annotate man/picture.texi @ 64553:58cbcf3e6ed1

(Fmac_code_convert_string): Add comment about Fstring_as_unibyte.
author Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
date Thu, 21 Jul 2005 05:36:04 +0000
parents 29356dc048ef
children 3723093a21fd 13796b0653c7
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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4 @node Picture, Sending Mail, Abbrevs, Top
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5 @chapter Editing Pictures
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6 @cindex pictures
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7 @cindex making pictures out of text characters
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8 @findex edit-picture
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9
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10 To edit a picture made out of text characters (for example, a picture
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11 of the division of a register into fields, as a comment in a program),
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12 use the command @kbd{M-x edit-picture} to enter Picture mode.
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13
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14 In Picture mode, editing is based on the @dfn{quarter-plane} model of
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15 text, according to which the text characters lie studded on an area that
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16 stretches infinitely far to the right and downward. The concept of the end
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17 of a line does not exist in this model; the most you can say is where the
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18 last nonblank character on the line is found.
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19
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20 Of course, Emacs really always considers text as a sequence of
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21 characters, and lines really do have ends. But Picture mode replaces
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22 the most frequently-used commands with variants that simulate the
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23 quarter-plane model of text. They do this by inserting spaces or by
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24 converting tabs to spaces.
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25
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26 Most of the basic editing commands of Emacs are redefined by Picture mode
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27 to do essentially the same thing but in a quarter-plane way. In addition,
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28 Picture mode defines various keys starting with the @kbd{C-c} prefix to
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29 run special picture editing commands.
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30
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31 One of these keys, @kbd{C-c C-c}, is pretty important. Often a
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32 picture is part of a larger file that is usually edited in some other
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33 major mode. @kbd{M-x edit-picture} records the name of the previous
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34 major mode so you can use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command
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35 (@code{picture-mode-exit}) later to go back to that mode. @kbd{C-c C-c}
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36 also deletes spaces from the ends of lines, unless given a numeric
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37 argument.
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38
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39 The special commands of Picture mode all work in other modes (provided
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40 the @file{picture} library is loaded), but are not bound to keys except
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41 in Picture mode. The descriptions below talk of moving ``one column''
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42 and so on, but all the picture mode commands handle numeric arguments as
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43 their normal equivalents do.
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44
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45 @vindex picture-mode-hook
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46 Turning on Picture mode runs the hook @code{picture-mode-hook}
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47 (@pxref{Hooks}). Additional extensions to Picture mode can be found
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48 in @file{artist.el}.
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49
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50 @menu
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51 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
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52 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
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53 after "self-inserting" characters.
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54 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
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55 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
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56 @end menu
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57
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58 @node Basic Picture, Insert in Picture, Picture, Picture
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59 @section Basic Editing in Picture Mode
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60
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61 @findex picture-forward-column
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62 @findex picture-backward-column
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63 @findex picture-move-down
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64 @findex picture-move-up
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65 @cindex editing in Picture mode
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66
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67 Most keys do the same thing in Picture mode that they usually do, but
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68 do it in a quarter-plane style. For example, @kbd{C-f} is rebound to
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69 run @code{picture-forward-column}, a command which moves point one
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70 column to the right, inserting a space if necessary so that the actual
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71 end of the line makes no difference. @kbd{C-b} is rebound to run
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72 @code{picture-backward-column}, which always moves point left one
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73 column, converting a tab to multiple spaces if necessary. @kbd{C-n} and
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74 @kbd{C-p} are rebound to run @code{picture-move-down} and
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75 @code{picture-move-up}, which can either insert spaces or convert tabs
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76 as necessary to make sure that point stays in exactly the same column.
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77 @kbd{C-e} runs @code{picture-end-of-line}, which moves to after the last
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78 nonblank character on the line. There is no need to change @kbd{C-a},
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79 as the choice of screen model does not affect beginnings of
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80 lines.
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81
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82 @findex picture-newline
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83 Insertion of text is adapted to the quarter-plane screen model through
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84 the use of Overwrite mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). Self-inserting characters
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85 replace existing text, column by column, rather than pushing existing text
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86 to the right. @key{RET} runs @code{picture-newline}, which just moves to
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87 the beginning of the following line so that new text will replace that
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88 line.
