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annotate man/glossary.texi @ 79421:56d25c64546c
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author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
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date | Thu, 15 Nov 2007 22:13:17 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, |
75348 | 3 @c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Glossary, Key Index, Intro, Top | |
6 @unnumbered Glossary | |
7 | |
8 @table @asis | |
9 @item Abbrev | |
10 An abbrev is a text string which expands into a different text string | |
11 when present in the buffer. For example, you might define a few letters | |
12 as an abbrev for a long phrase that you want to insert frequently. | |
13 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
14 | |
15 @item Aborting | |
16 Aborting means getting out of a recursive edit (q.v.@:). The | |
17 commands @kbd{C-]} and @kbd{M-x top-level} are used for this. | |
18 @xref{Quitting}. | |
19 | |
20 @item Alt | |
21 Alt is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
22 have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{ALT} | |
23 key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-} | |
24 (usually written @kbd{A-} for short). (Note that many terminals have a | |
25 key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User | |
26 Input, Alt}. | |
27 | |
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28 @item Argument |
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29 See `numeric argument.' |
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30 |
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31 @item @acronym{ASCII} character |
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32 An @acronym{ASCII} character is either an @acronym{ASCII} control character or an @acronym{ASCII} |
25829 | 33 printing character. @xref{User Input}. |
34 | |
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35 @item @acronym{ASCII} control character |
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36 An @acronym{ASCII} control character is the Control version of an upper-case |
25829 | 37 letter, or the Control version of one of the characters @samp{@@[\]^_?}. |
38 | |
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39 @item @acronym{ASCII} printing character |
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40 @acronym{ASCII} printing characters include letters, digits, space, and these |
25829 | 41 punctuation characters: @samp{!@@#$%^& *()_-+=|\~` @{@}[]:;"' <>,.?/}. |
42 | |
43 @item Auto Fill Mode | |
44 Auto Fill mode is a minor mode in which text that you insert is | |
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45 automatically broken into lines of a given maximum width. |
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46 @xref{Filling}. |
25829 | 47 |
48 @item Auto Saving | |
49 Auto saving is the practice of saving the contents of an Emacs buffer in | |
50 a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the | |
51 buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. | |
52 | |
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53 @item Autoloading |
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54 Emacs automatically loads Lisp libraries when a Lisp program requests a |
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55 function or a variable from those libraries. This is called |
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56 `autoloading'. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. |
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57 |
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58 @item Backtrace |
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59 A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a |
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60 program arrived to a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and |
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61 correcting bugs (q.v.@:). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals |
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62 an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (see `quitting'). @xref{Checklist}. |
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63 |
25829 | 64 @item Backup File |
65 A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current | |
66 editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you | |
67 track down or cancel changes you later regret making. @xref{Backup}. | |
68 | |
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69 @item Balancing Parentheses |
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70 Emacs can balance parentheses (or other matching delimiters) either |
38745 | 71 manually or automatically. You do manual balancing with the commands |
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72 to move over parenthetical groupings (@pxref{Moving by Parens}). |
38745 | 73 Automatic balancing works by blinking or highlighting the delimiter |
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74 that matches the one you just inserted (@pxref{Matching,,Matching |
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75 Parens}). |
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76 |
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77 @item Balanced Expressions |
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78 A balanced expression is a syntactically recognizable expression, such |
38745 | 79 as a symbol, number, string constant, block, or parenthesized expression |
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80 in C. @xref{Expressions,Balanced Expressions}. |
25829 | 81 |
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82 @item Balloon Help |
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83 See `tooltips.' |
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84 |
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85 @item Base Buffer |
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86 A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer |
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87 (q.v.@:). |
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88 |
25829 | 89 @item Bind |
90 To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). | |
91 @xref{Rebinding}. | |
92 | |
93 @item Binding | |
94 A key sequence gets its meaning in Emacs by having a binding, which is a | |
95 command (q.v.@:), a Lisp function that is run when the user types that | |
96 sequence. @xref{Commands,Binding}. Customization often involves | |
97 rebinding a character to a different command function. The bindings of | |
98 all key sequences are recorded in the keymaps (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
99 | |
100 @item Blank Lines | |
101 Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several | |
102 commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. | |
103 | |
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104 @item Bookmark |
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105 Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions |
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106 in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmarks |
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107 persist between Emacs sessions. |
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108 |
41601 | 109 @item Border |
110 A border is a thin space along the edge of the frame, used just for | |
111 spacing, not for displaying anything. An Emacs frame has an ordinary | |
112 external border, outside of everything including the menu bar, plus an | |
113 internal border that surrounds the text windows and their scroll bars | |
114 and separates them from the menu bar and tool bar. You can customize | |
115 both borders with options and resources (@pxref{Borders X}). Borders | |
116 are not the same as fringes (q.v.@:). | |
117 | |
25829 | 118 @item Buffer |
119 The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text | |
120 being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are | |
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121 editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible |
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122 when you are using multiple windows (q.v.@:). Most buffers are visiting |
25829 | 123 (q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. |
124 | |
125 @item Buffer Selection History | |
126 Emacs keeps a buffer selection history which records how recently each | |
127 Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to | |
128 select. @xref{Buffers}. | |
129 | |
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130 @item Bug |
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131 A bug is an incorrect or unreasonable behavior of a program, or |
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132 inaccurate or confusing documentation. Emacs developers treat bug |
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133 reports, both in Emacs code and its documentation, very seriously and |
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134 ask you to report any bugs you find. @xref{Bugs}. |
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135 |
25829 | 136 @item Button Down Event |
137 A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when | |
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138 you press down on a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. |
25829 | 139 |
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140 @item By Default |
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141 See `default.' |
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142 |
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143 @item Byte Compilation |
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144 See `compilation.' |
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145 |
25829 | 146 @item @kbd{C-} |
147 @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. | |
148 @xref{User Input,C-}. | |
149 | |
150 @item @kbd{C-M-} | |
151 @kbd{C-M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
152 Control-Meta. @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
153 | |
154 @item Case Conversion | |
155 Case conversion means changing text from upper case to lower case or | |
156 vice versa. @xref{Case}, for the commands for case conversion. | |
157 | |
158 @item Character | |
159 Characters form the contents of an Emacs buffer; see @ref{Text | |
160 Characters}. Also, key sequences (q.v.@:) are usually made up of | |
161 characters (though they may include other input events as well). | |
162 @xref{User Input}. | |
163 | |
164 @item Character Set | |
165 Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a | |
166 particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. | |
167 | |
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168 @item Character Terminal |
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169 See `text-only terminal.' |
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170 |
