Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/faq.texi @ 65223:554ac3736464
(compile-auto-highlight, skeleton-further-elements): Add defvars.
author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
---|---|
date | Tue, 30 Aug 2005 10:27:54 +0000 |
parents | 214cdf9890f7 |
children | fda96ff4c7e5 2d92f5c9d6ae |
rev | line source |
---|---|
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
1 \input texinfo @c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*- |
25474 | 2 @c %**start of header |
27177
6b960a7c7ca7
Rename emacs-faq to efaq in @setfilename and in @direntry.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
27113
diff
changeset
|
3 @setfilename ../info/efaq |
25474 | 4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
7 @setchapternewpage odd | |
8 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
9 @c This is used in many places |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
10 @set VER 21.3 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
11 |
47737
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
12 @copying |
64890
3723093a21fd
Update years in copyright notice; nfc.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
64083
diff
changeset
|
13 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
14 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 15 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
16 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 17 |
47737
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
18 @quotation |
25474 | 19 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
20 (``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other |
25474 | 21 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. |
22 | |
23 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
24 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
25 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
26 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
27 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
28 | |
29 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
30 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
31 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
32 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
33 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
34 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
47737
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
35 @end quotation |
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
36 @end copying |
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
37 |
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
38 @dircategory Emacs |
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
39 @direntry |
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
40 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. |
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
41 @end direntry |
25474 | 42 |
43 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version | |
44 @titlepage | |
45 @sp 10 | |
46 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ} | |
47 | |
48 @c The following two commands start the copyright page. | |
49 @page | |
50 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
47737
0a70200bde27
use @copying instead of @ifinfo.
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents:
47614
diff
changeset
|
51 @insertcopying |
25474 | 52 @end titlepage |
53 | |
54 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir) | |
55 | |
56 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}. | |
57 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
58 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
59 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
60 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
61 format. This FAQ is maintained as a part of GNU Emacs. If you find |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
62 any errors, or have any suggestions, please use @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
63 to report them. |
25474 | 64 |
65 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
66 * FAQ notation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
67 * General questions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
68 * Getting help:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
69 * Status of Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
70 * Common requests:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
71 * Bugs and problems:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
72 * Compiling and installing Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
73 * Finding Emacs and related packages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
74 * Major packages and programs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
75 * Key bindings:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
76 * Alternate character sets:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
77 * Mail and news:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
78 * Concept index:: |
25474 | 79 @end menu |
80 | |
81 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
82 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top | |
83 @chapter FAQ notation | |
84 @cindex FAQ notation | |
85 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
86 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in |
25474 | 87 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time |
88 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms | |
89 used in the FAQ. | |
90 | |
91 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
92 * Basic keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
93 * Extended commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
94 * On-line manual:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
95 * File-name conventions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
96 * Common acronyms:: |
25474 | 97 @end menu |
98 | |
99 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation | |
40705 | 100 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.? |
25474 | 101 @cindex Basic keys |
102 @cindex Control key, notation for | |
103 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
104 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for |
25474 | 105 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of |
40705 | 106 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of |
25474 | 107 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of |
108 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of | |
109 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of | |
110 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of | |
111 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of | |
112 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
113 @cindex Notation for keys |
25474 | 114 |
115 @itemize @bullet | |
116 | |
117 @item | |
118 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key | |
119 | |
120 @item | |
121 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
122 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key}) |
25474 | 123 |
124 @item | |
125 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control} | |
126 and @key{Meta} | |
127 | |
128 @item | |
129 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above | |
130 | |
131 @item | |
132 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j} | |
133 | |
134 @item | |
135 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m} | |
136 | |
137 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
138 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
139 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
140 deleting invokes Emacs help) |
25474 | 141 |
142 @item | |
143 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[} | |
144 | |
145 @item | |
146 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i} | |
147 | |
148 @item | |
149 @key{SPC}: Space bar | |
150 | |
151 @end itemize | |
152 | |
153 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
154 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
155 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
156 @display |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
157 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
158 @end display |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
159 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
160 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
161 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
162 really means press the space key. |
25474 | 163 |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
164 The @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value |
25474 | 165 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
166 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
167 terminals, the @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the |
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
168 @acronym{ASCII} code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
169 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
170 7@footnote{ |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
171 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
172 pressed.}. |
25474 | 173 |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
174 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is @acronym{ASCII} code 127. It is a misnomer to call |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
175 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
176 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate @acronym{ASCII} code 127. |
25474 | 177 |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
178 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys, |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
179 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
180 information about Info.) |
25474 | 181 |
182 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation | |
183 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean? | |
184 @cindex Extended commands | |
185 @cindex Commands, extended | |
186 @cindex M-x, meaning of | |
187 | |
188 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
189 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure |
25474 | 190 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.) |
191 | |
192 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command | |
193 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any | |
194 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't | |
195 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for | |
196 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
197 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
198 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
199 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
200 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
201 @cindex @key{Do} key |
25474 | 202 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke |
203 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
204 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
205 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
206 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
207 Emacs Lisp code}. |
25474 | 208 |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
209 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation |
25474 | 210 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
211 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in | |
212 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual | |
213 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual | |
214 @cindex Info, finding topics in | |
215 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
216 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
217 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
218 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 219 |
220 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't | |
221 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info. | |
222 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
223 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
224 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
225 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
226 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
227 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
228 improperly. In this case you should complain. |
25474 | 229 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
230 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the |
25474 | 231 Emacs manual. |
232 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
233 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation |
25474 | 234 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}? |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
235 @cindex File-name conventions |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
236 @cindex Conventions for file names |
25474 | 237 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs |
238 | |
239 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided | |
240 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and | |
241 @file{src}. | |
242 | |
243 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start | |
244 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory | |
245 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
246 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
247 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
248 documentation of a variable.) |
25474 | 249 |
250 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation | |
251 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
252 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of |
25474 | 253 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last |
254 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By | |
255 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}. | |
256 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
257 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
258 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
259 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
260 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
261 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}). |
25474 | 262 |
263 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and | |
264 many files from the @file{etc} directory. | |
265 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
266 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation |
25474 | 267 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
268 @cindex FSF, definition of | |
269 @cindex LPF, definition of | |
270 @cindex OSF, definition of | |
271 @cindex GNU, definition of | |
272 @cindex RMS, definition of | |
273 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for | |
274 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for | |
275 @cindex FTP, definition of | |
276 @cindex GPL, definition of | |
277 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for | |
278 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for | |
279 | |
280 @table @asis | |
281 | |
282 @item FSF | |
283 Free Software Foundation | |
284 | |
285 @item LPF | |
286 League for Programming Freedom | |
287 | |
288 @item OSF | |
289 Open Software Foundation | |
290 | |
291 @item GNU | |
292 GNU's Not Unix | |
293 | |
294 @item RMS | |
295 Richard Matthew Stallman | |
296 | |
297 @item FTP | |
298 File Transfer Protocol | |
299 | |
300 @item GPL | |
301 GNU General Public License | |
302 | |
303 @end table | |
304 | |
305 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes | |
306 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make | |
307 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a | |
308 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for | |
309 Unix systems. | |
310 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
311 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
312 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for |
25474 | 313 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
314 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
315 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has |
25474 | 316 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
317 | |
318 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
319 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top | |
320 @chapter General questions | |
321 @cindex General questions | |
322 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
323 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the |
25474 | 324 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations. |
325 | |
326 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
327 * The LPF:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
328 * Real meaning of copyleft:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
329 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
330 * Newsgroup archives:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
331 * Reporting bugs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
332 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
333 * Contacting the FSF:: |
25474 | 334 @end menu |
335 | |
336 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions | |
337 @section What is the LPF? | |
338 @cindex LPF, description of | |
339 @cindex League for Programming Freedom | |
340 @cindex Software patents, opposition to | |
341 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to | |
342 | |
343 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and | |
344 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact | |
345 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
346 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you |
25474 | 347 about the LPF. |
348 | |
349 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}. | |
350 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
351 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}. |
25474 | 352 |
353 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions | |
354 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
355 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of | |
356 @cindex GPL, real meaning of | |
357 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of | |
358 @cindex Discussion of the GPL | |
359 | |
360 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will | |
361 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. | |
362 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to | |
363 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to | |
364 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the | |
365 extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
366 | |
367 RMS writes: | |
368 | |
369 @quotation | |
370 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
371 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
372 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
373 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
374 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
375 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
376 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
25474 | 377 @end quotation |
378 | |
379 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions | |
380 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.? | |
381 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
382 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
383 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for | |
384 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
385 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
386 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
387 @cindex GNU mailing lists |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
388 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
389 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy |
25474 | 390 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it |
391 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address. | |
392 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
393 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
394 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
395 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
396 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
25474 | 397 |
398 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
399 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
400 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to |
25474 | 401 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself. |
402 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
403 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
404 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, |
25474 | 405 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
406 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't |
25474 | 407 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
408 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
409 posting a followup that recommends such software. |
25474 | 410 |
411 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
412 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}). |
25474 | 413 |
414 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions | |
415 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups? | |
43966
998074d579cf
Avoid a warning from makeinfo due to a colon in an index entry.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
43960
diff
changeset
|
416 @cindex Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help} |
25474 | 417 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups |
418 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups | |
419 | |
420 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
421 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
422 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve | |
423 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
424 | |
425 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}. | |
426 | |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
427 The archive can be browsed over the web at |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
428 @uref{http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/, the GNU mail archive}. |
25474 | 429 |
430 Web-based Usenet search services, such as | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
431 @uref{http://groups.google.com, Google}, also archive the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
432 @code{gnu.*} groups. |
25474 | 433 |
434 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions | |
435 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? | |
436 @cindex Bug reporting | |
437 @cindex Good bug reports | |
438 @cindex How to submit a bug report | |
439 @cindex Reporting bugs | |
440 | |
441 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
442 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
443 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of | |
444 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address | |
445 so you can be contacted for further details. | |
446 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
447 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting |
25474 | 448 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
449 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the |
25474 | 450 manual.) |
451 | |
452 RMS says: | |
453 | |
454 @quotation | |
455 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the | |
456 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because | |
457 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of | |
458 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem. | |
459 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people | |
460 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to | |
461 receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
462 @end quotation | |
463 | |
464 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}: | |
465 | |
466 @quotation | |
467 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, | |
468 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
469 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you. |
25474 | 470 @end quotation |
471 | |
472 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following | |
473 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: | |
474 | |
475 @quotation | |
476 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
477 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that | |
478 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it | |
479 does, that is a bug. | |
480 @end quotation | |
481 | |
482 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions | |
483 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? | |
484 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists | |
485 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists | |
486 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
487 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
488 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
489 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are |
25474 | 490 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
491 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
492 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
493 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
494 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
495 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
496 details. |
25474 | 497 |
498 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions | |
499 @section What is the current address of the FSF? | |
500 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF | |
501 @cindex Postal address of the FSF | |
502 @cindex Contracting the FSF | |
503 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting | |
504 | |
505 @table @asis | |
506 | |
507 @item E-mail | |
508 gnu@@gnu.org | |
509 | |
510 @item Telephone | |
511 +1-617-542-5942 | |
512 | |
513 @item Fax | |
514 +1-617-542-2652 | |
515 | |
516 @item World Wide Web | |
517 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} | |
518 | |
519 @item Postal address | |
520 Free Software Foundation@* | |
64083 | 521 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor@* |
522 Boston, MA 02110-1301@* | |
25474 | 523 USA@* |
524 | |
525 @end table | |
526 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
527 @cindex Ordering GNU software |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
528 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
529 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
25474 | 530 |
531 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
532 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top | |
533 @chapter Getting help | |
534 @cindex Getting help | |
535 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
536 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs |
25474 | 537 |
538 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
539 * Basic editing:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
540 * Learning how to do something:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
541 * Getting a printed manual:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
542 * Emacs Lisp documentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
543 * Installing Texinfo documentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
544 * Printing a Texinfo file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
545 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
546 * Informational files for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
547 * Help installing Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
548 * Obtaining the FAQ:: |
25474 | 549 @end menu |
550 | |
551 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help | |
552 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
553 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs | |
554 @cindex Beginning editing | |
555 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the | |
556 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the | |
557 @cindex Help system, entering the | |
558 | |
559 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h} | |
560 enters the help system. | |
561 | |
562 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like | |
563 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x | |
564 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any) | |
565 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET} | |
566 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key | |
567 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key | |
568 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
569 | |
570 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value | |
571 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}. | |
572 | |
573 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
574 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at |
25474 | 575 |
576 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html} | |
577 | |
578 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help | |
579 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? | |
580 @cindex Help for Emacs | |
581 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs | |
582 @cindex Reference card for Emacs | |
583 @cindex Overview of help systems | |
584 | |
585 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
586 | |
587 @itemize @bullet | |
588 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
589 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual |
25474 | 590 @item |
591 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info | |
592 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h} | |
593 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to | |
594 use it. | |
595 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
596 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
597 @cindex Index search in a manual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
598 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
599 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
600 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
601 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
602 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
603 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
604 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
605 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
606 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
607 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
608 @cindex Apropos |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
609 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
610 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
611 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
612 command-apropos}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
613 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
614 @cindex Command description in the manual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
615 @item |
54478 | 616 The command @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
617 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
618 Emacs manual where that command is described. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
619 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
620 @cindex Finding commands and variables |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
621 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
622 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
623 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
624 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
625 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
626 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
627 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
628 apropos-documentation}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
629 |
25474 | 630 @item |
631 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a | |
632 printed manual}. | |
633 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
634 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages |
25474 | 635 @item |
636 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to | |
637 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), | |
638 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
639 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
640 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
641 reference card into several languages; look for files named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
642 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
643 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
644 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}. |
25474 | 645 |
646 @item | |
647 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and | |
648 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after | |
649 @kbd{C-h}. | |
650 | |
651 @end itemize | |
652 | |
653 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help | |
654 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? | |
655 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining | |
40014
79d5f2aed303
(Getting a printed manual): Add an index entry for HTML version
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39551
diff
changeset
|
656 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
79d5f2aed303
(Getting a printed manual): Add an index entry for HTML version
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39551
diff
changeset
|
657 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
25474 | 658 |
659 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For | |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
660 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
661 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
662 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent! |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
663 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man} |
