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1 Building and Installing Emacs
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2 on Windows NT/2K/XP and Windows 95/98/ME
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3
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4 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
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5 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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6 See the end of the file for license conditions.
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7
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8 * For the impatient
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9
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10 Here are the concise instructions for configuring and building the
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11 native Windows binary of Emacs, for those who want to skip the
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12 complex explanations and ``just do it'':
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13
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14 Do not use this recipe with Cygwin. For building on Cygwin,
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15 use the normal installation instructions, ../INSTALL.
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16
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17 1. Change to the `nt' directory (the directory of this file):
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18
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19 cd nt
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20
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21 2. Run configure.bat. From the COMMAND.COM/CMD.EXE command prompt:
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22
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23 configure
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24
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25 from a Unixy shell prompt:
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26
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27 cmd /c configure.bat
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28 or
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29 command.com /c configure.bat
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30
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31 3. Run the Make utility suitable for your environment. If you build
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32 with the Microsoft's Visual C compiler (but see notes about using
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33 VC++ 8.0 and later below):
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34
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35 nmake
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36
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37 For the development environments based on GNU GCC (MinGW, MSYS,
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38 Cygwin - but see notes about Cygwin make below), depending on how
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39 Make is called, it could be:
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40
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41 make
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42 or
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43 mingw32-make
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44 or
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45 gnumake
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46 or
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47 gmake
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48
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49 (If you are building from CVS, say "make bootstrap" or "nmake
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50 bootstrap" instead, and avoid using Cygwin make.)
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51
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52 With GNU Make, you can use the -j command-line option to have
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53 Make execute several commands at once, like this:
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54
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55 gmake -j 2 XMFLAGS="-j 2"
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56
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57 The XMFLAGS variable overrides the default behavior of GNU Make
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58 on Windows, whereby recursive Make invocations reset the maximum
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59 number of simultaneous commands to 1. The above command allows
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60 up to 4 simultaneous commands at once in the top-level Make, and
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61 up to 3 in each one of the recursive Make's.
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62
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63 4. Generate the Info manuals (only if you are building out of CVS, and
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64 if you have makeinfo.exe installed):
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65
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66 make info
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67
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68 (change "make" to "nmake" if you use MSVC).
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69
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70 5. Install the produced binaries:
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71
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72 make install
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73
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74 That's it!
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75
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76 If these short instructions somehow fail, read the rest of this
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77 file.
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78
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79 * Preliminaries
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80
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81 If you want to build a Cygwin port of Emacs, use the instructions in
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82 the INSTALL file in the main Emacs directory (the parent of this
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83 directory). These instructions are for building a native Windows
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84 binary of Emacs.
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85
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86 If you used WinZip to unpack the distribution, we suggest to
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87 remove the files and unpack again with a different program!
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88 WinZip is known to create some subtle and hard to debug problems,
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89 such as converting files to DOS CR-LF format, not creating empty
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90 directories, etc. We suggest to use djtarnt.exe from the GNU FTP
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91 site.
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92
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93 If you are building out of CVS, then some files in this directory
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94 (.bat files, nmake.defs and makefile.w32-in) may need the line-ends
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95 fixing first. The easiest way to do this and avoid future conflicts
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96 is to run the following command in this (emacs/nt) directory:
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97
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98 cvs update -kb
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99
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100 Alternatively, use programs that convert end-of-line format, such as
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101 dos2unix and unix2dos available from GnuWin32 or dtou and utod from
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102 the DJGPP project.
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103
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104 Additionally, the files lisp/international/uni-*.el and
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105 lisp/ldefs-boot.el need Unix line ends due to some embedded ^M
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106 characters that are not at the end of the line. So in the
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107 lisp/international directory you should run the following command, or
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108 use dos2unix on those files.
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109
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110 cvs update -kb uni-*.el
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111
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112 and in the lisp directory, use the command:
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113
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114 cvs update -kb lisp/ldefs-boot.el
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115
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116 In addition to this file, you should also read INSTALL.CVS in the
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117 parent directory, and make sure that you have a version of
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118 "touch.exe" in your path, and that it will create files that do not
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119 yet exist.