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89
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90 @findex picture-backward-clear-column
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91 @findex picture-clear-column
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92 @findex picture-clear-line
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93 In Picture mode, the commands that normally delete or kill text,
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94 instead erase text (replacing it with spaces). @key{DEL}
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95 (@code{picture-backward-clear-column}) replaces the preceding
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96 character with a space rather than removing it; this moves point
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97 backwards. @kbd{C-d} (@code{picture-clear-column}) replaces the next
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98 character or characters with spaces, but does not move point. (If you
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99 want to clear characters to spaces and move forward over them, use
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100 @key{SPC}.) @kbd{C-k} (@code{picture-clear-line}) really kills the
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101 contents of lines, but does not delete the newlines from the buffer.
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102
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103 @findex picture-open-line
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104 To do actual insertion, you must use special commands. @kbd{C-o}
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105 (@code{picture-open-line}) creates a blank line after the current
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106 line; it never splits a line. @kbd{C-M-o} (@code{split-line}) makes
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107 sense in Picture mode, so it is not changed. @kbd{C-j}
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108 (@code{picture-duplicate-line}) inserts another line with the same
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109 contents below the current line.
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110
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111 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Picture mode)}
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112 To do actual deletion in Picture mode, use @kbd{C-w}, @kbd{C-c C-d}
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113 (which is defined as @code{delete-char}, as @kbd{C-d} is in other
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114 modes), or one of the picture rectangle commands (@pxref{Rectangles in
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115 Picture}).
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116
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117 @node Insert in Picture, Tabs in Picture, Basic Picture, Picture
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118 @section Controlling Motion after Insert
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119
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120 @findex picture-movement-up
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121 @findex picture-movement-down
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122 @findex picture-movement-left
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123 @findex picture-movement-right
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124 @findex picture-movement-nw
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125 @findex picture-movement-ne
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126 @findex picture-movement-sw
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127 @findex picture-movement-se
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128 @kindex C-c < @r{(Picture mode)}
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129 @kindex C-c > @r{(Picture mode)}
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130 @kindex C-c ^ @r{(Picture mode)}
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131 @kindex C-c . @r{(Picture mode)}
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132 @kindex C-c ` @r{(Picture mode)}
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133 @kindex C-c ' @r{(Picture mode)}
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134 @kindex C-c / @r{(Picture mode)}
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135 @kindex C-c \ @r{(Picture mode)}
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136 Since ``self-inserting'' characters in Picture mode overwrite and move
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137 point, there is no essential restriction on how point should be moved.
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138 Normally point moves right, but you can specify any of the eight
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139 orthogonal or diagonal directions for motion after a ``self-inserting''
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140 character. This is useful for drawing lines in the buffer.
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141
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142 @table @kbd
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143 @item C-c <
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144 @itemx C-c @key{LEFT}
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145 Move left after insertion (@code{picture-movement-left}).
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146 @item C-c >
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147 @itemx C-c @key{RIGHT}
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148 Move right after insertion (@code{picture-movement-right}).
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149 @item C-c ^
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150 @itemx C-c @key{UP}
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151 Move up after insertion (@code{picture-movement-up}).
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152 @item C-c .
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153 @itemx C-c @key{DOWN}
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154 Move down after insertion (@code{picture-movement-down}).
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155 @item C-c `
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156 @itemx C-c @key{HOME}
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157 Move up and left (``northwest'') after insertion (@code{picture-movement-nw}).
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158 @item C-c '
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159 @itemx C-c @key{PAGEUP}
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160 Move up and right (``northeast'') after insertion
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161 (@code{picture-movement-ne}).
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162 @item C-c /
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163 @itemx C-c @key{END}
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164 Move down and left (``southwest'') after insertion
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165 @*(@code{picture-movement-sw}).
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166 @item C-c \
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167 @itemx C-c @key{PAGEDOWN}
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168 Move down and right (``southeast'') after insertion
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169 @*(@code{picture-movement-se}).
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170 @end table
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171
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172 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Picture mode)}
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173 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Picture mode)}
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174 @findex picture-motion
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175 @findex picture-motion-reverse
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176 Two motion commands move based on the current Picture insertion
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177 direction. The command @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{picture-motion}) moves in the
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178 same direction as motion after ``insertion'' currently does, while @kbd{C-c
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179 C-b} (@code{picture-motion-reverse}) moves in the opposite direction.