25474 | 664 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
665 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo |
25474 | 666 file}). |
667 | |
668 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{}, | |
669 you can get a PostScript version from | |
670 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
671 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
672 |
40014
79d5f2aed303
(Getting a printed manual): Add an index entry for HTML version
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39551
diff
changeset
|
673 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
674 An HTML version of the manual is at |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
675 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
676 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
677 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
678 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line. |
25474 | 679 |
680 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help | |
681 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? | |
682 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp | |
683 @cindex Function documentation | |
684 @cindex Variable documentation | |
685 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
686 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp | |
687 | |
688 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a | |
689 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable. | |
690 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
691 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
692 on ordering it from FSF are on the |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
693 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
25474 | 694 |
695 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info | |
696 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info | |
697 files) is available at | |
698 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
699 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
700 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
701 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
702 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
703 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
704 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
705 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
706 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
707 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
708 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html} |
25474 | 709 |
710 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help | |
711 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
712 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing | |
713 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation | |
714 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing | |
715 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
716 @cindex Info files, how to install |
25474 | 717 |
718 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this | |
719 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest | |
720 Texinfo package at | |
721 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
722 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
723 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
724 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
725 distributions}). |
25474 | 726 |
727 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
728 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
729 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
730 @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
731 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
732 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
733 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
734 manual you want to convert. |
25474 | 735 |
736 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
737 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
738 perform these steps: |
25474 | 739 |
740 @enumerate | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
741 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
742 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
743 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
744 is. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
745 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
746 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
747 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
748 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
749 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
750 @example |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
751 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
752 @end example |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
753 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
754 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
755 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
756 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
757 you produced and want to install. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
758 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
759 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
760 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
761 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
762 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
25474 | 763 |
764 @example | |
765 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
766 @end example | |
767 | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
768 @end enumerate |
25474 | 769 |
770 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
771 privileges, you have several options: | |
772 | |
773 @itemize @bullet | |
774 @item | |
775 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
776 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by | |
777 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
778 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
779 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
780 directory, you can type this: |
25474 | 781 |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
782 @example |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
783 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}} |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
784 @end example |
25474 | 785 |
786 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
787 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that |
25474 | 788 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
789 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
790 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info}, |
25474 | 791 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
792 | |
793 @lisp | |
794 (setq Info-default-directory-list | |
795 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) | |
796 @end lisp | |
797 | |
798 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
799 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should |
25474 | 800 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need |
801 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir} | |
802 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in | |
803 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system. | |
804 | |
805 @end itemize | |
806 | |
807 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help | |
808 @section How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
809 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file | |
810 @cindex Texinfo file, printing | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
811 @cindex Printing documentation |
25474 | 812 |
813 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have | |
814 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
815 | |
816 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps: | |
817 | |
818 @enumerate | |
819 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
820 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
821 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
25474 | 822 |
823 @example | |
824 \input texinfo | |
825 @end example | |
826 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
827 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
828 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
829 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
830 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
831 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
832 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
833 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
834 printed copy. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
835 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
836 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
837 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
838 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
839 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
840 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
841 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
842 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
843 printer. |
25474 | 844 |
845 @end enumerate | |
846 | |
847 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
848 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
25474 | 849 |
850 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help | |
851 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs? | |
852 @cindex Viewing Info files | |
853 @cindex Info file viewers | |
854 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers | |
855 | |
856 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: | |
857 | |
858 @itemize @bullet | |
859 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
860 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
861 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
862 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
863 details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
864 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
865 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
866 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
867 Window system. You can get it at |
25474 | 868 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
869 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
870 list of mirrors). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
871 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
872 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
873 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
874 You can get Tkinfo at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
875 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}. |
25474 | 876 |
877 @end itemize | |
878 | |
879 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help | |
880 @section What informational files are available for Emacs? | |
881 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs | |
882 @cindex Files included with Emacs | |
883 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file | |
884 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file | |
885 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file | |
886 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file | |
887 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file | |
888 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file | |
889 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file | |
890 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file | |
891 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file | |
892 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file | |
893 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file | |
894 | |
895 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
896 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project | |
897 are available for you to read. | |
898 | |
899 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
900 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
901 where that is). |
25474 | 902 |
903 @table @file | |
904 | |
905 @item COPYING | |
906 Emacs General Public License | |
907 | |
908 @item DISTRIB | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
909 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular Free Software |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
910 Foundation Order Form |
25474 | 911 |
912 @item FTP | |
913 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
914 | |
915 @item GNU | |
916 The GNU Manifesto | |
917 | |
918 @item INTERVIEW | |
919 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software | |
920 system with BYTE editors | |
921 | |
922 @item LPF | |
923 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom | |
924 | |
925 @item MACHINES | |
926 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
927 | |
928 @item MAILINGLISTS | |
929 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
930 | |
931 @item NEWS | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
932 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes |
25474 | 933 |
934 @item SERVICE | |
935 GNU Service Directory | |
936 | |
937 @item SUN-SUPPORT | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
938 including ``Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs'' |
25474 | 939 |
940 @end table | |
941 | |
942 Latest versions of the above files also available at | |
943 | |
944 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/} | |
945 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
946 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
947 Bulletin}, are at |
25474 | 948 |
949 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and | |
950 | |
951 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html} | |
952 | |
953 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help | |
954 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs? | |
955 @cindex Installation help | |
956 @cindex Help installing Emacs | |
957 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
958 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
959 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
960 have problems with the installation. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
961 |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
962 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
963 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
964 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
965 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
966 Emacs}). |
25474 | 967 |
968 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help | |
969 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ? | |
970 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the | |
971 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the | |
972 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version | |
973 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via | |
974 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the | |
975 | |
976 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
977 | |
978 @itemize @bullet | |
979 | |
980 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
981 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
982 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top |
54478 | 983 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h C-f} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). |
25474 | 984 |
985 @item | |
986 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your | |
987 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and | |
988 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you | |
989 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you | |
990 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for | |
991 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command | |
992 will do this for you at the article selection level: | |
993 | |
994 @example | |
995 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m | |
996 @end example | |
997 | |
998 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*} | |
999 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view | |
1000 all articles in a newsgroup. | |
1001 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1002 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1003 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news |
25474 | 1004 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
1005 while. | |
1006 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1007 @item |
25474 | 1008 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1009 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1010 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}). |
25474 | 1011 |
1012 @item | |
1013 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in | |
1014 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to | |
1015 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at | |
1016 | |
1017 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and | |
1018 | |
1019 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/} | |
1020 | |
1021 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives | |
1022 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be | |
1023 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a | |
1024 blank subject and containing | |
1025 | |
1026 @example | |
1027 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs | |
1028 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
1029 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
1030 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
1031 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
1032 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
1033 @end example | |
1034 | |
1035 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
1036 with @samp{help} and @samp{index} in the body on separate lines. |
25474 | 1037 @end itemize |
1038 | |
1039 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
1040 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top | |
1041 @chapter Status of Emacs | |
1042 @cindex Status of Emacs | |
1043 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1044 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its |
25474 | 1045 latest version status. |
1046 | |
1047 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1048 * Origin of the term Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1049 * Latest version of Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1050 * New in Emacs 20:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1051 * New in Emacs 21:: |
25474 | 1052 @end menu |
1053 | |
1054 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1055 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1056 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs'' |
25474 | 1057 @cindex Emacs name origin |
1058 @cindex TECO | |
1059 @cindex Original version of Emacs | |
1060 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1061 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked |
25474 | 1062 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1063 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT |
25474 | 1064 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
1065 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1066 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. |
25474 | 1067 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project |
1068 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, | |
1069 and completed by RMS. | |
1070 | |
1071 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you | |
1072 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1073 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1074 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1075 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1076 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1077 @cindex Why Emacs? |
25474 | 1078 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1079 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1080 conventions}). |
25474 | 1081 |
1082 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
1083 @section What is the latest version of Emacs? | |
1084 @cindex Version, latest | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1085 @cindex Latest version of Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1086 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1087 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1088 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1089 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs |
25474 | 1090 @section What is different about Emacs 20? |
1091 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20 | |
1092 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in | |
1093 | |
54478 | 1094 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h C-n} |
25474 | 1095 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of |
1096 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at | |
1097 the top. | |
1098 | |
1099 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; | |
1100 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was | |
1101 obvious to even the most casual user. | |
1102 | |
1103 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many | |
1104 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1105 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1106 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1107 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1108 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms. |
25474 | 1109 |
1110 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the | |
1111 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20, | |
1112 and are now included with the standard distribution. | |
1113 | |
1114 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1115 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1116 @section What is different about Emacs 21? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1117 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1118 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1119 @cindex Recently introduced features |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1120 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1121 @cindex Variable-size fonts |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1122 @cindex Toolbar support |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1123 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1124 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
1125 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearance of |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1126 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1127 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1128 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1129 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1130 |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1131 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1132 @cindex TTY colors |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1133 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1134 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1135 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1136 |
25474 | 1137 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
1138 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top | |
1139 @chapter Common requests | |
1140 @cindex Common requests | |
1141 | |
1142 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1143 * Setting up a customization file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1144 * Debugging a customization file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1145 * Colors on a TTY:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1146 * Displaying the current line or column:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1147 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1148 * Turning on abbrevs by default:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1149 * Turning on auto-fill by default:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1150 * Associating modes with files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1151 * Working with unprintable characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1152 * Highlighting a region:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1153 * Controlling case sensitivity:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1154 * Wrapping words automatically:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1155 * Spell-checkers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1156 * Checking TeX and *roff documents:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1157 * Changing load-path:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1158 * Using an already running Emacs process:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1159 * Compiler error messages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1160 * Indenting switch statements:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1161 * Customizing C and C++ indentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1162 * Horizontal scrolling:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1163 * Overwrite mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1164 * Turning off beeping:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1165 * Turning the volume down:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1166 * Automatic indentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1167 * Matching parentheses:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1168 * Hiding #ifdef lines:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1169 * Repeating commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1170 * Valid X resources:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1171 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1172 * Changing the length of a Tab:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1173 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1174 * Underlining paragraphs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1175 * Repeating a command as many times as possible:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1176 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1177 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1178 * Using regular expressions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1179 * Replacing text across multiple files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1180 * Documentation for etags:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1181 * Disabling backups:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1182 * Disabling auto-save-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1183 * Going to a line by number:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1184 * Modifying pull-down menus:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1185 * Deleting menus and menu options:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1186 * Turning on syntax highlighting:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1187 * Scrolling only one line:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1188 * Replacing highlighted text:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1189 * Editing MS-DOS files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1190 * Filling paragraphs with a single space:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1191 * Escape sequences in shell output:: |
25474 | 1192 @end menu |
1193 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1194 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests |
25474 | 1195 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly? |
1196 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
1197 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, locating |
25474 | 1198 @cindex Init file, setting up |
1199 @cindex Customization file, setting up | |
1200 | |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
1201 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}. |
25474 | 1202 |
1203 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because | |
1204 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1205 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as | |
1206 documented. | |
1207 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1208 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1209 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1210 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1211 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1212 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1213 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1214 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1215 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, |
25474 | 1216 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1217 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described |
25474 | 1218 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users |
1219 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks. | |
1220 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1221 Sometimes users are unsure as to where their @file{.emacs} file should |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1222 be found. Visiting the file as @file{~/.emacs} from Emacs will find |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1223 the correct file. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1224 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1225 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1226 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1227 @cindex Colors on a TTY |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1228 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1229 @cindex Console, colors |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1230 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
1231 In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode, |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1232 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1233 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1234 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1235 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1236 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1237 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1238 capabilities. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1239 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1240 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1241 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1242 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1243 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1244 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1245 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1246 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests |
25474 | 1247 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file? |
1248 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
1249 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging | |
1250 @cindex Init file debugging | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1251 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option |
25474 | 1252 |
1253 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This | |
1254 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs} | |
1255 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top | |
1256 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the | |
1257 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your | |
1258 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem. | |
1259 | |
1260 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function | |
1261 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the | |
1262 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x | |
1263 eval-last-sexp}). | |
1264 | |
1265 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of | |
1266 variables which you are trying to set or use. | |
1267 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1268 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests |
25474 | 1269 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
1270 @cindex @code{line-number-mode} | |
1271 @cindex Displaying the current line or column | |
1272 @cindex Line number, displaying the current | |
1273 @cindex Column, displaying the current | |
1274 @cindex @code{mode-line-format} | |
1275 | |
1276 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point | |
1277 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the | |
1278 form | |
1279 | |
1280 @lisp | |
1281 (setq line-number-mode t) | |
1282 @end lisp | |
1283 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1284 @noindent |
25474 | 1285 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1286 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1287 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1288 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1289 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}. |
25474 | 1290 |
1291 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with | |
1292 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form | |
1293 | |
1294 @lisp | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1295 (setq column-number-mode t) |
25474 | 1296 @end lisp |
1297 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1298 @noindent |
25474 | 1299 in your @file{.emacs} file. |
1300 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1301 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1302 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the |
25474 | 1303 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v |
1304 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use | |
1305 this variable. | |
