25829
|
1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
|
64890
|
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2003,
|
|
3 @c 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
25829
|
4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
|
|
5 @node Picture, Sending Mail, Abbrevs, Top
|
|
6 @chapter Editing Pictures
|
|
7 @cindex pictures
|
|
8 @cindex making pictures out of text characters
|
|
9 @findex edit-picture
|
|
10
|
|
11 To edit a picture made out of text characters (for example, a picture
|
|
12 of the division of a register into fields, as a comment in a program),
|
|
13 use the command @kbd{M-x edit-picture} to enter Picture mode.
|
|
14
|
|
15 In Picture mode, editing is based on the @dfn{quarter-plane} model of
|
|
16 text, according to which the text characters lie studded on an area that
|
|
17 stretches infinitely far to the right and downward. The concept of the end
|
|
18 of a line does not exist in this model; the most you can say is where the
|
|
19 last nonblank character on the line is found.
|
|
20
|
|
21 Of course, Emacs really always considers text as a sequence of
|
|
22 characters, and lines really do have ends. But Picture mode replaces
|
|
23 the most frequently-used commands with variants that simulate the
|
|
24 quarter-plane model of text. They do this by inserting spaces or by
|
|
25 converting tabs to spaces.
|
|
26
|
|
27 Most of the basic editing commands of Emacs are redefined by Picture mode
|
|
28 to do essentially the same thing but in a quarter-plane way. In addition,
|
|
29 Picture mode defines various keys starting with the @kbd{C-c} prefix to
|
|
30 run special picture editing commands.
|
|
31
|
|
32 One of these keys, @kbd{C-c C-c}, is pretty important. Often a
|
|
33 picture is part of a larger file that is usually edited in some other
|
|
34 major mode. @kbd{M-x edit-picture} records the name of the previous
|
|
35 major mode so you can use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command
|
|
36 (@code{picture-mode-exit}) later to go back to that mode. @kbd{C-c C-c}
|
|
37 also deletes spaces from the ends of lines, unless given a numeric
|
|
38 argument.
|
|
39
|
|
40 The special commands of Picture mode all work in other modes (provided
|
|
41 the @file{picture} library is loaded), but are not bound to keys except
|
|
42 in Picture mode. The descriptions below talk of moving ``one column''
|
|
43 and so on, but all the picture mode commands handle numeric arguments as
|
|
44 their normal equivalents do.
|
|
45
|
|
46 @vindex picture-mode-hook
|
|
47 Turning on Picture mode runs the hook @code{picture-mode-hook}
|
59797
|
48 (@pxref{Hooks}). Additional extensions to Picture mode can be found
|
|
49 in @file{artist.el}.
|
25829
|
50
|
|
51 @menu
|
|
52 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
|
|
53 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
|
|
54 after "self-inserting" characters.
|
|
55 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
|
|
56 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
|
|
57 @end menu
|
|
58
|
|
59 @node Basic Picture, Insert in Picture, Picture, Picture
|
|
60 @section Basic Editing in Picture Mode
|
|
61
|
|
62 @findex picture-forward-column
|
|
63 @findex picture-backward-column
|
|
64 @findex picture-move-down
|
|
65 @findex picture-move-up
|
|
66 @cindex editing in Picture mode
|
|
67
|
|
68 Most keys do the same thing in Picture mode that they usually do, but
|
|
69 do it in a quarter-plane style. For example, @kbd{C-f} is rebound to
|
|
70 run @code{picture-forward-column}, a command which moves point one
|
|
71 column to the right, inserting a space if necessary so that the actual
|
|
72 end of the line makes no difference. @kbd{C-b} is rebound to run
|
|
73 @code{picture-backward-column}, which always moves point left one
|
|
74 column, converting a tab to multiple spaces if necessary. @kbd{C-n} and
|
|
75 @kbd{C-p} are rebound to run @code{picture-move-down} and
|
|
76 @code{picture-move-up}, which can either insert spaces or convert tabs
|
|
77 as necessary to make sure that point stays in exactly the same column.
|
|
78 @kbd{C-e} runs @code{picture-end-of-line}, which moves to after the last
|
|
79 nonblank character on the line. There is no need to change @kbd{C-a},
|
|
80 as the choice of screen model does not affect beginnings of
|
|
81 lines.
|
|
82
|
|
83 @findex picture-newline
|
|
84 Insertion of text is adapted to the quarter-plane screen model through
|
|
85 the use of Overwrite mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). Self-inserting characters
|
|
86 replace existing text, column by column, rather than pushing existing text
|
|
87 to the right. @key{RET} runs @code{picture-newline}, which just moves to
|
|
88 the beginning of the following line so that new text will replace that
|
|
89 line.
