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author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 26 Feb 2002 16:38:05 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c documentation for forms-mode | |
3 @c Written by Johan Vromans, and edited by Richard Stallman | |
4 | |
5 @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) | |
6 @setfilename ../info/forms | |
7 @settitle Forms Mode User's Manual | |
8 @syncodeindex vr cp | |
9 @syncodeindex fn cp | |
10 @syncodeindex ky cp | |
11 @iftex | |
12 @finalout | |
13 @setchapternewpage odd | |
14 @end iftex | |
15 @c @smallbook | |
16 @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) | |
17 | |
30009 | 18 @dircategory Emacs |
25829 | 19 @direntry |
20 * Forms: (forms). Emacs package for editing data bases | |
21 by filling in forms. | |
22 @end direntry | |
23 | |
24 @ifinfo | |
25 This file documents Forms mode, a form-editing major mode for GNU Emacs. | |
26 | |
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27 Copyright 1989, 1997, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 28 |
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29 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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30 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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31 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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32 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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33 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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34 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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35 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
25829 | 36 |
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37 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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38 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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39 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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40 |
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41 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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42 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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43 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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44 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
25829 | 45 @end ifinfo |
46 | |
47 @iftex | |
48 @titlepage | |
49 @sp 6 | |
50 @center @titlefont{Forms Mode User's Manual} | |
51 @sp 4 | |
52 @center Forms-Mode version 2 | |
53 @sp 1 | |
54 @center for GNU Emacs 20.1 | |
55 @sp 1 | |
56 @center June 1997 | |
57 @sp 5 | |
58 @center Johan Vromans | |
59 @center @i{jvromans@@squirrel.nl} | |
60 @page | |
61 | |
62 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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63 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1997, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 64 |
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65 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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66 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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67 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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68 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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69 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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70 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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71 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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72 |
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73 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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74 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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75 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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76 |
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77 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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78 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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79 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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80 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
25829 | 81 @page |
82 @end titlepage | |
83 @end iftex | |
84 | |
85 @ifinfo | |
86 @node Top | |
87 @top Forms Mode | |
88 | |
89 Forms mode is an Emacs major mode for working with simple textual data | |
90 bases in a forms-oriented manner. In Forms mode, the information in | |
91 these files is presented in an Emacs window in a user-defined format, | |
92 one record at a time. The user can view records or modify their | |
93 contents. | |
94 | |
