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author | Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 25 Apr 1995 22:22:21 +0000 |
parents | 24e6be28b6ea |
children | b097ca448b38 |
rev | line source |
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1736 | 1 GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction |
2 | |
3 [To find what has changed, see the "Changes" posting.] | |
4 | |
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5 [The FAQ post date slipped big-time this time. Now that school is over |
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6 with and I can get on with the rest of my life, posting should become a |
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7 lot more regular. - sbyrnes] |
597 | 8 |
9 This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about | |
10 GNU Emacs with answers. This article contains a listing of the questions; | |
11 subsequent articles contain the questions and answers. | |
134 | 12 |
1736 | 13 The FAQ list is posted to reduce the noise level in the `gnu.emacs.help' |
14 newsgroup (which is also the `help-gnu-emacs' mailing list) which results from | |
15 the repetition of frequently asked questions, wrong answers to these questions, | |
597 | 16 corrections to the wrong answers, corrections to the corrections, debate, name |
17 calling, etc. Also, it serves as a repository of the canonical "best" answers | |
18 to these questions. However, if you know a better answer or even a slight | |
1736 | 19 change that improves an answer, please tell us! |
134 | 20 |
1736 | 21 If you know the answer of a question is in the FAQ list, please reply to the |
597 | 22 question by e-mail instead of posting. Help reduce noise! |
134 | 23 |
1736 | 24 The FAQ list is crossposted to `comp.emacs' because some sites do not receive |
25 the `gnu.*' newsgroups. The FAQ list is also crossposted to `news.answers'. | |
597 | 26 |
27 Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, deletions, etc. The | |
28 most helpful form for suggestions is a context diff (ie., the output of `diff | |
1736 | 29 -c'). Include `FAQ' in the subject of messages sent to us about the FAQ list. |
597 | 30 |
1736 | 31 Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to disturb a |
32 lot of people and you think we would know the answer. We do not have time to | |
597 | 33 answer questions individually. :-( |
134 | 34 |
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35 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also |
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36 see the `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' |
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37 newsgroup, or send e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on |
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38 a body line, or use FTP, WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. [Note: in |
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39 Sep 1994, this seems no longer to be true--rms.] |
134 | 40 |
1736 | 41 These ideas have already been suggested, but we have not had time to |
42 implement them: | |
597 | 43 |
44 * A Texinfo version. | |
1736 | 45 * Marking questions in the table of contents that have been changed |
46 recently. | |
134 | 47 |
48 -- | |
1736 | 49 Steven Byrnes <sbyrnes@rice.edu> (and Joe Wells <jbw@cs.bu.edu>) |
597 | 50 |
1736 | 51 E-mail lpf@uunet.uu.net for details about the League for Programming Freedom. |
52 | |
597 | 53 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
54 | |
1736 | 55 GNU Emacs FAQ: Table of Contents |
56 | |
57 Notation Used in FAQ | |
58 | |
59 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
60 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
61 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
62 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
63 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
64 | |
65 General Questions | |
66 | |
67 6: What is the LPF and why should I join it? | |
68 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
69 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
70 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
71 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
72 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs? | |
73 11: How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list? | |
74 12: What is the current address of the FSF? | |
597 | 75 |
1736 | 76 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help |
77 | |
78 13: I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
79 14: How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs? | |
80 15: How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual? | |
81 16: Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp? | |
82 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
83 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
84 19: Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs? | |
85 20: What informational files are available for GNU Emacs? | |
86 21: Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs? | |
87 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? | |
88 | |
89 Status of Emacs | |
90 | |
91 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? | |
92 24: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs? | |
93 25: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available? | |
94 26: What is different about GNU Emacs 19? | |
95 27: What variants of GNU Emacs exist? | |
597 | 96 |
1736 | 97 Common Things People Want To Do |
98 | |
99 28: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? | |
100 29: How do I debug a .emacs file? | |
101 30: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? | |
102 31: How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? | |
103 32: How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default? | |
104 33: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
105 34: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) | |
106 characters? | |
107 35: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
108 36: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
109 37: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
110 38: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
111 39: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? | |
112 40: How do I change load-path? | |
113 41: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
114 42: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
115 43: How do I indent switch statements like this? | |
116 44: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? | |
117 45: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
118 46: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
119 47: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? | |
120 48: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the | |
121 indentation of the previous line? | |
122 49: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
123 50: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef | |
124 commands are handled by the compiler? | |
125 51: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? | |
126 52: What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
127 53: How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
128 54: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? | |
129 55: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? | |
130 56: How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an | |
131 underlined paragraph? | |
132 57: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
133 58: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor | |
134 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
135 59: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
136 60: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
137 61: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
138 62: Where is the documentation for `etags'? | |
139 | |
140 Bugs/Problems | |
597 | 141 |
1736 | 142 63: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? |
143 64: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup? | |
144 65: How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer? | |
145 66: Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'? | |
146 67: Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs? | |
147 68: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'? | |
148 69: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping? | |
149 70: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
150 71: Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'? | |
151 72: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? | |
152 73: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? | |
153 74: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? | |
154 75: Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
155 76: Why doesn't my change to load-path work? | |
156 77: Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or | |
157 down one line? | |
158 78: Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4? | |
159 79: Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line | |
160 anymore? | |
161 80: Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary? | |
162 81: Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word? | |
163 82: Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs? | |
164 | |
165 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
166 | |
167 83: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
168 84: How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped? | |
169 85: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
170 86: Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1? | |
171 | |
172 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
597 | 173 |
1736 | 174 87: Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? |
175 88: How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
176 89: Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
177 90: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
178 91: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
179 92: Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support? | |
180 93: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch? | |
181 94: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs? | |
182 95: Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"? | |
183 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
184 97: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows? | |
185 98: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
186 99: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
187 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
188 101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
189 102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support? | |
190 103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
191 104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++, | |
192 Objective C, Pascal, Awk? | |
193 105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
194 | |
195 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
597 | 196 |
1736 | 197 106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs |
198 107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
199 108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs | |
200 109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
201 110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs | |
202 111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines | |
203 112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs | |
204 113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs | |
205 114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
206 115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs | |
207 116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler | |
208 117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes | |
209 118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
210 119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
211 120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface | |
212 121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface | |
213 122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines | |
214 123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS | |
215 124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
134 | 216 |
1736 | 217 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems |
218 | |
219 125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
220 126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'? | |
221 127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
597 | 222 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
1736 | 223 128: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
224 129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit? | |
225 130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? | |
226 131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
227 132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys | |
597 | 228 are filtered out? |
1736 | 229 133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help? |
230 134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
231 135: Why don't the arrow keys work? | |
232 136: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
233 137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
234 138: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
235 139: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
236 140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators? | |
237 141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key? | |
238 142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
239 143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
240 144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0? | |
241 145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar? | |
242 146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs? | |
597 | 243 |
1736 | 244 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets |
597 | 245 |
1736 | 246 147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? |
247 148: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
248 149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters? | |
249 150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese? | |
250 151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
597 | 251 |
1736 | 252 Mail and News |
597 | 253 |
1736 | 254 152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
255 153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
256 154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
257 155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
258 156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder? | |
259 157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
260 158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format? | |
261 159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
262 160: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
263 161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news? | |
264 162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP? | |
265 163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)? | |
266 164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get | |
267 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd" | |
268 165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS? | |
269 166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column? | |
270 167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up? | |
271 168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS? | |
272 169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line? | |
273 170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections? | |
274 171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS? | |
275 172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting? | |
276 173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine? | |
277 174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid? | |
278 175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header? | |
279 176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS? | |
280 177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern? | |
597 | 281 |
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282 |
1736 | 283 GNU Emacs FAQ: Notation/General/Help/Status |
284 | |
285 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
286 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
287 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
288 | |
289 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
290 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
291 | |
292 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
293 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
294 deletions occurred. | |
295 | |
296 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
297 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
298 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
299 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
134 | 300 |
301 | |
302 | |
1736 | 303 Notation Used in FAQ |
134 | 304 |
1736 | 305 Skip this section and then come back if you don't understand some of the |
306 later answers. | |
307 | |
308 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
309 | |
310 C-x means press the `x' key while holding down the Control key. M-x means | |
311 press the `x' key while holding down the Meta key. M-C-x means press the | |
312 `x' key while holding down both the Control key and the Meta key. C-M-a | |
313 is a synonym for M-C-a. RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, and TAB respectively refer to | |
314 pressing the Return, Linefeed (aka Newline), Delete, Escape, and Tab keys | |
315 and are equivalent to C-m, C-j, C-?, C-[, and C-i. SPC means press the | |
316 Space bar. | |
317 | |
318 I put any key sequence that is longer than one key (and some single-key | |
319 sequences) inside double quotes or on a line by itself. Any real spaces | |
320 in such a key sequence should be ignored; only SPC really means press the | |
321 space key. | |
322 | |
323 The ASCII code sent by C-x (except for C-?) is the value that would be | |
324 sent by pressing just `x' minus 96 (or 64 for uppercase `X') and will be | |
325 from 0 to 31. The ASCII code sent by M-x is the sum of 128 and the ASCII | |
326 code that would be sent by pressing just the `x' key. Essentially, the | |
327 Control key turns off bits 5 and 6 and the Meta key turns on bit 7. | |
328 | |
329 For further information, see `Characters' and `Keys' in the online manual. | |
330 | |
331 NOTE: C-? (aka DEL) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call C-? a | |
332 "control" key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. Also, on very | |
333 few keyboards does Control-? generate ASCII code 127. | |
334 | |
335 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
134 | 336 |
337 "M-x command" means type M-x, then type the name of the command, then | |
338 type RET. | |
339 | |
1736 | 340 M-x (by default) invokes the command `execute-extended-command'. This |
341 command allows you to run any Emacs command if you can remember the | |
342 command's name. If you can't remember the command's name, you can type | |
343 TAB and SPC for completion, and "?" for a list of possibilities. An Emacs | |
344 "command" is any "interactive" Emacs function. | |
134 | 345 |
346 NOTE: Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to | |
1736 | 347 invoke execute-extended-command. A function key labeled `Do' is a good |
134 | 348 candidate for this. |
349 | |
1736 | 350 To run non-interactive Emacs functions, see question 53. |
351 | |
352 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
353 | |
354 When I refer you to topic XXX in the on-line manual, you can read this | |
355 manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by typing this: | |
356 | |
357 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET | |
358 | |
359 This invokes the Info facility. If you don't already know how to use | |
360 Info, type "?" from within Info. | |
361 | |
362 If I refer you to topic XXX:YYY, you need to type this: | |
363 | |
364 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET m YYY RET | |
365 | |
366 WARNING: Your system administrator may not have installed the Info files, | |
367 or may have installed them properly. In this case you should complain. | |
368 | |
369 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
370 | |
371 These are files that come with GNU Emacs. The GNU Emacs distribution is | |
372 divided into subdirectories; the important ones are `etc', `lisp', and | |
373 `src'. | |
134 | 374 |
375 If you use GNU Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, | |
376 start Emacs, then type "C-h v exec-directory RET". The directory name | |
1736 | 377 displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed `etc' |
378 directory. | |
134 | 379 |
380 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail, see | |
1736 | 381 question 20. All are available in the source distribution. |
382 | |
383 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
134 | 384 |
385 FSF == Free Software Foundation | |
386 LPF == League for Programming Freedom | |
387 OSF == Open Software Foundation | |
388 GNU == GNU's Not Unix | |
597 | 389 RMS == Richard Matthew Stallman |
134 | 390 FTP == File Transfer Protocol |
391 GPL == GNU General Public Licence | |
392 | |
597 | 393 NOTE: Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes |
394 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make high | |
395 quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a commercial | |
396 organization which wants to provide an alternative, standardized version | |
397 of Unix not controlled by AT&T. | |
398 | |
399 NOTE: The word "free" in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers | |
400 to "freedom", not "zero dollars". Anyone can charge any price for | |
401 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the freedom | |
402 enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always get the | |
403 software for less money from someone else, because everyone has the right | |
404 to resell or give away GPL-covered software. | |
134 | 405 |
406 | |
407 | |
1736 | 408 General Questions |
134 | 409 |
1736 | 410 6: What is the LPF and why should I join it? |
411 | |
412 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and look-and-feel | |
413 copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact the LPF via | |
414 e-mail or otherwise. {You may also contact me, jbw@cs.bu.edu; I will be | |
415 happy to talk with you about the LPF.} Here is the contact information: | |
416 | |
417 E-mail address: league@prep.ai.mit.edu | |
418 Phone number: (617) 243-4091 | |
419 Postal address: | |
420 League for Programming Freedom | |
421 1 Kendall Square, Number 143 | |
422 Post Office Box 9171 | |
423 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
424 | |
425 Papers describing the LPF's views are available on the internet and also | |
426 from the LPF: | |
427 | |
428 Anonymous FTP: | |
429 /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/lpf/ | |
430 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/lpf/ | |
431 Anonymous UUCP: | |
432 osu-cis!~/lpf/* | |
433 | |
434 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
435 | |
436 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public Licence (copyleft) is | |
437 however it is interpreted by a judge. There has never been a copyright | |
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
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438 infringement case involving the GPL to set any precedents. Please take any |
1736 | 439 discussion regarding this issue to the newsgroup gnu.misc.discuss, which |
440 was created to hold the extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
441 | |
442 RMS writes: | |
443 | |
444 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
445 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
446 to Emacs should also be free software. "Free" means that all users have | |
447 the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make sure | |
448 everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you distribute | |
449 any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the recipients the | |
450 same freedom that you enjoyed. | |
451 | |
452 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
453 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
454 | |
455 The file etc/MAILINGLISTS discusses the purpose of each GNU mailing-list. | |
456 (See question 20 on how to get a copy.) For those which are gatewayed | |
457 with newsgroups, it lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list | |
458 address. | |
459 | |
460 comp.emacs is for discussion of Emacs programs in general. This | |
461 includes GNU Emacs along with various other implementations like JOVE, | |
462 MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, Unipress, CCA, Epsilon, etc. | |
463 | |
464 Many people post GNU Emacs questions to comp.emacs because they don't | |
465 receive any of the gnu.* newsgroups. Arguments have been made both for | |
466 and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to comp.emacs. You have | |
467 to decide for yourself. | |
468 | |
469 Messages advocating "non-free" software are considered unacceptable on any | |
470 of the gnu.* newsgroups except for gnu.misc.discuss, which was created to | |
471 hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. "non-free" software | |
472 includes any software for which the end user can't freely modify the | |
473 source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to remove the gnu.* | |
474 groups from the `Newsgroups:' line when posting a followup that recommends | |
475 such software. | |
476 | |
477 gnu.emacs.bug is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid posting bug | |
478 reports to this newsgroup, instead see question 10. | |
479 | |
480 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
481 | |
482 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
483 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
484 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve individual | |
485 postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
486 | |
487 Anonymous FTP: | |
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488 /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MailingListArchives/ |