|
|
90
|
|
91 @findex picture-backward-clear-column
|
|
92 @findex picture-clear-column
|
|
93 @findex picture-clear-line
|
60858
|
94 In Picture mode, the commands that normally delete or kill text,
|
|
95 instead erase text (replacing it with spaces). @key{DEL}
|
|
96 (@code{picture-backward-clear-column}) replaces the preceding
|
|
97 character with a space rather than removing it; this moves point
|
|
98 backwards. @kbd{C-d} (@code{picture-clear-column}) replaces the next
|
|
99 character or characters with spaces, but does not move point. (If you
|
|
100 want to clear characters to spaces and move forward over them, use
|
25829
|
101 @key{SPC}.) @kbd{C-k} (@code{picture-clear-line}) really kills the
|
60858
|
102 contents of lines, but does not delete the newlines from the buffer.
|
25829
|
103
|
|
104 @findex picture-open-line
|
|
105 To do actual insertion, you must use special commands. @kbd{C-o}
|
60858
|
106 (@code{picture-open-line}) creates a blank line after the current
|
|
107 line; it never splits a line. @kbd{C-M-o} (@code{split-line}) makes
|
|
108 sense in Picture mode, so it is not changed. @kbd{C-j}
|
|
109 (@code{picture-duplicate-line}) inserts another line with the same
|
|
110 contents below the current line.
|
25829
|
111
|
|
112 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
113 To do actual deletion in Picture mode, use @kbd{C-w}, @kbd{C-c C-d}
|
|
114 (which is defined as @code{delete-char}, as @kbd{C-d} is in other
|
|
115 modes), or one of the picture rectangle commands (@pxref{Rectangles in
|
|
116 Picture}).
|
|
117
|
|
118 @node Insert in Picture, Tabs in Picture, Basic Picture, Picture
|
|
119 @section Controlling Motion after Insert
|
|
120
|
|
121 @findex picture-movement-up
|
|
122 @findex picture-movement-down
|
|
123 @findex picture-movement-left
|
|
124 @findex picture-movement-right
|
|
125 @findex picture-movement-nw
|
|
126 @findex picture-movement-ne
|
|
127 @findex picture-movement-sw
|
|
128 @findex picture-movement-se
|
|
129 @kindex C-c < @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
130 @kindex C-c > @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
131 @kindex C-c ^ @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
132 @kindex C-c . @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
133 @kindex C-c ` @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
134 @kindex C-c ' @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
135 @kindex C-c / @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
136 @kindex C-c \ @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
137 Since ``self-inserting'' characters in Picture mode overwrite and move
|
|
138 point, there is no essential restriction on how point should be moved.
|
|
139 Normally point moves right, but you can specify any of the eight
|
|
140 orthogonal or diagonal directions for motion after a ``self-inserting''
|
|
141 character. This is useful for drawing lines in the buffer.
|
|
142
|
|
143 @table @kbd
|
|
144 @item C-c <
|
60858
|
145 @itemx C-c @key{LEFT}
|
25829
|
146 Move left after insertion (@code{picture-movement-left}).
|
|
147 @item C-c >
|
60858
|
148 @itemx C-c @key{RIGHT}
|
25829
|
149 Move right after insertion (@code{picture-movement-right}).
|
|
150 @item C-c ^
|
60858
|
151 @itemx C-c @key{UP}
|
25829
|
152 Move up after insertion (@code{picture-movement-up}).
|
|
153 @item C-c .
|
60858
|
154 @itemx C-c @key{DOWN}
|
25829
|
155 Move down after insertion (@code{picture-movement-down}).
|
|
156 @item C-c `
|
60858
|
157 @itemx C-c @key{HOME}
|
25829
|
158 Move up and left (``northwest'') after insertion (@code{picture-movement-nw}).
|
|
159 @item C-c '
|
60858
|
160 @itemx C-c @key{PAGEUP}
|
25829
|
161 Move up and right (``northeast'') after insertion
|
|
162 (@code{picture-movement-ne}).
|
|
163 @item C-c /
|
60858
|
164 @itemx C-c @key{END}
|
25829
|
165 Move down and left (``southwest'') after insertion
|
|
166 @*(@code{picture-movement-sw}).
|
|
167 @item C-c \
|
60858
|
168 @itemx C-c @key{PAGEDOWN}
|
25829
|
169 Move down and right (``southeast'') after insertion
|
|
170 @*(@code{picture-movement-se}).
|
|
171 @end table
|
|
172
|
|
173 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
174 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
175 @findex picture-motion
|
|
176 @findex picture-motion-reverse
|
|
177 Two motion commands move based on the current Picture insertion
|
|
178 direction. The command @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{picture-motion}) moves in the
|
|
179 same direction as motion after ``insertion'' currently does, while @kbd{C-c
|
|
180 C-b} (@code{picture-motion-reverse}) moves in the opposite direction.
|
|
181
|
|
182 @node Tabs in Picture, Rectangles in Picture, Insert in Picture, Picture
|
|
183 @section Picture Mode Tabs
|
|
184
|
|
185 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
186 @findex picture-tab-search
|
|
187 @vindex picture-tab-chars
|
|
188 Two kinds of tab-like action are provided in Picture mode. Use
|
|
189 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{picture-tab-search}) for context-based tabbing.
