annotate lispref/elisp.texi @ 65712:53441b803279

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author Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
date Tue, 27 Sep 2005 14:55:31 +0000
parents cb3a28e6571d
children 84379b626fdb 2a679c81f552 fa0da9b57058
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename elisp
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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5 @c %**end of header
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6
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7 @c Version of the manual and of Emacs.
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8 @c Please remember to update the edition number in README as well.
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9 @set VERSION 2.9
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10 @set EMACSVER 22.0.50
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11
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12 @dircategory Emacs
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13 @direntry
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14 * Elisp: (elisp). The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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15 @end direntry
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16
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17 @smallbook
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18 @setchapternewpage odd
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19 @finalout
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20
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21 @c Combine indices.
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22 @synindex cp fn
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23 @syncodeindex vr fn
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24 @syncodeindex ky fn
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25 @syncodeindex pg fn
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26 @c We use the "type index" to index new functions and variables.
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27 @c @syncodeindex tp fn
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28
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29 @copying
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30 This is edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp
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31 Reference Manual, corresponding to Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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32
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33 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999,
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34 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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36 @quotation
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37 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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38 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
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39 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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40 Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'', with the
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41 Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual'', and with the Back-Cover
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42 Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the
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43 section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
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45 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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46 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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47 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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48 @end quotation
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49 @end copying
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50
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51 @titlepage
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52 @title GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
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53 @subtitle For Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}
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54 @subtitle Revision @value{VERSION}, January 2002
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55
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56 @author by Bil Lewis, Dan LaLiberte, Richard Stallman
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57 @author and the GNU Manual Group
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58 @page
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59 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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60 @insertcopying
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62 @sp 1
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63 Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
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64 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor @*
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65 Boston, MA 02110-1301 @*
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66 USA @*
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67 ISBN 1-882114-73-6
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69 @sp 1
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70 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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71 @end titlepage
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74 @c Print the tables of contents
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75 @summarycontents
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76 @contents
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79 @ifnottex
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80 @node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
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81 @top Emacs Lisp
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82
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83 This Info file contains edition @value{VERSION} of the GNU Emacs Lisp
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84 Reference Manual, corresponding to GNU Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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85 @end ifnottex
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86
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87 @menu
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88 * Introduction:: Introduction and conventions used.
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89
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90 * Lisp Data Types:: Data types of objects in Emacs Lisp.
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91 * Numbers:: Numbers and arithmetic functions.
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92 * Strings and Characters:: Strings, and functions that work on them.
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93 * Lists:: Lists, cons cells, and related functions.
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94 * Sequences Arrays Vectors:: Lists, strings and vectors are called sequences.
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95 Certain functions act on any kind of sequence.
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96 The description of vectors is here as well.
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97 * Hash Tables:: Very fast lookup-tables.
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98 * Symbols:: Symbols represent names, uniquely.
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99
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100 * Evaluation:: How Lisp expressions are evaluated.
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101 * Control Structures:: Conditionals, loops, nonlocal exits.
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102 * Variables:: Using symbols in programs to stand for values.
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103 * Functions:: A function is a Lisp program
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104 that can be invoked from other functions.
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105 * Macros:: Macros are a way to extend the Lisp language.
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106 * Customization:: Writing customization declarations.
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107
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108 * Loading:: Reading files of Lisp code into Lisp.
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109 * Byte Compilation:: Compilation makes programs run faster.
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110 * Advising Functions:: Adding to the definition of a function.
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111 * Debugging:: Tools and tips for debugging Lisp programs.
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112
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113 * Read and Print:: Converting Lisp objects to text and back.
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114 * Minibuffers:: Using the minibuffer to read input.
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115 * Command Loop:: How the editor command loop works,
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116 and how you can call its subroutines.
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117 * Keymaps:: Defining the bindings from keys to commands.
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118 * Modes:: Defining major and minor modes.
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119 * Documentation:: Writing and using documentation strings.
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120
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121 * Files:: Accessing files.
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122 * Backups and Auto-Saving:: Controlling how backups and auto-save
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123 files are made.
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124 * Buffers:: Creating and using buffer objects.
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125 * Windows:: Manipulating windows and displaying buffers.
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126 * Frames:: Making multiple X windows.
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127 * Positions:: Buffer positions and motion functions.
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128 * Markers:: Markers represent positions and update
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129 automatically when the text is changed.
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130
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131 * Text:: Examining and changing text in buffers.
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132 * Non-ASCII Characters:: Non-ASCII text in buffers and strings.
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133 * Searching and Matching:: Searching buffers for strings or regexps.
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134 * Syntax Tables:: The syntax table controls word and list parsing.
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135 * Abbrevs:: How Abbrev mode works, and its data structures.
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136
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137 * Processes:: Running and communicating with subprocesses.
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138 * Display:: Features for controlling the screen display.
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139 * System Interface:: Getting the user id, system type, environment
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140 variables, and other such things.
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141
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142 Appendices
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143
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144 * Antinews:: Info for users downgrading to Emacs 21.
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145 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation
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146 * GPL:: Conditions for copying and changing GNU Emacs.
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147 * Tips:: Advice and coding conventions for Emacs Lisp.
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148 * GNU Emacs Internals:: Building and dumping Emacs;
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149 internal data structures.
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150 * Standard Errors:: List of all error symbols.
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151 * Standard Buffer-Local Variables::
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152 List of variables buffer-local in all buffers.
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153 * Standard Keymaps:: List of standard keymaps.
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154 * Standard Hooks:: List of standard hook variables.
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155
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156 * Index:: Index including concepts, functions, variables,
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157 and other terms.
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158
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159 * New Symbols:: New functions and variables in Emacs @value{EMACSVER}.
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160
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161 Detailed Node Listing
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162 ---------------------
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163
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164 Here are other nodes that are inferiors of those already listed,
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165 mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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166
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167 Introduction
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168
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169 * Caveats:: Flaws and a request for help.
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170 * Lisp History:: Emacs Lisp is descended from Maclisp.
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171 * Conventions:: How the manual is formatted.
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172 * Version Info:: Which Emacs version is running?
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173 * Acknowledgements:: The authors, editors, and sponsors of this manual.
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174
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175 Conventions
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176
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177 * Some Terms:: Explanation of terms we use in this manual.