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489 |
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490 There is a WAIS database named `comp.emacs' on wais.oit.unc.edu that |
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491 makes available the last few days of articles in comp.emacs. |
1736 | 492 |
493 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs? | |
494 | |
495 The correct way to report GNU Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
496 bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
497 newsgroup gnu.emacs.bug, but please use e-mail instead of news to submit | |
498 the bug report. This way a reliable return address is available so you | |
499 can be contacted for further details. | |
500 | |
501 RMS explains: | |
502 | |
503 Sending bug reports to help-gnu-emacs (which has the effect of posting | |
504 on gnu.emacs.help) is undesirable because it takes the time of an | |
505 unnecessarily large group of people, most of whom are just users and | |
506 have no idea how to fix these problem. bug-gnu-emacs reaches a much | |
507 smaller group of people who are more likely to know what to do and have | |
508 expressed a wish to receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
509 | |
510 However, RMS says there are circumstances when it is okay to post to | |
511 gnu.emacs.help: | |
512 | |
513 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, then | |
514 after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
515 gnu.emacs.help asking if anyone can help you. | |
516 | |
517 If you are unsure whether you have a bug, RMS describes how to tell: | |
518 | |
519 ... if Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
520 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that is | |
521 a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it does, | |
522 that is a bug. | |
523 | |
524 11: How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list? | |
525 | |
526 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named `XXX', you might be able | |
527 to unsubscribe to it by sending a request to the address | |
528 `XXX-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'. However, this will not work if you are | |
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529 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
1736 | 530 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which |
531 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the `Received:' headers | |
532 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the `EXPN' or | |
533 `VRFY' sendmail commands through `telnet <site-address> smtp'. Ask your | |
534 postmaster for help. | |
535 | |
536 12: What is the current address of the FSF? | |
537 | |
538 E-mail address: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu | |
539 Phone number: (617) 876-3296 | |
540 Postal address: | |
541 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
542 675 Massachusetts Avenue | |
543 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
544 | |
545 | |
546 | |
547 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help | |
548 | |
549 13: I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
134 | 550 |
551 Type "C-h t" to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Typing just C-h is | |
552 how to enter the help system. | |
553 | |
1736 | 554 WARNING: Your system administrator may have changed C-h to act like DEL to |
555 deal local keyboards. You can use M-x help-for-help instead to invoke | |
556 help. To discover what key (if any) invokes help on your system, type | |
557 "M-x where-is RET help-for-help RET". This will print a comma-separated | |
558 list of key sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each | |
559 key sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
560 | |
561 NOTE: Emacs's help facility works best if help is invoked by a single key | |
562 whose value should be stored in the variable help-char. Andrew | |
563 Arensburger <arensb@kong.gsfc.nasa.gov> wrote a patch that allows the help | |
564 facility to work properly when invoked by multiple character sequences. | |
565 | |
566 14: How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs? | |
134 | 567 |
568 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
569 | |
1736 | 570 * The complete text of the Emacs manual is available online via the Info |
571 hypertext reader. Type "C-h i" to invoke Info. | |
572 | |
573 * You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. See question 15. | |
574 | |
575 * You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to invoke | |
597 | 576 them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), or you can |
577 print your own from the etc/refcard.tex file in the Emacs distribution. | |
1736 | 578 {Are PostScript versions of this available for FTP?} |
579 | |
580 * You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word | |
581 (actually which match a regular expression) using "C-h a" | |
582 (M-x command-apropos). | |
583 | |
584 * You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a | |
585 certain word using M-x apropos. | |
586 | |
587 * There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and information. | |
597 | 588 To get a list of these commands, type "C-h C-h C-h". |
589 | |
590 NOTE: You may find that command-apropos and apropos are extremely slow | |
591 on your system. This will be fixed in Emacs 19. If you can't wait that | |
1736 | 592 long, there is a fast-apropos.el file available in the Emacs Lisp |
593 Archive (see question 89) that contains the fix. | |
594 | |
595 15: How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual? | |
134 | 596 |
597 You can order a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual from the FSF for | |
1736 | 598 $20. For 6 or more manuals the price is $13 each. The price may be |
599 tax-deductible as a business expense. | |
600 | |
601 The full TeX source for the manual also comes in the `man' directory of | |
597 | 602 the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to print out this |
1736 | 603 300 page manual yourself (see question 18). |
597 | 604 |
605 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have TeX, you | |
1736 | 606 can get a PostScript version via anonymous FTP: |
607 | |
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608 /cs.ubc.ca:pub/archive/gnu/manuals_ps/emacs-18.57.ps.Z ! |
1736 | 609 |
610 which site requests that you please CONFINE ANY MAJOR FTPING TO LATE | |
611 EVENINGS OR EARLY MORNINGS OUR TIME (pacific time zone, GMT-8)). A DVI | |
612 version is also available via FTP: | |
613 | |
614 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-manual-6.0.dvi.Z | |
597 | 615 |
616 If you don't have TeX you can convert the Texinfo sources into | |
1736 | 617 {t,n,ps}roff format with the `texi2roff' program, which is available via |
618 anonymous FTP: | |
619 | |
620 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/texi2roff/texi2roff.shar.Z | |
621 | |
622 See also question 14 for how to view the manual online. | |
623 | |
624 16: Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp? | |
625 | |
626 Within Emacs, you can type "C-h f" to get the documentation for a | |
627 function, "C-h v" for a variable. | |
628 | |
629 For more information, obtain the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual for Emacs | |
630 18 under Unix. It is available from the FSF for $50 (or 5 for $200). The | |
631 latest revision available for FTP is edition 1.03 dated 28 January 1991. | |
632 | |
633 For online use, a set of pregenerated Info files is available with the | |
634 Texinfo source for the Emacs Lisp manual via anonymous FTP: | |
635 | |
636 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/ | |
637 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/elisp-manual-1.03.tar.Z | |
638 | |
639 (You can also create the Info files from the Texinfo source.) See | |
640 question 17 for details on how to install these files online. | |
641 | |
642 If you are daring enough to try to print this 550 page manual out | |
643 yourself, for instructions see question 18. | |
644 | |
645 Also, as a popular USENET saying goes, "Use the Force, Read the Source". | |
646 | |
647 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
648 | |
649 First create Info files from the Texinfo files with the `makeinfo' | |
650 program. makeinfo is available as part of the latest Texinfo package: | |
651 | |
652 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo-2.14.tar.Z | |
597 | 653 |
654 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
655 comes with Emacs. This manual also comes installed in Info format, so you | |
656 can read it online. | |
657 | |
658 Neither texinfo-format-buffer nor the makeinfo program install the | |
659 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files: | |
660 | |
1736 | 661 1. Move the files to the `info' directory in the installed Emacs |
662 distribution. See question 4 if you don't know where that | |
597 | 663 is. |
664 | |
665 2. Edit the file info/dir in the installed Emacs distribution, and add a | |
666 line for the top level node in the Info package that you are | |
667 installing. Follow the examples are already in this file. The format | |
668 is: | |
669 | |
670 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
671 | |
672 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
1736 | 673 privileges, you have several options: |
674 | |
675 * Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
597 | 676 can feed a file name to the Info-goto-node command (invoked by pressing |
677 "g" in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in parentheses. This | |
1736 | 678 goes to the node named `Top' in that file. For example, to view a Info |
679 file named `XXX' in your home directory, you can type this: | |
597 | 680 |
681 C-h i g (~/XXX) RET | |
682 | |
1736 | 683 * You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where the |
597 | 684 Info directory is by setting the value of the variable Info-directory |
685 to its pathname. For example, to use a private Info directory which | |
1736 | 686 is a subdirectory of your home directory named `Info', you could do |
597 | 687 this: |
688 | |
689 (setq Info-directory (expand-file-name "~/Info")) | |
690 | |
1736 | 691 You will need a top-level Info file named `dir' in this directory. |
597 | 692 You can include the system-wide Info directory in your private Info |
693 directory with symbolic links or by copying it. | |
694 | |
1736 | 695 * You can use an enhanced version of lisp/info.el that handles multiple |
696 Info directories. Then you can more easily use a mix of private and | |
697 shared Info files. Dave Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com, | |
698 daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> has written one such enhancement and I | |
699 believe there are others. Dave's info.el also handles compressed Info | |
700 files. | |
701 | |
702 Anonymous FTP: | |
703 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:modes/info.el.Z | |
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704 /ftp.uu.net:languages/emacs-lisp/modes/info.el.Z ! |
1736 | 705 |
706 According to Jay Bourland <jayb@math.stanford.edu>, a version of Dave's | |
707 info.el comes with `xinfo' (see question 19). | |
708 | |
709 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
710 | |
711 NOTE: You can't get nice printed output from Info files; you must still | |
712 have the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
597 | 713 |
714 1. Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: | |
715 | |
716 \input texinfo | |
717 | |
1736 | 718 You may need to alter `texinfo' to the full pathname of the |
597 | 719 texinfo.tex file, which comes with Emacs as man/texinfo.tex (or copy |
720 or link it into the current directory). | |
721 | |
722 2. tex XXX.texinfo | |
723 | |
724 3. texindex XXX.?? | |
725 | |
1736 | 726 The `texindex' program comes with Emacs as man/texindex.c. |
597 | 727 |
728 4. tex XXX.texinfo | |
729 | |
730 5. Print the DVI file XXX.dvi in the normal way for printing DVI files | |
731 at your site. | |
732 | |
733 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
1736 | 734 mentioned in question 17. |
735 | |
736 19: Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs? | |
597 | 737 |
738 Yes, the `info', `xinfo', and `ivinfo' programs do this. info uses | |
1736 | 739 curses, xinfo uses standard X11 libraries, and ivinfo uses InterViews. |
740 You can get info as part of the latest Texinfo package (see question | |
741 17). xinfo is available separately: | |
742 | |
743 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.Z | |
744 /export.lcs.mit.edu: | |
745 | |
746 ivinfo is available in a comp.sources.misc archive or from Tom Horsley | |
747 <tom@ssd.csd.harris.com>. For ivinfo, you need Stanford's InterViews C++ | |
748 X library, available via anonymous FTP (interviews.stanford.edu). | |
749 | |
750 20: What informational files are available for GNU Emacs? | |
597 | 751 |
752 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
753 informational files about GNU Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU | |
754 project are available for you to read. | |
134 | 755 |
1736 | 756 The following files are available in the `etc' directory of the GNU |
134 | 757 Emacs distribution, and also the latest versions are available |
1736 | 758 individually via anonymous FTP (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/): |
597 | 759 |
760 APPLE -- Why the FSF doen't support GNU Emacs on Apple computers | |
134 | 761 DISTRIB -- GNU Emacs Availability Information, |
762 including the popular "Free Software Foundation Order Form" | |
763 FTP -- How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
764 GNU -- The GNU Manifesto | |
765 INTERVIEW -- Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain | |
766 UNIX-compatible software system | |
767 with BYTE editors | |
768 MACHINES -- Status of GNU Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
769 MAILINGLISTS -- GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
770 SERVICE -- GNU Service Directory | |
1736 | 771 SUN-SUPPORT -- including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" |
772 | |
773 These files are available in the `etc' directory of the GNU Emacs | |
134 | 774 distribution: |
775 | |
776 DIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and Twenex Emacs | |
777 CCADIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and CCA Emacs | |
778 GOSDIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and Gosling (Unipress??) Emacs | |
779 COPYING -- GNU Emacs General Public License | |
780 NEWS -- GNU Emacs News, a history of user-visible changes | |
597 | 781 LPF -- Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom |
782 FAQ -- GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions (You're reading it) | |
783 OPTIONS -- a complete explanation of startup option handling | |
784 | |
785 These files are available via anonymous FTP (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/): | |
786 | |
787 tasks -- GNU Task List | |
788 standards.text -- GNU Coding Standards | |
134 | 789 |
790 In addition, all of the above files are available directly from the FSF | |
791 via e-mail. Of course, please try to get them from a local source | |
792 first. | |
793 | |
597 | 794 These additional files are available from the FSF via e-mail: |
795 | |
796 * GNU's Bulletin, June, 1991 -- this file includes: | |
797 GNU'S Who | |
798 What Is the Free Software Foundation? | |
799 What Is Copyleft? | |
800 A Small Way to Help Free Software | |
801 GNUs Flashes (important recent developments for project GNU) | |
802 Free Software Support (and how to get it!) | |
803 Copyrighted Programming Languages | |
804 AT&T Threatens Users of X Windows (and other software patent threats) | |
805 Project Gutenberg | |
806 GNU Project Status Report | |
807 GNU in Japan | |
808 GNU Wish List | |
809 Help Keep Government Software Free | |
810 GNU Software Available Now | |
811 Contents of the Emacs Tape | |
812 Contents of the Compiler Tape | |
813 Contents of the X11 Tapes | |
814 VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes | |
815 GNU Documentation | |
816 How to Get GNU Software | |
817 Free Software for Microcomputers | |
818 GNU Software on Apple computers | |
819 GNU Software on the Amiga | |
820 GNU Software on the Atari | |
821 GNUish MS-DOS project | |
822 Freemacs, an Extensible Editor for MS-DOS | |
823 GNU in Japan | |
824 FSF Order Form | |
825 Thank GNUs | |
826 * Legal issues about contributing code to GNU | |
827 * GNU Project Status Report | |
828 | |
1736 | 829 A collection of past GNU's Bulletins is available via anonymous FTP: |
830 | |
831 /ftp.funet.fi:pub/gnu/Bulletins/ | |
832 | |
833 21: Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs? | |
834 | |
835 Look in etc/SERVICE for names of companies and individuals who will sell | |
836 you this type of service. An up-to-date version of the SERVICE file is | |
837 available on prep.ai.mit.edu (also see question 20). | |
838 | |
839 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? | |
597 | 840 |
841 The GNU Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
842 | |
1736 | 843 * Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your |
844 news spool, in both the gnu.emacs.help and comp.emacs newsgroups. Every | |
845 news reader of which I know will allow you to read any news article that | |
846 is still in the news spool, even if you have read the article before. | |
847 You may need to read the instructions for your news reader to discover | |
848 how to do this. In `rn', this command will do this for you at the | |
849 article selection level: | |
850 | |
851 ?GNU Emacs FAQ?rc:m | |
852 | |
853 In GNUS, you should type "C-u G" from the *Subject* buffer or "C-u SPC" | |
854 from the *Newsgroup* buffer to view all articles in a newsgroup. | |
855 | |
856 The FAQ articles' message IDs are: | |
857 | |
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858 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-0.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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859 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-1.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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860 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-2.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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861 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-3.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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862 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-4.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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863 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-5.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
1736 | 864 |
865 If you are viewing this in the GNUS *Article* buffer, you can move point | |
866 within one of the above message IDs and type "r" to fetch the referenced | |
867 article. Type "o" in the *Article* buffer to restore the previous | |
868 contents. If this text is not in the GNUS *Article* buffer, use M-r | |
869 from the *Subject* buffer instead. | |
870 | |
871 If the FAQ articles have expired and been deleted from your news spool, | |
872 it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news | |
873 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire before | |
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874 July 3, 1993. ! |
1736 | 875 |
876 * Via anonymous FTP. You can fetch the FAQ articles via anonymous FTP | |
877 | |
878 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/ part* | |
879 | |
880 * Via e-mail. You can send the following magical incantation in the body | |
881 of a message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu: | |
882 | |
883 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part0 | |
884 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
885 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
886 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
887 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
888 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
889 | |
890 * Via WAIS. The GNU Emacs FAQ is available via WAIS indexed on a | |
891 per-question basis from the `faq' database on bigbird.bu.edu on the | |
892 non-standard IP port number of 2210. This is probably the best way to | |
893 find out if there is something in the FAQ related to your question. I | |
894 use this myself to answer questions I see posted on gnu.emacs.help. | |
895 | |
896 The articles of the GNU Emacs FAQ are also available from the `usenet' | |
897 database on rtfm.mit.edu (on the standard IP port: 210), along with a | |
898 lot of other FAQ articles. However, these are all indexed at the whole | |
899 article level instead of at the question level. This is a better place | |
900 to look if you want to fetch the entire FAQ. | |
901 | |
902 * In the GNU Emacs distribution. Since GNU Emacs 18.56, the latest | |
903 available version of the FAQ at the time of release has been part of the | |
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904 GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ. 18.59 is the latest version, |
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905 and it was released in October 1992. |
1736 | 906 |
907 * There is an old version of the FAQ list available for FTP in the GNU | |
908 archives at MIT: | |
909 | |
910 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FAQ.emacs | |
911 | |
912 * As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
913 gnu-emacs-faq-maintainers@bigbird.bu.edu. Don't do this unless you have | |
914 made a serious effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods | |
915 listed above. | |
916 | |
597 | 917 |
918 | |
1736 | 919 Status of Emacs |
597 | 920 |
1736 | 921 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? |
922 | |
923 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he "picked | |
924 the name `Emacs' because `E' was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at | |
925 the time.". The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT by | |
926 RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector (originally Tape Editor | |
927 and COrrector)) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended TECO with | |
928 a "real-time" full screen mode with active keys. Emacs was started by Guy | |
929 Steele <gls@think.com> as a project to unify the many divergent TECO | |
930 command sets and keybindings at MIT. | |
931 | |
932 Many people have told me that TECO code looks a lot like line noise. See | |
933 alt.lang.teco if you are interested. I think someone has written a TECO | |
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934 implementation in Emacs Lisp. It would be an interesting project to run |
1736 | 935 the original TECO Emacs inside of GNU Emacs. |
936 | |
937 24: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs? | |
938 | |
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939 GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version. Fixes from 18.57 include better |
1736 | 940 mail address parsing, an X visual bell speedup, a call-process |
941 enhancement, a regexp matching change, the ability to apply a numeric | |
942 argument to a self-inserting digit, getting X resource values from the | |
943 RESOURCE_MANAGER property, more reliable shell mode job control, and a | |
944 change to copy-keymap. Also, support has been added for many new system | |
945 types. Fixes from 18.55 include the removal of arbitrary limits on the | |
946 undo facility. | |
947 | |
948 According to the January 1992 GNU's Bulletin, "Emacs 18 maintenance | |
949 continues for simple bug fixes.". | |
950 | |
951 To visit a file with information about what has changed in recent | |
952 versions, type "C-h n". | |
953 | |
954 25: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available? | |
955 | |
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956 Richard Stallman recently (February 19, 1993) posted in gnu.emacs.help ! |
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957 the following: ! |
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958 ! |
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959 People should keep in mind that the successor of Emacs 18 does not ! |
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960 come from Lucid. Its is GNU Emacs 19. I still can't say exactly when ! |
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961 public release is going to be, but we are about to start testing at a ! |
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962 number of sites. ! |
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963 ! |
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964 GNU Emacs 19 will support a broad spectrum of machines, like Emacs ! |
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965 18. Ensuring this is the purpose of the testing we are about to do. ! |
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966 ! |
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967 (Please don't volunteer; we have enough pretesters, and if more people ! |
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968 offer, dealing with those messages will slow things down.) ! |
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969 ! |
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970 Once we make sure it is indeed working reliably on various different ! |
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971 systems, we will have a public beta test release. ! |
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972 ! |
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973 Emacs 19 does support adding properties to ranges of text, and using ! |
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974 these to switch fonts. In the future, the Epoch people will help ! |
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975 merge support for variable-width fonts. ! |
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976 ! |
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977 Meanwhile, I have almost finished updating the Emacs Lisp manual. Its ! |
