Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/os.texi @ 76586:57f1bfa7e343
Mark 1998-08-26 change by Kevin Rodgers as tiny.
author | Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com> |
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date | Mon, 19 Mar 2007 18:54:53 +0000 |
parents | 688108e29e1b |
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rev | line source |
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6558 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, |
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4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6558 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/os | |
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7 @node System Interface, Antinews, Display, Top |
6558 | 8 @chapter Operating System Interface |
9 | |
10 This chapter is about starting and getting out of Emacs, access to | |
9009 | 11 values in the operating system environment, and terminal input, output, |
6558 | 12 and flow control. |
13 | |
14 @xref{Building Emacs}, for related information. See also | |
15 @ref{Display}, for additional operating system status information | |
16 pertaining to the terminal and the screen. | |
17 | |
18 @menu | |
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19 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs startup processing. |
6558 | 20 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary). |
21 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system. | |
22 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user. | |
23 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time. | |
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24 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form |
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25 to calendrical data, and vice versa). |
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26 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text |
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27 and vice versa. |
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28 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs. |
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29 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc. |
6558 | 30 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time. |
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31 * Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has |
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32 been idle for a certain length of time. |
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33 * Terminal Input:: Accessing and recording terminal input. |
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34 * Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output. |
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35 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker. |
46228 | 36 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows |
6558 | 37 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction. |
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38 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management. |
6558 | 39 @end menu |
40 | |
41 @node Starting Up | |
42 @section Starting Up Emacs | |
43 | |
44 This section describes what Emacs does when it is started, and how you | |
45 can customize these actions. | |
46 | |
47 @menu | |
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48 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup. |
6558 | 49 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}). |
50 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read. | |
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51 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed, |
6558 | 52 and how you can customize them. |
53 @end menu | |
54 | |
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55 @node Startup Summary |
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56 @subsection Summary: Sequence of Actions at Startup |
6558 | 57 @cindex initialization |
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58 @cindex startup of Emacs |
6558 | 59 @cindex @file{startup.el} |
60 | |
61 The order of operations performed (in @file{startup.el}) by Emacs when | |
62 it is started up is as follows: | |
63 | |
64 @enumerate | |
65 @item | |
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66 It adds subdirectories to @code{load-path}, by running the file named |
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67 @file{subdirs.el} in each directory in the list. Normally this file |
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68 adds the directory's subdirectories to the list, and these will be |
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69 scanned in their turn. The files @file{subdirs.el} are normally |
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70 generated automatically by Emacs installation. |
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71 |
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72 @item |
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73 It sets the language environment and the terminal coding system, |
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74 if requested by environment variables such as @code{LANG}. |
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75 |
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76 @item |
6558 | 77 It loads the initialization library for the window system, if you are |
78 using a window system. This library's name is | |
79 @file{term/@var{windowsystem}-win.el}. | |
80 | |
81 @item | |
12098 | 82 It processes the initial options. (Some of them are handled |
83 even earlier than this.) | |
84 | |
85 @item | |
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86 It initializes the window frame and faces, if appropriate. |
6558 | 87 |
88 @item | |
89 It runs the normal hook @code{before-init-hook}. | |
90 | |
91 @item | |
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92 It loads the library @file{site-start} (if any), unless the option |
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93 @samp{-Q} (or @samp{--no-site-file}) was specified. The library's file |
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94 name is usually @file{site-start.el}. |
6558 | 95 @cindex @file{site-start.el} |
96 | |
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97 @item |
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98 It loads your init file (usually @file{~/.emacs}), unless the option |
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99 @samp{-q} (or @samp{--no-init-file}), @samp{-Q}, or @samp{--batch} was |
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100 specified on the command line. The @samp{-u} option can specify |
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101 another user whose home directory should be used instead of @file{~}. |
6558 | 102 |
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103 @item |
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104 It loads the library @file{default} (if any), unless |
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105 @code{inhibit-default-init} is non-@code{nil}. (This is not done in |
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106 @samp{-batch} mode, or if @samp{-Q} or @samp{-q} was specified on the |
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107 command line.) The library's file name is usually @file{default.el}. |
6558 | 108 @cindex @file{default.el} |
109 | |
110 @item | |
111 It runs the normal hook @code{after-init-hook}. | |
112 | |
113 @item | |
114 It sets the major mode according to @code{initial-major-mode}, provided | |
115 the buffer @samp{*scratch*} is still current and still in Fundamental | |
116 mode. | |
117 | |
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118 @item |
6558 | 119 It loads the terminal-specific Lisp file, if any, except when in batch |
120 mode or using a window system. | |
121 | |
122 @item | |
123 It displays the initial echo area message, unless you have suppressed | |
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124 that with @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message}. |
6558 | 125 |
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126 @item |
12098 | 127 It processes the action arguments from the command line. |
6558 | 128 |
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129 @item |
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130 It runs @code{emacs-startup-hook} and then @code{term-setup-hook}. |
6558 | 131 |
132 @item | |
133 It calls @code{frame-notice-user-settings}, which modifies the | |
134 parameters of the selected frame according to whatever the init files | |
135 specify. | |
136 | |
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137 @item |
6558 | 138 It runs @code{window-setup-hook}. @xref{Window Systems}. |
139 | |
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140 @item |
9009 | 141 It displays copyleft, nonwarranty, and basic use information, provided |
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142 the value of @code{inhibit-startup-message} is @code{nil}, you didn't |
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143 specify @samp{--no-splash} or @samp{-Q}. |
6558 | 144 @end enumerate |
145 | |
146 @defopt inhibit-startup-message | |
147 This variable inhibits the initial startup messages (the nonwarranty, | |
148 etc.). If it is non-@code{nil}, then the messages are not printed. | |
149 | |
150 This variable exists so you can set it in your personal init file, once | |
151 you are familiar with the contents of the startup message. Do not set | |
152 this variable in the init file of a new user, or in a way that affects | |
153 more than one user, because that would prevent new users from receiving | |
154 the information they are supposed to see. | |
155 @end defopt | |
156 | |
157 @defopt inhibit-startup-echo-area-message | |
158 This variable controls the display of the startup echo area message. | |
159 You can suppress the startup echo area message by adding text with this | |
25875 | 160 form to your init file: |
6558 | 161 |
162 @example | |
163 (setq inhibit-startup-echo-area-message | |
164 "@var{your-login-name}") | |
165 @end example | |
166 | |
25875 | 167 Emacs explicitly checks for an expression as shown above in your init |
168 file; your login name must appear in the expression as a Lisp string | |
169 constant. Other methods of setting | |
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170 @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message} to the same value do not |
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171 inhibit the startup message. |
6558 | 172 |
173 This way, you can easily inhibit the message for yourself if you wish, | |
25875 | 174 but thoughtless copying of your init file will not inhibit the message |
175 for someone else. | |
6558 | 176 @end defopt |
177 | |
178 @node Init File | |
25875 | 179 @subsection The Init File, @file{.emacs} |
6558 | 180 @cindex init file |
181 @cindex @file{.emacs} | |
182 | |
25875 | 183 When you start Emacs, it normally attempts to load your @dfn{init |
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184 file}, a file in your home directory. Its normal name is |
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185 @file{.emacs}, but you can also call it @file{.emacs.el}. |
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186 Alternatively, you can use a file named @file{init.el} in a |
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187 subdirectory @file{.emacs.d}. Whichever place you use, you can also |
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188 compile the file (@pxref{Byte Compilation}); then the actual file |
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189 loaded will be @file{.emacs.elc} or @file{init.elc}. |
25875 | 190 |
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191 The command-line switches @samp{-q}, @samp{-Q}, and @samp{-u} |
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192 control whether and where to find the init file; @samp{-q} (and the |
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193 stronger @samp{-Q}) says not to load an init file, while @samp{-u |
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194 @var{user}} says to load @var{user}'s init file instead of yours. |
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195 @xref{Entering Emacs,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. If neither |
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196 option is specified, Emacs uses the @code{LOGNAME} environment |
25875 | 197 variable, or the @code{USER} (most systems) or @code{USERNAME} (MS |
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198 systems) variable, to find your home directory and thus your init |
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199 file; this way, even if you have su'd, Emacs still loads your own init |
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200 file. If those environment variables are absent, though, Emacs uses |
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201 your user-id to find your home directory. |
6558 | 202 |
203 @cindex default init file | |
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204 A site may have a @dfn{default init file}, which is the library |
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205 named @file{default.el}. Emacs finds the @file{default.el} file |
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206 through the standard search path for libraries (@pxref{How Programs Do |
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207 Loading}). The Emacs distribution does not come with this file; sites |
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208 may provide one for local customizations. If the default init file |
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209 exists, it is loaded whenever you start Emacs, except in batch mode or |
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210 if @samp{-q} (or @samp{-Q}) is specified. But your own personal init |
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211 file, if any, is loaded first; if it sets @code{inhibit-default-init} |
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212 to a non-@code{nil} value, then Emacs does not subsequently load the |
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213 @file{default.el} file. |
6558 | 214 |
215 Another file for site-customization is @file{site-start.el}. Emacs | |
216 loads this @emph{before} the user's init file. You can inhibit the | |
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217 loading of this file with the option @samp{--no-site-file}. |
6558 | 218 |
12098 | 219 @defvar site-run-file |
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220 This variable specifies the site-customization file to load before the |
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221 user's init file. Its normal value is @code{"site-start"}. The only |
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222 way you can change it with real effect is to do so before dumping |
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223 Emacs. |
12098 | 224 @end defvar |
225 | |
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226 @xref{Init Examples,, Init File Examples, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
6558 | 227 examples of how to make various commonly desired customizations in your |
228 @file{.emacs} file. | |
229 | |
230 @defopt inhibit-default-init | |
231 This variable prevents Emacs from loading the default initialization | |
232 library file for your session of Emacs. If its value is non-@code{nil}, | |
233 then the default library is not loaded. The default value is | |
234 @code{nil}. | |
235 @end defopt | |
236 | |
237 @defvar before-init-hook | |
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238 This normal hook is run, once, just before loading all the init files |
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239 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}). |
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240 (The only way to change it with real effect is before dumping Emacs.) |
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241 @end defvar |
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242 |
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243 @defvar after-init-hook |
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244 This normal hook is run, once, just after loading all the init files |
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245 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}), |
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246 before loading the terminal-specific library and processing the |
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247 command-line action arguments. |
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248 @end defvar |
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249 |
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250 @defvar emacs-startup-hook |
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251 This normal hook is run, once, just after handling the command line |
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252 arguments, just before @code{term-setup-hook}. |
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253 @end defvar |
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254 |
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255 @defvar user-init-file |
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256 This variable holds the absolute file name of the user's init file. If the |
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257 actual init file loaded is a compiled file, such as @file{.emacs.elc}, |
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258 the value refers to the corresponding source file. |
6558 | 259 @end defvar |
260 | |
261 @node Terminal-Specific | |
262 @subsection Terminal-Specific Initialization | |
263 @cindex terminal-specific initialization | |
264 | |
