annotate doc/lispref/minibuf.texi @ 107863:594e81986a75

2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-insert-link): Find the link buffer on visible frames. (org-export-latex-default-packages-alist): hyperref must be loaded late. (org-open-file): More care with the new matching for file links. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-preprocess): Do not yet protect defined entities - these will be taken care of later. (org-export-latex-special-chars): Post-process entity replacement. (org-export-latex-fontify-headline): Do not yet protect defined entities - these will be taken care of later. (org-export-latex-tables, org-export-latex-links): Format the caption properly. * org-entities.el (org-entities-user): Fix typo. * org.el (org-prepare-agenda-buffers): Uniquify TODO keywords * org-entities.el (org-entities-user): Improve docstring. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-entities.el (org-macs): Require org-macs, to be sure that we have `declare-function' defined. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-classes): Update docstring. * org.el (org-format-latex-header): Add cookies to the header. (org-splice-latex-header): Implement placement according to cookies. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-publish.el (org-publish-aux-preprocess): Control case sensitivity. 2010-04-10 Bastien Guerry <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-splice-latex-header): Fix typo. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-make-header): Use `org-splice-latex-header' to build the header. (org-export-latex-classes): Update docstring. * org.el (org-splice-latex-header): New function. (org-create-formula-image): Use `org-splice-latex-header' to build the header. * org-gnus.el (org-gnus-follow-link): Handle nndoc backend. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-export-latex-packages-alist) (org-export-latex-default-packages-alist): Fix docstring to reflect the expected structure. * org-docbook.el (org-docbook-do-expand): Fix bug with variable names. (org-export-docbook-finalize-table): Make use of label for tables. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-attach.el (org-attach-commit): Split on newlines. * org.el (org-export-latex-default-packages-alist): Use list instead of cons for the entries. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-entities.el (org-entity-get-representation): Catch the case that there is not entry in the list. * org-mobile.el (org-mobile-use-encryption) (org-mobile-encryption-tempfile, org-mobile-encryption-password): New options. (org-mobile-check-setup): CHeck the encryption setup. (org-mobile-copy-agenda-files, org-mobile-sumo-agenda-command) (org-mobile-create-sumo-agenda): Use encryption code. (org-mobile-encrypt-and-move): New function. (org-mobile-encrypt-file, org-mobile-decrypt-file): New functions. (org-mobile-move-capture): Decrypt the capture file. * org.el (org-entities): Require the new file. (org-export-latex-default-packages-alist): New variable. (org-complete): Use new entity code for completion. (org-create-formula-image): Use the new packages variable. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-classes): Remove the standard packages from the class headers. (org-export-latex-make-header): Use the new package variable. (org-export-latex-special-chars): Better regexp for entities, to support entity name that contain numbers. (org-export-latex-treat-backslash-char): Use the new entity code. * org-html.el (org-html-do-expand): Use the new entity code. * org-exp.el (org-export): Add the new export commands. (org-html-entities): Constant removed. (org-export-visible): Add the new export commands. * org-entities.el: New file. * org-docbook.el (org-docbook-do-expand): Use new entity code. * org-ascii.el (org-export-ascii-entities): New variable. (org-export-as-latin1, org-export-as-latin1-to-buffer) (org-export-as-utf8, org-export-as-utf8-to-buffer): New commands. (org-export-as-encoding): New function. (org-export-ascii-preprocess): Call `org-ascii-replace-entities'. (org-ascii-replace-entities): New function. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-html.el (org-html-level-start): Catch the case that target might be nil. 2010-04-10 Dan Davison <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-appearance): Change Customize group variable name from org-font-lock to org-appearance, and change tag from "Org Font Lock" to "Org Appearance" (org-odd-levels-only): Change Customize group variable name (org-level-color-stars-only): Change Customize group variable name (org-hide-leading-stars): Change Customize group variable name (org-hidden-keywords): Change Customize group variable name (org-fontify-done-headline): Change Customize group variable name (org-fontify-emphasized-text): Change Customize group variable name (org-fontify-whole-heading-line): Change Customize group variable name (org-highlight-latex-fragments-and-specials): Change Customize group variable name (org-hide-emphasis-markers): Change Customize group variable name (org-emphasis-alist): Change Customize group variable name (org-emphasis-regexp-components): Change Customize group variable name (org-modules): Remove mention of org-R * org-faces.el (org-faces): Change Customize group variable name 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-diary-last-run-time): New variable. (org-diary): prepare agenda buffers only if last call was some time ago. * org-html.el (org-export-html-preprocess): Replace \ref macros with a link. (org-format-org-table-html): Add the label as an anchor. * org-docbook.el (org-export-docbook-format-image): Do some formatting on captions. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-tables, org-export-latex-links): Do some formatting on captions. * org-html.el (org-export-html-format-image) (org-format-org-table-html): Do some formatting on captions. 2010-04-10 Dan Davison <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-hidden-keywords): New customizable variable. This is a list of symbols specifying which of the special keywords #+DATE, #+AUTHOR, #+EMAIL and #+TITLE should be hidden by font lock. (org-fontify-meta-lines-and-blocks): Changes to font-lock code implementing new faces and hiding behaviour. * org-faces.el (org-document-title): New face for #+TITLE lines (org-document-info): New face for #+DATE, #+AUTHOR, #+EMAIL lines (org-document-info-keyword): New face for #+DATE, #+AUTHOR, #+EMAIL keywords 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-publish.el (org-publish-sanitize-plist): New function to rename "index" properties to "sitemap". Do this renaming globally. (org-publish-with-aux-preprocess-maybe): New macro. (org-publish-org-to-pdf, org-publish-org-to-html): Use the new macro. (org-publish-aux-preprocess) (org-publish-index-generate-theindex.inc): New function. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-table.el (org-table-align): Interpret <N> at fixed width, not as maximum width. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-author-info, org-export-email-info): Fix docstrings. * org-beamer.el (org-beamer-select-environment): Renamed from `org-beamer-set-environment-tag'. Improve docstring. * org-freemind.el (org-freemind-write-mm-buffer): Fix another problem with odd levels. * org-ascii.el (org-export-as-ascii): Export email only if the author wants it. * org-docbook.el (org-export-as-docbook): Export email only if the author wants it. * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Export email only if the author wants it. * org-exp.el (org-export-email-info): New option. (org-export-plist-vars): Add entry for `org-export-email'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-table.el (org-table-goto-line): Fix typo. 2010-04-10 Mikael Fornius <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-agenda-files): Typo. (org-read-agenda-file-list): Add optional argument to help `org-store-new-agenda-file-list' to remember un-expanded file names. Expand file names relative to `org-directory'. (org-store-new-agenda-file-list): Keep un-expanded file names when saving, if available. (org-agenda-files): Update documentation. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-ascii.el (org-export-as-ascii): Catch the case of exporting a buffer with no file name attached. * org.el (org-log-refile): New option. (org-log-note-headings): Add a heading for refiling. (org-startup-options): Add keywords for logging of the refile action. (org-refile): Add logging action. (org-add-log-note): Allow for refiling action. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-bulk-action): Make sure `org-log-refile' is not `note' during a bulk action. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-map-dblocks): Use save-excursion to remember the position. * org-attach.el (org-attach-commit): Remove dependence on xargs. (org-attach-delete-one): Commit after deleting a file. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-fontify): Do not mistake table.el borders for strike-through emphasis. * org-freemind.el (org-freemind-write-mm-buffer): Simplify the handling of odd levels. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines): Document `past' and `future' values. (org-agenda-check-for-timestamp-as-reason-to-ignore-todo-item): Handle `past' and `future' values. * org.el (org-read-agenda-file-list): Interpret file names relative to org-directory and allow environment variables and "~". * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-special-chars): Allow a parenthesis before an exponent or subscript. 2010-04-10 Dan Davison <[e-mail]> * org-src.el (org-edit-src-exit): When returning from code edit buffer, if code block is hidden, leave point at start of #+begin_src line 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-insert-heading): Do not remove all spaces if the headline is empty. * org-indent.el (org-indent): Fix group name. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-table.el (org-table-goto-column): Fix forcing a non-existing column. (org-table-get, org-table-put, org-table-goto-line) (org-table-current-line): New functions. 2010-04-10 Jan B���cker <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-open-file): Allow regular expressions in org-file-apps to capture link parameters using groups. In a command string to be executed, the parameters can be referenced using %1, %2, etc. Lisp forms can access them using (match-string n link). (org-apps-regexp-alist): Adopt the created regexp, as this is now matched against a file: link instead of the file name. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-crypt.el (org-reveal-start-hook): Add a decryption function to this hook. (org-decrypt-entries, org-encrypt-entries, org-decrypt-entry): Add docstrings. * org.el (org-point-at-end-of-empty-headline) (org-level-increment, org-get-previous-line-level): New function. (org-cycle-level): Rewritten to be independent of when this function is called. (org-in-regexps-block-p): New function. (org-reveal-start-hook): New hook. (org-reveal): Run new hook. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-keywords): Start a new paragraph after time keywords, do not add "\newline". * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Avoid double # in href. * org.el (org-refile-get-location): Catch an invalid target specification. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-add-entry-to-org-agenda-diary-file): Make sure the behavior regarding to extracting time is consistent. 2010-04-10 Stephen Eglen <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-insert-diary-extract-time): New variable. (org-agenda-add-entry-to-org-agenda-diary-file): Use this new variable rather than `org-agenda-search-headline-for-time'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-list.el (org-fix-bullet-type): Improve cursor positioning. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-adaptive-fill-regexp-backup): New variable. (org-set-autofill-regexps): Store a backup of `adaptive-fill-regexp'. (org-adaptive-fill-function): Fix filling of comments and ordered lists. If there is no other match, till try adaptive fill. 2010-04-10 John Wiegley <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-include-deadlines): Added new customization variable to determine whether unscheduled tasks should appear in the agenda solely because of their deadline. Default to true, which was the previous behavior (it just wasn't configurable). (org-agenda-mode-map, org-agenda-view-mode-dispatch): Bind ! in the agenda to show/hide deadline tasks. (org-agenda-menu): Added menu option for show/hide deadlines. (org-agenda-list): Make the agenda list sensitive to the value of `org-agenda-include-deadlines'. (org-agenda-toggle-deadlines): New function to toggle the value of `org-agenda-include-deadlines' and repaint the modeline indicators. (org-agenda-set-mode-name): Show "Deadlines" in the agenda modeline if deadline tasks are being displayed. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-table.el (org-table-eval-formula): Replace $# and @# by current column and row number. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-set-property, org-delete-property): Go back to prompting for the property. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-make-header): Fully process author line. (org-export-latex-fontify-headline): Allow several arguments, not just one. (org-export-latex-fix-inputenc): Catch the error when `latexenc-coding-system-to-inputenc' is not defined. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-skip-if-todo): New function. (org-agenda-skip-if): Add conditions for TODO keywords. (org-agenda-skip-if): Document the new todo conditions. 2010-04-10 Mikael Fornius <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-at-property-p): Check if we are inside a property drawer not just any drawer. (org-set-property, org-delete-property): When cursor is on a property key value pair do not prompt for property name instead use name at cursor. (org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c): Still do org-property-action when cursor is on the first line of a property drawer. (org-property-end-re): Spell check. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-attach-captions-and-attributes): Add the properties to the entire table, in case the first line is removed. * org-archive.el (org-archive-reversed-order): New option. (org-archive-subtree, org-archive-to-archive-sibling): Use the new option `org-archive-reversed-order'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-entry-types): New variable. (org-agenda-list): Use `org-agenda-entry-types'. (org-agenda-custom-commands-local-options): Support for setting `org-agenda-entry-types' as an option. (org-diary): Shift some documentation from here to the variable `org-agenda-entry-types'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-make-header): Apply macros in author field. * org-clock.el (org-clocking-buffer, org-clocking-p): New function. (org-clock-select-task, org-clock-notify-once-if-expired) (org-clock-in, org-clock-out, org-clock-cancel, org-clock-goto) (org-clock-out-if-current, org-clock-save): Use the new functions. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-docbook.el (org-export-as-docbook): Remove unnecessary newline. (org-export-as-docbook): Remove unnecessary newline. (org-export-as-docbook): Fix problem with double footnote reference in one place. * org-exp.el (org-export-format-source-code-or-example): Remove unnecessary newline. * org.el (org-deadline, org-schedule): Allow rescheduling entries with repeaters. * org-table.el (org-table-convert-refs-to-rc): Better way to catch function calls that look like references. * org.el (org-open-at-point): Get link abbreviations from reference buffer. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-table.el (org-table-convert-refs-to-rc): Do not read arctan2 as a reference. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-link-unescape): Solve issue with lower-case escapes. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-classes): Add \usepackage{latexsym} to all classes. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Do not allow protected lines into the table of contents. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-special-chars): Find subsequent occurrences of special characters. (org-export-latex-tables): Do not convert table-like stuff that is protected. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-list.el (org-toggle-checkbox): No errors when updating checkbox count fails because there is no heading. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-clock-report-include-clocking-task): New option. (org-clock-sum): Add the current clocking task. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-cycle): Print a message when in a table.el table. (org-edit-special): Recognize the table.el context. (org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c): Print a message when in a table.el table. * org-src.el (org-at-table.el-p): Declare. (org-edit-src-code): Handle a special case for table.el editing. (org-edit-src-find-region-and-lang): Recognize the table.el context. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-tables): Convert table.el tables. (org-export-latex-convert-table.el-table): New function. * org-html.el (org-html-expand): Fix table.el export. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-preprocess): Protect footnotes in headings. * org-id.el (org-id-find-id-file): Fix bug when there is no hash table for the id locations. * org.el (org-read-date-analyze): Match American-style dates, like 5/30 or 5/13/7. Make sure cal-iso.el is loaded. Don't force he current year when reading ISO and American dates. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-face-from-face-or-color): New function. (org-get-todo-face, org-font-lock-add-priority-faces) (org-get-tag-face): Use `org-face-from-face-or-color'. * org-faces.el (org-todo-keyword-faces, org-priority-faces): Allow simple colors as values. (org-faces-easy-properties): New option. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-set-mode-name): Show if the agenda is restricted, as an agenda mode. (org-agenda-fontify-priorities): Allow simple colors as values. 2010-04-10 Bastien Guerry <[e-mail]> * org-timer.el (org-timer-current-timer): Renamed from `org-timer-last-timer'. (org-timer-timer1, org-timer-timer2, org-timer-timer3): Removed. (org-timer-cancel-timer, org-timer-show-remaining-time) (org-timer-set-timer): Update to use only one timer. * org.el (org-set-property): Remove useless space in the prompt. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-html.el (org-export-html-style-default): Add a default style for textareas. * org-exp.el (org-export-format-source-code-or-example): Fix textarea tag. 2010-04-10 Bastien Guerry <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-clock-current-task): New variable to store last clocked in task. (org-clock-set-current, org-clock-delete-current): New functions. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-remember.el (org-remember-apply-template): Extend comment. (org-remember-handler): Implement clock sibling filing. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-publish.el (org-publish-all, org-publish-current-file) (org-publish-current-project): When called with prefix argument FORCE, also rebuild the validation file list. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-preprocess): Protect footnotes in section headings. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-html.el (org-export-as-html-and-open): Kill product buffer if the user wants that. * org-latex.el (org-export-as-pdf-and-open): Kill product buffer if the user wants that. * org-exp.el (org-export-kill-product-buffer-when-displayed): New option. * org-agenda.el (org-batch-agenda-csv): Use the time property instead of the `time-of-day' property. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-timer.el (org-timer-start-hook, org-timer-stop-hook) (org-timer-pause-hook, org-timer-set-hook) (org-timer-cancel-hook): New hooks. (org-timer-start): Run `org-timer-start-hook'. (org-timer-pause-or-continue): Run `org-timer-pause-hook'. (org-timer-stop): Run `org-timer-stop-hook'. (org-timer-cancel-timers): Run `org-timer-cancel-hook'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-reveal): Double prefix arg shows the subtree of the parent. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-search-view): Fix bug with searching full words in headlines in search view. (org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled): New option. (org-agenda-get-deadlines): Suppress pre-warning if the entry is scheduled (if the user configures it so. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-hide-archived-subtrees): Don't jump to end of subtree if the match was not in a headline. (org-inside-latex-macro-p): Allow more complex arguments. (org-emphasize): Protect against use at end of buffer. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-align-tags): Avoid side effects on text properties. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled): More allowed values. (org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled) (org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines): More control with different allowed values. (org-agenda-check-for-timestamp-as-reason-to-ignore-todo-item): Honor the new option settings. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-get-location): Make sure the selection buffer is shown in the current frame. * org-ascii.el (org-export-ascii-table-widen-columns): New option. (org-export-ascii-preprocess): Realign tables to remove narrowing if `org-export-ascii-table-widen-columns' is set. * org-table.el (org-table-do-narrow): New variable. (org-table-align): Narrow only if `org-table-do-narrow' is t. * org.el (org-deadline, org-schedule): Allow updating if the relevant time stamp does not have a repeater, i.e. do not require that no time stamp has a repeater. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-align-tags): Don't add a face to the new white space before the tags. * org-latex.el (org-export-as-latex): Do nit require the buffer to be visiting a file when only exporting to a buffer or string. (org-export-latex-fix-inputenc): Only save the buffer is there is a file name attached to it. 2010-04-10 Dan Davison <[e-mail]> * org-src.el (org-edit-src-exit): Widen before exiting edit buffers 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-fontify-meta-lines-and-blocks): Honor `org-fontify-quote-and-verse-blocks'. * org-faces.el (org-fontify-quote-and-verse-blocks): New option. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-open-at-point): Also check for text property org-linked-text before offering collected links. 2010-04-10 Stephen Eglen <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-add-entry-to-org-agenda-diary-file): Optionally extract time specification from text and add to the timestamp. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-html-entities): Fix typo. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-make-header): Use \providecommand to make sure the \alert macro is defined. * org.el (org-format-latex-signal-error) (org-create-formula-image): Use `org-format-latex-signal-error'. 2010-04-10 Stephen Eglen <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-store-link): For dired buffers, use default-directory as link name if dired-get-filename returns nil. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-concatenate-multiline-links): The for protectedness at beginning of match. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-fix-inputenc): Never leave the AUTO as a coding system, instead default to utf8. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-block-todo-from-children-or-siblings-or-parent) (org-block-todo-from-checkboxes): Respect the local variable value when deciding if blocking should be active. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-make-header): Define the align macro if it is not yet defined. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-insert-diary-make-new-entry): Call `org-insert-heading' with the INVISIBLE-OK argument. * org-mac-message.el (org-mac-message-insert-flagged): Call `org-insert-heading' with the INVISIBLE-OK argument. * org.el (org-insert-heading): New argument INVISIBLE-OK. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-view-mode-dispatch): Improve the prompt message. * org-html.el (org-html-level-start): Use the `html-container-class' text property to set an additional class for an outline container. * org-exp.el (org-export-remember-html-container-classes): New function. (org-export-preprocess-string): Call `org-export-remember-html-container-classes'. * org.el (org-cycle): Mention level cycling in the docstring. (org-default-properties): Add new property HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS. * org-remember.el (org-remember-apply-template): Do file insertion first. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-habit.el (org-habit-insert-consistency-graphs): Fix a problem with mis-aligned graphs when showing habits. 2010-04-10 Mikael Fornius <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-assign-fast-keys): Prefer keys used in keyword name when assigning. Begin using numerical characters when all in name is used up. This is to spare alphanumeric characters for better match with other keywords. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-preprocess-hook): Improve documentation. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-preprocess): More consistent conversion and protection of the words LaTeX and TeX. (org-export-latex-fontify-headline, org-export-latex-preprocess): Allow angle brackets in commands, for beamer. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-clock-in): Improve the look of the clock line by formatting links. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-classes): Use AUTO as the place holder string for the coding system. And improve the documentation. (org-export-latex-fix-inputenc): Only modify the coding system if it is given by the placeholder AUTO. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-task-overrun-text): New option. (org-task-overrun, org-clock-update-period): New variables. (org-clock-get-clock-string, org-clock-update-mode-line): Mark overrun clock. (org-clock-notify-once-if-expired): Check if clock is overrun. * org-faces.el: New face `org-mode-line-clock-overrun'. 2010-04-10 Jan B���cker <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-narrow-to-subtree): Position the end of the narrowed region before the line with the next heading, to prevent the user from prepending text to the next headline. 2010-04-10 Stephen Eglen <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-get-time-of-day): Use org-agenda-time-leading-zero to allow leading zero (rather than space) for times. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-diary-entry-in-org-file): Make sure org-datetree.el is loaded. * org-datetree.el: autoload `org-datetree-find-day-create' * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-hyperref-format): New option. (org-export-latex-links): Use `org-export-latex-hyperref-format'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-ctags.el (org-ctags-enable): Change order of functions. (org-ctags-create-tags): Add wildcard to file name expansion. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-entry-properties): Fix some important bugs. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-link-unescape, org-link-escape): Only use hexlify if the table is not explicitly given. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-clock-out-when-done): Allow a list of keywords as value. (org-clock-out-if-current): Work with the new list value of `org-clock-out-when-done'. (org-clock-out, org-clock-out-if-current): Avoid circular logic between clocking out and state changes. * org-ctags.el (org-ctags-path-to-ctags): Better system-type test. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-treat-backslash-char): Do not by accident protect a character that is before a backslash. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-diary-class): Use `org-order-calendar-date-args'. * org.el (org-order-calendar-date-args): New function. * org-exp.el (org-export-target-internal-links): Check for protectedness after the first bracket. * org.el (org-entry-properties): Don't match wrong-case TODO keywords. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-schedule, org-agenda-deadline): Document that ARG is passed through to remove the date. (org-agenda-bulk-action): Accept prefix arg and pass it on. Do not read a date when the user has given a `C-u' prefix. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-fix-displayed-tags): Fix bug when all tags are hidden. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-fix-inputenc): New function. (org-export-latex-inputenc-alist): New option. * org-exp.el (org-export): New key SPC to publish enclosing subtree. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-indent.el (org-indent-add-properties): Catch case when there is no headline in the buffer. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-html-entities): Add checkmark symbol. * org-ascii.el (org-export-ascii-preprocess): Protect targets in verbatim code for ASCII export. * org.el (org-update-statistics-cookies): Also see checkboxes in ordered lists. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-view-mode-dispatch): Define the `L' key. * org-beamer.el (org-beamer-amend-header): Change the location where `org-beamer-header-extra' is inserted. * org.el (org-compute-latex-and-specials-regexp): Don't do BIND just for computing this regexp. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-beamer.el (org-beamer-frame-default-options): New option. (org-beamer-sectioning): Use default options if the user does not have defined any. (org-beamer-fix-toc): Put a frame around the table of contents. * org-exp.el (org-export-remove-comment-blocks-and-subtrees): Make sure case-folding works well when processing comment stuff. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-after-save-hook): New hook. (org-export-as-latex): Run the new hook. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-beamer.el (org-beamer-environments-default): Add the note environments. (org-beamer-after-initial-vars): Allow several BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA lines and collect and combine the content. (org-beamer-after-initial-vars): Check for note tags and make sure they will be seen like a property. * org.el (org-offer-links-in-entry): Fix bug when there is a single link. * org-exp.el (org-export): Make sure the mark is activated, also when `transient-mark-mode' is off. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-search-view-always-boolean): New option. (org-agenda-search-view-search-words-only): Obsolete variable, is now an alias for `org-agenda-search-view-always-boolean'. (org-agenda-search-view-force-full-words): New option. (org-search-view): Improve docstring, and implement a better logic for Boolean and phrase searches. (org-agenda-last-search-view-search-was-boolean): New variable. (org-agenda-manipulate-query): Consider the type of the last search when modifying the search string. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-as-latex): Do the first letbind in the right moment. * org-agenda.el (org-get-entries-from-diary): Add the new face to these entries. * org-faces.el (org-agenda-diary): New face. * org.el (org-make-link-regexps): Allow regexp-special characters in link types. (org-open-file): When in-emacs is `system', also force system opening, like when the value was `(16)'. (org-update-statistics-cookies): Handle entries without children. * org-exp.el (org-export-preprocess-before-normalizing-links-hook): New hook. (org-export-preprocess-string): Run the new hook. * org.el (org-offer-links-in-entry): Make RET open all links. * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Remove any leftover display properties in the html file. * org-wl.el (org-wl-store-link): Work-around for format bug with text properties. * org-habit.el (org-habit-insert-consistency-graphs): Turn off invisibility while adding the graphs. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-remember.el (org-select-remember-template): Use C letter to customize remember templates. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-bulk-mark, org-agenda-bulk-unmark): Move cursor to next visible line. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-beamer.el (org-beamer-sectioning): Leave columns environment by specifying 0 or 1 for column width. (org-beamer-column-widths): Make 0 stand for 0.0. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-mark-radio-links): Don't match inside <<target>>. * org.el (org-format-latex-header-extra): New variable. (org-format-latex): Set org-format-latex-header-extra from in-buffer stuff. (org-format-latex): Add org-format-latex-header-extra to the variables on which image creation depends. (org-create-formula-image): Add the header stuff from in-buffer settings. (org-read-date-analyze): Base the analysis for future preference on NOW, not on the default date. * org-inlinetask.el (org-inlinetask-export-handler): Add CSS class for TODO keyword in inline tasks. * org.el (org-log-note-headings): New headings for removing deadline or scheduling date. (org-deadline, org-schedule): Arrange for logging when removing a date. (org-add-log-note): Handle deadline and scheduling removal. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-visible): Add LaTeX/pdf export. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-diary-class): New function. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-preprocess): Do process the text of a radio target. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-entry-properties): Add TIMESTAMP properties back in. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-all-time-keywords): New variable. (org-set-regexps-and-options): Set `org-all-time-keywords'. (org-entry-blocked-p): New function. (org-special-properties): Add BLOCKED as a new special property. (org-entry-properties): New optional argument SPECIFIC, only parse for this property when it is specified. (org-entry-get): Pass a SPECIFIC argument to `org-entry-properties'. * org-latex.el (org-export-as-latex): Preprocess TEXT as well. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-tables): No forced line end if there is no caption. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-html-entities): Add Euro symbols from Marvosym package. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-tables): Only add a caption when macro in in longtable environments if one has been defined. * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Only take title from buffer if not exporting body-only. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-preprocess): Better version of the regular expression for protecting LaTeX macros. (org-export-latex-preprocess): Start searching for macros to protect from beginning of buffer. * org-exp.el (org-export-target-internal-links): Check for protectedness earlier in the string. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-highlight-todo): Match TODO keywords case sensitively. * org-id.el (org-id-store-link): Match TODO keywords case sensitively. * org.el (org-heading-components, org-get-outline-path) (org-display-outline-path): Match TODO keywords case sensitively. * org-latex.el (org-export-as-latex): Ignore read-only properties. * org-exp.el (org-export-preprocess-string): Remove any `read-only' properties. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-inactive-leader): New option. (org-agenda-get-timestamps): Use `org-agenda-inactive-leader'. (org-tags-view): Prompt for matcher if MATCH is an empty string. (org-todo-list): Prompt for matcher if ARG is an empty string. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-open-link-functions): New hook. (org-open-at-point): Run `org-open-link-functions'. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-date-prompt): Allow inactive time stamps as well. * org.el (org-inhibit-startup-visibility-stuff): New variable. (org-mode): Don't do startup visibility if inhibited. (org-outline-overlay-data, org-set-outline-overlay-data): New functions. (org-save-outline-visibility): New macro. (org-log-note-headings): Document that one should not change the `state' note format. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-make-link-regexps): Capture link path into a group. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-beamer.el (org-beamer-after-initial-vars): Do not overwrite the options plist. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-startup-with-beamer-mode): New option. (org-property-changed-functions) (org-property-allowed-value-functions): New hooks. (org-entry-put, org-property-get-allowed-values): Run the new hooks. (org-property-next-allowed-value): Run the new hooks. * org-exp.el (org-export-select-backend-specific-text): Add the special beamer tags. * org-beamer.el (org-export-preprocess-before-selecting-backend-code-hook): New file. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-after-initial-vars-hook): New hook. (org-export-as-latex): Run `org-export-latex-after-initial-vars-hook'. (org-export-latex-format-toc-function) (org-export-latex-make-header): Call `org-export-latex-format-toc-function'. * org.el (org-fill-template): Make template searches case sensitive. * org-exp.el (org-export): Use "1" as a sign to export only the subtree. * org-colview-xemacs.el (org-columns-edit-value): Use org-unrestricted property. * org-colview.el (org-columns-edit-value): Use org-unrestricted property. * org.el (org-compute-property-at-point): Set org-unrestricted text property if the list contains ":ETC". (org-insert-property-drawer): Use org-unrestricted property. * org-exp.el (org-export-preprocess-before-selecting-backend-code-hook): New hook. (org-export-preprocess-string): Run `org-export-preprocess-before-selecting-backend-code-hook'. * org-xoxo.el (org-export-as-xoxo): Run `org-export-first-hook'. * org-latex.el (org-export-region-as-latex): Run `org-export-first-hook'. * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Run `org-export-first-hook'. * org-docbook.el (org-export-as-docbook): Run `org-export-first-hook'. * org-ascii.el (org-export-as-ascii): Run `org-export-first-hook'. * org-exp.el (org-export-first-hook): New hook. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-list.el (org-previous-item): Exit at the beginning of the buffer. * org-id.el (org-id-locations-save): Only write the id locations if any are defined. * org-archive.el (org-archive-all-done): Make this work in a file with org-odd-levels-only set. * org.el (org-get-refile-targets): Catch the case when a buffer has no file. * org-latex.el (org-export-as-latex): Cleanup forced line ends where they are not needed. (org-export-latex-subcontent): Remove unnecessary newlines. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-make-header): Remove \obeylines. (org-export-latex-fontify): Fix regexp bug that takes special care of protecting the right boundary characters in emphasis matches. (org-export-latex-preprocess): Allow multiple arguments to latex macros. * org.el (org-make-link-regexps): Use John Gruber's regexp for urls. * org-macs.el (org-re): Interpret :punct: in regexps. * org-exp.el (org-export-replace-src-segments-and-examples): Also take the final newline after the END line. * org.el (org-clean-visibility-after-subtree-move): Only fix entries that are not entirely invisible already. (org-insert-link): Respect org-link-file-path-type for "docview:" links in addition to "file:" links. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-exp.el (org-export-format-source-code-or-example): Avoid additional extra white lines in LaTeX. * org-list.el (org-list-parse-list): Leave empty lines after the list, don't consider them as part of the list. * org-mobile.el (org-mobile-sumo-agenda-command): Allow tagstodo searches. * org-clock.el (org-clock-select-task): Convert integer to character for XEmacs. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-clock-resolve): Make reading a char XEmacs compatible. 2010-04-10 Tassilo Horn <[e-mail]> * org.el (org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags): New variable. (org-set-tags): Use it. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-list.el (org-empty-line-terminates-plain-lists): Update docstring. * org.el (org-format-latex): Fix link creation for processed latex snippets. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-footnote.el (org-footnote-normalize): Protect replacement text. * org.el (org-inside-latex-macro-p): Save match data. 2010-04-10 Jan B���cker <[e-mail]> * org-docview.el: New file. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-class-options): New variable. (org-export-latex-set-initial-vars): Use the class options. * org.el (org-forward-same-level): Stop at headings that start with an invisible character. (org-additional-option-like-keywords): Add LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-footnote.el (org-footnote-normalize): Don't take optional arguments in LaTeX macros as footnotes. * org.el (org-inside-latex-macro-p): New function. * org-latex.el (org-latex-to-pdf-process): Change customization group to `org-export-pdf'. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-get-blocks): Look at time string also on days after the first one. * org.el (org-insert-heading): Also check for item before assuming before-first-heading condition. * org-latex.el (org-latex-to-pdf-process): Fix typo in group tag. (org-export-pdf-logfiles): New option. (org-export-as-pdf): Use `org-export-pdf-logfiles'. (org-export-pdf-logfiles): Fix customization type. * org.el (org-insert-link): Improve error message when there is no default link to select with RET. * org-agenda.el (org-agenda-filter-by-tag): Use char argument from parameter list. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-parse-global) (org-export-latex-parse-content) (org-export-latex-parse-subcontent): Use `org-re-search-forward-unprotected'. (org-export-as-pdf): Remove log files produced by XeTeX. * org-macs.el (org-re-search-forward-unprotected): New function. 2010-04-10 James TD Smith <[e-mail]> * org-colview.el (org-agenda-colview-summarize): Sort out some confusion between properties and titles, which resulted in agenda summaries not working if a title was set for a column. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-mobile.el (org-mobile-agendas): New option. (org-mobile-sumo-agenda-command): Select the right agendas. * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-format-image): Preserve the original-indentation property. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-clock.el (org-clock-insert-selection-line): Catch error when an old tasks no longer exists. * org-latex.el (org-export-as-pdf): Remove also the .idx file. (org-export-as-pdf): Don't remove the old PDF file before making the new one. * org-mouse.el (org-mouse-end-headline, org-mouse-insert-item) (org-mouse-context-menu): Use `org-looking-back'. * org.el (org-cycle-level): Use `org-looking-back'. * org-list.el (org-cycle-item-indentation): Use `org-looking-back'. * org-compat.el (org-looking-back): New function. * org.el (org-insert-heading): Catch before-first-headline when inserting a headline. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-latex.el (org-export-latex-format-image): Indent figure environment, so that it does not interrupt plain list. * org.el (org-open-at-point): Allow long link descriptions. 2010-04-10 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org-html.el (org-export-as-html): Remove empty lines at the beginning of the exported text. 2010-04-15 Carsten Dominik <[e-mail]> * org.texi (LaTeX and PDF export): Add a footnote about xetex. (LaTeX/PDF export commands): Section renamed and moved. (Sectioning structure): Update. (References): New use case for field coordinates. (The export dispatcher): Renamed from ASCII export. (Setting up the staging area): Document the availability of encryption for MobileOrg. (Images and tables): Document how to reference labels. (Index entries): New section. (Generating an index): New section. (Column width and alignment): Document that <N> now means a fixed width, not a maximum width. (Publishing options): Document the :email option. (Beamer class export): Fix bug in the BEAMER example. (Refiling notes): Document refile logging. (In-buffer settings): Document refile logging keywords. (Drawers): Document `C-c C-z' command. (Agenda commands): Mention the alternative key `C-c C-z'. (Special properties): Document the BLOCKED property. (The spreadsheet): Mention the formula editor. (References): Document field coordinates. (Publishing action): Correct the documentation for the publishing function. (The date/time prompt): Document that we accept dates like month/day/year. (Cooperation): Document the changes in table.el support. (Faces for TODO keywords, Faces for TODO keywords) (Priorities): Document the easy colors. (Visibility cycling): Document the new double prefix arg for `org-reveal'. (Cooperation): Remember.el is part of Emacs. (Clean view): Mention that `wrap-prefix' is also set by org-indent-mode. (Agenda commands): Add information about prefix args to scheduling and deadline commands. (Search view): Point to the docstring of `org-search-view' for more details. (Agenda commands): Document that `>' prompts for a date. (Setting tags): Document variable org-complete-tags-always-offer-all-agenda-tags. (Column attributes): Cross-reference special properties.