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978 next edition will describe Emacs 19. There will be an announcement ! |
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979 when we know when this edition will be available. ! |
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980 |
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981 Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.6, which is based on an early ! |
1736 | 982 unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19. This will be similar to Emacs 19 when |
983 it finally arrives, but they are not the same. See question 121. | |
984 | |
985 Work has begun on features for Emacs 20. | |
986 | |
987 26: What is different about GNU Emacs 19? | |
988 | |
989 From the January 1992 GNU's Bulletin: | |
990 | |
991 Version 19 will enter beta test late this year. Among its new features | |
992 are: before and after change hooks, source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp | |
993 programs, X selection processing (including clipboard selections), | |
994 scrollbars, support for European character sets, floating point numbers, | |
995 per-buffer mouse commands, X resource manager interfacing, | |
996 mouse-tracking, Lisp-level binding of function keys, multiple X windows | |
997 (`screens' to Emacs), a new input system, and buffer allocation, which | |
998 uses a new mechanism capable of returning storage to the system when a | |
999 buffer is killed. | |
1000 | |
1001 The input stream is now a sequence of Lisp objects, instead of a | |
1002 sequence of characters. This allows a reasonable representation for | |
1003 mouse clicks, function keys, menu selections, etc. | |
597 | 1004 |
1005 Thanks go to Alan Carroll and the people who worked on Epoch for | |
1736 | 1006 generating initial feedback to a multi-windowed Emacs, and to Eric |
1007 Raymond for help in polishing the Emacs 19 Lisp libraries. | |
1008 | |
1009 The June 1991 GNU's bulletin had this to say about future plans for Emacs: | |
597 | 1010 |
1011 Features being considered for later releases of Emacs include: | |
1012 associating property lists with regions of text in a buffer; multiple | |
1013 fonts, color, and pixmaps defined by those properties; different | |
1014 visibility conditions for the regions, and for various windows showing | |
1015 one buffer; hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a certain | |
1016 range; incrementally saving undo history in a file; static menu bars; | |
1017 and better pop-up menus. | |
1018 | |
1736 | 1019 Mention of this feature disappeared in the January 1992 GNU's bulletin: |
1020 | |
1021 Emacs 19 supports two styles of multiple windows, one with a separate | |
1022 screen for the minibuffer, and another with a minibuffer attached to | |
1023 each screen. | |
1024 | |
1025 Mention of these two proposed features disappeared in the January 1991 | |
1026 GNU's bulletin: | |
597 | 1027 |
1028 * Incremental syntax analysis for various programming languages (Leif). | |
134 | 1029 * A more sophisticated emacsclient/server model, which would provide |
1030 network transparent Emacs widget functionality. | |
1031 | |
1736 | 1032 27: What variants of GNU Emacs exist? |
1033 | |
1034 * Nemacs (Nihongo Emacs), which can handle Japanese text, is derived from | |
1035 GNU Emacs 18.55. See question 149. | |
1036 | |
1037 * Demacs, which can run under MS-DOS on 386 machines, is derived from | |
1038 Nemacs. See question 122. | |
1039 | |
1040 * Epoch, which has better X support, is derived from GNU Emacs 18.58. | |
1041 See question 120 and 92. | |
1042 | |
1043 * Nepoch (Nihongo Epoch), which can handle Japanese text, is derived from | |
1044 Epoch. | |
1045 | |
1046 * Mule (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle many | |
1047 character sets simultaneously. It is derived from Emacs 18.58. It is | |
1048 available for FTP: | |
1049 | |
1050 /sh.wide.ad.jp:/JAPAN/mule/ | |
1051 /etlport.etl.go.jp:/pub/mule/ | |
1052 | |
1053 * Lucid GNU Emacs is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs | |
1054 19. See question 121 and 92. | |
1055 | |
1056 | |
1057 | |
1058 GNU Emacs FAQ: Common Requests/Problems | |
1059 | |
1060 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
1061 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
1062 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
1063 | |
1064 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
1065 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
1066 | |
1067 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
1068 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
1069 deletions occurred. | |
1070 | |
1071 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
1072 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
1073 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
1074 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
1075 | |
1076 | |
1077 | |
1078 Common Things People Want To Do | |
1079 | |
1080 28: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? | |
1081 | |
1082 See `Init File' in the on-line manual. | |
1083 | |
1084 WARNING: In general, new Emacs users should not have .emacs files, because | |
1085 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1086 help-gnu-emacs asking why Emacs isn't behaving as documented. :-) | |
1087 | |
1088 29: How do I debug a .emacs file? | |
1089 | |
1090 First start Emacs with the `-q' command line option. Then, in the | |
1091 *scratch* buffer, type the following: | |
1092 | |
1093 (setq debug-on-error t) LFD | |
1094 (load-file "~/.emacs") LFD | |
1095 | |
1096 (Type LFD by pressing C-j.) | |
1097 | |
1098 If you have an error in your .emacs file, this will invoke the debugger | |
1099 when the error occurs. If you don't know how to use the debugger do | |
1100 (setq stack-trace-on-error t) instead. | |
1101 | |
1102 WARNING: this will not discover errors caused by trying to do something | |
1103 that requires the terminal/window-system initialization code to have | |
1104 been loaded. See question 127. | |
1105 | |
1106 30: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? | |
1107 | |
1108 To find out what line of the buffer you are on right now, do "M-x | |
1109 what-line". Use "M-x goto-line" to go to a specific line. To find the | |
1110 current column number, type "M-ESC (current-column)". | |
1111 | |
1112 Typing "C-x l" will also tell you what line you are on, provided the | |
1113 buffer isn't separated into "pages" with C-l characters. In that case, it | |
1114 will only tell you what line of the current "page" you are on. WARNING: | |
1115 "C-x l" gives the wrong value when point is at the beginning of a line. | |
1116 | |
1117 There is no "correct" way to constantly display the current (or total) | |
1118 line (or column) number on the mode line in Emacs 18, or to display the | |
1119 line numbers next to the lines like vi can. Emacs is not a line-oriented | |
1120 editor, and really has no idea what "lines" of the buffer are displayed in | |
1121 the window. It would require a lot of work at the C code level to make | |
1122 Emacs keep track of this. It would not be that hard to get the column | |
1123 number, but it would still require changes at the C code level. | |
1124 | |
1125 None of the vi emulation modes provide the `set number' capability of vi | |
1126 (as far as I know). | |
1127 | |
1128 Emacs 19 will probably be able to show the line number on the mode-line, | |
1129 but probably very inefficiently. | |
1130 | |
1131 People have written various kludges to display line numbers. One is | |
1132 `display-line-numbers' by Wayne Mesard <wmesard@tofu.oracle.com, | |
1133 Mesard@bbn.com>. Look in the Lisp Code Directory. (See question | |
1134 88.) | |
1135 | |
1136 31: How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? | |
1137 | |
1138 Put this in your .emacs file: | |
1139 | |
1140 (condition-case () | |
1141 (read-abbrev-file nil t) | |
1142 (file-error nil)) | |
1143 | |
1144 (setq XXX-mode-hook | |
1145 (function | |
1146 (lambda () | |
1147 (setq abbrev-mode t)))) | |
1148 | |
1149 32: How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default? | |
1150 | |
1151 To turn on Auto-Fill mode just once for one buffer, use "M-x | |
1152 auto-fill-mode". To turn it on for every buffer in, for example, Text | |
1153 mode, do this: | |
1154 | |
1155 (setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1156 | |
1157 If you want Auto-Fill mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1158 | |
1159 (setq-default auto-fill-hook 'do-auto-fill) | |
1160 | |
1161 33: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1162 | |
1163 If you want to use XXX mode for all files which end with the extension | |
1164 `.YYY', this will do it for you: | |
1165 | |
1166 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.YYY\\'" . XXX-mode) auto-mode-alist)) | |
1167 | |
1168 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
1169 edit in XXX mode: | |
1170 | |
1171 -*-XXX-*- | |
1172 | |
1173 34: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) | |
1174 characters? | |
1175 | |
1176 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1177 example, `\237', you can type "C-s C-q 2 3 7". (This assumes the value of | |
1178 search-quote-char is 17 (ie., C-q).) Searching for ALL unprintable | |
1179 characters is best done with a "regexp" search. The easiest regexp to use | |
1180 for the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the | |
1181 printable chars. | |
1182 | |
1183 Regexp for the printable chars: [\t\n\r\f -~] | |
1184 | |
1185 Regexp for the unprintable chars: [^\t\n\r\f -~] | |
1186 | |
1187 To type some of these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1188 isearch-forward-regexp or re-search-forward, you need to use C-q. (`\t', | |
1189 `\n', `\r', and `\f' stand respectively for TAB, LFD, RET, and C-l.) So, | |
1190 to search for unprintable characters using re-search-forward: | |
1191 | |
1192 M-x re-search-forward RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET | |
1193 | |
1194 Using isearch-forward-regexp: | |
1195 | |
1196 M-C-s [^ TAB RET C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] | |
1197 | |
1198 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use a replace-regexp: | |
1199 | |
1200 M-x replace-regexp RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET RET | |
1201 | |
1202 Replacing is similar to the above. {I need to write the text for this | |
1203 part of the answer!} | |
1204 | |
1205 Notes: | |
1206 | |
1207 * With isearch, you can type RET to get a quoted LFD (not a quoted RET). | |
1208 | |
1209 * You don't need to quote TAB with either isearch or typing something in | |
1210 the minibuffer. | |
1211 | |
1212 Here are the Emacs Lisp forms of the above regexps: | |
1213 | |
1214 ;; regexp matching all printable characters: | |
1215 "[\t\n\r\f -~]" | |
1216 | |
1217 ;; regexp matching all unprintable characters: | |
1218 "[^\t\n\r\f -~]" | |
1219 | |
1220 35: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1221 | |
1222 There are ways to get highlighting (reverse video, inverse video) in GNU | |
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1223 Emacs 18.59, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and |
1736 | 1224 rebuilding, or they are slow and the highlighting disappears if you scroll |
1225 or redraw the screen and it can not follow the point. Howard Gayle's | |
1226 patches for 8-bit output appear to allow highlighting (see question | |
1227 ^8-bit-output). Another patch for highlighting is by Kenichi Handa | |
1228 <handa@etl.go.jp>. There is a patch for use with X by Andy Norman | |
1229 <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> (and modified for 18.57 by Matthieu Herrb | |
1230 <matthieu@laas.fr>), which is available for FTP: | |
1231 | |
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1232 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.55 |
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1233 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.57 |
1736 | 1234 |
1235 You can highlight regions in a variety of ways in Epoch and Lucid Emacs. | |
1236 GNU Emacs 19 may not be able to just temporarily highlight a region. | |
1237 | |
1238 Similar comments apply to displaying text in different fonts, except that | |
1239 it is even harder. | |
1240 | |
1241 36: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1242 | |
1243 For searching, the value of the variable case-fold-search determines | |
1244 whether they are case sensitive: | |
1245 | |
1246 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1247 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1248 | |
1249 Similarly, for replacing the variable case-replace determines whether | |
1250 replacements preserve case. | |
1251 | |
1252 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1253 mode's hook. For example: | |
1254 | |
1255 (setq XXX-mode-hook | |
1256 (function | |
1257 (lambda () | |
1258 (setq case-fold-search nil)))) | |
1259 | |
1260 37: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1261 | |
1262 M-x auto-fill-mode. The default maximum line width is 74, determined by | |
1263 the variable fill-column. To find how to turn this on automatically see | |
1264 question 32. | |
1265 | |
1266 38: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1267 | |
1268 Use Ispell. See question 119. | |
1269 | |
1270 39: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? | |
1271 | |
1272 If you want to spell-check TeX or *roff documents with Ispell, you need to | |
1273 arrange for a filter program that understands how to strip TeX or *roff | |
1274 formatting commands to be run. In the TeX distribution, there are several | |
1275 different programs named `detex', all with incompatible options, and a | |
1276 very old pair of programs named `detex' and `delatex', which should | |
1277 probably be avoided. The most useful one for Ispell is `detex' by Daniel | |
1278 Trinkle. A more recent version is available via FTP: | |
1279 | |
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1280 /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.4.tar |
1736 | 1281 |
1282 Raphael Cerf <cerf@clipper.ens.fr> recently released a program for this | |
1283 named `xetal': | |
1284 | |
1285 /spi.ens.fr:pub/unix/tex/ | |
1286 | |
1287 There is a program that comes with Unix named `deroff' for stripping | |
1288 formatting commands from *roff files. | |
1289 | |
1290 Here is an example of code you can put in a .emacs file to use these | |
1291 programs: | |
1292 | |
1293 ;; Based on suggestions by David G. Grubbs <dgg@ksr.com> and Paul Palmer | |
1294 ;; <palmerp@math.orst.edu>. | |
1295 | |
1296 ;; Assuming the use of detex 2.3 by Daniel Trinkle: | |
1297 ;; -w means one word per line. | |
1298 ;; -n means don't expand \input or \include commands. | |
1299 ;; -l means force LaTeX mode. | |
1300 | |
1301 (require 'ispell) ; for the make-variable-buffer-local statements | |
1302 (setq plain-TeX-mode-hook | |
1303 (function | |
1304 (lambda () | |
1305 (setq ispell-filter-hook "detex") | |
1306 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-nw"))))) | |
1307 (setq LaTeX-mode-hook | |
1308 (function | |
1309 (lambda () | |
1310 (setq ispell-filter-hook "detex") | |
1311 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-lnw"))))) | |
1312 (setq nroff-mode-hook | |
1313 (function | |
1314 (lambda () | |
1315 (setq ispell-filter-hook "deroff") | |
1316 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-w"))))) | |
1317 | |
1318 You will have to adjust the arguments for programs other than Trinkle's | |
1319 detex or for other versions of deroff. Experiment running the command | |
1320 from the shell to find the correct options. If you don't have a filter | |
1321 that knows how to output one word per line, you must pipe its output | |
1322 through another filter to break up the output. | |
1323 | |
1324 40: How do I change load-path? | |
1325 | |
1326 In general, you should only *add* to the load-path. You can add | |
1327 directory /XXX/YYY to the load path like this: | |
1328 | |
1329 (setq load-path (append load-path '("/XXX/YYY/"))) | |
1330 | |
1331 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1332 | |
1333 (setq load-path (append load-path (list (expand-file-name "~/YYY/")))) | |
1334 | |
1335 41: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1336 | |
1337 The `emacsclient' program is for editing a file using an already running | |
1338 Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does this by sending a | |
1339 request to the already running Emacs, which must be expecting the request. | |
1340 | |
1341 * Setup | |
1342 | |
1343 Emacs must have executed the `server-start' function for emacsclient to | |
1344 work. This can be done either by a command line option: | |
1345 | |
1346 emacs -f server-start | |
1347 | |
1348 or by invoking server-start from the .emacs file: | |
1349 | |
1350 (if (some conditions are met) (server-start)) | |
1351 | |
1352 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called | |
1353 `server'. `server' creates a Unix domain socket in the user's home | |
1354 directory named `.emacs_server'. | |
1355 | |
1356 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke emacsclient, try | |
1357 setting the environment variable EDITOR (or sometimes VISUAL) to the | |
1358 value `emacsclient'. You may have to specify the full pathname of the | |
1359 emacsclient program instead. Examples: | |
1360 | |
1361 # csh commands: | |
1362 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1363 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient # using full pathname | |
1364 | |
1365 # sh command: | |
1366 EDITOR=emacsclient export EDITOR | |
1367 | |
1368 * Normal use | |
1369 | |
1370 When emacsclient is run, it connects to the `.emacs_server' socket and | |
1371 passes its command line options to `server'. When `server' receives | |
1372 these requests, it sends this information on the the Emacs process, | |
1373 which at the next opportunity will visit the files specified. (Line | |
1374 numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The user will have to | |
1375 switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is done editing a | |
1376 file, the user can type "C-x #" to indicate this. This will switch to | |
1377 another buffer created at the request of emacsclient if there are any. | |
1378 When "C-x #" has been invoked on all of the files that the emacsclient | |
1379 requested to be edited, Emacs will send notification of this to `server' | |
1380 which will pass this on to the emacsclient, which will then exit. | |
1381 | |
1382 NOTE: `emacsclient' and `server' must be running on machines which share | |
1383 the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that emacsclient | |
1384 specifies should be correct for the filesystem that the Emacs process | |
1385 sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at the time emacsclient | |
1386 is invoked. emacsclient should either be invoked from another X window or | |
1387 from a shell window inside Emacs itself. | |
1388 | |
1389 There is an enhanced version of emacsclient/server called `gnuserv' by | |
1390 Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> which is available in the Emacs Lisp | |
1391 Archive. gnuserv uses Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most | |
1392 network connections. It also supports the execution of arbitrary Emacs | |
1393 Lisp forms and also does not require the client program to wait for | |
1394 completion. It is available via anonymous FTP (Emacs Lisp Archive: | |
1395 packages/gnuserv.shar). | |
1396 | |
1397 42: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1398 | |
1399 Write a program which runs the compiler as a child and filters its output, | |
1400 rearranging as necessary. Install with same name as compiler somewhere in | |
1401 path. | |
1402 | |
1403 Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote one such for a C compiler under AIX. | |
1404 Available via FTP: | |
1405 | |
1406 /cs.utk.edu:readonly/aixcc.lex | |
1407 | |
1408 Jim Frost <jimf@saber.com> wrote another for the IBM xlc compiler on the | |
1409 RS/6000. (I don't know if these are both for the same compiler.) | |
1410 Johnathan Vail <vail@tegra.COM> wrote something for a High C compiler | |
1411 (`hc', which is one of the compilers on the RS/6000, although I think | |
1412 Johnathan wrote his program for hc on a different computer). | |
1413 | |
1414 43: How do I indent switch statements like this? | |
1415 | |
1416 Many people want to indent their switch statements like this: | |
1417 | |
1418 f() | |
1419 { | |
1420 switch(x) { | |
1421 case A: | |
1422 x1; | |
1423 break; | |
1424 case B: | |
1425 x2; | |
1426 break; | |
1427 default: | |
1428 x3; | |
1429 } | |
1430 } | |
1431 | |
1432 I don't believe there is any way to do this exactly without modifying the | |
1433 Lisp code in c-mode.el. You can set c-indent-level to 4 and | |
1434 c-label-offset to -2, but this has bad effects elsewhere. {Anyone have a | |
1435 solution?} | |
1436 | |
1437 44: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? | |
1438 | |
1439 There is no completely correct way of doing this that does not involve | |
1440 rewriting all commands or writing your own top-level command loop (not a | |
1441 completely bad idea). Wayne Mesard <wmesard@pescadero.stanford.edu> has | |
1442 written a particularly advanced kludge called `hscroll.el' that checks | |
1443 once a second to make sure point is visible. | |
1444 | |
1445 45: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
1446 | |
1447 M-x overwrite-mode (a minor mode). | |
1448 | |
1449 46: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1450 | |
1451 Martin R. Frank <martin@cc.gatech.edu> writes: | |
1452 | |
1453 Tell Emacs to use the 'visible bell' instead of the audible bell, and | |
1454 set the visible bell to nothing. | |
1455 | |
1456 Put this in your TERMCAP environment variable: | |
1457 | |
1458 ... :vb=: ... | |
1459 | |
1460 And evaluate this: | |
1461 | |
1462 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1463 | |
1464 47: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? | |
1465 | |
1466 Under versions of Emacs before 18.58, the bell volume was annoying loud | |
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1467 and difficult to turn off. So upgrading to 18.58 or higher will reduce |
1736 | 1468 the volume. If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'. There is |
1469 no way to turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other | |
1470 programs. | |
1471 | |
1472 Under Epoch you can do: | |
1473 | |
1474 (setq epoch::bell-volume 20) | |
1475 | |
1476 Stu Grossman <grossman@sunburn.stanford.edu> wrote a patch that allows the | |
1477 bell volume to be adjusted from inside Emacs just for Emacs. | |
1478 | |
1479 48: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the | |
1480 indentation of the previous line? | |
1481 | |
1482 One solution is Indented Text Mode (M-x indented-text-mode). | |
1483 | |
1484 If you have Auto-Fill mode on (a minor mode, see question 32), you can | |
1485 tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain character sequence, the | |
1486 "fill prefix". Type the prefix at the beginning of a line, position point | |
1487 after it, and then type "C-x ." (set-fill-prefix) to set the fill prefix. | |
1488 Thereafter, auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the | |
1489 beginning of new lines, and M-q (fill-paragraph) will maintain any fill | |
1490 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1491 | |
1492 NOTE: If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you | |
1493 will have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move | |
1494 to a new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
1495 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive. Look up `fill' and `indent' in the | |
1496 Lisp Code Directory for guidance. | |
1497 | |
1498 49: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1499 | |
1500 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
1501 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will blink the cursor on the matching | |
1502 parenthesis. | |
1503 | |
1504 M-C-f (forward-sexp) and M-C-b (backward-sexp) will skip over balanced | |
1505 parentheses, so you can see which parentheses match. (You can train it to | |
1506 skip over balanced brackets and braces at the same time by modifying the | |
1507 syntax table.) | |
1508 | |
1509 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the % key show the matching | |
1510 parenthesis, like in vi. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a | |
1511 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. | |
1512 | |
1513 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
1514 | |
1515 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
1516 | |
1517 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
1518 "Go to the matching parenthesis if on parenthesis otherwise insert %." | |
1519 (interactive "p") | |
1520 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
1521 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
1522 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
1523 | |
1524 50: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef | |
1525 commands are handled by the compiler? | |
1526 | |
1527 M-x hide-ifdef-mode. (This is a minor mode.) | |
1528 | |
1529 You may have to (load "hideif") first. If you want to do this regularly, | |
1530 put this in your .emacs file: | |
1531 | |
1532 (autoload 'hide-ifdef-mode "hideif" nil t) | |
1533 | |
1534 {Yes, I know, this should be in lisp/loaddefs.el already.} | |
1535 | |
1536 51: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? | |
1537 | |
1538 (`.' is the redo command in vi. It redoes the last insertion/deletion.) | |
1539 | |
1540 No, not really. | |
1541 | |
1542 You can type "C-x ESC" (repeat-complex-command) to reinvoke commands that | |
1543 used the minibuffer to get arguments. In repeat-complex-command you can | |
1544 type M-p and M-n to scan through all the different complex commands you've | |
1545 typed. | |
1546 | |
1547 To repeat something on each line I recommend using keyboard macros. | |
1548 | |
1549 52: What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
