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author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Fri, 28 Apr 2006 23:39:02 +0000 |
parents | dc2d5a6655a3 |
children | 4ad431d8e164 c5406394f567 |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003, |
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3 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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5 @node Registers, Display, CUA Bindings, Top |
25829 | 6 @chapter Registers |
7 @cindex registers | |
8 | |
37313 | 9 Emacs @dfn{registers} are compartments where you can save text, |
10 rectangles, positions, and other things for later use. Once you save | |
11 text or a rectangle in a register, you can copy it into the buffer | |
38129 | 12 once, or many times; you can move point to a position saved in a |
13 register once, or many times. | |
25829 | 14 |
15 @findex view-register | |
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16 Each register has a name, which consists of a single character. A |
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17 register can store a number, a piece of text, a rectangle, a position, |
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18 a window configuration, or a file name, but only one thing at any |
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19 given time. Whatever you store in a register remains there until you |
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20 store something else in that register. To see what a register @var{r} |
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21 contains, use @kbd{M-x view-register}. |
25829 | 22 |
23 @table @kbd | |
24 @item M-x view-register @key{RET} @var{r} | |
25 Display a description of what register @var{r} contains. | |
26 @end table | |
27 | |
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28 @dfn{Bookmarks} record files and positions in them, so you can |
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29 return to those positions when you look at the file again. |
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30 Bookmarks are similar enough in spirit to registers that they |
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31 seem to belong in this chapter. |
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32 |
25829 | 33 @menu |
34 * Position: RegPos. Saving positions in registers. | |
35 * Text: RegText. Saving text in registers. | |
36 * Rectangle: RegRect. Saving rectangles in registers. | |
37 * Configurations: RegConfig. Saving window configurations in registers. | |
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38 * Numbers: RegNumbers. Numbers in registers. |
25829 | 39 * Files: RegFiles. File names in registers. |
40 * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent. | |
41 @end menu | |
42 | |
43 @node RegPos | |
44 @section Saving Positions in Registers | |
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45 @cindex saving position in a register |
25829 | 46 |
47 Saving a position records a place in a buffer so that you can move | |
48 back there later. Moving to a saved position switches to that buffer | |
49 and moves point to that place in it. | |
50 | |
51 @table @kbd | |
52 @item C-x r @key{SPC} @var{r} | |
53 Save position of point in register @var{r} (@code{point-to-register}). | |
54 @item C-x r j @var{r} | |
55 Jump to the position saved in register @var{r} (@code{jump-to-register}). | |
56 @end table | |
57 | |
58 @kindex C-x r SPC | |
59 @findex point-to-register | |
60 To save the current position of point in a register, choose a name | |
61 @var{r} and type @kbd{C-x r @key{SPC} @var{r}}. The register @var{r} | |
62 retains the position thus saved until you store something else in that | |
63 register. | |
64 | |
65 @kindex C-x r j | |
66 @findex jump-to-register | |
67 The command @kbd{C-x r j @var{r}} moves point to the position recorded | |
68 in register @var{r}. The register is not affected; it continues to | |
38129 | 69 hold the same position. You can jump to the saved position any number |
25829 | 70 of times. |
71 | |
72 If you use @kbd{C-x r j} to go to a saved position, but the buffer it | |
73 was saved from has been killed, @kbd{C-x r j} tries to create the buffer | |
74 again by visiting the same file. Of course, this works only for buffers | |
75 that were visiting files. | |
76 | |
77 @node RegText | |
78 @section Saving Text in Registers | |
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79 @cindex saving text in a register |
25829 | 80 |
81 When you want to insert a copy of the same piece of text several | |
82 times, it may be inconvenient to yank it from the kill ring, since each | |
83 subsequent kill moves that entry further down the ring. An alternative | |
84 is to store the text in a register and later retrieve it. | |
85 | |
86 @table @kbd | |
87 @item C-x r s @var{r} | |
88 Copy region into register @var{r} (@code{copy-to-register}). | |
89 @item C-x r i @var{r} | |
90 Insert text from register @var{r} (@code{insert-register}). | |
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91 @item M-x append-to-register @key{RET} @var{r} |
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92 Append region to text in register @var{r}. |
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93 @item M-x prepend-to-register @key{RET} @var{r} |
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94 Prepend region to text in register @var{r}. |
25829 | 95 @end table |
96 | |
97 @kindex C-x r s | |
98 @kindex C-x r i | |
99 @findex copy-to-register | |