25829 | 171 @item Click Event |
172 A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a | |
173 mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | |
174 | |
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175 @item Clipboard |
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176 A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring |
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177 text between applications. On the X Window system, the clipboard is |
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178 provided in addition to the primary selection (q.v.@:); on MS-Windows and Mac, |
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179 the clipboard is used @emph{instead} of the primary selection. |
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180 @xref{Clipboard}. |
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181 |
25829 | 182 @item Coding System |
183 A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a | |
184 file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert | |
185 text to or from a variety of coding systems when reading or writing it. | |
186 @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
187 | |
188 @item Command | |
189 A command is a Lisp function specially defined to be able to serve as a | |
190 key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.@:), its | |
191 binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find | |
192 the command to run. @xref{Commands}. | |
193 | |
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194 @item Command History |
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195 See `minibuffer history.' |
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196 |
25829 | 197 @item Command Name |
198 A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command | |
199 (@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using | |
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200 @kbd{M-x} (@pxref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}). |
25829 | 201 |
202 @item Comment | |
203 A comment is text in a program which is intended only for humans reading | |
204 the program, and which is marked specially so that it will be ignored | |
205 when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands | |
206 for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. | |
207 | |
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208 @item Common Lisp |
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209 Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful |
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210 than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL |
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211 package. @xref{Top, Common Lisp, Overview, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. |
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212 |
25829 | 213 @item Compilation |
214 Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source | |
215 code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code | |
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216 (@pxref{Byte Compilation,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp |
25829 | 217 Reference Manual}) and programs in C and other languages |
218 (@pxref{Compilation}). | |
219 | |
220 @item Complete Key | |
221 A complete key is a key sequence which fully specifies one action to be | |
222 performed by Emacs. For example, @kbd{X} and @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-x m} | |
223 are complete keys. Complete keys derive their meanings from being bound | |
224 (q.v.@:) to commands (q.v.@:). Thus, @kbd{X} is conventionally bound to | |
225 a command to insert @samp{X} in the buffer; @kbd{C-x m} is | |
226 conventionally bound to a command to begin composing a mail message. | |
227 @xref{Keys}. | |
228 | |
229 @item Completion | |
230 Completion is what Emacs does when it automatically fills out an | |
231 abbreviation for a name into the entire name. Completion is done for | |
232 minibuffer (q.v.@:) arguments when the set of possible valid inputs | |
233 is known; for example, on command names, buffer names, and | |
234 file names. Completion occurs when @key{TAB}, @key{SPC} or @key{RET} | |
235 is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill | |
236 | |
237 @item Continuation Line | |
238 When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it | |
239 takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the | |
240 text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the | |
54472 | 241 first are called continuation lines. @xref{Continuation Lines}. |
242 A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). | |
25829 | 243 |
244 @item Control Character | |
245 A control character is a character that you type by holding down the | |
246 @key{CTRL} key. Some control characters also have their own keys, so | |
247 that you can type them without using @key{CTRL}. For example, | |
248 @key{RET}, @key{TAB}, @key{ESC} and @key{DEL} are all control | |
249 characters. @xref{User Input}. | |
250 | |
251 @item Copyleft | |
252 A copyleft is a notice giving the public legal permission to | |
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253 redistribute and modify a program or other work of art, but requiring |
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254 modified versions to carry similar permission. Copyright is normally |
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255 used to keep users divided and helpless; with copyleft we turn that |
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256 around to empower users and encourage them to cooperate. |
25829 | 257 |
258 The particular form of copyleft used by the GNU project is called the | |
259 GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}. | |
260 | |
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261 @item @key{CTRL} |
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262 The @key{CTRL} or ``control'' key is what you hold down |
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263 in order to enter a control character (q.v.). |
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264 |
25829 | 265 @item Current Buffer |
266 The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing | |
267 commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one. | |
268 @xref{Buffers}. | |
269 | |
270 @item Current Line | |
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271 The current line is the line that point is on (@pxref{Point}). |
25829 | 272 |
273 @item Current Paragraph | |
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274 The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is |
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275 between two paragraphs, the current paragraph is the one that follows |
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276 point. @xref{Paragraphs}. |
25829 | 277 |
278 @item Current Defun | |
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279 The current defun is the defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is |
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280 between defuns, the current defun is the one that follows point. |
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281 @xref{Defuns}. |
25829 | 282 |
283 @item Cursor | |
284 The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position | |
285 called point (q.v.@:) at which insertion and deletion takes place. | |
286 The cursor is on or under the character that follows point. Often | |
287 people speak of `the cursor' when, strictly speaking, they mean | |
54472 | 288 `point.' @xref{Point,Cursor}. |
25829 | 289 |
290 @item Customization | |
291 Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is | |
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292 often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or faces |
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293 (@pxref{Face Customization}), or by rebinding key sequences |
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294 (@pxref{Keymaps}). |
25829 | 295 |
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296 @cindex cut and paste |
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297 @item Cut and Paste |
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298 See `killing' and `yanking.' |
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299 |
25829 | 300 @item Default Argument |
301 The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you | |
302 do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, | |
303 the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. | |
304 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
305 | |
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306 @item Default |
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307 A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose if and when |
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308 you do not specify a value to use. |
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309 |
25829 | 310 @item Default Directory |
311 When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, | |
312 it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. | |
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313 (On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, file names which start with a drive letter |
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314 @samp{@var{x}:} are treated as absolute, not relative.) |
25829 | 315 @xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. |
316 | |
317 @item Defun | |
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318 A defun is a major definition at the top level in a program. The name |
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320 @code{defun}. @xref{Defuns}. |
25829 | 321 |
322 @item @key{DEL} | |
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323 @key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character |
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324 of text before the cursor. It is typically either the @key{DELETE} |
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325 key or the @key{BACKSPACE} key, whichever one is easy to type. |
54472 | 326 @xref{Erasing,DEL}. |
25829 | 327 |
328 @item Deletion | |
329 Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring | |
330 (q.v.@:). The alternative is killing (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing,Deletion}. | |
331 | |
332 @item Deletion of Files | |
333 Deleting a file means erasing it from the file system. | |
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334 @xref{Misc File Ops,Misc File Ops,Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
25829 | 335 |
336 @item Deletion of Messages | |
337 Deleting a message means flagging it to be eliminated from your mail | |
338 file. Until you expunge (q.v.@:) the Rmail file, you can still undelete | |
38490 | 339 the messages you have deleted. @xref{Rmail Deletion}. |
25829 | 340 |
341 @item Deletion of Windows | |