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120
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121 * Supported development environments
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122
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123 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0, or
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124 later up to 7.0, and nmake, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later
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125 with MinGW and W32 API support and a port of GNU Make. You can use
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126 the Cygwin ports of GCC, but Emacs requires the MinGW headers and
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127 libraries to build (latest versions of the Cygwin toolkit, at least
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128 since v1.3.3, include the MinGW headers and libraries as an integral
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129 part).
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130
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131 Note that building Emacs with Visual Studio 2005 (VC++ 8.0) is not
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132 supported at this time, due to changes introduced by Microsoft into
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133 the libraries shipped with the compiler.
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134
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135 The rest of this file assumes you have a working development
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136 environment. If you just installed such an environment, try
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137 building a trivial C "Hello world" program, and see if it works. If
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138 it doesn't work, resolve that problem first! If you use Microsoft
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139 Visual Studio .NET 2003, don't forget to run the VCVARS32.BAT batch
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140 file from the `Bin' subdirectory of the directory where you have
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141 installed VS.NET.
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142
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143 If you use the MinGW port of GCC and GNU Make to build Emacs, there
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144 are some compatibility issues wrt Make and the shell that is run by
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145 Make, either the standard COMMAND.COM/CMD.EXE supplied with Windows
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146 or sh.exe., a port of a Unixy shell. For reference, below is a list
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147 of which builds of GNU Make are known to work or not, and whether
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148 they work in the presence and/or absence of sh.exe, the Cygwin port
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149 of Bash. Note that any version of Make that is compiled with Cygwin
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150 will only work with Cygwin tools, due to the use of cygwin style
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151 paths. This means Cygwin Make is unsuitable for building parts of
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152 Emacs that need to invoke Emacs itself (leim and "make bootstrap",
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153 for example). Also see the Trouble-shooting section below if you
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154 decide to go ahead and use Cygwin make.
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155
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156 In addition, using 4NT as your shell is known to fail the build process,
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157 at least for 4NT version 3.01. Use CMD.EXE, the default Windows shell,
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158 instead. MSYS sh.exe also appears to cause various problems. If you have
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159 MSYS installed, try "make SHELL=cmd.exe" to force the use of cmd.exe
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160 instead of sh.exe.
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161
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162 sh exists no sh
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163
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164 cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5]
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165 MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay
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166 MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay
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167 MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay
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168 mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4]
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169 cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5]
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170 cygwin compiled make 3.78.1: fails[5] fails[2, 5]
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171 cygwin compiled make 3.79.1: fails[3, 5] fails[2?, 5]
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172 cygwin compiled make 3.80: okay[6] fails?[7]
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173 cygwin compiled make 3.81: fails fails?[7]
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174 mingw32 compiled make 3.79.1: okay okay
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175 mingw32 compiled make 3.80: okay okay[7]
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176 mingw32 compiled make 3.81: okay okay[8]
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177
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178 Notes:
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179
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180 [1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount
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181 emacs source with text!=binary.
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182 [2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc.
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183 [3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; cannot build with early
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184 versions of cygwin.
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185 [4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash.
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186 [5] fails when building leim due to the use of cygwin style paths.
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187 May work if building emacs without leim.
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188 [6] need to uncomment 3 lines in nt/gmake.defs that invoke `cygpath'
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189 (look for "cygpath" near line 85 of gmake.defs).
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190 [7] not recommended; please report if you try this combination.
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191 [8] tested only on Windows XP.
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192
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193 Other compilers may work, but specific reports from people that have
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194 tried suggest that the Intel C compiler (for example) may produce an
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195 Emacs executable with strange filename completion behavior. Unless
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196 you would like to assist by finding and fixing the cause of any bugs
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197 like this, we recommend the use of the supported compilers mentioned
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198 in the previous paragraph.