1550 | |
1551 See the Emacs man page, or the etc/OPTIONS file. Ignore the information | |
1552 in etc/XDOC which is way out of date. | |
1553 | |
1554 53: How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
1555 | |
1556 There are a number of ways to execute (called "evaluate") an Emacs Lisp | |
1557 "form": | |
1558 | |
1559 * If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
1560 named `.emacs' in your home directory. | |
1561 | |
1562 * You can type the form in the *scratch* buffer, and then type LFD (or | |
1563 C-j) after it. The result of evaluating the form will be inserted in | |
1564 the buffer. | |
1565 | |
1566 * In Emacs-Lisp mode, typing M-C-x evaluates a top-level form before or | |
1567 around point. | |
1568 | |
1569 * Typing "C-x C-e" in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
1570 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
1571 | |
1572 * Typing M-ESC or M-x eval-expression allows you to type a Lisp form in | |
1573 the minibuffer which will be evaluated. | |
1574 | |
1575 * You can use M-x load-file to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp forms in | |
1576 a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function `load' instead.) | |
1577 | |
1578 These functions are also used for evaluating Lisp forms: | |
1579 | |
1580 load-library, eval-region, eval-current-buffer, require, autoload | |
1581 | |
1582 54: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? | |
1583 | |
1584 Example: (setq default-tab-width 10). | |
1585 | |
1586 55: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? | |
1587 | |
1588 Type "M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET > RET". | |
1589 | |
1590 To do this only in the region, type "C-x n M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET | |
1591 > RET C-x w". | |
1592 | |
1593 WARNING: The command narrow-to-region (C-x n) is disabled by default | |
1594 because it can be very confusing (ie., "Oh no! Where did my file go?"). | |
1595 | |
1596 56: How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an | |
1597 underlined paragraph? | |
1598 | |
1599 M-x underline-region. | |
1600 | |
1601 57: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
1602 | |
1603 Use "C-x (" and "C-x )" to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command | |
1604 and then type "M-0 C-x e". | |
1605 | |
1606 WARNING: any messages your command prints in the echo area will be | |
1607 suppressed. | |
1608 | |
1609 58: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor | |
1610 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
1611 | |
1612 M-x picture-mode. (This is a minor mode, in theory anyway ...) | |
1613 | |
1614 59: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
1615 | |
1616 You need to modify C source and recompile. Either that or get Epoch or | |
1617 Lucid Emacs instead. Patches have been written by Robert Forsman | |
1618 <thoth@reef.cis.ufl.edu> and Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> to allow Emacs to | |
1619 iconify itself and by Matt Wette <mwette@mr-ed.jpl.nasa.gov> and | |
1620 Manavendra K. Thakur <thakur@zerkalo.harvard.edu> (for 18.57, plus icon | |
1621 geometry) to allow Emacs to start up iconified. I don't know which of | |
1622 these patches work together. | |
1623 | |
1624 Anonymous FTP: | |
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1625 /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emax.patch1 (Matt Wette) |
1736 | 1626 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z (Johan Vromans) |
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1627 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun (Johan Vromans) |
1736 | 1628 |
1629 60: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
1630 | |
1631 See `Regexps' in the online manual. | |
1632 | |
1633 WARNING: The "or" operator is `\|', not `|', and the grouping operators | |
1634 are `\(' and `\)'. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is "\\". | |
1635 Thus, the string syntax for a regular expression like xxx\(foo\|bar\) is | |
1636 "xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)". Notice the duplicated backslashes! | |
1637 | |
1638 WARNING: Unlike in Unix grep, sed, etc., a complement character set | |
1639 ([^...]) can match a newline character (LFD aka C-j aka \n), unless | |
1640 newline is mentioned as one of the characters not to match. | |
1641 | |
1642 WARNING: The character syntax regexps (eg. `\sw') are not meaningful | |
1643 inside character set regexps (eg. `[aeiou]'). (This is actually typical | |
1644 for regexp syntax.) | |
1645 | |
1646 61: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
1647 | |
1648 The "tags" feature of Emacs includes the command tags-query-replace which | |
1649 performs a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the TAGS file. | |
1650 See `Tags:Tags Search' in the online manual. | |
1651 | |
1652 In addition, Martin Boyer has written a package named global-replace which | |
1653 will perform a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the | |
1654 *compilation* buffer (usually done after a `grep'), which is available via | |
1655 anonymous FTP: | |
1656 | |
1657 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/compile.el.Z | |
1658 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/global-replace.el.Z | |
1659 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/query.el.Z | |
1660 | |
1661 62: Where is the documentation for `etags'? | |
1662 | |
1663 `etags' takes options just like a prior version of ctags, so your ctags | |
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1664 manual (if any) may be useful. Eoin Woods, in comp.emacs, writes the ! |
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1665 following: ! |
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1666 ! |
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1667 From reading the source (!) the way I use it is: ! |
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1668 ! |
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1669 for f in `find <args>` ! |
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1670 do ! |
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1671 etags -at -f ETAGS $f ! |
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1672 done ! |
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1673 ! |
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1674 The "-t" option means to create tags for typedefs as well as functions. ! |
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1675 The "-a" option tells it to append to the output file. If you have a ! |
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1676 small number of files (up to a few hundred I think) you can use it ! |
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1677 direct as: ! |
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1678 ! |
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1679 etags -f ETAGS file1 file2 file3 ... filen ! |
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1680 ! |
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1681 The option list is: ! |
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1682 ! |
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1683 -f file - Specify the output file name (Default is "TAGS") ! |
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1684 -a - Append to the output file. (Default is to rewrite it) ! |
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1685 -t - Create tags for typedefs (default is just functions) ! |
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1686 -u - Update the output file. Do not re-create it. ! |
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1687 -w - Suppress warnings ! |
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1688 -v - Create vgrind style indexed output (What is vgrind??) ! |
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1689 -x - Create cxref style output (default is Emacs Tags) ! |
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1690 -e - Emacs tags style output (the default the way I ! |
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1691 compile it) ! |
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1692 ! |
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1693 Having got it working, it works fine! ! |
1736 | 1694 |
1695 | |
1696 | |
1697 Bugs/Problems | |
1698 | |
1699 63: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
1700 | |
1701 Most installed versions of GNU Emacs will use 24-bit signed integers (and | |
1702 24-bit pointers) internally. This limits the file size that Emacs can | |
1703 handle to 8,388,607 bytes (2^23 - 1). | |
1704 | |
1705 Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@lucid.com> suggests putting the following two | |
1706 lines in src/config.h before compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers | |
1707 and pointers (and thus filesizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): | |
1708 | |
1709 #define VALBITS 26 | |
1710 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
1711 | |
1712 WARNING: This method may result in `ILLEGAL DATATYPE' and other random | |
1713 errors on some machines. | |
1714 | |
1715 David Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> gives an explanation of why | |
1716 Emacs uses 24 bit integers and pointers: | |
1717 | |
1718 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
1719 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
1720 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value must | |
1721 carry a "tag" along with it identifying what kind of thing it is, eg., | |
1722 integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and so on. | |
1723 Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the top 8 | |
1724 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So integers (and | |
1725 pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C integers and | |
1726 pointers. | |
1727 | |
1728 Emacs uses 8-bit tags because that's a little faster on byte-oriented | |
1729 machines, but there are only really enough tags to require 6 bits. | |
1730 | |
1731 64: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup? | |
1732 | |
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1733 The PWD bug has been fixed as of GNU Emacs 18.59. Read on if you are |
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1734 running an older version of Emacs. |
1736 | 1735 |
1736 Most likely, you have an environment variable named PWD that is set to a | |
1737 value other than the name of your current directory. This is most | |
1738 likely caused by using two different shell programs. `ksh' and (some | |
1739 versions of) `csh' set and maintain the value of the PWD environment | |
1740 variable, but `sh' doesn't. If you start sh from ksh, change your | |
1741 current directory inside sh, and then start Emacs from inside sh, PWD | |
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1742 will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value. An invalid |
8ea617fb9603
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1736
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|
1743 setting for PWD can also be a problem if you use X Windows and csh on an |
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|
1744 RS/6000. See the etc/OPTIONS file for more details. |
1736 | 1745 |
1746 Perhaps an easier solution is not to use two shells. The `chsh' program | |
1747 can often be used to change one's default login shell. | |
1748 | |
1749 You may have PWD set for other reasons. Another possibility is that you | |
1750 are setting default-directory from your .emacs file. | |
1751 | |
1752 Here is a fix by Jim Blandy <jimb@occs.cs.oberlin.edu>: | |
1753 | |
1754 >--- emacs/jjj/emacs-18.58/lisp/startup.el Tue Jan 15 23:19:04 1991 | |
1755 >+++ startup.el Mon Apr 20 00:21:01 1992 | |
1756 >@@ -81,5 +81,7 @@ | |
1757 > ;; In presence of symlinks, switch to cleaner form of default directory. | |
1758 > (if (and (not (eq system-type 'vax-vms)) | |
1759 >- (getenv "PWD")) | |
1760 >+ (getenv "PWD") | |
1761 >+ (equal (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes default-directory)) | |
1762 >+ (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes (getenv "PWD"))))) | |
1763 > (setq default-directory (file-name-as-directory (getenv "PWD")))) | |
1764 > (unwind-protect | |
1765 | |
1766 65: How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer? | |
1767 | |
1768 For tcsh, put this in your `.cshrc' (or `.tcshrc') file: | |
1769 | |
1770 if ($?EMACS) then | |
1771 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
1772 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
1773 stty nl | |
1774 endif | |
1775 endif | |
1776 | |
1777 Or put this in your .emacs_tcsh file: | |
1778 | |
1779 unset edit | |
1780 stty nl | |
1781 | |
1782 Alternatively, use csh in your Shell buffers instead of tcsh. One way | |
1783 is: | |
1784 | |
1785 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
1786 | |
1787 and another is to do this in your .cshrc (or .tcshrc) file: | |
1788 | |
1789 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
1790 | |
1791 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly | |
1792 set for this to take effect.) | |
1793 | |
1794 66: Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'? | |
1795 | |
1796 The most likely reason for this message is that the `env' program is not | |
1797 properly installed. This program should be compiled (for the correct | |
1798 architecture!) and installed with execute permission for everyone in | |
1799 Emacs's program directory, which is normally /usr/local/emacs/etc. You | |
1800 can find what this directory is at your site by inspecting the value of | |
1801 the variable exec-directory by typing "C-h v exec-directory RET". `env' | |
1802 should also be for the correct architecture (check using `file' command). | |
1803 | |
1804 You should also check for other programs named `env' in your path (eg., | |
1805 SunOS has a program named /usr/bin/env). I don't understand why this can | |
1806 cause a failure and I don't know a general solution for working around the | |
1807 problem in this case. | |
1808 | |
1809 The `make clean' command will remove `env' and other vital programs, so be | |
1810 careful when using it. | |
1811 | |
1812 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
1813 as an X client from an xterm window (ie. had a controlling tty) but the | |
1814 xterm was later terminated. | |
1815 | |
1816 See also etc/PROBLEMS for other possible causes of this message. | |
1817 | |
1818 67: Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs? | |
1819 | |
1820 Emacs stores things you "cut" in the X "cut buffers". It also pastes from | |
1821 the cut buffer `CUT_BUFFER0'. This is obsolete. Most modern X programs | |
1822 now expect to work with "selections" instead of cut buffers, although some | |
1823 like `xterm' will try to use the cut buffers if the selection is null. | |
1824 | |
1825 Emacs 18.58 contains a "fix" that makes xterm work by default. This | |
1826 "fix" is that Emacs clears the `PRIMARY' selection when it stores | |
1827 something in the cut buffer. By making the selection null, xterm will | |
1828 then fetch from the cut buffer when you try to paste. | |
1829 | |
1830 For versions of Emacs prior to 18.58, you can make pasting from Emacs into | |
1831 xterm work with the following X resources: | |
1832 | |
1833 ! Solution by Thomas Narten, should work under X11R3 and later GNU | |
1834 ! Emacs only copies to CUT_BUFFER0. xterm by default wants to paste | |
1835 ! from the PRIMARY selection. | |
1836 XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
1837 ~Meta <Btn2Up>: insert-selection(CUT_BUFFER0,PRIMARY) | |
1838 | |
1839 You may have problems copying between Emacs and programs other than xterm | |
1840 that won't store cut text in the cut buffers or look in the cut buffers | |
1841 for text to paste (for backwards compatibility with obsolete applications | |
1842 like Emacs :-). The best workaround is to use the `xcutsel' program as an | |
1843 intermediary. | |
1844 | |
1845 This problem does not exist for Epoch or Lucid Emacs. | |
1846 | |
1847 68: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'? | |
1848 | |
1849 The termcap entry for terminal type `emacs' is ordinarily put in the | |
1850 TERMCAP environment variable of subshells. It may help in certain | |
1851 situations (eg., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an entry for | |
1852 `emacs' to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a correct termcap entry | |
1853 for `emacs': | |
1854 | |
1855 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
1856 | |
1857 To make a terminfo entry for `emacs', use `tic' or `captoinfo'. You need | |
1858 to generate /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. It may work to simply copy | |
1859 /usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb to /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. | |
1860 | |
1861 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
1862 programs in shell buffers. Use M-x terminal-emulator for that instead. | |
1863 | |
1864 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
1865 change terminal type `emacs' to type `dumb' or `unknown' in your shell | |
1866 start up file. `csh' users could put this in their .cshrc files: | |
1867 | |
1868 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
1869 | |
1870 69: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping? | |
1871 | |
1872 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
1873 sending C-s and C-q for flow control, and Emacs is receiving these | |
1874 characters and interpreting them as commands. (The C-s character normally | |
1875 invokes the isearch-forward command.) For possible solutions, see | |
1876 question 131. | |
1877 | |
1878 70: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
1879 | |
1880 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
1881 gethostbyname than the rest of the programs on the machine. This is often | |
1882 manifested as a message on startup of `X server not responding. Check | |
1883 your DISPLAY environment variable.' or a message of `Unknown host' from | |
1884 open-network-stream. | |
1885 | |
1886 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
1887 library. The version of gethostbyname in the static C library may only | |
1888 look in /etc/hosts and the NIS (YP) maps, while the version in the dynamic | |
1889 C library may be smart enough to check DNS in addition to or instead of | |
1890 NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V R3.6, the version of | |
1891 gethosbyname in the standard library works, but the one that works with | |
1892 NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). Other operating systems have | |
1893 similar problems. | |
1894 | |
1895 Try these options: | |
1896 | |
1897 * Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to /etc/hosts. | |
1898 | |
1899 * Relink Emacs with this line in src/config.h: | |
1900 | |
1901 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
1902 | |
1903 * Replace gethostbyname and friends in libc.a with more useful versions | |
1904 such as the ones in libresolv.a. Then relink Emacs. | |
1905 | |
1906 * If you are actually running NIS, make sure that `ypbind' is properly | |
1907 told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. | |
1908 | |
1909 * Use tcp.el and tcp.c from GNUS. This has the additional advantage that | |
1910 you can use numeric IP addresses instead of names. open-network-stream | |
1911 currently can't handle numeric addresses. Brian Thomson | |
1912 <thomson@hub.toronto.edu> has a enhancement to open-network-stream to | |
1913 allow it to handle numeric addresses. | |
1914 | |
1915 71: Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'? | |
1916 | |
1917 An error occurred while loading either your .emacs file or the system-wide | |
1918 lisp/default.el file. For information on how to debug your .emacs file, | |
1919 see question 29. | |
1920 | |
1921 It may be the case that you may need to load some package first, or use a | |
1922 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case of | |
1923 this is explained in question 127. | |
1924 | |
1925 72: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? | |
1926 | |
1927 * Try compiling Emacs with the XBACKWARDS macro defined. There is a bug | |
1928 in some implementations of XGetDefault, which do not correspond to the | |
1929 documentation or the header files. | |
1930 | |
1931 * Make sure you are either using the class name of `Emacs' (oops, | |
1932 apparently this is buggy in Emacs 18.58!) or the correct instance name. | |
1933 The instance name is normally the same as the name of the file Emacs is | |
1934 in (ie., the last part of argv[0]), but this can be overridden by -rn | |
1935 command line option or the WM_RES_NAME environment variable. | |
1936 | |
1937 WARNING: Reports say using the class name fails in Emacs 18.58. | |
1938 | |
1939 WARNING: The advice the man page gives to use `emacs' is often wrong. | |
1940 | |
1941 WARNING: Older versions of Emacs got the class name wrong. | |
1942 | |
1943 * Emacs currently ignores the -xrm command line argument. | |
1944 | |
1945 * Emacs does not yet handle X11R5 screen-specific resources. | |
1946 | |
1947 * Emacs has a bug where it ignores color specifications if running on a | |
1948 1-bit display (ie. a non-color display). | |
1949 | |
1950 * I don't think Emacs will use either of the application-specific resource | |
1951 files. Thus these environment variables don't affect it: XAPPLRESDIR, | |
1952 XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, XFILESEARCHPATH. {Correct?} | |
1953 | |
1954 73: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? | |
1955 | |
1956 The usual cause is that the master lock file, `!!!SuperLock!!!' has been | |
1957 left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. | |
1958 | |
1959 Mark Meuer <meuer@geom.umn.edu> says that NeXT NFS has a bug where an | |
1960 exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This can cause the | |
1961 same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work over NFS anyway, | |
1962 the best solution is to recompile Emacs with CLASH_DETECTION undefined. | |
1963 | |
1964 74: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? | |
1965 | |
1966 When entering a filename in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand | |
1967 a `$' followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress this | |
1968 behavior, type "$$" instead. | |
1969 | |
1970 75: Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
1971 | |
1972 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its directory. | |
1973 This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to guess by | |
1974 recognizing `cd' commands. If you type `cd' followed by a directory name | |
1975 with a variable reference (`cd $HOME/bin') or with a shell metacharacter | |
1976 (`cd ../lib*'), Emacs will fail to correctly guess the shell's new current | |
1977 directory. A huge variety of fixes and enhancements to Shell mode for | |
1978 this problem have been written to handle this problem. Check the Lisp | |
1979 Code Directory (see question 88). | |
1980 | |
1981 76: Why doesn't my change to load-path work? | |
1982 | |
1983 If you added a directory name containing a tilde (~) to your load-path, | |
1984 expecting the tilde to be interpreted as your home directory, then you | |
1985 need to do something like this: | |
1986 | |
1987 (setq load-path (mapcar 'expand-file-name load-path)) | |
1988 | |
1989 77: Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or | |
1990 down one line? | |
1991 | |
1992 You have inadvertently typed "C-x C-n" (set-goal-column) which sets the | |
1993 "goal column" to the column where the cursor was. To undo this type | |
1994 "C-u C-x C-n". | |
1995 | |
1996 If you make this mistake frequently, you might want to unbind or disable | |
1997 this command by doing one of these two: | |
1998 | |
1999 (define-key ctl-x-map "\C-n" nil) | |
2000 (put 'set-goal-column 'disabled t) | |
2001 | |
2002 78: Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4? | |
2003 | |
2004 Many different X errors can produce this message. Here is the solution | |
2005 to one problem: | |
2006 | |
2007 X11 Release 4 (and later, including OpenWindows) enforces some conditions | |
2008 in the X protocol that were previously allowed to pass unnoticed. You | |
2009 need to put the X11R4 server into X11R3 bug compatibility mode for Emacs's | |
2010 Xmenu code to work. You can do this with the command `xset bc'. | |
2011 | |
2012 79: Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line | |
2013 anymore? | |
2014 | |
2015 In GNU Emacs 18.56, a change was made in the display-time code. | |
2016 Formerly, in version 18.55, Emacs used a program named `loadst' to | |
2017 notify Emacs of the change in time every minute. loadst also sent Emacs | |
2018 the system load average if it was installed with sufficient privilege to | |
2019 get that information (or was on a system where no such privilege was | |
2020 needed). Emacs then displayed this information in the mode line. | |
2021 | |
2022 In version 18.56, this code was changed to use a program named `wakeup'. | |
2023 wakeup doesn't send Emacs any information, it's only purpose is to send | |
2024 Emacs *something* every minute, thus invoking the filter function in | |
2025 Emacs once a minute. The filter function in Emacs does all the work of | |
2026 finding the time, date, and load average. However, getting the load | |
2027 average requires the privilege to read kernel memory on most systems. | |
2028 Since giving Emacs this privilege would destroy any security a system | |
2029 might have, for almost everyone this is not an option. In addition, | |
2030 Emacs does not have the code built into it to get this information on | |
2031 the systems which have special system calls for this purpose, even | |
2032 though loadst had code for this. | |
2033 | |
2034 The solution I use is to get the files lisp/display-time.el and | |
2035 etc/loadst.c from version 18.55 and use those with 18.58. (I have heard | |
2036 a rumor that loadst disappeared because of the legal action Unipress | |
2037 threatened against IBM.) | |
2038 | |