342 Deleting a window means eliminating it from the screen. Other windows | |
343 expand to use up the space. The deleted window can never come back, | |
344 but no actual text is thereby lost. @xref{Windows}. | |
345 | |
346 @item Directory | |
347 File directories are named collections in the file system, within which | |
348 you can place individual files or subdirectories. @xref{Directories}. | |
349 | |
350 @item Dired | |
351 Dired is the Emacs facility that displays the contents of a file | |
352 directory and allows you to ``edit the directory,'' performing | |
353 operations on the files in the directory. @xref{Dired}. | |
354 | |
355 @item Disabled Command | |
356 A disabled command is one that you may not run without special | |
357 confirmation. The usual reason for disabling a command is that it is | |
358 confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. | |
359 | |
360 @item Down Event | |
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361 Short for `button down event' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 362 |
363 @item Drag Event | |
364 A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse | |
365 button, move the mouse, and then release the button. @xref{Mouse | |
366 Buttons}. | |
367 | |
368 @item Dribble File | |
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369 A dribble file is a file into which Emacs writes all the characters that |
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370 you type on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record |
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371 for debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you |
25829 | 372 tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. |
373 | |
374 @item Echo Area | |
375 The echo area is the bottom line of the screen, used for echoing the | |
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376 arguments to commands, for asking questions, and showing brief messages |
25829 | 377 (including error messages). The messages are stored in the buffer |
378 @samp{*Messages*} so you can review them later. @xref{Echo Area}. | |
379 | |
380 @item Echoing | |
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381 Echoing is acknowledging the receipt of input events by displaying |
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382 them (in the echo area). Emacs never echoes single-character key |
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383 sequences; longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing |
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384 them. |
25829 | 385 |
386 @item Electric | |
387 We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting | |
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388 (q.v.@:), but the current major mode (q.v.@:) redefines it to do something |
25829 | 389 else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define |
390 particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or | |
391 more newlines in addition to self-insertion. | |
392 | |
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393 @item End Of Line |
38745 | 394 End of line is a character or a sequence of characters that indicate |
395 the end of a text line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline | |
396 (q.v.@:), but other systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding | |
397 Systems,end-of-line}. Emacs can recognize several end-of-line | |
398 conventions in files and convert between them. | |
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399 |
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400 @item Environment Variable |
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401 An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by |
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402 the operating system, each one having a name and a value. Emacs can |
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403 access environment variables set by its parent shell, and it can set |
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404 variables in the environment it passes to programs it invokes. |
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405 @xref{Environment}. |
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406 |
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407 @item EOL |
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408 See `end of line.' |
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409 |
25829 | 410 @item Error |
411 An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current | |
412 circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops | |
413 (unless the command has been programmed to do otherwise) and Emacs | |
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414 reports the error by displaying an error message (q.v.@:). Type-ahead |
25829 | 415 is discarded. Then Emacs is ready to read another editing command. |
416 | |
417 @item Error Message | |
418 An error message is a single line of output displayed by Emacs when the | |
419 user asks for something impossible to do (such as, killing text | |
420 forward when point is at the end of the buffer). They appear in the | |
421 echo area, accompanied by a beep. | |
422 | |
423 @item @key{ESC} | |
424 @key{ESC} is a character used as a prefix for typing Meta characters on | |
425 keyboards lacking a @key{META} key. Unlike the @key{META} key (which, | |
426 like the @key{SHIFT} key, is held down while another character is | |
427 typed), you press the @key{ESC} key as you would press a letter key, and | |
428 it applies to the next character you type. | |
429 | |
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430 @item Expression |
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431 See `balanced expression.' |
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432 |
25829 | 433 @item Expunging |
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434 Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer or a Gnus newsgroup buffer is an |
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435 operation that truly discards the messages or files you have previously |
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436 flagged for deletion. |
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437 |
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438 @item Face |
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439 A face is a style of displaying characters. It specifies attributes |
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440 such as font family and size, foreground and background colors, |
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441 underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides |
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442 features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in |
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443 order to display that text as specified by the face attributes. |
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444 @xref{Faces}. |
25829 | 445 |
446 @item File Locking | |
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447 Emacs uses file locking to notice when two different users |
25829 | 448 start to edit one file at the same time. @xref{Interlocking}. |
449 | |
450 @item File Name | |
451 A file name is a name that refers to a file. File names may be relative | |
452 or absolute; the meaning of a relative file name depends on the current | |
453 directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless | |
454 of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute | |
455 file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or | |
73946 | 456 @samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). On MS-Windows/MS-DOS, an |
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457 absolute file name can also start with a drive letter and a colon |
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458 @samp{@var{d}:}. |
25829 | 459 |
460 Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; | |
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461 we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 462 |
463 @item File-Name Component | |
464 A file-name component names a file directly within a particular | |
465 directory. On GNU and Unix systems, a file name is a sequence of | |
466 file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} | |
467 is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it | |
468 refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in | |
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469 the current directory. MS-DOS/MS-Windows file names can also use |
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470 backslashes to separate components, as in @file{foo\bar}. |
25829 | 471 |
472 @item Fill Prefix | |
473 The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning | |
474 of each line when filling is done. It is not regarded as part of the | |
475 text to be filled. @xref{Filling}. | |
476 | |
477 @item Filling | |
478 Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all | |
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479 the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. Some |
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480 other editors call this feature `line wrapping.' |
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481 |
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482 @item Font Lock |
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483 Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text according to |
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484 its syntax. @xref{Font Lock}. |
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485 |
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486 @item Fontset |
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487 A fontset is a named collection of fonts. A fontset specification lists |
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488 character sets and which font to use to display each of them. Fontsets |
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489 make it easy to change several fonts at once by specifying the name of a |
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490 fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}. |
25829 | 491 |
492 @item Formatted Text | |
493 Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while | |
494 you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified | |
495 margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
496 | |
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497 @item Formfeed Character |
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498 See `page.' |
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499 |
25829 | 500 @item Frame |
501 A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out | |
502 with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame | |
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503 into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a window system |
