify the display accordingly. @xref{Motion |
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954 Events}, for the format of mouse motion events. |
6547 | 955 |
956 The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}. | |
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957 You should design @var{body} to return when it sees the up-event that |
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958 indicates the release of the button, or whatever kind of event means |
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959 it is time to stop tracking. |
6547 | 960 @end defspec |
961 | |
962 The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen | |
963 the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current | |
964 position. | |
965 | |
12098 | 966 In many cases, you can avoid the need to track the mouse by using |
967 the @code{mouse-face} text property (@pxref{Special Properties}). | |
968 That works at a much lower level and runs more smoothly than | |
969 Lisp-level mouse tracking. | |
970 | |
6547 | 971 @ignore |
972 @c These are not implemented yet. | |
973 | |
974 These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously. The | |
975 effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay. That | |
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976 is OK for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking |
6547 | 977 to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads |
978 the events itself and does not do redisplay. | |
979 | |
980 @defun x-contour-region window beg end | |
981 This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg} | |
982 to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. | |
983 @end defun | |
984 | |
985 @defun x-uncontour-region window beg end | |
986 This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text | |
987 from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. Use it to remove | |
988 a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}. | |
989 @end defun | |
990 | |
991 @defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
992 This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
993 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
994 left corner. It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the | |
995 location of point. | |
996 @end defun | |
997 | |
998 @defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
999 This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
1000 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
1001 left corner. Erasure means redrawing the text and background that | |
1002 normally belong in the specified rectangle. | |
1003 @end defun | |
1004 @end ignore | |
1005 | |
1006 @node Mouse Position | |
1007 @section Mouse Position | |
1008 @cindex mouse position | |
1009 @cindex position of mouse | |
1010 | |
1011 The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position} | |
1012 give access to the current position of the mouse. | |
1013 | |
1014 @defun mouse-position | |
1015 This function returns a description of the position of the mouse. The | |
1016 value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x} | |
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1017 and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to |
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1018 the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}. |
6547 | 1019 @end defun |
1020 | |
1021 @defun set-mouse-position frame x y | |
1022 This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in | |
1023 frame @var{frame}. The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers, | |
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1024 giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the |
6547 | 1025 inside of @var{frame}. |
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1026 @end defun |
6547 | 1027 |
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1028 @defun mouse-pixel-position |
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1029 This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns |
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1030 coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters. |
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1031 @end defun |
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1032 |
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1033 @defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y |
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1034 This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that |
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1035 @var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of |
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1036 characters. These coordinates are not required to be within the frame. |
6547 | 1037 @end defun |
1038 | |
1039 @need 3000 | |
1040 | |
1041 @node Pop-Up Menus | |
1042 @section Pop-Up Menus | |
1043 | |
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1044 When using a window system, a Lisp program can pop up a menu so that |
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1045 the user can choose an alternative with the mouse. |
12067 | 1046 |
6547 | 1047 @defun x-popup-menu position menu |
1048 This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of | |
1049 what selection the user makes. | |
1050 | |
1051 The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the | |
1052 menu. It can be either a mouse button event (which says to put the menu | |
1053 where the user actuated the button) or a list of this form: | |
1054 | |
1055 @example | |
1056 ((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window}) | |
1057 @end example | |
1058 | |
1059 @noindent | |
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1060 where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in |
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1061 pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}'s frame. |
6547 | 1062 |
1063 If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse | |
1064 position. If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the | |
1065 key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu}, | |
1066 without actually displaying or popping up the menu. | |
1067 | |
1068 The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu. It can be a | |
1069 keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). Alternatively, it | |
1070 can have the following form: | |
1071 | |
1072 @example | |
1073 (@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...) | |
1074 @end example | |
1075 | |
1076 @noindent | |
1077 where each pane is a list of form | |
1078 | |
1079 @example | |
12098 | 1080 (@var{title} (@var{line} . @var{item})...) |
6547 | 1081 @end example |
1082 | |
1083 Each @var{line} should be a string, and each @var{item} should be the | |
1084 value to return if that @var{line} is chosen. | |
1085 @end defun | |
1086 | |
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1087 @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu |
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1088 if you could do the job with a prefix key defined with a menu keymap. |
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1089 If you use a menu keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h |
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1090 a} can see the individual items in that menu and provide help for them. |
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1091 If instead you implement the menu by defining a command that calls |