265 Each terminal type can have its own Lisp library that Emacs loads when | |
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266 run on that type of terminal. The library's name is constructed by |
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267 concatenating the value of the variable @code{term-file-prefix} and the |
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268 terminal type (specified by the environment variable @code{TERM}). |
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269 Normally, @code{term-file-prefix} has the value |
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270 @code{"term/"}; changing this is not recommended. Emacs finds the file |
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271 in the normal manner, by searching the @code{load-path} directories, and |
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272 trying the @samp{.elc} and @samp{.el} suffixes. |
6558 | 273 |
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274 @cindex Termcap |
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275 The usual function of a terminal-specific library is to enable |
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276 special keys to send sequences that Emacs can recognize. It may also |
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277 need to set or add to @code{function-key-map} if the Termcap or |
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278 Terminfo entry does not specify all the terminal's function keys. |
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279 @xref{Terminal Input}. |
6558 | 280 |
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281 When the name of the terminal type contains a hyphen, and no library |
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282 is found whose name is identical to the terminal's name, Emacs strips |
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283 from the terminal's name the last hyphen and everything that follows |
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284 it, and tries again. This process is repeated until Emacs finds a |
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285 matching library or until there are no more hyphens in the name (the |
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286 latter means the terminal doesn't have any library specific to it). |
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287 Thus, for example, if there are no @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30} |
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288 libraries, Emacs will try the same library @file{term/aaa.el} for |
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289 terminal types @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30-rv}. If necessary, the |
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290 library can evaluate @code{(getenv "TERM")} to find the full name of |
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291 the terminal type.@refill |
6558 | 292 |
25875 | 293 Your init file can prevent the loading of the |
6558 | 294 terminal-specific library by setting the variable |
295 @code{term-file-prefix} to @code{nil}. This feature is useful when | |
296 experimenting with your own peculiar customizations. | |
297 | |
298 You can also arrange to override some of the actions of the | |
299 terminal-specific library by setting the variable | |
300 @code{term-setup-hook}. This is a normal hook which Emacs runs using | |
301 @code{run-hooks} at the end of Emacs initialization, after loading both | |
25875 | 302 your init file and any terminal-specific libraries. You can |
6558 | 303 use this variable to define initializations for terminals that do not |
304 have their own libraries. @xref{Hooks}. | |
305 | |
306 @defvar term-file-prefix | |
307 @cindex @code{TERM} environment variable | |
308 If the @code{term-file-prefix} variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs loads | |
309 a terminal-specific initialization file as follows: | |
310 | |
311 @example | |
312 (load (concat term-file-prefix (getenv "TERM"))) | |
313 @end example | |
314 | |
315 @noindent | |
316 You may set the @code{term-file-prefix} variable to @code{nil} in your | |
25875 | 317 init file if you do not wish to load the |
6558 | 318 terminal-initialization file. To do this, put the following in |
25875 | 319 your init file: @code{(setq term-file-prefix nil)}. |
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320 |
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321 On MS-DOS, if the environment variable @code{TERM} is not set, Emacs |
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322 uses @samp{internal} as the terminal type. |
6558 | 323 @end defvar |
324 | |
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325 @defvar term-setup-hook |
9009 | 326 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs after loading your |
25875 | 327 init file, the default initialization file (if any) and the |
6558 | 328 terminal-specific Lisp file. |
329 | |
330 You can use @code{term-setup-hook} to override the definitions made by a | |
331 terminal-specific file. | |
332 @end defvar | |
333 | |
334 See @code{window-setup-hook} in @ref{Window Systems}, for a related | |
335 feature. | |
336 | |
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337 @node Command-Line Arguments |
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338 @subsection Command-Line Arguments |
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339 @cindex command-line arguments |
6558 | 340 |
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341 You can use command-line arguments to request various actions when you |
6558 | 342 start Emacs. Since you do not need to start Emacs more than once per |
343 day, and will often leave your Emacs session running longer than that, | |
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344 command-line arguments are hardly ever used. As a practical matter, it |
6558 | 345 is best to avoid making the habit of using them, since this habit would |
346 encourage you to kill and restart Emacs unnecessarily often. These | |
347 options exist for two reasons: to be compatible with other editors (for | |
348 invocation by other programs) and to enable shell scripts to run | |
349 specific Lisp programs. | |
350 | |
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351 This section describes how Emacs processes command-line arguments, |
6558 | 352 and how you can customize them. |
353 | |
354 @ignore | |
355 (Note that some other editors require you to start afresh each time | |
356 you want to edit a file. With this kind of editor, you will probably | |
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357 specify the file as a command-line argument. The recommended way to |
6558 | 358 use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just after you log in, and do |
359 all your editing in the same Emacs process. Each time you want to edit | |
360 a different file, you visit it with the existing Emacs, which eventually | |
361 comes to have many files in it ready for editing. Usually you do not | |
362 kill the Emacs until you are about to log out.) | |
363 @end ignore | |
364 | |
365 @defun command-line | |
9009 | 366 This function parses the command line that Emacs was called with, |
25875 | 367 processes it, loads the user's init file and displays the |
9009 | 368 startup messages. |
6558 | 369 @end defun |
370 | |
371 @defvar command-line-processed | |
372 The value of this variable is @code{t} once the command line has been | |
373 processed. | |
374 | |
375 If you redump Emacs by calling @code{dump-emacs}, you may wish to set | |
376 this variable to @code{nil} first in order to cause the new dumped Emacs | |
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377 to process its new command-line arguments. |
6558 | 378 @end defvar |
379 | |
380 @defvar command-switch-alist | |
381 @cindex switches on command line | |
382 @cindex options on command line | |
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383 @cindex command-line options |
6558 | 384 The value of this variable is an alist of user-defined command-line |
385 options and associated handler functions. This variable exists so you | |
386 can add elements to it. | |
387 | |
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388 A @dfn{command-line option} is an argument on the command line, which |
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389 has the form: |
6558 | 390 |
391 @example | |
392 -@var{option} | |
393 @end example | |
394 | |
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395 The elements of the @code{command-switch-alist} look like this: |
6558 | 396 |
397 @example | |
398 (@var{option} . @var{handler-function}) | |
399 @end example | |
400 | |
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401 The @sc{car}, @var{option}, is a string, the name of a command-line |
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402 option (not including the initial hyphen). The @var{handler-function} |
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403 is called to handle @var{option}, and receives the option name as its |
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404 sole argument. |
6558 | 405 |
406 In some cases, the option is followed in the command line by an | |
407 argument. In these cases, the @var{handler-function} can find all the | |
408 remaining command-line arguments in the variable | |
409 @code{command-line-args-left}. (The entire list of command-line | |
410 arguments is in @code{command-line-args}.) | |
411 | |
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412 The command-line arguments are parsed by the @code{command-line-1} |
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413 function in the @file{startup.el} file. See also @ref{Emacs |
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414 Invocation, , Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation, emacs, The |
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415 GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6558 | 416 @end defvar |
417 | |
418 @defvar command-line-args | |
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419 The value of this variable is the list of command-line arguments passed |
6558 | 420 to Emacs. |
421 @end defvar | |
422 | |
423 @defvar command-line-functions | |
424 This variable's value is a list of functions for handling an | |
425 unrecognized command-line argument. Each time the next argument to be | |
426 processed has no special meaning, the functions in this list are called, | |
9009 | 427 in order of appearance, until one of them returns a non-@code{nil} |
6558 | 428 value. |
429 | |
430 These functions are called with no arguments. They can access the | |
431 command-line argument under consideration through the variable | |
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432 @code{argi}, which is bound temporarily at this point. The remaining |
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433 arguments (not including the current one) are in the variable |
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434 @code{command-line-args-left}. |
6558 | 435 |
436 When a function recognizes and processes the argument in @code{argi}, it | |
437 should return a non-@code{nil} value to say it has dealt with that | |
438 argument. If it has also dealt with some of the following arguments, it | |
439 can indicate that by deleting them from @code{command-line-args-left}. | |
440 | |
441 If all of these functions return @code{nil}, then the argument is used | |
442 as a file name to visit. | |
443 @end defvar | |
444 | |
445 @node Getting Out | |
446 @section Getting Out of Emacs | |
447 @cindex exiting Emacs | |
448 | |
449 There are two ways to get out of Emacs: you can kill the Emacs job, | |
450 which exits permanently, or you can suspend it, which permits you to | |
451 reenter the Emacs process later. As a practical matter, you seldom kill | |
452 Emacs---only when you are about to log out. Suspending is much more | |
453 common. | |
454 | |
455 @menu | |
456 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly. | |
457 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly. | |
458 @end menu | |
459 | |
460 @node Killing Emacs | |
461 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
462 @subsection Killing Emacs | |
463 @cindex killing Emacs | |
464 | |
465 Killing Emacs means ending the execution of the Emacs process. The | |
466 parent process normally resumes control. The low-level primitive for | |
467 killing Emacs is @code{kill-emacs}. | |
468 | |
469 @defun kill-emacs &optional exit-data | |
470 This function exits the Emacs process and kills it. | |
471 | |
472 If @var{exit-data} is an integer, then it is used as the exit status | |
473 of the Emacs process. (This is useful primarily in batch operation; see | |
474 @ref{Batch Mode}.) | |
475 | |
476 If @var{exit-data} is a string, its contents are stuffed into the | |
477 terminal input buffer so that the shell (or whatever program next reads | |
478 input) can read them. | |
479 @end defun | |
480 | |
481 All the information in the Emacs process, aside from files that have | |
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482 been saved, is lost when the Emacs process is killed. Because killing |
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483 Emacs inadvertently can lose a lot of work, Emacs queries for |
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484 confirmation before actually terminating if you have buffers that need |
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485 saving or subprocesses that are running. This is done in the function |
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486 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}, the higher level function from which |
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487 @code{kill-emacs} is usually called. |
6558 | 488 |
489 @defvar kill-emacs-query-functions | |
490 After asking the standard questions, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} | |
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491 calls the functions in the list @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}, in |
6558 | 492 order of appearance, with no arguments. These functions can ask for |
493 additional confirmation from the user. If any of them returns | |
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494 @code{nil}, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} does not kill Emacs, and |
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495 does not run the remaining functions in this hook. Calling |
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496 @code{kill-emacs} directly does not run this hook. |
6558 | 497 @end defvar |
498 | |
499 @defvar kill-emacs-hook | |
500 This variable is a normal hook; once @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} is | |
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501 finished with all file saving and confirmation, it calls |
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502 @code{kill-emacs} which runs the functions in this hook. |
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503 @code{kill-emacs} does not run this hook in batch mode. |
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504 |
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505 @code{kill-emacs} may be invoked directly (that is not via |
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506 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}) if the terminal is disconnected, or in |
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507 similar situations where interaction with the user is not possible. |
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508 Thus, if your hook needs to interact with the user, put it on |
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509 @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}; if it needs to run regardless of |
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510 how Emacs is killed, put it on @code{kill-emacs-hook}. |
6558 | 511 @end defvar |
512 | |
513 @node Suspending Emacs | |
514 @subsection Suspending Emacs | |
515 @cindex suspending Emacs | |
516 | |
517 @dfn{Suspending Emacs} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning | |
518 control to its superior process, which is usually the shell. This | |
519 allows you to resume editing later in the same Emacs process, with the | |
520 same buffers, the same kill ring, the same undo history, and so on. To | |
521 resume Emacs, use the appropriate command in the parent shell---most | |
522 likely @code{fg}. | |
523 | |
524 Some operating systems do not support suspension of jobs; on these | |
525 systems, ``suspension'' actually creates a new shell temporarily as a | |
526 subprocess of Emacs. Then you would exit the shell to return to Emacs. | |
527 | |
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528 Suspension is not useful with window systems, because the Emacs job |
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529 may not have a parent that can resume it again, and in any case you can |
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530 give input to some other job such as a shell merely by moving to a |
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531 different window. Therefore, suspending is not allowed when Emacs is using |
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532 a window system (X, MS Windows, or Mac). |
6558 | 533 |
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534 @defun suspend-emacs &optional string |
6558 | 535 This function stops Emacs and returns control to the superior process. |
536 If and when the superior process resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} | |
537 returns @code{nil} to its caller in Lisp. | |
538 | |
539 If @var{string} is non-@code{nil}, its characters are sent to be read | |
540 as terminal input by Emacs's superior shell. The characters in | |
541 @var{string} are not echoed by the superior shell; only the results | |
542 appear. | |