95 Forms mode is not a simple major mode, but requires two files to do its | |
96 job: a control file and a data file. The data file holds the | |
97 actual data to be presented. The control file describes | |
98 how to present it. | |
99 | |
100 @menu | |
101 * Forms Example:: An example: editing the password data base. | |
102 * Entering and Exiting Forms Mode:: | |
103 How to visit a file in Forms mode. | |
104 * Forms Commands:: Special commands to use while in Forms mode. | |
105 * Data File Format:: How to format the data file. | |
106 * Control File Format:: How to control forms mode. | |
107 * Format Description:: How to define the forms layout. | |
108 * Modifying Forms Contents:: How to modify. | |
109 * Miscellaneous:: Forms mode messages and other remarks. | |
110 * Error Messages:: List of error messages forms mode can produce. | |
111 * Long Example:: A more complex control file example. | |
112 * Credits:: Thanks everyone. | |
113 * Index:: Index to this manual. | |
114 @end menu | |
115 @end ifinfo | |
116 | |
117 @node Forms Example | |
118 @chapter Forms Example | |
119 | |
120 Let's illustrate Forms mode with an example. Suppose you are looking at | |
121 the @file{/etc/passwd} file, and the screen looks like this: | |
122 | |
123 @example | |
124 ====== /etc/passwd ====== | |
125 | |
126 User : root Uid: 0 Gid: 1 | |
127 | |
128 Name : Super User | |
129 | |
130 Home : / | |
131 | |
132 Shell: /bin/sh | |
133 @end example | |
134 | |
135 As you can see, the familiar fields from the entry for the super user | |
136 are all there, but instead of being colon-separated on one single line, | |
137 they make up a forms. | |
138 | |
139 The contents of the forms consist of the contents of the fields of the | |
140 record (e.g. @samp{root}, @samp{0}, @samp{1}, @samp{Super User}) | |
141 interspersed with normal text (e.g @samp{User : }, @samp{Uid: }). | |
142 | |
143 If you modify the contents of the fields, Forms mode will analyze your | |
144 changes and update the file appropriately. You cannot modify the | |
145 interspersed explanatory text (unless you go to some trouble about it), | |
146 because that is marked read-only (@pxref{Text Properties,,, elisp, The | |
147 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}). | |
148 | |
149 The Forms mode control file specifies the relationship between the | |
150 format of @file{/etc/passwd} and what appears on the screen in Forms | |
151 mode. @xref{Control File Format}. | |
152 | |
153 @node Entering and Exiting Forms Mode | |
154 @chapter Entering and Exiting Forms Mode | |
155 | |
156 @table @kbd | |
157 @findex forms-find-file | |
158 @item M-x forms-find-file @key{RET} @var{control-file} @key{RET} | |
159 Visit a database using Forms mode. Specify the name of the | |
160 @strong{control file}, not the data file! | |
161 | |
162 @findex forms-find-file-other-window | |
163 @item M-x forms-find-file-other-window @key{RET} @var{control-file} @key{RET} | |
164 Similar, but displays the file in another window. | |
165 @end table | |
166 | |
167 The command @code{forms-find-file} evaluates the file | |
168 @var{control-file}, and also visits it in Forms mode. What you see in | |
169 its buffer is not the contents of this file, but rather a single record | |
170 of the corresponding data file that is visited in its own buffer. So | |
171 there are two buffers involved in Forms mode: the @dfn{forms buffer} | |
172 that is initially used to visit the control file and that shows the | |
173 records being browsed, and the @dfn{data buffer} that holds the data | |
174 file being visited. The latter buffer is normally not visible. | |
175 | |
176 Initially, the first record is displayed in the forms buffer. | |
177 The mode line displays the major mode name @samp{Forms}, followed by the | |
178 minor mode @samp{View} if the data base is read-only. The number of the | |
179 current record (@var{n}) and the total number of records in the | |
180 file(@var{t}) are shown in the mode line as @samp{@var{n}/@var{t}}. For | |
181 example: | |
182 | |
183 @example | |
184 --%%-Emacs: passwd-demo (Forms View 1/54)----All------- | |
185 @end example | |
186 | |
187 If the buffer is not read-only, you may change the buffer to modify the | |
188 fields in the record. When you move to a different record, the contents | |
189 of the buffer are parsed using the specifications in | |
190 @code{forms-format-list}, and the data file is updated. If the record | |
191 has fields that aren't included in the display, they are not changed. | |
192 | |
193 @vindex forms-mode-hooks | |
194 Entering Forms mode runs the normal hook @code{forms-mode-hooks} to | |
195 perform user-defined customization. | |
196 | |
197 To save any modified data, you can use @kbd{C-x C-s} | |
198 (@code{forms-save-buffer}). This does not save the forms buffer (which would | |
199 be rather useless), but instead saves the buffer visiting the data file. | |
200 | |
201 To terminate Forms mode, you can use @kbd{C-x C-s} (@code{forms-save-buffer}) | |
202 and then kill the forms buffer. However, the data buffer will still | |
203 remain. If this is not desired, you have to kill this buffer too. | |
204 | |
205 @node Forms Commands | |
206 @chapter Forms Commands | |
207 | |
208 The commands of Forms mode belong to the @kbd{C-c} prefix, with one | |
209 exception: @key{TAB}, which moves to the next field. Forms mode uses | |