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178 * nil and t:: How the symbols @code{nil} and @code{t} are used.
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179 * Evaluation Notation:: The format we use for examples of evaluation.
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180 * Printing Notation:: The format we use for examples that print output.
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181 * Error Messages:: The format we use for examples of errors.
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182 * Buffer Text Notation:: The format we use for buffer contents in examples.
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183 * Format of Descriptions:: Notation for describing functions, variables, etc.
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184
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185 Format of Descriptions
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186
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187 * A Sample Function Description::
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188 * A Sample Variable Description::
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189
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190 Lisp Data Types
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191
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192 * Printed Representation:: How Lisp objects are represented as text.
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193 * Comments:: Comments and their formatting conventions.
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194 * Programming Types:: Types found in all Lisp systems.
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195 * Editing Types:: Types specific to Emacs.
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196 * Circular Objects:: Read syntax for circular structure.
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197 * Type Predicates:: Tests related to types.
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198 * Equality Predicates:: Tests of equality between any two objects.
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199
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200 Programming Types
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201
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202 * Integer Type:: Numbers without fractional parts.
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203 * Floating Point Type:: Numbers with fractional parts and with a large range.
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204 * Character Type:: The representation of letters, numbers and
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205 control characters.
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206 * Symbol Type:: A multi-use object that refers to a function,
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207 variable, property list, or itself.
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208 * Sequence Type:: Both lists and arrays are classified as sequences.
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209 * Cons Cell Type:: Cons cells, and lists (which are made from cons cells).
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210 * Array Type:: Arrays include strings and vectors.
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211 * String Type:: An (efficient) array of characters.
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212 * Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays.
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213 * Char-Table Type:: One-dimensional sparse arrays indexed by characters.
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214 * Bool-Vector Type:: One-dimensional arrays of @code{t} or @code{nil}.
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215 * Hash Table Type:: Super-fast lookup tables.
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216 * Function Type:: A piece of executable code you can call from elsewhere.
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217 * Macro Type:: A method of expanding an expression into another
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218 expression, more fundamental but less pretty.
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219 * Primitive Function Type:: A function written in C, callable from Lisp.
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220 * Byte-Code Type:: A function written in Lisp, then compiled.
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221 * Autoload Type:: A type used for automatically loading seldom-used
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222 functions.
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223
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224 Cons Cell and List Types
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225
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226 * Box Diagrams:: Drawing pictures of lists.
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227 * Dotted Pair Notation:: An alternative syntax for lists.
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228 * Association List Type:: A specially constructed list.
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229
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230 Editing Types
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231
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232 * Buffer Type:: The basic object of editing.
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233 * Marker Type:: A position in a buffer.
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234 * Window Type:: What makes buffers visible.
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235 * Frame Type:: Windows subdivide frames.
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236 * Window Configuration Type::Save what the screen looks like.
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237 * Frame Configuration Type::Recording the status of all frames.
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238 * Process Type:: A process running on the underlying OS.
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239 * Stream Type:: Receive or send characters.
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240 * Keymap Type:: What function a keystroke invokes.
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241 * Overlay Type:: How an overlay is represented.
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242
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243 Numbers
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244
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245 * Integer Basics:: Representation and range of integers.
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246 * Float Basics:: Representation and range of floating point.
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247 * Predicates on Numbers:: Testing for numbers.
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248 * Comparison of Numbers:: Equality and inequality predicates.
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249 * Numeric Conversions:: Converting float to integer and vice versa.
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250 * Arithmetic Operations:: How to add, subtract, multiply and divide.
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251 * Rounding Operations:: Explicitly rounding floating point numbers.
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252 * Bitwise Operations:: Logical and, or, not, shifting.
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253 * Math Functions:: Trig, exponential and logarithmic functions.
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254 * Random Numbers:: Obtaining random integers, predictable or not.
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255
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256 Strings and Characters
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257
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258 * String Basics:: Basic properties of strings and characters.
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259 * Predicates for Strings:: Testing whether an object is a string or char.
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260 * Creating Strings:: Functions to allocate new strings.
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261 * Modifying Strings:: Altering the contents of an existing string.
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262 * Text Comparison:: Comparing characters or strings.
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263 * String Conversion:: Converting characters or strings and vice versa.
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264 * Formatting Strings:: @code{format}: Emacs's analogue of @code{printf}.
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265 * Case Conversion:: Case conversion functions.
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266 * Case Tables:: Customizing case conversion.
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267
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268 Lists
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269
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270 * Cons Cells:: How lists are made out of cons cells.
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271 * List-related Predicates:: Is this object a list? Comparing two lists.
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272 * List Elements:: Extracting the pieces of a list.
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273 * Building Lists:: Creating list structure.
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274 * Modifying Lists:: Storing new pieces into an existing list.
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275 * Sets And Lists:: A list can represent a finite mathematical set.
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276 * Association Lists:: A list can represent a finite relation or mapping.
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277 * Rings:: Managing a fixed-size ring of objects.
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278
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279 Modifying Existing List Structure
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280
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281 * Setcar:: Replacing an element in a list.
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282 * Setcdr:: Replacing part of the list backbone.
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283 This can be used to remove or add elements.
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284 * Rearrangement:: Reordering the elements in a list; combining lists.
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285
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286 Sequences, Arrays, and Vectors
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287
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288 * Sequence Functions:: Functions that accept any kind of sequence.
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289 * Arrays:: Characteristics of arrays in Emacs Lisp.
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290 * Array Functions:: Functions specifically for arrays.
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291 * Vectors:: Functions specifically for vectors.
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292 * Vector Functions:: Functions specifically for vectors.
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293 * Char-Tables:: How to work with char-tables.
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294 * Bool-Vectors:: How to work with bool-vectors.
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295
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296 Hash Tables
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297
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298 * Creating Hash:: Functions to create hash tables.
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299 * Hash Access:: Reading and writing the hash table contents.
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300 * Defining Hash:: Defining new comparison methods
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301 * Other Hash:: Miscellaneous.
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302
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303 Symbols
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304
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305 * Symbol Components:: Symbols have names, values, function definitions
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306 and property lists.
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307 * Definitions:: A definition says how a symbol will be used.
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308 * Creating Symbols:: How symbols are kept unique.
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309 * Property Lists:: Each symbol has a property list
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310 for recording miscellaneous information.