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199
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200 You will also need a copy of the Posix cp, rm and mv programs. These
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201 and other useful Posix utilities can be obtained from one of several
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202 projects:
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203
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204 * http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/ ( GnuWin32 )
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205 * http://www.mingw.org/ ( MinGW )
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206 * http://www.cygwin.com/ ( Cygwin )
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207 * http://unxutils.sourceforge.net/ ( UnxUtils )
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208
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209 If you build Emacs on Windows 9X or ME, not on Windows 2K/XP or
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210 Windows NT, we suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash. That is
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211 because the native Windows shell COMMAND.COM is too limited; the
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212 Emacs build procedure tries very hard to support even such limited
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213 shells, but as none of the Windows developers of Emacs work on
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214 Windows 9x, we cannot guarantee that it works without a more
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215 powerful shell.
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216
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217 Additional instructions and help for building Emacs on Windows can be
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218 found at the Emacs Wiki:
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219
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220 http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/WThirtyTwoInstallationKit
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221
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222 and on these URLs:
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223
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224 http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/w32-build-emacs.html
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225 http://derekslager.com/blog/posts/2007/01/emacs-hack-3-compile-emacs-from-cvs-on-windows.ashx
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226
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227 The second URL above includes instructions for building with MSVC,
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228 as well as with MinGW, while the first URL covers only MinGW, but
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229 has more details about it.
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230
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231 * Configuring
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232
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233 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the
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234 `nt' subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available,
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235 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler
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236 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying
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237 options on the command line when invoking configure.
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238
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239 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available,
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240 simply change to the `nt' subdirectory and run `configure.bat' with no
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241 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'.
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242 Do NOT use the --no-debug option to configure.bat unless you are
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243 absolutely sure the produced binaries will never need to be run under
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244 a debugger.
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245
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246 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure
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247 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be
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248 suppressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell.
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249
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250 You are encouraged to look at the file config.log which shows details
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251 for failed tests, after configure.bat finishes. Any unexplained failure
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252 should be investigated and perhaps reported as a bug (see the section
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253 about reporting bugs in the file README in this directory and in the
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254 Emacs manual).
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255
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256 * Optional image library support
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257
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258 In addition to its "native" image formats (pbm and xbm), Emacs can
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259 handle other image types: xpm, tiff, gif, png and jpeg (postscript is
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260 currently unsupported on Windows). To build Emacs with support for
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261 them, the corresponding headers must be in the include path when the
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262 configure script is run. This can be setup using environment
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263 variables, or by specifying --cflags -I... options on the command-line
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264 to configure.bat. The configure script will report whether it was
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265 able to detect the headers. If the results of this testing appear to be
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266 incorrect, please look for details in the file config.log: it will show
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267 the failed test programs and compiler error messages that should explain
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268 what is wrong. (Usually, any such failures happen because some headers
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269 are missing due to bad packaging of the image support libraries.)
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270
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271 To use the external image support, the DLLs implementing the
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272 functionality must be found when Emacs first needs them, either on the
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273 PATH, or in the same directory as emacs.exe. Failure to find a
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274 library is not an error; the associated image format will simply be
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275 unavailable. Note that once Emacs has determined that a library can
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276 not be found, there's no way to force it to try again, other than
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277 restarting. See the variable `image-library-alist' to configure the
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278 expected names of the libraries.
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279
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280 Some image libraries have dependencies on one another, or on zlib.
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281 For example, tiff support depends on the jpeg library. If you did not
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282 compile the libraries yourself, you must make sure that any dependency
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283 is in the PATH or otherwise accessible and that the binaries are
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284 compatible (for example, that they were built with the same compiler).
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285
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286 Binaries for the image libraries (among many others) can be found at
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287 the GnuWin32 project. PNG, JPEG and TIFF libraries are also
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288 included with GTK, which is installed along with other Free Software
|
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289 that requires it. These are built with MinGW, but they can be used
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290 with both GCC/MinGW and MSVC builds of Emacs. See the info on
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291 http://ourcomments.org/Emacs/w32-build-emacs.html, under "How to Get
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292 Images Support", for more details about installing image support
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293 libraries. Note specifically that, due to some packaging snafus in
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294 the GnuWin32-supplied image libraries, you will need to download
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295 _source_ packages for some of the libraries in order to get the
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296 header files necessary for building Emacs with image support.