@c -*-texinfo-*-
@c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002,
@c   2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
@setfilename ../../info/minibuf
@node Minibuffers, Command Loop, Read and Print, Top
@chapter Minibuffers
@cindex arguments, reading
@cindex complex arguments
@cindex minibuffer

  A @dfn{minibuffer} is a special buffer that Emacs commands use to
read arguments more complicated than the single numeric prefix
argument.  These arguments include file names, buffer names, and
command names (as in @kbd{M-x}).  The minibuffer is displayed on the
bottom line of the frame, in the same place as the echo area
(@pxref{The Echo Area}), but only while it is in use for reading an
argument.

@menu
* Intro to Minibuffers::      Basic information about minibuffers.
* Text from Minibuffer::      How to read a straight text string.
* Object from Minibuffer::    How to read a Lisp object or expression.
* Minibuffer History::	      Recording previous minibuffer inputs
				so the user can reuse them.
* Initial Input::             Specifying initial contents for the minibuffer.
* Completion::                How to invoke and customize completion.
* Yes-or-No Queries::         Asking a question with a simple answer.
* Multiple Queries::	      Asking a series of similar questions.
* Reading a Password::	      Reading a password from the terminal.
* Minibuffer Commands::       Commands used as key bindings in minibuffers.
* Minibuffer Contents::       How such commands access the minibuffer text.
* Minibuffer Windows::        Operating on the special minibuffer windows.
* Recursive Mini::            Whether recursive entry to minibuffer is allowed.
* Minibuffer Misc::           Various customization hooks and variables.
@end menu

@node Intro to Minibuffers
@section Introduction to Minibuffers

  In most ways, a minibuffer is a normal Emacs buffer.  Most operations
@emph{within} a buffer, such as editing commands, work normally in a
minibuffer.  However, many operations for managing buffers do not apply
to minibuffers.  The name of a minibuffer always has the form @w{@samp{
*Minibuf-@var{number}*}}, and it cannot be changed.  Minibuffers are
displayed only in special windows used only for minibuffers; these
windows always appear at the bottom of a frame.  (Sometimes frames have
no minibuffer window, and sometimes a special kind of frame contains
nothing but a minibuffer window; see @ref{Minibuffers and Frames}.)

  The text in the minibuffer always starts with the @dfn{prompt string},
the text that was specified by the program that is using the minibuffer
to tell the user what sort of input to type.  This text is marked
read-only so you won't accidentally delete or change it.  It is also
marked as a field (@pxref{Fields}), so that certain motion functions,
including @code{beginning-of-line}, @code{forward-word},
@code{forward-sentence}, and @code{forward-paragraph}, stop at the
boundary between the prompt and the actual text.

  The minibuffer's window is normally a single line; it grows
automatically if the contents require more space.  You can explicitly
resize it temporarily with the window sizing commands; it reverts to
its normal size when the minibuffer is exited.  You can resize it
permanently by using the window sizing commands in the frame's other
window, when the minibuffer is not active.  If the frame contains just
a minibuffer, you can change the minibuffer's size by changing the
frame's size.

  Use of the minibuffer reads input events, and that alters the values
of variables such as @code{this-command} and @code{last-command}
(@pxref{Command Loop Info}).  Your program should bind them around the
code that uses the minibuffer, if you do not want that to change them.

  Under some circumstances, a command can use a minibuffer even if
there is an active minibuffer; such minibuffers are called a
@dfn{recursive minibuffer}.  The first minibuffer is named
@w{@samp{ *Minibuf-0*}}.  Recursive minibuffers are named by
incrementing the number at the end of the name.  (The names begin with
a space so that they won't show up in normal buffer lists.)  Of
several recursive minibuffers, the innermost (or most recently
entered) is the active minibuffer.  We usually call this ``the''
minibuffer.  You can permit or forbid recursive minibuffers by setting
the variable @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers}, or by putting
properties of that name on command symbols (@xref{Recursive Mini}.)

  Like other buffers, a minibuffer uses a local keymap
(@pxref{Keymaps}) to specify special key bindings.  The function that
invokes the minibuffer also sets up its local map according to the job
to be done.  @xref{Text from Minibuffer}, for the non-completion
minibuffer local maps.  @xref{Completion Commands}, for the minibuffer
local maps for completion.

  When Emacs is running in batch mode, any request to read from the
minibuffer actually reads a line from the standard input descriptor that
was supplied when Emacs was started.