1306 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1307 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1308 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1309 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1310 instructions on how to get it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1311 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1312 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1313 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number'' |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1314 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). The @samp{setnu} package |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1315 written by @email{kyle@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} provides this |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1316 feature. So too does @samp{wb-line-number}, written by |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1317 @email{naoki.y.nakamura@@nifty.com, Naoki Nakamura}. |
25474 | 1318 |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1319 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1320 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name? |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1321 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1322 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar |
25474 | 1323 @cindex @code{frame-title-format} |
1324 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1325 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
25474 | 1326 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable |
1327 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x | |
1328 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these | |
1329 variables.) | |
1330 | |
1331 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer | |
1332 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1333 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1334 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting |
25474 | 1335 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of |
1336 | |
1337 @lisp | |
1338 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name)) | |
1339 @end lisp | |
1340 | |
1341 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's | |
1342 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following | |
1343 in your @file{.emacs}: | |
1344 | |
1345 @lisp | |
1346 (setq frame-title-format "%b") | |
1347 @end lisp | |
1348 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1349 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1350 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}? |
25474 | 1351 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default |
1352 | |
1353 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1354 | |
1355 @lisp | |
1356 (condition-case () | |
1357 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) | |
1358 (file-error nil)) | |
1359 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1360 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1361 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1362 (setq abbrev-mode t))) |
25474 | 1363 @end lisp |
1364 | |
1365 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests | |
1366 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default? | |
1367 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically | |
1368 @cindex Filling automatically | |
1369 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode} | |
1370 | |
1371 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
1372 auto-fill-mode}. | |
1373 | |
1374 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook | |
1375 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all | |
1376 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1377 | |
1378 @lisp | |
1379 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1380 @end lisp | |
1381 | |
1382 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1383 | |
1384 @lisp | |
1385 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) | |
1386 @end lisp | |
1387 | |
1388 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests | |
1389 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1390 @cindex Associating modes with files | |
1391 @cindex File extensions and modes | |
1392 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying | |
1393 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions | |
1394 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1395 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1396 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you: |
25474 | 1397 |
1398 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1399 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
25474 | 1400 @end lisp |
1401 | |
1402 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1403 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1404 with @samp{#!}): |
25474 | 1405 |
1406 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1407 -*- @var{foo} -*- |
25474 | 1408 @end example |
1409 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1410 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts |
25474 | 1411 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} |
1412 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs | |
1413 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1414 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't |
25474 | 1415 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x |
1416 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more. | |
1417 | |
1418 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests | |
1419 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters? | |
1420 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with | |
1421 @cindex Working with unprintable characters | |
1422 @cindex Control characters, working with | |
1423 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with | |
1424 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters | |
1425 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters | |
1426 | |
1427 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1428 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes | |
1429 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).) | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1430 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1431 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1432 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable |
25474 | 1433 chars. |
1434 | |
1435 @itemize @bullet | |
1436 | |
1437 @item | |
1438 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1439 | |
1440 @item | |
1441 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1442 | |
1443 @end itemize | |
1444 | |
1445 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1446 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to | |
1447 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand | |
1448 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So, | |
1449 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}: | |
1450 | |
1451 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}} | |
1452 | |
1453 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}: | |
1454 | |
40705 | 1455 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]} |
25474 | 1456 |
1457 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: | |
1458 | |
1459 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}} | |
1460 | |
1461 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable | |
1462 characters with a colon, use: | |
1463 | |
1464 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET} | |
1465 | |
1466 @itemize @bullet | |
1467 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1468 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1469 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing |
25474 | 1470 something in the minibuffer. |
1471 | |
1472 @end itemize | |
1473 | |
1474 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests | |
1475 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1476 @cindex Highlighting text | |
1477 @cindex Text, highlighting | |
1478 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode} | |
1479 @cindex Region, highlighting a | |
1480 | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1481 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1482 including |
25474 | 1483 |
1484 @lisp | |
1485 (transient-mark-mode t) | |
1486 @end lisp | |
1487 | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1488 @noindent |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1489 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1490 highlighting}.) |
25474 | 1491 |
1492 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests | |
1493 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1494 @cindex @code{case-fold-search} | |
1495 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches | |
1496 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity | |
1497 @cindex Ignoring case in searches | |
1498 | |
1499 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} | |
1500 determines whether they are case sensitive: | |
1501 | |
1502 @lisp | |
1503 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1504 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1505 @end lisp | |
1506 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1507 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1508 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1509 @cindex @code{case-replace} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1510 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines |
25474 | 1511 whether replacements preserve case. |
1512 | |
1513 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1514 mode's hook. For example: | |
1515 | |
1516 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1517 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1518 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1519 (setq case-fold-search nil))) |
25474 | 1520 @end lisp |
1521 | |
1522 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests | |
1523 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1524 @cindex Wrapping word automatically | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1525 @cindex Wrapping lines |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1526 @cindex Line wrap |
25474 | 1527 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to |
1528 @cindex Maximum line width, default value | |
1529 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value | |
1530 | |
1531 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}. | |
1532 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1533 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1534 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}. |
25474 | 1535 |
1536 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests | |
1537 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1538 @cindex Checking spelling | |
1539 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents | |
1540 | |
1541 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}. | |
1542 | |
1543 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests | |
1544 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents? | |
1545 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents | |
1546 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in | |
1547 | |
1548 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents. | |
1549 @xref{Ispell}. | |
1550 | |
1551 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests | |
1552 @section How do I change @code{load-path}? | |
1553 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying | |
1554 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path} | |
1555 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path} | |
1556 | |
1557 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1558 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this: |
25474 | 1559 |
1560 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1561 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1562 @end lisp |
1563 | |
1564 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1565 | |
1566 @lisp | |
59402
7497bd0e03ee
(Changing load-path): Fix typo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56833
diff
changeset
|
1567 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1568 @end lisp |
1569 | |
1570 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests | |
1571 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1572 @cindex @code{emacsclient} | |
1573 @cindex Emacs server functions | |
1574 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process | |
1575 | |
1576 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using | |
1577 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does | |
1578 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be | |
1579 expecting the request. | |
1580 | |
1581 @itemize @bullet | |
1582 | |
1583 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1584 Setup: |
25474 | 1585 |
1586 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for | |
1587 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line | |
1588 option: | |
1589 | |
1590 @example | |
1591 emacs -f server-start | |
1592 @end example | |
1593 | |
1594 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}: | |
1595 | |
1596 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1597 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start)) |
25474 | 1598 @end lisp |
1599 | |
47614
c959ab9efa1f
Remove emacsserver.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46918
diff
changeset
|
1600 When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket. |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1601 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory, |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1602 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1603 directory, depending on your system. See @code{server-socket-name}. |
25474 | 1604 |
1605 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke | |
1606 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} | |
1607 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may | |
1608 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program | |
1609 instead. Examples: | |
1610 | |
1611 @example | |
1612 # csh commands: | |
1613 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1614 | |
1615 # using full pathname | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1616 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient |
25474 | 1617 |
1618 # sh command: | |
1619 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR | |
1620 @end example | |
1621 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1622 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1623 Normal use: |
25474 | 1624 |
1625 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server} | |
1626 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1627 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the |
25474 | 1628 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files |
1629 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The | |
1630 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is | |
1631 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x | |
1632 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1633 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1634 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue. |
25474 | 1635 |
1636 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which | |
1637 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that | |
1638 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that | |
1639 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1640 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1641 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1642 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1643 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1644 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1645 @cindex @code{gnuserv} |
25474 | 1646 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1647 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman} |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1648 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1649 Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most network connections. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1650 It also supports the execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1651 not require the client program to wait for completion. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1652 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1653 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at |
25474 | 1654 |
1655 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz} | |
1656 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1657 The version available from @uref{http://meltin.net/hacks/emacs/} is |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
1658 more recent, and has been tested with Emacs 21.2. |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1659 |
25474 | 1660 @end itemize |
1661 | |
1662 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests | |
1663 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1664 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing | |
1665 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors | |
1666 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors | |
1667 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler | |
1668 | |
1669 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1670 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1671 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1672 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1673 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1674 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1675 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1676 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1677 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1678 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1679 following to inform Emacs of your changes: |
25474 | 1680 |
1681 @lisp | |
1682 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1683 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx}) |
25474 | 1684 compilation-error-regexp-alist)) |
1685 @end lisp | |
1686 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1687 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests |
25474 | 1688 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}? |
1689 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting | |
1690 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch} | |
1691 | |
1692 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this: | |
1693 | |
1694 @example | |
1695 f() | |
1696 @{ | |
1697 switch(x) @{ | |
1698 case A: | |
1699 x1; | |
1700 break; | |
1701 case B: | |
1702 x2; | |
1703 break; | |
1704 default: | |
1705 x3; | |
1706 @} | |
1707 @} | |
1708 @end example | |
1709 | |
1710 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and | |
1711 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation | |
1712 spacing of four instead of two. | |
1713 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1714 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1715 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1716 @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 1717 |
1718 @lisp | |
1719 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) | |
1720 @end lisp | |
1721 | |
1722 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}. | |
1723 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1724 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1725 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1726 @cindex Indentation, how to customize |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1727 @cindex Customize indentation |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1728 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1729 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1730 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1731 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1732 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1733 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1734 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1735 @enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1736 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1737 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1738 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1739 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1740 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1741 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1742 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1743 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1744 one of these: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1745 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1746 @table @code |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1747 @item 0 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1748 No extra indentation. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1749 @item + |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1750 Indent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1751 @item - |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1752 Outdent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1753 @item ++ |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1754 Indent two basic offsets |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1755 @item -- |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1756 Outdent two basic offsets. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1757 @item * |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1758 Indent half basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1759 @item / |
37079
dc7cb733ffc7
Fix a typo in the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36977
diff
changeset
|
1760 Outdent half basic offset. |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1761 @end table |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1762 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1763 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1764 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1765 the line or the block according to what you just specified. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1766 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1767 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1768 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1769 following line to your @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1770 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1771 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1772 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset}) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1773 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1774 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1775 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1776 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1777 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1778 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1779 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1780 procedure. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1781 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1782 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1783 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1784 the process there. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1785 @end enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1786 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1787 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1788 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1789 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1790 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1791 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1792 (c-set-offset ...) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1793 (c-set-offset ...)) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1794 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1795 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1796 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1797 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1798 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1799 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1800 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1801 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1802 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1803 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1804 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1805 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1806 @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1807 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1808 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests |
25474 | 1809 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
1810 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode} | |
1811 @cindex Horizontal scrolling | |
1812 @cindex Scrolling horizontally | |
1813 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1814 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1815 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1816 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1817 left or right edge of the window. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1818 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1819 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from |
25474 | 1820 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}: |
1821 | |
1822 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1823 left or right edge of the window. |
25474 | 1824 |
1825 @itemize @minus | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1826 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1827 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1828 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1829 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1830 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1831 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1832 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1833 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in: |
25474 | 1834 |
1835 @lisp | |
1836 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) | |
1837 @end lisp | |
1838 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1839 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1840 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1841 edge of the window. |
25474 | 1842 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1843 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1844 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
25474 | 1845 @end itemize |
1846 | |
1847 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
1848 @section How do I make Emacs ``typeover'' or ``overwrite'' instead of inserting? |
25474 | 1849 @cindex @key{Insert} |
1850 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1851 @cindex Overwriting existing text | |
1852 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1853 | |
1854 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles | |
1855 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1856 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}. | |
1857 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1858 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off. |
25474 | 1859 |
1860 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests | |
1861 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1862 @cindex Beeping, turning off | |
1863 @cindex Visible bell | |
1864 @cindex Bell, visible | |
1865 | |
1866 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes: | |
1867 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1868 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1869 and set the visible bell to nothing. |
25474 | 1870 |
1871 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable | |
1872 (assuming you have one): | |
1873 | |
1874 @example | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1875 ... :vb=: ... |
25474 | 1876 @end example |
1877 | |
1878 And evaluate the following Lisp form: | |
1879 | |
1880 @example | |
1881 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1882 @end example | |
1883 | |
1884 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
1885 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X? |
25474 | 1886 @cindex Bell, volume of |
1887 @cindex Volume of bell | |
1888 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1889 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1890 programs with the shell command @code{xset}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1891 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1892 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1893 information, including the following: |
25474 | 1894 |
1895 @example | |
1896 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... | |
1897 To turn bell off: | |
1898 -b b off b 0 | |
1899 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: | |
1900 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on | |
1901 @end example | |
1902 | |
1903 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests | |
1904 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line? | |
1905 @cindex Indenting new lines | |
1906 @cindex New lines, indenting of | |
1907 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1908 @cindex Text indentation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1909 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1910 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1911 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2: |
25474 | 1912 |
1913 @example | |
1914 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes | |
1915 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, | |
1916 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text | |
1917 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical | |
1918 difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1919 | |
1920 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1921 and is an alias for it. | |
1922 | |
1923 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use | |
1924 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1925 @end example | |
1926 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1927 @cindex Prefixing lines |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1928 @cindex Fill prefix |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1929 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1930 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1931 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1932 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .} |
25474 | 1933 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
1934 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of | |
1935 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill | |
1936 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1937 | |
1938 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will | |
1939 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1940 new paragraph. There are many packages available to deal with this |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1941 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Look for ``fill'' and |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1942 ``indent'' keywords for guidance. |
25474 | 1943 |
1944 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests | |
1945 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1946 @cindex Parentheses, matching | |
1947 @cindex @file{paren.el} | |
1948 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses | |
1949 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting | |
1950 @cindex Matching parentheses | |
1951 | |
1952 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded) | |
1953 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e., | |
1954 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically, | |
1955 include the line | |
1956 | |
1957 @lisp | |
1958 (require 'paren) | |
1959 @end lisp | |
1960 | |
1961 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko} | |
1962 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in | |
1963 your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1964 | |
1965 @lisp | |
1966 (show-paren-mode 1) | |
1967 @end lisp | |
1968 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1969 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1970 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1971 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1972 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1973 Alternatives to paren include: |
25474 | 1974 |
1975 @itemize @bullet | |
1976 | |
1977 @item | |
1978 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1979 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1980 the matching parenthesis. |
25474 | 1981 |
1982 @item | |
40705 | 1983 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp}) |
25474 | 1984 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which |
1985 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1986 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1987 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1988 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi} |
25474 | 1989 @item |
1990 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1991 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
25474 | 1992 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. |
1993 | |
1994 @lisp | |
1995 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
1996 | |
1997 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
1998 | |
1999 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
2000 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." | |
2001 (interactive "p") | |
2002 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