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297
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298 If GTK 2.0 is installed, addpm will arrange for its image libraries
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299 to be on the DLL search path for Emacs.
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300
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301 * Building
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302
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303 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for
|
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304 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is
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305 GNU make. (If you are building out of CVS, say "make bootstrap" or
|
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306 "nmake bootstrap" instead.)
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307
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308 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages
|
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309 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data
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310 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages.
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311 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but
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312 until then we will just live with them.
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313
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314 With GNU Make, you can use the -j command-line option to have Make
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315 execute several commands at once, like this:
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316
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317 gmake -j 4 XMFLAGS="-j 3"
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318
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319 The XMFLAGS variable overrides the default behavior of GNU Make on
|
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320 Windows, whereby recursive Make invocations reset the maximum number
|
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321 of simultaneous commands to 1. The above command allows up to 4
|
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322 simultaneous commands at once in the top-level Make, and up to 3 in
|
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323 each one of the recursive Make's; you can use other numbers of jobs,
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324 if you wish.
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325
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326 If you are building from CVS, the following commands will produce
|
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327 the Info manuals (which are not part of the CVS repository):
|
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328
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329 make info
|
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330 or
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331 nmake info
|
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332
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333 Note that you will need makeinfo.exe (from the GNU Texinfo package)
|
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334 in order for this command to succeed.
|
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335
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336 * Installing
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337
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338 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `nmake install'
|
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339 or `make install', depending on which version of the Make utility
|
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340 do you have.
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341
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342 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was
|
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343 built, but a different location can be specified either using the
|
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344 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running
|
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345 make, like so:
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346
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347 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs
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348
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349 (for `nmake', type "nmake install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs" instead).
|
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350
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351 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and
|
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352 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs.
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353
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354 * Make targets
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355
|
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356 The following make targets may be used by users building the source
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357 distribution, or users who have checked out of CVS after
|
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358 an initial bootstrapping.
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359
|
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360 make
|
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361 Builds Emacs from the available sources and pre-compiled lisp files.
|
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362
|
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363 make install
|
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364 Installs programs to the bin directory, and runs addpm to create
|
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365 Start Menu icons.
|
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366
|
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367 make clean
|
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368 Removes object and executable files produced by the build process in
|
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369 the current configuration. After make clean, you can rebuild with
|
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370 the same configuration using make.
|
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371
|
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372 make distclean
|
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373 In addition to the files removed by make clean, this also removes
|
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374 Makefiles and other generated files to get back to the state of a
|
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375 freshly unpacked source distribution. Note that this will not remove
|
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376 installed files, or the results of builds performed with different
|
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377 compiler or optimization options than the current configuration.
|
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378 After make distclean, it is necessary to run configure.bat followed
|
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379 by make to rebuild.
|
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380
|
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381 make cleanall
|
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382 Removes object and executable files that may have been created by
|
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383 previous builds with different configure options, in addition to
|
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384 the files produced by the current configuration.
|
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385
|
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386 make realclean
|
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387 Removes the installed files in the bin subdirectory in addition to
|
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388 the files removed by make cleanall.
|
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389
|
|
390
|
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391 The following targets are intended only for users who have checked out
|
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392 of CVS.
|
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393
|
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394 make bootstrap
|
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395 Creates a temporary emacs binary with lisp source files and
|
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396 uses it to compile the lisp files. Once the lisp files are built,
|
|
397 emacs is redumped with the compiled lisp.
|
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398
|
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399 make recompile
|
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400 Recompiles any changed lisp files after a cvs update. This saves
|
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401 doing a full bootstrap after every update. If this or a subsequent
|
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402 make fail, you probably need to perform a full bootstrap, though
|
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403 running this target multiple times may eventually sort out the
|
|
404 interdependencies.
|
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405
|
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406 make maintainer-clean
|
|
407 Removes everything that can be recreated, including compiled lisp
|
|
408 files, to get back to the state of a fresh CVS checkout. After make
|
|
409 maintainer-clean, it is necessary to run configure.bat and make
|
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410 bootstrap to rebuild. Occasionally it may be necessary to run this
|
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411 target after a cvs update.
|
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412
|
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413
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414 * Trouble-shooting
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415
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416 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building
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417 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old MinGW or W32 API
|
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418 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs
|
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419 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles
|
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420 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also,
|
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421 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying
|
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422 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment.