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1092 @code{x-popup-menu}, the help facilities cannot know what happens inside |
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1093 that command, so they cannot give any help for the menu's items. |
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1094 |
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1095 The menu bar mechanism, which lets you switch between submenus by |
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1096 moving the mouse, cannot look within the definition of a command to see |
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1097 that it calls @code{x-popup-menu}. Therefore, if you try to implement a |
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1098 submenu using @code{x-popup-menu}, it cannot work with the menu bar in |
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1099 an integrated fashion. This is why all menu bar submenus are |
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1100 implemented with menu keymaps within the parent menu, and never with |
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1101 @code{x-popup-menu}. @xref{Menu Bar}, |
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1102 |
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1103 If you want a menu bar submenu to have contents that vary, you should |
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1104 still use a menu keymap to implement it. To make the contents vary, add |
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1105 a hook function to @code{menu-bar-update-hook} to update the contents of |
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1106 the menu keymap as necessary. |
6547 | 1107 |
1108 @node Dialog Boxes | |
1109 @section Dialog Boxes | |
1110 @cindex dialog boxes | |
1111 | |
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1112 A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu---it looks a little |
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1113 different, it always appears in the center of a frame, and it has just |
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1114 one level and one pane. The main use of dialog boxes is for asking |
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1115 questions that the user can answer with ``yes'', ``no'', and a few other |
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1116 alternatives. The functions @code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use |
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1117 dialog boxes instead of the keyboard, when called from commands invoked |
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1118 by mouse clicks. |
6547 | 1119 |
1120 @defun x-popup-dialog position contents | |
1121 This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of | |
1122 what selection the user makes. The argument @var{contents} specifies | |
1123 the alternatives to offer; it has this format: | |
1124 | |
1125 @example | |
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1126 (@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{}) |
6547 | 1127 @end example |
1128 | |
1129 @noindent | |
1130 which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for | |
1131 @code{x-popup-menu}. | |
1132 | |
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1133 The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative. |
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1134 |
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1135 An element of the list may be just a string instead of a cons cell |
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1136 @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}. That makes a box that cannot |
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1137 be selected. |
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1138 |
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1139 If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from |
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1140 the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the |
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1141 left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right. If you |
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1142 don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the |
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1143 items appear on each side. |
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1144 |
6547 | 1145 Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument |
1146 @var{position} specifies which frame. The possible values are as in | |
1147 @code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates don't matter; only the | |
1148 frame matters. | |
7174
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1149 |
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1150 In some configurations, Emacs cannot display a real dialog box; so |
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1151 instead it displays the same items in a pop-up menu in the center of the |
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1152 frame. |
6547 | 1153 @end defun |
1154 | |
7684
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1155 @node Pointer Shapes |
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1156 @section Pointer Shapes |
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1157 @cindex pointer shape |
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1158 @cindex mouse pointer shape |
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1159 |
12067 | 1160 These variables specify which shape to use for the mouse pointer in |
21682
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1161 various situations, when using the X Window System: |
7684
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1162 |
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1163 @table @code |
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1164 @item x-pointer-shape |
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1165 @vindex x-pointer-shape |
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1166 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the Emacs |
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1167 frame. |
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1168 |
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1169 @item x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1170 @vindex x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1171 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse |
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1172 is over mouse-sensitive text. |
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1173 @end table |
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1174 |
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1175 These variables affect newly created frames. They do not normally |
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1176 affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a frame, |
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1177 that also updates its pointer shapes based on the current values of |
21682
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1178 these variables. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
7684
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1179 |
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1180 The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are |