@node Text from Minibuffer
@section Reading Text Strings with the Minibuffer

  The most basic primitive for minibuffer input is
@code{read-from-minibuffer}, which can be used to read either a string
or a Lisp object in textual form.  The function @code{read-regexp} is
used for reading regular expressions (@pxref{Regular Expressions}),
which are a special kind of string.  There are also specialized
functions for reading commands, variables, file names, etc.@:
(@pxref{Completion}).

  In most cases, you should not call minibuffer input functions in the
middle of a Lisp function.  Instead, do all minibuffer input as part of
reading the arguments for a command, in the @code{interactive}
specification.  @xref{Defining Commands}.

@defun read-from-minibuffer prompt-string &optional initial-contents keymap read hist default inherit-input-method
This function is the most general way to get input from the
minibuffer.  By default, it accepts arbitrary text and returns it as a
string; however, if @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, then it uses
@code{read} to convert the text into a Lisp object (@pxref{Input
Functions}).

The first thing this function does is to activate a minibuffer and
display it with @var{prompt-string} as the prompt.  This value must be a
string.  Then the user can edit text in the minibuffer.

When the user types a command to exit the minibuffer,
@code{read-from-minibuffer} constructs the return value from the text in
the minibuffer.  Normally it returns a string containing that text.
However, if @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, @code{read-from-minibuffer}
reads the text and returns the resulting Lisp object, unevaluated.
(@xref{Input Functions}, for information about reading.)

The argument @var{default} specifies default values to make available
through the history commands.  It should be a string, a list of
strings, or @code{nil}.  The string or strings become the minibuffer's
``future history,'' available to the user with @kbd{M-n}.

If @var{read} is non-@code{nil}, then @var{default} is also used
as the input to @code{read}, if the user enters empty input.
If @var{default} is a list of strings, the first string is used as the input.
If @var{default} is @code{nil}, empty input results in an @code{end-of-file} error.
However, in the usual case (where @var{read} is @code{nil}),
@code{read-from-minibuffer} ignores @var{default} when the user enters
empty input and returns an empty string, @code{""}.  In this respect,
it differs from all the other minibuffer input functions in this chapter.

If @var{keymap} is non-@code{nil}, that keymap is the local keymap to
use in the minibuffer.  If @var{keymap} is omitted or @code{nil}, the
value of @code{minibuffer-local-map} is used as the keymap.  Specifying
a keymap is the most important way to customize the minibuffer for
various applications such as completion.

The argument @var{hist} specifies which history list variable to use
for saving the input and for history commands used in the minibuffer.
It defaults to @code{minibuffer-history}.  @xref{Minibuffer History}.

If the variable @code{minibuffer-allow-text-properties} is
non-@code{nil}, then the string which is returned includes whatever text
properties were present in the minibuffer.  Otherwise all the text
properties are stripped when the value is returned.

If the argument @var{inherit-input-method} is non-@code{nil}, then the
minibuffer inherits the current input method (@pxref{Input Methods}) and
the setting of @code{enable-multibyte-characters} (@pxref{Text
Representations}) from whichever buffer was current before entering the
minibuffer.

Use of @var{initial-contents} is mostly deprecated; we recommend using
a non-@code{nil} value only in conjunction with specifying a cons cell
for @var{hist}.  @xref{Initial Input}.
@end defun

@defun read-string prompt &optional initial history default inherit-input-method
This function reads a string from the minibuffer and returns it.  The
arguments @var{prompt}, @var{initial}, @var{history} and
@var{inherit-input-method} are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}.
The keymap used is @code{minibuffer-local-map}.

The optional argument @var{default} is used as in
@code{read-from-minibuffer}, except that, if non-@code{nil}, it also
specifies a default value to return if the user enters null input.  As
in @code{read-from-minibuffer} it should be a string, a list of
strings, or @code{nil} which is equivalent to an empty string.  When
@var{default} is a string, that string is the default value.  When it
is a list of strings, the first string is the default value.  (All
these strings are available to the user in the ``future minibuffer
history.'')

This function works by calling the
@code{read-from-minibuffer} function:

@smallexample
@group
(read-string @var{prompt} @var{initial} @var{history} @var{default} @var{inherit})
@equiv{}
(let ((value
       (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} nil nil
                             @var{history} @var{default} @var{inherit})))
  (if (and (equal value "") @var{default})
      (if (consp @var{default}) (car @var{default}) @var{default})
    value))
@end group
@end smallexample
@end defun

@defun read-regexp prompt &optional default-value
This function reads a regular expression as a string from the
minibuffer and returns it.  The argument @var{prompt} is used as in
@code{read-from-minibuffer}.  The keymap used is
@code{minibuffer-local-map}, and @code{regexp-history} is used as the
history list (@pxref{Minibuffer History, regexp-history}).

The optional argument @var{default-value} specifies a default value to
return if the user enters null input; it should be a string, or
@code{nil} which is equivalent to an empty string.

In addition, @code{read-regexp} collects a few useful candidates for
input and passes them to @code{read-from-minibuffer}, to make them
available to the user as the ``future minibuffer history list''
(@pxref{Minibuffer History, future list,, emacs, The GNU Emacs
Manual}).  These candidates are:

@itemize @minus
@item
The word or symbol at point.
@item
The last regexp used in an incremental search.
@item
The last string used in an incremental search.
@item
The last string or pattern used in query-replace commands.
@end itemize

This function works by calling the @code{read-from-minibuffer}
function, after computing the list of defaults as described above.
@end defun

@defvar minibuffer-allow-text-properties
If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{read-from-minibuffer} strips
all text properties from the minibuffer input before returning it.
This variable also affects @code{read-string}.  However,
@code{read-no-blanks-input} (see below), as well as
@code{read-minibuffer} and related functions (@pxref{Object from
Minibuffer,, Reading Lisp Objects With the Minibuffer}), and all
functions that do minibuffer input with completion, discard text
properties unconditionally, regardless of the value of this variable.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-local-map
This
@anchor{Definition of minibuffer-local-map}
@c avoid page break at anchor; work around Texinfo deficiency
is the default local keymap for reading from the minibuffer.  By
default, it makes the following bindings:

@table @asis
@item @kbd{C-j}
@code{exit-minibuffer}

@item @key{RET}
@code{exit-minibuffer}

@item @kbd{C-g}
@code{abort-recursive-edit}

@item @kbd{M-n}
@itemx @key{DOWN}
@code{next-history-element}

@item @kbd{M-p}
@itemx @key{UP}
@code{previous-history-element}

@item @kbd{M-s}
@code{next-matching-history-element}

@item @kbd{M-r}
@code{previous-matching-history-element}
@end table
@end defvar

@c In version 18, initial is required
@c Emacs 19 feature
@defun read-no-blanks-input prompt &optional initial inherit-input-method
This function reads a string from the minibuffer, but does not allow
whitespace characters as part of the input: instead, those characters
terminate the input.  The arguments @var{prompt}, @var{initial}, and
@var{inherit-input-method} are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}.

This is a simplified interface to the @code{read-from-minibuffer}
function, and passes the value of the @code{minibuffer-local-ns-map}
keymap as the @var{keymap} argument for that function.  Since the keymap
@code{minibuffer-local-ns-map} does not rebind @kbd{C-q}, it @emph{is}
possible to put a space into the string, by quoting it.

This function discards text properties, regardless of the value of
@code{minibuffer-allow-text-properties}.

@smallexample
@group
(read-no-blanks-input @var{prompt} @var{initial})
@equiv{}
(let (minibuffer-allow-text-properties)
  (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} minibuffer-local-ns-map))
@end group
@end smallexample
@end defun

@defvar minibuffer-local-ns-map
This built-in variable is the keymap used as the minibuffer local keymap
in the function @code{read-no-blanks-input}.  By default, it makes the
following bindings, in addition to those of @code{minibuffer-local-map}:

@table @asis
@item @key{SPC}
@cindex @key{SPC} in minibuffer
@code{exit-minibuffer}

@item @key{TAB}
@cindex @key{TAB} in minibuffer
@code{exit-minibuffer}

@item @kbd{?}
@cindex @kbd{?} in minibuffer
@code{self-insert-and-exit}
@end table
@end defvar

@node Object from Minibuffer
@section Reading Lisp Objects with the Minibuffer

  This section describes functions for reading Lisp objects with the
minibuffer.

@defun read-minibuffer prompt &optional initial
This function reads a Lisp object using the minibuffer, and returns it
without evaluating it.  The arguments @var{prompt} and @var{initial} are
used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}.

This is a simplified interface to the
@code{read-from-minibuffer} function:

@smallexample
@group
(read-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial})
@equiv{}
(let (minibuffer-allow-text-properties)
  (read-from-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial} nil t))
@end group
@end smallexample

Here is an example in which we supply the string @code{"(testing)"} as
initial input:

@smallexample
@group
(read-minibuffer
 "Enter an expression: " (format "%s" '(testing)))

;; @r{Here is how the minibuffer is displayed:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
Enter an expression: (testing)@point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
The user can type @key{RET} immediately to use the initial input as a
default, or can edit the input.
@end defun

@defun eval-minibuffer prompt &optional initial
This function reads a Lisp expression using the minibuffer, evaluates
it, then returns the result.  The arguments @var{prompt} and
@var{initial} are used as in @code{read-from-minibuffer}.

This function simply evaluates the result of a call to
@code{read-minibuffer}:

@smallexample
@group
(eval-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial})
@equiv{}
(eval (read-minibuffer @var{prompt} @var{initial}))
@end group
@end smallexample
@end defun

@defun edit-and-eval-command prompt form
This function reads a Lisp expression in the minibuffer, and then
evaluates it.  The difference between this command and
@code{eval-minibuffer} is that here the initial @var{form} is not
optional and it is treated as a Lisp object to be converted to printed
representation rather than as a string of text.  It is printed with
@code{prin1}, so if it is a string, double-quote characters (@samp{"})
appear in the initial text.  @xref{Output Functions}.

The first thing @code{edit-and-eval-command} does is to activate the
minibuffer with @var{prompt} as the prompt.  Then it inserts the printed
representation of @var{form} in the minibuffer, and lets the user edit it.
When the user exits the minibuffer, the edited text is read with
@code{read} and then evaluated.  The resulting value becomes the value
of @code{edit-and-eval-command}.

In the following example, we offer the user an expression with initial
text which is a valid form already:

@smallexample
@group
(edit-and-eval-command "Please edit: " '(forward-word 1))

;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
Please edit: (forward-word 1)@point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
Typing @key{RET} right away would exit the minibuffer and evaluate the
expression, thus moving point forward one word.
@code{edit-and-eval-command} returns @code{nil} in this example.
@end defun

@node Minibuffer History
@section Minibuffer History
@cindex minibuffer history
@cindex history list

  A @dfn{minibuffer history list} records previous minibuffer inputs so
the user can reuse them conveniently.  A history list is actually a
symbol, not a list; it is a variable whose value is a list of strings
(previous inputs), most recent first.

  There are many separate history lists, used for different kinds of
inputs.  It's the Lisp programmer's job to specify the right history
list for each use of the minibuffer.

  You specify the history list with the optional @var{hist} argument
to either @code{read-from-minibuffer} or @code{completing-read}.  Here
are the possible values for it:

@table @asis
@item @var{variable}
Use @var{variable} (a symbol) as the history list.

@item (@var{variable} . @var{startpos})
Use @var{variable} (a symbol) as the history list, and assume that the
initial history position is @var{startpos} (a nonnegative integer).

Specifying 0 for @var{startpos} is equivalent to just specifying the
symbol @var{variable}.  @code{previous-history-element} will display
the most recent element of the history list in the minibuffer.  If you
specify a positive @var{startpos}, the minibuffer history functions
behave as if @code{(elt @var{variable} (1- @var{STARTPOS}))} were the
history element currently shown in the minibuffer.

For consistency, you should also specify that element of the history
as the initial minibuffer contents, using the @var{initial} argument
to the minibuffer input function (@pxref{Initial Input}).
@end table

  If you don't specify @var{hist}, then the default history list
@code{minibuffer-history} is used.  For other standard history lists,
see below.  You can also create your own history list variable; just
initialize it to @code{nil} before the first use.

  Both @code{read-from-minibuffer} and @code{completing-read} add new
elements to the history list automatically, and provide commands to
allow the user to reuse items on the list.  The only thing your program
needs to do to use a history list is to initialize it and to pass its
name to the input functions when you wish.  But it is safe to modify the
list by hand when the minibuffer input functions are not using it.

  Emacs functions that add a new element to a history list can also
delete old elements if the list gets too long.  The variable
@code{history-length} specifies the maximum length for most history
lists.  To specify a different maximum length for a particular history
list, put the length in the @code{history-length} property of the
history list symbol.  The variable @code{history-delete-duplicates}
specifies whether to delete duplicates in history.

@defun add-to-history history-var newelt &optional maxelt keep-all
This function adds a new element @var{newelt}, if it isn't the empty
string, to the history list stored in the variable @var{history-var},
and returns the updated history list.  It limits the list length to
the value of @var{maxelt} (if non-@code{nil}) or @code{history-length}
(described below).  The possible values of @var{maxelt} have the same
meaning as the values of @code{history-length}.