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423
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424 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the
|
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425 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version
|
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426 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained
|
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427 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some
|
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428 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c.
|
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429 Older versions of the W32 API headers that come with Cygwin and MinGW
|
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430 may be missing some definitions required by Emacs, or broken in other
|
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431 ways. In particular, uniscribe APIs were added to MinGW CVS only on
|
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432 2006-03-26, so releases from before then cannot be used.
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433
|
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434 When in doubt about correctness of what configure did, look at the file
|
|
435 config.log, which shows all the failed test programs and compiler
|
|
436 messages associated with the failures. If that doesn't give a clue,
|
|
437 please report the problems, together with the relevant fragments from
|
|
438 config.log, as bugs.
|
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439
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440 If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of
|
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441 Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to
|
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442 build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb
|
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443 for Makefile's used by Emacs.)
|
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444
|
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445 If you are using certain Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin version
|
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446 1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so:
|
|
447
|
|
448 configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__
|
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449 --ldflags -mwin32
|
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450
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451 However, the latest Cygwin versions, such as 1.3.3, don't need those
|
|
452 switches; you can simply use "configure --with-gcc".
|
|
453
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454 We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future
|
|
455 release.
|
|
456
|
|
457 * Debugging
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458
|
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459 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is
|
|
460 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if
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461 compiled with MSVC, or GDB if compiled with GCC. (GDB for Windows
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462 is available from the MinGW site, http://www.mingw.org/download.shtml.)
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463
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464 When Emacs aborts due to a fatal internal error, Emacs on Windows
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465 pops up an Emacs Abort Dialog asking you whether you want to debug
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466 Emacs or terminate it. If Emacs was built with MSVC, click YES
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467 twice, and Windbg or the DevStudio debugger will start up
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468 automatically. If Emacs was built with GCC, first start GDB and
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469 attach it to the Emacs process with the "gdb -p EMACS-PID" command,
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470 where EMACS-PID is the Emacs process ID (which you can see in the
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471 Windows Task Manager), type the "continue" command inside GDB, and
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472 only then click YES on the abort dialog. This will pass control to
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473 the debugger, and you will be able to debug the cause of the fatal
|
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474 error.
|
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475
|
|
476 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects
|
|
477 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names
|
|
478 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For
|
|
479 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by
|
|
480 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again
|
|
481 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to
|
|
482 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name.
|
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483
|
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484 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the
|
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485 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in a debugger,
|
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|
486 Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that prints out a
|
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487 readable representation of a Lisp_Object. If you are using GDB,
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488 there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which provides
|
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489 definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. Therefore,
|
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490 the following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.
|
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|
491
|
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492 The output from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger
|
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493 via the OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should
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494 be displayed in the console window that was opened when the
|
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|
495 emacs.exe executable was started. The output sent to the debugger
|
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|
496 should be displayed in its "Debug" output window.
|
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497
|
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498 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to
|
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499 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, pop up the QuickWatch
|
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500 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the
|
|
501 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter
|
|
502 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run
|
|
503 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click
|
|
504 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should
|
|
505 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call
|
|
506 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack
|
|
507 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window
|
|
508 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will
|
|
509 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path.
|
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|
510
|
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|
511 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call
|
|
512 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call
|
|
513 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize
|
|
514 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs
|
|
515 procedure and try using debug_print again.
|
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|
516
|
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|
517 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the
|
|
518 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is
|
|
519 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be
|
|
520 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current
|
|
521 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts
|
|
522 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current
|
|
523 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched
|
|
524 threads.
|
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|
525
|
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526
|
|
527 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
|
|
528
|
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|
529 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
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|
530 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
94795
|
531 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
|
|
532 (at your option) any later version.
|
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|
533
|
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|
534 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
|
535 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
536 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
|
537 GNU General Public License for more details.
|
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|
538
|
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|
539 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
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|
540 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|