2039 WARNING: Do not install Emacs setgid kmem unless you wish to destroy | |
2040 any security your system might have!!!!!!!!!! | |
2041 | |
2042 If you are using Emacs 18.55 or earlier, or already using the solution I | |
2043 describe above, read further: | |
2044 | |
2045 The most likely cause of the problem is that `loadst' can't read the | |
2046 special file /dev/kmem. To properly install loadst, it should be either | |
2047 setuid to the owner of /dev/kmem, or is should be setgid to the group to | |
2048 which /dev/kmem belongs. In either case, /dev/kmem should be readable by | |
2049 its owner or its group, respectively. Assuming the existence of a group | |
2050 named `kmem', here is an example of how to do this: | |
2051 | |
2052 chgrp kmem /dev/kmem | |
2053 chmod g+r /dev/kmem | |
2054 chgrp kmem /usr/local/emacs/etc/loadst | |
2055 chmod g+s /usr/local/emacs/etc/loadst | |
2056 | |
2057 Another possibility is that your version of Unix doesn't have the load | |
2058 average data available in /dev/kmem. Your version of Unix might have a | |
2059 special system call to retrieve this information (eg., inq_stats under | |
2060 UMAX), and loadst might not have been enhanced to cope with this. | |
2061 | |
2062 80: Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary? | |
2063 | |
2064 You need to update the version of Ispell to 2.0.02. (Or you can switch to | |
2065 version 3.0 which is still in beta-testing.) A patch is available via | |
2066 anonymous FTP: | |
2067 | |
2068 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/ispell/patch2.Z | |
2069 | |
2070 You also need to change a line in ispell.el from: | |
2071 | |
2072 (defconst ispell-version "2.0.01") ; Check against output of "ispell -v". | |
2073 | |
2074 to: | |
2075 | |
2076 (defconst ispell-version "2.0.02") ; Check against output of "ispell -v". | |
2077 | |
2078 81: Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word? | |
2079 | |
2080 Ispell expects to get its input one word per line. The ispell filter, | |
2081 which is specified by the variables ispell-filter-hook and | |
2082 ispell-filter-hook-args, should output at most one word per line. | |
2083 | |
2084 82: Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs? | |
2085 | |
2086 * the `movemail' incident (No, this is not a risk.) | |
2087 | |
2088 Cliff Stoll in his book `The Cuckoo's Egg' describes this in chapter 4. | |
2089 The site at LBL had installed the `etc/movemail' program setuid root. | |
2090 Since `movemail' had not been designed for this situation, a security | |
3591
507f64624555
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parents:
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diff
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|
2091 hole was created and users could get root privileges. |
1736 | 2092 |
2093 `movemail' has since been changed so that even if it is installed setuid | |
2094 root this security hole will not be a result. | |
2095 | |
2096 I have heard unverified reports that the Internet worm took advantage of | |
2097 this configuration problem. | |
2098 | |
2099 * the file-local-variable feature (Yes, a risk, but easy to change.) | |
2100 | |
2101 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
2102 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
2103 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
2104 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
2105 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
2106 feature. | |
2107 | |
2108 If you set the variable inhibit-local-variables to a non-nil value, | |
2109 Emacs will display the special local variable settings of a file that | |
2110 you visit and ask you if you really want them. This variable is not | |
2111 mentioned in the manual. | |
2112 | |
2113 It is wise to do this in lisp/site-init.el before building Emacs: | |
2114 | |
2115 (setq inhibit-local-variables t) | |
2116 | |
2117 If Emacs has already been built, the expression can be put in | |
2118 lisp/default.el instead, or an individual can put it in their own .emacs | |
2119 file. | |
2120 | |
2121 The ability to exploit this feature by sending e-mail to an RMAIL user | |
2122 was fixed sometime after Emacs 18.52. However, any new package that | |
2123 uses find-file or find-file-noselect has to be careful about this. | |
2124 | |
2125 For more information, see `File Variables' in the online manual (which, | |
2126 incidentally, does not describe how to disable the feature). | |
2127 | |
2128 There is a new variable in Emacs 18.58 named ignore-local-eval which | |
2129 turns out to be useless as currently implemented. Ignore it. | |
2130 | |
2131 * synthetic X events (Yes, a risk, use MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 or better.) | |
2132 | |
2133 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the SendEvent request as | |
2134 though they were regular events. As a result, if you are using the | |
2135 trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X | |
3591
507f64624555
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2136 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2137 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. |
1736 | 2138 |
2139 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
2140 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
2141 authentication mechanism, such as MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. If using the | |
2142 `xauth' program has any effect, then you are probably using | |
2143 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. Your site may be using a superior authentication | |
2144 method; ask your system administrator. | |
2145 | |
2146 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
2147 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
2148 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
2149 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but DOES | |
2150 NOT ELIMINATE THE RISK. | |
2151 | |
2152 Lucid GNU Emacs does not accept synthetic X events unless you set a | |
2153 variable. | |
2154 | |
2155 * autosave file permissions (Yes, a risk, hard to work around.) | |
2156 | |
2157 The file permissions for autosave files are determined solely by the | |
2158 Emacs process's `umask' value. The permissions of the file being | |
2159 autosaved are not used. The easiest workaround is to keep sensitive | |
2160 files in protected directories. Sebastian Kremer has written an | |
2161 enhanced version of the autosave file name picking code that can avoid | |
2162 this problem by keeping autosave files in a protected directory. {FTP | |
2163 information please?} This problem will be fixed in Emacs 19. | |
2164 | |
2165 | |
2166 | |
2167 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
2168 | |
2169 83: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
2170 | |
2171 First look in the file etc/PROBLEMS to see if there is already a solution | |
2172 for your problem. Next check the FAQ (you're reading it). If you don't | |
2173 find a solution, then report your problem via e-mail to | |
2174 bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. Please do not post it to gnu.emacs.help or | |
2175 e-mail it to help-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. For further guidelines, see | |
2176 question 8. | |
2177 | |
2178 84: How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped? | |
2179 | |
2180 Don't do that. | |
2181 | |
2182 This problem has been reported on SGI Indigo machines running Irix 4.0.* | |
2183 and RS/6000 machines. Scott Henry <scotth@hoshi.corp.SGi.COM> posted a | |
2184 patch that fixes the problem for Irix. | |
2185 | |
2186 85: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
2187 | |
2188 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
2189 libX11.a. This may be missing. | |
2190 | |
2191 Under OpenWindows, you may need to use `add_services' to add the | |
2192 `OpenWindows Programmers' optional software category from the CD-ROM. | |
2193 | |
2194 Under HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run `update' again to load the | |
2195 X11-PRG `fileset'. This may be missing even if you specified `all | |
2196 filesets' the first time. If libcurses.a is missing, you may need to load | |
2197 the `Berkeley Development Option' {???}. | |
2198 | |
2199 If you are building the MIT X11 sources, you may need to modify your | |
2200 `site.cf' file to get static versions of the libraries. (Info from David | |
2201 Zuhn <zoo@cygnus.com>.) | |
2202 | |
2203 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
2204 CANNOT_DUMP and link with the shared libraries instead. | |
2205 | |
2206 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's | |
2207 liboldX.a. | |
2208 | |
2209 86: Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1? | |
2210 | |
2211 I had hoped this question would go away after Emacs 18.57 was released, | |
2212 but people continue to compile 18.55. Easiest solution: upgrade. | |
2213 | |
2214 This is a result of the SunOS localtime/tzsetwall malloc bug, which was | |
2215 (finally!) fixed in SunOS 4.1.2. If you actually need the full | |
2216 explanation, send me e-mail. If you absolutely must compile Emacs 18.55 | |
2217 (eg., you are compiling Nemacs), the easiest workaround was to put | |
2218 `#define SYSTEM_MALLOC' in src/config.h. | |
2219 | |
2220 | |
2221 | |
2222 GNU Emacs FAQ: Getting Emacs/Packages | |
2223 | |
2224 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
2225 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
2226 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
2227 | |
2228 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
2229 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
2230 | |
2231 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
2232 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
2233 deletions occurred. | |
2234 | |
2235 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
2236 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
2237 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
2238 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
2239 | |
2240 | |
2241 | |
2242 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
2243 | |
2244 87: Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
2245 | |
2246 Look in the files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for information on nearby | |
2247 archive sites. If you don't already have GNU Emacs, see question 20 | |
2248 for how to get these two files. | |
2249 | |
2250 The latest version is always available via anonymous FTP at MIT: | |
2251 | |
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2252 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z |
1736 | 2253 |
2254 See question 91. | |
2255 | |
2256 88: How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
2257 | |
2258 A listing of Emacs Lisp packages, called the Lisp Code Directory, is being | |
2259 maintained by Dave Brennan <brennan@hal.com> and Dave Sill <de5@ornl.gov>. | |
2260 You can search through this list to find if someone has written something | |
2261 that fits your needs. | |
2262 | |
2263 This list is file LCD-datafile.Z in the Emacs Lisp Archive. (See | |
2264 question 89 for methods for getting this file.) The files lispdir.el.Z | |
2265 and lispdir.doc.Z in the archive contain information to help you use the | |
2266 list. Once you have installed lispdir.el and LCD-datafile, then you can | |
2267 use the "M-x lisp-dir-apropos" command to look things up in the database. | |
2268 For example, the command "M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET ange-ftp RET" produces | |
2269 this (outdated) output: | |
2270 | |
2271 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Apropos -- "ange-ftp" | |
2272 | |
2273 ange-ftp (3.112) 91-08-12 | |
2274 Andy Norman, <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
2275 archive.cis.ohio-state.edu: | |
2276 /pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/as-is/ange-ftp.el.Z | |
2277 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs | |
2278 | |
2279 89: Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
2280 | |
2281 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you | |
2282 are looking for. (See question 88). Then check local archives and | |
2283 the Emacs Lisp Archive to find a copy of the relevant files. Then, if | |
2284 you still haven't found it, you can send e-mail to the author asking for | |
2285 a copy. | |
2286 | |
2287 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive via anonymous FTP: | |
2288 | |
2289 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/ | |
2290 | |
2291 Fetch the file README first. | |
2292 | |
2293 NOTE: The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual | |
2294 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you | |
2295 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a | |
2296 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. | |
2297 | |
2298 NOTE: Any files with names ending in `.Z' are compressed, and you should | |
2299 use `binary' mode in FTP to retrieve them. You should also use binary | |
2300 mode whenever you retrieve any files with names ending in `.elc'. | |
2301 | |
2302 90: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
2303 | |
2304 Submissions should be mailed to elisp-archive@cis.ohio-state.edu. The | |
2305 lispdir.el package has a function named submit-lcd-entry which will help | |
2306 you with this. Mail messages (submissions) are automatically saved and | |
2307 periodically archived. Urgent mail may be sent directly to Dave Sill | |
2308 <de5@ornl.gov> or Dave Brennan <brennan@hal.com> or should contain the | |
2309 string `urgent' in the subject. The incoming ftp directory is no longer | |
2310 available at the request of Ohio State. {Is this still true?} | |
2311 | |
2312 However, if someone has a submission with multiple files (which would be | |
2313 archived as a tar file) or binary files, then FTP transfer is preferred | |
2314 and can be arranged via an anonymous FTP site. This is faster than | |
2315 uudecoding, unsharing, etc., and re-packaging files. | |
2316 | |
2317 Before submitting anything, please read the file guidelines.Z, which is | |
2318 available in the archive. Whenever possible, submissions should contain a | |
2319 complete LCD entry since this helps reduce administrative overhead for the | |
2320 maintainers. You can include an entry in this format: | |
2321 | |
2322 ;; LCD Archive Entry: | |
2323 ;; package name|author's name|email address | |
2324 ;; |description | |
2325 ;; |date|version|archive path | |
2326 | |
2327 For example: | |
2328 | |
2329 ;; LCD Archive Entry: | |
2330 ;; tex-complete|Sebastian Kremer|sk@thp.Uni-Koeln.DE | |
2331 ;; |Minibuffer name completion for editing [La]TeX. | |
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2332 ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 1.5 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z ! |
1736 | 2333 |
2334 Dave Brennan has software which automatically looks for data in this | |
2335 format. The format is fairly flexible. The entry ends when a line is | |
2336 reached with a different prefix or the seventh field terminator is | |
2337 seen. | |
2338 | |
2339 If you are submitting a multi-file submission you should include a file | |
2340 named "LCD-entry" which contains the archive entry, instead of placing | |
2341 it in one or more of the individual files. | |
2342 | |
2343 91: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
2344 | |
2345 The most up-to-date official GNU stuff is normally kept on prep.ai.mit.edu | |
2346 and is available for anonymous FTP in the pub/gnu directory. See the | |
2347 files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for more information. (To get copies of | |
2348 these files, see question 20.) | |
2349 | |
2350 The following sites are all mirror images of the GNU distribution area: | |
2351 | |
2352 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/ | |
2353 /ftp.uu.net:packages/gnu/ | |
2354 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/ (available via FTP, NIFTP, FTAM) | |
2355 /ftp.win.tue.nl:pub/gnu/ | |
2356 /utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:ftpsync/prep/ | |
2357 /nic.funet.fi:pub/gnu/ | |
2358 | |
2359 The directory at ftp.uu.net is a mirror of prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu, | |
2360 except that files larger than 1 megabyte {right?} are automatically | |
2361 split into multiple parts. If you have trouble transferring large | |
2362 files, you should try here. A file normally named `XXX' is split into | |
2363 files XXX-split/part[0-9][0-9], and there will be a file named | |
2364 XXX-split/README which contains the list of parts (especially helpful | |
2365 when FTP-ing by e-mail), their checksums, and reassembly instructions. | |
2366 Some of the other mirror sites may have the same property. {Can someone | |
2367 check this out? Thanks!} | |
2368 | |
2369 Information was provided by Lee McLoughlin <lmjm@doc.ic.ac.uk>, Jonathan | |
2370 R. Ferro <jf41+@ANDREW.CMU.EDU>, Arjan de Vet <devet@win.tue.nl>, and | |
2371 Simon Marshall <S.Marshall@sequent.cc.hull.ac.uk>. | |
2372 | |
2373 92: Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support? | |
134 | 2374 |
2375 Emacs 18 has some limited X Window System support, but there are | |
2376 problems. Emacs 19 will have amazing mouse and window support. Right | |
1736 | 2377 now, there are Epoch which is derived from GNU Emacs 18.58 and Lucid GNU |
2378 Emacs which is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19, | |
2379 both of which have greatly improved mouse and window support. See | |
2380 questions 120 and 121. | |
2381 | |
2382 The HP unofficial GNU Emacs also has nice mouse support. See question | |
2383 95. | |
597 | 2384 |
2385 There are numerous Emacs Lisp packages that have been written to extend | |
2386 Emacs 18's mouse handling capabilities. Some of these packages also have | |
1736 | 2387 patches to the C code to provide enhanced capabilities. Look up `mouse' |
2388 in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88). | |
2389 | |
2390 There is a package called BAM (Born Again Menus) which provides menus for | |
2391 GNU Emacs via an external C program. It does not provide mouse support in | |
2392 the Emacs window such as scrollbars, cut-and-paste, etc. | |
2393 | |
2394 NOTE: Epoch only works with the X Window System; it works on ordinary | |
2395 terminals by invoking regular GNU Emacs. Lucid Emacs does not currently | |
2396 work on ordinary terminals, although there are plans to fix this. | |
2397 | |
2398 93: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch? | |
2399 | |
2400 Marc Andreessen <marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu> writes: | |
2401 | |
2402 Epoch is GNU Emacs on steroids: an adaptation of GNU Emacs with lots of | |
2403 additional support for features made possible by the X11 windowing | |
2404 system. These features include multiple editing windows, arbitrary | |
2405 colors and fonts (fixed-width and proportional), selectable zones per | |
2406 buffer with arbitrary display styles (font, color, underline, stipple, | |
2407 pixmap), an optional separate minibuffer window, improved keyboard and | |
2408 mouse handling, full 8-bit character set support, and more. | |
2409 | |
2410 94: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs? | |
2411 | |
2412 This information is condensed from the release notice: | |
2413 | |
2414 Lucid GNU Emacs is based on an early version of GNU Emacs version 19 | |
2415 with many enhancements. It currently requires X Windows to run. For | |
2416 information on where to get Lucid GNU Emacs see 121. X Windows support | |
2417 is greatly enhanced over GNU Emacs version 18, including support for | |
2418 multiple X Windows (a.k.a. screens in Emacs), Zmacs/Lispm style region | |
2419 highlighting, a customizable, Motif-like menubar, more powerful keymap | |
2420 support (allowing different actions to be associated with Backspace, | |
2421 Control-h, etc.), flexible text attribute (e.g. font, color) support on | |
2422 regional and screen-local basis through X resources and/or lisp, and | |
2423 support for the X11 selection mechanism. Some other features include | |
2424 run-time computation of the load-path, support for floating point | |
2425 numbers, native timer support, and sound file support on Sun | |
2426 SPARCstations. To build Lucid GNU Emacs, an ANSI C compiler (e.g. gcc) | |
2427 is required. | |
2428 | |
2429 95: Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"? | |
2430 | |
2431 The unofficial HP GNU Emacs is available via anonymous FTP: | |
2432 | |
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2433 /ee.utah.edu:HUGE/ (PLEASE FTP DURING NON-WORK HOURS!!!) |
1736 | 2434 |
2435 and takes about 35 megabytes of disk space to build. It is useful for | |
2436 non-HP machines, but some of the added features will only work under | |
2437 HP-UX. | |
597 | 2438 |
2439 You will need to get patches to work with HP-UX 8.0 or on 700 series | |
2440 machines via e-mail from Darryl Okahata <darrylo@sr.hp.com>. | |
2441 | |
1736 | 2442 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? |
2443 | |
2444 * Demacs | |
2445 | |
2446 For 386 or 486 PCs running MS-DOS, there is a version of GNU Emacs | |
2447 called Demacs. To get Demacs see question 122. | |
2448 | |
2449 From the announcement message: | |
2450 | |
2451 Demacs is almost a full set of GNU Emacs but does not support some | |
2452 features: asynchronous process, locking a file, etc. | |
2453 | |
2454 Demacs provides following DOS specific features: | |
2455 | |
2456 * File type: text or binary file translation. | |
2457 * "8-bit clean" display mode. | |
2458 * 8086 software interrupt call by int86 lisp function. | |
2459 * Machine specific features such as function key support. | |
2460 * File name completion with drive name. | |
2461 * Child process (suspend-emacs, call-process). | |
2462 * Enhanced dired mode which can work without 'ls.exe'. | |
2463 | |
2464 To our regret `shell-mode' does not work, but `compile' command works | |
2465 properly. | |
2466 | |
2467 Demacs was developed using an MS-DOS version of gcc called djgpp by | |
2468 D. J. Delorie <dj@ctron.com> which can compile and run large programs | |
2469 under MS-DOS, but not under MS Windows. Demacs was derived from Nemacs | |
2470 rather than straight from GNU Emacs. | |
597 | 2471 |
2472 There are a variety of other Emacses for MS-DOS including among them the | |
2473 following. | |
2474 | |
1736 | 2475 * Freemacs |
2476 | |
2477 Russ Nelson <nelson@sun.soe.clarkson.edu>, the author, describes | |
2478 Freemacs: | |
2479 | |
2480 * Freemacs is free, and it was designed from the start to be | |
2481 programmable. | |
2482 * Freemacs is the only IBM-PC editor that tries to be like GNU Emacs. | |
2483 * Freemacs can only edit files less than 64K in length. | |
2484 * Freemacs doesn't have undo. | |
2485 | |
2486 Carl Witty <cwitty@cs.stanford.edu> reviews Freemacs: | |
2487 | |
2488 Better is Freemacs, which follows the tradition of ITS and GNU Emacs | |
2489 by having an full, turing-complete extension language which is | |
2490 incompatible with everything else. In fact, it's even closer to ITS | |
2491 Emacs than GNU Emacs is, because Mint (Freemacs' extension language) | |
2492 is absolutely illegible without weeks of study, much like TECO. | |
2493 | |
2494 To get Freemacs see question 123. | |
2495 | |
2496 * MicroEmacs | |
2497 | |
2498 MicroEmacs is a descendant of Microemacs {originally by Dave Conroy?}. | |
2499 It is programmable in a BASIC-like language. Many of the keybindings | |
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2500 are different from GNU Emacs. The author is Daniel Lawrence - |
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2501 <dan@mdbs.uucp, mdbs!dan@ee.ecn.purdue.edu>. The latest version is 3.12 ! |
1736 | 2502 and it is available via anonymous FTP: |
2503 | |
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2504 /midas.mgmt.purdue.edu:dist/uemacs312/ (outside business hours) ! |
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2505 ! |
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2506 Version 3.12 includes Windows and Windows NT versions and a DOS ! |
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2507 protected mode (DMPI) version. ! |
1736 | 2508 |
2509 * JOVE | |
2510 | |
2511 Another Emacs for small machines is JOVE (Jonathan's Own Version of | |
2512 Emacs). The latest official version is 4.14. There appears to be a | |
2513 newer version. People rumored to be working on JOVE include Mark Moraes | |
2514 <moraes@cs.toronto.edu> and Bill Marsh <bmarsh@cod.nosc.mil>. It is | |
2515 available via anonymous FTP: | |
2516 | |
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2517 /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.7.tar.Z |
1736 | 2518 |
2519 * MG | |
2520 | |
2521 MG is another descendant of Microemacs. MG used to stand for | |
2522 MicroGNUEmacs, but now just stands for MG. The look-and-feel of MG is | |
2523 intended to be close to that of GNU Emacs. It is rumored that MG can | |
2524 not correctly edit files larger than memory. The current version is | |
2525 rumored to be 2. There is a version 3 in beta which works on the Amiga. | |
2526 It is also available via anonymous FTP: | |
2527 | |
2528 /ftp.white.toronto.edu:pub/mg/ | |
2529 /wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/unix-c/editors/ | |
2530 /procyon.cis.ksu.edu: (source and executable) | |
2531 | |
2532 97: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows? | |
2533 | |
2534 I believe that no version of GNU Emacs runs under Windows. Pierre Perret | |
2535 <pap@myths.az05.bull.com> has ported MicroEMACS 3.11c to Windows. | |
597 | 2536 |
2537 Anonymous FTP: | |
1736 | 2538 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewin10.zip |
2539 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewin10s.zip | |
2540 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewri.zip | |
2541 | |
2542 98: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
2543 | |
2544 From the OS/2 Programmer's FAQ: | |
2545 | |
2546 GNU Emacs 18.58 is available. It requires you to have EMX installed | |
2547 on your machine, but it comes with all the EMX files you will need. | |
2548 Emacs is available on ftp-os2 in /pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs. (If you want | |