15061 | 1181 defined in the file @file{lisp/term/x-win.el}. Use @kbd{M-x apropos |
7684
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1182 @key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them. |
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1183 |
21682
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1184 @node Window System Selections |
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1185 @section Window System Selections |
6547 | 1186 @cindex selection (for X windows) |
1187 | |
1188 The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of | |
1189 data between application programs. The various selections are | |
1190 distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by | |
1191 symbols. X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for | |
1192 any given type. | |
1193 | |
1194 @defun x-set-selection type data | |
1195 This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server. It takes two | |
1196 arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it, | |
1197 @var{data}. If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the | |
1198 selection. Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer | |
1199 (or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a | |
1200 cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer. An overlay or a pair | |
1201 of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers. | |
1202 | |
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1203 The argument @var{data} may also be a vector of valid non-vector |
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1204 selection values. |
6547 | 1205 |
1206 Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes | |
1207 independently. The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY} and | |
1208 @code{SECONDARY}; these are symbols with upper-case names, in accord | |
1209 with X Window System conventions. The default is @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1210 @end defun | |
1211 | |
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1212 @defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type |
6547 | 1213 This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X |
1214 clients. It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and | |
1215 @var{data-type}. The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is | |
1216 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1217 | |
1218 The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to | |
1219 use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp | |
1220 data. Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING}, | |
1221 @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE}, @code{FILE_NAME}, | |
1222 @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, | |
1223 @code{OWNER_OS}, @code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, | |
1224 @code{NAME}, @code{ATOM}, and @code{INTEGER}. (These are symbols with | |
1225 upper-case names in accord with X conventions.) The default for | |
1226 @var{data-type} is @code{STRING}. | |
1227 @end defun | |
1228 | |
1229 @cindex cut buffer | |
1230 The X server also has a set of numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can | |
1231 store text or other data being moved between applications. Cut buffers | |
1232 are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X | |
1233 clients that still use them. | |
1234 | |
1235 @defun x-get-cut-buffer n | |
1236 This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}. | |
1237 @end defun | |
1238 | |
1239 @defun x-set-cut-buffer string | |
1240 This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer | |
1241 0), moving the other values down through the series of cut buffers, much | |
1242 like the way successive kills in Emacs move down the kill ring. | |
1243 @end defun | |
1244 | |
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1245 @node Font Names |
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1246 @section Looking up Font Names |
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1247 |
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1248 @defun x-list-font pattern &optional face frame maximum |
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1249 This function returns a list of available font names that match |
21682
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1250 @var{pattern}. If the optional arguments @var{face} and @var{frame} are |
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1251 specified, then the list is limited to fonts that are the same size as |
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1252 @var{face} currently is on @var{frame}. |
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1253 |
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1254 The argument @var{pattern} should be a string, perhaps with wildcard |
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1255 characters: the @samp{*} character matches any substring, and the |
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1256 @samp{?} character matches any single character. Pattern matching |
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1257 of font names ignores case. |
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1258 |
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1259 If you specify @var{face} and @var{frame}, @var{face} should be a face name |
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1260 (a symbol) and @var{frame} should be a frame. |
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1261 |
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1262 The optional argument @var{maximum} sets a limit on how many fonts to |
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1263 return. If this is non-@code{nil}, then the return value is truncated |
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1264 after the first @var{maximum} matching fonts. Specifying a small value |
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1265 for @var{maximum} can make this function much faster, in cases where |
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1266 many fonts match the pattern. |
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1267 @end defun |
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1268 |
12098 | 1269 @node Color Names |
1270 @section Color Names | |
6547 | 1271 |
12676
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1272 @defun x-color-defined-p color &optional frame |
8712 | 1273 This function reports whether a color name is meaningful. It returns |
12676
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1274 @code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}. The argument @var{frame} says |
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1275 which frame's display to ask about; if @var{frame} is omitted or |
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1276 @code{nil}, the selected frame is used. |
8712 | 1277 |
1278 Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using | |
1279 really supports that color. You can ask for any defined color on any | |
1280 kind of display, and you will get some result---that is how the X server | |
1281 works. Here's an approximate way to test whether your display supports | |
1282 the color @var{color}: | |
1283 | |
1284 @example | |
12676
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1285 (defun x-color-supported-p (color &optional frame) |
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1286 (and (x-color-defined-p color frame) |
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1287 (or (x-display-color-p frame) |