210 different key maps for normal mode and read-only mode. In read-only | |
211 Forms mode, you can access most of the commands without the @kbd{C-c} | |
212 prefix, but you must type ordinary letters instead of control | |
213 characters; for example, type @kbd{n} instead of @kbd{C-c C-n}. | |
214 | |
215 If your Emacs has been built with X-toolkit support, Forms mode will | |
216 provide its own menu with a number of Forms mode commands. | |
217 | |
218 @table @kbd | |
219 @findex forms-next-record | |
220 @kindex C-c C-n | |
221 @item C-c C-n | |
222 Show the next record (@code{forms-next-record}). With a numeric | |
223 argument @var{n}, show the @var{n}th next record. | |
224 | |
225 @findex forms-prev-record | |
226 @kindex C-c C-p | |
227 @item C-c C-p | |
228 Show the previous record (@code{forms-prev-record}). With a numeric | |
229 argument @var{n}, show the @var{n}th previous record. | |
230 | |
231 @findex forms-jump-record | |
232 @kindex C-c C-l | |
233 @item C-c C-l | |
234 Jump to a record by number (@code{forms-jump-record}). Specify | |
235 the record number with a numeric argument. | |
236 | |
237 @findex forms-first-record | |
238 @kindex C-c < | |
239 @item C-c < | |
240 Jump to the first record (@code{forms-first-record}). | |
241 | |
242 @findex forms-last-record | |
243 @kindex C-c > | |
244 @item C-c > | |
245 Jump to the last record (@code{forms-last-record}). This command also | |
246 recalculates the number of records in the data file. | |
247 | |
248 @findex forms-next-field | |
249 @kindex TAB | |
250 @item @key{TAB} | |
251 @kindex C-c TAB | |
252 @itemx C-c @key{TAB} | |
253 Jump to the next field in the current record (@code{forms-next-field}). | |
254 With a numeric argument @var{n}, jump forward @var{n} fields. If this command | |
255 would move past the last field, it wraps around to the first field. | |
256 | |
257 @findex forms-toggle-read-only | |
258 @kindex C-c C-q | |
259 @item C-c C-q | |
260 Toggles read-only mode (@code{forms-toggle-read-only}). In read-only | |
261 Forms mode, you cannot edit the fields; most Forms mode commands can be | |
262 accessed without the prefix @kbd{C-c} if you use the normal letter | |
263 instead (for example, type @kbd{n} instead of @kbd{C-c C-n}). In edit | |
264 mode, you can edit the fields and thus change the contents of the data | |
265 base; you must begin Forms mode commands with @code{C-c}. Switching | |
266 to edit mode is allowed only if you have write access to the data file. | |
267 | |
268 @findex forms-insert-record | |
269 @kindex C-c C-o | |
270 @item C-c C-o | |
271 Create a new record and insert it before the current record | |
272 (@code{forms-insert-record}). It starts out with empty (or default) | |
273 contents for its fields; you can then edit the fields. With a numeric | |
274 argument, the new record is created @emph{after} the current one. | |
275 See also @code{forms-modified-record-filter} in @ref{Modifying Forms | |
276 Contents}. | |
277 | |
278 @findex forms-delete-record | |
279 @kindex C-c C-k | |
280 @item C-c C-k | |
281 Delete the current record (@code{forms-delete-record}). You are | |
282 prompted for confirmation before the record is deleted unless a numeric | |
283 argument has been provided. | |
284 | |
285 @findex forms-search-forward | |
286 @kindex C-c C-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
287 @item C-c C-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
288 Search forward for @var{regexp} in all records following this one | |
289 (@code{forms-search-forward}). If found, this record is shown. | |
290 If you give an empty argument, the previous regexp is used again. | |
291 | |
292 @findex forms-search-backward | |
293 @kindex C-c C-r @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
294 @item C-c C-r @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
295 Search backward for @var{regexp} in all records following this one | |
296 (@code{forms-search-backward}). If found, this record is shown. | |
297 If you give an empty argument, the previous regexp is used again. | |
298 | |
299 @ignore | |
300 @findex forms-exit | |
301 @kindex C-c C-x | |
302 @item C-c C-x | |
303 Terminate Forms mode processing (@code{forms-exit}). The data file is | |
304 saved if it has been modified. | |
305 | |
306 @findex forms-exit-no-save | |
307 @item M-x forms-exit-no-save | |
308 Terminates forms mode processing without saving modified data first. | |
309 @end ignore | |
310 | |
311 @findex forms-prev-field | |
312 @item M-x forms-prev-field | |
313 Similar to @code{forms-next-field} but moves backwards. | |
314 | |
315 @findex forms-save-buffer | |
316 @item M-x forms-save-buffer | |
317 @kindex C-x C-s | |
318 @itemx C-x C-s | |
319 Forms mode replacement for @code{save-buffer}. When executed in the | |
320 forms buffer it will save the contents of the (modified) data buffer | |
321 instead. In Forms mode this function will be bound to @kbd{C-x C-s}. | |
322 | |
323 @findex forms-print | |
324 @item M-x forms-print | |
325 This command can be used to make a formatted print | |
326 of the contents of the data file. | |
327 | |
328 @end table | |
329 | |
330 In addition the command @kbd{M-x revert-buffer} is useful in Forms mode | |
331 just as in other modes. | |
332 | |
333 @ignore | |
334 @vindex forms-forms-scroll | |
335 @findex scroll-up | |
336 @findex scroll-down | |