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504 (q.v.@:), all the frames can be visible at the same time. |
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505 @xref{Frames}. Some other editors use the term ``window'' for this, |
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506 but in Emacs a window means something else. |
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507 |
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508 @item Fringe |
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509 On a graphical display (q.v.@:), there's a narrow portion of the |
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510 frame (q.v.@:) between the text area and the window's border. Emacs |
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511 displays the fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called |
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512 @code{fringe}. @xref{Faces,fringe}. |
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513 |
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514 @item FTP |
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515 FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client |
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516 program to provide access to remote files (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 517 |
518 @item Function Key | |
519 A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not | |
520 correspond to any character. @xref{Function Keys}. | |
521 | |
522 @item Global | |
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523 Global means ``independent of the current environment; in effect |
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524 throughout Emacs.'' It is the opposite of local (q.v.@:). Particular |
25829 | 525 examples of the use of `global' appear below. |
526 | |
527 @item Global Abbrev | |
528 A global definition of an abbrev (q.v.@:) is effective in all major | |
529 modes that do not have local (q.v.@:) definitions for the same abbrev. | |
530 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
531 | |
532 @item Global Keymap | |
533 The global keymap (q.v.@:) contains key bindings that are in effect | |
534 except when overridden by local key bindings in a major mode's local | |
535 keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
536 | |
537 @item Global Mark Ring | |
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538 The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently |
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539 set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack |
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540 through buffers you have been editing in, or in which you have found |
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541 tags (see `tags table'). @xref{Global Mark Ring}. |
25829 | 542 |
543 @item Global Substitution | |
544 Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by | |
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545 another string throughout a large amount of text. @xref{Replace}. |
25829 | 546 |
547 @item Global Variable | |
548 The global value of a variable (q.v.@:) takes effect in all buffers | |
549 that do not have their own local (q.v.@:) values for the variable. | |
550 @xref{Variables}. | |
551 | |
552 @item Graphic Character | |
553 Graphic characters are those assigned pictorial images rather than | |
554 just names. All the non-Meta (q.v.@:) characters except for the | |
555 Control (q.v.@:) characters are graphic characters. These include | |
556 letters, digits, punctuation, and spaces; they do not include | |
557 @key{RET} or @key{ESC}. In Emacs, typing a graphic character inserts | |
54472 | 558 that character (in ordinary editing modes). @xref{Inserting Text}. |
25829 | 559 |
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560 @item Graphical Display |
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561 A graphical display is one that can display images and multiple fonts. |
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562 Usually it also has a window system (q.v.@:). |
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563 |
25829 | 564 @item Highlighting |
565 Highlighting text means displaying it with a different foreground and/or | |
566 background color to make it stand out from the rest of the text in the | |
567 buffer. | |
568 | |
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569 Emacs uses highlighting in several ways. When you mark a region with |
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570 the mouse, the region is always highlighted. Optionally Emacs can |
40615 | 571 also highlight the region whenever it is active (@pxref{Transient |
572 Mark}). Incremental search also highlights matches (@pxref{Incremental | |
573 Search}). See also `font lock'. | |
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574 |
25829 | 575 @item Hardcopy |
576 Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has commands for making printed | |
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577 listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Printing}. |
25829 | 578 |
579 @item @key{HELP} | |
580 @key{HELP} is the Emacs name for @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}. You can type | |
581 @key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any | |
582 command does. @xref{Help}. | |
583 | |
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584 @item Help Echo |
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585 Help echo is a short message displayed in the echo area when the mouse |
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586 pointer is located on portions of display that require some |
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587 explanations. Emacs displays help echo for menu items, parts of the |
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588 mode line, tool-bar buttons, etc. On graphics displays, the messages |
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589 can be displayed as tooltips (q.v.@:). @xref{Tooltips}. |
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590 |
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591 @item Hook |
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592 A hook is a list of functions to be called on specific occasions, such |
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593 as saving a buffer in a file, major mode activation, etc. By |
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594 customizing the various hooks, you can modify Emacs's behavior without |
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595 changing any of its code. @xref{Hooks}. |
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596 |
25829 | 597 @item Hyper |
598 Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
599 have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the | |
600 @key{HYPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
601 @kbd{Hyper-} (usually written @kbd{H-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
602 Hyper}. | |
603 | |
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604 @item Iff |
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605 ``Iff'' means ``if and only if.'' This terminology comes from |
78495 | 606 mathematics. Try to avoid using this term in documentation, since |
607 many are unfamiliar with it and mistake it for a typo. | |
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608 |
25829 | 609 @item Inbox |
610 An inbox is a file in which mail is delivered by the operating system. | |
611 Rmail transfers mail from inboxes to Rmail files (q.v.@:) in which the | |
612 mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. | |
613 @xref{Rmail Inbox}. | |
614 | |
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615 @item Incremental Search |
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616 Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs searches |
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617 for the string as you type it. @xref{Incremental Search}. |
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618 |
25829 | 619 @item Indentation |
620 Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most | |
621 programming languages have conventions for using indentation to | |
622 illuminate the structure of the program, and Emacs has special | |
623 commands to adjust indentation. | |
624 @xref{Indentation}. | |
625 | |
626 @item Indirect Buffer | |
627 An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, | |
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628 called its base buffer (q.v.@:). @xref{Indirect Buffers}. |
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629 |
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630 @item Info |
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631 Info is the hypertext format used by the GNU project for writing |
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632 documentation. |
25829 | 633 |
634 @item Input Event | |
635 An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on | |
636 the terminal. Input events include typing characters, typing function | |
637 keys, pressing or releasing mouse buttons, and switching between Emacs | |
638 frames. @xref{User Input}. | |
639 | |
640 @item Input Method | |
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641 An input method is a system for entering non-@acronym{ASCII} text characters by |
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642 typing sequences of @acronym{ASCII} characters (q.v.@:). @xref{Input Methods}. |
25829 | 643 |
644 @item Insertion | |
645 Insertion means copying text into the buffer, either from the keyboard | |
646 or from some other place in Emacs. | |
647 | |
648 @item Interlocking | |
649 Interlocking is a feature for warning when you start to alter a file | |
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650 that someone else is already editing. |
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651 @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. |
25829 | 652 |
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653 @item Isearch |
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654 See `incremental search.' |
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655 |
25829 | 656 @item Justification |
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657 Justification means adding extra spaces within lines of text to make |
38490 | 658 them extend exactly to a specified width. |
54472 | 659 @xref{Format Justification}. |
25829 | 660 |
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661 @item Key Binding |
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662 See `binding.' |
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663 |
25829 | 664 @item Keyboard Macro |
665 Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from | |
666 sequences of existing ones, with no need to write a Lisp program. | |
667 @xref{Keyboard Macros}. | |
668 | |