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311
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312 Evaluation
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313
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314 * Intro Eval:: Evaluation in the scheme of things.
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315 * Forms:: How various sorts of objects are evaluated.
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316 * Quoting:: Avoiding evaluation (to put constants in
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317 the program).
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318 * Eval:: How to invoke the Lisp interpreter explicitly.
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319
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320 Kinds of Forms
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321
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322 * Self-Evaluating Forms:: Forms that evaluate to themselves.
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323 * Symbol Forms:: Symbols evaluate as variables.
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324 * Classifying Lists:: How to distinguish various sorts of list forms.
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325 * Function Indirection:: When a symbol appears as the car of a list,
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326 we find the real function via the symbol.
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327 * Function Forms:: Forms that call functions.
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328 * Macro Forms:: Forms that call macros.
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329 * Special Forms:: ``Special forms'' are idiosyncratic primitives,
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330 most of them extremely important.
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331 * Autoloading:: Functions set up to load files
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332 containing their real definitions.
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333
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334 Control Structures
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335
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336 * Sequencing:: Evaluation in textual order.
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337 * Conditionals:: @code{if}, @code{cond}, @code{when}, @code{unless}.
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338 * Combining Conditions:: @code{and}, @code{or}, @code{not}.
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339 * Iteration:: @code{while} loops.
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340 * Nonlocal Exits:: Jumping out of a sequence.
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341
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342 Nonlocal Exits
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343
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344 * Catch and Throw:: Nonlocal exits for the program's own purposes.
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345 * Examples of Catch:: Showing how such nonlocal exits can be written.
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346 * Errors:: How errors are signaled and handled.
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347 * Cleanups:: Arranging to run a cleanup form if an
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348 error happens.
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349
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350 Errors
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351
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352 * Signaling Errors:: How to report an error.
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353 * Processing of Errors:: What Emacs does when you report an error.
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354 * Handling Errors:: How you can trap errors and continue execution.
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355 * Error Symbols:: How errors are classified for trapping them.
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356
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357 Variables
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358
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359 * Global Variables:: Variable values that exist permanently, everywhere.
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360 * Constant Variables:: Certain "variables" have values that never change.
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361 * Local Variables:: Variable values that exist only temporarily.
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362 * Void Variables:: Symbols that lack values.
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363 * Defining Variables:: A definition says a symbol is used as a variable.
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364 * Tips for Defining:: Things you should think about when you
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365 define a variable.
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366 * Accessing Variables:: Examining values of variables whose names
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367 are known only at run time.
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368 * Setting Variables:: Storing new values in variables.
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369 * Variable Scoping:: How Lisp chooses among local and global values.
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370 * Buffer-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one buffer.
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371 * Frame-Local Variables:: Variable values in effect only in one frame.
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372 * Future Local Variables:: New kinds of local values we might add some day.
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373 * File Local Variables:: Handling local variable lists in files.
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374 * Variable Aliases:: Variables that are aliases for other variables.
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375 * Variables with Restricted Values:: Non-constant variables whose value can
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376 @emph{not} be an arbitrary Lisp object.
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377
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378 Scoping Rules for Variable Bindings
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379
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380 * Scope:: Scope means where in the program a value
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381 is visible. Comparison with other languages.
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382 * Extent:: Extent means how long in time a value exists.
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383 * Impl of Scope:: Two ways to implement dynamic scoping.
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384 * Using Scoping:: How to use dynamic scoping carefully and
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385 avoid problems.
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386
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387 Buffer-Local Variables
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388
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389 * Intro to Buffer-Local:: Introduction and concepts.
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390 * Creating Buffer-Local:: Creating and destroying buffer-local bindings.
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391 * Default Value:: The default value is seen in buffers
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392 that don't have their own buffer-local values.
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393
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394 Functions
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395
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396 * What Is a Function:: Lisp functions vs primitives; terminology.
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397 * Lambda Expressions:: How functions are expressed as Lisp objects.
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398 * Function Names:: A symbol can serve as the name of a function.
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399 * Defining Functions:: Lisp expressions for defining functions.
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400 * Calling Functions:: How to use an existing function.
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401 * Mapping Functions:: Applying a function to each element of a list, etc.
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402 * Anonymous Functions:: Lambda-expressions are functions with no names.
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403 * Function Cells:: Accessing or setting the function definition
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404 of a symbol.
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405 * Obsolete Functions:: Declaring functions obsolete.
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406 * Inline Functions:: Defining functions that the compiler will open code.
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407 * Function Safety:: Determining whether a function is safe to call.
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408 * Related Topics:: Cross-references to specific Lisp primitives
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409 that have a special bearing on how
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410 functions work.
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411
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412 Lambda Expressions
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413
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414 * Lambda Components:: The parts of a lambda expression.
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415 * Simple Lambda:: A simple example.
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416 * Argument List:: Details and special features of argument lists.
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417 * Function Documentation:: How to put documentation in a function.
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418
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419 Macros
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420
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421 * Simple Macro:: A basic example.
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422 * Expansion:: How, when and why macros are expanded.
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423 * Compiling Macros:: How macros are expanded by the compiler.
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424 * Defining Macros:: How to write a macro definition.
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425 * Backquote:: Easier construction of list structure.
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426 * Problems with Macros:: Don't evaluate the macro arguments too many times.
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427 Don't hide the user's variables.
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428 * Indenting Macros:: Specifying how to indent macro calls.
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429
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430 Writing Customization Definitions
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431
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432 * Common Keywords:: Common keyword arguments for all kinds of
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433 customization declarations.
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434 * Group Definitions:: Writing customization group definitions.
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435 * Variable Definitions:: Declaring user options.
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436 * Customization Types:: Specifying the type of a user option.
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437
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438 Loading
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439
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440 * How Programs Do Loading:: The @code{load} function and others.
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441 * Library Search:: Finding a library to load.
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442 * Loading Non-ASCII:: Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in Emacs Lisp files.
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443 * Autoload:: Setting up a function to autoload.
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444 * Repeated Loading:: Precautions about loading a file twice.
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445 * Named Features:: Loading a library if it isn't already loaded.
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446 * Where Defined:: Finding which file defined a certain symbol.
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447 * Unloading:: How to ``unload'' a library that was loaded.