8712 | 1288 (member color '("black" "white")) |
12676
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1289 (and (> (x-display-planes frame) 1) |
8712 | 1290 (equal color "gray"))))) |
1291 @end example | |
1292 @end defun | |
6547 | 1293 |
12676
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1294 @defun x-color-values color &optional frame |
8712 | 1295 This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should |
1296 ideally look like. If @var{color} is defined, the value is a list of | |
1297 three integers, which give the amount of red, the amount of green, and | |
1298 the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in principle from 0 to 65535, | |
1299 but in practice no value seems to be above 65280. If @var{color} is not | |
1300 defined, the value is @code{nil}. | |
1301 | |
1302 @example | |
1303 (x-color-values "black") | |
1304 @result{} (0 0 0) | |
1305 (x-color-values "white") | |
1306 @result{} (65280 65280 65280) | |
1307 (x-color-values "red") | |
1308 @result{} (65280 0 0) | |
1309 (x-color-values "pink") | |
1310 @result{} (65280 49152 51968) | |
1311 (x-color-values "hungry") | |
1312 @result{} nil | |
1313 @end example | |
12676
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1314 |
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1315 The color values are returned for @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} |
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1316 is omitted or @code{nil}, the information is return for the selected |
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1317 frame's display. |
6547 | 1318 @end defun |
1319 | |
1320 @node Resources | |
1321 @section X Resources | |
1322 | |
12098 | 1323 @defun x-get-resource attribute class &optional component subclass |
6547 | 1324 The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X |
1325 Windows defaults database. | |
1326 | |
1327 Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}. | |
1328 This function searches using a key of the form | |
8427
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1329 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name |
12098 | 1330 under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs.@var{class}} as |
1331 the class. | |
6547 | 1332 |
1333 The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key | |
1334 and the class, respectively. You must specify both of them or neither. | |
1335 If you specify them, the key is | |
1336 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is | |
12098 | 1337 @samp{Emacs.@var{class}.@var{subclass}}. |
6547 | 1338 @end defun |
1339 | |
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1340 @defvar x-resource-class |
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1341 This variable specifies the application name that @code{x-get-resource} |
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1342 should look up. The default value is @code{"Emacs"}. You can examine X |
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1343 resources for application names other than ``Emacs'' by binding this |
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1344 variable to some other string, around a call to @code{x-get-resource}. |
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1345 @end defvar |
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1346 |
12098 | 1347 @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6547 | 1348 |
1349 @node Server Data | |
1350 @section Data about the X Server | |
1351 | |
13155
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1352 This section describes functions you can use to get information about |
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1353 the capabilities and origin of an X display that Emacs is using. Each |
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1354 of these functions lets you specify the display you are interested in: |
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1355 the @var{display} argument can be either a display name, or a frame |
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1356 (meaning use the display that frame is on). If you omit the |
0b8e0559dcee
Fix several minor errors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
12676
diff
changeset
|
1357 @var{display} argument, or specify @code{nil}, that means to use the |
0b8e0559dcee
Fix several minor errors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
12676
diff
changeset
|
1358 selected frame's display. |
6547 | 1359 |
12067 | 1360 @defun x-display-screens &optional display |
1361 This function returns the number of screens associated with the display. | |
6547 | 1362 @end defun |
1363 | |
12067 | 1364 @defun x-server-version &optional display |
1365 This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server | |
1366 running the display. | |
6547 | 1367 @end defun |
1368 | |
12067 | 1369 @defun x-server-vendor &optional display |
1370 This function returns the vendor that provided the X server software. | |
6547 | 1371 @end defun |
1372 | |
12067 | 1373 @defun x-display-pixel-height &optional display |
1374 This function returns the height of the screen in pixels. | |
6547 | 1375 @end defun |
1376 | |
12067 | 1377 @defun x-display-mm-height &optional display |
1378 This function returns the height of the screen in millimeters. | |
6547 | 1379 @end defun |
1380 | |
12067 | 1381 @defun x-display-pixel-width &optional display |
1382 This function returns the width of the screen in pixels. | |
6547 | 1383 @end defun |
1384 | |
12067 | 1385 @defun x-display-mm-width &optional display |
1386 This function returns the width of the screen in millimeters. | |
1387 @end defun | |
1388 | |
1389 @defun x-display-backing-store &optional display | |
1390 This function returns the backing store capability of the screen. | |
6547 | 1391 Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or |
1392 @code{not-useful}. | |
1393 @end defun | |
1394 | |
12067 | 1395 @defun x-display-save-under &optional display |
1396 This function returns non-@code{nil} if the display supports the | |
6547 | 1397 SaveUnder feature. |
1398 @end defun | |
1399 | |
12067 | 1400 @defun x-display-planes &optional display |
1401 This function returns the number of planes the display supports. | |
6547 | 1402 @end defun |
1403 | |
12067 | 1404 @defun x-display-visual-class &optional display |
1405 This function returns the visual class for the screen. The value is one | |
1406 of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale}, | |
6547 | 1407 @code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and |
1408 @code{direct-color}. | |
1409 @end defun | |
1410 | |
12067 | 1411 @defun x-display-grayscale-p &optional display |
1412 This function returns @code{t} if the screen can display shades of gray. | |
6547 | 1413 @end defun |
1414 | |
12067 | 1415 @defun x-display-color-p &optional display |
1416 This function returns @code{t} if the screen is a color screen. | |
1417 @end defun | |
1418 | |
1419 @defun x-display-color-cells &optional display | |
1420 This function returns the number of color cells the screen supports. | |
6547 | 1421 @end defun |
1422 | |
1423 @ignore | |
1424 @defvar x-no-window-manager | |
1425 This variable's value is is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use. | |
1426 @end defvar | |
1427 @end ignore | |
1428 | |
1429 @ignore | |
1430 @item | |
1431 The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the | |
1432 width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels. | |
1433 @end ignore |