2003 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
2004 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
2005 @end lisp | |
2006 | |
2007 @end itemize | |
2008 | |
2009 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests | |
2010 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler? | |
2011 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of | |
2012 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode} | |
2013 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text | |
2014 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code | |
2015 | |
2016 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2017 to investigate @file{cpp.el}, which is distributed with Emacs. |
25474 | 2018 |
2019 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests | |
2020 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi? | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2021 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi} |
25474 | 2022 @cindex Command, repeat last |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2023 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2024 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2025 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2026 insertion/deletion.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2027 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2028 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z}) |
25474 | 2029 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix |
2030 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command. | |
2031 | |
2032 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} | |
2033 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the | |
2034 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2035 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2036 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex |
25474 | 2037 commands you've typed. |
2038 | |
2039 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard | |
2040 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.) | |
2041 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2042 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2043 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2044 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.) |
25474 | 2045 |
2046 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests | |
2047 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
2048 @cindex Resources, X | |
2049 @cindex X resources | |
2050 @cindex Setting X resources | |
2051 | |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
2052 @inforef{X Resources, X Resources, emacs}. |
25474 | 2053 |
2054 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and | |
2055 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs | |
2056 was compiled with the X toolkit. | |
2057 | |
2058 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2059 @section How do I execute (``evaluate'') a piece of Emacs Lisp code? |
25474 | 2060 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code |
2061 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating | |
2062 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2063 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2064 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}: |
25474 | 2065 |
2066 @itemize @bullet | |
2067 | |
2068 @item | |
2069 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2070 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2071 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations. |
25474 | 2072 |
2073 @item | |
2074 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type | |
2075 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form | |
2076 will be inserted in the buffer. | |
2077 | |
2078 @item | |
40705 | 2079 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form |
25474 | 2080 before or around point. |
2081 | |
2082 @item | |
2083 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
2084 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
2085 | |
2086 @item | |
2087 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2088 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}. |
25474 | 2089 |
2090 @item | |
2091 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp | |
2092 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load} | |
2093 instead.) | |
2094 | |
2095 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region}, | |
2096 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2097 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2098 about them. |
25474 | 2099 |
2100 @end itemize | |
2101 | |
2102 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests | |
2103 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length? | |
2104 @cindex Tab length | |
2105 @cindex Length of tab character | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2106 @cindex @code{default-tab-width} |
25474 | 2107 |
2108 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set | |
2109 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your | |
2110 @file{.emacs} file: | |
2111 | |
2112 @lisp | |
2113 (setq default-tab-width 10) | |
2114 @end lisp | |
2115 | |
2116 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable | |
2117 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal | |
2118 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted | |
2119 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes. | |
2120 | |
2121 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests | |
2122 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line? | |
2123 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies | |
2124 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character | |
2125 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix} | |
2126 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2127 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2128 | |
2129 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp | |
2130 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}. | |
2131 | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2132 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}. |
25474 | 2133 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you |
2134 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2135 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole |
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2136 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2137 |
2138 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2139 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use |
25474 | 2140 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2141 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2142 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2143 additional information. |
25474 | 2144 |
2145 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2146 @section How do I insert @samp{_^H} before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph? |
25474 | 2147 @cindex Underlining a region of text |
2148 @cindex @code{underline-region} | |
2149 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2150 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2151 |
2152 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests | |
2153 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2154 @cindex Repeating commands many times |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2155 @cindex Commands, repeating many times |
25474 | 2156 |
2157 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes | |
2158 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}. | |
2159 | |
2160 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed. | |
2161 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2162 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2163 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2164 |
25474 | 2165 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests |
2166 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
2167 @cindex @code{picture-mode} | |
2168 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents | |
2169 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents | |
2170 | |
2171 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}. | |
2172 | |
2173 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests | |
2174 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2175 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System |
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2176 @cindex X Window System and iconification |
25474 | 2177 @cindex Suspending Emacs |
2178 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2179 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
2180 otherwise. @inforef{Frame Commands, Frame Commands, emacs}. |
25474 | 2181 |
2182 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests | |
2183 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
2184 @cindex Regexps | |
2185 @cindex Regular expressions | |
2186 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps | |
2187 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs | |
2188 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in | |
2189 | |
64917
f9b024cc4772
(Using regular expressions): Fix xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64890
diff
changeset
|
2190 @inforef{Regexp Backslash, Regexp Backslash, emacs}. |
25474 | 2191 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2192 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators |
25474 | 2193 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is |
2194 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)} | |
2195 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}. | |
2196 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2197 Note the doubled backslashes! |
25474 | 2198 |
2199 @itemize @bullet | |
2200 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2201 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2202 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2203 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2204 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the |
25474 | 2205 characters not to match. |
2206 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2207 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2208 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not |
25474 | 2209 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This |
2210 is actually typical for regexp syntax.) | |
2211 | |
2212 @end itemize | |
2213 | |
2214 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests | |
2215 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
2216 @cindex Replacing strings across files | |
2217 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across | |
2218 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple | |
2219 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2220 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command |
25474 | 2221 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2222 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, |
25474 | 2223 emacs}. |
2224 | |
2225 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x | |
2226 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows | |
2227 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files. | |
2228 | |
2229 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2230 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2231 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2232 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2233 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2234 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2235 @code{emacs} man page. |
25474 | 2236 |
2237 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, | |
2238 @samp{etags -H}. | |
2239 | |
2240 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests | |
2241 @section How do I disable backup files? | |
2242 @cindex Backups, disabling | |
2243 @cindex Disabling backups | |
2244 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2245 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2246 when something goes wrong. |
25474 | 2247 |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2248 To avoid seeing backup files (and other ``uninteresting'' files) in Dired, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2249 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2250 |
2251 @lisp | |
2252 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2253 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2254 (load "dired-x"))) |
25474 | 2255 @end lisp |
2256 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2257 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer. |
25474 | 2258 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
2259 following in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2260 | |
2261 @lisp | |
30692
b2cc8b3e837e
(Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30009
diff
changeset
|
2262 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle) |
25474 | 2263 @end lisp |
2264 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2265 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2266 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2267 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2268 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2269 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2270 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, , |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2271 emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2272 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2273 @cindex Backup files in a single directory |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2274 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2275 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2276 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2277 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2278 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2279 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}. |
25474 | 2280 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2281 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests |
25474 | 2282 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}? |
2283 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode} | |
2284 @cindex Auto-saving | |
2285 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals | |
2286 | |
2287 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, | |
2288 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a | |
2289 document. | |
2290 | |
2291 Instead, you might want to change the variable | |
2292 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs | |
2293 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait | |
2294 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less. | |
2295 | |
2296 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save} | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2297 package (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). This |
25474 | 2298 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, |
2299 such as @file{/tmp}. | |
2300 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2301 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2302 Save, , emacs}. |
25474 | 2303 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2304 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2305 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2306 @cindex Going to a line by number |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2307 @cindex Compilation error messages |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2308 @cindex Recompilation |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2309 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2310 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2311 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2312 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2313 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2314 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2315 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2316 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2317 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2318 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2319 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2320 in that message. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2321 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2322 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2323 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2324 and go to that line. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2325 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2326 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2327 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2328 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2329 buffer. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2330 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2331 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2332 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs} |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2333 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}: |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2334 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2335 @lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2336 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line) |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2337 @end lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2338 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2339 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2340 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests |
25474 | 2341 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
2342 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying | |
2343 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying | |
2344 @cindex Creating new menu options | |
2345 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus | |
2346 @cindex Menus and keymaps | |
2347 @cindex Keymaps and menus | |
2348 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2349 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2350 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the |
56279
b1ae5333057a
* ses.texi, viper.texi, search.texi, flymake.texi, faq.texi:
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents:
55201
diff
changeset
|
2351 mouse displays that keymap's non-@code{nil} contents in the form of a menu. |
25474 | 2352 |
2353 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2354 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2355 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
25474 | 2356 |
2357 @lisp | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2358 (define-key global-map |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2359 [menu-bar edit forward] |
25474 | 2360 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) |
2361 @end lisp | |
2362 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2363 @noindent |
25474 | 2364 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes |
2365 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map} | |
2366 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular | |
2367 mode. | |
2368 | |
2369 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2370 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2371 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}. |
25474 | 2372 |
2373 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will | |
2374 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be | |
2375 called when that menu option is invoked. | |
2376 | |
2377 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must | |
2378 define an entirely new keymap: | |
2379 | |
2380 @lisp | |
2381 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] | |
2382 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) | |
2383 @end lisp | |
2384 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2385 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2386 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2387 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2388 following code: |
25474 | 2389 |
2390 @lisp | |
2391 (define-key global-map | |
2392 [menu-bar words forward] | |
2393 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2394 @end lisp | |
2395 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2396 @noindent |
25474 | 2397 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
2398 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2399 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2400 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2401 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom. |
25474 | 2402 |
2403 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after}, | |
2404 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2405 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2406 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item: |
25474 | 2407 |
2408 @lisp | |
2409 (define-key-after | |
2410 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) | |
2411 [forward] | |
2412 '("Forward word" . forward-word) | |
2413 'undo) | |
2414 @end lisp | |
2415 | |
2416 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are | |
2417 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new | |
2418 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be | |
2419 defined. | |
2420 | |
2421 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate | |
2422 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument. | |
2423 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2424 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2425 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
2426 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
2427 this manual.) |
25474 | 2428 |
2429 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests | |
2430 @section How do I delete menus and menu options? | |
2431 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options | |
2432 @cindex Menus, deleting | |
2433 | |
2434 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2435 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down |
25474 | 2436 menus}), use: |
2437 | |
2438 @lisp | |
2439 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) | |
2440 @end lisp | |
2441 | |
2442 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2443 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2444 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2445 menus}), use: |
25474 | 2446 |
2447 @lisp | |
2448 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) | |
2449 @end lisp | |
2450 | |
2451 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests | |
2452 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting? | |
2453 @cindex Syntax highlighting | |
2454 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2455 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax | |
2456 @cindex Colorizing text | |
2457 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2458 | |
2459 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2460 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2461 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2462 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2463 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2464 a third. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2465 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2466 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated |
25474 | 2467 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
2468 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes | |
2469 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. | |
2470 | |
2471 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
2472 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}. | |
2473 | |
2474 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major | |
2475 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all | |
2476 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2477 | |
2478 @lisp | |
2479 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
2480 @end lisp | |
2481 | |
2482 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you | |
2483 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line | |
2484 in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2485 | |
2486 @lisp | |
2487 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
2488 @end lisp | |
2489 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2490 @noindent |
25474 | 2491 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for |
2492 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable | |
2493 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in | |
2494 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for | |
2495 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that | |
2496 particular buffer. | |
2497 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2498 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2499 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2500 work around this. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2501 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2502 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2503 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2504 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2505 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2506 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2507 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2508 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2509 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2510 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2511 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2512 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2513 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2514 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2515 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To |
25474 | 2516 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
2517 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a | |
2518 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a | |
2519 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest | |
2520 possible look, then, include the line | |
2521 | |
2522 @lisp | |
2523 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) | |
2524 @end lisp | |
2525 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2526 @noindent |
25474 | 2527 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that |
2528 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more | |
2529 information, see the documentation for | |
2530 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x | |
2531 describe-variable @key{RET}}). | |
2532 | |
2533 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode}, | |
2534 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x | |
2535 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}). | |
2536 | |
2537 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the | |
2538 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by | |
2539 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at | |
2540 | |
2541 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui} | |
2542 | |
2543 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use | |
2544 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2545 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2546 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2547 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2548 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details. |
25474 | 2549 |
2550 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests | |
2551 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen? | |
2552 @cindex Scrolling only one line | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
2553 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrolling |
25474 | 2554 |
2555 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2556 | |
2557 @lisp | |
2558 (setq scroll-step 1) | |
2559 @end lisp | |
2560 | |
2561 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}. | |
2562 | |
2563 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests | |
2564 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? | |
2565 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode} | |
2566 @cindex Replacing highlighted text | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
2567 @cindex Highlighting and replacing text |
25474 | 2568 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2569 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by |
25474 | 2570 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: |
2571 | |
2572 @lisp | |
2573 (delete-selection-mode t) | |
2574 @end lisp | |
2575 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2576 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2577 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET} |
25474 | 2578 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}): |
2579 | |
2580 @quotation | |
2581 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. | |
2582 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. | |
2583 @end quotation | |
2584 | |
2585 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by | |
2586 pressing @key{DEL}. | |
2587 | |
2588 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests | |
2589 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs? | |
2590 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files | |
2591 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing | |
2592 @cindex Microsoft files, editing | |
2593 @cindex Windows files, editing | |
2594 | |
2595 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2596 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system, |
25474 | 2597 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format. |
2598 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2599 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2600 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2601 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2602 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2603 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2604 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2605 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++} |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
2606 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Among other things, |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2607 @code{crypt++} transparently modifies MS-DOS files as they are loaded |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2608 and saved, allowing you to ignore the different conventions that Unix |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2609 and MS-DOS have for delineating the end of a line. |
25474 | 2610 |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2611 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests |
25474 | 2612 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period? |
2613 @cindex One space following periods | |
2614 @cindex Single space following periods | |
2615 @cindex Periods, one space following | |
2616 | |
2617 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the | |
2618 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2619 | |
2620 @lisp | |
2621 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*") | |
2622 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) | |
2623 @end lisp | |
2624 | |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2625 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests |
46655 | 2626 @section Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell mode? |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2627 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2628 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2629 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2630 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2631 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this: |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2632 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2633 @itemize @bullet |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2634 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2635 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2636 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2637 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2638 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2639 interactive sessions. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2640 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2641 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2642 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2643 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2644 @end itemize |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2645 |
25474 | 2646 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
2647 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top | |
2648 @chapter Bugs and problems | |
2649 @cindex Bugs and problems | |
2650 | |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2651 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2652 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2653 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2654 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug, |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2655 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2656 instructions how to do that. |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2657 |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2658 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2659 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms; |
54478 | 2660 type @kbd{C-h C-e} to read it. |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2661 |