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669 @cindex keyboard shortcuts |
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670 @item Keyboard Shortcut |
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671 A keyboard shortcut is a key sequence (q.v.@:) which invokes a |
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672 command. What some programs call ``assigning a keyboard shortcut,'' |
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673 Emacs calls ``binding a key sequence.'' See `binding.' |
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674 |
25829 | 675 @item Key Sequence |
676 A key sequence (key, for short) is a sequence of input events (q.v.@:) | |
677 that are meaningful as a single unit. If the key sequence is enough to | |
678 specify one action, it is a complete key (q.v.@:); if it is not enough, | |
679 it is a prefix key (q.v.@:). @xref{Keys}. | |
680 | |
681 @item Keymap | |
682 The keymap is the data structure that records the bindings (q.v.@:) of | |
683 key sequences to the commands that they run. For example, the global | |
684 keymap binds the character @kbd{C-n} to the command function | |
685 @code{next-line}. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
686 | |
687 @item Keyboard Translation Table | |
688 The keyboard translation table is an array that translates the character | |
689 codes that come from the terminal into the character codes that make up | |
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690 key sequences. |
25829 | 691 |
692 @item Kill Ring | |
693 The kill ring is where all text you have killed recently is saved. | |
694 You can reinsert any of the killed text still in the ring; this is | |
695 called yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Yanking}. | |
696 | |
697 @item Killing | |
698 Killing means erasing text and saving it on the kill ring so it can be | |
699 yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting.'' | |
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700 Most Emacs commands that erase text perform killing, as opposed to |
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701 deletion (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. |
25829 | 702 |
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703 @item Killing a Job |
25829 | 704 Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease |
705 to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. | |
706 @xref{Exiting}. | |
707 | |
708 @item Language Environment | |
709 Your choice of language environment specifies defaults for the input | |
710 method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language | |
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711 Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-@acronym{ASCII} text |
25829 | 712 (@pxref{International}). |
713 | |
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714 @item Line Wrapping |
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715 See `filling.' |
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716 |
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717 @item Lisp |
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718 Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect |
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719 of Lisp, called Emacs Lisp, that is extended with special features which |
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720 make it especially suitable for text editing tasks. |
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721 |
25829 | 722 @item List |
723 A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open | |
724 parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode | |
725 and other non-Lisp modes, groupings surrounded by other kinds of matched | |
726 delimiters appropriate to the language, such as braces, are also | |
727 considered lists. Emacs has special commands for many operations on | |
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728 lists. @xref{Moving by Parens}. |
25829 | 729 |
730 @item Local | |
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731 Local means ``in effect only in a particular context''; the relevant |
25829 | 732 kind of context is a particular function execution, a particular |
733 buffer, or a particular major mode. It is the opposite of `global' | |
734 (q.v.@:). Specific uses of `local' in Emacs terminology appear below. | |
735 | |
736 @item Local Abbrev | |
737 A local abbrev definition is effective only if a particular major mode | |
738 is selected. In that major mode, it overrides any global definition | |
739 for the same abbrev. @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
740 | |
741 @item Local Keymap | |
742 A local keymap is used in a particular major mode; the key bindings | |
743 (q.v.@:) in the current local keymap override global bindings of the | |
744 same key sequences. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
745 | |
746 @item Local Variable | |
747 A local value of a variable (q.v.@:) applies to only one buffer. | |
748 @xref{Locals}. | |
749 | |
750 @item @kbd{M-} | |
751 @kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META}, | |
752 one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character. | |
54472 | 753 @xref{User Input,M-}. |
25829 | 754 |
755 @item @kbd{M-C-} | |
756 @kbd{M-C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
757 Control-Meta; it means the same thing as @kbd{C-M-}. If your | |
758 terminal lacks a real @key{META} key, you type a Control-Meta character by | |
759 typing @key{ESC} and then typing the corresponding Control character. | |
760 @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
761 | |
762 @item @kbd{M-x} | |
763 @kbd{M-x} is the key sequence which is used to call an Emacs command by | |
764 name. This is how you run commands that are not bound to key sequences. | |
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765 @xref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}. |
25829 | 766 |
767 @item Mail | |
768 Mail means messages sent from one user to another through the computer | |
769 system, to be read at the recipient's convenience. Emacs has commands for | |
770 composing and sending mail, and for reading and editing the mail you have | |
771 received. @xref{Sending Mail}. @xref{Rmail}, for how to read mail. | |
772 | |
773 @item Mail Composition Method | |
774 A mail composition method is a program runnable within Emacs for editing | |
775 and sending a mail message. Emacs lets you select from several | |
776 alternative mail composition methods. @xref{Mail Methods}. | |
777 | |
778 @item Major Mode | |
779 The Emacs major modes are a mutually exclusive set of options, each of | |
780 which configures Emacs for editing a certain sort of text. Ideally, | |
781 each programming language has its own major mode. @xref{Major Modes}. | |
782 | |
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783 @item Margin |
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784 The space between the usable part of a window (including the |
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785 fringe) and the window edge. |
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786 |
25829 | 787 @item Mark |
788 The mark points to a position in the text. It specifies one end of the | |
789 region (q.v.@:), point being the other end. Many commands operate on | |
790 all the text from point to the mark. Each buffer has its own mark. | |
791 @xref{Mark}. | |
792 | |
793 @item Mark Ring | |
794 The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the | |
795 mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its | |
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796 own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 797 @xref{Mark Ring}. |
798 | |
799 @item Menu Bar | |
800 The menu bar is the line at the top of an Emacs frame. It contains | |
33746 | 801 words you can click on with the mouse to bring up menus, or you can use |
802 a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}. | |
25829 | 803 |
804 @item Message | |
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805 See `mail.' |
25829 | 806 |
807 @item Meta | |
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808 Meta is the name of a modifier bit which you can use in a command |
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809 character. To enter a meta character, you hold down the @key{META} |
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810 key while typing the character. We refer to such characters with |
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811 names that start with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for |
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812 short). For example, @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META} |
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813 and at the same time typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most |
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814 terminals, by holding down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}). |
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815 @xref{User Input,Meta}. |
25829 | 816 |
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817 On some terminals, the @key{META} key is actually labeled @key{ALT} |
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818 or @key{EDIT}. |
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819 |
25829 | 820 @item Meta Character |
821 A Meta character is one whose character code includes the Meta bit. | |
822 | |
823 @item Minibuffer | |
824 The minibuffer is the window that appears when necessary inside the | |
825 echo area (q.v.@:), used for reading arguments to commands. | |
826 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
827 | |
828 @item Minibuffer History | |
829 The minibuffer history records the text you have specified in the past | |
830 for minibuffer arguments, so you can conveniently use the same text | |
831 again. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
832 | |
833 @item Minor Mode | |
834 A minor mode is an optional feature of Emacs which can be switched on | |
835 or off independently of all other features. Each minor mode has a | |
836 command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
837 | |
838 @item Minor Mode Keymap | |
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839 A minor mode keymap is a keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is |
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840 active when that mode is enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence |
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841 over the buffer's local keymap, just as the local keymap takes |
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842 precedence over the global keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. |
25829 | 843 |
844 @item Mode Line | |
845 The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving | |
846 status information on the buffer displayed in that window. @xref{Mode | |
847 Line}. | |
848 | |