337 If the variable @code{forms-forms-scrolls} is set to a value other | |
338 than @code{nil} (which it is, by default), the Emacs functions | |
339 @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down} will perform a | |
340 @code{forms-next-record} and @code{forms-prev-record} when in forms | |
341 mode. So you can use your favourite page commands to page through the | |
342 data file. | |
343 | |
344 @vindex forms-forms-jump | |
345 @findex beginning-of-buffer | |
346 @findex end-of-buffer | |
347 Likewise, if the variable @code{forms-forms-jump} is not @code{nil} | |
348 (which it is, by default), Emacs functions @code{beginning-of-buffer} | |
349 and @code{end-of-buffer} will perform @code{forms-first-record} and | |
350 @code{forms-last-record} when in forms mode. | |
351 @end ignore | |
352 | |
353 The following function key definitions are set up in Forms mode | |
354 (whether read-only or not): | |
355 | |
356 @table @kbd | |
357 @kindex next | |
358 @item next | |
359 forms-next-record | |
360 | |
361 @kindex prior | |
362 @item prior | |
363 forms-prev-record | |
364 | |
365 @kindex begin | |
366 @item begin | |
367 forms-first-record | |
368 | |
369 @kindex end | |
370 @item end | |
371 forms-last-record | |
372 | |
373 @kindex S-Tab | |
374 @findex forms-prev-field | |
375 @item S-Tab | |
376 forms-prev-field | |
377 @end table | |
378 | |
379 @node Data File Format | |
380 @chapter Data File Format | |
381 | |
382 @cindex record | |
383 @cindex field | |
384 @vindex forms-field-sep | |
385 Files for use with Forms mode are very simple---each @dfn{record} | |
386 (usually one line) forms the contents of one form. Each record consists | |
387 of a number of @dfn{fields}, which are separated by the value of the | |
388 string @code{forms-field-sep}, which is @code{"\t"} (a Tab) by default. | |
389 | |
390 @vindex forms-read-file-filter | |
391 @vindex forms-write-file-filter | |
392 If the format of the data file is not suitable enough you can define the | |
393 filter functions @code{forms-read-file-filter} and | |
394 @code{forms-write-file-filter}. @code{forms-read-file-filter} is called | |
395 when the data file is read from disk into the data buffer. It operates | |
396 on the data buffer, ignoring read-only protections. When the data file | |
397 is saved to disk @code{forms-write-file-filter} is called to cancel the | |
398 effects of @code{forms-read-file-filter}. After being saved, | |
399 @code{forms-read-file-filter} is called again to prepare the data buffer | |
400 for further processing. | |
401 | |
402 @cindex pseudo-newline | |
403 @vindex forms-multi-line | |
404 Fields may contain text which shows up in the forms in multiple lines. | |
405 These lines are separated in the field using a ``pseudo-newline'' | |
406 character which is defined by the value of the string | |
407 @code{forms-multi-line}. Its default value is @code{"\^k"} (a Control-K | |
408 character). If it is | |
409 set to @code{nil}, multiple line fields are prohibited. | |
410 | |
411 If the data file does not exist, it is automatically created. | |
412 | |
413 @node Control File Format | |
414 @chapter Control File Format | |
415 | |
416 @cindex control file | |
417 The Forms mode @dfn{control file} serves two purposes. First, it names | |
418 the data file to use, and defines its format and properties. Second, | |
419 the Emacs buffer it occupies is used by Forms mode to display the forms. | |
420 | |
421 The contents of the control file are evaluated as a Lisp program. It | |
422 should set the following Lisp variables to suitable values: | |
423 | |
424 @table @code | |
425 @vindex forms-file | |
426 @item forms-file | |
427 This variable specifies the name of the data file. Example: | |
428 | |
429 @example | |
430 (setq forms-file "my/data-file") | |
431 @end example | |
432 | |
433 If the control file doesn't set @code{forms-file}, Forms mode | |
434 reports an error. | |
435 | |
436 @vindex forms-format-list | |
437 @item forms-format-list | |
438 This variable describes the way the fields of the record are formatted on | |
439 the screen. For details, see @ref{Format Description}. | |
440 | |
441 @vindex forms-number-of-fields | |
442 @item forms-number-of-fields | |
443 This variable holds the number of fields in each record of the data | |
444 file. Example: | |
445 | |
446 @example | |
447 (setq forms-number-of-fields 10) | |
448 @end example | |
449 @end table | |
450 | |
451 If the control file does not set @code{forms-format-list} a default | |
452 format is used. In this situation, Forms mode will deduce the number of | |
453 fields from the data file providing this file exists and | |
454 @code{forms-number-of-records} has not been set in the control file. | |
455 | |
456 The control file can optionally set the following additional Forms mode | |
457 variables. Most of them have default values that are good for most | |
458 applications. | |
459 | |
460 @table @code | |
461 @vindex forms-field-sep | |
462 @item forms-field-sep | |
463 This variable may be used to designate the string which separates the | |
464 fields in the records of the data file. If not set, it defaults to the | |
465 string @code{"\t"} (a Tab character). Example: | |
466 | |
467 @example | |
468 (setq forms-field-sep "\t") | |
469 @end example | |
470 | |
471 @vindex forms-read-only | |
472 @item forms-read-only | |