543 | |
544 Before suspending, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook | |
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545 @code{suspend-hook}. |
6558 | 546 |
9009 | 547 After the user resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook |
6558 | 548 @code{suspend-resume-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
549 | |
550 The next redisplay after resumption will redraw the entire screen, | |
551 unless the variable @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} is non-@code{nil} | |
552 (@pxref{Refresh Screen}). | |
553 | |
554 In the following example, note that @samp{pwd} is not echoed after | |
555 Emacs is suspended. But it is read and executed by the shell. | |
556 | |
557 @smallexample | |
558 @group | |
559 (suspend-emacs) | |
560 @result{} nil | |
561 @end group | |
562 | |
563 @group | |
564 (add-hook 'suspend-hook | |
565 (function (lambda () | |
566 (or (y-or-n-p | |
567 "Really suspend? ") | |
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568 (error "Suspend canceled"))))) |
6558 | 569 @result{} (lambda nil |
570 (or (y-or-n-p "Really suspend? ") | |
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571 (error "Suspend canceled"))) |
6558 | 572 @end group |
573 @group | |
574 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook | |
575 (function (lambda () (message "Resumed!")))) | |
576 @result{} (lambda nil (message "Resumed!")) | |
577 @end group | |
578 @group | |
579 (suspend-emacs "pwd") | |
580 @result{} nil | |
581 @end group | |
582 @group | |
583 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
584 Really suspend? @kbd{y} | |
585 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
586 @end group | |
587 | |
588 @group | |
589 ---------- Parent Shell ---------- | |
590 lewis@@slug[23] % /user/lewis/manual | |
591 lewis@@slug[24] % fg | |
592 @end group | |
593 | |
594 @group | |
595 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
596 Resumed! | |
597 @end group | |
598 @end smallexample | |
599 @end defun | |
600 | |
601 @defvar suspend-hook | |
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602 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs before suspending. |
6558 | 603 @end defvar |
604 | |
605 @defvar suspend-resume-hook | |
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606 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs on resuming |
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607 after a suspension. |
6558 | 608 @end defvar |
609 | |
610 @node System Environment | |
611 @section Operating System Environment | |
612 @cindex operating system environment | |
613 | |
614 Emacs provides access to variables in the operating system environment | |
615 through various functions. These variables include the name of the | |
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616 system, the user's @acronym{UID}, and so on. |
6558 | 617 |
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618 @defvar system-configuration |
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619 This variable holds the standard GNU configuration name for the |
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620 hardware/software configuration of your system, as a string. The |
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621 convenient way to test parts of this string is with |
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622 @code{string-match}. |
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623 @end defvar |
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624 |
6558 | 625 @defvar system-type |
12098 | 626 The value of this variable is a symbol indicating the type of operating |
627 system Emacs is operating on. Here is a table of the possible values: | |
6558 | 628 |
629 @table @code | |
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630 @item alpha-vms |
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631 VMS on the Alpha. |
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632 |
6558 | 633 @item aix-v3 |
634 AIX. | |
635 | |
636 @item berkeley-unix | |
637 Berkeley BSD. | |
638 | |
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639 @item cygwin |
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640 Cygwin. |
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641 |
12098 | 642 @item dgux |
643 Data General DGUX operating system. | |
644 | |
645 @item gnu | |
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646 the GNU system (using the GNU kernel, which consists of the HURD and Mach). |
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647 |
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648 @item gnu/linux |
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649 A GNU/Linux system---that is, a variant GNU system, using the Linux |
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650 kernel. (These systems are the ones people often call ``Linux,'' but |
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651 actually Linux is just the kernel, not the whole system.) |
12098 | 652 |
6558 | 653 @item hpux |
12098 | 654 Hewlett-Packard HPUX operating system. |
6558 | 655 |
656 @item irix | |
657 Silicon Graphics Irix system. | |
658 | |
12098 | 659 @item ms-dos |
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660 Microsoft MS-DOS ``operating system.'' Emacs compiled with DJGPP for |
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661 MS-DOS binds @code{system-type} to @code{ms-dos} even when you run it on |
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662 MS-Windows. |
12098 | 663 |
664 @item next-mach | |
665 NeXT Mach-based system. | |
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666 |
6558 | 667 @item rtu |
668 Masscomp RTU, UCB universe. | |
669 | |
670 @item unisoft-unix | |
671 UniSoft UniPlus. | |
672 | |
673 @item usg-unix-v | |
674 AT&T System V. | |
675 | |
676 @item vax-vms | |
677 VAX VMS. | |
678 | |
12098 | 679 @item windows-nt |
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680 Microsoft windows NT. The same executable supports Windows 9X, but the |
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681 value of @code{system-type} is @code{windows-nt} in either case. |
12098 | 682 |
6558 | 683 @item xenix |
684 SCO Xenix 386. | |
685 @end table | |
686 | |
687 We do not wish to add new symbols to make finer distinctions unless it | |
688 is absolutely necessary! In fact, we hope to eliminate some of these | |
689 alternatives in the future. We recommend using | |
690 @code{system-configuration} to distinguish between different operating | |
691 systems. | |
692 @end defvar | |
693 | |
694 @defun system-name | |
695 This function returns the name of the machine you are running on. | |
696 @example | |
697 (system-name) | |
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698 @result{} "www.gnu.org" |
6558 | 699 @end example |
700 @end defun | |
701 | |
12067 | 702 The symbol @code{system-name} is a variable as well as a function. In |
703 fact, the function returns whatever value the variable | |
704 @code{system-name} currently holds. Thus, you can set the variable | |
705 @code{system-name} in case Emacs is confused about the name of your | |
706 system. The variable is also useful for constructing frame titles | |
707 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). | |
708 | |
709 @defvar mail-host-address | |
710 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it is used instead of | |
711 @code{system-name} for purposes of generating email addresses. For | |
712 example, it is used when constructing the default value of | |
713 @code{user-mail-address}. @xref{User Identification}. (Since this is | |
714 done when Emacs starts up, the value actually used is the one saved when | |
715 Emacs was dumped. @xref{Building Emacs}.) | |
716 @end defvar | |
717 | |
32839 | 718 @deffn Command getenv var |
6558 | 719 @cindex environment variable access |
720 This function returns the value of the environment variable @var{var}, | |
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721 as a string. @var{var} should be a string. If @var{var} is undefined |
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722 in the environment, @code{getenv} returns @code{nil}. If returns |
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723 @samp{""} if @var{var} is set but null. Within Emacs, the environment |
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724 variable values are kept in the Lisp variable @code{process-environment}. |
6558 | 725 |
726 @example | |
727 @group | |
728 (getenv "USER") | |
729 @result{} "lewis" | |
730 @end group | |
731 | |
732 @group | |
733 lewis@@slug[10] % printenv | |
734 PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin | |
735 USER=lewis | |
736 @end group | |
737 @group | |
738 TERM=ibmapa16 | |
739 SHELL=/bin/csh | |
740 HOME=/user/lewis | |
741 @end group | |
742 @end example | |
32924 | 743 @end deffn |
6558 | 744 |
745 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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746 @deffn Command setenv variable &optional value |
6558 | 747 This command sets the value of the environment variable named |
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748 @var{variable} to @var{value}. @var{variable} should be a string. |
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749 Internally, Emacs Lisp can handle any string. However, normally |
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750 @var{variable} should be a valid shell identifier, that is, a sequence |
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751 of letters, digits and underscores, starting with a letter or |
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752 underscore. Otherwise, errors may occur if subprocesses of Emacs try |
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753 to access the value of @var{variable}. If @var{value} is omitted or |
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754 @code{nil}, @code{setenv} removes @var{variable} from the environment. |
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755 Otherwise, @var{value} should be a string. |
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756 |
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757 @code{setenv} works by modifying @code{process-environment}; binding |
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758 that variable with @code{let} is also reasonable practice. |
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759 |
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760 @code{setenv} returns the new value of @var{variable}, or @code{nil} |
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761 if it removed @var{variable} from the environment. |
6558 | 762 @end deffn |
763 | |
764 @defvar process-environment | |
765 This variable is a list of strings, each describing one environment | |
766 variable. The functions @code{getenv} and @code{setenv} work by means | |
767 of this variable. | |
768 | |
769 @smallexample | |
770 @group | |
771 process-environment | |
772 @result{} ("l=/usr/stanford/lib/gnuemacs/lisp" | |
773 "PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/class:/nfsusr/local/bin" | |
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774 "USER=lewis" |
6558 | 775 @end group |
776 @group | |
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777 "TERM=ibmapa16" |
6558 | 778 "SHELL=/bin/csh" |
779 "HOME=/user/lewis") | |
780 @end group | |
781 @end smallexample | |
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782 |
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|
783 If @code{process-environment} contains ``duplicate'' elements that |
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784 specify the same environment variable, the first of these elements |
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785 specifies the variable, and the other ``duplicates'' are ignored. |
6558 | 786 @end defvar |
787 | |
12098 | 788 @defvar path-separator |
789 This variable holds a string which says which character separates | |
790 directories in a search path (as found in an environment variable). Its | |
791 value is @code{":"} for Unix and GNU systems, and @code{";"} for MS-DOS | |
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|
792 and MS-Windows. |
12098 | 793 @end defvar |
794 | |
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795 @defun parse-colon-path path |
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796 This function takes a search path string such as would be the value of |
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797 the @code{PATH} environment variable, and splits it at the separators, |
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798 returning a list of directory names. @code{nil} in this list stands for |
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|
799 ``use the current directory.'' Although the function's name says |
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|
800 ``colon,'' it actually uses the value of @code{path-separator}. |
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801 |
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802 @example |
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803 (parse-colon-path ":/foo:/bar") |
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804 @result{} (nil "/foo/" "/bar/") |
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805 @end example |
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806 @end defun |
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807 |
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808 @defvar invocation-name |
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809 This variable holds the program name under which Emacs was invoked. The |
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810 value is a string, and does not include a directory name. |
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811 @end defvar |
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812 |
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813 @defvar invocation-directory |
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814 This variable holds the directory from which the Emacs executable was |
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815 invoked, or perhaps @code{nil} if that directory cannot be determined. |
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816 @end defvar |
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817 |
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|
818 @defvar installation-directory |
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819 If non-@code{nil}, this is a directory within which to look for the |
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820 @file{lib-src} and @file{etc} subdirectories. This is non-@code{nil} |
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821 when Emacs can't find those directories in their standard installed |
9009 | 822 locations, but can find them in a directory related somehow to the one |
823 containing the Emacs executable. | |
7086
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824 @end defvar |
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825 |
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826 @defun load-average &optional use-float |
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827 This function returns the current 1-minute, 5-minute, and 15-minute load |
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828 averages, in a list. |
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829 |
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830 By default, the values are integers that are 100 times the system load |
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831 averages, which indicate the average number of processes trying to run. |
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832 If @var{use-float} is non-@code{nil}, then they are returned |
22252
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833 as floating point numbers and without multiplying by 100. |
6558 | 834 |
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835 If it is impossible to obtain the load average, this function signals |
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|
836 an error. On some platforms, access to load averages requires |
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|
837 installing Emacs as setuid or setgid so that it can read kernel |
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|
838 information, and that usually isn't advisable. |
52783 | 839 |
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|
840 If the 1-minute load average is available, but the 5- or 15-minute |
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841 averages are not, this function returns a shortened list containing |
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|
842 the available averages. |
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843 |
6558 | 844 @example |
845 @group | |
846 (load-average) | |
847 @result{} (169 48 36) | |
848 @end group | |
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849 @group |
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|
850 (load-average t) |
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851 @result{} (1.69 0.48 0.36) |
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852 @end group |
6558 | 853 |
854 @group | |
855 lewis@@rocky[5] % uptime | |
856 11:55am up 1 day, 19:37, 3 users, | |
857 load average: 1.69, 0.48, 0.36 | |
858 @end group | |
859 @end example | |
860 @end defun | |
861 | |
862 @defun emacs-pid | |
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863 This function returns the process @acronym{ID} of the Emacs process, |
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864 as an integer. |
6558 | 865 @end defun |
866 | |
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867 @defvar tty-erase-char |
21007
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868 This variable holds the erase character that was selected |
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|