100 @findex insert-register | |
38129 | 101 @kbd{C-x r s @var{r}} stores a copy of the text of the region into |
102 the register named @var{r}. @kbd{C-u C-x r s @var{r}}, the same | |
103 command with a numeric argument, deletes the text from the buffer as | |
38954 | 104 well; you can think of this as ``moving'' the region text into the register. |
25829 | 105 |
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106 @findex append-to-register |
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107 @findex prepend-to-register |
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108 @kbd{M-x append-to-register @key{RET} @var{r}} appends the copy of |
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109 the text in the region to the text already stored in the register |
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110 named @var{r}. If invoked with a numeric argument, it deletes the |
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111 region after appending it to the register. The command |
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112 @code{prepend-to-register} is similar, except that it @emph{prepends} |
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113 the region text to the text in the register, rather than |
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114 @emph{appending} it. |
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115 |
25829 | 116 @kbd{C-x r i @var{r}} inserts in the buffer the text from register |
117 @var{r}. Normally it leaves point before the text and places the mark | |
118 after, but with a numeric argument (@kbd{C-u}) it puts point after the | |
119 text and the mark before. | |
120 | |
121 @node RegRect | |
122 @section Saving Rectangles in Registers | |
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123 @cindex saving rectangle in a register |
25829 | 124 |
125 A register can contain a rectangle instead of linear text. The | |
126 rectangle is represented as a list of strings. @xref{Rectangles}, for | |
127 basic information on how to specify a rectangle in the buffer. | |
128 | |
129 @table @kbd | |
130 @findex copy-rectangle-to-register | |
131 @kindex C-x r r | |
132 @item C-x r r @var{r} | |
133 Copy the region-rectangle into register @var{r} | |
134 (@code{copy-rectangle-to-register}). With numeric argument, delete it as | |
135 well. | |
136 @item C-x r i @var{r} | |
137 Insert the rectangle stored in register @var{r} (if it contains a | |
138 rectangle) (@code{insert-register}). | |
139 @end table | |
140 | |
141 The @kbd{C-x r i @var{r}} command inserts a text string if the | |
142 register contains one, and inserts a rectangle if the register contains | |
143 one. | |
144 | |
145 See also the command @code{sort-columns}, which you can think of | |
146 as sorting a rectangle. @xref{Sorting}. | |
147 | |
148 @node RegConfig | |
149 @section Saving Window Configurations in Registers | |
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150 @cindex saving window configuration in a register |
25829 | 151 |
152 @findex window-configuration-to-register | |
153 @findex frame-configuration-to-register | |
154 @kindex C-x r w | |
155 @kindex C-x r f | |
156 You can save the window configuration of the selected frame in a | |
157 register, or even the configuration of all windows in all frames, and | |
158 restore the configuration later. | |
159 | |
160 @table @kbd | |
161 @item C-x r w @var{r} | |
162 Save the state of the selected frame's windows in register @var{r} | |
163 (@code{window-configuration-to-register}). | |
164 @item C-x r f @var{r} | |
165 Save the state of all frames, including all their windows, in register | |
166 @var{r} (@code{frame-configuration-to-register}). | |
167 @end table | |
168 | |
169 Use @kbd{C-x r j @var{r}} to restore a window or frame configuration. | |
170 This is the same command used to restore a cursor position. When you | |
171 restore a frame configuration, any existing frames not included in the | |
172 configuration become invisible. If you wish to delete these frames | |
173 instead, use @kbd{C-u C-x r j @var{r}}. | |
174 | |
175 @node RegNumbers | |
176 @section Keeping Numbers in Registers | |
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177 @cindex saving number in a register |
25829 | 178 |
179 There are commands to store a number in a register, to insert | |
180 the number in the buffer in decimal, and to increment it. These commands | |
181 can be useful in keyboard macros (@pxref{Keyboard Macros}). | |
182 | |
183 @table @kbd | |
37313 | 184 @item C-u @var{number} C-x r n @var{r} |
25829 | 185 @kindex C-x r n |
186 @findex number-to-register | |
37313 | 187 Store @var{number} into register @var{r} (@code{number-to-register}). |
188 @item C-u @var{number} C-x r + @var{r} | |
25829 | 189 @kindex C-x r + |
190 @findex increment-register | |
37313 | 191 Increment the number in register @var{r} by @var{number} |
25829 | 192 (@code{increment-register}). |
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193 @item C-x r i @var{r} |
37313 | 194 Insert the number from register @var{r} into the buffer. |
25829 | 195 @end table |
196 | |
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197 @kbd{C-x r i} is the same command used to insert any other sort of |
37313 | 198 register contents into the buffer. @kbd{C-x r +} with no numeric |
199 argument increments the register value by 1; @kbd{C-x r n} with no | |
200 numeric argument stores zero in the register. | |
25829 | 201 |
202 @node RegFiles | |
203 @section Keeping File Names in Registers | |