25474 | 2662 @menu |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2663 * Problems with very large files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2664 * ^M in the shell buffer:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2665 * Shell process exits abnormally:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2666 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2667 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2668 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2669 * Problems talking to certain hosts:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2670 * Errors with init files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2671 * Emacs ignores X resources:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2672 * Emacs ignores frame parameters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2673 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2674 * Editing files with $ in the name:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2675 * Shell mode loses the current directory:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2676 * Security risks with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2677 * Dired claims that no file is on this line:: |
25474 | 2678 @end menu |
2679 | |
2680 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems | |
2681 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
2682 @cindex Very large files, opening | |
2683 @cindex Large files, opening | |
2684 @cindex Opening very large files | |
2685 @cindex Maximum file size | |
2686 @cindex Files, maximum size | |
2687 | |
2688 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing | |
2689 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2690 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2691 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2692 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2693 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2694 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2695 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2696 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2697 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2698 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): |
25474 | 2699 |
2700 @example | |
2701 #define VALBITS 26 | |
2702 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
2703 @end example | |
2704 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2705 @noindent |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2706 This method may result in ``ILLEGAL DATATYPE'' and other random errors on |
25474 | 2707 some machines. |
2708 | |
2709 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this | |
2710 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29 | |
2711 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions. | |
2712 | |
2713 @quotation | |
2714 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
2715 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
2716 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2717 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2718 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2719 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the |
25474 | 2720 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So |
2721 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C | |
2722 integers and pointers. | |
2723 @end quotation | |
2724 | |
2725 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems | |
2726 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer? | |
2727 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in | |
2728 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode} | |
2729 | |
2730 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to | |
2731 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
2732 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2733 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2734 file: |
25474 | 2735 |
2736 @example | |
2737 if ($?EMACS) then | |
2738 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
2739 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
2740 stty nl | |
2741 endif | |
2742 endif | |
2743 @end example | |
2744 | |
2745 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file: | |
2746 | |
2747 @example | |
2748 unset edit | |
2749 stty nl | |
2750 @end example | |
2751 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2752 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2753 @code{tcsh}. One way is: |
25474 | 2754 |
2755 @lisp | |
2756 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
2757 @end lisp | |
2758 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2759 @noindent |
25474 | 2760 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
2761 file: | |
2762 | |
2763 @example | |
2764 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
2765 @end example | |
2766 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2767 @noindent |
25474 | 2768 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
2769 set for this to take effect.) | |
2770 | |
2771 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp | |
2772 with the following Lisp form, | |
2773 | |
2774 @lisp | |
2775 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") | |
2776 @end lisp | |
2777 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2778 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2779 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2780 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2781 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2782 file: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2783 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2784 @smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2785 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2786 @end smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2787 |
25474 | 2788 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
2789 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell | |
2790 start-up file: | |
2791 | |
2792 @example | |
2793 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z | |
2794 @end example | |
2795 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2796 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2797 @section Why do I get ``Process shell exited abnormally with code 1''? |
25474 | 2798 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode} |
2799 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2800 @cindex Process shell exited |
25474 | 2801 |
2802 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program | |
2803 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, | |
2804 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent | |
2805 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your | |
2806 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by | |
2807 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.) | |
2808 | |
2809 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path | |
2810 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't | |
2811 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general | |
2812 solution for working around the problem in this case. | |
2813 | |
2814 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital | |
2815 programs, so be careful when using it. | |
2816 | |
2817 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
2818 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the | |
2819 xterm was later terminated. | |
2820 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2821 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2822 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2823 possible causes of this message. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2824 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2825 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2826 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2827 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2828 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2829 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2830 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2831 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2832 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2833 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2834 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2835 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2836 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2837 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe") |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2838 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2839 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2840 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2841 command; if that works, put the following line into your |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2842 @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2843 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2844 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2845 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2846 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2847 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2848 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2849 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2850 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2851 the problems in those cases. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2852 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2853 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2854 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type @samp{emacs}? |
25474 | 2855 @cindex Termcap |
2856 @cindex Terminfo | |
2857 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo | |
2858 | |
2859 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in | |
2860 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in | |
2861 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an | |
2862 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a | |
2863 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}: | |
2864 | |
2865 @example | |
2866 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
2867 @end example | |
2868 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2869 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2870 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2871 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2872 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. |
25474 | 2873 |
2874 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
2875 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that | |
2876 instead. | |
2877 | |
2878 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2879 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2880 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2881 @file{.cshrc} files: |
25474 | 2882 |
2883 @example | |
2884 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
2885 @end example | |
2886 | |
2887 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2888 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying @samp{I-search:} and beeping? |
25474 | 2889 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode |
2890 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into | |
2891 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason | |
2892 | |
2893 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
2894 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving | |
2895 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s} | |
2896 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2897 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}. |
25474 | 2898 |
2899 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems | |
2900 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
2901 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to | |
2902 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version | |
2903 | |
2904 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
2905 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2906 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2907 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2908 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}. |
25474 | 2909 |
2910 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
2911 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library | |
2912 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the | |
2913 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in | |
2914 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V | |
2915 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works, | |
2916 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). | |
2917 Other operating systems have similar problems. | |
2918 | |
2919 Try these options: | |
2920 | |
2921 @itemize @bullet | |
2922 | |
2923 @item | |
2924 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}. | |
2925 | |
2926 @item | |
2927 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}: | |
2928 | |
2929 @example | |
2930 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
2931 @end example | |
2932 | |
2933 @item | |
2934 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more | |
2935 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink | |
2936 Emacs. | |
2937 | |
2938 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2939 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2940 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
25474 | 2941 |
2942 @end itemize | |
2943 | |
2944 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2945 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Error in init file}? |
25474 | 2946 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs} |
2947 @cindex Error in init file | |
2948 @cindex Init file, errors in | |
2949 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in | |
2950 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
2951 | |
2952 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2953 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2954 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2955 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2956 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2957 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2958 @ref{Debugging a customization file}. |
25474 | 2959 |
2960 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a | |
2961 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case | |
2962 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has | |
2963 begun}. | |
2964 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2965 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2966 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
2967 @cindex X resources being ignored | |
2968 @cindex Ignored X resources | |
2969 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults} | |
2970 | |
2971 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified | |
2972 by the following environment variables: | |
2973 | |
2974 @itemize @bullet | |
2975 | |
2976 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} | |
2977 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2978 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR} |
25474 | 2979 |
2980 @end itemize | |
2981 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2982 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2983 Xt toolkit. |
25474 | 2984 |
2985 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list | |
2986 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list | |
2987 of directory names separated by colons. | |
2988 | |
2989 Emacs searches for X resources: | |
2990 | |
2991 @enumerate | |
2992 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2993 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2994 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2995 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2996 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2997 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable, |
25474 | 2998 |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2999 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 3000 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3001 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3002 or if that is unset, in the file named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3003 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3004 the name of the machine Emacs is running on), |
25474 | 3005 |
3006 @end itemize | |
3007 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3008 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3009 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3010 by the server, |
25474 | 3011 |
3012 @itemize @minus | |
3013 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3014 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3015 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3016 if it exists, |
25474 | 3017 |
3018 @end itemize | |
3019 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3020 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3021 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}, |
25474 | 3022 |
3023 @itemize @minus | |
3024 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3025 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3026 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3027 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3028 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3029 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3030 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3031 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3032 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3033 is set), |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3034 @item |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3035 or in @file{~/Emacs}, |
25474 | 3036 |
3037 @end itemize | |
3038 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3039 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3040 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}. |
25474 | 3041 |
3042 @end enumerate | |
3043 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3044 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3045 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3046 @cindex Frame parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3047 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3048 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3049 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3050 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3051 the parameters of all frames, change the variable |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3052 @code{default-frame-alist} instead. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3053 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3054 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3055 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3056 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3057 other frames by individually positioning each one of them. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3058 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3059 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3060 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3061 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
3062 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time | |
3063 @cindex Delay when visiting files | |
3064 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit | |
3065 | |
3066 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3067 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has |
25474 | 3068 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
3069 | |
3070 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug | |
3071 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This | |
3072 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work | |
3073 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with | |
3074 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined. | |
3075 | |
3076 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems | |
3077 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name? | |
3078 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3079 @cindex @samp{$} in file names |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3080 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3081 |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3082 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
25474 | 3083 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress |
3084 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead. | |
3085 | |
3086 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems | |
3087 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
3088 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode} | |
3089 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory | |
3090 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode} | |
3091 | |
3092 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its | |
3093 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3094 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3095 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3096 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3097 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3098 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3099 to handle this problem (@pxref{Finding a package with particular |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3100 functionality}). |
25474 | 3101 |
3102 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command | |
3103 @kbd{M-x dirs}. | |
3104 | |
3105 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems | |
3106 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs? | |
3107 @cindex Security with Emacs | |
3108 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security | |
3109 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security | |
3110 @cindex Synthetic X events and security | |
3111 @cindex X events and security | |
3112 | |
3113 @itemize @bullet | |
3114 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3115 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3116 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3117 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3118 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3119 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail} |
25474 | 3120 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your |
3121 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3122 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been |
25474 | 3123 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could |
3124 get root privileges. | |
3125 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3126 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will |
25474 | 3127 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3128 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which |
25474 | 3129 should eliminate this particular risk. |
3130 | |
3131 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took | |
3132 advantage of this configuration problem. | |
3133 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3134 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3135 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3136 change.) |
25474 | 3137 |
3138 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
3139 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
3140 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
3141 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
3142 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
3143 feature. | |
3144 | |
3145 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by | |
56279
b1ae5333057a
* ses.texi, viper.texi, search.texi, flymake.texi, faq.texi:
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents:
55201
diff
changeset
|
3146 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
25474 | 3147 |
3148 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a | |
3149 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to | |
3150 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs | |
3151 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom | |
3152 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}. | |
3153 | |
3154 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}. | |
3155 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3156 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3157 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3158 better.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3159 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3160 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3161 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3162 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X |
25474 | 3163 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
3164 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. | |
3165 | |
3166 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
3167 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
3168 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3169 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using |
25474 | 3170 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior |
3171 authentication method; ask your system administrator. | |
3172 | |
3173 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
3174 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
3175 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
3176 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but | |
3177 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}. | |
3178 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3179 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3180 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to |
25474 | 3181 your X server, use |
3182 | |
3183 @example | |
3184 xhost + | |
3185 @end example | |
3186 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3187 @noindent |
25474 | 3188 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
3189 following message: | |
3190 | |
3191 @example | |
3192 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host | |
3193 @end example | |
3194 | |
3195 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly | |
3196 allowed by name), use | |
3197 | |
3198 @example | |
3199 xhost - | |
3200 @end example | |
3201 | |
3202 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: | |
3203 | |
3204 @example | |
3205 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect | |
3206 @end example | |
3207 | |
3208 @end itemize | |
3209 | |
3210 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3211 @section Dired says, @samp{no file on this line} when I try to do something. |
25474 | 3212 @cindex Dired does not see a file |
3213 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3214 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3215 @c check. |
25474 | 3216 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US |
3217 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3218 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that |
25474 | 3219 come out. |
3220 | |
3221 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3222 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3223 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3224 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
25474 | 3225 |
3226 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3227 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3228 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information. |
25474 | 3229 |
3230 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by | |
3231 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}. | |
3232 | |
3233 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3234 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top | |
3235 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3236 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3237 | |
3238 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3239 * Installing Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3240 * Updating Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3241 * Problems building Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3242 * Linking with -lX11 fails:: |
25474 | 3243 @end menu |
3244 | |
3245 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3246 @section How do I install Emacs? | |
3247 @cindex Installing Emacs | |
3248 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on | |
3249 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs | |
3250 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs | |
3251 @cindex Building Emacs from source | |
3252 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from | |
3253 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs | |
3254 | |
3255 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of | |
3256 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning | |
3257 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3258 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems. |
25474 | 3259 |
3260 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it | |
3261 from scratch. You will need: | |
3262 | |
3263 @itemize @bullet | |
3264 | |
3265 @item | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3266 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites |
25474 | 3267 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3268 distribution site, sources are available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3269 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3270 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz} |
25474 | 3271 |
3272 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For | |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3273 instance, when Emacs 22.42 is released, it will most probably be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3274 available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3275 |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3276 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-22.42.tar.gz} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3277 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3278 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3279 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on |
25474 | 3280 @file{ftp.gnu.org}. |
3281 | |
3282 @item | |
3283 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via | |
3284 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile | |
3285 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have | |
3286 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress | |
3287 them with the command | |
3288 | |
3289 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3290 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3291 @end example |
3292 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3293 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3294 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3295 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3296 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory. |
25474 | 3297 |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3298 @item |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3299 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3300 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files |
25474 | 3301 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3302 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the |
25474 | 3303 extraction command would look like |
3304 | |
3305 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3306 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar |
25474 | 3307 @end example |
3308 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3309 @noindent |
25474 | 3310 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, |
3311 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3312 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3313 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3314 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of |
25474 | 3315 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by |
3316 using the command | |
3317 | |
3318 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3319 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3320 @end example |
3321 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3322 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3323 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3324 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3325 the tarfile's components. |
25474 | 3326 |
3327 @end itemize | |
3328 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3329 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3330 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3331 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3332 Window system support) with the following commands: |
25474 | 3333 |
3334 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3335 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3336 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3337 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs |
25474 | 3338 @end example |
3339 | |
3340 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3341 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't |
25474 | 3342 successful.) |
3343 | |
3344 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories: | |
3345 | |
3346 @table @file | |
3347 @item /usr/local/bin | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3348 binaries. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3349 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3350 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3351 Lisp code and support files. |
25474 | 3352 |
3353 @item /usr/local/info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3354 Info documentation. |
25474 | 3355 @end table |