2549 to recompile emacs, you will need the full EMX distribution see | |
2550 question 1.2.) | |
2551 | |
2552 The above quote may be out of date. See the latest OS/2 Programmer's FAQ | |
2553 {perhaps in comp.os.os2.misc?} for the latest news. Anonymous FTP info: | |
2554 | |
2555 /ftp-os2.nmsu.edu:pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs/ | |
2556 ("ftp-os2" was formerly named "hobbes") | |
2557 | |
2558 Thanks go to Stephen Simpson <simpson@symcom.math.uiuc.edu>, Jonathan | |
2559 Miller <jem+@andrew.cmu.edu>, Terry Kane <terryk@cc.gatech.edu>, J. D. | |
2560 Baldwin <baldwin@csservera.usna.navy.mil>, and Ken Bass | |
2561 <kbass@gmuvax2.gmu.edu>. | |
2562 | |
2563 99: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
2564 | |
2565 Emacs 18.57 is the latest version for TOS. Stefan Mueller-Pfeiffer | |
2566 <iff327@zam001.zam.kfa-juelich.de> says: | |
2567 | |
2568 There is also a version for MiNT, the multitasking enhancement for | |
2569 ATARI's TOS, which behaves almost like EMACS on a "real computer". This | |
2570 port was done by Erling Henanger <erlingh@idt.unit.no>. | |
2571 | |
2572 Anonymous FTP: | |
2573 /atari.archive.umich.edu:atari/gnustuff/tos/ (TOS Emacs 18.57) | |
2574 /atari.archive.umich.edu:atari/new/mntemacs.zoo (MiNT Emacs) | |
2575 /cs.uni-sb.de:/pub/atari/emacs/ | |
2576 | |
2577 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
597 | 2578 |
2579 All of the files are lharc-ed. | |
2580 | |
2581 Anonymous FTP: | |
1736 | 2582 /oes.orst.edu:/pub/almanac/comp/amiga/software/gnuemacs-1.10/ |
597 | 2583 |
2584 Via e-mail: | |
1736 | 2585 To: almanac@oes.orst.edu |
597 | 2586 body: |
2587 mode uuencode | |
2588 send computer amiga software gnuemacs <file> | |
2589 <file> is replaced by one of the following: | |
2590 Required: d1.lzh d2.lzh | |
2591 Recommended: d3_info.lzh d3_infolisp.lzh | |
2592 Optional: d3_autoloaded.lzh d3_entertainmentetc.lzh | |
1736 | 2593 d3_entertainmentlisp.lzh d4_src.lzh d5_languagelisp.lzh |
2594 d5_viclone.lzh d6_gnulibsrc.lzh d6_mailpackage.lzh | |
2595 d6_mathpackage.lzh d6_misc.lzh d6_textformat.lzh | |
597 | 2596 The `d#' at the beginning of each file is its disk number, which is |
2597 referred to by the documentation. | |
2598 | |
1736 | 2599 101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? |
597 | 2600 |
2601 The FSF is a participant in a boycott of Apple because of Apple's "look | |
2602 and feel" copyright suits. See the file etc/APPLE for more details. | |
2603 Because of this boycott, the FSF doesn't include support in GNU software | |
2604 for Apple computers such as the Macintosh. | |
2605 | |
2606 Please don't help people port or develop software for Apple computers. | |
2607 | |
1736 | 2608 102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support? |
2609 | |
2610 Chris Maio's NeWS support package for GNU Emacs is available via anonymous | |
2611 FTP: | |
2612 | |
2613 /columbia.edu:pub/ps-emacs.tar.Z | |
2614 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/ps-emacs.tar.Z | |
2615 | |
2616 and via e-mail: | |
2617 | |
2618 To: archive-server@columbia.edu | |
2619 body: send NeWS emacs-support | |
2620 | |
2621 103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
597 | 2622 |
2623 Hal R. Brand <BRAND@addvax.llnl.gov> is said to have a VMS save set with a | |
2624 ready-to-run VMS version of Emacs 18.55 for X Windows. It is available | |
1736 | 2625 via anonymous FTP (addvax.llnl.gov). It is possible that the VMS versions |
2626 of Emacs at other sites have X support compiled in. See etc/FTP for | |
2627 locations. | |
597 | 2628 |
2629 Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> writes: | |
2630 | |
2631 Getting Emacs to run on VMS with DECwindows requires a number of changes | |
2632 to the sources. Fortunately this has been done already. Joshua Marantz | |
2633 <josh@viewlogic.com> did most of the work for Emacs 18.52, and the mods | |
2634 were ported to 18.55 by Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl>. Also included is the | |
2635 handling of DEC's LK201 keyboard. You need to apply the changes to a | |
2636 fresh Emacs 18.55 distribution on a Unix system, and then you can copy | |
2637 the sources to VMS to perform the compile/link/build. | |
2638 | |
2639 The set of changes have been posted a number of times three times the | |
2640 last 12 months, so they should be widely available. | |
2641 | |
1736 | 2642 Richard Levitte <levitte@e.kth.se> tells us that there are patches for |
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2643 Emacs 18.57, 18.58, and 18.59 available via e-mail: ! |
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2644 |
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2645 To: EMACS-FILESERV@e.kth.se ! |
1736 | 2646 body: SEND EMACS-1857-PATCHES |
2647 or: SEND EMACS-1858-PATCHES | |
2703
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2648 or: SEND EMACS-1859-PATCHES + |
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2649 + |
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2650 or via anonymous ftp at: + |
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2651 + |
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2652 /lucy.merrimack.edu:emacs-1859-patches.share + |
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2653 + |
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2654 The set of patches weighs in at around 2.7 MB. + |
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2655 |
1736 | 2656 104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++, |
2657 Objective C, Pascal, Awk? | |
2658 | |
2659 As usual, look in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88). For C++, | |
2660 if you use lisp-dir-apropos, you must specify the pattern like this: | |
2661 | |
2662 M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET c\+\+ RET | |
2663 | |
2664 105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
2665 | |
2666 If you are at a site with a deficient nameserver, you may need to know | |
2667 the IP address of a host to FTP files from it. You can get this | |
2668 information in two ways: | |
2669 | |
2670 * By telnet: | |
2671 | |
2672 telnet nic.ddn.mil hostnames (or `telnet 192.112.36.5 101') | |
2673 hname XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2674 | |
2675 * By e-mail: | |
2676 | |
2677 To: service@nic.ddn.mil | |
2678 Subject: host XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2679 or: whois XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2680 or: help | |
2681 | |
2682 or: | |
2683 | |
2684 To: resolve@cs.widener.edu | |
2685 body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2686 | |
2687 Information from Brendan Kehoe <brendan@cs.widener.edu>. | |
134 | 2688 |
2689 | |
2690 | |
1736 | 2691 |
2692 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
134 | 2693 |
1736 | 2694 This section lists version numbers, FTP sites, mailing lists, newsgroups, |
2695 and other information for many important packages, extensions, and related | |
2696 programs. There is some overlap with the Lisp Code Directory, but these | |
2697 entries give more detailed information. | |
2698 | |
2699 If you know of any other packages that are so substantial that they | |
2700 deserve to be mentioned here, please tell me. Having its own mailing list | |
2701 or newsgroup or more than half a megabyte of source code are good signs. | |
2702 | |
2703 106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs | |
2704 | |
2705 Author: Kyle Jones <kyle@uunet.uu.net> | |
2706 Latest released version: 4.41 | |
2707 Beta test version: 5.32 | |
2708 Anonymous FTP: | |
2709 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/vm-4.41.tar.Z | |
2710 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/as-is/timer.shar.Z | |
2711 /ftp.uu.net:mail/vm-4.41.tar.Z | |
2712 /ftp.uu.net:mail/vm-5.32beta.tar.Z | |
2713 Newsgroups and mailing lists: | |
2714 Info-VM: | |
2715 gnu.emacs.vm.info | |
2716 info-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) | |
2717 info-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
2718 Bug-VM: | |
2719 gnu.emacs.vm.bug | |
2720 bug-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) | |
2721 bug-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
2722 | |
2723 107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
2724 | |
2725 Author: Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@cen.com> | |
2726 Mailing list: supercite-request@anthem.nlm.nih.gov (for subscriptions) | |
2727 supercite@anthem.nlm.nih.gov (for submissions) | |
2703
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2728 Latest version: 2.3 ! |
1736 | 2729 Anonymous FTP: |
2703
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2730 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/sc-2.3.tar.Z ! |
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2731 /ftp.cme.nist.gov:pub/gnu/sc2.3.tar.Z ! |
1736 | 2732 Via e-mail: |
2733 To: library@cme.nist.gov | |
2734 Subject: help | |
2735 NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
2736 | |
2737 108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs | |
2738 | |
2739 Author: Masanobu Umeda <umerin@mse.kyutech.ac.jp> | |
2740 Latest official version: 3.13 | |
2741 Unofficial test version: 3.14.1 | |
2742 Anonymous FTP: | |
2703
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2743 /aun.uninett.no:pub/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z - |
1736 | 2744 /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/GNU/etc/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z |
2745 /liasun3.epfl.ch:pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2746 /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:/pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2747 /funet.fi:/networking/news/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2748 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu/EmacsBits/gnus/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2749 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/gnus-3.13.tar.Z | |
2750 Newsgroups and mailing lists: | |
2751 English-only: | |
2752 gnu.emacs.gnus | |
2753 info-gnus-english-request@cis.ohio-state.edu (for subscriptions) | |
2754 info-gnus-english@cis.ohio-state.edu (for submissions) | |
2755 Japanese (and some English): | |
2756 info-gnus-request@flab.fujitsu.co.jp (for subscriptions) | |
2757 info-gnus@flab.fujitsu.co.jp (for submissions) | |
2758 | |
2759 109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
2760 | |
2761 Author: Dave Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> | |
2762 Latest released version: 2.02 | |
2763 Anonymous FTP: | |
2764 /csvax.cs.caltech.edu:pub/calc-2.02.tar.Z | |
2765 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/calc-2.02.tar.Z | |
2766 NOTE: Unlike Wolfram Research, Dave has never threatened to sue anyone | |
2767 for having a program with a similar command language to Calc. :-) | |
2768 | |
2769 110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs | |
2770 | |
2771 Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu> | |
2772 Latest version: 4.02 | |
2773 Anonymous FTP: | |
2774 /emr.cs.uiuc.edu:pub/emacs/calendar {???} | |
2775 Via e-mail: | |
2776 To: reingold@cs.uiuc.edu | |
2777 Subject: send-emacs-cal | |
2778 Put your best internet e-mail address in the body. | |
2779 | |
2780 111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines | |
2781 | |
2782 Author: Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
2783 Latest official version: 4.20 | |
2784 Anonymous FTP: | |
2785 /alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:ange-ftp/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
2786 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
2703
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2787 /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z |
1736 | 2788 Mailing lists: |
2789 ange-ftp-lovers-request@anorman.hpl.hp.com (for subscriptions) | |
2790 Ange-FTP Lovers: | |
2791 ange-ftp-lovers@anorman.hpl.hp.com (for submissions) | |
2792 /ftp.reed.edu:pub/mailing-lists/ange-ftp/ (archives) | |
2793 Ange-FTP Announcements: | |
2794 ange-ftp-lovers-announce@anorman.hpl.hp.com | |
2795 NOTE: now with support for accessing VMS, CMS, and MTS systems | |
2796 | |
2797 112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs | |
2798 | |
2799 Author: Aamod Sane <sane@cs.uiuc.edu> | |
2800 Latest released version: 4.3 | |
2801 Anonymous FTP: | |
2802 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/vip4.3.tar.Z | |
2803 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z | |
2804 NOTE: This version much more closely emulates vi than the one | |
2805 distributed with Emacs. | |
2806 | |
2807 113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs | |
2808 | |
2809 Author: Sebastian Kremer <sk@thp.uni-koeln.de> | |
2810 Latest released version: 5.239 | |
2811 Anonymous FTP: /ftp.cs.buffalo.edu:pub/Emacs/diredall.tar.Z | |
2812 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:pub/gnu/emacs/diredall.tar.Z | |
2813 NOTE: This is a huge improvement over the Dired distributed with Emacs. | |
2814 This version will be in Emacs 19. | |
2815 | |
2816 114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
2817 | |
2818 Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <krab@iesd.auc.dk> | |
2819 Latest released version: 6.1 {???} | |
2820 Anonymous FTP: | |
2703
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2821 /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_6_1d.tar.Z |
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2822 /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex.tar.Z |
1736 | 2823 Mailing list: |
2824 auc-tex-request@iesd.auc.dk (for subscriptions) | |
2825 auc-tex@iesd.auc.dk (for submissions) | |
2826 auc-tex_mgr@iesd.auc.dk (auc-tex development team) | |
2827 | |
2828 115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs | |
2829 | |
2830 Author: Bob Weiner <rsw@cs.brown.edu> | |
2831 Anonymous FTP: | |
2832 /wilma.cs.brown.edu:pub/hyperbole/ h*.tar.Z | |
2833 Mailing lists: | |
2834 hyperbole-announce -- Hyperbole release announcements only. | |
2835 Subscriptions: | |
2836 To: hyperbole-request@cs.brown.edu | |
2837 Subject: Add <mailbox@domain.name> to hyperbole-announce | |
2838 hyperbole -- Hyperbole discussion. | |
2839 Subscriptions: | |
2840 To: hyperbole-request@cs.brown.edu | |
2841 Subject: Add <mailbox@domain.name> to hyperbole | |
2842 Submissions: | |
2843 hyperbole@cs.brown.edu | |
2844 NOTE: Any member of the hyperbole mailing list is automatically a | |
2845 member of the hyperbole-announce mailing list. | |
2846 NOTE: No .UUCP or ! addresses are allowed on these mailing lists. | |
2847 | |
2848 116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler | |
2849 | |
2850 Author: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>, | |
2851 Hallvard B. Furuseth <hallvard@ifi.uio.no> | |
2852 Anonymous FTP: | |
2853 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
2854 /ftp.uu.net:languages/elisp/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
2855 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/EmacsBits/elisp-archive/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
2856 | |
2857 117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes | |
2858 | |
2859 Author: Olin Shivers <Olin.Shivers@cs.cmu.edu> | |
2860 Anonymous FTP: | |
2861 /cs.cmu.edu:/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/shivers/lib/emacs/ | |
2862 {comint,cmu{tex,shell,scheme,lisp},ml}.el | |
2863 (anonymous password must contain `@', | |
2864 cannot cd to intermediate directories) | |
2865 | |
2866 118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
2867 | |
2868 Author: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com> | |
2869 Latest released version: 1.47 | |
2870 Anonymous FTP: | |
2871 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bbdb.tar.Z | |
2872 Mailing list: | |
2873 info-bbdb-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) | |
2874 info-bbdb@lucid.com | |
2875 bbdb-announce-request@lucid.com (to be informed of new releases) | |
2876 Note: BBDB does not work with VM 4. It does work with VM 5, RMAIL, GNUS, | |
2877 and MH-E. | |
2878 | |
2879 119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
2880 | |
2881 Author: Geoff Kuenning <geoff@itcorp.com> | |
2882 Latest released version: 2.0.02 | |
2883 Beta test version: 3.0 (9 patches) | |
2884 Anonymous FTP: | |
2885 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/ispell/ (version 2.0.02) | |
2886 /ftp.cs.ucla.edu:/pub/ispell/ (version 3.0, patches, dictionaries) | |
2887 /argus.math.orst.edu:pub/ispell/ (version 3.0, patches, dictionaries) | |
2888 /ftp.th-darmstadt.de:pub/dicts/ispell/ (mirror of argus) | |
2889 NOTE: Do not send mail to Geoff asking him to send you the latest | |
2890 version of Ispell. He does not have free e-mail. | |
2891 | |
2892 120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface | |
2893 | |
2894 Latest released version: 4.2 | |
2895 Anonymous FTP: | |
2896 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-4.2.tar.Z | |
2897 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-diff-4.1-4.2.tar.Z | |
2898 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/epoch/ | |
2899 /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:gnu/emacs/epoch/ | |
2900 Newsgroup and mailing lists: | |
2901 Epoch: | |
2902 gnu.emacs.epoch | |
2903 epoch-request@cs.uiuc.edu (for subscriptions) | |
2904 epoch@cs.uiuc.edu (for submissions) | |
2905 Epoch-Design: | |
2906 epoch-design-request@cs.uiuc.edu (for subscriptions) | |
2907 epoch-design@cs.uiuc.edu (for submissions) | |
2908 FAQ list: | |
2909 Maintainer: Marc Andreessen <marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu> | |
2910 Anonymous FTP: | |
2911 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/epoch-faq | |
2912 /ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu:outgoing/marca/epoch/Epoch.FAQ | |
2913 | |
2914 121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface | |
2915 | |
2916 Primary Maintainer: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com> | |
2917 Other Developers: Eric Benson <eb@lucid.com> | |
2918 Matthieu Devin <devin@lucid.com> | |
2919 Harlan Sexton <hbs@lucid.com> | |
2703
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|
2920 Latest released version: 19.6 ! |
1736 | 2921 Anonymous FTP: |
2703
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|
2922 /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6.tar.Z (source) ! |
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|
2923 /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6-sun4.tar.Z (Sun4binaries) ! |
1736 | 2924 Newsgroup and mailing lists: |
2925 Bugs: | |
2703
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1736
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|
2926 alt.lucid-emacs.bug + |
1736 | 2927 bug-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) |
2928 bug-lucid-emacs@lucid.com (for submissions) | |
2929 Help: | |
2703
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|
2930 alt.lucid-emacs.help + |
1736 | 2931 help-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) |
2932 help-lucid-emacs@lucid.com (for submissions) | |
2933 | |
2934 122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines | |
2935 | |
2936 Authors: Manabu Higashida <manabu@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp> | |
2937 HIRANO Satoshi <hirano@tkl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp> | |
2938 Latest released version: 1.2.0 | |
2939 Anonymous FTP: | |
2940 /utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:GNU/demacs/ (nearest to U.S.A.) | |
2941 /ftp.sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp:pub/Msdos/Demacs/ | |
2942 /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/msdos/Demacs/ | |
2943 /ftp.3com.com:pub/gnu/msdos/demacs/ | |
2944 /mindseye.berkeley.edu:pub/kanji/demacs/ | |
2945 /ftp.hawaii.edu:pub/editors/demacs.tar.Z | |
2946 /ftp.math.ksu.edu:pub/pc/demacs/ | |
2947 /wsmr-simtel20.army.mil:pd1:<msdos.demacs> {ange-ftp syntax?} | |
2948 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:msdos/gnuprogs/dem120e.zip (executables, lisp-code, doc) | |
2949 (PLEASE USE ONLY OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS!) | |
2950 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:msdos/gnuprogs/dem120s.zip (sources, diffs) | |
2951 (PLEASE USE ONLY OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS!) | |
2952 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/msdos/gnu/emacs/ | |
2953 /mizar.docs.uu.se:pub/gnu/demacs/ | |
2954 /iamsun.unibe.ch:PC/demacs/ | |
2955 /flop.informatik.tu-muenchen.de:outgoing/demacs.tar | |
2956 /ftp.funet.fi:pub/gnu/emacs/demacs/ | |
2957 /garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/editor/dem120e.zip | |
2958 /garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/editor/dem120s.zip | |
2959 /ftp.win.tue.nl:pub/gnu/demacs/ | |
2960 /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/Demacs/ | |
2961 {Does anyone know which sites have the Kanji version?} | |
2962 Via e-mail: | |
2963 From garbo.uwasa.fi: | |
2964 To: mailserv@garbo.uwasa.fi | |
2965 Subject: garbo-request | |
2966 Body: send pc/editor/dem120e.zip | |
2967 send pc/editor/dem120s.zip | |
2968 quit | |
2969 Downloading: | |
2970 EXEC-PC (Milwaukee, WI) 414-789-4210 (2400 bps) | |
2971 in the Mahoney MS-DOS file area in its Editors/wordprocessors | |
2972 library (F), named GNUEMACS.ZIP | |
2973 Channel 1 (Cambridge, MA) 617-345-8873 (9600 bps) | |
2974 in the New Uploads file area, named GNUEMACS.ZIP | |
2975 NOTE: Use the -d option of [pk]unzip for all .zip archives. Some sites | |
2976 have Demacs lharc'ed. If you need to find programs to unpack lharc and | |
2977 zip format archives, Chris Dean <ctdean@talaris.com> points out that you | |
2978 should see the comp.compression FAQ, available for FTP: | |
2979 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/comp.compression/ | |
2980 Mailing list: | |
2981 NOTE: There is no mailing list for Demacs. However, there is a list | |
2982 for DJGPP, which is the environment that Demacs runs in. Many | |
2983 Demacs problems are actually issues with DJGPP. | |
2984 DJGPP: | |
2985 Subscriptions: | |
2986 To: listserv@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
2987 body: add <your-address> djgpp | |
2988 or put `help' in the body. | |
2989 If this fails, mail to djgpp-request@sun.soe.clarkson.edu. | |
2990 Submissions: | |
2991 djgpp@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
2992 FAQ list: | |
2993 Maintainer: Dave Steibel <steibel@cs.umbc.edu> | |
2994 Anonymous FTP: algol.cs.umbc.edu:pub/demacs/demacs.faq | |
2995 | |
2996 123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS | |
2997 | |
2998 Author: Russ Nelson <nelson@sun.soe.clarkson.edu> | |
2999 Latest released version: 1.6a | |
3000 Anonymous FTP: | |
3001 /simtel20.army.mil:PD:<MSDOS.FREEMACS> {ange-ftp syntax?} | |
3002 /grape.ecs.clarkson.edu:pub/msdos/freemacs/ | |
3003 Via e-mail: | |
3004 To: archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3005 body: help | |
3006 Via snail mail: | |
3007 address: Russell Nelson, 11 Grant St., Potsdam, NY 13676 | |
3008 Send $15 copying fee, and specify preferred floppy disk format: | |
3009 5.25", 360K, or 3.50", 720K | |
3010 Mailing lists: | |
3011 Subscriptions: | |
3012 To: listserv@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3013 body: add <your-address> <name-of-list> | |
3014 or put `help' in the body. | |
3015 List distribution addresses: | |
3016 freemacs-announce@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3017 freemacs-help@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3018 freemacs-workers@sun.soe.clarkson.edu (send bug reports here) | |
3019 | |
3020 124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
3021 | |
3022 Author: Larry Wall <lwall@netlabs.com> | |
3023 Latest version: 2.0 patchlevel 12u8 | |
3024 (This is the version that supports the new unified diff format.) | |
3025 Anonymous FTP: | |
3026 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u8.tar.Z | |
3027 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12g8.tar.Z (GNU version) | |
3028 | |
3029 | |
3030 | |
3031 GNU Emacs FAQ: Keybindings/Output | |
3032 | |
3033 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
3034 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
3035 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
3036 | |
3037 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
3038 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
3039 | |
3040 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
3041 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
3042 deletions occurred. | |
3043 | |
3044 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
3045 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
3046 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
3047 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
3048 | |
3049 | |
3050 | |
3051 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems | |
3052 | |
3053 125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
3054 | |
3055 1. Find out what character sequence is generated by the keystroke sequence | |
3056 you wish to bind to a command. See question 129 for how to do this. | |
3057 Keep in mind that the character sequences generated by a keystroke | |
3058 sequence varies from one terminal to another. You may also get | |
3059 different results depending on what type of machine you are running on | |
3060 (see question 128). For example, these keystrokes may generate these | |
3061 character sequences: | |
3062 | |
3063 F1 ---> ESC [ 2 2 4 z | |
3064 Shift-R10 ---> ESC O t | |
3065 L7 ---> ESC [ 3 1 ~ | |
3066 Remove ---> C-@ | |
3067 | |
3068 2. Figure out what the Emacs Lisp syntax is for this character sequence. | |
3069 Inside an Emacs Lisp string, RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, SPC, and TAB are | |
3070 specified with `\r', `\n', `\C-?', `\e', ` ', and `\t'. C-x is | |
3071 specified by `\C-x'. M-x is specified the same was as "ESC x". | |
3072 (Control characters may also be specified as themselves, but I don't | |
3073 recommend it.) An Emacs Lisp string begins and ends with the double | |
3074 quote character, `"'. Here are some examples: | |
3075 | |
3076 ESC [ D ---> "\e[D" | |
3077 ESC [ 2 2 7 z ---> "\e[227z" | |