Normally, @code{add-to-history} removes duplicate members from the
history list if @code{history-delete-duplicates} is non-@code{nil}.
However, if @var{keep-all} is non-@code{nil}, that says not to remove
duplicates, and to add @var{newelt} to the list even if it is empty.
@end defun

@defvar history-add-new-input
If the value of this variable is @code{nil}, standard functions that
read from the minibuffer don't add new elements to the history list.
This lets Lisp programs explicitly manage input history by using
@code{add-to-history}.  By default, @code{history-add-new-input} is
set to a non-@code{nil} value.
@end defvar

@defopt history-length
The value of this variable specifies the maximum length for all
history lists that don't specify their own maximum lengths.  If the
value is @code{t}, that means there no maximum (don't delete old
elements).  The value of @code{history-length} property of the history
list variable's symbol, if set, overrides this variable for that
particular history list.
@end defopt

@defopt history-delete-duplicates
If the value of this variable is @code{t}, that means when adding a
new history element, all previous identical elements are deleted.
@end defopt

  Here are some of the standard minibuffer history list variables:

@defvar minibuffer-history
The default history list for minibuffer history input.
@end defvar

@defvar query-replace-history
A history list for arguments to @code{query-replace} (and similar
arguments to other commands).
@end defvar

@defvar file-name-history
A history list for file-name arguments.
@end defvar

@defvar buffer-name-history
A history list for buffer-name arguments.
@end defvar

@defvar regexp-history
A history list for regular expression arguments.
@end defvar

@defvar extended-command-history
A history list for arguments that are names of extended commands.
@end defvar

@defvar shell-command-history
A history list for arguments that are shell commands.
@end defvar

@defvar read-expression-history
A history list for arguments that are Lisp expressions to evaluate.
@end defvar

@node Initial Input
@section Initial Input

Several of the functions for minibuffer input have an argument called
@var{initial} or @var{initial-contents}.  This is a mostly-deprecated
feature for specifying that the minibuffer should start out with
certain text, instead of empty as usual.

If @var{initial} is a string, the minibuffer starts out containing the
text of the string, with point at the end, when the user starts to
edit the text.  If the user simply types @key{RET} to exit the
minibuffer, it will use the initial input string to determine the
value to return.

@strong{We discourage use of a non-@code{nil} value for
@var{initial}}, because initial input is an intrusive interface.
History lists and default values provide a much more convenient method
to offer useful default inputs to the user.

There is just one situation where you should specify a string for an
@var{initial} argument.  This is when you specify a cons cell for the
@var{hist} or @var{history} argument.  @xref{Minibuffer History}.

@var{initial} can also be a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{string}
. @var{position})}.  This means to insert @var{string} in the
minibuffer but put point at @var{position} within the string's text.

As a historical accident, @var{position} was implemented
inconsistently in different functions.  In @code{completing-read},
@var{position}'s value is interpreted as origin-zero; that is, a value
of 0 means the beginning of the string, 1 means after the first
character, etc.  In @code{read-minibuffer}, and the other
non-completion minibuffer input functions that support this argument,
1 means the beginning of the string 2 means after the first character,
etc.

Use of a cons cell as the value for @var{initial} arguments is
deprecated in user code.

@node Completion
@section Completion
@cindex completion

  @dfn{Completion} is a feature that fills in the rest of a name
starting from an abbreviation for it.  Completion works by comparing the
user's input against a list of valid names and determining how much of
the name is determined uniquely by what the user has typed.  For
example, when you type @kbd{C-x b} (@code{switch-to-buffer}) and then
type the first few letters of the name of the buffer to which you wish
to switch, and then type @key{TAB} (@code{minibuffer-complete}), Emacs
extends the name as far as it can.

  Standard Emacs commands offer completion for names of symbols, files,
buffers, and processes; with the functions in this section, you can
implement completion for other kinds of names.

  The @code{try-completion} function is the basic primitive for
completion: it returns the longest determined completion of a given
initial string, with a given set of strings to match against.

  The function @code{completing-read} provides a higher-level interface
for completion.  A call to @code{completing-read} specifies how to
determine the list of valid names.  The function then activates the
minibuffer with a local keymap that binds a few keys to commands useful
for completion.  Other functions provide convenient simple interfaces
for reading certain kinds of names with completion.

@menu
* Basic Completion::       Low-level functions for completing strings.
                             (These are too low level to use the minibuffer.)
* Minibuffer Completion::  Invoking the minibuffer with completion.
* Completion Commands::    Minibuffer commands that do completion.
* High-Level Completion::  Convenient special cases of completion
                             (reading buffer name, file name, etc.).
* Reading File Names::     Using completion to read file names and
                             shell commands.
* Completion Styles::      Specifying rules for performing completion.
* Programmed Completion::  Writing your own completion-function.
@end menu

@node Basic Completion
@subsection Basic Completion Functions

  The completion functions @code{try-completion},
@code{all-completions} and @code{test-completion} have nothing in
themselves to do with minibuffers.  We describe them in this chapter
so as to keep them near the higher-level completion features that do
use the minibuffer.

  If you store a completion alist in a variable, you should mark the
variable as ``risky'' with a non-@code{nil}
@code{risky-local-variable} property.

@defun try-completion string collection &optional predicate
This function returns the longest common substring of all possible
completions of @var{string} in @var{collection}.  The value of
@var{collection} must be a list of strings or symbols, an alist, an
obarray, a hash table, or a function that implements a virtual set of
strings (see below).

Completion compares @var{string} against each of the permissible
completions specified by @var{collection}; if the beginning of the
permissible completion equals @var{string}, it matches.  If no permissible
completions match, @code{try-completion} returns @code{nil}.  If only
one permissible completion matches, and the match is exact, then
@code{try-completion} returns @code{t}.  Otherwise, the value is the
longest initial sequence common to all the permissible completions that
match.

If @var{collection} is an alist (@pxref{Association Lists}), the
permissible completions are the elements of the alist that are either
strings, symbols, or conses whose @sc{car} is a string or symbol.
Symbols are converted to strings using @code{symbol-name}.  Other
elements of the alist are ignored. (Remember that in Emacs Lisp, the
elements of alists do not @emph{have} to be conses.)  In particular, a
list of strings or symbols is allowed, even though we usually do not
think of such lists as alists.

@cindex obarray in completion
If @var{collection} is an obarray (@pxref{Creating Symbols}), the names
of all symbols in the obarray form the set of permissible completions.  The
global variable @code{obarray} holds an obarray containing the names of
all interned Lisp symbols.

Note that the only valid way to make a new obarray is to create it
empty and then add symbols to it one by one using @code{intern}.
Also, you cannot intern a given symbol in more than one obarray.

If @var{collection} is a hash table, then the keys that are strings
are the possible completions.  Other keys are ignored.

You can also use a symbol that is a function as @var{collection}.  Then
the function is solely responsible for performing completion;
@code{try-completion} returns whatever this function returns.  The
function is called with three arguments: @var{string}, @var{predicate}
and @code{nil}.  (The reason for the third argument is so that the same
function can be used in @code{all-completions} and do the appropriate
thing in either case.)  @xref{Programmed Completion}.

If the argument @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, then it must be a
function of one argument, unless @var{collection} is a hash table, in
which case it should be a function of two arguments.  It is used to
test each possible match, and the match is accepted only if
@var{predicate} returns non-@code{nil}.  The argument given to
@var{predicate} is either a string or a cons cell (the @sc{car} of
which is a string) from the alist, or a symbol (@emph{not} a symbol
name) from the obarray.  If @var{collection} is a hash table,
@var{predicate} is called with two arguments, the string key and the
associated value.

In addition, to be acceptable, a completion must also match all the
regular expressions in @code{completion-regexp-list}.  (Unless
@var{collection} is a function, in which case that function has to
handle @code{completion-regexp-list} itself.)

In the first of the following examples, the string @samp{foo} is
matched by three of the alist @sc{car}s.  All of the matches begin with
the characters @samp{fooba}, so that is the result.  In the second
example, there is only one possible match, and it is exact, so the value
is @code{t}.

@smallexample
@group
(try-completion
 "foo"
 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4)))
     @result{} "fooba"
@end group

@group
(try-completion "foo" '(("barfoo" 2) ("foo" 3)))
     @result{} t
@end group
@end smallexample

In the following example, numerous symbols begin with the characters
@samp{forw}, and all of them begin with the word @samp{forward}.  In
most of the symbols, this is followed with a @samp{-}, but not in all,
so no more than @samp{forward} can be completed.

@smallexample
@group
(try-completion "forw" obarray)
     @result{} "forward"
@end group
@end smallexample

Finally, in the following example, only two of the three possible
matches pass the predicate @code{test} (the string @samp{foobaz} is
too short).  Both of those begin with the string @samp{foobar}.

@smallexample
@group
(defun test (s)
  (> (length (car s)) 6))
     @result{} test
@end group
@group
(try-completion
 "foo"
 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4))
 'test)
     @result{} "foobar"
@end group
@end smallexample
@end defun

@defun all-completions string collection &optional predicate nospace
This function returns a list of all possible completions of
@var{string}.  The arguments to this function (aside from
@var{nospace}) are the same as those of @code{try-completion}.  Also,
this function uses @code{completion-regexp-list} in the same way that
@code{try-completion} does.

The optional argument @var{nospace} is obsolete.  If it is
non-@code{nil}, completions that start with a space are ignored unless
@var{string} starts with a space.

If @var{collection} is a function, it is called with three arguments:
@var{string}, @var{predicate} and @code{t}; then @code{all-completions}
returns whatever the function returns.  @xref{Programmed Completion}.

Here is an example, using the function @code{test} shown in the
example for @code{try-completion}:

@smallexample
@group
(defun test (s)
  (> (length (car s)) 6))
     @result{} test
@end group

@group
(all-completions
 "foo"
 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4))
 'test)
     @result{} ("foobar1" "foobar2")
@end group
@end smallexample
@end defun

@defun test-completion string collection &optional predicate
@anchor{Definition of test-completion}
This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{string} is a valid
completion possibility specified by @var{collection} and
@var{predicate}.  The arguments are the same as in
@code{try-completion}.  For instance, if @var{collection} is a list of
strings, this is true if @var{string} appears in the list and
@var{predicate} is satisfied.

This function uses @code{completion-regexp-list} in the same
way that @code{try-completion} does.

If @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil} and if @var{collection} contains
several strings that are equal to each other, as determined by
@code{compare-strings} according to @code{completion-ignore-case},
then @var{predicate} should accept either all or none of them.
Otherwise, the return value of @code{test-completion} is essentially
unpredictable.

If @var{collection} is a function, it is called with three arguments,
the values @var{string}, @var{predicate} and @code{lambda}; whatever
it returns, @code{test-completion} returns in turn.
@end defun

@defvar completion-ignore-case
If the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs does not
consider case significant in completion.  Note, however, that this
variable is overridden by @code{read-file-name-completion-ignore-case}
within @code{read-file-name} (@pxref{Reading File Names}), and by
@code{read-buffer-completion-ignore-case} within @code{read-buffer}
(@pxref{High-Level Completion}).
@end defvar

@defvar completion-regexp-list
This is a list of regular expressions.  The completion functions only
consider a completion acceptable if it matches all regular expressions
in this list, with @code{case-fold-search} (@pxref{Searching and Case})
bound to the value of @code{completion-ignore-case}.
@end defvar

@defmac lazy-completion-table var fun
This macro provides a way to initialize the variable @var{var} as a
collection for completion in a lazy way, not computing its actual
contents until they are first needed.  You use this macro to produce a
value that you store in @var{var}.  The actual computation of the
proper value is done the first time you do completion using @var{var}.
It is done by calling @var{fun} with no arguments.  The
value @var{fun} returns becomes the permanent value of @var{var}.

Here is an example of use:

@smallexample
(defvar foo (lazy-completion-table foo make-my-alist))
@end smallexample
@end defmac

@node Minibuffer Completion
@subsection Completion and the Minibuffer
@cindex minibuffer completion
@cindex reading from minibuffer with completion

  This section describes the basic interface for reading from the
minibuffer with completion.

@defun completing-read prompt collection &optional predicate require-match initial hist default inherit-input-method
This function reads a string in the minibuffer, assisting the user by
providing completion.  It activates the minibuffer with prompt
@var{prompt}, which must be a string.

The actual completion is done by passing @var{collection} and
@var{predicate} to the function @code{try-completion}.  This happens
in certain commands bound in the local keymaps used for completion.
Some of these commands also call @code{test-completion}.  Thus, if
@var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, it should be compatible with
@var{collection} and @code{completion-ignore-case}.  @xref{Definition
of test-completion}.

The value of the optional argument @var{require-match} determines how
the user may exit the minibuffer:

@itemize @bullet
@item
If @code{nil}, the usual minibuffer exit commands work regardless of
the input in the minibuffer.

@item
If @code{t}, the usual minibuffer exit commands won't exit unless the
input completes to an element of @var{collection}.

@item
If @code{confirm}, the user can exit with any input, but is asked for
confirmation if the input is not an element of @var{collection}.

@item
If @code{confirm-after-completion}, the user can exit with any input,
but is asked for confirmation if the preceding command was a
completion command (i.e., one of the commands in
@code{minibuffer-confirm-exit-commands}) and the resulting input is
not an element of @var{collection}.  @xref{Completion Commands}.