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448 * Hooks for Loading:: Providing code to be run when
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449 particular libraries are loaded.
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450
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451 Byte Compilation
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452
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453 * Speed of Byte-Code:: An example of speedup from byte compilation.
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454 * Compilation Functions:: Byte compilation functions.
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455 * Docs and Compilation:: Dynamic loading of documentation strings.
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456 * Dynamic Loading:: Dynamic loading of individual functions.
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457 * Eval During Compile:: Code to be evaluated when you compile.
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458 * Compiler Errors:: Handling compiler error messages.
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459 * Byte-Code Objects:: The data type used for byte-compiled functions.
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460 * Disassembly:: Disassembling byte-code; how to read byte-code.
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461
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462 Advising Emacs Lisp Functions
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463
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464 * Simple Advice:: A simple example to explain the basics of advice.
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465 * Defining Advice:: Detailed description of @code{defadvice}.
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466 * Around-Advice:: Wrapping advice around a function's definition.
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467 * Computed Advice:: ...is to @code{defadvice} as @code{fset} is to @code{defun}.
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468 * Activation of Advice:: Advice doesn't do anything until you activate it.
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469 * Enabling Advice:: You can enable or disable each piece of advice.
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470 * Preactivation:: Preactivation is a way of speeding up the
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471 loading of compiled advice.
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472 * Argument Access in Advice:: How advice can access the function's arguments.
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473 * Advising Primitives:: Accessing arguments when advising a primitive.
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474 * Combined Definition:: How advice is implemented.
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475
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476 Debugging Lisp Programs
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477
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478 * Debugger:: How the Emacs Lisp debugger is implemented.
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479 * Edebug:: A source-level Emacs Lisp debugger.
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480 * Syntax Errors:: How to find syntax errors.
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481 * Test Coverage:: Ensuring you have tested all branches in your code.
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482 * Compilation Errors:: How to find errors that show up in
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483 byte compilation.
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484
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485 The Lisp Debugger
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486
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487 * Error Debugging:: Entering the debugger when an error happens.
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488 * Infinite Loops:: Stopping and debugging a program that doesn't exit.
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489 * Function Debugging:: Entering it when a certain function is called.
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490 * Explicit Debug:: Entering it at a certain point in the program.
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491 * Using Debugger:: What the debugger does; what you see while in it.
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492 * Debugger Commands:: Commands used while in the debugger.
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493 * Invoking the Debugger:: How to call the function @code{debug}.
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494 * Internals of Debugger:: Subroutines of the debugger, and global variables.
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495
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496 Edebug
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497
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498 * Using Edebug:: Introduction to use of Edebug.
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499 * Instrumenting:: You must instrument your code
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500 in order to debug it with Edebug.
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501 * Edebug Execution Modes:: Execution modes, stopping more or less often.
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502 * Jumping:: Commands to jump to a specified place.
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503 * Edebug Misc:: Miscellaneous commands.
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504 * Breaks:: Setting breakpoints to make the program stop.
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505 * Trapping Errors:: Trapping errors with Edebug.
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506 * Edebug Views:: Views inside and outside of Edebug.
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507 * Edebug Eval:: Evaluating expressions within Edebug.
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508 * Eval List:: Expressions whose values are displayed
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509 each time you enter Edebug.
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diff changeset
510 * Printing in Edebug:: Customization of printing.
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diff changeset
511 * Trace Buffer:: How to produce trace output in a buffer.
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diff changeset
512 * Coverage Testing:: How to test evaluation coverage.
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diff changeset
513 * The Outside Context:: Data that Edebug saves and restores.
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514 * Edebug and Macros:: Specifying how to handle macro calls.
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515 * Edebug Options:: Option variables for customizing Edebug.
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diff changeset
516
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517 Debugging Invalid Lisp Syntax
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518
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519 * Excess Open:: How to find a spurious open paren or missing close.
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520 * Excess Close:: How to find a spurious close paren or missing open.
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diff changeset
521
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522 Reading and Printing Lisp Objects
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523
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524 * Streams Intro:: Overview of streams, reading and printing.
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525 * Input Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
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526 input streams.
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527 * Input Functions:: Functions to read Lisp objects from text.
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528 * Output Streams:: Various data types that can be used as
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529 output streams.
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530 * Output Functions:: Functions to print Lisp objects as text.
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diff changeset
531 * Output Variables:: Variables that control what the printing
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532 functions do.
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533
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534 Minibuffers
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535
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536 * Intro to Minibuffers:: Basic information about minibuffers.
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537 * Text from Minibuffer:: How to read a straight text string.
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538 * Object from Minibuffer:: How to read a Lisp object or expression.
62244
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539 * Minibuffer History:: Recording previous minibuffer inputs
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diff changeset
540 so the user can reuse them.
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diff changeset
541 * Initial Input:: Specifying initial contents for the minibuffer.
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542 * Completion:: How to invoke and customize completion.
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543 * Yes-or-No Queries:: Asking a question with a simple answer.
62244
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diff changeset
544 * Multiple Queries:: Asking a series of similar questions.
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diff changeset
545 * Reading a Password:: Reading a password from the terminal.
64844
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diff changeset
546 * Minibuffer Commands:: Commands used as key bindings in minibuffers.
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diff changeset
547 * Minibuffer Contents:: How such commands access the minibuffer text.
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diff changeset
548 * Minibuffer Windows:: Operating on the special minibuffer windows.
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549 * Recursive Mini:: Whether recursive entry to minibuffer is allowed.
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550 * Minibuffer Misc:: Various customization hooks and variables.
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551
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552 Completion
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553
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554 * Basic Completion:: Low-level functions for completing strings.
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555 (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
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556 * Minibuffer Completion:: Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
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557 * Completion Commands:: Minibuffer commands that do completion.
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558 * High-Level Completion:: Convenient special cases of completion
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559 (reading buffer name, file name, etc.)
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560 * Reading File Names:: Using completion to read file names.
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561 * Programmed Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
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562
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563 Command Loop
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564
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565 * Command Overview:: How the command loop reads commands.
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566 * Defining Commands:: Specifying how a function should read arguments.
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567 * Interactive Call:: Calling a command, so that it will read arguments.
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568 * Command Loop Info:: Variables set by the command loop for you to examine.
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569 * Adjusting Point:: Adjustment of point after a command.