869 in the system's terminal driver, before Emacs was started. |
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|
870 The value is @code{nil} if Emacs is running under a window system. |
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871 @end defvar |
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872 |
6558 | 873 @defun setprv privilege-name &optional setp getprv |
874 This function sets or resets a VMS privilege. (It does not exist on | |
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875 other systems.) The first argument is the privilege name, as a string. |
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876 The second argument, @var{setp}, is @code{t} or @code{nil}, indicating |
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877 whether the privilege is to be turned on or off. Its default is |
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878 @code{nil}. The function returns @code{t} if successful, @code{nil} |
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879 otherwise. |
6558 | 880 |
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|
881 If the third argument, @var{getprv}, is non-@code{nil}, @code{setprv} |
6558 | 882 does not change the privilege, but returns @code{t} or @code{nil} |
883 indicating whether the privilege is currently enabled. | |
884 @end defun | |
885 | |
886 @node User Identification | |
887 @section User Identification | |
888 | |
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889 @defvar init-file-user |
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|
890 This variable says which user's init files should be used by |
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891 Emacs---or @code{nil} if none. @code{""} stands for the user who |
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|
892 originally logged in. The value reflects command-line options such as |
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893 @samp{-q} or @samp{-u @var{user}}. |
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894 |
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|
895 Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort of |
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896 user profile, should obey this variable in deciding where to find it. |
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897 They should load the profile of the user name found in this variable. |
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898 If @code{init-file-user} is @code{nil}, meaning that the @samp{-q} |
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899 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load any customization |
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900 files or user profile. |
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901 @end defvar |
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902 |
12067 | 903 @defvar user-mail-address |
904 This holds the nominal email address of the user who is using Emacs. | |
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905 Emacs normally sets this variable to a default value after reading your |
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906 init files, but not if you have already set it. So you can set the |
25875 | 907 variable to some other value in your init file if you do not |
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|
908 want to use the default value. |
12067 | 909 @end defvar |
910 | |
911 @defun user-login-name &optional uid | |
912 If you don't specify @var{uid}, this function returns the name under | |
913 which the user is logged in. If the environment variable @code{LOGNAME} | |
914 is set, that value is used. Otherwise, if the environment variable | |
915 @code{USER} is set, that value is used. Otherwise, the value is based | |
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916 on the effective @acronym{UID}, not the real @acronym{UID}. |
12067 | 917 |
918 If you specify @var{uid}, the value is the user name that corresponds | |
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919 to @var{uid} (which should be an integer), or @code{nil} if there is |
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920 no such user. |
6558 | 921 |
922 @example | |
923 @group | |
924 (user-login-name) | |
925 @result{} "lewis" | |
926 @end group | |
927 @end example | |
928 @end defun | |
929 | |
930 @defun user-real-login-name | |
931 This function returns the user name corresponding to Emacs's real | |
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|
932 @acronym{UID}. This ignores the effective @acronym{UID} and ignores the |
6558 | 933 environment variables @code{LOGNAME} and @code{USER}. |
934 @end defun | |
935 | |
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936 @defun user-full-name &optional uid |
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937 This function returns the full name of the logged-in user---or the value |
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|
938 of the environment variable @code{NAME}, if that is set. |
6558 | 939 |
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940 @c "Bil" is the correct spelling. |
6558 | 941 @example |
942 @group | |
943 (user-full-name) | |
944 @result{} "Bil Lewis" | |
945 @end group | |
946 @end example | |
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947 |
24848 | 948 If the Emacs job's user-id does not correspond to any known user (and |
949 provided @code{NAME} is not set), the value is @code{"unknown"}. | |
950 | |
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951 If @var{uid} is non-@code{nil}, then it should be a number (a user-id) |
24848 | 952 or a string (a login name). Then @code{user-full-name} returns the full |
953 name corresponding to that user-id or login name. If you specify a | |
954 user-id or login name that isn't defined, it returns @code{nil}. | |
6558 | 955 @end defun |
956 | |
12067 | 957 @vindex user-full-name |
958 @vindex user-real-login-name | |
959 @vindex user-login-name | |
960 The symbols @code{user-login-name}, @code{user-real-login-name} and | |
961 @code{user-full-name} are variables as well as functions. The functions | |
962 return the same values that the variables hold. These variables allow | |
963 you to ``fake out'' Emacs by telling the functions what to return. The | |
964 variables are also useful for constructing frame titles (@pxref{Frame | |
965 Titles}). | |
966 | |
6558 | 967 @defun user-real-uid |
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|
968 This function returns the real @acronym{UID} of the user. |
51918
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|
969 The value may be a floating point number. |
6558 | 970 |
971 @example | |
972 @group | |
973 (user-real-uid) | |
974 @result{} 19 | |
975 @end group | |
976 @end example | |
977 @end defun | |
978 | |
979 @defun user-uid | |
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|
980 This function returns the effective @acronym{UID} of the user. |
51918
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981 The value may be a floating point number. |
6558 | 982 @end defun |
983 | |
984 @node Time of Day | |
985 @section Time of Day | |
986 | |
987 This section explains how to determine the current time and the time | |
988 zone. | |
989 | |
990 @defun current-time-string &optional time-value | |
22138
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*** empty log message ***
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991 This function returns the current time and date as a human-readable |
6558 | 992 string. The format of the string is unvarying; the number of characters |
993 used for each part is always the same, so you can reliably use | |
12098 | 994 @code{substring} to extract pieces of it. It is wise to count the |
995 characters from the beginning of the string rather than from the end, as | |
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996 additional information may some day be added at the end. |
6558 | 997 |
998 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
999 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to format | |
12098 | 1000 instead of the current time. The argument should be a list whose first |
1001 two elements are integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from | |
1002 @code{current-time} (see below) and from @code{file-attributes} | |
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1003 (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). @var{time-value} can also be |
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1004 a cons of two integers, but this is considered obsolete. |
6558 | 1005 |
1006 @example | |
1007 @group | |
1008 (current-time-string) | |
1009 @result{} "Wed Oct 14 22:21:05 1987" | |
1010 @end group | |
1011 @end example | |
1012 @end defun | |
1013 | |
1014 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1015 @defun current-time | |
1016 This function returns the system's time value as a list of three | |
1017 integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The integers | |
1018 @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of seconds since | |
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1019 0:00 January 1, 1970 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), which is |
27193 | 1020 @ifnottex |
6558 | 1021 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
27193 | 1022 @end ifnottex |
6558 | 1023 @tex |
9009 | 1024 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
6558 | 1025 @end tex |
1026 | |
1027 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the | |
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*** empty log message ***
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1028 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with |
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|
1029 the resolution of only one second). |
6558 | 1030 |
1031 The first two elements can be compared with file time values such as you | |
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1032 get with the function @code{file-attributes}. |
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1033 @xref{Definition of file-attributes}. |
6558 | 1034 @end defun |
1035 | |
1036 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1037 @defun current-time-zone &optional time-value | |
1038 This function returns a list describing the time zone that the user is | |
1039 in. | |
1040 | |
1041 The value has the form @code{(@var{offset} @var{name})}. Here | |
1042 @var{offset} is an integer giving the number of seconds ahead of UTC | |
1043 (east of Greenwich). A negative value means west of Greenwich. The | |
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1044 second element, @var{name}, is a string giving the name of the time |
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1045 zone. Both elements change when daylight saving time begins or ends; |
6558 | 1046 if the user has specified a time zone that does not use a seasonal time |
1047 adjustment, then the value is constant through time. | |
1048 | |
1049 If the operating system doesn't supply all the information necessary to | |
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1050 compute the value, the unknown elements of the list are @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1051 |
1052 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to analyze | |
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1053 instead of the current time. The argument should have the same form |
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1054 as for @code{current-time-string} (see above). Thus, you can use |
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1055 times obtained from @code{current-time} (see above) and from |
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1056 @code{file-attributes}. @xref{Definition of file-attributes}. |
12067 | 1057 @end defun |
1058 | |
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1059 @defun set-time-zone-rule tz |
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1060 This function specifies the local time zone according to @var{tz}. If |
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1061 @var{tz} is @code{nil}, that means to use an implementation-defined |
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1062 default time zone. If @var{tz} is @code{t}, that means to use |
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1063 Universal Time. Otherwise, @var{tz} should be a string specifying a |
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1064 time zone rule. |
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1065 @end defun |
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1066 |
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1067 @defun float-time &optional time-value |
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1068 This function returns the current time as a floating-point number of |
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1069 seconds since the epoch. The argument @var{time-value}, if given, |
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1070 specifies a time to convert instead of the current time. The argument |
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1071 should have the same form as for @code{current-time-string} (see |
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1072 above). Thus, it accepts the output of @code{current-time} and |
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1073 @code{file-attributes}. |
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1074 |
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1075 @emph{Warning}: Since the result is floating point, it may not be |
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1076 exact. Do not use this function if precise time stamps are required. |
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1077 @end defun |
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1078 |
12067 | 1079 @node Time Conversion |
1080 @section Time Conversion | |
1081 | |
1082 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers) | |
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1083 to calendrical information and vice versa. You can get time values |
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1084 from the functions @code{current-time} (@pxref{Time of Day}) and |
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1085 @code{file-attributes} (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). |
12067 | 1086 |
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1087 Many operating systems are limited to time values that contain 32 bits |
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1088 of information; these systems typically handle only the times from |
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1089 1901-12-13 20:45:52 UTC through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. However, some |
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1090 operating systems have larger time values, and can represent times far |
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1091 in the past or future. |
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1092 |
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1093 Time conversion functions always use the Gregorian calendar, even |
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1094 for dates before the Gregorian calendar was introduced. Year numbers |
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1095 count the number of years since the year 1 B.C., and do not skip zero |
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|
1096 as traditional Gregorian years do; for example, the year number |
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|
1097 @minus{}37 represents the Gregorian year 38 B.C@. |
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|
1098 |
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|
1099 @defun decode-time &optional time |
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1100 This function converts a time value into calendrical information. If |
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|
1101 you don't specify @var{time}, it decodes the current time. The return |
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1102 value is a list of nine elements, as follows: |
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|
1103 |
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|
1104 @example |
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|
1105 (@var{seconds} @var{minutes} @var{hour} @var{day} @var{month} @var{year} @var{dow} @var{dst} @var{zone}) |
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|
1106 @end example |
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|
1107 |
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|
1108 Here is what the elements mean: |
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1109 |
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|
1110 @table @var |
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1111 @item seconds |
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1112 The number of seconds past the minute, as an integer between 0 and 59. |
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1113 On some operating systems, this is 60 for leap seconds. |
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1114 @item minutes |
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1115 The number of minutes past the hour, as an integer between 0 and 59. |
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1116 @item hour |
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|
1117 The hour of the day, as an integer between 0 and 23. |
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1118 @item day |
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1119 The day of the month, as an integer between 1 and 31. |
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1120 @item month |
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1121 The month of the year, as an integer between 1 and 12. |
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1122 @item year |