@item
Any other value of @var{require-match} behaves like @code{t}, except
that the exit commands won't exit if it performs completion.
@end itemize

However, empty input is always permitted, regardless of the value of
@var{require-match}; in that case, @code{completing-read} returns the
first element of @var{default}, if it is a list; @code{""}, if
@var{default} is @code{nil}; or @var{default}.  The string or strings
in @var{default} are also available to the user through the history
commands.

The function @code{completing-read} uses
@code{minibuffer-local-completion-map} as the keymap if
@var{require-match} is @code{nil}, and uses
@code{minibuffer-local-must-match-map} if @var{require-match} is
non-@code{nil}.  @xref{Completion Commands}.

The argument @var{hist} specifies which history list variable to use for
saving the input and for minibuffer history commands.  It defaults to
@code{minibuffer-history}.  @xref{Minibuffer History}.

The argument @var{initial} is mostly deprecated; we recommend using a
non-@code{nil} value only in conjunction with specifying a cons cell
for @var{hist}.  @xref{Initial Input}.  For default input, use
@var{default} instead.

If the argument @var{inherit-input-method} is non-@code{nil}, then the
minibuffer inherits the current input method (@pxref{Input
Methods}) and the setting of @code{enable-multibyte-characters}
(@pxref{Text Representations}) from whichever buffer was current before
entering the minibuffer.

If the built-in variable @code{completion-ignore-case} is
non-@code{nil}, completion ignores case when comparing the input
against the possible matches.  @xref{Basic Completion}.  In this mode
of operation, @var{predicate} must also ignore case, or you will get
surprising results.

Here's an example of using @code{completing-read}:

@smallexample
@group
(completing-read
 "Complete a foo: "
 '(("foobar1" 1) ("barfoo" 2) ("foobaz" 3) ("foobar2" 4))
 nil t "fo")
@end group

@group
;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:}

---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
Complete a foo: fo@point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
If the user then types @kbd{@key{DEL} @key{DEL} b @key{RET}},
@code{completing-read} returns @code{barfoo}.

The @code{completing-read} function binds variables to pass
information to the commands that actually do completion.
They are described in the following section.
@end defun

@node Completion Commands
@subsection Minibuffer Commands that Do Completion

  This section describes the keymaps, commands and user options used
in the minibuffer to do completion.

@defvar minibuffer-completion-table
The value of this variable is the collection used for completion in
the minibuffer.  This is the global variable that contains what
@code{completing-read} passes to @code{try-completion}.  It is used by
minibuffer completion commands such as @code{minibuffer-complete-word}.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-completion-predicate
This variable's value is the predicate that @code{completing-read}
passes to @code{try-completion}.  The variable is also used by the other
minibuffer completion functions.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-completion-confirm
This variable determines whether Emacs asks for confirmation before
exiting the minibuffer; @code{completing-read} binds this variable,
and the function @code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit} checks the value
before exiting.  If the value is @code{nil}, confirmation is not
required.  If the value is @code{confirm}, the user may exit with an
input that is not a valid completion alternative, but Emacs asks for
confirmation.  If the value is @code{confirm-after-completion}, the
user may exit with an input that is not a valid completion
alternative, but Emacs asks for confirmation if the user submitted the
input right after any of the completion commands in
@code{minibuffer-confirm-exit-commands}.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-confirm-exit-commands
This variable holds a list of commands that cause Emacs to ask for
confirmation before exiting the minibuffer, if the @var{require-match}
argument to @code{completing-read} is @code{confirm-after-completion}.
The confirmation is requested if the user attempts to exit the
minibuffer immediately after calling any command in this list.
@end defvar

@deffn Command minibuffer-complete-word
This function completes the minibuffer contents by at most a single
word.  Even if the minibuffer contents have only one completion,
@code{minibuffer-complete-word} does not add any characters beyond the
first character that is not a word constituent.  @xref{Syntax Tables}.
@end deffn

@deffn Command minibuffer-complete
This function completes the minibuffer contents as far as possible.
@end deffn

@deffn Command minibuffer-complete-and-exit
This function completes the minibuffer contents, and exits if
confirmation is not required, i.e., if
@code{minibuffer-completion-confirm} is @code{nil}.  If confirmation
@emph{is} required, it is given by repeating this command
immediately---the command is programmed to work without confirmation
when run twice in succession.
@end deffn

@deffn Command minibuffer-completion-help
This function creates a list of the possible completions of the
current minibuffer contents.  It works by calling @code{all-completions}
using the value of the variable @code{minibuffer-completion-table} as
the @var{collection} argument, and the value of
@code{minibuffer-completion-predicate} as the @var{predicate} argument.
The list of completions is displayed as text in a buffer named
@samp{*Completions*}.
@end deffn

@defun display-completion-list completions &optional common-substring
This function displays @var{completions} to the stream in
@code{standard-output}, usually a buffer.  (@xref{Read and Print}, for more
information about streams.)  The argument @var{completions} is normally
a list of completions just returned by @code{all-completions}, but it
does not have to be.  Each element may be a symbol or a string, either
of which is simply printed.  It can also be a list of two strings,
which is printed as if the strings were concatenated.  The first of
the two strings is the actual completion, the second string serves as
annotation.

The argument @var{common-substring} is the prefix that is common to
all the completions.  With normal Emacs completion, it is usually the
same as the string that was completed.  @code{display-completion-list}
uses this to highlight text in the completion list for better visual
feedback.  This is not needed in the minibuffer; for minibuffer
completion, you can pass @code{nil}.

This function is called by @code{minibuffer-completion-help}.  The
most common way to use it is together with
@code{with-output-to-temp-buffer}, like this:

@example
(with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Completions*"
  (display-completion-list
    (all-completions (buffer-string) my-alist)
    (buffer-string)))
@end example
@end defun

@defopt completion-auto-help
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the completion commands
automatically display a list of possible completions whenever nothing
can be completed because the next character is not uniquely determined.
@end defopt

@defvar minibuffer-local-completion-map
@code{completing-read} uses this value as the local keymap when an
exact match of one of the completions is not required.  By default, this
keymap makes the following bindings:

@table @asis
@item @kbd{?}
@code{minibuffer-completion-help}

@item @key{SPC}
@code{minibuffer-complete-word}

@item @key{TAB}
@code{minibuffer-complete}
@end table

@noindent
with other characters bound as in @code{minibuffer-local-map}
(@pxref{Definition of minibuffer-local-map}).
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-local-must-match-map
@code{completing-read} uses this value as the local keymap when an
exact match of one of the completions is required.  Therefore, no keys
are bound to @code{exit-minibuffer}, the command that exits the
minibuffer unconditionally.  By default, this keymap makes the following
bindings:

@table @asis
@item @kbd{?}
@code{minibuffer-completion-help}

@item @key{SPC}
@code{minibuffer-complete-word}

@item @key{TAB}
@code{minibuffer-complete}

@item @kbd{C-j}
@code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit}

@item @key{RET}
@code{minibuffer-complete-and-exit}
@end table

@noindent
with other characters bound as in @code{minibuffer-local-map}.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map
This is like @code{minibuffer-local-completion-map}
except that it does not bind @key{SPC}.  This keymap is used by the
function @code{read-file-name}.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-local-filename-must-match-map
This is like @code{minibuffer-local-must-match-map}
except that it does not bind @key{SPC}.  This keymap is used by the
function @code{read-file-name}.
@end defvar

@node High-Level Completion
@subsection High-Level Completion Functions

  This section describes the higher-level convenient functions for
reading certain sorts of names with completion.

  In most cases, you should not call these functions in the middle of a
Lisp function.  When possible, do all minibuffer input as part of
reading the arguments for a command, in the @code{interactive}
specification.  @xref{Defining Commands}.

@defun read-buffer prompt &optional default require-match
This function reads the name of a buffer and returns it as a string.
The argument @var{default} is the default name to use, the value to
return if the user exits with an empty minibuffer.  If non-@code{nil},
it should be a string, a list of strings, or a buffer.  If it is
a list, the default value is the first element of this list.  It is
mentioned in the prompt, but is not inserted in the minibuffer as
initial input.

The argument @var{prompt} should be a string ending with a colon and a
space.  If @var{default} is non-@code{nil}, the function inserts it in
@var{prompt} before the colon to follow the convention for reading from
the minibuffer with a default value (@pxref{Programming Tips}).

The optional argument @var{require-match} has the same meaning as in
@code{completing-read}.  @xref{Minibuffer Completion}.

In the following example, the user enters @samp{minibuffer.t}, and
then types @key{RET}.  The argument @var{require-match} is @code{t},
and the only buffer name starting with the given input is
@samp{minibuffer.texi}, so that name is the value.

@example
(read-buffer "Buffer name: " "foo" t)
@group
;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following prompt appears,}
;;   @r{with an empty minibuffer:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
Buffer name (default foo): @point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group

@group
;; @r{The user types @kbd{minibuffer.t @key{RET}}.}
     @result{} "minibuffer.texi"
@end group
@end example
@end defun

@defopt read-buffer-function
This variable specifies how to read buffer names.  For example, if you
set this variable to @code{iswitchb-read-buffer}, all Emacs commands
that call @code{read-buffer} to read a buffer name will actually use the
@code{iswitchb} package to read it.
@end defopt

@defopt read-buffer-completion-ignore-case
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{read-buffer} ignores case
when performing completion.
@end defopt

@defun read-command prompt &optional default
This function reads the name of a command and returns it as a Lisp
symbol.  The argument @var{prompt} is used as in
@code{read-from-minibuffer}.  Recall that a command is anything for
which @code{commandp} returns @code{t}, and a command name is a symbol
for which @code{commandp} returns @code{t}.  @xref{Interactive Call}.

The argument @var{default} specifies what to return if the user enters
null input.  It can be a symbol, a string or a list of strings.  If it
is a string, @code{read-command} interns it before returning it.
If it is a list, @code{read-command} returns the first element of this list.
If @var{default} is @code{nil}, that means no default has been
specified; then if the user enters null input, the return value is
@code{(intern "")}, that is, a symbol whose name is an empty string.

@example
(read-command "Command name? ")

@group
;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following prompt appears with an empty minibuffer:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
Command name?
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end example

@noindent
If the user types @kbd{forward-c @key{RET}}, then this function returns
@code{forward-char}.

The @code{read-command} function is a simplified interface to
@code{completing-read}.  It uses the variable @code{obarray} so as to
complete in the set of extant Lisp symbols, and it uses the
@code{commandp} predicate so as to accept only command names:

@cindex @code{commandp} example
@example
@group
(read-command @var{prompt})
@equiv{}
(intern (completing-read @var{prompt} obarray
                         'commandp t nil))
@end group
@end example
@end defun

@defun read-variable prompt &optional default
@anchor{Definition of read-variable}
This function reads the name of a user variable and returns it as a
symbol.

The argument @var{default} specifies the default value to return if
the user enters null input.  It can be a symbol, a string, or a list
of strings.  If it is a string, @code{read-variable} interns it to
make the default value.  If it is a list, @code{read-variable} interns
the first element.  If @var{default} is @code{nil}, that means no
default has been specified; then if the user enters null input, the
return value is @code{(intern "")}.

@example
@group
(read-variable "Variable name? ")

;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following prompt appears,}
;;   @r{with an empty minibuffer:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
Variable name? @point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end example

@noindent
If the user then types @kbd{fill-p @key{RET}}, @code{read-variable}
returns @code{fill-prefix}.

In general, @code{read-variable} is similar to @code{read-command},
but uses the predicate @code{user-variable-p} instead of
@code{commandp}:

@cindex @code{user-variable-p} example
@example
@group
(read-variable @var{prompt})
@equiv{}
(intern
 (completing-read @var{prompt} obarray
                  'user-variable-p t nil))
@end group
@end example
@end defun

@deffn Command read-color &optional prompt convert allow-empty display
This function reads a string that is a color specification, either the
color's name or an RGB hex value such as @code{#RRRGGGBBB}.  It
prompts with @var{prompt} (default: @code{"Color (name or #R+G+B+):"})
and provides completion for color names, but not for hex RGB values.
In addition to names of standard colors, completion candidates include
the foreground and background colors at point.

Valid RGB values are described in @ref{Color Names}.

The function's return value is the color name typed by the user in the
minibuffer.  However, when called interactively or if the optional
argument @var{convert} is non-@code{nil}, it converts the name into
the color's RGB value and returns that value as a string.  If an
invalid color name was specified, this function signals an error,
except that empty color names are allowed when @code{allow-empty} is
non-@code{nil} and the user enters null input.

Interactively, or when @var{display} is non-@code{nil}, the return
value is also displayed in the echo area.
@end deffn

  See also the functions @code{read-coding-system} and
@code{read-non-nil-coding-system}, in @ref{User-Chosen Coding Systems},
and @code{read-input-method-name}, in @ref{Input Methods}.

@node Reading File Names
@subsection Reading File Names
@cindex read file names
@cindex prompt for file name

  The high-level completion functions @code{read-file-name},
@code{read-directory-name}, and @code{read-shell-command} are designed
to read file names, directory names, and shell commands respectively.
They provide special features, including automatic insertion of the
default directory.

@defun read-file-name prompt &optional directory default require-match initial predicate
This function reads a file name, prompting with @var{prompt} and
providing completion.