48700 | 204 @cindex saving file name in a register |
25829 | 205 |
206 If you visit certain file names frequently, you can visit them more | |
207 conveniently if you put their names in registers. Here's the Lisp code | |
208 used to put a file name in a register: | |
209 | |
210 @smallexample | |
211 (set-register ?@var{r} '(file . @var{name})) | |
212 @end smallexample | |
213 | |
214 @need 3000 | |
215 @noindent | |
216 For example, | |
217 | |
218 @smallexample | |
219 (set-register ?z '(file . "/gd/gnu/emacs/19.0/src/ChangeLog")) | |
220 @end smallexample | |
221 | |
222 @noindent | |
223 puts the file name shown in register @samp{z}. | |
224 | |
225 To visit the file whose name is in register @var{r}, type @kbd{C-x r j | |
226 @var{r}}. (This is the same command used to jump to a position or | |
227 restore a frame configuration.) | |
228 | |
229 @node Bookmarks | |
230 @section Bookmarks | |
231 @cindex bookmarks | |
232 | |
233 @dfn{Bookmarks} are somewhat like registers in that they record | |
234 positions you can jump to. Unlike registers, they have long names, and | |
235 they persist automatically from one Emacs session to the next. The | |
236 prototypical use of bookmarks is to record ``where you were reading'' in | |
237 various files. | |
238 | |
239 @table @kbd | |
240 @item C-x r m @key{RET} | |
241 Set the bookmark for the visited file, at point. | |
242 | |
243 @item C-x r m @var{bookmark} @key{RET} | |
244 @findex bookmark-set | |
245 Set the bookmark named @var{bookmark} at point (@code{bookmark-set}). | |
246 | |
247 @item C-x r b @var{bookmark} @key{RET} | |
248 @findex bookmark-jump | |
249 Jump to the bookmark named @var{bookmark} (@code{bookmark-jump}). | |
250 | |
251 @item C-x r l | |
252 @findex list-bookmarks | |
253 List all bookmarks (@code{list-bookmarks}). | |
254 | |
255 @item M-x bookmark-save | |
256 @findex bookmark-save | |
257 Save all the current bookmark values in the default bookmark file. | |
258 @end table | |
259 | |
260 @kindex C-x r m | |
261 @findex bookmark-set | |
262 @kindex C-x r b | |
263 @findex bookmark-jump | |
264 The prototypical use for bookmarks is to record one current position | |
265 in each of several files. So the command @kbd{C-x r m}, which sets a | |
266 bookmark, uses the visited file name as the default for the bookmark | |
267 name. If you name each bookmark after the file it points to, then you | |
268 can conveniently revisit any of those files with @kbd{C-x r b}, and move | |
269 to the position of the bookmark at the same time. | |
270 | |
271 @kindex C-x r l | |
272 To display a list of all your bookmarks in a separate buffer, type | |
273 @kbd{C-x r l} (@code{list-bookmarks}). If you switch to that buffer, | |
274 you can use it to edit your bookmark definitions or annotate the | |
38954 | 275 bookmarks. Type @kbd{C-h m} in the bookmark buffer for more |
276 information about its special editing commands. | |
25829 | 277 |
278 When you kill Emacs, Emacs offers to save your bookmark values in your | |
279 default bookmark file, @file{~/.emacs.bmk}, if you have changed any | |
280 bookmark values. You can also save the bookmarks at any time with the | |
281 @kbd{M-x bookmark-save} command. The bookmark commands load your | |
282 default bookmark file automatically. This saving and loading is how | |
283 bookmarks persist from one Emacs session to the next. | |
284 | |
285 @vindex bookmark-save-flag | |
286 If you set the variable @code{bookmark-save-flag} to 1, then each | |
287 command that sets a bookmark will also save your bookmarks; this way, | |
288 you don't lose any bookmark values even if Emacs crashes. (The value, | |
289 if a number, says how many bookmark modifications should go by between | |
290 saving.) | |
291 | |
292 @vindex bookmark-search-size | |
293 Bookmark position values are saved with surrounding context, so that | |
294 @code{bookmark-jump} can find the proper position even if the file is | |
295 modified slightly. The variable @code{bookmark-search-size} says how | |
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296 many characters of context to record on each side of the bookmark's |
25829 | 297 position. |
298 | |
299 Here are some additional commands for working with bookmarks: | |
300 | |
301 @table @kbd | |
302 @item M-x bookmark-load @key{RET} @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
303 @findex bookmark-load | |
304 Load a file named @var{filename} that contains a list of bookmark | |
305 values. You can use this command, as well as @code{bookmark-write}, to | |
306 work with other files of bookmark values in addition to your default | |
307 bookmark file. | |
308 | |
309 @item M-x bookmark-write @key{RET} @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
310 @findex bookmark-write | |
311 Save all the current bookmark values in the file @var{filename}. | |
312 | |
313 @item M-x bookmark-delete @key{RET} @var{bookmark} @key{RET} | |
314 @findex bookmark-delete | |
315 Delete the bookmark named @var{bookmark}. | |
316 | |
317 @item M-x bookmark-insert-location @key{RET} @var{bookmark} @key{RET} | |
318 @findex bookmark-insert-location | |
319 Insert in the buffer the name of the file that bookmark @var{bookmark} | |
320 points to. | |
321 | |
322 @item M-x bookmark-insert @key{RET} @var{bookmark} @key{RET} | |
323 @findex bookmark-insert | |
324 Insert in the buffer the @emph{contents} of the file that bookmark | |
325 @var{bookmark} points to. | |
326 @end table | |
52401 | 327 |
328 @ignore | |
329 arch-tag: b00af991-ebc3-4b3a-8e82-a3ac81ff2e64 | |
330 @end ignore |