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1123 The year, an integer typically greater than 1900. |
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1124 @item dow |
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1125 The day of week, as an integer between 0 and 6, where 0 stands for |
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1126 Sunday. |
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1127 @item dst |
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1128 @code{t} if daylight saving time is effect, otherwise @code{nil}. |
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1129 @item zone |
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1130 An integer indicating the time zone, as the number of seconds east of |
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1131 Greenwich. |
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1132 @end table |
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1133 |
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|
1134 @strong{Common Lisp Note:} Common Lisp has different meanings for |
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|
1135 @var{dow} and @var{zone}. |
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1136 @end defun |
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1137 |
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1138 @defun encode-time seconds minutes hour day month year &optional zone |
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1139 This function is the inverse of @code{decode-time}. It converts seven |
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1140 items of calendrical data into a time value. For the meanings of the |
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1141 arguments, see the table above under @code{decode-time}. |
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1142 |
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1143 Year numbers less than 100 are not treated specially. If you want them |
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|
1144 to stand for years above 1900, or years above 2000, you must alter them |
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1145 yourself before you call @code{encode-time}. |
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|
1146 |
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|
1147 The optional argument @var{zone} defaults to the current time zone and |
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Fix "daylight savings time" -> "daylight saving time" typo.
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|
1148 its daylight saving time rules. If specified, it can be either a list |
64914
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|
1149 (as you would get from @code{current-time-zone}), a string as in the |
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|
1150 @code{TZ} environment variable, @code{t} for Universal Time, or an |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1151 integer (as you would get from @code{decode-time}). The specified |
76510
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Fix "daylight savings time" -> "daylight saving time" typo.
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|
1152 zone is used without any further alteration for daylight saving time. |
64914
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|
1153 |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1154 If you pass more than seven arguments to @code{encode-time}, the first |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1155 six are used as @var{seconds} through @var{year}, the last argument is |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1156 used as @var{zone}, and the arguments in between are ignored. This |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1157 feature makes it possible to use the elements of a list returned by |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1158 @code{decode-time} as the arguments to @code{encode-time}, like this: |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1159 |
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|
1160 @example |
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|
1161 (apply 'encode-time (decode-time @dots{})) |
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|
1162 @end example |
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|
1163 |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1164 You can perform simple date arithmetic by using out-of-range values for |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1165 the @var{seconds}, @var{minutes}, @var{hour}, @var{day}, and @var{month} |
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|
1166 arguments; for example, day 0 means the day preceding the given month. |
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|
1167 |
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|
1168 The operating system puts limits on the range of possible time values; |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1169 if you try to encode a time that is out of range, an error results. |
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|
1170 For instance, years before 1970 do not work on some systems; |
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1171 on others, years as early as 1901 do work. |
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1172 @end defun |
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|
1173 |
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|
1174 @node Time Parsing |
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|
1175 @section Parsing and Formatting Times |
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|
1176 |
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|
1177 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers) |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1178 to text in a string, and vice versa. |
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Explain range of time values, and what negative year numbers mean.
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|
1179 |
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|
1180 @defun date-to-time string |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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1181 This function parses the time-string @var{string} and returns the |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1182 corresponding time value. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1183 @end defun |
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|
1184 |
26242 | 1185 @defun format-time-string format-string &optional time universal |
1186 This function converts @var{time} (or the current time, if @var{time} is | |
1187 omitted) to a string according to @var{format-string}. The argument | |
1188 @var{format-string} may contain @samp{%}-sequences which say to | |
1189 substitute parts of the time. Here is a table of what the | |
1190 @samp{%}-sequences mean: | |
12067 | 1191 |
1192 @table @samp | |
1193 @item %a | |
1194 This stands for the abbreviated name of the day of week. | |
1195 @item %A | |
1196 This stands for the full name of the day of week. | |
1197 @item %b | |
1198 This stands for the abbreviated name of the month. | |
1199 @item %B | |
1200 This stands for the full name of the month. | |
1201 @item %c | |
1202 This is a synonym for @samp{%x %X}. | |
1203 @item %C | |
12098 | 1204 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named C), it |
1205 is equivalent to @samp{%A, %B %e, %Y}. | |
12067 | 1206 @item %d |
1207 This stands for the day of month, zero-padded. | |
1208 @item %D | |
1209 This is a synonym for @samp{%m/%d/%y}. | |
1210 @item %e | |
1211 This stands for the day of month, blank-padded. | |
1212 @item %h | |
1213 This is a synonym for @samp{%b}. | |
1214 @item %H | |
1215 This stands for the hour (00-23). | |
1216 @item %I | |
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1217 This stands for the hour (01-12). |
12067 | 1218 @item %j |
1219 This stands for the day of the year (001-366). | |
1220 @item %k | |
1221 This stands for the hour (0-23), blank padded. | |
1222 @item %l | |
1223 This stands for the hour (1-12), blank padded. | |
1224 @item %m | |
1225 This stands for the month (01-12). | |
1226 @item %M | |
1227 This stands for the minute (00-59). | |
1228 @item %n | |
1229 This stands for a newline. | |
1230 @item %p | |
1231 This stands for @samp{AM} or @samp{PM}, as appropriate. | |
1232 @item %r | |
1233 This is a synonym for @samp{%I:%M:%S %p}. | |
1234 @item %R | |
1235 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M}. | |
1236 @item %S | |
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1237 This stands for the seconds (00-59). |
12067 | 1238 @item %t |
1239 This stands for a tab character. | |
1240 @item %T | |
1241 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M:%S}. | |
1242 @item %U | |
1243 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks | |
1244 start on Sunday. | |
1245 @item %w | |
1246 This stands for the numeric day of week (0-6). Sunday is day 0. | |
1247 @item %W | |
1248 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks | |
1249 start on Monday. | |
1250 @item %x | |
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1251 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named |
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1252 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%D}. |
12067 | 1253 @item %X |
21682
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1254 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named |
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|
1255 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%T}. |
12067 | 1256 @item %y |
1257 This stands for the year without century (00-99). | |
1258 @item %Y | |
1259 This stands for the year with century. | |
1260 @item %Z | |
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1261 This stands for the time zone abbreviation (e.g., @samp{EST}). |
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1262 @item %z |
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1263 This stands for the time zone numerical offset (e.g., @samp{-0500}). |
12067 | 1264 @end table |
21007
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|
1265 |
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|
1266 You can also specify the field width and type of padding for any of |
21682
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1267 these @samp{%}-sequences. This works as in @code{printf}: you write |
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|
1268 the field width as digits in the middle of a @samp{%}-sequences. If you |
22138
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1269 start the field width with @samp{0}, it means to pad with zeros. If you |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1270 start the field width with @samp{_}, it means to pad with spaces. |
21007
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|
1271 |
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|
1272 For example, @samp{%S} specifies the number of seconds since the minute; |
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|
1273 @samp{%03S} means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, @samp{%_3S} to |
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*** empty log message ***
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1274 pad with spaces to 3 positions. Plain @samp{%3S} pads with zeros, |
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1275 because that is how @samp{%S} normally pads to two positions. |
26242 | 1276 |
1277 The characters @samp{E} and @samp{O} act as modifiers when used between | |
1278 @samp{%} and one of the letters in the table above. @samp{E} specifies | |
26288 | 1279 using the current locale's ``alternative'' version of the date and time. |
1280 In a Japanese locale, for example, @code{%Ex} might yield a date format | |
1281 based on the Japanese Emperors' reigns. @samp{E} is allowed in | |
1282 @samp{%Ec}, @samp{%EC}, @samp{%Ex}, @samp{%EX}, @samp{%Ey}, and | |
1283 @samp{%EY}. | |
26242 | 1284 |
26288 | 1285 @samp{O} means to use the current locale's ``alternative'' |
1286 representation of numbers, instead of the ordinary decimal digits. This | |
1287 is allowed with most letters, all the ones that output numbers. | |
26242 | 1288 |
1289 If @var{universal} is non-@code{nil}, that means to describe the time as | |
1290 Universal Time; @code{nil} means describe it using what Emacs believes | |
1291 is the local time zone (see @code{current-time-zone}). | |
26696
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1292 |
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1293 This function uses the C library function @code{strftime} |
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|
1294 (@pxref{Formatting Calendar Time,,, libc, The GNU C Library Reference |
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|
1295 Manual}) to do most of the work. In order to communicate with that |
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|
1296 function, it first encodes its argument using the coding system |
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|
1297 specified by @code{locale-coding-system} (@pxref{Locales}); after |
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|
1298 @code{strftime} returns the resulting string, |
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1299 @code{format-time-string} decodes the string using that same coding |
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|
1300 system. |
12067 | 1301 @end defun |
1302 | |
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1303 @defun seconds-to-time seconds |
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1304 This function converts @var{seconds}, a floating point number of |
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|
1305 seconds since the epoch, to a time value and returns that. To perform |
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1306 the inverse conversion, use @code{float-time}. |
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1307 @end defun |
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1308 |
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|
1309 @node Processor Run Time |
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|
1310 @section Processor Run time |
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1311 |
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|
1312 @defun get-internal-run-time |
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|
1313 This function returns the processor run time used by Emacs as a list |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1314 of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1315 integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1316 seconds, which is |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1317 @ifnottex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1318 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1319 @end ifnottex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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56617
diff
changeset
|
1320 @tex |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1321 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
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|
1322 @end tex |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1323 |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1324 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds (or 0 for |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1325 systems that return time with the resolution of only one second). |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1326 |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1327 If the system doesn't provide a way to determine the processor run |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1328 time, get-internal-run-time returns the same time as current-time. |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1329 @end defun |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
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|
1330 |
43037
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1331 @node Time Calculations |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1332 @section Time Calculations |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1333 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1334 These functions perform calendrical computations using time values |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1335 (the kind of list that @code{current-time} returns). |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1336 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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diff
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|
1337 @defun time-less-p t1 t2 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1338 This returns @code{t} if time value @var{t1} is less than time value |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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changeset
|
1339 @var{t2}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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changeset
|
1340 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1341 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1342 @defun time-subtract t1 t2 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1343 This returns the time difference @var{t1} @minus{} @var{t2} between |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1344 two time values, in the same format as a time value. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1345 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1346 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1347 @defun time-add t1 t2 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1348 This returns the sum of two time values, one of which ought to |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1349 represent a time difference rather than a point in time. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1350 Here is how to add a number of seconds to a time value: |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1351 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1352 @example |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1353 (time-add @var{time} (seconds-to-time @var{seconds})) |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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|