As an exception, this function reads a file name using a graphical
file dialog instead of the minibuffer, if (i) it is invoked via a
mouse command, and (ii) the selected frame is on a graphical display
supporting such dialogs, and (iii) the variable @code{use-dialog-box}
is non-@code{nil} (@pxref{Dialog Boxes,, Dialog Boxes, emacs, The GNU
Emacs Manual}), and (iv) the @var{directory} argument, described
below, does not specify a remote file (@pxref{Remote Files,, Remote
Files, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).  The exact behavior when using a
graphical file dialog is platform-dependent.  Here, we simply document
the behavior when using the minibuffer.

The optional argument @var{require-match} has the same meaning as in
@code{completing-read}.  @xref{Minibuffer Completion}.

@code{read-file-name} uses
@code{minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map} as the keymap if
@var{require-match} is @code{nil}, and uses
@code{minibuffer-local-filename-must-match-map} if @var{require-match}
is non-@code{nil}.  @xref{Completion Commands}.

The argument @var{directory} specifies the directory to use for
completion of relative file names.  It should be an absolute directory
name.  If @code{insert-default-directory} is non-@code{nil},
@var{directory} is also inserted in the minibuffer as initial input.
It defaults to the current buffer's value of @code{default-directory}.

If you specify @var{initial}, that is an initial file name to insert
in the buffer (after @var{directory}, if that is inserted).  In this
case, point goes at the beginning of @var{initial}.  The default for
@var{initial} is @code{nil}---don't insert any file name.  To see what
@var{initial} does, try the command @kbd{C-x C-v}.  @strong{Please
note:} we recommend using @var{default} rather than @var{initial} in
most cases.

If @var{default} is non-@code{nil}, then the function returns
@var{default} if the user exits the minibuffer with the same non-empty
contents that @code{read-file-name} inserted initially.  The initial
minibuffer contents are always non-empty if
@code{insert-default-directory} is non-@code{nil}, as it is by
default.  @var{default} is not checked for validity, regardless of the
value of @var{require-match}.  However, if @var{require-match} is
non-@code{nil}, the initial minibuffer contents should be a valid file
(or directory) name.  Otherwise @code{read-file-name} attempts
completion if the user exits without any editing, and does not return
@var{default}.  @var{default} is also available through the history
commands.

If @var{default} is @code{nil}, @code{read-file-name} tries to find a
substitute default to use in its place, which it treats in exactly the
same way as if it had been specified explicitly.  If @var{default} is
@code{nil}, but @var{initial} is non-@code{nil}, then the default is
the absolute file name obtained from @var{directory} and
@var{initial}.  If both @var{default} and @var{initial} are @code{nil}
and the buffer is visiting a file, @code{read-file-name} uses the
absolute file name of that file as default.  If the buffer is not
visiting a file, then there is no default.  In that case, if the user
types @key{RET} without any editing, @code{read-file-name} simply
returns the pre-inserted contents of the minibuffer.

If the user types @key{RET} in an empty minibuffer, this function
returns an empty string, regardless of the value of
@var{require-match}.  This is, for instance, how the user can make the
current buffer visit no file using @code{M-x set-visited-file-name}.

If @var{predicate} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a function of one
argument that decides which file names are acceptable completion
possibilities.  A file name is an acceptable value if @var{predicate}
returns non-@code{nil} for it.

@code{read-file-name} does not automatically expand file names.  You
must call @code{expand-file-name} yourself if an absolute file name is
required.

Here is an example:

@example
@group
(read-file-name "The file is ")

;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following appears in the minibuffer:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
The file is /gp/gnu/elisp/@point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end example

@noindent
Typing @kbd{manual @key{TAB}} results in the following:

@example
@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
The file is /gp/gnu/elisp/manual.texi@point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end example

@c Wordy to avoid overfull hbox in smallbook mode.
@noindent
If the user types @key{RET}, @code{read-file-name} returns the file name
as the string @code{"/gp/gnu/elisp/manual.texi"}.
@end defun

@defvar read-file-name-function
If non-@code{nil}, this should be a function that accepts the same
arguments as @code{read-file-name}.  When @code{read-file-name} is
called, it calls this function with the supplied arguments instead of
doing its usual work.
@end defvar

@defopt read-file-name-completion-ignore-case
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{read-file-name} ignores case
when performing completion.
@end defopt

@defun read-directory-name prompt &optional directory default require-match initial
This function is like @code{read-file-name} but allows only directory
names as completion possibilities.

If @var{default} is @code{nil} and @var{initial} is non-@code{nil},
@code{read-directory-name} constructs a substitute default by
combining @var{directory} (or the current buffer's default directory
if @var{directory} is @code{nil}) and @var{initial}.  If both
@var{default} and @var{initial} are @code{nil}, this function uses
@var{directory} as substitute default, or the current buffer's default
directory if @var{directory} is @code{nil}.
@end defun

@defopt insert-default-directory
This variable is used by @code{read-file-name}, and thus, indirectly,
by most commands reading file names.  (This includes all commands that
use the code letters @samp{f} or @samp{F} in their interactive form.
@xref{Interactive Codes,, Code Characters for interactive}.)  Its
value controls whether @code{read-file-name} starts by placing the
name of the default directory in the minibuffer, plus the initial file
name if any.  If the value of this variable is @code{nil}, then
@code{read-file-name} does not place any initial input in the
minibuffer (unless you specify initial input with the @var{initial}
argument).  In that case, the default directory is still used for
completion of relative file names, but is not displayed.

If this variable is @code{nil} and the initial minibuffer contents are
empty, the user may have to explicitly fetch the next history element
to access a default value.  If the variable is non-@code{nil}, the
initial minibuffer contents are always non-empty and the user can
always request a default value by immediately typing @key{RET} in an
unedited minibuffer.  (See above.)

For example:

@example
@group
;; @r{Here the minibuffer starts out with the default directory.}
(let ((insert-default-directory t))
  (read-file-name "The file is "))
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
The file is ~lewis/manual/@point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group

@group
;; @r{Here the minibuffer is empty and only the prompt}
;;   @r{appears on its line.}
(let ((insert-default-directory nil))
  (read-file-name "The file is "))
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
The file is @point{}
---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end example
@end defopt

@defun read-shell-command prompt &optional initial-contents hist &rest args
This function reads a shell command from the minibuffer, prompting
with @var{prompt} and providing intelligent completion.  It completes
the first word of the command using candidates that are appropriate
for command names, and the rest of the command words as file names.

This function uses @code{minibuffer-local-shell-command-map} as the
keymap for minibuffer input.  The @var{hist} argument specifies the
history list to use; if is omitted or @code{nil}, it defaults to
@code{shell-command-history} (@pxref{Minibuffer History,
shell-command-history}).  The optional argument @var{initial-contents}
specifies the initial content of the minibuffer (@pxref{Initial
Input}).  The rest of @var{args}, if present, are used as the
@var{default} and @var{inherit-input-method} arguments in
@code{read-from-minibuffer} (@pxref{Text from Minibuffer}).
@end defun

@defvar minibuffer-local-shell-command-map
This keymap is used by @code{read-shell-command} for completing
command and file names that are part of a shell command.
@end defvar

@node Completion Styles
@subsection Completion Styles
@cindex completion styles

  A @dfn{completion style} is a set of rules for generating
completions.  The user option @code{completion-styles} stores a list
of completion styles, which are represented by symbols.

@defopt completion-styles
This is a list of completion style symbols to use for performing
completion.  Each completion style in this list must be defined in
@code{completion-styles-alist}.
@end defopt

@defvar completion-styles-alist
This variable stores a list of available completion styles.  Each
element in the list must have the form @samp{(@var{name}
@var{try-completion} @var{all-completions})}.  Here, @var{name} is the
name of the completion style (a symbol), which may be used in
@code{completion-styles-alist} to refer to this style.

@var{try-completion} is the function that does the completion, and
@var{all-completions} is the function that lists the completions.
These functions should accept four arguments: @var{string},
@var{collection}, @var{predicate}, and @var{point}.  The @var{string},
@var{collection}, and @var{predicate} arguments have the same meanings
as in @code{try-completion} (@pxref{Basic Completion}), and the
@var{point} argument is the position of point within @var{string}.
Each function should return a non-@code{nil} value if it performed its
job, and @code{nil} if it did not (e.g., if there is no way to
complete @var{string} according to the completion style).

When the user calls a completion command, such as
@code{minibuffer-complete} (@pxref{Completion Commands}), Emacs looks
for the first style listed in @code{completion-styles} and calls its
@var{try-completion} function.  If this function returns @code{nil},
Emacs moves to the next completion style listed in
@code{completion-styles} and calls its @var{try-completion} function,
and so on until one of the @var{try-completion} functions successfully
performs completion and returns a non-@code{nil} value.  A similar
procedure is used for listing completions, via the
@var{all-completions} functions.
@end defvar

  By default, @code{completion-styles-alist} contains five pre-defined
completion styles: @code{basic}, a basic completion style;
@code{partial-completion}, which does partial completion (completing
each word in the input separately); @code{emacs22}, which performs
completion according to the rules used in Emacs 22; @code{emacs21},
which performs completion according to the rules used in Emacs 21; and
@code{initials}, which completes acronyms and initialisms.

@node Programmed Completion
@subsection Programmed Completion
@cindex programmed completion

  Sometimes it is not possible to create an alist or an obarray
containing all the intended possible completions.  In such a case, you
can supply your own function to compute the completion of a given string.
This is called @dfn{programmed completion}.

  To use this feature, pass a symbol with a function definition as the
@var{collection} argument to @code{completing-read}.  The function
@code{completing-read} arranges to pass your completion function along
to @code{try-completion} and @code{all-completions}, which will then let
your function do all the work.

  The completion function should accept three arguments:

@itemize @bullet
@item
The string to be completed.

@item
The predicate function to filter possible matches, or @code{nil} if
none.  Your function should call the predicate for each possible match,
and ignore the possible match if the predicate returns @code{nil}.

@item
A flag specifying the type of operation.
@end itemize

  There are three flag values for three operations:

@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{nil} specifies @code{try-completion}.  The completion function
should return the completion of the specified string, or @code{t} if the
string is a unique and exact match already, or @code{nil} if the string
matches no possibility.

If the string is an exact match for one possibility, but also matches
other longer possibilities, the function should return the string, not
@code{t}.

@item
@code{t} specifies @code{all-completions}.  The completion function
should return a list of all possible completions of the specified
string.

@item
@code{lambda} specifies @code{test-completion}.  The completion
function should return @code{t} if the specified string is an exact
match for some possibility; @code{nil} otherwise.
@end itemize

  It would be consistent and clean for completion functions to allow
lambda expressions (lists that are functions) as well as function
symbols as @var{collection}, but this is impossible.  Lists as
completion tables already have other meanings, and it would be
unreliable to treat one differently just because it is also a possible
function.  So you must arrange for any function you wish to use for
completion to be encapsulated in a symbol.

  Emacs uses programmed completion when completing file names.
@xref{File Name Completion}.

@defun completion-table-dynamic function
This function is a convenient way to write a function that can act as
programmed completion function.  The argument @var{function} should be
a function that takes one argument, a string, and returns an alist of
possible completions of it.  You can think of
@code{completion-table-dynamic} as a transducer between that interface
and the interface for programmed completion functions.
@end defun

@node Yes-or-No Queries
@section Yes-or-No Queries
@cindex asking the user questions
@cindex querying the user
@cindex yes-or-no questions

  This section describes functions used to ask the user a yes-or-no
question.  The function @code{y-or-n-p} can be answered with a single
character; it is useful for questions where an inadvertent wrong answer
will not have serious consequences.  @code{yes-or-no-p} is suitable for
more momentous questions, since it requires three or four characters to
answer.

   If either of these functions is called in a command that was invoked
using the mouse---more precisely, if @code{last-nonmenu-event}
(@pxref{Command Loop Info}) is either @code{nil} or a list---then it
uses a dialog box or pop-up menu to ask the question.  Otherwise, it
uses keyboard input.  You can force use of the mouse or use of keyboard
input by binding @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable value around
the call.

  Strictly speaking, @code{yes-or-no-p} uses the minibuffer and
@code{y-or-n-p} does not; but it seems best to describe them together.

@defun y-or-n-p prompt
This function asks the user a question, expecting input in the echo
area.  It returns @code{t} if the user types @kbd{y}, @code{nil} if the
user types @kbd{n}.  This function also accepts @key{SPC} to mean yes
and @key{DEL} to mean no.  It accepts @kbd{C-]} to mean ``quit,'' like
@kbd{C-g}, because the question might look like a minibuffer and for
that reason the user might try to use @kbd{C-]} to get out.  The answer
is a single character, with no @key{RET} needed to terminate it.  Upper
and lower case are equivalent.

``Asking the question'' means printing @var{prompt} in the echo area,
followed by the string @w{@samp{(y or n) }}.  If the input is not one of
the expected answers (@kbd{y}, @kbd{n}, @kbd{@key{SPC}},
@kbd{@key{DEL}}, or something that quits), the function responds
@samp{Please answer y or n.}, and repeats the request.

This function does not actually use the minibuffer, since it does not
allow editing of the answer.  It actually uses the echo area (@pxref{The
Echo Area}), which uses the same screen space as the minibuffer.  The
cursor moves to the echo area while the question is being asked.

The answers and their meanings, even @samp{y} and @samp{n}, are not
hardwired.  The keymap @code{query-replace-map} specifies them.
@xref{Search and Replace}.

In the following example, the user first types @kbd{q}, which is
invalid.  At the next prompt the user types @kbd{y}.