849 @item Modified Buffer | |
850 A buffer (q.v.@:) is modified if its text has been changed since the | |
851 last time the buffer was saved (or since when it was created, if it | |
852 has never been saved). @xref{Saving}. | |
853 | |
854 @item Moving Text | |
855 Moving text means erasing it from one place and inserting it in | |
73946 | 856 another. The usual way to move text is by killing (q.v.@:) it and then |
857 yanking (q.v.@:) it. @xref{Killing}. | |
25829 | 858 |
859 @item MULE | |
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860 MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-@acronym{ASCII} text |
25829 | 861 using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. |
862 | |
863 @item Multibyte Character | |
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864 A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a |
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865 buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-@acronym{ASCII} text, |
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866 since the number of non-@acronym{ASCII} characters is much more than 256. |
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867 @xref{International Chars, International Characters}. |
25829 | 868 |
869 @item Named Mark | |
870 A named mark is a register (q.v.@:) in its role of recording a | |
871 location in text so that you can move point to that location. | |
872 @xref{Registers}. | |
873 | |
874 @item Narrowing | |
875 Narrowing means creating a restriction (q.v.@:) that limits editing in | |
876 the current buffer to only a part of the text in the buffer. Text | |
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877 outside that part is inaccessible for editing until the boundaries are |
25829 | 878 widened again, but it is still there, and saving the file saves it |
879 all. @xref{Narrowing}. | |
880 | |
881 @item Newline | |
882 Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are | |
883 therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. | |
884 | |
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885 @cindex nil |
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886 @cindex t |
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887 @item @code{nil} |
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888 @code{nil} is a value usually interpreted as a logical ``false.'' Its |
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889 opposite is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true.'' |
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890 |
25829 | 891 @item Numeric Argument |
892 A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change | |
893 the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a | |
894 repeat count. @xref{Arguments}. | |
895 | |
896 @item Overwrite Mode | |
897 Overwrite mode is a minor mode. When it is enabled, ordinary text | |
898 characters replace the existing text after point rather than pushing | |
899 it to the right. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
900 | |
901 @item Page | |
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902 A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (@acronym{ASCII} |
25829 | 903 control-L, code 014) coming at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs |
904 commands are provided for moving over and operating on pages. | |
905 @xref{Pages}. | |
906 | |
907 @item Paragraph | |
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908 Paragraphs are the medium-size unit of human-language text. There are |
25829 | 909 special Emacs commands for moving over and operating on paragraphs. |
910 @xref{Paragraphs}. | |
911 | |
912 @item Parsing | |
913 We say that certain Emacs commands parse words or expressions in the | |
914 text being edited. Really, all they know how to do is find the other | |
915 end of a word or expression. @xref{Syntax}. | |
916 | |
917 @item Point | |
918 Point is the place in the buffer at which insertion and deletion | |
919 occur. Point is considered to be between two characters, not at one | |
920 character. The terminal's cursor (q.v.@:) indicates the location of | |
54472 | 921 point. @xref{Point}. |
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922 |
25829 | 923 @item Prefix Argument |
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924 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 925 |
926 @item Prefix Key | |
927 A prefix key is a key sequence (q.v.@:) whose sole function is to | |
928 introduce a set of longer key sequences. @kbd{C-x} is an example of | |
929 prefix key; any two-character sequence starting with @kbd{C-x} is | |
930 therefore a legitimate key sequence. @xref{Keys}. | |
931 | |
932 @item Primary Rmail File | |
933 Your primary Rmail file is the file named @samp{RMAIL} in your home | |
934 directory. That's where Rmail stores your incoming mail, unless you | |
935 specify a different file name. @xref{Rmail}. | |
936 | |
937 @item Primary Selection | |
938 The primary selection is one particular X selection (q.v.@:); it is the | |
939 selection that most X applications use for transferring text to and from | |
940 other applications. | |
941 | |
942 The Emacs kill commands set the primary selection and the yank command | |
943 uses the primary selection when appropriate. @xref{Killing}. | |
944 | |
945 @item Prompt | |
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946 A prompt is text used to ask the user for input. Displaying a prompt |
25829 | 947 is called prompting. Emacs prompts always appear in the echo area |
948 (q.v.@:). One kind of prompting happens when the minibuffer is used to | |
949 read an argument (@pxref{Minibuffer}); the echoing which happens when | |
950 you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also | |
951 a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). | |
952 | |
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953 @item Query-Replace |
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954 Query-replace is an interactive string replacement feature provided by |
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955 Emacs. @xref{Query Replace}. |
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956 |
25829 | 957 @item Quitting |
958 Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running | |
959 command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. | |
960 | |
961 @item Quoting | |
962 Quoting means depriving a character of its usual special significance. | |
963 The most common kind of quoting in Emacs is with @kbd{C-q}. What | |
964 constitutes special significance depends on the context and on | |
965 convention. For example, an ``ordinary'' character as an Emacs command | |
966 inserts itself; so in this context, a special character is any character | |
967 that does not normally insert itself (such as @key{DEL}, for example), | |
968 and quoting it makes it insert itself as if it were not special. Not | |
54472 | 969 all contexts allow quoting. @xref{Inserting Text,Quoting}. |
25829 | 970 |
971 @item Quoting File Names | |
972 Quoting a file name turns off the special significance of constructs | |
973 such as @samp{$}, @samp{~} and @samp{:}. @xref{Quoted File Names}. | |
974 | |
975 @item Read-Only Buffer | |
976 A read-only buffer is one whose text you are not allowed to change. | |
977 Normally Emacs makes buffers read-only when they contain text which | |
978 has a special significance to Emacs; for example, Dired buffers. | |
979 Visiting a file that is write-protected also makes a read-only buffer. | |
980 @xref{Buffers}. | |
981 | |
982 @item Rectangle | |
983 A rectangle consists of the text in a given range of columns on a given | |
984 range of lines. Normally you specify a rectangle by putting point at | |
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985 one corner and putting the mark at the diagonally opposite corner. |
25829 | 986 @xref{Rectangles}. |
987 | |
988 @item Recursive Editing Level | |
989 A recursive editing level is a state in which part of the execution of | |
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990 a command involves asking you to edit some text. This text may |
25829 | 991 or may not be the same as the text to which the command was applied. |
992 The mode line indicates recursive editing levels with square brackets | |
993 (@samp{[} and @samp{]}). @xref{Recursive Edit}. | |
994 | |
995 @item Redisplay | |
996 Redisplay is the process of correcting the image on the screen to | |
997 correspond to changes that have been made in the text being edited. | |
998 @xref{Screen,Redisplay}. | |
999 | |
1000 @item Regexp | |
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1001 See `regular expression.' |
25829 | 1002 |
1003 @item Region | |
1004 The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.@:). | |
1005 Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}. | |
1006 | |
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1007 @item Register |
25829 | 1008 Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or |
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1009 rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related |
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1010 Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 1011 |
1012 @item Regular Expression | |
1013 A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; | |
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1014 for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more |
25829 | 1015 digits. @xref{Regexps}. |
1016 | |
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1017 @item Remote File |
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1018 A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own. |
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1019 Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are |
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1020 connected to the same network as your machine, and (obviously) that |
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1021 you have a supported method to gain access to those files. |
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1022 @xref{Remote Files}. |
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1023 |
25829 | 1024 @item Repeat Count |
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1025 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 1026 |
1027 @item Replacement | |
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1028 See `global substitution.' |
25829 | 1029 |
1030 @item Restriction | |
1031 A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the | |
1032 end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a | |
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1033 nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:); removing |
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1034 a restriction is called widening (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. |
25829 | 1035 |
1036 @item @key{RET} | |
1037 @key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a | |