|
|
190 With no argument, it moves to a point underneath the next
|
|
191 ``interesting'' character that follows whitespace in the previous
|
|
192 nonblank line. ``Next'' here means ``appearing at a horizontal position
|
|
193 greater than the one point starts out at.'' With an argument, as in
|
|
194 @kbd{C-u M-@key{TAB}}, this command moves to the next such interesting
|
|
195 character in the current line. @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} does not change the
|
|
196 text; it only moves point. ``Interesting'' characters are defined by
|
|
197 the variable @code{picture-tab-chars}, which should define a set of
|
|
198 characters. The syntax for this variable is like the syntax used inside
|
|
199 of @samp{[@dots{}]} in a regular expression---but without the @samp{[}
|
|
200 and the @samp{]}. Its default value is @code{"!-~"}.
|
|
201
|
|
202 @findex picture-tab
|
|
203 @key{TAB} itself runs @code{picture-tab}, which operates based on the
|
|
204 current tab stop settings; it is the Picture mode equivalent of
|
|
205 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. Normally it just moves point, but with a numeric
|
|
206 argument it clears the text that it moves over.
|
|
207
|
|
208 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
209 @findex picture-set-tab-stops
|
|
210 The context-based and tab-stop-based forms of tabbing are brought
|
|
211 together by the command @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{picture-set-tab-stops}).
|
|
212 This command sets the tab stops to the positions which @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}
|
|
213 would consider significant in the current line. The use of this command,
|
|
214 together with @key{TAB}, can get the effect of context-based tabbing. But
|
|
215 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} is more convenient in the cases where it is sufficient.
|
|
216
|
|
217 It may be convenient to prevent use of actual tab characters in
|
|
218 pictures. For example, this prevents @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}} from messing
|
|
219 up the picture. You can do this by setting the variable
|
|
220 @code{indent-tabs-mode} to @code{nil}. @xref{Just Spaces}.
|
|
221
|
|
222 @node Rectangles in Picture,, Tabs in Picture, Picture
|
|
223 @section Picture Mode Rectangle Commands
|
|
224 @cindex rectangles and Picture mode
|
|
225 @cindex Picture mode and rectangles
|
|
226
|
|
227 Picture mode defines commands for working on rectangular pieces of the
|
|
228 text in ways that fit with the quarter-plane model. The standard rectangle
|
|
229 commands may also be useful (@pxref{Rectangles}).
|
|
230
|
|
231 @table @kbd
|
|
232 @item C-c C-k
|
|
233 Clear out the region-rectangle with spaces
|
|
234 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}). With argument, delete the text.
|
|
235 @item C-c C-w @var{r}
|
38461
|
236 Similar, but save rectangle contents in register @var{r} first
|
25829
|
237 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}).
|
|
238 @item C-c C-y
|
|
239 Copy last killed rectangle into the buffer by overwriting, with upper
|
|
240 left corner at point (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}). With argument,
|
|
241 insert instead.
|
|
242 @item C-c C-x @var{r}
|
|
243 Similar, but use the rectangle in register @var{r}
|
|
244 (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}).
|
|
245 @end table
|
|
246
|
|
247 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
248 @kindex C-c C-w @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
249 @findex picture-clear-rectangle
|
|
250 @findex picture-clear-rectangle-to-register
|
|
251 The picture rectangle commands @kbd{C-c C-k}
|
|
252 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}) and @kbd{C-c C-w}
|
|
253 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}) differ from the standard
|
|
254 rectangle commands in that they normally clear the rectangle instead of
|
|
255 deleting it; this is analogous with the way @kbd{C-d} is changed in Picture
|
|
256 mode.
|
|
257
|
|
258 However, deletion of rectangles can be useful in Picture mode, so
|
|
259 these commands delete the rectangle if given a numeric argument.
|
|
260 @kbd{C-c C-k} either with or without a numeric argument saves the
|
|
261 rectangle for @kbd{C-c C-y}.
|
|
262
|
|
263 @kindex C-c C-y @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
264 @kindex C-c C-x @r{(Picture mode)}
|
|
265 @findex picture-yank-rectangle
|
|
266 @findex picture-yank-rectangle-from-register
|
|
267 The Picture mode commands for yanking rectangles differ from the
|
38461
|
268 standard ones in that they overwrite instead of inserting. This is
|
|
269 the same way that Picture mode insertion of other text differs from
|
|
270 other modes. @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}) inserts
|
|
271 (by overwriting) the rectangle that was most recently killed, while
|
|
272 @kbd{C-c C-x} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}) does
|
|
273 likewise for the rectangle found in a specified register.
|
52401
|
274
|
|
275 @ignore
|
|
276 arch-tag: b7589747-683c-4f40-aed8-1b10403cb666
|
|
277 @end ignore
|