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570 * Input Events:: What input looks like when you read it.
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571 * Reading Input:: How to read input events from the keyboard or mouse.
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572 * Special Events:: Events processed immediately and individually.
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573 * Waiting:: Waiting for user input or elapsed time.
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574 * Quitting:: How @kbd{C-g} works. How to catch or defer quitting.
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575 * Prefix Command Arguments:: How the commands to set prefix args work.
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576 * Recursive Editing:: Entering a recursive edit,
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577 and why you usually shouldn't.
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578 * Disabling Commands:: How the command loop handles disabled commands.
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579 * Command History:: How the command history is set up, and how accessed.
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580 * Keyboard Macros:: How keyboard macros are implemented.
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581
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582 Defining Commands
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583
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584 * Using Interactive:: General rules for @code{interactive}.
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585 * Interactive Codes:: The standard letter-codes for reading arguments
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586 in various ways.
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587 * Interactive Examples:: Examples of how to read interactive arguments.
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588
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589 Keymaps
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590
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591 * Keymap Terminology:: Definitions of terms pertaining to keymaps.
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592 * Format of Keymaps:: What a keymap looks like as a Lisp object.
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593 * Creating Keymaps:: Functions to create and copy keymaps.
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594 * Inheritance and Keymaps:: How one keymap can inherit the bindings
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595 of another keymap.
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596 * Prefix Keys:: Defining a key with a keymap as its definition.
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597 * Active Keymaps:: Each buffer has a local keymap
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598 to override the standard (global) bindings.
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599 Each minor mode can also override them.
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600 * Key Lookup:: How extracting elements from keymaps works.
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601 * Functions for Key Lookup:: How to request key lookup.
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602 * Changing Key Bindings:: Redefining a key in a keymap.
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603 * Remapping Commands:: Bindings that translate one command to another.
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604 * Key Binding Commands:: Interactive interfaces for redefining keys.
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605 * Scanning Keymaps:: Looking through all keymaps, for printing help.
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606 * Menu Keymaps:: A keymap can define a menu for X
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607 or for use from the terminal.
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608
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609 Major and Minor Modes
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610
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611 * Hooks:: How to use hooks; how to write code that
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diff changeset
612 provides hooks.
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613 * Major Modes:: Defining major modes.
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diff changeset
614 * Minor Modes:: Defining minor modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
615 * Mode Line Format:: Customizing the text that appears in the mode line.
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616 * Imenu:: How a mode can provide a menu
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617 of definitions in the buffer.
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618 * Font Lock Mode:: How modes can highlight text according to syntax.
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parents: 60997
diff changeset
619 * Desktop Save Mode:: How modes can have buffer state saved between
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620 Emacs sessions.
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621
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diff changeset
622 Major Modes
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diff changeset
623
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624 * Major Mode Basics::
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625 * Major Mode Conventions:: Coding conventions for keymaps, etc.
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626 * Example Major Modes:: Text mode and Lisp modes.
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627 * Auto Major Mode:: How Emacs chooses the major mode automatically.
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628 * Mode Help:: Finding out how to use a mode.
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629 * Derived Modes:: Defining a new major mode based on another major
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630 mode.
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631 * Generic Modes:: Defining a simple major mode that supports
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632 comment syntax and Font Lock mode.
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633 * Mode Hooks:: Hooks run at the end of major mode functions.
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634
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635 Minor Modes
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636
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637 * Minor Mode Conventions:: Tips for writing a minor mode.
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638 * Keymaps and Minor Modes:: How a minor mode can have its own keymap.
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639 * Defining Minor Modes:: A convenient facility for defining minor modes.
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640
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641 Mode Line Format
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642
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643 * Mode Line Basics::
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644 * Mode Line Data:: The data structure that controls the mode line.
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645 * Mode Line Variables:: Variables used in that data structure.
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diff changeset
646 * %-Constructs:: Putting information into a mode line.
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diff changeset
647 * Properties in Mode:: Using text properties in the mode line.
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parents: 60997
diff changeset
648 * Header Lines:: Like a mode line, but at the top.
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parents: 60997
diff changeset
649 * Emulating Mode Line:: Formatting text as the mode line would.
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diff changeset
650
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parents:
diff changeset
651 Documentation
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parents:
diff changeset
652
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parents:
diff changeset
653 * Documentation Basics:: Good style for doc strings.
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parents:
diff changeset
654 Where to put them. How Emacs stores them.
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parents:
diff changeset
655 * Accessing Documentation:: How Lisp programs can access doc strings.
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parents:
diff changeset
656 * Keys in Documentation:: Substituting current key bindings.
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parents:
diff changeset
657 * Describing Characters:: Making printable descriptions of
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parents:
diff changeset
658 non-printing characters and key sequences.
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parents:
diff changeset
659 * Help Functions:: Subroutines used by Emacs help facilities.
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parents:
diff changeset
660
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parents:
diff changeset
661 Files
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parents:
diff changeset
662
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parents:
diff changeset
663 * Visiting Files:: Reading files into Emacs buffers for editing.
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parents:
diff changeset
664 * Saving Buffers:: Writing changed buffers back into files.
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parents:
diff changeset
665 * Reading from Files:: Reading files into other buffers.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 * Writing to Files:: Writing new files from parts of buffers.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 * File Locks:: Locking and unlocking files, to prevent
62244
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diff changeset
668 simultaneous editing by two people.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
669 * Information about Files:: Testing existence, accessibility, size of files.
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66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 17279
diff changeset
670 * Changing Files:: Renaming files, changing protection, etc.
66d807bdc5b4 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 17279
diff changeset
671 * File Names:: Decomposing and expanding file names.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
672 * Contents of Directories:: Getting a list of the files in a directory.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
673 * Create/Delete Dirs:: Creating and Deleting Directories.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
674 * Magic File Names:: Defining "magic" special handling
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
675 for certain file names.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
676 * Format Conversion:: Conversion to and from various file formats.
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diff changeset
677
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diff changeset
678 Visiting Files
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parents:
diff changeset
679
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parents:
diff changeset
680 * Visiting Functions:: The usual interface functions for visiting.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 * Subroutines of Visiting:: Lower-level subroutines that they use.
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parents:
diff changeset
682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 Information about Files
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parents:
diff changeset
684
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parents:
diff changeset
685 * Testing Accessibility:: Is a given file readable? Writable?