1038 newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments | |
1039 read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. | |
1040 | |
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1041 @item Reverting |
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1042 Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you |
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1043 revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}. |
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1044 |
25829 | 1045 @item Rmail File |
1046 An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by | |
1047 Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. | |
1048 | |
1049 @item Saving | |
1050 Saving a buffer means copying its text into the file that was visited | |
1051 (q.v.@:) in that buffer. This is the way text in files actually gets | |
1052 changed by your Emacs editing. @xref{Saving}. | |
1053 | |
1054 @item Scroll Bar | |
1055 A scroll bar is a tall thin hollow box that appears at the side of a | |
1056 window. You can use mouse commands in the scroll bar to scroll the | |
33746 | 1057 window. The scroll bar feature is supported only under windowing |
1058 systems. @xref{Scroll Bars}. | |
25829 | 1059 |
1060 @item Scrolling | |
1061 Scrolling means shifting the text in the Emacs window so as to see a | |
54472 | 1062 different part of the buffer. @xref{Scrolling}. |
25829 | 1063 |
1064 @item Searching | |
1065 Searching means moving point to the next occurrence of a specified | |
1066 string or the next match for a specified regular expression. | |
1067 @xref{Search}. | |
1068 | |
1069 @item Search Path | |
1070 A search path is a list of directory names, to be used for searching for | |
1071 files for certain purposes. For example, the variable @code{load-path} | |
1072 holds a search path for finding Lisp library files. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
1073 | |
1074 @item Secondary Selection | |
1075 The secondary selection is one particular X selection; some X | |
1076 applications can use it for transferring text to and from other | |
1077 applications. Emacs has special mouse commands for transferring text | |
1078 using the secondary selection. @xref{Secondary Selection}. | |
1079 | |
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1080 @item Selected Frame |
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1081 The selected frame is the one your input currently operates on. |
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1082 @xref{Frames}. |
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1083 |
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1084 @item Selected Window |
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1085 The selected frame is the one your input currently operates on. |
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1086 @xref{Basic Window}. |
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1087 |
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1088 @item Selecting a Buffer |
25829 | 1089 Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer. |
54472 | 1090 @xref{Select Buffer}. |
25829 | 1091 |
1092 @item Selection | |
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1093 Windowing systems allow an application program to specify |
25829 | 1094 selections whose values are text. A program can also read the |
1095 selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way | |
1096 of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to | |
1097 work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) | |
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1098 selection, and also with the clipboard (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 1099 |
1100 @item Self-Documentation | |
1101 Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any | |
1102 command does, or give you a list of all commands related to a topic | |
1103 you specify. You ask for self-documentation with the help character, | |
1104 @kbd{C-h}. @xref{Help}. | |
1105 | |
1106 @item Self-Inserting Character | |
1107 A character is self-inserting if typing that character inserts that | |
1108 character in the buffer. Ordinary printing and whitespace characters | |
1109 are self-inserting in Emacs, except in certain special major modes. | |
1110 | |
1111 @item Sentences | |
1112 Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences. | |
1113 @xref{Sentences}. | |
1114 | |
1115 @item Sexp | |
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1116 A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of |
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1117 Lisp in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Sexps are also |
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1118 the balanced expressions (q.v.@:) of the Lisp language; this is why |
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1119 the commands for editing balanced expressions have `sexp' in their |
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1120 name. @xref{Expressions,Sexps}. |
25829 | 1121 |
1122 @item Simultaneous Editing | |
1123 Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. | |
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1124 Simultaneous editing, if not detected, can cause one user to lose his |
38745 | 1125 or her work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing, and |
1126 warns one of the users to investigate. | |
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1127 @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. |
25829 | 1128 |
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1129 @item @key{SPC} |
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1130 @key{SPC} is the space character, which you enter by pressing the |
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1131 space bar. |
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1132 |
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1133 @item Speedbar |
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1134 The speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs |
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1135 buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other |
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1136 interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}. |
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1137 |
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1138 @item Spell Checking |
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1139 Spell checking means checking correctness of the written form of each |
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1140 one of the words in a text. Emacs uses the Ispell spelling-checker |
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1141 program to check the spelling of parts of a buffer via a convenient user |
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1142 interface. @xref{Spelling}. |
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1143 |
25829 | 1144 @item String |
1145 A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of | |
1146 characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as | |
1147 values. The Lisp syntax for a string consists of the characters in the | |
1148 string with a @samp{"} before and another @samp{"} after. A @samp{"} | |
1149 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\"} and a @samp{\} | |
1150 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\\}. All other | |
1151 characters, including newline, can be included just by writing them | |
1152 inside the string; however, backslash sequences as in C, such as | |
1153 @samp{\n} for newline or @samp{\241} using an octal character code, are | |
1154 allowed as well. | |
1155 | |
1156 @item String Substitution | |
1157 See `global substitution'. | |
1158 | |
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1159 @item Syntax Highlighting |
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1160 See `font lock.' |
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1161 |
25829 | 1162 @item Syntax Table |
1163 The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, | |
1164 which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. | |
1165 @xref{Syntax}. | |
1166 | |
1167 @item Super | |
1168 Super is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
1169 have. To make a character Super, type it while holding down the | |
1170 @key{SUPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
1171 @kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
1172 Super}. | |
1173 | |
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1174 @item Suspending |
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1175 Suspending Emacs means stopping it temporarily and returning control |
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1176 to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job |
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1177 (q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing |
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1178 your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}. |
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1179 |
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1180 @item @key{TAB} |
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1181 @key{TAB} is the tab character. In Emacs it is typically used for |
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1182 indentation or completion. |
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1183 |
25829 | 1184 @item Tags Table |
1185 A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function | |
1186 definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. | |
1187 | |
1188 @item Termscript File | |
1189 A termscript file contains a record of all characters sent by Emacs to | |
1190 the terminal. It is used for tracking down bugs in Emacs redisplay. | |
1191 Emacs does not make a termscript file unless you tell it to. | |
1192 @xref{Bugs}. | |
1193 | |
1194 @item Text | |
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1195 `Text' has two meanings (@pxref{Text}): |
25829 | 1196 |
1197 @itemize @bullet | |
1198 @item | |
1199 Data consisting of a sequence of characters, as opposed to binary | |
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1200 numbers, executable programs, and the like. The basic contents of an |
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1201 Emacs buffer (aside from the text properties, q.v.@:) are always text |
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1202 in this sense. |
25829 | 1203 @item |
1204 Data consisting of written human language, as opposed to programs, | |
1205 or following the stylistic conventions of human language. | |
1206 @end itemize | |
1207 | |
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1208 @item Text-only Terminal |
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1209 A text-only terminal is a display that is limited to displaying text in |
3919e7300eea
(Glossary): Updated for Emacs 21, with comments from Richard Stallman.
