annotate man/regs.texi @ 38552:6319e783bf00

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author Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
date Wed, 25 Jul 2001 13:00:42 +0000
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children 5c282c7df1cf
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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4 @node Registers, Display, Rectangles, Top
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5 @chapter Registers
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6 @cindex registers
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7
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8 Emacs @dfn{registers} are compartments where you can save text,
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9 rectangles, positions, and other things for later use. Once you save
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10 text or a rectangle in a register, you can copy it into the buffer
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11 once, or many times; you can move point to a position saved in a
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12 register once, or many times.
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13
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14 @findex view-register
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15 Each register has a name, which consists of a single character.
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16 A register can
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17 store a piece of text, a rectangle, a position, a window configuration,
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18 or a file name, but only one thing at any given time. Whatever you
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19 store in a register remains there until you store something else in that
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20 register. To see what a register @var{r} contains, use @kbd{M-x
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21 view-register}.
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22
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23 @table @kbd
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24 @item M-x view-register @key{RET} @var{r}
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25 Display a description of what register @var{r} contains.
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26 @end table
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27
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28 @menu
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29 * Position: RegPos. Saving positions in registers.
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30 * Text: RegText. Saving text in registers.
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31 * Rectangle: RegRect. Saving rectangles in registers.
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32 * Configurations: RegConfig. Saving window configurations in registers.
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33 * Files: RegFiles. File names in registers.
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34 * Numbers: RegNumbers. Numbers in registers.
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35 * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
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36 @end menu
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37
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38 @node RegPos
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39 @section Saving Positions in Registers
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40
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41 Saving a position records a place in a buffer so that you can move
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42 back there later. Moving to a saved position switches to that buffer
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43 and moves point to that place in it.
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44
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45 @table @kbd
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46 @item C-x r @key{SPC} @var{r}
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47 Save position of point in register @var{r} (@code{point-to-register}).
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48 @item C-x r j @var{r}
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49 Jump to the position saved in register @var{r} (@code{jump-to-register}).
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50 @end table
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51
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52 @kindex C-x r SPC
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53 @findex point-to-register
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54 To save the current position of point in a register, choose a name
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55 @var{r} and type @kbd{C-x r @key{SPC} @var{r}}. The register @var{r}
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56 retains the position thus saved until you store something else in that
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57 register.
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58
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59 @kindex C-x r j
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60 @findex jump-to-register
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61 The command @kbd{C-x r j @var{r}} moves point to the position recorded
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62 in register @var{r}. The register is not affected; it continues to
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63 hold the same position. You can jump to the saved position any number
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64 of times.
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65
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66 If you use @kbd{C-x r j} to go to a saved position, but the buffer it
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67 was saved from has been killed, @kbd{C-x r j} tries to create the buffer
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68 again by visiting the same file. Of course, this works only for buffers
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69 that were visiting files.
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70
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71 @node RegText
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72 @section Saving Text in Registers
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73
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74 When you want to insert a copy of the same piece of text several
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75 times, it may be inconvenient to yank it from the kill ring, since each
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76 subsequent kill moves that entry further down the ring. An alternative
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77 is to store the text in a register and later retrieve it.
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78
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79 @table @kbd
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80 @item C-x r s @var{r}
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81 Copy region into register @var{r} (@code{copy-to-register}).
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82 @item C-x r i @var{r}
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83 Insert text from register @var{r} (@code{insert-register}).
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84 @end table
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85
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86 @kindex C-x r s
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87 @kindex C-x r i
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88 @findex copy-to-register
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89 @findex insert-register
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90 @kbd{C-x r s @var{r}} stores a copy of the text of the region into
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91 the register named @var{r}. @kbd{C-u C-x r s @var{r}}, the same
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92 command with a numeric argument, deletes the text from the buffer as
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93 well.
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94
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95 @kbd{C-x r i @var{r}} inserts in the buffer the text from register
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96 @var{r}. Normally it leaves point before the text and places the mark
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97 after, but with a numeric argument (@kbd{C-u}) it puts point after the
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98 text and the mark before.
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99
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100 @node RegRect
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101 @section Saving Rectangles in Registers
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102
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103 A register can contain a rectangle instead of linear text. The
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104 rectangle is represented as a list of strings. @xref{Rectangles}, for
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105 basic information on how to specify a rectangle in the buffer.