1354 @end example |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1355 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1356 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1357 @defun time-to-days time |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1358 This function returns the number of days between the beginning of year |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1359 1 and @var{time}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1360 @end defun |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1361 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1362 @defun time-to-day-in-year time |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1363 This returns the day number within the year corresponding to @var{time}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1364 @end defun |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1365 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1366 @defun date-leap-year-p year |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1367 This function returns @code{t} if @var{year} is a leap year. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1368 @end defun |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1369 |
6558 | 1370 @node Timers |
12098 | 1371 @section Timers for Delayed Execution |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1372 @cindex timer |
6558 | 1373 |
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07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1374 You can set up a @dfn{timer} to call a function at a specified |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1375 future time or after a certain length of idleness. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1376 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1377 Emacs cannot run timers at any arbitrary point in a Lisp program; it |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1378 can run them only when Emacs could accept output from a subprocess: |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1379 namely, while waiting or inside certain primitive functions such as |
22252
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1380 @code{sit-for} or @code{read-event} which @emph{can} wait. Therefore, a |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1381 timer's execution may be delayed if Emacs is busy. However, the time of |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1382 execution is very precise if Emacs is idle. |
6558 | 1383 |
50654
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(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1384 Emacs binds @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{t} before calling the timer |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1385 function, because quitting out of many timer functions can leave |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1386 things in an inconsistent state. This is normally unproblematical |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1387 because most timer functions don't do a lot of work. Indeed, for a |
54037 | 1388 timer to call a function that takes substantial time to run is likely |
73117
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
1389 to be annoying. If a timer function needs to allow quitting, it |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
1390 should use @code{with-local-quit} (@pxref{Quitting}). For example, if |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1391 a timer function calls @code{accept-process-output} to receive output |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1392 from an external process, that call should be wrapped inside |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1393 @code{with-local-quit}, to ensure that @kbd{C-g} works if the external |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1394 process hangs. |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
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|
1395 |
59270
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(Timers): Update previous change.
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diff
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|
1396 It is usually a bad idea for timer functions to alter buffer |
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59190
diff
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|
1397 contents. When they do, they usually should call @code{undo-boundary} |
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59190
diff
changeset
|
1398 both before and after changing the buffer, to separate the timer's |
59390
70a8ca9b81e0
(Timers): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59270
diff
changeset
|
1399 changes from user commands' changes and prevent a single undo entry |
70a8ca9b81e0
(Timers): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59270
diff
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|
1400 from growing to be quite large. |
59190
6142d449ffb8
(Timers): Discuss timers vs editing the buffer and undo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57989
diff
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|
1401 |
72510
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1402 Timer functions should also avoid calling functions that cause Emacs |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72462
diff
changeset
|
1403 to wait, such as @code{sit-for} (@pxref{Waiting}). This can lead to |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72462
diff
changeset
|
1404 unpredictable effects, since other timers (or even the same timer) can |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72462
diff
changeset
|
1405 run while waiting. If a timer function needs to perform an action |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72462
diff
changeset
|
1406 after a certain time has elapsed, it can do this by scheduling a new |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72462
diff
changeset
|
1407 timer. |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
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diff
changeset
|
1408 |
63525
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
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diff
changeset
|
1409 If a timer function calls functions that can change the match data, |
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1410 it should save and restore the match data. @xref{Saving Match Data}. |
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
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changeset
|
1411 |
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|
1412 @deffn Command run-at-time time repeat function &rest args |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
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|
1413 This sets up a timer that calls the function @var{function} with |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
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|
1414 arguments @var{args} at time @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is a number |
73037
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(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
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parents:
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|
1415 (integer or floating point), the timer is scheduled to run again every |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1416 @var{repeat} seconds after @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1417 the timer runs only once. |
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6578797626ea
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diff
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|
1418 |
6578797626ea
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diff
changeset
|
1419 @var{time} may specify an absolute or a relative time. |
6558 | 1420 |
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|
1421 Absolute times may be specified in a wide variety of formats; this |
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6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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|
1422 function tries to accept all the commonly used date formats. The most |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
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|
1423 convenient formats are strings. Valid such formats include these two, |
22138
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|
1424 |
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|
1425 @example |
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|
1426 @var{year}-@var{month}-@var{day} @var{hour}:@var{min}:@var{sec} @var{timezone} |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1427 |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
1428 @var{hour}:@var{min}:@var{sec} @var{timezone} @var{month}/@var{day}/@var{year} |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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|
1429 @end example |
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changeset
|
1430 |
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|
1431 @noindent |
d4ac295a98b3
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diff
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|
1432 where in both examples all fields are numbers; the format that |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1433 @code{current-time-string} returns is also allowed, and many others |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1434 as well. |
6558 | 1435 |
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6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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|
1436 To specify a relative time as a string, use numbers followed by units. |
6558 | 1437 For example: |
1438 | |
1439 @table @samp | |
1440 @item 1 min | |
1441 denotes 1 minute from now. | |
1442 @item 1 min 5 sec | |
1443 denotes 65 seconds from now. | |
1444 @item 1 min 2 sec 3 hour 4 day 5 week 6 fortnight 7 month 8 year | |
1445 denotes exactly 103 months, 123 days, and 10862 seconds from now. | |
1446 @end table | |
1447 | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1448 For relative time values, Emacs considers a month to be exactly thirty |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1449 days, and a year to be exactly 365.25 days. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1450 |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1451 Not all convenient formats are strings. If @var{time} is a number |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1452 (integer or floating point), that specifies a relative time measured |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1453 in seconds. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1454 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1455 In most cases, @var{repeat} has no effect on when @emph{first} call |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1456 takes place---@var{time} alone specifies that. There is one exception: |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1457 if @var{time} is @code{t}, then the timer runs whenever the time is a |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1458 multiple of @var{repeat} seconds after the epoch. This is useful for |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1459 functions like @code{display-time}. |
9009 | 1460 |
1461 The function @code{run-at-time} returns a timer value that identifies | |
1462 the particular scheduled future action. You can use this value to call | |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1463 @code{cancel-timer} (see below). |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1464 @end deffn |
6558 | 1465 |
73037
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1466 A repeating timer nominally ought to run every @var{repeat} seconds, |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1467 but remember that any invocation of a timer can be late. Lateness of |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1468 one repetition has no effect on the scheduled time of the next |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1469 repetition. For instance, if Emacs is busy computing for long enough |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1470 to cover three scheduled repetitions of the timer, and then starts to |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1471 wait, it will immediately call the timer function three times in |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1472 immediate succession (presuming no other timers trigger before or |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1473 between them). If you want a timer to run again no less than @var{n} |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1474 seconds after the last invocation, don't use the @var{repeat} argument. |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1475 Instead, the timer function should explicitly reschedule the timer. |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1476 |
73121
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1477 @defvar timer-max-repeats |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1478 This variable's value specifies the maximum number of times to repeat |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1479 calling a timer function in a row, when many previously scheduled |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1480 calls were unavoidably delayed. |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1481 @end defvar |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1482 |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1483 @defmac with-timeout (seconds timeout-forms@dots{}) body@dots{} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1484 Execute @var{body}, but give up after @var{seconds} seconds. If |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1485 @var{body} finishes before the time is up, @code{with-timeout} returns |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1486 the value of the last form in @var{body}. If, however, the execution of |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1487 @var{body} is cut short by the timeout, then @code{with-timeout} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1488 executes all the @var{timeout-forms} and returns the value of the last |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1489 of them. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1490 |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1491 This macro works by setting a timer to run after @var{seconds} seconds. If |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1492 @var{body} finishes before that time, it cancels the timer. If the |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1493 timer actually runs, it terminates execution of @var{body}, then |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1494 executes @var{timeout-forms}. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1495 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1496 Since timers can run within a Lisp program only when the program calls a |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1497 primitive that can wait, @code{with-timeout} cannot stop executing |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1498 @var{body} while it is in the midst of a computation---only when it |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1499 calls one of those primitives. So use @code{with-timeout} only with a |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1500 @var{body} that waits for input, not one that does a long computation. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1501 @end defmac |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1502 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1503 The function @code{y-or-n-p-with-timeout} provides a simple way to use |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1504 a timer to avoid waiting too long for an answer. @xref{Yes-or-No |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1505 Queries}. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1506 |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1507 @defun cancel-timer timer |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1508 This cancels the requested action for @var{timer}, which should be a |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1509 timer---usually, one previously returned by @code{run-at-time} or |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1510 @code{run-with-idle-timer}. This cancels the effect of that call to |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1511 one of these functions; the arrival of the specified time will not |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1512 cause anything special to happen. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1513 @end defun |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1514 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1515 @node Idle Timers |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1516 @section Idle Timers |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1517 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1518 Here is how to set up a timer that runs when Emacs is idle for a |
72462 | 1519 certain length of time. Aside from how to set them up, idle timers |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1520 work just like ordinary timers. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1521 |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1522 @deffn Command run-with-idle-timer secs repeat function &rest args |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1523 Set up a timer which runs when Emacs has been idle for @var{secs} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1524 seconds. The value of @var{secs} may be an integer or a floating point |