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
686 * Kinds of Files:: Is it a directory? A symbolic link?
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
687 * Truenames:: Eliminating symbolic links from a file name.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 * File Attributes:: How large is it? Any other names? Etc.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 File Names
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 * File Name Components:: The directory part of a file name, and the rest.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
693 * Relative File Names:: Some file names are relative to a
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
694 current directory.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 * Directory Names:: A directory's name as a directory
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 is different from its name as a file.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 * File Name Expansion:: Converting relative file names to absolute ones.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 * Unique File Names:: Generating names for temporary files.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 * File Name Completion:: Finding the completions for a given file name.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
700 * Standard File Names:: If your package uses a fixed file name,
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
701 how to handle various operating systems simply.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
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parents:
diff changeset
703 Backups and Auto-Saving
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
705 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 are chosen.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
708 names are chosen.
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
709 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
710 what it does.
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parents:
diff changeset
711
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 Backup Files
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parents:
diff changeset
713
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parents:
diff changeset
714 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when.
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44210
diff changeset
715 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
716 or copying it.
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parents:
diff changeset
717 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization.
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parents:
diff changeset
719
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parents:
diff changeset
720 Buffers
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parents:
diff changeset
721
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parents:
diff changeset
722 * Buffer Basics:: What is a buffer?
62244
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diff changeset
723 * Current Buffer:: Designating a buffer as current
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
724 so primitives will access its contents.
6451
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diff changeset
725 * Buffer Names:: Accessing and changing buffer names.
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parents:
diff changeset
726 * Buffer File Name:: The buffer file name indicates which file
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parents:
diff changeset
727 is visited.
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parents:
diff changeset
728 * Buffer Modification:: A buffer is @dfn{modified} if it needs to be saved.
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parents:
diff changeset
729 * Modification Time:: Determining whether the visited file was changed
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parents:
diff changeset
730 ``behind Emacs's back''.
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parents:
diff changeset
731 * Read Only Buffers:: Modifying text is not allowed in a
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parents:
diff changeset
732 read-only buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
733 * The Buffer List:: How to look at all the existing buffers.
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parents:
diff changeset
734 * Creating Buffers:: Functions that create buffers.
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parents:
diff changeset
735 * Killing Buffers:: Buffers exist until explicitly killed.
62244
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diff changeset
736 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares text with some
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
737 other buffer.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
738 * Buffer Gap:: The gap in the buffer.
6451
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diff changeset
739
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diff changeset
740 Windows
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parents:
diff changeset
741
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parents:
diff changeset
742 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
743 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
744 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
745 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
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parents:
diff changeset
746 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
747 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
748 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
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parents:
diff changeset
749 and choosing a window for it.
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diff changeset
750 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
751 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
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parents:
diff changeset
752 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
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diff changeset
753 is on-screen in the window.
62244
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diff changeset
754 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
755 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
756 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window.
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diff changeset
757 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
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parents:
diff changeset
758 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
759 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
760 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
761 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes,
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
762 redisplay going past a certain point,
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
763 or window configuration changes.
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764
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diff changeset
765 Frames
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diff changeset
766
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
767 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
768 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other X displays.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
769 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
770 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
771 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
772 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
773 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows;
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
774 display of text always works through windows.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
775 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
776 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
777 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
778 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other X windows;
22252
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 22138
diff changeset
779 lowering it puts it underneath the others.
12098
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
780 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames.
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
781 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
782 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
783 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
784 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no.
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
785 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer.
22267
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diff changeset
786 * Window System Selections::Transferring text to and from other windows.
12098
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parents: 12067
diff changeset
787 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
788 * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals.
12098
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diff changeset
789 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server.
27476
e732cf6d8d12 Fix entry in main menu.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27193
diff changeset
790 * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal.
12098
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diff changeset
791
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diff changeset
792 Positions
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parents:
diff changeset
793
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diff changeset
794 * Point:: The special position where editing takes place.
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parents:
diff changeset
795 * Motion:: Changing point.
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parents:
diff changeset
796 * Excursions:: Temporary motion and buffer changes.
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parents:
diff changeset
797 * Narrowing:: Restricting editing to a portion of the buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
798
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 Motion
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parents:
diff changeset
800
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diff changeset
801 * Character Motion:: Moving in terms of characters.
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parents:
diff changeset
802 * Word Motion:: Moving in terms of words.
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parents:
diff changeset
803 * Buffer End Motion:: Moving to the beginning or end of the buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
804 * Text Lines:: Moving in terms of lines of text.
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parents:
diff changeset
805 * Screen Lines:: Moving in terms of lines as displayed.
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parents:
diff changeset
806 * List Motion:: Moving by parsing lists and sexps.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 * Skipping Characters:: Skipping characters belonging to a certain set.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808
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parents:
diff changeset
809 Markers
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parents:
diff changeset
810
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parents:
diff changeset
811 * Overview of Markers:: The components of a marker, and how it relocates.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 * Predicates on Markers:: Testing whether an object is a marker.
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parents:
diff changeset
813 * Creating Markers:: Making empty markers or markers at certain places.
62244
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
814 * Information from Markers::Finding the marker's buffer or character
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
815 position.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
816 * Marker Insertion Types:: Two ways a marker can relocate when you
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
817 insert where it points.
21007
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818 * Moving Markers:: Moving the marker to a new buffer or position.
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819 * The Mark:: How ``the mark'' is implemented with a marker.
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parents:
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820 * The Region:: How to access ``the region''.
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parents:
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821
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 Text
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parents:
diff changeset
823
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parents:
diff changeset
824 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point.
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parents:
diff changeset
825 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
826 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers.
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diff changeset
827 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
828 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
830 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 later use.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
834 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
835 How to control how much information is kept.
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836 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling.
12098
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837 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
838 * Adaptive Fill:: Adaptive Fill mode chooses a fill prefix
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
839 from context.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
840 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines.
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841 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer.
62244
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
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842 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them.
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843 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation.
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844 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer.
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diff changeset
845 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters.
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846 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears.
15725
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847 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer.
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848 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 the text or position stored in a register.