473 If the value is non-@code{nil}, the data file is treated read-only. (Forms | |
474 mode also treats the data file as read-only if you don't have access to | |
475 write it.) Example: | |
476 | |
477 @example | |
478 (set forms-read-only t) | |
479 @end example | |
480 | |
481 @vindex forms-multi-line | |
482 @item forms-multi-line | |
483 This variable specifies the @dfn{pseudo newline} separator that allows | |
484 multi-line fields. This separator goes between the ``lines'' within a | |
485 field---thus, the field doesn't really contain multiple lines, but it | |
486 appears that way when displayed in Forms mode. If the value is | |
487 @code{nil}, multi-line text fields are prohibited. The pseudo newline | |
488 must not be a character contained in @code{forms-field-sep}. | |
489 | |
490 The default value is @code{"\^k"}, the character Control-K. Example: | |
491 | |
492 @example | |
493 (setq forms-multi-line "\^k") | |
494 @end example | |
495 | |
496 @ignore | |
497 @vindex forms-forms-scroll | |
498 @item forms-forms-scroll | |
499 @xref{Forms Mode Commands}, for details. | |
500 | |
501 @vindex forms-forms-jump | |
502 @item forms-forms-jump | |
503 @xref{Forms Mode Commands}, for details. | |
504 @end ignore | |
505 | |
506 @findex forms-read-file-filter | |
507 @item forms-read-file-filter | |
508 This variable holds the name of a function to be called after the data | |
509 file has been read in. This can be used to transform the contents of the | |
510 data file into a format more suitable for forms processing. | |
511 If it is @code{nil}, no function is called. For example, to maintain a | |
512 gzipped database: | |
513 | |
514 @example | |
515 (defun gzip-read-file-filter () | |
516 (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) | |
517 "gzip -d" t t)) | |
518 (setq forms-read-file-filter 'gzip-read-file-filter) | |
519 @end example | |
520 | |
521 @findex forms-write-file-filter | |
522 @item forms-write-file-filter | |
523 This variable holds the name of a function to be called before writing | |
524 out the contents of the data file. | |
525 This can be used to undo the effects of @code{forms-read-file-filter}. | |
526 If it is @code{nil}, no function is called. Example: | |
527 | |
528 @example | |
529 (defun gzip-write-file-filter () | |
530 (make-variable-buffer-local 'require-final-newline) | |
531 (setq require-final-newline nil) | |
532 (shell-command-on-region (point-min) (point-max) | |
533 "gzip" t t)) | |
534 (setq forms-write-file-filter 'gzip-write-file-filter) | |
535 @end example | |
536 | |
537 @findex forms-new-record-filter | |
538 @item forms-new-record-filter | |
539 This variable holds a function to be called whenever a new record is created | |
540 to supply default values for fields. If it is @code{nil}, no function is | |
541 called. | |
542 @xref{Modifying Forms Contents}, for details. | |
543 | |
544 @findex forms-modified-record-filter | |
545 @item forms-modified-record-filter | |
546 This variable holds a function to be called whenever a record is | |
547 modified, just before updating the Forms data file. If it is | |
548 @code{nil}, no function is called. | |
549 @xref{Modifying Forms Contents}, for details. | |
550 | |
551 @findex forms-insert-after | |
552 @item forms-insert-after | |
553 If this variable is not @code{nil}, new records are created @emph{after} the | |
554 current record. Also, upon visiting a file, the initial position will be | |
555 at the last record instead of the first one. | |
556 | |
557 @findex forms-check-number-of-fields | |
558 @item forms-check-number-of-fields | |
559 Normally each record is checked to contain the correct number of fields. | |
560 Under certain circumstances, this can be undesirable. | |
561 If this variable is set to @code{nil}, these checks will be bypassed. | |
562 @end table | |
563 | |
564 @node Format Description | |
565 @chapter The Format Description | |
566 | |
567 @vindex forms-format-list | |
568 The variable @code{forms-format-list} specifies the format of the data | |
569 in the data file, and how to convert the data for display in Forms mode. | |
570 Its value must be a list of Forms mode @dfn{formatting elements}, each | |
571 of which can be a string, a number, a Lisp list, or a Lisp symbol that | |
572 evaluates to one of those. The formatting elements are processed in the | |
573 order they appear in the list. | |
574 | |
575 @table @var | |
576 @item string | |
577 A string formatting element is inserted in the forms ``as is,'' as text | |
578 that the user cannot alter. | |
579 | |
580 @item number | |
581 A number element selects a field of the record. The contents of this | |
582 field are inserted in the display at this point. Field numbers count | |
583 starting from 1 (one). | |
584 | |
585 @item list | |
586 A formatting element that is a list specifies a function call. This | |
587 function is called every time a record is displayed, and its result, | |
588 which must be a string, is inserted in the display text. The function | |
589 should do nothing but returning a string. | |
590 | |
591 @vindex forms-fields | |
592 The function you call can access the fields of the record as a list in | |
593 the variable | |
594 @code{forms-fields}. | |
595 | |
596 @item symbol | |
597 A symbol used as a formatting element should evaluate to a string, number, | |
598 or list; the value is interpreted as a formatting element, as described | |