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1210 character units. Such a terminal cannot control individual pixels it |
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(Glossary): Fix last change.
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1211 displays. Emacs supports a subset of display features on text-only |
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|
1212 terminals. |
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(Glossary): Updated for Emacs 21, with comments from Richard Stallman.
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1213 |
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1214 @item Text Properties |
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1215 Text properties are annotations recorded for particular characters in |
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|
1216 the buffer. Images in the buffer are recorded as text properties; |
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1217 they also specify formatting information. @xref{Editing Format Info}. |
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1218 |
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1219 @item Tool Bar |
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1220 The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top |
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1221 of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. |
36839
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1222 You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.@:). |
36210 | 1223 @xref{Tool Bars}. |
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|
1224 |
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|
1225 @item Tooltips |
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(Glossary): Updated for Emacs 21, with comments from Richard Stallman.
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1226 Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text that |
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1227 explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse |
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1228 clicks, etc. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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1229 |
25829 | 1230 @item Top Level |
1231 Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the | |
1232 text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you | |
1233 are not in a recursive editing level (q.v.@:) or the minibuffer | |
1234 (q.v.@:), and not in the middle of a command. You can get back to top | |
1235 level by aborting (q.v.@:) and quitting (q.v.@:). @xref{Quitting}. | |
1236 | |
1237 @item Transposition | |
1238 Transposing two units of text means putting each one into the place | |
1239 formerly occupied by the other. There are Emacs commands to transpose | |
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1240 two adjacent characters, words, balanced expressions (q.v.@:) or lines |
25829 | 1241 (@pxref{Transpose}). |
1242 | |
1243 @item Truncation | |
1244 Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a | |
1245 line that does not fit within the right margin of the window | |
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1246 displaying it. See also `continuation line.' |
54472 | 1247 @xref{Continuation Lines,Truncation}. |
25829 | 1248 |
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1249 @item TTY |
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1250 See `text-only terminal.' |
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1251 |
25829 | 1252 @item Undoing |
1253 Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing | |
1254 back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. | |
1255 @xref{Undo}. | |
1256 | |
1257 @item User Option | |
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1258 A user option is a face (q.v.@:) or a variable (q.v.@:) that exists so |
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1259 that you can customize Emacs by setting it to a new value. |
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1260 @xref{Easy Customization}. |
25829 | 1261 |
1262 @item Variable | |
1263 A variable is an object in Lisp that can store an arbitrary value. | |
1264 Emacs uses some variables for internal purposes, and has others (known | |
1265 as `user options' (q.v.@:)) just so that you can set their values to | |
1266 control the behavior of Emacs. The variables used in Emacs that you | |
1267 are likely to be interested in are listed in the Variables Index in | |
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1268 this manual (@pxref{Variable Index}). @xref{Variables}, for |
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1269 information on variables. |
25829 | 1270 |
1271 @item Version Control | |
1272 Version control systems keep track of multiple versions of a source file. | |
1273 They provide a more powerful alternative to keeping backup files (q.v.@:). | |
1274 @xref{Version Control}. | |
1275 | |
1276 @item Visiting | |
1277 Visiting a file means loading its contents into a buffer (q.v.@:) | |
1278 where they can be edited. @xref{Visiting}. | |
1279 | |
1280 @item Whitespace | |
1281 Whitespace is any run of consecutive formatting characters (space, | |
1282 tab, newline, and backspace). | |
1283 | |
1284 @item Widening | |
1285 Widening is removing any restriction (q.v.@:) on the current buffer; | |
1286 it is the opposite of narrowing (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. | |
1287 | |
1288 @item Window | |
1289 Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which | |
1290 can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. | |
1291 @xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. | |
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1292 @xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. Some |
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1293 other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame' |
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1294 (q.v.@:) in Emacs. |
25829 | 1295 |
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1296 @item Window System |
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1297 A window system is software that operates on a graphical display |
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1298 (q.v.@:), to subdivide the screen so that multiple applications can |
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1299 have their] own windows at the same time. All modern operating systems |
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1300 include a window system. |
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1301 |
25829 | 1302 @item Word Abbrev |
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|
1303 See `abbrev.' |
25829 | 1304 |
1305 @item Word Search | |
1306 Word search is searching for a sequence of words, considering the | |
1307 punctuation between them as insignificant. @xref{Word Search}. | |
1308 | |
1309 @item WYSIWYG | |
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1310 WYSIWYG stands for ``What you see is what you get.'' Emacs generally |
25829 | 1311 provides WYSIWYG editing for files of characters; in Enriched mode |
1312 (@pxref{Formatted Text}), it provides WYSIWYG editing for files that | |
1313 include text formatting information. | |
1314 | |
1315 @item Yanking | |
1316 Yanking means reinserting text previously killed. It can be used to | |
1317 undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some other | |
1318 systems call this ``pasting.'' @xref{Yanking}. | |
1319 @end table | |
1320 | |
52401 | 1321 @ignore |
1322 arch-tag: 0dd53ce1-5f09-4ac2-b13b-cf22b0f28d23 | |
1323 @end ignore |