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annotate man/entering.texi @ 65223:554ac3736464
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author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
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date | Tue, 30 Aug 2005 10:27:54 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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3 @c 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Entering Emacs, Exiting, Text Characters, Top | |
6 @chapter Entering and Exiting Emacs | |
7 @cindex entering Emacs | |
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8 @cindex starting Emacs |
25829 | 9 |
29107 | 10 The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command @command{emacs}. |
25829 | 11 Emacs clears the screen and then displays an initial help message and |
12 copyright notice. Some operating systems discard all type-ahead when | |
13 Emacs starts up; they give Emacs no way to prevent this. Therefore, it | |
14 is advisable to wait until Emacs clears the screen before typing your | |
15 first editing command. | |
16 | |
17 If you run Emacs from a shell window under the X Window System, run it | |
29107 | 18 in the background with @command{emacs&}. This way, Emacs does not tie up |
25829 | 19 the shell window, so you can use that to run other shell commands while |
20 Emacs operates its own X windows. You can begin typing Emacs commands | |
21 as soon as you direct your keyboard input to the Emacs frame. | |
22 | |
23 @vindex initial-major-mode | |
38954 | 24 When Emacs starts up, it creates a buffer named @samp{*scratch*}. |
25829 | 25 That's the buffer you start out in. The @samp{*scratch*} buffer uses Lisp |
26 Interaction mode; you can use it to type Lisp expressions and evaluate | |
27 them, or you can ignore that capability and simply doodle. (You can | |
28 specify a different major mode for this buffer by setting the variable | |
29 @code{initial-major-mode} in your init file. @xref{Init File}.) | |
30 | |
31 It is possible to specify files to be visited, Lisp files to be | |
32 loaded, and functions to be called, by giving Emacs arguments in the | |
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33 shell command line. @xref{Emacs Invocation}. But we don't recommend |
25829 | 34 doing this. The feature exists mainly for compatibility with other |
35 editors. | |
36 | |
37 Many other editors are designed to be started afresh each time you | |
38 want to edit. You edit one file and then exit the editor. The next | |
39 time you want to edit either another file or the same one, you must run | |
40 the editor again. With these editors, it makes sense to use a | |
41 command-line argument to say which file to edit. | |
42 | |
43 But starting a new Emacs each time you want to edit a different file | |
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44 does not make sense. This would fail to take advantage of Emacs's |
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45 ability to visit more than one file in a single editing session, and |
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46 it would lose the other accumulated context, such as the kill ring, |
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47 registers, undo history, and mark ring, that are useful for operating |
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48 on multiple files. |
25829 | 49 |
50 The recommended way to use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just | |
51 after you log in, and do all your editing in the same Emacs session. | |
52 Each time you want to edit a different file, you visit it with the | |
53 existing Emacs, which eventually comes to have many files in it ready | |
54 for editing. Usually you do not kill the Emacs until you are about to | |
55 log out. @xref{Files}, for more information on visiting more than one | |
56 file. | |
57 | |
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58 If you want to edit a file from another program and already have |
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59 Emacs running, you can use the @command{emacsclient} program to open a |
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60 file in the already running Emacs. @xref{Emacs Server}, for more |
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61 information on editing files with Emacs from other programs. |
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62 |
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63 @ifnottex |
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64 @raisesections |
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65 @end ifnottex |
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66 |
25829 | 67 @node Exiting, Basic, Entering Emacs, Top |
68 @section Exiting Emacs | |
69 @cindex exiting | |
70 @cindex killing Emacs | |
71 @cindex suspending | |
72 @cindex leaving Emacs | |
73 @cindex quitting Emacs | |
74 | |
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75 There are two commands for exiting Emacs because there are three |
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76 kinds of exiting: @dfn{suspending} Emacs, @dfn{Iconifying} Emacs, and |
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77 @dfn{killing} Emacs. |
25829 | 78 |
79 @dfn{Suspending} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning | |
80 control to its parent process (usually a shell), allowing you to resume | |
81 editing later in the same Emacs job, with the same buffers, same kill | |
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82 ring, same undo history, and so on. This is the usual way to exit Emacs |
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83 when running on a text terminal. |
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84 |
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85 @dfn{Iconifying} means replacing the Emacs frame with a small box |
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86 somewhere on the screen. This is the usual way to exit Emacs when you're |
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87 using a graphics terminal. |
25829 | 88 |
89 @dfn{Killing} Emacs means destroying the Emacs job. You can run Emacs | |
90 again later, but you will get a fresh Emacs; there is no way to resume | |
91 the same editing session after it has been killed. | |