599 above. | |
600 @end table | |
601 | |
602 If a record does not contain the number of fields as specified in | |
603 @code{forms-number-of-fields}, a warning message will be printed. Excess | |
604 fields are ignored, missing fields are set to empty. | |
605 | |
606 The control file which displays @file{/etc/passwd} file as demonstrated | |
607 in the beginning of this manual might look as follows: | |
608 | |
609 @example | |
610 ;; @r{This demo visits @file{/etc/passwd}.} | |
611 | |
612 (setq forms-file "/etc/passwd") | |
613 (setq forms-number-of-fields 7) | |
614 (setq forms-read-only t) ; @r{to make sure} | |
615 (setq forms-field-sep ":") | |
616 ;; @r{Don't allow multi-line fields.} | |
617 (setq forms-multi-line nil) | |
618 | |
619 (setq forms-format-list | |
620 (list | |
621 "====== /etc/passwd ======\n\n" | |
622 "User : " 1 | |
623 " Uid: " 3 | |
624 " Gid: " 4 | |
625 "\n\n" | |
626 "Name : " 5 | |
627 "\n\n" | |
628 "Home : " 6 | |
629 "\n\n" | |
630 "Shell: " 7 | |
631 "\n")) | |
632 @end example | |
633 | |
634 When you construct the value of @code{forms-format-list}, you should | |
635 usually either quote the whole value, like this, | |
636 | |
637 @example | |
638 (setq forms-format-list | |
639 '( | |
640 "====== " forms-file " ======\n\n" | |
641 "User : " 1 | |
642 (make-string 20 ?-) | |
643 @dots{} | |
644 )) | |
645 @end example | |
646 | |
647 @noindent | |
648 or quote the elements which are lists, like this: | |
649 | |
650 @example | |
651 (setq forms-format-list | |
652 (list | |
653 "====== " forms-file " ======\n\n" | |
654 "User : " 1 | |
655 '(make-string 20 ?-) | |
656 @dots{} | |
657 )) | |
658 @end example | |
659 | |
660 Forms mode validates the contents of @code{forms-format-list} when you | |
661 visit a database. If there are errors, processing is aborted with an | |
662 error message which includes a descriptive text. @xref{Error Messages}, | |
663 for a detailed list of error messages. | |
664 | |
665 If no @code{forms-format-list} is specified, Forms mode will supply a | |
666 default format list. This list contains the name of the file being | |
667 visited, and a simple label for each field indicating the field number. | |
668 | |
669 @node Modifying Forms Contents | |
670 @chapter Modifying The Forms Contents | |
671 | |
672 If @code{forms-read-only} is @code{nil}, the user can modify the fields | |
673 and records of the database. | |
674 | |
675 All normal editing commands are available for editing the contents of the | |
676 displayed record. You cannot delete or modify the fixed, explanatory | |
677 text that comes from string formatting elements, but you can modify the | |
678 actual field contents. | |
679 | |
680 @ignore | |
681 @c This is for the Emacs 18 version only. | |
682 If the contents of the forms cannot be recognized properly, this is | |
683 signaled using a descriptive text. @xref{Error Messages}, for more info. | |
684 The cursor will indicate the last part of the forms which was | |
685 successfully parsed. It's important to avoid entering field contents | |
686 that would cause confusion with the field-separating fixed text. | |
687 @end ignore | |
688 | |
689 If the variable @code{forms-modified-record-filter} is non-@code{nil}, | |
690 it is called as a function before the new data is written to the data | |
691 file. The function receives one argument, a vector that contains the | |
692 contents of the fields of the record. | |
693 | |
694 The function can refer to fields with @code{aref} and modify them with | |
695 @code{aset}. The first field has number 1 (one); thus, element 0 of the | |
696 vector is not used. The function should return the same vector it was | |
697 passed; the (possibly modified) contents of the vector determine what is | |
698 actually written in the file. Here is an example: | |
699 | |
700 @example | |
701 (defun my-modified-record-filter (record) | |
702 ;; @r{Modify second field.} | |
703 (aset record 2 (current-time-string)) | |
704 ;; @r{Return the field vector.} | |
705 record) | |
706 | |
707 (setq forms-modified-record-filter 'my-modified-record-filter) | |
708 @end example | |
709 | |
710 If the variable @code{forms-new-record-filter} is non-@code{nil}, its | |
711 value is a function to be called to fill in default values for the | |
712 fields of a new record. The function is passed a vector of empty | |
713 strings, one for each field; it should return the same vector, with | |
714 the desired field values stored in it. Fields are numbered starting | |
715 from 1 (one). Example: | |
716 | |
717 @example | |
718 (defun my-new-record-filter (fields) | |
719 (aset fields 5 (login-name)) | |
720 (aset fields 1 (current-time-string)) | |
721 fields) | |
722 | |
723 (setq forms-new-record-filter 'my-new-record-filter) | |
724 @end example | |
725 | |
726 @node Miscellaneous | |
727 @chapter Miscellaneous | |
728 | |
729 @vindex forms-version | |
730 The global variable @code{forms-version} holds the version information | |
731 of the Forms mode software. | |
732 | |
733 @findex forms-enumerate | |
734 It is very convenient to use symbolic names for the fields in a record. | |
735 The function @code{forms-enumerate} provides an elegant means to define | |
736 a series of variables whose values are consecutive integers. The | |
737 function returns the highest number used, so it can be used to set | |