72512
ab8fd2fba72d
(Idle Timers): run-with-idle-timer allows Lisp time value. Add xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72510
diff
changeset
|
1525 number; a value of the type returned by @code{current-idle-time} |
ab8fd2fba72d
(Idle Timers): run-with-idle-timer allows Lisp time value. Add xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72510
diff
changeset
|
1526 is also allowed. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1527 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1528 If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, the timer runs just once, the first time |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1529 Emacs remains idle for a long enough time. More often @var{repeat} is |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1530 non-@code{nil}, which means to run the timer @emph{each time} Emacs |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1531 remains idle for @var{secs} seconds. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1532 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1533 The function @code{run-with-idle-timer} returns a timer value which you |
72512
ab8fd2fba72d
(Idle Timers): run-with-idle-timer allows Lisp time value. Add xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72510
diff
changeset
|
1534 can use in calling @code{cancel-timer} (@pxref{Timers}). |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1535 @end deffn |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1536 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1537 @cindex idleness |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1538 Emacs becomes ``idle'' when it starts waiting for user input, and it |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1539 remains idle until the user provides some input. If a timer is set for |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1540 five seconds of idleness, it runs approximately five seconds after Emacs |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1541 first becomes idle. Even if @var{repeat} is non-@code{nil}, this timer |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1542 will not run again as long as Emacs remains idle, because the duration |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1543 of idleness will continue to increase and will not go down to five |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1544 seconds again. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1545 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1546 Emacs can do various things while idle: garbage collect, autosave or |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1547 handle data from a subprocess. But these interludes during idleness do |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1548 not interfere with idle timers, because they do not reset the clock of |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1549 idleness to zero. An idle timer set for 600 seconds will run when ten |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1550 minutes have elapsed since the last user command was finished, even if |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1551 subprocess output has been accepted thousands of times within those ten |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1552 minutes, and even if there have been garbage collections and autosaves. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1553 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1554 When the user supplies input, Emacs becomes non-idle while executing the |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1555 input. Then it becomes idle again, and all the idle timers that are |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1556 set up to repeat will subsequently run another time, one by one. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1557 |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1558 @c Emacs 19 feature |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1559 @defun current-idle-time |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1560 This function returns the length of time Emacs has been idle, as a |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1561 list of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1562 The integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1563 seconds of idleness, which is |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1564 @ifnottex |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1565 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1566 @end ifnottex |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
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|
1567 @tex |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1568 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1569 @end tex |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1570 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1571 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1572 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1573 the resolution of only one second). |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1574 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1575 The main use of this function is when an idle timer function wants to |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1576 ``take a break'' for a while. It can set up another idle timer to |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1577 call the same function again, after a few seconds more idleness. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1578 Here's an example: |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1579 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1580 @smallexample |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1581 (defvar resume-timer nil |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1582 "Timer that `timer-function' used to reschedule itself, or nil.") |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1583 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1584 (defun timer-function () |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1585 ;; @r{If the user types a command while @code{resume-timer}} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1586 ;; @r{is active, the next time this function is called from} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1587 ;; @r{its main idle timer, deactivate @code{resume-timer}.} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1588 (when resume-timer |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1589 (cancel-timer resume-timer)) |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1590 ...@var{do the work for a while}... |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1591 (when @var{taking-a-break} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1592 (setq resume-timer |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1593 (run-with-idle-timer |
72462 | 1594 ;; Compute an idle time @var{break-length} |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1595 ;; more than the current value. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1596 (time-add (current-idle-time) |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1597 (seconds-to-time @var{break-length})) |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1598 nil |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1599 'timer-function)))) |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1600 @end smallexample |
6558 | 1601 @end defun |
1602 | |
72639
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1603 Some idle timer functions in user Lisp packages have a loop that |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1604 does a certain amount of processing each time around, and exits when |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1605 @code{(input-pending-p)} is non-@code{nil}. That approach seems very |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1606 natural but has two problems: |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1607 |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1608 @itemize |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1609 @item |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1610 It blocks out all process output (since Emacs accepts process output |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1611 only while waiting). |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1612 |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1613 @item |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1614 It blocks out any idle timers that ought to run during that time. |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1615 @end itemize |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1616 |
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(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1617 @noindent |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1618 To avoid these problems, don't use that technique. Instead, write |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1619 such idle timers to reschedule themselves after a brief pause, using |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1620 the method in the @code{timer-function} example above. |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1621 |
6558 | 1622 @node Terminal Input |
1623 @section Terminal Input | |
1624 @cindex terminal input | |
1625 | |
1626 This section describes functions and variables for recording or | |
1627 manipulating terminal input. See @ref{Display}, for related | |
1628 functions. | |
1629 | |
1630 @menu | |
1631 * Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed. | |
1632 * Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events. | |
1633 @end menu | |
1634 | |
1635 @node Input Modes | |
1636 @subsection Input Modes | |
1637 @cindex input modes | |
1638 @cindex terminal input modes | |
1639 | |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1640 @defun set-input-mode interrupt flow meta &optional quit-char |
6558 | 1641 This function sets the mode for reading keyboard input. If |
1642 @var{interrupt} is non-null, then Emacs uses input interrupts. If it is | |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1643 @code{nil}, then it uses @sc{cbreak} mode. The default setting is |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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25479
diff
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|
1644 system-dependent. Some systems always use @sc{cbreak} mode regardless |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1645 of what is specified. |
6558 | 1646 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1647 When Emacs communicates directly with X, it ignores this argument and |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1648 uses interrupts if that is the way it knows how to communicate. |
6558 | 1649 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1650 If @var{flow} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1651 (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) flow control for output to the terminal. This |
60269
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(Startup Summary): Correct the options; add missing ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59390
diff
changeset
|
1652 has no effect except in @sc{cbreak} mode. |
6558 | 1653 |
1654 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1655 The argument @var{meta} controls support for input character codes | |
1656 above 127. If @var{meta} is @code{t}, Emacs converts characters with | |
1657 the 8th bit set into Meta characters. If @var{meta} is @code{nil}, | |
1658 Emacs disregards the 8th bit; this is necessary when the terminal uses | |
1659 it as a parity bit. If @var{meta} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, | |
1660 Emacs uses all 8 bits of input unchanged. This is good for terminals | |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1661 that use 8-bit character sets. |
6558 | 1662 |
1663 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1664 If @var{quit-char} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the character to | |
1665 use for quitting. Normally this character is @kbd{C-g}. | |
1666 @xref{Quitting}. | |
1667 @end defun | |
1668 | |
1669 The @code{current-input-mode} function returns the input mode settings | |
1670 Emacs is currently using. | |
1671 | |
1672 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1673 @defun current-input-mode | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1674 This function returns the current mode for reading keyboard input. It |
6558 | 1675 returns a list, corresponding to the arguments of @code{set-input-mode}, |
1676 of the form @code{(@var{interrupt} @var{flow} @var{meta} @var{quit})} in | |
1677 which: | |
1678 @table @var | |
1679 @item interrupt | |
1680 is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is using interrupt-driven input. If | |
1681 @code{nil}, Emacs is using @sc{cbreak} mode. | |
1682 @item flow | |
1683 is non-@code{nil} if Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) | |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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21682
diff
changeset
|
1684 flow control for output to the terminal. This value is meaningful only |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1685 when @var{interrupt} is @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1686 @item meta |
12098 | 1687 is @code{t} if Emacs treats the eighth bit of input characters as |
6558 | 1688 the meta bit; @code{nil} means Emacs clears the eighth bit of every |
1689 input character; any other value means Emacs uses all eight bits as the | |
1690 basic character code. | |
1691 @item quit | |
1692 is the character Emacs currently uses for quitting, usually @kbd{C-g}. | |
1693 @end table | |
1694 @end defun | |
1695 | |
1696 @node Recording Input | |
1697 @subsection Recording Input | |
1698 | |
1699 @defun recent-keys | |
76559
688108e29e1b
(Recording Input): recent-keys now gives 300 keys.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
76510
diff
changeset
|
1700 This function returns a vector containing the last 300 input events from |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1701 the keyboard or mouse. All input events are included, whether or not |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1702 they were used as parts of key sequences. Thus, you always get the last |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1703 100 input events, not counting events generated by keyboard macros. |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1704 (These are excluded because they are less interesting for debugging; it |
9009 | 1705 should be enough to see the events that invoked the macros.) |
39202
557aaff6fb23
(Time of Day): Document float-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1706 |
557aaff6fb23
(Time of Day): Document float-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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36873
diff
changeset
|
1707 A call to @code{clear-this-command-keys} (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) |
39221
68b26e98aef6
Clarify recent changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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39202
diff
changeset
|
1708 causes this function to return an empty vector immediately afterward. |
6558 | 1709 @end defun |
1710 | |
26242 | 1711 @deffn Command open-dribble-file filename |
6558 | 1712 @cindex dribble file |
1713 This function opens a @dfn{dribble file} named @var{filename}. When a | |
1714 dribble file is open, each input event from the keyboard or mouse (but | |
1715 not those from keyboard macros) is written in that file. A | |
1716 non-character event is expressed using its printed representation | |
1717 surrounded by @samp{<@dots{}>}. | |
1718 | |
1719 You close the dribble file by calling this function with an argument | |
1720 of @code{nil}. | |
1721 | |
1722 This function is normally used to record the input necessary to | |
1723 trigger an Emacs bug, for the sake of a bug report. | |
1724 | |
1725 @example | |
1726 @group | |
1727 (open-dribble-file "~/dribble") | |
1728 @result{} nil | |
1729 @end group | |
1730 @end example | |
1731 @end deffn | |
1732 | |
1733 See also the @code{open-termscript} function (@pxref{Terminal Output}). | |
1734 | |
1735 @node Terminal Output | |
1736 @section Terminal Output | |
1737 @cindex terminal output | |
1738 | |
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(Startup Summary): Correct the options; add missing ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1739 The terminal output functions send output to a text terminal, or keep |
6558 | 1740 track of output sent to the terminal. The variable @code{baud-rate} |
1741 tells you what Emacs thinks is the output speed of the terminal. | |
1742 | |
1743 @defvar baud-rate | |
1744 This variable's value is the output speed of the terminal, as far as | |
1745 Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not change the speed of actual | |
1746 data transmission, but the value is used for calculations such as | |
72002
2f62cd511de0
(Terminal Output): baud-rate only controls preemption on
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71957
diff
changeset
|
1747 padding. |
2f62cd511de0
(Terminal Output): baud-rate only controls preemption on
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71957
diff
changeset
|
1748 |
2f62cd511de0
(Terminal Output): baud-rate only controls preemption on
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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71957
diff
changeset
|
1749 It also affects decisions about whether to scroll part of the |
72057
2bad0076ec08
(Terminal Output): Clarify text vs graphical terminal.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
72002
diff
changeset
|