@smallexample
@group
(y-or-n-p "Do you need a lift? ")

;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following prompt appears in the echo area:}
@end group

@group
---------- Echo area ----------
Do you need a lift? (y or n)
---------- Echo area ----------
@end group

;; @r{If the user then types @kbd{q}, the following appears:}

@group
---------- Echo area ----------
Please answer y or n.  Do you need a lift? (y or n)
---------- Echo area ----------
@end group

;; @r{When the user types a valid answer,}
;;   @r{it is displayed after the question:}

@group
---------- Echo area ----------
Do you need a lift? (y or n) y
---------- Echo area ----------
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
We show successive lines of echo area messages, but only one actually
appears on the screen at a time.
@end defun

@defun y-or-n-p-with-timeout prompt seconds default-value
Like @code{y-or-n-p}, except that if the user fails to answer within
@var{seconds} seconds, this function stops waiting and returns
@var{default-value}.  It works by setting up a timer; see @ref{Timers}.
The argument @var{seconds} may be an integer or a floating point number.
@end defun

@defun yes-or-no-p prompt
This function asks the user a question, expecting input in the
minibuffer.  It returns @code{t} if the user enters @samp{yes},
@code{nil} if the user types @samp{no}.  The user must type @key{RET} to
finalize the response.  Upper and lower case are equivalent.

@code{yes-or-no-p} starts by displaying @var{prompt} in the echo area,
followed by @w{@samp{(yes or no) }}.  The user must type one of the
expected responses; otherwise, the function responds @samp{Please answer
yes or no.}, waits about two seconds and repeats the request.

@code{yes-or-no-p} requires more work from the user than
@code{y-or-n-p} and is appropriate for more crucial decisions.

Here is an example:

@smallexample
@group
(yes-or-no-p "Do you really want to remove everything? ")

;; @r{After evaluation of the preceding expression,}
;;   @r{the following prompt appears,}
;;   @r{with an empty minibuffer:}
@end group

@group
---------- Buffer: minibuffer ----------
Do you really want to remove everything? (yes or no)
---------- Buffer: minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end smallexample

@noindent
If the user first types @kbd{y @key{RET}}, which is invalid because this
function demands the entire word @samp{yes}, it responds by displaying
these prompts, with a brief pause between them:

@smallexample
@group
---------- Buffer: minibuffer ----------
Please answer yes or no.
Do you really want to remove everything? (yes or no)
---------- Buffer: minibuffer ----------
@end group
@end smallexample
@end defun

@node Multiple Queries
@section Asking Multiple Y-or-N Questions

  When you have a series of similar questions to ask, such as ``Do you
want to save this buffer'' for each buffer in turn, you should use
@code{map-y-or-n-p} to ask the collection of questions, rather than
asking each question individually.  This gives the user certain
convenient facilities such as the ability to answer the whole series at
once.

@defun map-y-or-n-p prompter actor list &optional help action-alist no-cursor-in-echo-area
This function asks the user a series of questions, reading a
single-character answer in the echo area for each one.

The value of @var{list} specifies the objects to ask questions about.
It should be either a list of objects or a generator function.  If it is
a function, it should expect no arguments, and should return either the
next object to ask about, or @code{nil} meaning stop asking questions.

The argument @var{prompter} specifies how to ask each question.  If
@var{prompter} is a string, the question text is computed like this:

@example
(format @var{prompter} @var{object})
@end example

@noindent
where @var{object} is the next object to ask about (as obtained from
@var{list}).

If not a string, @var{prompter} should be a function of one argument
(the next object to ask about) and should return the question text.  If
the value is a string, that is the question to ask the user.  The
function can also return @code{t} meaning do act on this object (and
don't ask the user), or @code{nil} meaning ignore this object (and don't
ask the user).

The argument @var{actor} says how to act on the answers that the user
gives.  It should be a function of one argument, and it is called with
each object that the user says yes for.  Its argument is always an
object obtained from @var{list}.

If the argument @var{help} is given, it should be a list of this form:

@example
(@var{singular} @var{plural} @var{action})
@end example

@noindent
where @var{singular} is a string containing a singular noun that
describes the objects conceptually being acted on, @var{plural} is the
corresponding plural noun, and @var{action} is a transitive verb
describing what @var{actor} does.

If you don't specify @var{help}, the default is @code{("object"
"objects" "act on")}.

Each time a question is asked, the user may enter @kbd{y}, @kbd{Y}, or
@key{SPC} to act on that object; @kbd{n}, @kbd{N}, or @key{DEL} to skip
that object; @kbd{!} to act on all following objects; @key{ESC} or
@kbd{q} to exit (skip all following objects); @kbd{.} (period) to act on
the current object and then exit; or @kbd{C-h} to get help.  These are
the same answers that @code{query-replace} accepts.  The keymap
@code{query-replace-map} defines their meaning for @code{map-y-or-n-p}
as well as for @code{query-replace}; see @ref{Search and Replace}.

You can use @var{action-alist} to specify additional possible answers
and what they mean.  It is an alist of elements of the form
@code{(@var{char} @var{function} @var{help})}, each of which defines one
additional answer.  In this element, @var{char} is a character (the
answer); @var{function} is a function of one argument (an object from
@var{list}); @var{help} is a string.

When the user responds with @var{char}, @code{map-y-or-n-p} calls
@var{function}.  If it returns non-@code{nil}, the object is considered
``acted upon,'' and @code{map-y-or-n-p} advances to the next object in
@var{list}.  If it returns @code{nil}, the prompt is repeated for the
same object.

Normally, @code{map-y-or-n-p} binds @code{cursor-in-echo-area} while
prompting.  But if @var{no-cursor-in-echo-area} is non-@code{nil}, it
does not do that.

If @code{map-y-or-n-p} is called in a command that was invoked using the
mouse---more precisely, if @code{last-nonmenu-event} (@pxref{Command
Loop Info}) is either @code{nil} or a list---then it uses a dialog box
or pop-up menu to ask the question.  In this case, it does not use
keyboard input or the echo area.  You can force use of the mouse or use
of keyboard input by binding @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable
value around the call.

The return value of @code{map-y-or-n-p} is the number of objects acted on.
@end defun

@node Reading a Password
@section Reading a Password
@cindex passwords, reading

  To read a password to pass to another program, you can use the
function @code{read-passwd}.

@defun read-passwd prompt &optional confirm default
This function reads a password, prompting with @var{prompt}.  It does
not echo the password as the user types it; instead, it echoes @samp{.}
for each character in the password.

The optional argument @var{confirm}, if non-@code{nil}, says to read the
password twice and insist it must be the same both times.  If it isn't
the same, the user has to type it over and over until the last two
times match.

The optional argument @var{default} specifies the default password to
return if the user enters empty input.  If @var{default} is @code{nil},
then @code{read-passwd} returns the null string in that case.
@end defun

@node Minibuffer Commands
@section Minibuffer Commands

  This section describes some commands meant for use in the
minibuffer.

@deffn Command exit-minibuffer
This command exits the active minibuffer.  It is normally bound to
keys in minibuffer local keymaps.
@end deffn

@deffn Command self-insert-and-exit
This command exits the active minibuffer after inserting the last
character typed on the keyboard (found in @code{last-command-event};
@pxref{Command Loop Info}).
@end deffn

@deffn Command previous-history-element n
This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the
@var{n}th previous (older) history element.
@end deffn

@deffn Command next-history-element n
This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the
@var{n}th more recent history element.
@end deffn

@deffn Command previous-matching-history-element pattern n
This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the
@var{n}th previous (older) history element that matches @var{pattern} (a
regular expression).
@end deffn

@deffn Command next-matching-history-element pattern n
This command replaces the minibuffer contents with the value of the
@var{n}th next (newer) history element that matches @var{pattern} (a
regular expression).
@end deffn

@node Minibuffer Windows
@section Minibuffer Windows
@cindex minibuffer windows

  These functions access and select minibuffer windows
and test whether they are active.

@defun active-minibuffer-window
This function returns the currently active minibuffer window, or
@code{nil} if none is currently active.
@end defun

@defun minibuffer-window &optional frame
@anchor{Definition of minibuffer-window}
This function returns the minibuffer window used for frame @var{frame}.
If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, that stands for the current frame.  Note
that the minibuffer window used by a frame need not be part of that
frame---a frame that has no minibuffer of its own necessarily uses some
other frame's minibuffer window.
@end defun

@defun set-minibuffer-window window
This function specifies @var{window} as the minibuffer window to use.
This affects where the minibuffer is displayed if you put text in it
without invoking the usual minibuffer commands.  It has no effect on
the usual minibuffer input functions because they all start by
choosing the minibuffer window according to the current frame.
@end defun

@c Emacs 19 feature
@defun window-minibuffer-p &optional window
This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is a minibuffer
window.
@var{window} defaults to the selected window.
@end defun

It is not correct to determine whether a given window is a minibuffer by
comparing it with the result of @code{(minibuffer-window)}, because
there can be more than one minibuffer window if there is more than one
frame.

@defun minibuffer-window-active-p window
This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window}, assumed to be
a minibuffer window, is currently active.
@end defun

@node Minibuffer Contents
@section Minibuffer Contents

  These functions access the minibuffer prompt and contents.

@defun minibuffer-prompt
This function returns the prompt string of the currently active
minibuffer.  If no minibuffer is active, it returns @code{nil}.
@end defun

@defun minibuffer-prompt-end
This function returns the current
position of the end of the minibuffer prompt, if a minibuffer is
current.  Otherwise, it returns the minimum valid buffer position.
@end defun

@defun minibuffer-prompt-width
This function returns the current display-width of the minibuffer
prompt, if a minibuffer is current.  Otherwise, it returns zero.
@end defun

@defun minibuffer-contents
This function returns the editable
contents of the minibuffer (that is, everything except the prompt) as
a string, if a minibuffer is current.  Otherwise, it returns the
entire contents of the current buffer.
@end defun

@defun minibuffer-contents-no-properties
This is like @code{minibuffer-contents}, except that it does not copy text
properties, just the characters themselves.  @xref{Text Properties}.
@end defun

@defun minibuffer-completion-contents
This is like @code{minibuffer-contents}, except that it returns only
the contents before point.  That is the part that completion commands
operate on.  @xref{Minibuffer Completion}.
@end defun

@defun delete-minibuffer-contents
This function erases the editable contents of the minibuffer (that is,
everything except the prompt), if a minibuffer is current.  Otherwise,
it erases the entire current buffer.
@end defun

@node Recursive Mini
@section Recursive Minibuffers
@cindex recursive minibuffers

  These functions and variables deal with recursive minibuffers
(@pxref{Recursive Editing}):

@defun minibuffer-depth
This function returns the current depth of activations of the
minibuffer, a nonnegative integer.  If no minibuffers are active, it
returns zero.
@end defun

@defopt enable-recursive-minibuffers
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, you can invoke commands (such as
@code{find-file}) that use minibuffers even while the minibuffer window
is active.  Such invocation produces a recursive editing level for a new
minibuffer.  The outer-level minibuffer is invisible while you are
editing the inner one.

If this variable is @code{nil}, you cannot invoke minibuffer
commands when the minibuffer window is active, not even if you switch to
another window to do it.
@end defopt

@c Emacs 19 feature
If a command name has a property @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers}
that is non-@code{nil}, then the command can use the minibuffer to read
arguments even if it is invoked from the minibuffer.  A command can
also achieve this by binding @code{enable-recursive-minibuffers}
to @code{t} in the interactive declaration (@pxref{Using Interactive}).
The minibuffer command @code{next-matching-history-element} (normally
@kbd{M-s} in the minibuffer) does the latter.

@node Minibuffer Misc
@section Minibuffer Miscellany

@defun minibufferp &optional buffer-or-name
This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{buffer-or-name} is a
minibuffer.  If @var{buffer-or-name} is omitted, it tests the current
buffer.
@end defun

@defvar minibuffer-setup-hook
This is a normal hook that is run whenever the minibuffer is entered.
@xref{Hooks}.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-exit-hook
This is a normal hook that is run whenever the minibuffer is exited.
@xref{Hooks}.
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-help-form
@anchor{Definition of minibuffer-help-form}
The current value of this variable is used to rebind @code{help-form}
locally inside the minibuffer (@pxref{Help Functions}).
@end defvar

@defvar minibuffer-scroll-window
@anchor{Definition of minibuffer-scroll-window}
If the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a window
object.  When the function @code{scroll-other-window} is called in the
minibuffer, it scrolls this window.
@end defvar

@defun minibuffer-selected-window
This function returns the window which was selected when the
minibuffer was entered.  If selected window is not a minibuffer
window, it returns @code{nil}.
@end defun

@defopt max-mini-window-height
This variable specifies the maximum height for resizing minibuffer
windows.  If a float, it specifies a fraction of the height of the
frame.  If an integer, it specifies a number of lines.
@end defopt

@defun minibuffer-message string &rest args
This function displays @var{string} temporarily at the end of the
minibuffer text, for two seconds, or until the next input event
arrives, whichever comes first.  If @var{args} is non-@code{nil}, the
actual message is obtained by passing @var{string} and @var{args}
through @code{format}.  @xref{Formatting Strings}.
@end defun

@ignore
   arch-tag: bba7f945-9078-477f-a2ce-18818a6e1218
@end ignore