92 | |
93 @table @kbd | |
94 @item C-z | |
95 Suspend Emacs (@code{suspend-emacs}) or iconify a frame | |
96 (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). | |
97 @item C-x C-c | |
98 Kill Emacs (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). | |
99 @end table | |
100 | |
101 @kindex C-z | |
102 @findex suspend-emacs | |
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103 To suspend or iconify Emacs, type @kbd{C-z} (@code{suspend-emacs}). |
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104 On text terminals, this suspends Emacs. On graphics terminals, |
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105 it iconifies the Emacs frame. |
25829 | 106 |
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107 Suspending Emacs takes you back to the shell from which you invoked |
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108 Emacs. You can resume Emacs with the shell command @command{%emacs} |
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109 in most common shells. On systems that don't support suspending |
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110 programs, @kbd{C-z} starts an inferior shell that communicates |
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111 directly with the terminal. Emacs waits until you exit the subshell. |
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112 (The way to do that is probably with @kbd{C-d} or @command{exit}, but |
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113 it depends on which shell you use.) The only way on these systems to |
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114 get back to the shell from which Emacs was run (to log out, for |
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115 example) is to kill Emacs. |
25829 | 116 |
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117 Suspending can fail if you run Emacs under a shell that doesn't |
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118 support suspending programs, even if the system itself does support |
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119 it. In such a case, you can set the variable @code{cannot-suspend} to |
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120 a non-@code{nil} value to force @kbd{C-z} to start an inferior shell. |
25829 | 121 (One might also describe Emacs's parent shell as ``inferior'' for |
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122 failing to support job control properly, but that is a matter of |
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123 taste.) |
25829 | 124 |
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125 On graphics terminals, @kbd{C-z} has a different meaning: it runs |
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126 the command @code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}, which temporarily |
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127 iconifies (or ``minimizes'') the selected Emacs frame |
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128 (@pxref{Frames}). Then you can use the window manager to get back to |
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129 a shell window. |
25829 | 130 |
131 @kindex C-x C-c | |
132 @findex save-buffers-kill-emacs | |
38954 | 133 To exit and kill Emacs, type @kbd{C-x C-c} |
134 (@code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}). A two-character key is used for | |
135 this to make it harder to type by accident. This command first offers | |
136 to save any modified file-visiting buffers. If you do not save them | |
137 all, it asks for reconfirmation with @kbd{yes} before killing Emacs, | |
138 since any changes not saved will be lost forever. Also, if any | |
139 subprocesses are still running, @kbd{C-x C-c} asks for confirmation | |
140 about them, since killing Emacs will also kill the subprocesses. | |
25829 | 141 |
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142 @vindex confirm-kill-emacs |
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143 If the value of the variable @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is |
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144 non-@code{nil}, @kbd{C-x C-c} assumes that its value is a predicate |
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145 function, and calls that function. If the result is non-@code{nil}, the |
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146 session is killed, otherwise Emacs continues to run. One convenient |
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147 function to use as the value of @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is the |
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148 function @code{yes-or-no-p}. The default value of |
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149 @code{confirm-kill-emacs} is @code{nil}. |
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150 |
38954 | 151 There is no way to resume an Emacs session once you have killed it. |
25829 | 152 You can, however, arrange for Emacs to record certain session |
38954 | 153 information when you kill it, such as which files are visited, so that |
154 the next time you start Emacs it will try to visit the same files and | |
25829 | 155 so on. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}. |
156 | |
157 The operating system usually listens for certain special characters | |
158 whose meaning is to kill or suspend the program you are running. | |
159 @b{This operating system feature is turned off while you are in Emacs.} | |
160 The meanings of @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-x C-c} as keys in Emacs were | |
161 inspired by the use of @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} on several operating | |
162 systems as the characters for stopping or killing a program, but that is | |
163 their only relationship with the operating system. You can customize | |
164 these keys to run any commands of your choice (@pxref{Keymaps}). | |
52401 | 165 |
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166 @ifnottex |
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167 @lowersections |
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168 @end ifnottex |
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169 |
52401 | 170 @ignore |
171 arch-tag: df798d8b-f253-4113-b585-f528f078a944 | |
172 @end ignore |