3356 | |
3357 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and | |
3358 type | |
3359 | |
3360 @example | |
3361 make install | |
3362 @end example | |
3363 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3364 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} |
25474 | 3365 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}. |
3366 | |
3367 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) | |
3368 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}. | |
3369 | |
3370 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3371 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version? | |
3372 @cindex Updating Emacs | |
3373 | |
3374 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for | |
3375 installation. | |
3376 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3377 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3378 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3379 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}. |
25474 | 3380 |
3381 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs | |
3382 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these | |
3383 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. | |
3384 | |
3385 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3386 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
3387 @cindex Problems building Emacs | |
3388 @cindex Errors when building Emacs | |
3389 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3390 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3391 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3392 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3393 installation and compilation problems. |
25474 | 3394 |
3395 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3396 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}. |
25474 | 3397 |
3398 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to | |
3399 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. | |
3400 | |
37806 | 3401 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3402 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3403 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}. |
25474 | 3404 |
3405 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3406 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
3407 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails | |
3408 @cindex lX11, linking fails with | |
3409 | |
3410 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
3411 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing. | |
3412 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3413 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3414 ``OpenWindows Programmers'' optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
25474 | 3415 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3416 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3417 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3418 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3419 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.'' |
25474 | 3420 |
3421 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared | |
3422 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that | |
3423 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3424 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3425 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3426 @file{site.cf}: |
25474 | 3427 |
3428 @example | |
3429 #define ForceNormalLib YES | |
3430 @end example | |
3431 | |
3432 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3433 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3434 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3435 @cindex X Menus don't work |
25474 | 3436 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
3437 @file{liboldX.a}. | |
3438 | |
3439 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3440 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top | |
3441 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3442 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3443 | |
3444 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3445 * Finding Emacs on the Internet:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3446 * Finding a package with particular functionality:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3447 * Packages that do not come with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3448 * Current GNU distributions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3449 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3450 * Emacs for MS-DOS:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3451 * Emacs for Windows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3452 * Emacs for OS/2:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3453 * Emacs for Atari ST:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3454 * Emacs for the Amiga :: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3455 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3456 * Emacs for Apple computers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3457 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3458 * Modes for various languages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3459 * Translating names to IP addresses:: |
25474 | 3460 @end menu |
3461 | |
3462 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3463 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
3464 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet | |
3465 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via | |
3466 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3467 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
3468 @cindex Internet, retrieving from |
25474 | 3469 |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3470 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for |
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3471 information on nearby archive sites. If you don't already have Emacs, |
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3472 see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how to get these files. |
25474 | 3473 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3474 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3475 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of |
25474 | 3476 archive sites that make GNU software available. |
3477 | |
3478 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3479 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
3480 @cindex Package, finding | |
3481 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3482 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package |
25474 | 3483 |
3484 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't | |
3485 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET} | |
3486 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the | |
3487 string @samp{wordstar}. | |
3488 | |
3489 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been | |
3490 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3491 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp |
36344
6c3540ec3c12
(Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36301
diff
changeset
|
3492 source to most packages contains a short description of how they |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3493 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or |
25474 | 3494 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the |
3495 source code. | |
3496 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3497 The command @kbd{C-h p} (@code{finder-by-keyword}) allows you to browse |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3498 the constituent Emacs packages. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3499 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3500 For advice on how to find extra packages that are not part of Emacs, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3501 see @ref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3502 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3503 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Current GNU distributions, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages |
25474 | 3504 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? |
3505 @cindex Unbundled packages | |
3506 @cindex Finding other packages | |
3507 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs | |
3508 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3509 @cindex Emacs Lisp List |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3510 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3511 |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3512 @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.html, The Emacs Lisp |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3513 List (ELL)}, maintained by @email{stephen@@anc.ed.ac.uk, Stephen Eglen}, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3514 aims to provide one compact list with links to all of the current Emacs |
55201 | 3515 Lisp files on the internet. The ELL can be browsed over the web, or |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3516 from Emacs with @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.el, |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3517 the @file{ell} package}. |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3518 |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3519 Many authors post their packages to the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.sources, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3520 Emacs sources newsgroup}. You can search the archives of this |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3521 group with @uref{http://groups.google.com, Google}, for example. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3522 |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3523 Several packages are stored in |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3524 @uref{http://emacswiki.org/elisp/, the Lisp area of the Emacs Wiki}. |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3525 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3526 For a long time, the Emacs Lisp Archive provided a central repository |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3527 for Emacs packages. Sadly, it has not been active for some time, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3528 although you can still access the old files at |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3529 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3530 @uref{ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/WWW/index.html} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3531 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3532 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
25474 | 3533 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? |
3534 @cindex Current GNU distributions | |
3535 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions | |
3536 @cindex Stuff, current GNU | |
3537 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff | |
3538 @cindex Finding current GNU software | |
3539 @cindex Official GNU software sites | |
3540 | |
3541 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at | |
3542 | |
3543 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu} | |
3544 | |
3545 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more | |
3546 information. | |
3547 | |
3548 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at | |
3549 | |
3550 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html} | |
3551 | |
3552 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3553 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly Lucid Emacs)? |
25474 | 3554 @cindex XEmacs |
3555 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs | |
3556 @cindex Lucid Emacs | |
3557 @cindex Epoch | |
3558 | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3559 XEmacs is a branch version of Emacs. It was first called Lucid Emacs, |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3560 and was initially derived from a prerelease version of Emacs 19. In |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3561 this FAQ, we use the name ``Emacs'' only for the official version. |
56795
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3562 |
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3563 Emacs and XEmacs each come with Lisp packages that are lacking in the |
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3564 other. The two versions have some significant differences at the Lisp |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3565 programming level. Their current features are roughly comparable, |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3566 though the support for some operating systems, character sets and |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3567 specific packages might be quite different. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3568 |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3569 Some XEmacs code has been contributed to Emacs, and we would like to |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3570 use other parts, but the earlier XEmacs maintainers did not always |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3571 keep track of the authors of contributed code, which makes it |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3572 impossible for the FSF to get copyright papers signed for that code. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3573 (The FSF requires these papers for all the code included in the Emacs |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3574 release, aside from generic C support packages that retain their |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3575 separate identity and are not integrated into the code of Emacs |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3576 proper.) |
56802
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3577 |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3578 If you want to talk about these two versions and distinguish them, |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3579 please call them ``Emacs'' and ``XEmacs.'' To contrast ``XEmacs'' |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3580 with ``GNU Emacs'' would be misleading, since XEmacs too has its |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3581 origin in the work of the GNU Project. Terms such as ``Emacsen'' and |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3582 ``(X)Emacs'' are not wrong, but they are not very clear, so it |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3583 is better to write ``Emacs and XEmacs.'' |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3584 |
25474 | 3585 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3586 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
3587 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for | |
3588 @cindex DOS, Emacs for | |
3589 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS | |
3590 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS | |
3591 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS | |
3592 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3593 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3594 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3595 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3596 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3597 from |
25474 | 3598 |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3599 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/emacs.README} |
25474 | 3600 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3601 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the |
25474 | 3602 directory |
3603 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3604 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/} |
25474 | 3605 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3606 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3607 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3608 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3609 @email{eliz@@gnu.org, Eli Zaretskii} and |
25474 | 3610 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the |
3611 following: | |
3612 | |
3613 @table @emph | |
3614 | |
3615 @item Compiler | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3616 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3617 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3618 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3619 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3620 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of |
25474 | 3621 the files in |
3622 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3623 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2*} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3624 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3625 @item Unpacking program |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3626 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x, |
25474 | 3627 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3628 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3629 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3630 number), from the URL mentioned above. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3631 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3632 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3633 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3634 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3635 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3636 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3637 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully! |
25474 | 3638 |
3639 @item make, mv, sed, and rm | |
3640 All of these utilities are available at | |
3641 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3642 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu} |
25474 | 3643 |
3644 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at | |
3645 | |
48785 | 3646 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnuish/} |
25474 | 3647 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3648 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3649 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3650 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3651 |
25474 | 3652 @end table |
3653 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3654 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3655 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3656 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. |
25474 | 3657 |
3658 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3659 look-alikes), consult the list of ``Emacs implementations and literature,'' |
25474 | 3660 available at |
3661 | |
3662 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} | |
3663 | |
3664 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often | |
3665 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
3666 | |
3667 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3668 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows | |
3669 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3670 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows |
25474 | 3671 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3672 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for |
25474 | 3673 |
3674 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by | |
3675 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at | |
3676 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3677 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3678 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3679 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1. |
25474 | 3680 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3681 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3682 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3683 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3684 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3685 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3686 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3687 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3688 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3689 |
25474 | 3690 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3691 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
3692 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for | |
3693 | |
35061
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3694 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3695 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3696 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3697 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3698 @noindent |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3699 and also at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3700 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3701 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3702 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3703 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3704 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3705 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3706 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html} |
25474 | 3707 |
3708 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3709 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
3710 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for | |
3711 @cindex TOS, Emacs for | |
3712 | |
3713 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT | |
3714 is available at | |
3715 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}. | |
3716 | |
3717 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3718 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
3719 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for | |
3720 | |
3721 The files you need are available at | |
3722 | |
3723 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/} | |
3724 | |
3725 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a | |
3726 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at | |
3727 | |
3728 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha} | |
3729 | |
3730 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3731 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? | |
3732 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for | |
3733 | |
3734 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, | |
3735 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from | |
3736 | |
3737 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz} | |
3738 | |
3739 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3740 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
3741 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3742 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for |
25474 | 3743 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3744 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3745 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3746 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3747 |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3748 Apple's ``OS X'' is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3749 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version. |
25474 | 3750 |
3751 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3752 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
3753 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for | |
3754 @cindex VMS, Emacs for | |
3755 | |
3756 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is | |
3757 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}. | |
3758 | |
3759 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3760 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
25474 | 3761 @cindex Awk, mode for |
3762 @cindex @code{awk-mode} | |
3763 @cindex Bison, mode for | |
3764 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3765 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for |
25474 | 3766 @cindex Java, mode for |
3767 @cindex Lex mode | |
3768 @cindex Objective-C, mode for | |
3769 @cindex @code{pascal-mode} | |
3770 @cindex Shell mode | |
3771 @cindex Yacc mode | |
3772 @cindex @file{csh} mode | |
3773 @cindex @code{sh-mode} | |
3774 @cindex @code{cc-mode} | |
3775 | |
3776 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3777 To get additional modes, see @ref{Finding a package with particular |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3778 functionality}. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3779 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3780 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3781 Java code. It is distributed with Emacs, but has |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3782 @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/, its own homepage}. |
25474 | 3783 |
3784 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3785 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
3786 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses | |
3787 @cindex IP addresses from names | |
3788 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses | |
3789 @cindex DNS and IP addresses | |
3790 | |
3791 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command, | |
3792 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP | |
3793 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup | |
3794 ftp.gnu.org}. | |
3795 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3796 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine. |
25474 | 3797 |
3798 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3799 files. You can get this information by e-mail: |
25474 | 3800 |
3801 @example | |
3802 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr) | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3803 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3804 and options - no quotes) |
25474 | 3805 @end example |
3806 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3807 @noindent |
25474 | 3808 or: |
3809 | |
3810 @example | |
3811 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu) | |
3812 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
3813 @end example | |
3814 | |
3815 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3816 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top | |
3817 @chapter Major packages and programs | |
3818 @cindex Major packages and programs | |
3819 | |
3820 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3821 * VM:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3822 * Supercite:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3823 * Calc:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3824 * VIPER:: |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3825 * AUCTeX:: |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3826 * BBDB:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3827 * Ispell:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3828 * w3-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3829 * EDB:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3830 * Mailcrypt:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3831 * JDE:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3832 * Patch:: |
25474 | 3833 @end menu |
3834 | |
3835 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs | |
3836 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support | |
3837 @cindex VM | |
3838 @cindex Alternative mail software | |
3839 @cindex View Mail | |
3840 @cindex E-mail reader, VM | |
3841 | |
3842 @table @b | |
3843 | |
3844 @item Author | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3845 @email{kyle_jones@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} |
25474 | 3846 |
3847 @item Latest version | |
50954 | 3848 7.15 |
25474 | 3849 |
3850 @item Distribution | |
3851 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz} | |
3852 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3853 @item Informational newsgroup |
25474 | 3854 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@* |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3855 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3856 @item Bug reports newsgroup |
25474 | 3857 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@* |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3858 Or send reports to @email{bug-vm@@wonderworks.com} |
25474 | 3859 @end table |
3860 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3861 VM 7 works well with Emacs 21. Older versions of VM suitable for use |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3862 with older versions of Emacs are available from |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3863 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP site}. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3864 |
25474 | 3865 |
3866 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs | |
3867 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
3868 @cindex Supercite | |
3869 @cindex Superyank | |
3870 @cindex Mail and news citations | |
3871 @cindex News and mail citations | |
3872 @cindex Citations in mail and news | |
3873 | |
3874 @table @b | |
3875 | |
3876 @item Author | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3877 @email{barry@@python.org, Barry Warsaw} |
25474 | 3878 |
3879 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3880 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs since version 20) |
25474 | 3881 |
3882 @item Distribution | |
3883 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz} | |
3884 | |
3885 @item Mailing list | |
3886 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@* | |
3887 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org} | |
3888 | |
3889 @end table | |
3890 | |
3891 Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
3892 | |
3893 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs | |
3894 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
3895 @cindex Programmable calculator | |
3896 @cindex Calc | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3897 @cindex Mathematical package |
25474 | 3898 |
3899 @table @b | |
3900 | |
3901 @item Author | |
3902 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie} | |
3903 | |
3904 @item Latest version | |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3905 2.02g (part of Emacs since version 22.1) |
25474 | 3906 |
3907 @item Distribution | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3908 No separate distribution outside of Emacs. Older versions |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3909 are available at @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/}. |
25474 | 3910 |
3911 @end table | |
3912 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3913 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3914 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3915 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3916 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3917 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3918 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3919 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3920 |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3921 @node VIPER, AUCTeX, Calc, Major packages and programs |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3922 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3923 @cindex @code{vi} emulation |
25474 | 3924 @cindex VIPER |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3925 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3926 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3927 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER |
25474 | 3928 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3929 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3930 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3931 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways. |
25474 | 3932 |
3933 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally | |
3934 better than the one distributed with Emacs: | |
3935 | |
3936 @table @b | |
3937 @item Author | |
3938 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane} | |
3939 | |
3940 @item Latest version | |
3941 4.3 | |
3942 | |
3943 @item Distribution | |
48785 | 3944 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/old-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z} |
25474 | 3945 |
3946 @end table | |
3947 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3948 @node AUCTeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3949 @section AUC@TeX{} --- enhanced @TeX{} modes with debugging facilities |
25474 | 3950 @cindex Mode for @TeX{} |
3951 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3952 @cindex AUC@TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} |
25474 | 3953 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{} |
3954 | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3955 AUC@TeX{} is a set of sophisticated major modes for @TeX{}, LaTeX, |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3956 ConTeXt, and Texinfo offering context-sensitive syntax highlighting, |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3957 indentation, formatting and folding, macro completion, @TeX{} shell |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3958 functionality, and debugging. Some important supplemental packages are |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3959 described in @ref{Introduction, RefTeX, Introduction, reftex, Ref@TeX{} |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3960 User Manual}, and |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3961 @uref{http://preview-latex.sourceforge.net,preview-latex}. |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3962 |
25474 | 3963 @table @b |
3964 | |
3965 @item Authors | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3966 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup}, @* |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3967 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}, @* and others. |