52193
f8d29e8eb4a7 (Top): Update subnode lists in menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52157
diff changeset
850 * Base 64:: Conversion to or from base 64 encoding.
f8d29e8eb4a7 (Top): Update subnode lists in menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52157
diff changeset
851 * MD5 Checksum:: Compute the MD5 ``message digest''/``checksum''.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
852 * Atomic Changes:: Installing several buffer changes ``atomically''.
15725
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
853 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44210
diff changeset
854
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diff changeset
855 The Kill Ring
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parents:
diff changeset
856
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diff changeset
857 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring.
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parents:
diff changeset
858 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text.
52193
f8d29e8eb4a7 (Top): Update subnode lists in menu.
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parents: 52157
diff changeset
859 * Yanking:: How yanking is done.
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diff changeset
860 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring.
12067
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parents: 7734
diff changeset
861 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access.
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parents:
diff changeset
862 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill-ring data.
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parents:
diff changeset
863
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parents:
diff changeset
864 Indentation
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parents:
diff changeset
865
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parents:
diff changeset
866 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation.
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parents:
diff changeset
867 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
868 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region.
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parents:
diff changeset
869 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines.
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parents:
diff changeset
870 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops.
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parents:
diff changeset
871 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character.
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parents:
diff changeset
872
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873 Text Properties
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diff changeset
874
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
875 * Examining Properties:: Looking at the properties of one character.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
876 * Changing Properties:: Setting the properties of a range of text.
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Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12098
diff changeset
877 * Property Search:: Searching for where a property changes value.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
878 * Special Properties:: Particular properties with special meanings.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
879 * Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
880 * Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
881 neighboring text.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
882 * Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
883 them back.
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
884 * Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
885 only when text is examined.
40587
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
886 * Clickable Text:: Using text properties to make regions of text
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
887 do something when you click on them.
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
888 * Links and Mouse-1:: How to make @key{Mouse-1} follow a link.
40587
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
889 * Fields:: The @code{field} property defines
85791f717d5c Update menu for subnodes of Text Properties.
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parents: 39993
diff changeset
890 fields within the buffer.
15725
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diff changeset
891 * Not Intervals:: Why text properties do not use
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parents: 12098
diff changeset
892 Lisp-visible text intervals.
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diff changeset
893
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894 Non-ASCII Characters
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diff changeset
895
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896 * Text Representations:: Unibyte and multibyte representations
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diff changeset
897 * Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
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parents: 27476
diff changeset
898 * Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
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diff changeset
899 * Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to
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diff changeset
900 codes of individual characters.
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901 * Character Sets:: The space of possible characters codes
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diff changeset
902 is divided into various character sets.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
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903 * Chars and Bytes:: More information about multibyte encodings.
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diff changeset
904 * Splitting Characters:: Converting a character to its byte sequence.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
905 * Scanning Charsets:: Which character sets are used in a buffer?
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906 * Translation of Characters:: Translation tables are used for conversion.
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907 * Coding Systems:: Coding systems are conversions for saving files.
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diff changeset
908 * Input Methods:: Input methods allow users to enter various
40834
9552d64e0367 Fix typo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40587
diff changeset
909 non-ASCII characters without special keyboards.
28635
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
910 * Locales:: Interacting with the POSIX locale.
cda2b6ed6aec *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 27476
diff changeset
911
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parents:
diff changeset
912 Searching and Matching
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parents:
diff changeset
913
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parents:
diff changeset
914 * String Search:: Search for an exact match.
65183
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
915 * Searching and Case:: Case-independent or case-significant searching.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 * Regular Expressions:: Describing classes of strings.
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parents:
diff changeset
917 * Regexp Search:: Searching for a match for a regexp.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
918 * POSIX Regexps:: Searching POSIX-style for the longest match.
65183
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
919 * Match Data:: Finding out which part of the text matched,
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
920 after a string or regexp search.
36922dc86799 (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64922
diff changeset
921 * Search and Replace:: Commands that loop, searching and replacing.
6451
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 * Standard Regexps:: Useful regexps for finding sentences, pages,...
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 Regular Expressions
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 * Syntax of Regexps:: Rules for writing regular expressions.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 * Regexp Example:: Illustrates regular expression syntax.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
928 * Regexp Functions:: Functions for operating on regular expressions.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
929
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parents:
diff changeset
930 Syntax Tables
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parents:
diff changeset
931
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
932 * Syntax Basics:: Basic concepts of syntax tables.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
933 * Syntax Descriptors:: How characters are classified.
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parents:
diff changeset
934 * Syntax Table Functions:: How to create, examine and alter syntax tables.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
935 * Syntax Properties:: Overriding syntax with text properties.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
936 * Motion and Syntax:: Moving over characters with certain syntaxes.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
937 * Parsing Expressions:: Parsing balanced expressions
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 using the syntax table.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 * Standard Syntax Tables:: Syntax tables used by various major modes.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 * Syntax Table Internals:: How syntax table information is stored.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
941 * Categories:: Another way of classifying character syntax.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
942
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parents:
diff changeset
943 Syntax Descriptors
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 * Syntax Class Table:: Table of syntax classes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 * Syntax Flags:: Additional flags each character can have.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947
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parents:
diff changeset
948 Abbrevs And Abbrev Expansion
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parents:
diff changeset
949
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parents:
diff changeset
950 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
951 * Abbrev Tables:: Creating and working with abbrev tables.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
952 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
953 * Abbrev Files:: Saving abbrevs in files.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
954 * Abbrev Expansion:: Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
955 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes.
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parents:
diff changeset
956
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parents:
diff changeset
957 Processes
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parents:
diff changeset
958
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parents:
diff changeset
959 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
960 * Shell Arguments:: Quoting an argument to pass it to a shell.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
961 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses.
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parents:
diff changeset
962 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
963 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
964 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes.
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parents:
diff changeset
965 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
966 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 an asynchronous subprocess.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
969 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
970 * Query Before Exit:: Whether to query if exiting will kill a process.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
971 * Transaction Queues:: Transaction-based communication with subprocesses.
12098
a6eb5f12b0f3 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 12067
diff changeset
972 * Network:: Opening network connections.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
973 * Network Servers:: Network servers let Emacs accept net connections.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
974 * Datagrams:: UDP network connections.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
975 * Low-Level Network:: Lower-level but more general function
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
976 to create connections and servers.