738 @code{forms-number-of-fields} also. For example: | |
739 | |
740 @example | |
741 (setq forms-number-of-fields | |
742 (forms-enumerate | |
743 '(field1 field2 field3 @dots{}))) | |
744 @end example | |
745 | |
746 This sets @code{field1} to 1, @code{field2} to 2, and so on. | |
747 | |
748 Care has been taken to keep the Forms mode variables buffer-local, so it | |
749 is possible to visit multiple files in Forms mode simultaneously, even | |
750 if they have different properties. | |
751 | |
752 @findex forms-mode | |
753 If you have visited the control file in normal fashion with | |
754 @code{find-file} or a like command, you can switch to Forms mode with | |
755 the command @code{M-x forms-mode}. If you put @samp{-*- forms -*-} in | |
756 the first line of the control file, then visiting it enables Forms mode | |
757 automatically. But this makes it hard to edit the control file itself, | |
758 so you'd better think twice before using this. | |
759 | |
760 The default format for the data file, using @code{"\t"} to separate | |
761 fields and @code{"\^k"} to separate lines within a field, matches the | |
762 file format of some popular database programs, e.g. FileMaker. So | |
763 @code{forms-mode} can decrease the need to use proprietary software. | |
764 | |
765 @node Error Messages | |
766 @chapter Error Messages | |
767 | |
768 This section describes all error messages which can be generated by | |
769 forms mode. Error messages that result from parsing the control file | |
770 all start with the text @samp{Forms control file error}. Messages | |
771 generated while analyzing the definition of @code{forms-format-list} | |
772 start with @samp{Forms format error}. | |
773 | |
774 @table @code | |
775 @item Forms control file error: `forms-file' has not been set | |
776 The variable @code{forms-file} was not set by the control file. | |
777 | |
778 @item Forms control file error: `forms-number-of-fields' has not been set | |
779 The variable @code{forms-number-of-fields} was not set by the control | |
780 file. | |
781 | |
782 @item Forms control file error: `forms-number-of-fields' must be a number > 0 | |
783 The variable @code{forms-number-of-fields} did not contain a positive | |
784 number. | |
785 | |
786 @item Forms control file error: `forms-field-sep' is not a string | |
787 @itemx Forms control file error: `forms-multi-line' must be nil or a one-character string | |
788 The variable @code{forms-multi-line} was set to something other than | |
789 @code{nil} or a single-character string. | |
790 | |
791 @item Forms control file error: `forms-multi-line' is equal to 'forms-field-sep' | |
792 The variable @code{forms-multi-line} may not be equal to | |
793 @code{forms-field-sep} for this would make it impossible to distinguish | |
794 fields and the lines in the fields. | |
795 | |
796 @item Forms control file error: `forms-new-record-filter' is not a function | |
797 @itemx Forms control file error: `forms-modified-record-filter' is not a function | |
798 The variable has been set to something else than a function. | |
799 | |
800 @item Forms control file error: `forms-format-list' is not a list | |
801 The variable @code{forms-format-list} was not set to a Lisp list | |
802 by the control file. | |
803 | |
804 @item Forms format error: field number @var{xx} out of range 1..@var{nn} | |
805 A field number was supplied in @code{forms-format-list} with a value of | |
806 @var{xx}, which was not greater than zero and smaller than or equal to | |
807 the number of fields in the forms, @var{nn}. | |
808 | |
809 @item Forms format error: @var{fun} is not a function | |
810 The first element of a list which is an element of | |
811 @code{forms-format-list} was not a valid Lisp function. | |
812 | |
813 @item Forms format error: invalid element @var{xx} | |
814 A list element was supplied in @code{forms-format-list} which was not a | |
815 string, number or list. | |
816 | |
817 @ignore | |
818 @c This applies to Emacs 18 only. | |
819 @c Error messages generated while a modified form is being analyzed. | |
820 | |
821 @item Parse error: not looking at `...' | |
822 When re-parsing the contents of a forms, the text shown could not | |
823 be found. | |
824 | |
825 @item Parse error: cannot find `...' | |
826 When re-parsing the contents of a forms, the text shown, which | |
827 separates two fields, could not be found. | |
828 | |
829 @item Parse error: cannot parse adjacent fields @var{xx} and @var{yy} | |
830 Fields @var{xx} and @var{yy} were not separated by text, so could not be | |
831 parsed again. | |
832 @end ignore | |
833 | |
834 @item Warning: this record has @var{xx} fields instead of @var{yy} | |
835 The number of fields in this record in the data file did not match | |
836 @code{forms-number-of-fields}. Missing fields will be made empty. | |
837 | |
838 @item Multi-line fields in this record - update refused! | |
839 The current record contains newline characters, hence can not be written | |
840 back to the data file, for it would corrupt it. Probably you inserted a | |
841 newline in a field, while @code{forms-multi-line} was @code{nil}. | |
842 | |
843 @item Field separator occurs in record - update refused! | |
844 The current record contains the field separator string inside one of the | |
845 fields. It can not be written back to the data file, for it would | |