25474 | 3968 |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3969 @item Maintainer |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3970 @email{dak@@gnu.org, David Kastrup} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3971 |
25474 | 3972 @item Latest version |
59713 | 3973 11.54 |
25474 | 3974 |
3975 @item Distribution | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3976 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/auctex/} |
25474 | 3977 |
3978 @item Web site | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3979 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/} |
25474 | 3980 |
3981 @item Mailing list: | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3982 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-subscribe@@sunsite.dk}@* |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3983 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@sunsite.dk} |
25474 | 3984 |
3985 @end table | |
3986 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3987 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUCTeX, Major packages and programs |
25474 | 3988 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers |
3989 @cindex BBDB | |
3990 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality | |
3991 @cindex Integrated contact database | |
3992 @cindex Contact database | |
3993 @cindex Big Brother Database | |
3994 @cindex Address book | |
3995 | |
3996 @table @b | |
3997 | |
3998 @item Maintainer | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3999 @email{waider@@waider.ie, Ronan Waide} |
25474 | 4000 |
4001 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4002 2.34 |
25474 | 4003 |
4004 @item Distribution | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4005 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/} |
25474 | 4006 |
4007 @item Mailing lists | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4008 Subscription requests to @email{bbdb-info-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}@* |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4009 Submissions to @email{bbdb-info@@lists.sourceforge.net}@* |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4010 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@lists.sourceforge.net} |
25474 | 4011 |
4012 @end table | |
4013 | |
4014 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs | |
4015 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
4016 @cindex Spell-checker | |
4017 @cindex Checking spelling | |
4018 @cindex Ispell | |
4019 | |
4020 @table @b | |
4021 | |
4022 @item Author | |
4023 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning} | |
4024 | |
4025 @item Latest version | |
4026 3.1.20 | |
4027 | |
4028 @item Distribution | |
4029 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@* | |
4030 | |
4031 @item Web site | |
4032 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html} | |
4033 | |
4034 @end table | |
4035 | |
4036 @itemize @bullet | |
4037 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4038 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4039 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4040 have free e-mail. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4041 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4042 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4043 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4044 no longer a supported product. |
25474 | 4045 |
4046 @end itemize | |
4047 | |
4048 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs | |
4049 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs | |
4050 @cindex WWW browser | |
4051 @cindex Web browser | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4052 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs |
25474 | 4053 @cindex @code{w3-mode} |
4054 | |
4055 @table @b | |
4056 | |
4057 @item Author | |
4058 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry} | |
4059 | |
4060 @item Latest version | |
4061 4.0pre.39 | |
4062 | |
4063 @item Distribution | |
4064 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz} | |
4065 | |
4066 @item Mailing lists | |
4067 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4068 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4069 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu} | |
4070 | |
4071 @end table | |
4072 | |
4073 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs | |
4074 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes | |
4075 @cindex EDB | |
4076 @cindex Database | |
4077 @cindex Forms mode | |
4078 | |
4079 @table @b | |
4080 @item Author | |
4081 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst} | |
4082 | |
4083 @item Latest version | |
4084 1.21 | |
4085 | |
4086 @item Distribution | |
4087 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb} | |
4088 | |
4089 @end table | |
4090 | |
4091 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs | |
4092 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news | |
4093 @cindex PGP | |
4094 @cindex GPG | |
4095 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news | |
4096 @cindex News, interface to PGP from | |
4097 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from | |
4098 @cindex Encryption software, interface to | |
4099 | |
4100 @table @b | |
4101 | |
4102 @item Authors | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4103 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4104 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi} |
25474 | 4105 |
4106 @item Maintainer | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4107 @email{warner-mailcrypt@@lothar.com, Brian Warner} |
25474 | 4108 |
4109 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4110 3.5.8 |
25474 | 4111 |
4112 @item Distribution | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4113 @uref{http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.8.tar.gz} |
25474 | 4114 |
4115 @item Web site | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4116 @uref{http://mailcrypt.sourceforge.net/} |
25474 | 4117 |
4118 @end table | |
4119 | |
4120 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs | |
4121 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java | |
4122 @cindex Java development environment | |
4123 @cindex Integrated Java development environment | |
4124 @cindex JDE | |
4125 | |
4126 @table @b | |
4127 | |
4128 @item Author | |
4129 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan} | |
4130 | |
4131 @item Mailing list | |
4132 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk | |
4133 | |
4134 @item Latest version | |
4135 2.1.1 | |
4136 | |
4137 @item Web site | |
4138 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/} | |
4139 | |
4140 @end table | |
4141 | |
4142 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4143 @section Patch --- program to apply ``diffs'' for updating files |
25474 | 4144 @cindex Updating files with diffs |
4145 @cindex Patching source files with diffs | |
4146 @cindex Diffs and patching | |
4147 @cindex @file{patch} | |
4148 | |
4149 @table @b | |
4150 | |
4151 @item Author | |
4152 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications) | |
4153 | |
4154 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4155 2.5.4 |
25474 | 4156 |
4157 @item Distribution | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4158 @xref{Current GNU distributions}. |
25474 | 4159 |
4160 @end table | |
4161 | |
4162 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4163 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top | |
4164 @chapter Key bindings | |
4165 @cindex Key bindings | |
4166 | |
4167 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4168 * Binding keys to commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4169 * Invalid prefix characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4170 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4171 * Using function keys under X:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4172 * Working with function and arrow keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4173 * X key translations for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4174 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4175 * Binding C-s and C-q:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4176 * Backspace invokes help:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4177 * stty and Backspace key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4178 * Swapping keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4179 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4180 * No Meta key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4181 * No Escape key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4182 * Compose Character:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4183 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4184 * Meta key does not work in xterm:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4185 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta:: |
25474 | 4186 @end menu |
4187 | |
4188 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings | |
4189 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
4190 @cindex Binding keys to commands | |
4191 @cindex Keys, binding to commands | |
4192 @cindex Commands, binding keys to | |
4193 | |
4194 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your | |
4195 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4196 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4197 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4198 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4199 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4200 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4201 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4202 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4203 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4204 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
25474 | 4205 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed |
4206 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your | |
4207 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the | |
4208 command are required. For example, | |
4209 | |
4210 @lisp | |
4211 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)) | |
4212 @end lisp | |
4213 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4214 @noindent |
25474 | 4215 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4216 local, the command is used in conjunction with the @samp{add-hook} function. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4217 For example, in TeX mode, a local binding might be |
25474 | 4218 |
4219 @lisp | |
4220 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4221 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4222 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)))) |
25474 | 4223 @end lisp |
4224 | |
4225 | |
4226 @itemize @bullet | |
4227 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4228 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4229 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4230 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4231 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4232 to convert these into their vector or string forms. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4233 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4234 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4235 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
25474 | 4236 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4237 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound: |
25474 | 4238 |
4239 @lisp | |
4240 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or | |
4241 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) | |
4242 @end lisp | |
4243 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4244 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4245 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also |
25474 | 4246 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
4247 | |
4248 @lisp | |
4249 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or | |
4250 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") | |
4251 @end lisp | |
4252 | |
4253 @end itemize | |
4254 | |
4255 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4256 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters}? |
25474 | 4257 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid |
4258 @cindex Invalid prefix characters | |
4259 @cindex Misspecified key sequences | |
4260 | |
4261 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control | |
4262 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f} | |
4263 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4264 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4265 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [} |
25474 | 4266 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either |
4267 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: | |
4268 | |
4269 @lisp | |
4270 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or | |
4271 (global-unset-key "\e[") | |
4272 @end lisp | |
4273 | |
4274 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings | |
4275 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? | |
4276 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs} | |
4277 | |
4278 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file | |
4279 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to | |
4280 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has | |
4281 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this | |
4282 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). | |
4283 | |
4284 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4285 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4286 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4287 variable to this lambda function. For example, |
25474 | 4288 |
4289 @lisp | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4290 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4291 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4292 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4293 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4294 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)))) |
25474 | 4295 @end lisp |
4296 | |
4297 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the | |
4298 @file{lisp/startup.el} file. | |
4299 | |
4300 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4301 @section How do I use function keys under X? |
25474 | 4302 @cindex Function keys |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4303 @cindex X Window System and function keys |
25474 | 4304 @cindex Binding function keys |
4305 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4306 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details. |
25474 | 4307 |
4308 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings | |
4309 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit? | |
4310 @cindex Working with arrow keys | |
4311 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by | |
4312 @cindex Working with function keys | |
4313 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by | |
4314 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys | |
4315 | |
4316 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will | |
4317 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the | |
4318 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other | |
4319 keys as well. | |
4320 | |
4321 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4322 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs? |
25474 | 4323 @cindex X key translations |
4324 @cindex Key translations under X | |
4325 @cindex Translations for keys under X | |
4326 | |
4327 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4328 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
25474 | 4329 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
4330 | |
4331 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4332 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The |
25474 | 4333 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the |
4334 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance, | |
4335 | |
4336 @lisp | |
4337 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t]) | |
4338 @end lisp | |
4339 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4340 @noindent |
25474 | 4341 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence. |
4342 | |
4343 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings | |
4344 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control? | |
4345 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with | |
4346 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control | |
4347 | |
4348 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4349 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4350 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4351 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4352 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4353 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4354 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}. |
25474 | 4355 |
4356 Possible solutions: | |
4357 | |
4358 @itemize @bullet | |
4359 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4360 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4361 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. |
25474 | 4362 |
4363 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. | |
4364 | |
4365 @itemize @minus | |
4366 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4367 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4368 your terminal |
25474 | 4369 |
4370 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
4371 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
4372 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4373 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This |
25474 | 4374 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
4375 | |
4376 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
4377 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
4378 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
4379 | |
4380 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
4381 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4382 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to |
25474 | 4383 include extra NUL padding characters. |
4384 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4385 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4386 a modem |
25474 | 4387 |
4388 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using | |
4389 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. | |
4390 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4391 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4392 a router or terminal server |
25474 | 4393 |
4394 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
4395 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
4396 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
4397 network experts for help with this. | |
4398 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4399 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4400 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4401 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4402 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4403 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4404 is not necessary. |
25474 | 4405 |
4406 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes: | |
4407 | |
4408 @quotation | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4409 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4410 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4411 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4412 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4413 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4414 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4415 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4416 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4417 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this. |
25474 | 4418 |
4419 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One | |
4420 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
4421 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
4422 @end quotation | |
4423 | |
4424 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems. | |
4425 | |
4426 @end itemize | |
4427 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4428 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4429 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
25474 | 4430 |
4431 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by | |
4432 evaluating the form | |
4433 | |
4434 @lisp | |
4435 (enable-flow-control) | |
4436 @end lisp | |
4437 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4438 @noindent |
25474 | 4439 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
4440 | |
4441 @lisp | |
4442 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") | |
4443 @end lisp | |
4444 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4445 @noindent |
25474 | 4446 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to |
4447 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s} | |
4448 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to | |
4449 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and | |
4450 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}). | |
4451 | |
4452 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your | |
4453 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the | |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4454 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file. |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4455 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4456 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.) |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4457 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4458 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4459 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4460 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're |
25474 | 4461 smart enough to move it to another name). |
4462 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4463 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4464 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4465 |
25474 | 4466 @end itemize |
4467 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4468 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4469 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution). |
25474 | 4470 |
4471 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings | |
4472 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out? | |
4473 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} | |
4474 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding | |
4475 | |
4476 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4477 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4478 control}, for usage and implementation details. |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4479 |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4480 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4481 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4482 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4483 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4484 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used. |
25474 | 4485 |
4486 @itemize @bullet | |
4487 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4488 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4489 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
25474 | 4490 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
4491 actually behaves. | |
4492 | |
4493 @end itemize | |
4494 | |
4495 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings | |
4496 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help? | |
4497 @cindex Backspace key invokes help | |
4498 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4499 @cindex DEL key does not delete |
25474 | 4500 |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4501 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates @acronym{ASCII} code 8. |
25474 | 4502 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes |
4503 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first | |
4504 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem | |
4505 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the | |
4506 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character. | |
4507 | |
4508 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
4509 | |
4510 @itemize @bullet | |
4511 | |
4512 @item | |
4513 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the | |
4514 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command | |
4515 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix | |
4516 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}: | |
4517 | |
4518 @example | |
4519 stty erase `^?' | |
4520 @end example | |
4521 | |
4522 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4523 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the |
25474 | 4524 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4525 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4526 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like |
25474 | 4527 @key{Delete}. There are several methods. |
4528 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4529 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 4530 @item |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4531 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g., |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4532 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4533 changed from a setup menu. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4534 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4535 @item |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4536 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4537 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key. |
25474 | 4538 |
4539 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4540 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4541 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4542 windowed displays, by customizing the option |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4543 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4544 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4545 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info. |
25474 | 4546 |
4547 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4548 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4549 Emacs: |
25474 | 4550 |
4551 @lisp | |
4552 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
4553 @end lisp | |
4554 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4555 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4556 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4557 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4558 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4559 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4560 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4561 default deletes forward: |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4562 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4563 @lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4564 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d) |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4565 @end lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4566 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4567 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}. |
25474 | 4568 |
4569 @item | |
4570 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h} | |
4571 instead: | |
4572 | |
4573 @lisp | |
4574 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
4575 | |
4576 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4577 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) |
25474 | 4578 @end lisp |
4579 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4580 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4581 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4582 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4583 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4584 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this |
42674 | 4585 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4586 above. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4587 |
25474 | 4588 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}. |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4589 @end itemize |
25474 | 4590 |
4591 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are | |
4592 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere. | |
4593 | |
4594 @end itemize | |
4595 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4596 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4597 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4598 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4599 |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4600 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4601 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4602 Manual}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4603 |
25474 | 4604 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings |
4605 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}? | |
4606 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs | |
4607 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty} | |
4608 @cindex Delete and @file{stty} | |
4609 | |
4610 Good question! | |
4611 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4612 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4613 @c probably worth putting that explanation here. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4614 |
25474 | 4615 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings |
4616 @section How do I swap two keys? | |
4617 @cindex Swapping keys | |
4618 @cindex Keys, swapping | |
4619 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate} | |
4620 | |
65032
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4621 You can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4622 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4623 into @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use |
25474 | 4624 |
4625 @lisp | |
4626 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL | |
4627 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. | |
4628 @end lisp | |
4629 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4630 @noindent |
25474 | 4631 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
4632 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the | |
4633 keymaps. | |
4634 | |
65032
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4635 However, in the specific case of @kbd{C-h} and @key{DEL}, you should |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4636 toggle @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode} instead of calling |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4637 @code{keyboard-translate}. @inforef{DEL Does Not Delete, DEL Does Not Delete, |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4638 emacs}. |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4639 |
25474 | 4640 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. |
4641 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but | |
4642 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every | |
4643 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations | |
4644 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are | |
4645 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard | |
4646 translation. | |
4647 | |
4648 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings | |
4649 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
4650 @cindex Producing control characters | |
4651 @cindex Generating control characters | |
4652 @cindex Control characters, generating | |
4653 | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4654 On terminals (but not under X), some common ``aliases'' are: |
25474 | 4655 |
4656 @table @asis | |
4657 | |
4658 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
4659 @kbd{C-@@} | |
4660 | |
4661 @item @kbd{C-6} | |
4662 @kbd{C-^} | |
4663 | |
4664 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--} | |
4665 @kbd{C-_} | |
4666 | |
4667 @item @kbd{C-4} | |
4668 @kbd{C-\} | |
4669 | |
4670 @item @kbd{C-5} | |
4671 @kbd{C-]} | |
4672 | |
4673 @item @kbd{C-/} | |
4674 @kbd{C-?} | |
4675 | |
4676 @end table | |
4677 | |
4678 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try | |
4679 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
4680 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the | |
4681 name of the command. | |
4682 | |
4683 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings | |
4684 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key? | |
4685 @cindex No @key{Meta} key | |
4686 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it | |
4687 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4688 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4689 |
25474 | 4690 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact, |
4691 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway | |
4692 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4693 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4694 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}. |
25474 | 4695 |
4696 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings | |
4697 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key? | |
4698 @cindex No Escape key | |
4699 @cindex Lacking an Escape key | |
4700 @cindex Escape key, lacking | |