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106
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107 @table @kbd
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108 @findex copy-rectangle-to-register
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109 @kindex C-x r r
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110 @item C-x r r @var{r}
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111 Copy the region-rectangle into register @var{r}
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112 (@code{copy-rectangle-to-register}). With numeric argument, delete it as
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113 well.
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114 @item C-x r i @var{r}
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115 Insert the rectangle stored in register @var{r} (if it contains a
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116 rectangle) (@code{insert-register}).
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117 @end table
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118
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119 The @kbd{C-x r i @var{r}} command inserts a text string if the
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120 register contains one, and inserts a rectangle if the register contains
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121 one.
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122
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123 See also the command @code{sort-columns}, which you can think of
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124 as sorting a rectangle. @xref{Sorting}.
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125
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126 @node RegConfig
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127 @section Saving Window Configurations in Registers
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128
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129 @findex window-configuration-to-register
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130 @findex frame-configuration-to-register
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131 @kindex C-x r w
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132 @kindex C-x r f
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133 You can save the window configuration of the selected frame in a
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134 register, or even the configuration of all windows in all frames, and
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135 restore the configuration later.
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136
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137 @table @kbd
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138 @item C-x r w @var{r}
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139 Save the state of the selected frame's windows in register @var{r}
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140 (@code{window-configuration-to-register}).
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141 @item C-x r f @var{r}
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142 Save the state of all frames, including all their windows, in register
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143 @var{r} (@code{frame-configuration-to-register}).
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144 @end table
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145
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146 Use @kbd{C-x r j @var{r}} to restore a window or frame configuration.
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147 This is the same command used to restore a cursor position. When you
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148 restore a frame configuration, any existing frames not included in the
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149 configuration become invisible. If you wish to delete these frames
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150 instead, use @kbd{C-u C-x r j @var{r}}.
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151
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152 @node RegNumbers
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153 @section Keeping Numbers in Registers
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154
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155 There are commands to store a number in a register, to insert
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156 the number in the buffer in decimal, and to increment it. These commands
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157 can be useful in keyboard macros (@pxref{Keyboard Macros}).
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158
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159 @table @kbd
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160 @item C-u @var{number} C-x r n @var{r}
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161 @kindex C-x r n
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162 @findex number-to-register
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163 Store @var{number} into register @var{r} (@code{number-to-register}).
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164 @item C-u @var{number} C-x r + @var{r}
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165 @kindex C-x r +
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166 @findex increment-register
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167 Increment the number in register @var{r} by @var{number}
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168 (@code{increment-register}).
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169 @item C-x r g @var{r}
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170 Insert the number from register @var{r} into the buffer.
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171 @end table
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172
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173 @kbd{C-x r g} is the same command used to insert any other sort of
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174 register contents into the buffer. @kbd{C-x r +} with no numeric
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175 argument increments the register value by 1; @kbd{C-x r n} with no
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176 numeric argument stores zero in the register.
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177
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178 @node RegFiles
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179 @section Keeping File Names in Registers
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180
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181 If you visit certain file names frequently, you can visit them more
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182 conveniently if you put their names in registers. Here's the Lisp code
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183 used to put a file name in a register:
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184
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185 @smallexample
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186 (set-register ?@var{r} '(file . @var{name}))
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187 @end smallexample
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188
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189 @need 3000
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190 @noindent
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191 For example,
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192
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193 @smallexample
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194 (set-register ?z '(file . "/gd/gnu/emacs/19.0/src/ChangeLog"))
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195 @end smallexample
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196
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197 @noindent
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198 puts the file name shown in register @samp{z}.
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199
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200 To visit the file whose name is in register @var{r}, type @kbd{C-x r j
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201 @var{r}}. (This is the same command used to jump to a position or
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202 restore a frame configuration.)
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203
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204 @node Bookmarks
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205 @section Bookmarks
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206 @cindex bookmarks
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207
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208 @dfn{Bookmarks} are somewhat like registers in that they record
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209 positions you can jump to. Unlike registers, they have long names, and
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210 they persist automatically from one Emacs session to the next. The
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211 prototypical use of bookmarks is to record ``where you were reading'' in
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212 various files.