846 corrupt it. Probably you inserted the field separator string in a field. | |
847 | |
848 @item Record number @var{xx} out of range 1..@var{yy} | |
849 A jump was made to non-existing record @var{xx}. @var{yy} denotes the | |
850 number of records in the file. | |
851 | |
852 @item Stuck at record @var{xx} | |
853 An internal error prevented a specific record from being retrieved. | |
854 | |
855 @item No write access to @code{"}@var{file}@code{"} | |
856 An attempt was made to enable edit mode on a file that has been write | |
857 protected. | |
858 | |
859 @item Search failed: @var{regexp} | |
860 The @var{regexp} could not be found in the data file. Forward searching | |
861 is done from the current location until the end of the file, then | |
862 retrying from the beginning of the file until the current location. | |
863 Backward searching is done from the current location until the beginning | |
864 of the file, then retrying from the end of the file until the current | |
865 location. | |
866 | |
867 @item Wrapped | |
868 A search completed successfully after wrapping around. | |
869 | |
870 @item Warning: number of records changed to @var{nn} | |
871 Forms mode's idea of the number of records has been adjusted to the | |
872 number of records actually present in the data file. | |
873 | |
874 @item Problem saving buffers? | |
875 An error occurred while saving the data file buffer. Most likely, Emacs | |
876 did ask to confirm deleting the buffer because it had been modified, and | |
877 you said `no'. | |
878 @end table | |
879 | |
880 @node Long Example | |
881 @chapter Long Example | |
882 | |
883 The following example exploits most of the features of Forms mode. | |
884 This example is included in the distribution as file @file{forms-d2.el}. | |
885 | |
886 @example | |
887 ;; demo2 -- demo forms-mode -*- emacs-lisp -*- | |
888 | |
889 ;; @r{This sample forms exploit most of the features of forms mode.} | |
890 | |
891 ;; @r{Set the name of the data file.} | |
892 (setq forms-file "forms-d2.dat") | |
893 | |
894 ;; @r{Use @code{forms-enumerate} to set field names and number thereof.} | |
895 (setq forms-number-of-fields | |
896 (forms-enumerate | |
897 '(arch-newsgroup ; 1 | |
898 arch-volume ; 2 | |
899 arch-issue ; and ... | |
900 arch-article ; ... so | |
901 arch-shortname ; ... ... on | |
902 arch-parts | |
903 arch-from | |
904 arch-longname | |
905 arch-keywords | |
906 arch-date | |
907 arch-remarks))) | |
908 | |
909 ;; @r{The following functions are used by this form for layout purposes.} | |
910 ;; | |
911 (defun arch-tocol (target &optional fill) | |
912 "Produces a string to skip to column TARGET. | |
913 Prepends newline if needed. | |
914 The optional FILL should be a character, used to fill to the column." | |
915 (if (null fill) | |
916 (setq fill ? )) | |
917 (if (< target (current-column)) | |
918 (concat "\n" (make-string target fill)) | |
919 (make-string (- target (current-column)) fill))) | |
920 ;; | |
921 (defun arch-rj (target field &optional fill) | |
922 "Produces a string to skip to column TARGET\ | |
923 minus the width of field FIELD. | |
924 Prepends newline if needed. | |
925 The optional FILL should be a character, | |
926 used to fill to the column." | |
927 (arch-tocol (- target (length (nth field forms-fields))) fill)) | |
928 | |
929 ;; @r{Record filters.} | |
930 ;; | |
931 (defun new-record-filter (the-record) | |
932 "Form a new record with some defaults." | |
933 (aset the-record arch-from (user-full-name)) | |
934 (aset the-record arch-date (current-time-string)) | |
935 the-record) ; return it | |
936 (setq forms-new-record-filter 'new-record-filter) | |
937 | |
938 ;; @r{The format list.} | |
939 (setq forms-format-list | |
940 (list | |
941 "====== Public Domain Software Archive ======\n\n" | |
942 arch-shortname | |
943 " - " arch-longname | |
944 "\n\n" | |
945 "Article: " arch-newsgroup | |
946 "/" arch-article | |
947 " " | |
948 '(arch-tocol 40) | |
949 "Issue: " arch-issue | |
950 " " | |
951 '(arch-rj 73 10) | |
952 "Date: " arch-date | |
953 "\n\n" | |
954 "Submitted by: " arch-from | |
955 "\n" | |
956 '(arch-tocol 79 ?-) | |
957 "\n" | |
958 "Keywords: " arch-keywords | |
959 "\n\n" | |
960 "Parts: " arch-parts | |
961 "\n\n====== Remarks ======\n\n" | |
962 arch-remarks | |
963 )) | |
964 | |
965 ;; @r{That's all, folks!} | |
966 @end example | |
967 | |
968 @node Credits | |
969 @chapter Credits | |
970 | |
971 Bug fixes and other useful suggestions were supplied by | |
972 Harald Hanche-Olsen (@code{hanche@@imf.unit.no}), | |
973 @code{cwitty@@portia.stanford.edu}, | |
974 Jonathan I. Kamens, | |
975 Per Cederqvist (@code{ceder@@signum.se}), | |
976 Michael Lipka (@code{lipka@@lip.hanse.de}), | |
977 Andy Piper (@code{ajp@@eng.cam.ac.uk}), | |
978 Frederic Pierresteguy (@code{F.Pierresteguy@@frcl.bull.fr}), | |
979 Ignatios Souvatzis | |
980 and Richard Stallman (@code{rms@@gnu.org}). | |
981 | |
982 This documentation was slightly inspired by the documentation of ``rolo | |
983 mode'' by Paul Davis at Schlumberger Cambridge Research | |
984 (@code{davis%scrsu1%sdr.slb.com@@relay.cs.net}). | |
985 | |
986 None of this would have been possible without GNU Emacs of the Free | |
987 Software Foundation. Thanks, Richard! | |
988 | |
989 @node Index | |
990 @unnumbered Index | |
991 @printindex cp | |
992 | |
993 @contents | |
994 @bye |