64922
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
977 * Misc Network:: Additional relevant functions for network connections.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
978 * Byte Packing:: Using bindat to pack and unpack binary data.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
979
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parents:
diff changeset
980 Receiving Output from Processes
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parents:
diff changeset
981
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parents:
diff changeset
982 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process.
52157
3619f7bd9400 (Top): Fix typo.
John Paul Wallington <jpw@pobox.com>
parents: 52152
diff changeset
984 * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings.
6451
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
985 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
987 Emacs Display
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
988
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
989 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
990 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
991 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines.
63958
180214c3bcc9 (Top): Update subnode menu for Display.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 63646
diff changeset
992 * The Echo Area:: Displaying messages at the bottom of the screen.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
993 * Warnings:: Displaying warning messages for the user.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
994 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text.
63958
180214c3bcc9 (Top): Update subnode menu for Display.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 63646
diff changeset
995 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way).
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
996 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
997 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
998 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
999 * Line Height:: Controlling the height of lines.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1000 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1001 for text characters: font, colors, etc.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1002 * Fringes:: Controlling window fringes.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1003 * Scroll Bars:: Controlling vertical scroll bars.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1004 * Pointer Shape:: Controlling the mouse pointer shape.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1005 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1006 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1007 * Buttons:: Adding clickable buttons to Emacs buffers.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1008 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1009 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1010 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1011 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1012 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1013
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diff changeset
1014 Operating System Interface
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parents:
diff changeset
1015
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1016 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs start-up processing.
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary).
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parents:
diff changeset
1018 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1019 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1020 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1021 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form to a string, or
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1022 to calendrical data (or vice versa).
64922
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1023 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1024 and vice versa.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1025 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1026 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1027 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1028 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging.
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parents:
diff changeset
1029 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1030 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1031 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1032 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1033 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1034
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 Starting Up Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
1036
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parents: 24951
diff changeset
1037 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at start-up.
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1038 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}).
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parents:
diff changeset
1039 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read.
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24951
diff changeset
1040 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command line arguments are processed,
6451
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parents:
diff changeset
1041 and how you can customize them.
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parents:
diff changeset
1042
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 Getting out of Emacs
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly.
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parents:
diff changeset
1046 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly.
8240c0b1d695 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1047
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
1048 Tips and Conventions
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parents:
diff changeset
1049
62244
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parents: 62225
diff changeset
1050 * Coding Conventions:: Conventions for clean and robust programs.
64922
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1051 * Key Binding Conventions:: Which keys should be bound by which programs.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
diff changeset
1052 * Programming Tips:: Making Emacs code fit smoothly in Emacs.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
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1053 * Compilation Tips:: Making compiled code run fast.
5e32e6187a91 (Top): Update subnode lists.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64889
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1054 * Warning Tips:: Turning off compiler warnings.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
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1055 * Documentation Tips:: Writing readable documentation strings.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1056 * Comment Tips:: Conventions for writing comments.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1057 * Library Headers:: Standard headers for library packages.
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1058
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1059 GNU Emacs Internals
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parents:
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1060
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parents:
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1061 * Building Emacs:: How to preload Lisp libraries into Emacs.
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parents:
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1062 * Pure Storage:: A kludge to make preloaded Lisp functions sharable.
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parents:
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1063 * Garbage Collection:: Reclaiming space for Lisp objects no longer used.
62244
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1064 * Memory Usage:: Info about total size of Lisp objects made so far.
1053cf8f89ea (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62225
diff changeset
1065 * Writing Emacs Primitives:: Writing C code for Emacs.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1066 * Object Internals:: Data formats of buffers, windows, processes.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1067
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1068 Object Internals
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1069
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1070 * Buffer Internals:: Components of a buffer structure.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1071 * Window Internals:: Components of a window structure.
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parents:
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1072 * Process Internals:: Components of a process structure.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1073 @end menu
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1074
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1075 @include intro.texi
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1076 @include objects.texi
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1077 @include numbers.texi
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diff changeset
1078 @include strings.texi
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1079
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1080 @include lists.texi
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1081 @include sequences.texi
25751
467b88fab665 *** empty log message ***
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1082 @include hash.texi
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1083 @include symbols.texi
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1084 @include eval.texi
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1085
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1086 @include control.texi
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1087 @include variables.texi
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1088 @include functions.texi
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1089 @include macros.texi
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1090
21007
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parents: 17279
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1091 @include customize.texi
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1092 @include loading.texi
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1093 @include compile.texi
21702
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 21007
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1094 @include advice.texi
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parents: 21007
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1095
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1096 @include debugging.texi
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1097 @include streams.texi
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1098 @include minibuf.texi
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parents:
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1099 @include commands.texi
21702
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1100
6451
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1101 @include keymaps.texi
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parents:
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1102 @include modes.texi
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1103 @include help.texi
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parents:
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1104 @include files.texi
21702
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1105
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1106 @include backups.texi
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1107 @include buffers.texi
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1108 @include windows.texi
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parents:
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1109 @include frames.texi
21702
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1110
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1111 @include positions.texi
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1112 @include markers.texi
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1113 @include text.texi
21007
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1114 @include nonascii.texi
21702
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1115
21007
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1116 @include searching.texi
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1117 @include syntax.texi
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1118 @include abbrevs.texi
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1119 @include processes.texi
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1120
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1121 @include display.texi
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1122 @include os.texi
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1123
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1124 @c MOVE to Emacs Manual: include misc-modes.texi
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1125
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1126 @c appendices
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1127
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1128 @c REMOVE this: include non-hacker.texi
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1129
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1130 @include anti.texi
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1131 @include doclicense.texi
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1132 @include gpl.texi
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1133 @include tips.texi
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1134 @include internals.texi
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1135 @include errors.texi
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1136 @include locals.texi
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1137 @include maps.texi
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1138 @include hooks.texi
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1139
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1140 @include index.texi
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1141
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1142 @node New Symbols, , Index, Top
22138
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1143 @unnumbered New Symbols Since the Previous Edition
21007
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1144
21702
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1145 @printindex tp
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1146
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1147 @bye
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1148
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1149
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1150 These words prevent "local variables" above from confusing Emacs.
52401
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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1151
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1152 @ignore
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1153 arch-tag: f7e9a219-a0e1-4776-b631-08eaa1d49b34
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1154 @end ignore