1750 screen or repaint on text terminals. @xref{Forcing Redisplay}, |
2bad0076ec08
(Terminal Output): Clarify text vs graphical terminal.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
72002
diff
changeset
|
1751 for the corresponding functionality on graphical terminals. |
6558 | 1752 |
1753 The value is measured in baud. | |
1754 @end defvar | |
1755 | |
1756 If you are running across a network, and different parts of the | |
1757 network work at different baud rates, the value returned by Emacs may be | |
1758 different from the value used by your local terminal. Some network | |
1759 protocols communicate the local terminal speed to the remote machine, so | |
1760 that Emacs and other programs can get the proper value, but others do | |
1761 not. If Emacs has the wrong value, it makes decisions that are less | |
1762 than optimal. To fix the problem, set @code{baud-rate}. | |
1763 | |
1764 @defun baud-rate | |
21682
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|
1765 This obsolete function returns the value of the variable |
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changeset
|
1766 @code{baud-rate}. |
6558 | 1767 @end defun |
1768 | |
1769 @defun send-string-to-terminal string | |
1770 This function sends @var{string} to the terminal without alteration. | |
1771 Control characters in @var{string} have terminal-dependent effects. | |
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1772 This function operates only on text terminals. |
6558 | 1773 |
1774 One use of this function is to define function keys on terminals that | |
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1775 have downloadable function key definitions. For example, this is how (on |
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1776 certain terminals) to define function key 4 to move forward four |
6558 | 1777 characters (by transmitting the characters @kbd{C-u C-f} to the |
1778 computer): | |
1779 | |
1780 @example | |
1781 @group | |
1782 (send-string-to-terminal "\eF4\^U\^F") | |
1783 @result{} nil | |
1784 @end group | |
1785 @end example | |
1786 @end defun | |
1787 | |
1788 @deffn Command open-termscript filename | |
1789 @cindex termscript file | |
1790 This function is used to open a @dfn{termscript file} that will record | |
1791 all the characters sent by Emacs to the terminal. It returns | |
1792 @code{nil}. Termscript files are useful for investigating problems | |
1793 where Emacs garbles the screen, problems that are due to incorrect | |
1794 Termcap entries or to undesirable settings of terminal options more | |
1795 often than to actual Emacs bugs. Once you are certain which characters | |
1796 were actually output, you can determine reliably whether they correspond | |
1797 to the Termcap specifications in use. | |
1798 | |
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1799 You close the termscript file by calling this function with an |
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1800 argument of @code{nil}. |
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1801 |
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1802 See also @code{open-dribble-file} in @ref{Recording Input}. |
6558 | 1803 |
1804 @example | |
1805 @group | |
1806 (open-termscript "../junk/termscript") | |
1807 @result{} nil | |
1808 @end group | |
1809 @end example | |
1810 @end deffn | |
1811 | |
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1812 @node Sound Output |
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1813 @section Sound Output |
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1814 @cindex sound |
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1815 |
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1816 To play sound using Emacs, use the function @code{play-sound}. Only |
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1817 certain systems are supported; if you call @code{play-sound} on a system |
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1818 which cannot really do the job, it gives an error. Emacs version 20 and |
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1819 earlier did not support sound at all. |
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1820 |
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1821 The sound must be stored as a file in RIFF-WAVE format (@samp{.wav}) |
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1822 or Sun Audio format (@samp{.au}). |
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1823 |
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1824 @defun play-sound sound |
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1825 This function plays a specified sound. The argument, @var{sound}, has |
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1826 the form @code{(sound @var{properties}...)}, where the @var{properties} |
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1827 consist of alternating keywords (particular symbols recognized |
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1828 specially) and values corresponding to them. |
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1829 |
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1830 Here is a table of the keywords that are currently meaningful in |
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1831 @var{sound}, and their meanings: |
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1832 |
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1833 @table @code |
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1834 @item :file @var{file} |
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1835 This specifies the file containing the sound to play. |
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1836 If the file name is not absolute, it is expanded against |
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1837 the directory @code{data-directory}. |
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1838 |
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1839 @item :data @var{data} |
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1840 This specifies the sound to play without need to refer to a file. The |
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1841 value, @var{data}, should be a string containing the same bytes as a |
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1842 sound file. We recommend using a unibyte string. |
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1843 |
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1844 @item :volume @var{volume} |
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1845 This specifies how loud to play the sound. It should be a number in the |
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1846 range of 0 to 1. The default is to use whatever volume has been |
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1847 specified before. |
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1848 |
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1849 @item :device @var{device} |
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1850 This specifies the system device on which to play the sound, as a |
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1851 string. The default device is system-dependent. |
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1852 @end table |
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1853 |
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1854 Before actually playing the sound, @code{play-sound} |
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1855 calls the functions in the list @code{play-sound-functions}. |
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1856 Each function is called with one argument, @var{sound}. |
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1857 @end defun |
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1858 |
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1859 @defun play-sound-file file &optional volume device |
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1860 This function is an alternative interface to playing a sound @var{file} |
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1861 specifying an optional @var{volume} and @var{device}. |
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1862 @end defun |
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1863 |
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1864 @defvar play-sound-functions |
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1865 A list of functions to be called before playing a sound. Each function |
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1866 is called with one argument, a property list that describes the sound. |
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1867 @end defvar |
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1868 |
46228 | 1869 @node X11 Keysyms |
1870 @section Operating on X11 Keysyms | |
6558 | 1871 |
1872 To define system-specific X11 keysyms, set the variable | |
1873 @code{system-key-alist}. | |
1874 | |
1875 @defvar system-key-alist | |
1876 This variable's value should be an alist with one element for each | |
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1877 system-specific keysym. Each element has the form @code{(@var{code} |
6558 | 1878 . @var{symbol})}, where @var{code} is the numeric keysym code (not |
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1879 including the ``vendor specific'' bit, |
27193 | 1880 @ifnottex |
24934 | 1881 -2**28), |
27193 | 1882 @end ifnottex |
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1883 @tex |
24934 | 1884 $-2^{28}$), |
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1885 @end tex |
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1886 and @var{symbol} is the name for the function key. |
6558 | 1887 |
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1888 For example @code{(168 . mute-acute)} defines a system-specific key (used |
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1889 by HP X servers) whose numeric code is |
27193 | 1890 @ifnottex |
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1891 -2**28 |
27193 | 1892 @end ifnottex |
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1893 @tex |
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1894 $-2^{28}$ |
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1895 @end tex |
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1896 + 168. |
6558 | 1897 |
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1898 It is not crucial to exclude from the alist the keysyms of other X |
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1899 servers; those do no harm, as long as they don't conflict with the ones |
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1900 used by the X server actually in use. |
12067 | 1901 |
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1902 The variable is always local to the current terminal, and cannot be |
12067 | 1903 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
6558 | 1904 @end defvar |
1905 | |
46228 | 1906 You can specify which keysyms Emacs should use for the Meta, Alt, Hyper, and Super modifiers by setting these variables: |
1907 | |
1908 @defvar x-alt-keysym | |
1909 @defvarx x-meta-keysym | |
1910 @defvarx x-hyper-keysym | |
1911 @defvarx x-super-keysym | |
1912 The name of the keysym that should stand for the Alt modifier | |
1913 (respectively, for Meta, Hyper, and Super). For example, here is | |
1914 how to swap the Meta and Alt modifiers within Emacs: | |
1915 @lisp | |
1916 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta) | |
1917 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt) | |
1918 @end lisp | |
1919 @end defvar | |
1920 | |
6558 | 1921 @node Batch Mode |
1922 @section Batch Mode | |
1923 @cindex batch mode | |
1924 @cindex noninteractive use | |
1925 | |
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1926 The command-line option @samp{-batch} causes Emacs to run |
6558 | 1927 noninteractively. In this mode, Emacs does not read commands from the |
1928 terminal, it does not alter the terminal modes, and it does not expect | |
1929 to be outputting to an erasable screen. The idea is that you specify | |
1930 Lisp programs to run; when they are finished, Emacs should exit. The | |
1931 way to specify the programs to run is with @samp{-l @var{file}}, which | |
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1932 loads the library named @var{file}, or @samp{-f @var{function}}, which |
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1933 calls @var{function} with no arguments, or @samp{--eval @var{form}}. |
6558 | 1934 |
1935 Any Lisp program output that would normally go to the echo area, | |
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1936 either using @code{message}, or using @code{prin1}, etc., with @code{t} |
12098 | 1937 as the stream, goes instead to Emacs's standard error descriptor when |
36873 | 1938 in batch mode. Similarly, input that would normally come from the |
1939 minibuffer is read from the standard input descriptor. | |
1940 Thus, Emacs behaves much like a noninteractive | |
6558 | 1941 application program. (The echo area output that Emacs itself normally |
1942 generates, such as command echoing, is suppressed entirely.) | |
1943 | |
1944 @defvar noninteractive | |
1945 This variable is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is running in batch mode. | |
1946 @end defvar | |
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1947 |
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1948 @node Session Management |
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1949 @section Session Management |
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1950 @cindex session manager |
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1951 |
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1952 Emacs supports the X Session Management Protocol for suspension and |
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1953 restart of applications. In the X Window System, a program called the |
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1954 @dfn{session manager} has the responsibility to keep track of the |
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1955 applications that are running. During shutdown, the session manager |
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1956 asks applications to save their state, and delays the actual shutdown |
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1957 until they respond. An application can also cancel the shutdown. |
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1958 |
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1959 When the session manager restarts a suspended session, it directs |
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1960 these applications to individually reload their saved state. It does |
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1961 this by specifying a special command-line argument that says what |
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1962 saved session to restore. For Emacs, this argument is @samp{--smid |
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1963 @var{session}}. |
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1964 |
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1965 @defvar emacs-save-session-functions |
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1966 Emacs supports saving state by using a hook called |
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1967 @code{emacs-save-session-functions}. Each function in this hook is |
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1968 called when the session manager tells Emacs that the window system is |
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1969 shutting down. The functions are called with no arguments and with the |
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1970 current buffer set to a temporary buffer. Each function can use |
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1971 @code{insert} to add Lisp code to this buffer. At the end, Emacs |
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1972 saves the buffer in a file that a subsequent Emacs invocation will |
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1973 load in order to restart the saved session. |
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1974 |
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1975 If a function in @code{emacs-save-session-functions} returns |
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1976 non-@code{nil}, Emacs tells the session manager to cancel the |
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1977 shutdown. |
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1978 @end defvar |
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1979 |
56353 | 1980 Here is an example that just inserts some text into @samp{*scratch*} when |
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1981 Emacs is restarted by the session manager. |
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1982 |
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1983 @example |
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1984 @group |
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1985 (add-hook 'emacs-save-session-functions 'save-yourself-test) |
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1986 @end group |
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1987 |
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1988 @group |
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1989 (defun save-yourself-test () |
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1990 (insert "(save-excursion |
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1991 (switch-to-buffer \"*scratch*\") |
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1992 (insert \"I am restored\"))") |
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1993 nil) |
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1994 @end group |
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1995 @end example |
52401 | 1996 |
1997 @ignore | |
1998 arch-tag: 8378814a-30d7-467c-9615-74a80b9988a7 | |
1999 @end ignore |