4701 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4702 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send @acronym{ASCII} code 27 just like an |
25474 | 4703 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not |
4704 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11} | |
4705 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it: | |
4706 | |
4707 @lisp | |
4708 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals. | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4709 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) |
25474 | 4710 @end lisp |
4711 | |
4712 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings | |
4713 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key? | |
4714 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta} | |
4715 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for | |
4716 | |
4717 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain | |
4718 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4719 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4720 command. |
25474 | 4721 |
4722 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings | |
4723 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
4724 @cindex Modifiers and function keys | |
4725 @cindex Function keys and modifiers | |
4726 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys | |
4727 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4728 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4729 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4730 example (from the on-line documentation): |
25474 | 4731 |
4732 @lisp | |
4733 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) | |
4734 @end lisp | |
4735 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4736 @noindent |
25474 | 4737 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}. |
4738 | |
4739 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper}, | |
4740 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To | |
4741 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-}, | |
4742 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here | |
4743 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word: | |
4744 | |
4745 @lisp | |
4746 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) | |
4747 @end lisp | |
4748 | |
4749 @itemize @bullet | |
4750 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4751 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4752 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4753 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4754 terminals. Non-@acronym{ASCII} keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4755 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category. |
25474 | 4756 |
4757 @end itemize | |
4758 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4759 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions. |
25474 | 4760 |
4761 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4762 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4763 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm} |
25474 | 4764 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key |
4765 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4766 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4767 Support, emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4768 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4769 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4770 asking for further help: |
25474 | 4771 |
4772 @itemize @bullet | |
4773 | |
4774 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4775 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager. |
25474 | 4776 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the |
4777 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?) | |
4778 | |
4779 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4780 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to |
25474 | 4781 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
4782 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4783 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4784 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-@acronym{ASCII} character, put this in |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4785 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file: |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4786 |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4787 @example |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4788 XTerm*eightBitInput: false |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4789 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4790 @end example |
25474 | 4791 |
4792 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4793 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4794 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4795 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4796 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it. |
25474 | 4797 |
4798 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4799 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4800 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
25474 | 4801 of every character. |
4802 | |
4803 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4804 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
25474 | 4805 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps. |
4806 | |
4807 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4808 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when |
25474 | 4809 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it |
4810 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource | |
4811 specification will do this: | |
4812 | |
4813 @example | |
4814 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
4815 @end example | |
4816 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4817 @noindent |
25474 | 4818 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.) |
4819 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4820 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
25474 | 4821 |
4822 @example | |
4823 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
4824 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
4825 @end example | |
4826 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4827 @noindent |
25474 | 4828 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}. |
4829 | |
4830 @end itemize | |
4831 | |
4832 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings | |
4833 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x? | |
4834 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta} | |
4835 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4836 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key |
25474 | 4837 |
4838 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4839 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4840 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4841 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4842 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4843 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are: |
25474 | 4844 |
4845 @example | |
4846 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
4847 @end example | |
4848 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4849 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4850 @c solved? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4851 |
25474 | 4852 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be |
4853 undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
4854 | |
4855 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4856 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top | |
4857 @chapter Alternate character sets | |
4858 @cindex Alternate character sets | |
4859 | |
4860 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4861 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4862 * Inputting eight-bit characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4863 * Kanji and Chinese characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4864 * Right-to-left alphabets:: |
25474 | 4865 @end menu |
4866 | |
4867 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets | |
4868 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
4869 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters | |
4870 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying | |
4871 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4872 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
4873 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4874 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4875 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4876 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4877 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4878 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4879 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4880 terminal coding system automatically. |
25474 | 4881 |
4882 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
4883 @section How do I input eight-bit characters? | |
4884 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters | |
4885 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4886 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters |
25474 | 4887 |
28127 | 4888 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4889 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4890 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input |
28127 | 4891 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}. |
25474 | 4892 |
4893 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4894 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets? |
25474 | 4895 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs |
4896 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs | |
4897 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs | |
4898 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs | |
4899 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4900 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4901 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4902 to find and download the latest version of Emacs. |
25474 | 4903 |
4904 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets | |
4905 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
4906 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets | |
4907 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs | |
4908 @cindex Semitic alphabets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4909 @cindex Arabic alphabets |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4910 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4911 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4912 yet support right-to-left character entry and display. |
25474 | 4913 |
4914 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called | |
4915 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It | |
4916 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for | |
4917 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. | |
4918 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4919 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4920 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4921 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support. |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4922 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux. |
25474 | 4923 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4924 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew}; |
25474 | 4925 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
4926 | |
4927 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4928 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top | |
4929 @chapter Mail and news | |
4930 @cindex Mail and news | |
4931 | |
4932 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4933 * Changing the included text prefix:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4934 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4935 * Expanding aliases when sending mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4936 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4937 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4938 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4939 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4940 * Replying to the sender of a message:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4941 * MIME with Emacs mail packages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4942 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4943 * Reading news with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4944 * Gnus does not work with NNTP:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4945 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4946 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4947 * Starting Gnus faster:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4948 * Catching up in all newsgroups:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4949 * Killing based on nonstandard headers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4950 * Removing flashing messages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4951 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4952 * Gnus hangs for a long time:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4953 * Learning more about Gnus:: |
25474 | 4954 @end menu |
4955 | |
4956 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news | |
4957 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? | |
4958 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing | |
4959 @cindex Included text prefix, changing | |
4960 @cindex Setting the included text character | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4961 @cindex Quoting in mail messages |
25474 | 4962 |
4963 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable | |
4964 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. | |
4965 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}. | |
4966 | |
4967 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}. | |
4968 | |
4969 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to | |
4970 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an | |
4971 appropriate regexp. | |
4972 | |
4973 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news | |
4974 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
4975 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail | |
4976 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file | |
4977 @cindex Filing outgoing mail | |
4978 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail | |
4979 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically | |
4980 | |
4981 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the | |
4982 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by | |
4983 including an @samp{FCC} header. | |
4984 | |
4985 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to | |
4986 yourself by putting | |
4987 | |
4988 @lisp | |
4989 (setq mail-self-blind t) | |
4990 @end lisp | |
4991 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4992 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4993 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4994 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4995 file: |
25474 | 4996 |
4997 @lisp | |
4998 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) | |
4999 @end lisp | |
5000 | |
5001 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly | |
5002 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}. | |
5003 | |
5004 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your | |
5005 components file. | |
5006 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5007 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc} |
25474 | 5008 file. |
5009 | |
5010 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news | |
5011 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
5012 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail | |
5013 @cindex Mail alias expansion | |
5014 @cindex Sending mail with aliases | |
5015 | |
5016 @itemize @bullet | |
5017 | |
5018 @item | |
5019 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
5020 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses | |
5021 like this one: | |
5022 | |
5023 @example | |
5024 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> | |
5025 @end example | |
5026 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5027 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5028 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5029 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5030 @file{~/.mailrc} file. |
25474 | 5031 |
5032 @item | |
5033 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session, | |
5034 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5035 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to |
25474 | 5036 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}. |
5037 | |
5038 @item | |
5039 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you | |
5040 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: | |
5041 | |
5042 @lisp | |
34922 | 5043 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
25474 | 5044 @end lisp |
5045 | |
5046 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type | |
5047 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their | |
5048 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5049 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}). |
25474 | 5050 @end itemize |
5051 | |
5052 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news | |
5053 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
5054 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message | |
5055 | |
5056 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail | |
5057 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try | |
5058 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it | |
5059 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the | |
5060 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the | |
5061 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}. | |
5062 | |
5063 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news | |
5064 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
5065 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in | |
5066 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail | |
5067 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder | |
5068 | |
5069 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions | |
5070 and their key bindings. | |
5071 | |
5072 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news | |
5073 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}? | |
5074 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail} | |
5075 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail | |
5076 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5077 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5078 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files. |
25474 | 5079 |
5080 RMS writes: | |
5081 | |
5082 @quotation | |
5083 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5084 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5085 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5086 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5087 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5088 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}. |
25474 | 5089 @end quotation |
5090 | |
5091 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news | |
5092 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
5093 @cindex Recovering munged mail files | |
5094 @cindex Rmail munged my files | |
5095 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail | |
5096 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5097 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5098 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with |
25474 | 5099 @kbd{C-x k}). |
5100 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5101 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files |
25474 | 5102 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox |
5103 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each | |
5104 message. | |
5105 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5106 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5107 @cindex @code{unrmail} command |
25474 | 5108 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
5109 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the | |
5110 input and output file names. | |
5111 | |
39304
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5112 @pindex b2m |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5113 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5114 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this: |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5115 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5116 @example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5117 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5118 @end example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5119 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5120 @noindent |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5121 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5122 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5123 be written. |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5124 |
25474 | 5125 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news |
5126 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients? | |
5127 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message | |
5128 @cindex Sender, replying only to | |
5129 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in | |
5130 | |
5131 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit | |
5132 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original | |
5133 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC} | |
5134 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}), | |
5135 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole | |
5136 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the | |
5137 best fix I've been able to come up with: | |
5138 | |
5139 @lisp | |
5140 (defun rmail-reply-t () | |
5141 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" | |
5142 (interactive) | |
5143 (rmail-reply t)) | |
5144 | |
5145 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5146 (lambda () |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5147 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5148 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
25474 | 5149 @end lisp |
5150 | |
5151 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
5152 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? |
25474 | 5153 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages |
5154 @cindex Mail packages and MIME | |
5155 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs | |
5156 | |
5157 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu, | |
5158 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at | |
5159 | |
5160 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html} | |
5161 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5162 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5163 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5164 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3. |
25474 | 5165 |
5166 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news | |
5167 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
5168 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically | |
5169 @cindex News reader, starting automatically | |
5170 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically | |
5171 | |
5172 To start Emacs in Gnus: | |
5173 | |
5174 @example | |
5175 emacs -f gnus | |
5176 @end example | |
5177 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5178 @noindent |
25474 | 5179 in Rmail: |
5180 | |
5181 @example | |
5182 emacs -f rmail | |
5183 @end example | |
5184 | |
5185 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: | |
5186 | |
5187 @example | |
5188 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
5189 gnus | |
5190 @end example | |
5191 | |
5192 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader | |
5193 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5194 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
25474 | 5195 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
5196 | |
5197 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news | |
5198 @section How do I read news under Emacs? | |
5199 @cindex Reading news under Emacs | |
5200 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs | |
5201 @cindex Gnus newsreader | |
5202 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5203 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5204 something}). |
25474 | 5205 |
5206 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news | |
5207 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
5208 @cindex Gnus and NNTP | |
5209 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with | |
5210 | |
5211 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
5212 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one | |
5213 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version | |
5214 1.5.11 claims to fix this. | |
5215 | |
5216 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
5217 | |
5218 @lisp | |
5219 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
5220 @end lisp | |
5221 | |
5222 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
5223 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5224 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5225 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out. |
25474 | 5226 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
5227 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas. |
25474 | 5228 |
5229 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news | |
5230 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)? | |
5231 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles | |
5232 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining | |
5233 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles | |
5234 | |
5235 Underlining appears like this: | |
5236 | |
5237 @example | |
5238 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
5239 @end example | |
5240 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5241 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following |
25474 | 5242 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5243 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus: |
25474 | 5244 |
5245 @lisp | |
5246 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike () | |
5247 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands. | |
5248 (save-excursion | |
5249 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
5250 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)) | |
5251 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
5252 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t) | |
5253 (let ((next (following-char)) | |
5254 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2)))) | |
5255 (cond ((eq next previous) | |
5256 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5257 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5258 'face 'bold)) | |
5259 ((eq next ?_) | |
5260 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point))) | |
5261 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) | |
5262 'face 'underline)) | |
5263 ((eq previous ?_) | |
5264 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5265 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5266 'face 'underline)))))))) | |
5267 | |
5268 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike) | |
5269 @end lisp | |
5270 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5271 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5272 |
25474 | 5273 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
5274 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this | |
5275 automatically via | |
5276 | |
5277 @lisp | |
5278 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5279 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
25474 | 5280 @end lisp |
5281 | |
5282 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news | |
5283 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
5284 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving | |
5285 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus | |
5286 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in | |
5287 | |
5288 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer | |
5289 to see a list of available commands. | |
5290 | |
5291 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news | |
5292 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
5293 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus | |
5294 @cindex Starting Gnus faster | |
5295 @cindex Gnus, starting faster | |
5296 | |
5297 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}): | |
5298 | |
5299 @quotation | |
5300 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted | |
5301 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to | |
5302 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version | |
5303 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the | |
5304 following settings: | |
5305 | |
5306 @lisp | |
5307 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil | |
5308 gnus-read-active-file 'some | |
5309 gnus-nov-is-evil nil | |
5310 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) | |
5311 @end lisp | |
5312 @end quotation | |
5313 | |
5314 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news | |
5315 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
5316 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus | |
5317 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in | |
5318 | |
5319 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e} | |
5320 | |
5321 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point | |
5322 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer. | |
5323 | |
5324 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news | |
5325 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers? | |
5326 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers | |
5327 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on | |
5328 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on | |
5329 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on | |
5330 | |
5331 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5332 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields. |
25474 | 5333 |
5334 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
5335 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article | |
5336 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). | |
5337 | |
5338 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
5339 this: | |
5340 | |
5341 @lisp | |
5342 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
5343 @end lisp | |
5344 | |
5345 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news | |
5346 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? | |
5347 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing | |
5348 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages | |
5349 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus | |
5350 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in | |
5351 | |
5352 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}. | |
5353 | |
5354 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news | |
5355 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
5356 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus | |
5357 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up | |
5358 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow | |
5359 | |
5360 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with | |
5361 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}. | |
5362 | |
5363 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news | |
5364 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
5365 @cindex Hangs in Gnus | |
5366 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting | |
5367 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile | |
5368 | |
5369 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains: | |
5370 | |
5371 @quotation | |
5372 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5373 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5374 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. |
25474 | 5375 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the |
5376 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5377 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5378 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5379 so it can file the article. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5380 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5381 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5382 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5383 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5384 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5385 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5386 most folks as that update propagates around. |
25474 | 5387 @end quotation |
5388 | |
5389 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news | |
5390 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
5391 @cindex FAQ for Gnus | |
5392 @cindex Gnus FAQ | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
5393 @cindex Learning more about Gnus |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
5394 |
50954 | 5395 For more information on Gnus, consult the Gnus manual and FAQ, which are |
5396 part of the Gnus distribution. | |
25474 | 5397 |
5398 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top | |
5399 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
5400 @printindex cp | |
5401 | |
5402 @contents | |
5403 @bye | |
52401 | 5404 |
5405 @ignore | |
5406 arch-tag: fee0d62d-06cf-43d8-ac21-123408eaf10f | |
5407 @end ignore |