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213
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214 @table @kbd
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215 @item C-x r m @key{RET}
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216 Set the bookmark for the visited file, at point.
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217
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218 @item C-x r m @var{bookmark} @key{RET}
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219 @findex bookmark-set
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220 Set the bookmark named @var{bookmark} at point (@code{bookmark-set}).
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221
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222 @item C-x r b @var{bookmark} @key{RET}
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223 @findex bookmark-jump
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224 Jump to the bookmark named @var{bookmark} (@code{bookmark-jump}).
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225
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226 @item C-x r l
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227 @findex list-bookmarks
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228 List all bookmarks (@code{list-bookmarks}).
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229
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230 @item M-x bookmark-save
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231 @findex bookmark-save
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232 Save all the current bookmark values in the default bookmark file.
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233 @end table
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234
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235 @kindex C-x r m
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236 @findex bookmark-set
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237 @kindex C-x r b
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238 @findex bookmark-jump
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239 The prototypical use for bookmarks is to record one current position
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240 in each of several files. So the command @kbd{C-x r m}, which sets a
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241 bookmark, uses the visited file name as the default for the bookmark
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242 name. If you name each bookmark after the file it points to, then you
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243 can conveniently revisit any of those files with @kbd{C-x r b}, and move
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244 to the position of the bookmark at the same time.
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245
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246 @kindex C-x r l
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247 To display a list of all your bookmarks in a separate buffer, type
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248 @kbd{C-x r l} (@code{list-bookmarks}). If you switch to that buffer,
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249 you can use it to edit your bookmark definitions or annotate the
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250 bookmarks. Type @kbd{C-h m} in that buffer for more information about
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251 its special editing commands.
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252
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253 When you kill Emacs, Emacs offers to save your bookmark values in your
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254 default bookmark file, @file{~/.emacs.bmk}, if you have changed any
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255 bookmark values. You can also save the bookmarks at any time with the
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256 @kbd{M-x bookmark-save} command. The bookmark commands load your
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257 default bookmark file automatically. This saving and loading is how
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258 bookmarks persist from one Emacs session to the next.
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259
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260 @vindex bookmark-save-flag
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261 If you set the variable @code{bookmark-save-flag} to 1, then each
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262 command that sets a bookmark will also save your bookmarks; this way,
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263 you don't lose any bookmark values even if Emacs crashes. (The value,
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264 if a number, says how many bookmark modifications should go by between
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265 saving.)
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266
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267 @vindex bookmark-search-size
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268 Bookmark position values are saved with surrounding context, so that
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269 @code{bookmark-jump} can find the proper position even if the file is
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270 modified slightly. The variable @code{bookmark-search-size} says how
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bd45e6c57fba Proofreading fixes from Danny Colascione <qtmstr@optonline.net>.
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271 many characters of context to record on each side of the bookmark's
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272 position.
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273
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274 Here are some additional commands for working with bookmarks:
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275
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276 @table @kbd
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277 @item M-x bookmark-load @key{RET} @var{filename} @key{RET}
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278 @findex bookmark-load
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279 Load a file named @var{filename} that contains a list of bookmark
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280 values. You can use this command, as well as @code{bookmark-write}, to
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281 work with other files of bookmark values in addition to your default
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282 bookmark file.
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283
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284 @item M-x bookmark-write @key{RET} @var{filename} @key{RET}
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285 @findex bookmark-write
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286 Save all the current bookmark values in the file @var{filename}.
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287
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288 @item M-x bookmark-delete @key{RET} @var{bookmark} @key{RET}
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289 @findex bookmark-delete
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290 Delete the bookmark named @var{bookmark}.
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291
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292 @item M-x bookmark-insert-location @key{RET} @var{bookmark} @key{RET}
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293 @findex bookmark-insert-location
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294 Insert in the buffer the name of the file that bookmark @var{bookmark}
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295 points to.
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296
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297 @item M-x bookmark-insert @key{RET} @var{bookmark} @key{RET}
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298 @findex bookmark-insert
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299 Insert in the buffer the @emph{contents} of the file that bookmark
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300 @var{bookmark} points to.
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301 @end table