3078 ESC [ 1 8 ~ ---> "\e[18~" | |
3079 C-M-r ---> "\e\C-r" | |
3080 | |
3081 3. If some prefix of the character sequence is already bound, you must | |
3082 unbind it by binding it to `nil'. For example: | |
3083 | |
3084 (global-set-key "\e[" nil) | |
3085 | |
3086 4. Pick a command to bind your key sequence to. A command can be a | |
3087 "symbol" with a function definition, or a "lambda list", or a string | |
3088 (which is treated as a macro). For example: | |
3089 | |
3090 (global-set-key "\e[D" 'backward-char) | |
3091 (global-set-key "\e[227~" "\exgoto-line\r") ; macro | |
3092 | |
3093 See `Key Bindings' and `Rebinding' in the online manual. | |
3094 | |
3095 In Emacs 19 (including Lucid Emacs), you can bind function key F24 like | |
3096 this: | |
3097 | |
3098 (global-set-key 'f24 'some-command) | |
3099 | |
3100 126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'? | |
3101 | |
3102 A prefix of the character sequence you were trying to bind was already | |
3103 bound. Usually, the sequence is "ESC [", in which case you should | |
3104 evaluate this form first: | |
134 | 3105 |
3106 (define-key esc-map "[" nil) | |
3107 | |
1736 | 3108 NOTE: By default, "ESC [" is bound to backward-paragraph, and if you do |
597 | 3109 this you will lose this key binding. For most people, this is not a |
3110 problem. | |
3111 | |
1736 | 3112 See question 125. |
3113 | |
3114 127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
134 | 3115 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
3116 | |
3117 This is because you're trying to do something in your .emacs file that | |
3118 needs to be postponed until after the terminal/window-system setup code | |
3119 is loaded. This is a result of the order in which things are done | |
1736 | 3120 during the startup of Emacs. For more details see question 135. |
134 | 3121 |
3122 In order to postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after the | |
3123 terminal/window-system setup, set the value of the variable | |
3124 term-setup-hook or window-setup-hook to be a function which does what | |
3125 you want. | |
3126 | |
597 | 3127 See etc/OPTIONS for a complete explanation of what Emacs does every time |
3128 it is started. | |
134 | 3129 |
3130 Here is a simple example of how to set term-setup-hook: | |
3131 | |
3132 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3133 (function | |
3134 (lambda () | |
597 | 3135 (cond ((string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
3136 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: | |
3137 (define-key CSI-map "29~" 'execute-extended-command)) | |
3138 )))) | |
3139 | |
1736 | 3140 128: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
597 | 3141 |
3142 This depends on whether you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator | |
3143 window, or whether you are allowing Emacs to create its own X window. | |
3144 You can tell which you are doing by noticing whether Emacs creates a new | |
3145 window when you start it. | |
3146 | |
3147 If you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator window, then it | |
3148 behaves exactly as it does on any other tty. In this case, for function | |
3149 keys to be useful, they must generate character sequences that are sent | |
1736 | 3150 to the programs running inside the window as input. The `xterm' program |
597 | 3151 has two different sets of character sequences that it generates when |
3152 function keys are pressed, depending on the sunFunctionKeys X resource | |
3153 and the -sf and +sf command line options. (To find out what these key | |
1736 | 3154 sequences are, see question 129.) In addition, with xterm, |
597 | 3155 you can override what key sequence a specific function key (or any other |
1736 | 3156 key) will generate with the `translations' resource. This, for example: |
597 | 3157 |
3158 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
3159 <KeyPress>F1: string(0x1b) string("[xyzzy") | |
3160 | |
3161 makes the function key F1 generate the character sequence "ESC [xyzzy". | |
3162 | |
3163 On the other hand, if Emacs is managing its own X window, the following | |
3164 description applies. Emacs receives `KeyPress' events from the X server | |
3165 when a key is pressed while the keyboard focus is in its window. The | |
1736 | 3166 KeyPress event contains an X "keysym" code, which is simply an arbitrary |
597 | 3167 number corresponding to the name of the keysym, and information on which |
3168 "modifiers" such as `control' and `shift' are active. For example, the | |
3169 `Tab' keysym is 0xff09. (Generally, a key on the keyboard will generate a | |
3170 keysym whose name is the same as the label on the key, ie. the `Tab' key | |
3171 will normally generate the `Tab' keysym. This can be changed with the | |
3172 xmodmap program.) Emacs recognizes all the keysyms that correspond to | |
3173 standard ASCII characters and internally uses the ASCII character instead. | |
3174 | |
3175 (WARNING: I am about to describe a gross, disgusting hack to you, have | |
3176 your barf bag ready.) | |
3177 | |
3178 When Emacs receives the X keysym of one of the arrow keys, it behaves | |
3179 the same as if it had received a letter key with the control modifier | |
3180 down as follows (this is hard-coded): | |
3181 | |
3182 Up becomes C-p | |
3183 Down becomes C-n | |
3184 Right becomes C-f | |
3185 Left becomes C-b | |
3186 | |
3187 The way Emacs treats other keysyms depends on what kind of machine it was | |
1736 | 3188 compiled on. The type of the display machine is irrelevant! Function |
597 | 3189 keys are mapped internally to escape sequences, while other keys are |
3190 completely ignored. | |
3191 | |
3192 1. If compiled on a Sun, Emacs recognizes these X keysyms that | |
3193 are normally on a Sun keyboard: | |
3194 | |
3195 F1 through F9 | |
3196 L1 through L10 (same as F11 through F20) | |
3197 R1 through R15 (same as F21 through F35) | |
1736 | 3198 (The keys labelled R8, R10, R12, and R14 usually are mapped to the |
597 | 3199 X keysyms Up, Left, Right, and Down.) |
1736 | 3200 Break (the `Alternate' key is given this keysym) |
597 | 3201 |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
3202 These keys work like Sun function keys. When Emacs receives the |
597 | 3203 keysym, it will internally use character sequences that look like "ESC |
3204 [ ### z", where ### is replaced by a number. The character sequences | |
3205 are identical to those generated by Sun's keyboard under SunView. Any | |
3206 function key not listed above generates "ESC [ - 1 z". | |
3207 | |
3208 In order to use these key sequences, they should be bound to commands | |
3209 using the standard key binding methods, just as if Emacs were running | |
3210 on a regular terminal. | |
3211 | |
3212 WARNING: F11 and L1 are the same keysym in X, as are F12 and L2, etc. | |
3213 {Yes, this is stupid. Complain to the X consortium.} | |
3214 | |
3215 2. If not compiled on a Sun, the function keys will appear to Emacs in a | |
3216 way remarkably similar to the keys of a DEC LK201 keyboard (used on | |
3217 some VT series terminals). These X keysyms will be recognized: | |
3218 | |
3219 F1 through F20 | |
3220 Help (treated same as F15) | |
1736 | 3221 Menu (treated same as F16, is the LK201 `Do' key) |
597 | 3222 Find |
1736 | 3223 Insert (LK201 `Insert Here' key) |
597 | 3224 Select |
1736 | 3225 Prior (LK201 `Prev Screen' key *** ONLY IN 18.58 AND LATER ***) |
3226 Next (LK201 `Next Screen' key *** ONLY IN 18.58 AND LATER ***) | |
3227 | |
3228 And finally, the LK201 key labelled `Remove' (or `Delete') is often | |
3229 mapped to the Delete keysym which generates the DEL character (C-?) | |
3230 instead of the key sequence given by the LK201 `Remove' key. It may | |
3231 also be mapped to some other keysym, such as `_Remove', in which case | |
3232 you can't use it from within Emacs at all. | |
597 | 3233 |
3234 Each function key will be internally converted to a character sequence | |
3235 that looks like "ESC [ ## ~", where ## is replaced by a number. The | |
3236 character sequences are identical to those generated by a LK201 | |
3237 keyboard. Any function key not listed above generates "ESC [ - 1 ~". | |
134 | 3238 |
3239 For the complete list of the numbers which are generated by the function | |
597 | 3240 keys, look in the file src/x11term.c at the definitions of the function |
1736 | 3241 stringFuncVal. |
597 | 3242 |
3243 If you are running Emacs on a Sun machine, even if your X display is | |
3244 running on a non-Sun machine (eg., an X terminal), you get the setup | |
3245 described above for Suns. The determining factor is what type of | |
3246 machine Emacs is running (was compiled) on, not what type of machine | |
3247 your X display is on. | |
3248 | |
1736 | 3249 If you have function keys not listed above on your keyboard, you can use |
3250 `xmodmap' to change their keysym assignments to get keys that Emacs will | |
3251 recognize, but that may screw up other programs. | |
597 | 3252 |
3253 X resources are not used by Emacs to affect the key sequences generated. | |
1736 | 3254 In particular, there are no X key "translations" for Emacs. |
597 | 3255 |
3256 If you have function keys not listed above and you don't want to use | |
3257 xmodmap to change their names, you might want to make a modification to | |
1736 | 3258 your Emacs. Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> has made available a patch for Emacs |
3259 that adds the x-rebind-key function of Epoch to Emacs 18.58. This allows | |
3260 another layer of key rebinding before Emacs even sees the keys, and in | |
3261 this layer you can rebind all of the keys and modifier combinations as | |
3262 well. | |
3263 | |
3264 Anonymous FTP: | |
3265 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z | |
3266 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun | |
3267 | |
3268 Johan Vromans explains what this buys for you: | |
597 | 3269 |
3270 After implementing this, all keyboard keys can be configured to send | |
1736 | 3271 user definable sequences, eg., |
134 | 3272 |
3273 (x-rebind-key "KP_F1" 0 "\033OP") | |
3274 | |
597 | 3275 This will have the keypad key PF1 send the sequence "ESC O P", just like |
3276 an ordinary VT series terminal. | |
3277 | |
1736 | 3278 129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit? |
134 | 3279 |
3280 Use this function by Randal L. Schwartz <merlyn@iwarp.intel.com>: | |
3281 | |
3282 (defun see-chars () | |
3283 "Displays characters typed, terminated by a 3-second timeout." | |
3284 (interactive) | |
3285 (let ((chars "") | |
3286 (inhibit-quit t)) | |
3287 (message "Enter characters, terminated by 3-second timeout.") | |
3288 (while (not (sit-for 3)) | |
3289 (setq chars (concat chars (list (read-char))) | |
3290 quit-flag nil)) ; quit-flag maybe set by C-g | |
3291 (message "Characters entered: %s" (key-description chars)))) | |
3292 | |
597 | 3293 Alternatively, use the "C-h l" view-lossage command, which will display |
1736 | 3294 the last 100 characters Emacs has seen in its input stream. Kevin |
3295 Gallagher <kgallagh@digi.lonestar.org> suggests typing some unique string | |
3296 like "wxyz", typing the key in question, then typing "C-h l". The | |
3297 characters that appear between "wxyz" and "C-h l" were generated by the | |
3298 key. | |
3299 | |
3300 130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? | |
3301 | |
3302 Sorry, you can't; there are no "translations" to be set. Emacs is not | |
3303 written using the Xt library. The only way to affect the behavior of keys | |
3304 within Emacs is through `xmodmap' (outside Emacs) or `define-key' (inside | |
3305 Emacs). | |
3306 | |
3307 131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
3308 | |
3309 C-s and C-q are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. This screws | |
3310 up Emacs because it binds these characters to commands. Also, by default | |
3311 Emacs will not honor them as flow control characters and may overwhelm | |
3312 output buffers. Sometimes, intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow | |
3313 control will prevent Emacs from ever seeing C-s and C-q. | |
3314 | |
3315 Possible solutions: | |
3316 | |
3317 * Disable the use of C-s and C-q for flow control. | |
3318 | |
3319 You need to determine what is the cause of the flow control. | |
3320 | |
3321 * your terminal | |
3322 | |
3323 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
3324 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
3325 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
3326 example, on a VT220 you may select `No XOFF' in the setup menu. This | |
3327 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. | |
3328 | |
3329 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
3330 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
3331 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
3332 | |
3333 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
3334 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
3335 this problem by modifying the `termcap' entry for your terminal to | |
3336 include extra NUL padding characters. | |
3337 | |
3338 * a modem | |
3339 | |
3340 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using XON/XOFF | |
3341 flow control. I don't know how to get around this. | |
3342 | |
3343 * a router or terminal server | |
3344 | |
3345 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
3346 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
3347 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
3348 network experts for help with this. | |
3349 | |
3350 * tty and/or pty devices | |
3351 | |
3352 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple tty and/or pty | |
3353 devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it is not | |
3354 necessary. | |
3355 | |
3356 Eirik Fuller <eirik@theory.tn.cornell.edu> writes: | |
3357 | |
3358 Some versions of `rlogin' (and possibly telnet) do not pass flow | |
3359 control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On | |
3360 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control | |
3361 on the local system. Sometimes `rlogin -8' will avoid this problem. | |
3362 | |
3363 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host | |
3364 (the one running rlogin, not the one running rlogind) using the stty | |
3365 command, before starting the rlogin process. On many systems, `stty | |
3366 start u stop u' will do this. | |
3367 | |
3368 Some versions of `tcsh' will prevent even this from working. One | |
3369 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
3370 and issue the stty command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
3371 | |
3372 Use `stty -ixon' instead of `stty start u stop u' on some systems. | |
3373 | |
3374 * Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
3375 | |
3376 You can make Emacs treat C-s and C-q as flow control characters by | |
3377 evaluating this form: | |
3378 | |
3379 (set-input-mode nil t) | |
3380 | |
3381 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your .emacs | |
3382 file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the best place to | |
3383 put it is unclear. I don't know if this has any effect when used in | |
3384 lisp/site-init.el when building Emacs; I've never tried that. {Can | |
3385 someone tell me whether it works?} Putting things in users' .emacs files | |
3386 has a number of problems. | |
3387 | |
3388 Putting this form in lisp/default.el has the problem that if the user's | |
3389 .emacs file has an error, this will prevent lisp/default.el from being | |
3390 loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the user, even for correcting their | |
3391 .emacs file (unless they're smart enough to move it to another name). A | |
3392 possible solution is to initially disable C-s and C-q by setting | |
3393 keyboard-translate-table in lisp/site-init.el, either with swap-keys | |
3394 (see question 136) or with the following form: | |
3395 | |
3396 ;; by Roger Crew <crew@cs.stanford.edu>: | |
3397 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
3398 "\C-@\C-a\C-b\C-c\C-d\C-e\C-f\C-g\C-h\C-i\C-j\C-k\C-l\C-m\C-n\C-o\C-p\C-^\C-r\C-\\\C-t\C-u\C-v\C-w\C-x\C-y\C-z\C-[\C-s\C-]\C-q\C-_") | |
3399 | |
3400 This will at least prevent Emacs from being confused by the flow control | |
3401 characters, even if lisp/default.el cannot be loaded. Then, in | |
3402 lisp/default.el, enable XON/XOFF flow control with set-input-mode. | |
3403 | |
3404 For further discussion of this issue, read the file PROBLEMS in the | |
597 | 3405 Emacs distribution. |
3406 | |
1736 | 3407 132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys |
134 | 3408 are filtered out? |
3409 | |
3410 I suggest swapping C-s with C-\ and C-q with C-^: | |
3411 | |
3412 (swap-keys ?\C-s ?\C-\\) | |
3413 (swap-keys ?\C-q ?\C-^) | |
3414 | |
1736 | 3415 See question 136 for the implementation of swap-keys. This method |
3416 has the advantage that it simultaneously swaps the characters everywhere | |
3417 throughout Emacs, while just switching the keybindings will miss important | |
3418 places where the character codes are stored (eg., the search-repeat-char | |
3419 variable, major mode keymaps, etc.). | |
3420 | |
3421 To do this for an entire site, you may want to swap the keys in | |
3422 lisp/default.el. If only some of your users are connecting through | |
3423 XON/XOFF flow-controlled connections, you will want to do this | |
3424 conditionally. I suggest pre-swapping them in lisp/site-init.el when | |
3425 Emacs is built, and then in lisp/default.el, if it is determined to be | |
3426 safe, they can be reenabled (being careful not to screw up any other key | |
3427 mappings users might have established using keyboard-translate-table). | |
3428 See question 131 for an easy way to pre-swap these keys. | |
3429 | |
3430 WARNING: If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by | |
3431 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs actually | |
3432 behaves. | |
3433 | |
3434 133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help? | |
3435 | |
3436 The BackSpace key (on every keyboard I've used) generates ASCII code 8. | |
3437 C-h sends the same code. In Emacs by default C-h invokes help-command. | |
3438 This is intended to be easy to remember since the first letter of "help" | |
3439 is "h". The easiest solution to this problem is to use C-h (and | |
3440 BackSpace) for help and DEL (the Delete key) for deleting the previous | |
3441 character. | |
3442 | |
3443 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
3444 | |
3445 * They normally use BackSpace outside of Emacs for deleting the previous | |
3446 character typed. This can be solved by making DEL be the command for | |
3447 deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. This command will do | |
3448 this on many Unix systems: | |
3449 | |
3450 stty erase '^?' | |
3451 | |
3452 * The person may prefer using the BackSpace key for deleting the previous | |
3453 character because it is more conveniently located on their keyboard or | |
3454 because they don't even have a separate Delete key. In this case, the | |
3455 BackSpace key should be made to behave like Delete. There are several | |
3456 methods. | |
3457 | |
3458 * Under X Windows, the easiest solution is to change the BackSpace key | |
3459 into a Delete key like this: | |
3460 | |
3461 xmodmap -e "keysym BackSpace = Delete" | |
3462 | |
3463 * Some terminals (eg., VT3## terminals) allow the character generated by | |
3464 the BackSpace key to be changed from a setup menu. | |
3465 | |
3466 * You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable. | |
3467 | |
3468 * Under X or on a dumb terminal, it is possible to swap the BackSpace | |
3469 and Delete keys inside Emacs: | |
3470 | |
3471 (swap-keys ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
3472 | |
3473 See question 136 for the implementation of swap-keys. | |
3474 | |
3475 * Another approach is to switch keybindings and put help on "C-x h" | |
3476 instead: | |
3477 | |
3478 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
3479 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) ; override mark-whole-buffer | |
3480 | |
3481 Other popular key bindings for help are M-? and "C-x ?". | |
3482 | |
3483 WARNING: Don't try to bind DEL to help-command, because there are many | |
3484 modes that have local bindings of DEL that will interfere. | |
3485 | |
3486 134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
3487 | |
3488 Good question! | |
3489 | |
3490 135: Why don't the arrow keys work? | |
3491 | |
3492 When Emacs starts up, it doesn't know anything about arrow keys at all | |
3493 (except when running under X, see question 128). During the process of | |
3494 starting up, Emacs will load a terminal-specific initialization file for | |
3495 your terminal type (as determined by the environment variable TERM), if | |
3496 one exists. This file has the responsibility for enabling the arrow keys. | |
3497 | |
3498 There are several things that can go wrong: | |
3499 | |
3500 1. There is no initialization file for your terminal. | |
3501 | |
3502 You can determine this by looking in the lisp/term directory. If your | |
3503 terminal type (as determined by the TERM environment variable) is | |
3504 xxx-yy-z, then the first of these files in the lisp/term directory will | |
3505 be loaded as the terminal-specific initialization file: xxx-yy-z.el, | |
3506 xxx-yy.el, or xxx.el. | |
3507 | |
3508 There are two major cases of this problem: | |
3509 | |
3510 * Your terminal type is very similar to one that has an init file. | |
3511 | |
3512 In this case, there are several techniques suggested by Colin Jensen | |
3513 <cjensen@ampex.com>, Ben Liblit <Liblit@cs.psu.edu>, and Marc | |
3514 Auslander <marc@watson.ibm.com>: | |
3515 | |
3516 A. Add a symbolic link in lisp/term for your terminal type that | |
3517 points to the similar type. For example, you could make VT102 | |
3518 terminals work with this command: | |
3519 | |
3520 ln -s vt100.el vt102.el | |
3521 | |
3522 This fixes things for everyone on the system who uses the terminal | |
3523 type. | |
3524 | |
3525 B. If you can't do the solution in part A, you can add code to your | |
3526 term-setup-hook that loads the correct file like this: | |
3527 | |
3528 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3529 (function | |
3530 (lambda () | |
3531 (cond ((equal "vt102" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
3532 (load (concat term-file-prefix "vt100"))) | |
3533 (;; Code for other terminal types goes here ... | |
3534 ))))) | |
3535 | |
3536 C. If you use `tset' to set your TERM environment variable when you | |
3537 login, you can use the `-m' switch to tell tset to use a terminal | |
3538 type known by Emacs instead of another similar one. For example, | |
3539 specifying this: | |
3540 | |
3541 tset ... -m 'dec-vt220:vt220' ... | |
3542 | |
3543 will make tset say you are on a `vt220' instead of a `dec-vt220'. | |
3544 | |
3545 D. Interactively, you can type "M-x load-library RET term/vt100" to | |
3546 load the terminal-specific initialization files for VT100 | |
3547 terminals. | |
3548 | |
3549 * Your terminal type is not similar to one that has an init file. | |
3550 | |
3551 One can be made for your terminal, or you can just add code to your | |
3552 own .emacs to handle this problem for yourself. For example, if your | |
3553 terminal's arrow keys send these character sequences: | |
3554 | |
3555 Up: ESC [ A | |
3556 Down: ESC [ B | |
3557 Right: ESC [ C | |
3558 Left: ESC [ D | |
3559 | |
3560 then you can bind these keys to the appropriate commands with code in | |
3561 your .emacs like this: | |
3562 | |
3563 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3564 (function | |
3565 (lambda () | |
3566 (cond ((string-match "\\`xyzzy" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
3567 ;; First, must unmap the binding for left bracket | |
3568 (or (keymapp (lookup-key global-map "\e\[")) | |
3569 (define-key global-map "\e\[" nil)) | |
3570 ;; Enable terminal type xyzzy's arrow keys: | |
3571 (define-key global-map "\e\[A" 'previous-line) | |
3572 (define-key global-map "\e\[B" 'next-line) | |
3573 (define-key global-map "\e\[C" 'forward-char) | |
3574 (define-key global-map "\e\[D" 'backward-char)) | |
3575 ((string-match "\\`abcde" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
3576 ;; Do something different for terminal type abcde | |
3577 ;; ..... | |
3578 ))))) | |
3579 | |
3580 NOTE: You may have to restart Emacs to get changes to take effect. | |
3581 | |
3582 NOTE: Your arrow keys may send sequences beginning with "ESC O" when | |
3583 Emacs is running, even if they send sequences beginning with "ESC [" at | |
3584 all other times. This is because Emacs uses any command there may be | |
3585 in your terminal's termcap entry for putting the terminal into | |
3586 "Application Keypad Mode". Just map these sequences the same way as | |
3587 above. | |
3588 | |
3589 The next two cases are problems even if there is a initialization file for | |
3590 your terminal type. | |
3591 | |
3592 2. The initialization file for your terminal doesn't bind arrow keys. | |
3593 | |
3594 If your terminal type is `xterm', you will have to bind the arrow keys | |
3595 as in part 1 above, since the xterm.el file doesn't do anything useful. | |
3596 There may be other terminal types with the same problem. | |
3597 | |
3598 3. Your terminal's arrow keys send individual control characters. | |
3599 | |
3600 For example, the arrow keys on an ADM-3 send C-h, C-j, C-k, and C-l. | |
3601 | |
3602 There is not much Emacs can do in this situation, since all the control | |
3603 characters except for C-^ and C-\ are already used as Emacs commands. | |
3604 It may be possible to convince the terminal to send something else when | |
3605 you press the arrow keys; it is worth investigating. | |
3606 | |
3607 You have to make the hard choices of how to rebind keys to commands to | |
3608 make things work the way you want. Another alternative is to start | |
3609 learning the standard Emacs keybindings for moving point around: C-b, | |
3610 C-f, C-p, and C-n. Personally, I no longer use the arrow keys when | |
3611 editing because I have switched keyboards so many times. | |
3612 | |
3613 4. Your terminal's arrow keys send sequences beginning with "ESC [". | |