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180
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181 @node Tabs in Picture, Rectangles in Picture, Insert in Picture, Picture
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182 @section Picture Mode Tabs
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183
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184 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Picture mode)}
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185 @findex picture-tab-search
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186 @vindex picture-tab-chars
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187 Two kinds of tab-like action are provided in Picture mode. Use
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188 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{picture-tab-search}) for context-based tabbing.
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189 With no argument, it moves to a point underneath the next
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190 ``interesting'' character that follows whitespace in the previous
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191 nonblank line. ``Next'' here means ``appearing at a horizontal position
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192 greater than the one point starts out at.'' With an argument, as in
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193 @kbd{C-u M-@key{TAB}}, this command moves to the next such interesting
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194 character in the current line. @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} does not change the
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195 text; it only moves point. ``Interesting'' characters are defined by
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196 the variable @code{picture-tab-chars}, which should define a set of
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197 characters. The syntax for this variable is like the syntax used inside
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198 of @samp{[@dots{}]} in a regular expression---but without the @samp{[}
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199 and the @samp{]}. Its default value is @code{"!-~"}.
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200
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201 @findex picture-tab
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202 @key{TAB} itself runs @code{picture-tab}, which operates based on the
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203 current tab stop settings; it is the Picture mode equivalent of
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204 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. Normally it just moves point, but with a numeric
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205 argument it clears the text that it moves over.
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206
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207 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(Picture mode)}
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208 @findex picture-set-tab-stops
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209 The context-based and tab-stop-based forms of tabbing are brought
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210 together by the command @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{picture-set-tab-stops}).
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211 This command sets the tab stops to the positions which @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}
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212 would consider significant in the current line. The use of this command,
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213 together with @key{TAB}, can get the effect of context-based tabbing. But
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214 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} is more convenient in the cases where it is sufficient.
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215
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216 It may be convenient to prevent use of actual tab characters in
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217 pictures. For example, this prevents @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}} from messing
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218 up the picture. You can do this by setting the variable
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219 @code{indent-tabs-mode} to @code{nil}. @xref{Just Spaces}.
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220
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221 @node Rectangles in Picture,, Tabs in Picture, Picture
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222 @section Picture Mode Rectangle Commands
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223 @cindex rectangles and Picture mode
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224 @cindex Picture mode and rectangles
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225
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226 Picture mode defines commands for working on rectangular pieces of the
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227 text in ways that fit with the quarter-plane model. The standard rectangle
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228 commands may also be useful (@pxref{Rectangles}).
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229
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230 @table @kbd
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231 @item C-c C-k
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232 Clear out the region-rectangle with spaces
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233 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}). With argument, delete the text.
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234 @item C-c C-w @var{r}
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235 Similar, but save rectangle contents in register @var{r} first
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236 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}).
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237 @item C-c C-y
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238 Copy last killed rectangle into the buffer by overwriting, with upper
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239 left corner at point (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}). With argument,
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240 insert instead.
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241 @item C-c C-x @var{r}
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242 Similar, but use the rectangle in register @var{r}
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243 (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}).
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244 @end table
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245
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246 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Picture mode)}
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247 @kindex C-c C-w @r{(Picture mode)}
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248 @findex picture-clear-rectangle
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249 @findex picture-clear-rectangle-to-register
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250 The picture rectangle commands @kbd{C-c C-k}
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251 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}) and @kbd{C-c C-w}
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252 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}) differ from the standard
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253 rectangle commands in that they normally clear the rectangle instead of
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254 deleting it; this is analogous with the way @kbd{C-d} is changed in Picture
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255 mode.
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256
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257 However, deletion of rectangles can be useful in Picture mode, so
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258 these commands delete the rectangle if given a numeric argument.
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259 @kbd{C-c C-k} either with or without a numeric argument saves the
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260 rectangle for @kbd{C-c C-y}.
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261
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262 @kindex C-c C-y @r{(Picture mode)}
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263 @kindex C-c C-x @r{(Picture mode)}
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264 @findex picture-yank-rectangle
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265 @findex picture-yank-rectangle-from-register
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266 The Picture mode commands for yanking rectangles differ from the
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267 standard ones in that they overwrite instead of inserting. This is
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268 the same way that Picture mode insertion of other text differs from
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269 other modes. @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}) inserts
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270 (by overwriting) the rectangle that was most recently killed, while
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271 @kbd{C-c C-x} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}) does
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272 likewise for the rectangle found in a specified register.
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273
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274 @ignore
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275 arch-tag: b7589747-683c-4f40-aed8-1b10403cb666
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276 @end ignore