3614 | |
3615 Due to an extremely poor design decision (ie., these sequences are ANSI | |
3616 standard), none of the the terminal-specific initialization files that | |
3617 are distributed with Emacs will bind these character sequences to the | |
3618 appropriate commands by default. (This also applies to any other | |
3619 function keys which generate character sequences starting with "ESC | |
3620 [".) This is because it was deemed far more important to preserve the | |
3621 binding of M-[ to the backward-paragraph command. It appears that this | |
3622 will change in Emacs 19. | |
3623 | |
3624 Some of the terminal-specific initialization files that come with Emacs | |
3625 provide a command enable-arrow-keys that will fix this problem. To get | |
3626 this automatically invoked, put this in your .emacs: | |
3627 | |
3628 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3629 (function | |
3630 (lambda () | |
3631 (if (fboundp 'enable-arrow-keys) (enable-arrow-keys))))) | |
3632 | |
3633 We put this in our lisp/default.el file, so users don't have to worry | |
3634 about it: | |
3635 | |
3636 ;; don't override a user's term-setup-hook | |
3637 (or term-setup-hook | |
3638 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3639 (function | |
3640 (lambda () | |
3641 (and (fboundp 'enable-arrow-keys) | |
3642 ;; don't override a user key mapping | |
3643 (eq 'backward-paragraph (lookup-key esc-map "[")) | |
3644 (enable-arrow-keys)))))) | |
3645 | |
3646 If your terminal type is `sun', you should put this in your .emacs | |
3647 instead (or in addition to the above): | |
3648 | |
3649 (setq sun-esc-bracket t) | |
3650 | |
3651 It is possible that the terminal-specific initialization file for your | |
3652 terminal type was written locally and does not follow the rule | |
3653 mentioned above. In this case you may need to inspect it to find out | |
3654 how to enable the arrow keys. (Actually, if it was written locally, it | |
3655 probably enables the arrow keys by default.) | |
3656 | |
3657 136: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
134 | 3658 |
3659 When Emacs receives a character, you can make Emacs behave as though it | |
3660 received another character by setting the value of | |
597 | 3661 keyboard-translate-table. The following Emacs Lisp will do this for you, |
3662 allowing you to "swap" keys. After arranging for this Lisp to be | |
3663 evaluated by Emacs, you can evaluate `(swap-keys ?A ?B)' to swap A and B. | |
134 | 3664 |
3665 (defun swap-keys (key1 key2) | |
3666 "Swap keys KEY1 and KEY2 using map-key." | |
597 | 3667 (map-key key1 key2) |
134 | 3668 (map-key key2 key1)) |
3669 | |
597 | 3670 (defun map-key (from to) |
3671 "Make key FROM behave as though key TO was typed instead." | |
3672 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
3673 (concat keyboard-translate-table | |
3674 (let* ((i (length keyboard-translate-table)) | |
3675 (j from) | |
3676 (k i) | |
3677 (str (make-string (max 0 (- j (1- i))) ?X))) | |
3678 (while (<= k j) | |
3679 (aset str (- k i) k) | |
3680 (setq k (1+ k))) | |
3681 str))) | |
3682 (aset keyboard-translate-table from to) | |
3683 (let ((i (1- (length keyboard-translate-table)))) | |
3684 (while (and (>= i 0) (eq (aref keyboard-translate-table i) i)) | |
3685 (setq i (1- i))) | |
3686 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
3687 (if (eq i -1) | |
3688 nil | |
3689 (substring keyboard-translate-table 0 (1+ i)))))) | |
3690 | |
1736 | 3691 NOTE: You must evaluate the definition of these functions before calling |
3692 them! For example, list the function definitions before their use in your | |
3693 .emacs file. | |
3694 | |
3695 NOTE: These functions take two numbers as arguments. The example above, | |
3696 `(swap-keys ?A ?B)' is actually `(swap-keys 65 66)', because `?A' is | |
3697 merely notation for 65, the ASCII value of `A'. | |
3698 | |
3699 NOTE: These functions only work for single characters. You cannot swap | |
3700 two multi-character sequences. | |
3701 | |
3702 137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
3703 | |
3704 For C-@ and C-^, often you can just type Control-2 and Control-6. For | |
3705 C-_, you may have to hold down the shift key, typing Control-Shift-Hyphen. | |
3706 C-@ can often be generated by typing Control-Space. C-@ is often called | |
3707 the NUL character, and has ASCII value 0. C-_ can often be generated by | |
3708 typing Control-7 or Control-/. C-? (aka DEL) may be generated by typing | |
3709 Shift-BackSpace or Control-BackSpace or a key labelled Delete or Del. | |
3710 | |
3711 Try Control with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
3712 generated. | |
3713 | |
3714 138: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
3715 | |
3716 Instead of typing M-a, you can type "ESC a" instead. In fact, Emacs | |
3717 converts M-a internally into "ESC a" anyway (depending on the value of | |
3718 meta-prefix-char). | |
3719 | |
3720 139: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
3721 | |
3722 Type C-[ instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an Escape | |
3723 key would. Try also C-;. | |
3724 | |
3725 140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators? | |
3726 | |
3727 Some IBM PC compatibles do not have a key labeled `Del' or `Delete' {is | |
3728 this true?}. Those that do generally have it in an inconvenient location. | |
3729 (Also, in some terminal emulators, the `Del' key does not transmit DEL.) | |
3730 The result is the standard "BackSpace invoking help" problem (see question | |
3731 133). | |
3732 | |
3733 The usual solution, suggested by Michael Covington | |
3734 <mcovingt@aisun1.ai.uga.edu>, is to somehow tell the terminal emulator | |
3735 program that BackSpace should transmit DEL. Read the program's manual. | |
3736 Shift-BackSpace or Control-BackSpace may send DEL. The `Del' key may only | |
3737 send DEL if the NumLock key hasn't been pressed. | |
3738 | |
3739 141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key? | |
597 | 3740 |
3741 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain VT220 | |
1736 | 3742 clones could have their Compose key configured this way. If you're using |
3743 X, you might be able to do this with the `xmodmap' program (this is | |
3744 what I do). | |
3745 | |
3746 142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
3747 | |
3748 Unless you're using Emacs under emacstool (or xvetool?), have a working | |
3749 version of x-rebind-key (see question 128), or are using Emacs 19 (Lucid | |
3750 Emacs), you can't do this with Emacs alone. | |
3751 | |
3752 If you are using emacstool, Emacs sees different character sequences for | |
3753 the combination of a modifier and a function key from what it sees for the | |
3754 function key alone. See etc/emacstool.1 for more information. Since | |
3755 Emacs sees different character sequences, you can bind these different | |
3756 sequences to different commands. | |
597 | 3757 |
3758 If you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator window like xterm, you | |
3759 can modify its translation tables to make it generate different character | |
3760 sequences for the combination of a modifier and a function key. For | |
3761 example, this X resource setting: | |
3762 | |
3763 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
3764 Shift<KeyPress>F1: string(0x1b) string("[xyzzy") | |
3765 | |
3766 makes Shift-F1 generate the character sequence "ESC [ xyzzy". You can | |
1736 | 3767 bind these character sequences in Emacs as normal. Nick Ruprecht |
3768 <ruprecht@informatik.uni-freiburg.de> has written an extensive X | |
3769 translation mapping for xterm that does this. {Does this have an FTP | |
3770 site?} | |
3771 | |
3772 If you have x-rebind-key, you can have any arbitrary combination of | |
3773 modifiers with a key replaced by any sequence of "normal" characters. For | |
3774 example, this makes Shift-Return behave as though you had typed "C-x C-e" | |
3775 (example from Jerry Graves): | |
3776 | |
3777 (x-rebind-key "Return" 'shift "\C-x\C-e") | |
3778 | |
3779 In Emacs 19 (Lucid Emacs), you can bind Meta-Left-Arrow like this (example | |
3780 from Jamie Zawinski): | |
3781 | |
3782 (global-set-key '(meta left) 'backward-word) | |
3783 | |
3784 With the last two methods, use `xmodmap' and `xev' to discover the keysym | |
3785 and modifier names. | |
3786 | |
3787 143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
597 | 3788 |
3789 Try all of these methods before asking for further help: | |
3790 | |
1736 | 3791 * You may have big problems using `mwm' as your window manager. {Does |
3792 anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the Meta key in | |
3793 Emacs with mwm?} | |
3794 | |
3795 * For X11R4: Make sure it really is a Meta key. Use `xev' to find out | |
597 | 3796 what keysym your Meta key generates. It should be either Meta_L or |
3797 Meta_R. If it isn't, use xmodmap to fix the situation. | |
3798 | |
3799 * Make sure the pty the xterm is using is passing 8 bit characters. | |
1736 | 3800 `stty -a' (or `stty everything') should show `cs8' somewhere. If it |
3801 shows `cs7' instead, use `stty cs8 -istrip' (or `stty pass8') to fix | |
597 | 3802 it. |
3803 | |
3804 * If there is an rlogin connection between the xterm and the Emacs, the | |
1736 | 3805 `-8' argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 |
597 | 3806 bits of every character. |
3807 | |
1736 | 3808 * If the Emacs is running under Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
3809 (set-input-mode t nil) helps. | |
597 | 3810 |
3811 * If all else fails, you can make xterm generate "ESC W" when you type | |
3812 M-W, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it got the M-W | |
3813 anyway. In X11R4, the following resource specification will do this: | |
3814 | |
3815 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
3816 | |
3817 (This changes the behavior of the insert-eight-bit action.) | |
3818 | |
3819 With older xterms, you can specify this behavior with a translation: | |
3820 | |
3821 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
3822 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
3823 | |
1736 | 3824 You might have to replace `Meta' with `Alt'. |
3825 | |
3826 144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0? | |
597 | 3827 |
3828 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
3829 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that | |
3830 XLookupString returns the same result regardless of the Meta key state | |
3831 which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs is fixed, the temporary | |
3832 kludge is to run this command after each time the X server is started but | |
3833 preferably before any xterm clients are: | |
3834 | |
3835 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
3836 | |
3837 NOTE: This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which | |
3838 may be undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
3839 | |
1736 | 3840 145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar? |
3841 | |
3842 There is a package `wordstar' by Jim Frost <jimf@saber.com> and | |
3843 `ws-mode.el' by Juergen Nickelsen <nickel@cs.tu-berlin.de>. Check in the | |
3844 Emacs Lisp Archive (see question 89). | |
3845 | |
3846 146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs? | |
3847 | |
3848 This question comes up once every couple of months. I have never seen a | |
3849 positive reply, so I presume no one has ever written one. | |
3850 | |
3851 | |
3852 | |
3853 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets | |
3854 | |
3855 147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
3856 | |
3857 There is a patch called the `8-bit ctl-arrow patch' that allows Emacs to | |
3858 display characters with codes from 128 to 255. {The original appears to | |
3859 have been by Kenneth Cline <cline@proof.ergo.cs.cmu.edu>.} Partially based | |
3860 on Johan Widen's earlier work, Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> has updated this | |
3861 patch for Emacs 18.58 along with some other 8-bit improvements. | |
3862 | |
3863 Anonymous FTP: | |
3864 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-EightBit.Z | |
2703
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3865 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit |
1736 | 3866 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z:cemacs/8bit-patch-18.57 |
3867 /sics.se:archive/emacs-18.55-8bit-diff | |
3868 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.55 | |
3869 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.57 | |
3870 | |
3871 Via e-mail: | |
3872 To: mail-server@sics.se | |
3873 body: send emacs-18.55-8bit-diff | |
3874 | |
3875 Anders Edenbrandt <anderse@dna.lth.se> has produced a more comprehensive | |
2703
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3876 patch for Emacs 18.59 that allows for 8-bit input and output. |
1736 | 3877 |
3878 Anonymous FTP: | |
2703
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3879 /ftp.efd.lth.se:pub/gnu/emacs_8-bit.patch |
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3880 |
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3881 In the words of the author: |
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3882 |
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3883 With these patches, Emacs becomes fully 8-bit operational. There is |
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3884 support for displaying 8-bit characters, as well as for entering such |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
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3885 characters from the keyboard. In addition, upcase/lowcase translation |
2703
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3886 is supported, accented characters are recognized as "letters" (important |
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3887 when doing 'forward-word', for example), and text with 8-bit characters |
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3888 can be sorted correctly. |
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3889 |
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3890 A Meta-shift key can still be used, provided that you run in an |
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3891 environment where it is possible to distinguish between a character |
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3892 entered using the Meta-shift key and one entered directly. The diffs |
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3893 include patches to make this work under SunView (with emacstool) as |
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3894 well as under X. If you can't use a Meta-shift key, you have to enter |
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3895 Meta-commands with the ESC-prefix. |
1736 | 3896 |
3897 The most comprehensive patches for 8-bit output are by Howard Gayle | |
3898 (originally for Emacs 18.55. These patches allow displaying any arbitrary | |
3899 string for a given 8-bit character (except TAB and C-j). Also supported | |
3900 is defining the sorting order and the uppercase and lowercase | |
3901 translations. It is reported that the 8-bit character support in Emacs 19 | |
3902 is largely based on these patches. Thomas Bellman | |
2703
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3903 <Bellman@lysator.liu.se> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.59. |
1736 | 3904 |
3905 Anonymous FTP: | |
3906 /sics.se:archive/emacs-gayle.tar.Z (patches for 18.55) | |
2703
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3907 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.58.diff.tar.Z (patches) |
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3908 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.59-gayle.tar.Z (patched Emacs) |
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3909 |
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3910 Epoch's 8-bit character support is based on Anders Edenbrandt's patches. |
1736 | 3911 Lucid Emacs has the ctl-arrow patch installed. Nemacs displays 8-bit |
3912 characters, and it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859 | |
3913 alphabet, but I don't know for sure (see question 149). | |
3914 | |
3915 148: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
3916 | |
3917 Minor modes for ISO Latin-1 that allow one to easily input this character | |
3918 set have been written by several people. Such modes have been written by | |
3919 Matthieu Herrb <matthieu@laas.fr> (laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/iso-latin-1.el), | |
3920 Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> {FTP site??}, and Marc Shapiro | |
3921 <shapiro@sor.inria.fr> {FTP site??}. | |
3922 | |
3923 These approaches differ from the one taken by Anders Edenbrandt in that | |
3924 his method uses direct 8-bit input, while these methods use a compose | |
3925 sequence for 8-bit characters. {I have heard conflicting reports on | |
3926 whether this results in losing the Meta key. Perhaps this depends on | |
3927 whether Emacs is running under X. Can someone resolve this?} | |
3928 | |
3929 Karl Heuer <karl@haddock.ima.isc.com> is said to have a patch to allow | |
3930 8-bit input. Georg-Wilhelm Koltermann <gwk@crmunich0.cray.com> also has a | |
3931 patch for either 18.57 or 18.58 that allows 8-bit input. | |
3932 | |
3933 Epoch comes with a patch that allows it to input 8-bit characters, but it | |
3934 is not enabled by default. {Is this right?} | |
3935 | |
3936 Jamie Zawinski says: | |
3937 | |
3938 Lucid GNU Emacs allows the input of any ISO-8859/1 keysyms that your | |
3939 keyboard generates (see xmodmap), and contains a package that implements | |
3940 a DEC/OpenWindows-like "Compose" key for systems which don't have one. | |
3941 | |
3942 149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters? | |
3943 | |
3944 Nemacs 3.3.2 (Nihongo GNU Emacs) is a modified version of GNU Emacs 18.55 | |
3945 that handles kanji characters. It is available via anonymous FTP: | |
3946 | |
3947 /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z | |
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changeset
|
3948 /miki.cs.titech.ac.jp:JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z |
1736 | 3949 |
3950 You might also need files for "wnn", a kanji input method | |
3951 (wnn-4.0.3{-README,.tar.Z} {on which machine?}). You need a terminal (or | |
3952 terminal emulator) that can display text encoded in JIS, Shift-JIS, or EUC | |
3953 (Extended Unix Code), or the ability to run Nemacs as a direct X Window | |
3954 client. | |
3955 | |
3956 150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese? | |
3957 | |
3958 `cemacs' by Stephen G. Simpson <simpson@math.psu.edu> is a patch to Emacs | |
3959 18.57 (the ctl-arrow patch) and some Emacs Lisp code that combined with | |
3960 Cxterm allows using Chinese characters. It is available via anonymous | |
3961 FTP: | |
3962 | |
3963 /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/chinese/cemacs.tar.Z | |
3964 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z | |
3965 | |
3966 Cxterm is available from the same place: | |
3967 | |
3968 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cxterm-11.5.1.tar.Z | |
3969 | |
3970 151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
3971 | |
3972 Joel M. Hoffman <joel@wam.umd.edu> writes: | |
3973 | |
3974 A couple of years ago a wrote a hebrew.el file that allows right-to-left | |
3975 editing of Hebrew. I relied on the hardware to display the Hebrew | |
3976 letters, given the right codes, but not for any right-to-left support; | |
3977 the hardware also doesn't have to send any specific char. codes. Emacs | |
3978 keeps track of when the user is typing Hebrew vs. English. (The VT-* | |
3979 terminals in Israel contain built-in support for Hebrew.) | |
3980 | |
3981 To get it to work I had to modify only a few lines of GNU Emacs's source | |
3982 code --- just enough to make it 8-bit clean. | |
3983 | |
3984 [and in a separate message:] | |
3985 | |
3986 It doesn't produce time-order ["sefer" format] (I wouldn't recommend | |
3987 trying that with emacs, because converting time-order to screen-order | |
3988 with arbitrarily long lines is a bit tricky), but I also concocted a | |
3989 quick filter to convert screen-order into time-order. I'll be happy to | |
3990 send you the requisite files if you want them. If you're using it for | |
3991 anything large, however, you'll want something that works better. | |
3992 | |
3993 Joel Hoffman has also written a "bi-directional bi-lingual Emacs-like" | |
3994 editor for MS-DOS named Ibelbe (Itty Bitty Emacs-Like Bidirectional | |
3995 Editor). Ibelbe is written in Turbo Pascal and comes with source code. | |
3996 Here is the description: | |
3997 | |
3998 Ibelbe looks like emacs (it even has a minibuffer and filename | |
3999 completion), and fully supports both right-to-left and left-to-right | |
4000 editing. Other than an EGA monitor or better, no special hardware is | |
4001 required. You will need an EGA Hebrew font to use Ibelbe with Hebrew. | |
4002 | |
4003 Anonymous FTP: | |
4004 /israel.nysernet.org:israel/msdos/ibelbe.zip | |
4005 /israel.nysernet.org:israel/msdos/hebfont.zip | |
4006 | |
4007 Joseph Friedman <yossi@deshaw.com, yossi@Neon.Stanford.EDU> has written | |
4008 patches for Emacs 18.55 and 18.58 that provide Semitic language support | |
4009 under X Windows. | |
4010 | |
4011 Warren Burstein <warren@itex.jct.ac.il> says he has mapped 7-bit keys by | |
4012 modifying self-insert-command "for Hebrew input on 7-bit keyboards". | |
4013 | |
4014 A good suggestion is to query archie for files named with `hebrew'. | |
4015 | |
4016 GNU Emacs FAQ: Mail and News | |
4017 | |
4018 This portion of the GNU Emacs FAQ list is cross-posted to `gnu.emacs.gnus' | |
4019 because many of the questions herein deal with GNUS. See `gnu.emacs.help' for | |
4020 the rest of the FAQ list. | |
4021 | |
4022 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
4023 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
4024 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
4025 | |
4026 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
4027 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
4028 | |
4029 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
4030 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
4031 deletions occurred. | |
4032 | |
4033 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
4034 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
4035 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
4036 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
134 | 4037 |
4038 | |
597 | 4039 |
1736 | 4040 Mail and News |
134 | 4041 |
1736 | 4042 152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
4043 | |
4044 Many people want Emacs to prefix included text with something like ` > ' | |
4045 instead of with three spaces. One way is to change the code of the | |
4046 function `mail-yank-original' in lisp/sendmail.el that prefixes with | |
4047 spaces. A more flexible solution is to use Supercite, which provides wide | |
4048 configurability in how you format included text in replies. See question | |
4049 107. Both of these solutions work for RMAIL and GNUS. | |
4050 | |
4051 A related problem is how to prevent Emacs from including various headers | |
4052 of the replied-to message. For this, you should set the value of | |
4053 mail-yank-ignored-headers, which takes a regexp value. | |
4054 | |
4055 153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
4056 | |
4057 Two methods: | |
4058 | |
4059 1. (setq mail-self-blind t) will result in a `BCC:' header line with your | |
4060 address being added to mail composition buffers. This will cause the | |
4061 mail system to send a copy of the mail back to you. | |
4062 | |
4063 2. (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) will | |
4064 result in an `FCC:' header line with the pathname of ~/outgoing being | |
4065 added to mail composition buffers. When you send the mail, Emacs will | |
4066 save a copy of the mail in the file ~/outgoing and then strip off the | |
4067 `FCC:' line before actually sending. | |
4068 | |
4069 WARNING: There is a bug in Emacs 18.58 that prevents mail readers such | |
4070 as RMAIL from reading the saved mail messages individually. See | |
4071 question 155. | |
4072 | |
4073 WARNING: If you are visiting the file ~/outgoing at the time you send | |
4074 the mail, this can cause a variety of horrible problems. Jamie | |
4075 Zawinski has written a solution for this. | |
4076 | |
4077 It does not work to put `set record filename' in the .mailrc file. | |
4078 | |
4079 154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
4080 | |
4081 * You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
597 | 4082 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses |
4083 like this one: | |
4084 | |
1736 | 4085 To: Willy Smith <wks@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> |
4086 | |
4087 However, you do not need to separate addresses with commas in your | |
4088 .mailrc file. | |
4089 | |
4090 WARNING: Emacs breaks up aliases in the .mailrc file into multiple | |
4091 addresses both on commas and on whitespace, regardless of any use of | |
4092 quotes. This is probably a bug. You can get around this by directly | |
4093 setting the value of mail-aliases. | |
4094 | |
4095 * Emacs normally only reads the `.mailrc' file once per session, when you | |
597 | 4096 start to compose your first mail message. If you edit .mailrc, you can |
4097 type "M-ESC (build-mail-aliases) RET" to make Emacs reread .mailrc. | |
4098 (You have to include the parentheses where they are shown!) | |
4099 | |
4100 * Emacs does not interpret vendor-specific additions to the format of the | |
1736 | 4101 .mailrc file such as the `source' command. It also ignores any `set' |
4102 commands. The only commands it looks at are `alias' and `group' | |
4103 commands. | |
4104 | |
4105 155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
4106 | |
4107 There is a bug for FCC-ed messages in Emacs 18.58 where it adds a timezone | |
4108 on the "From " line after the year instead of before the year. (Before it | |
4109 didn't add the timezone at all.) This is incompatible with the standard | |
4110 format for the "From " line, and RMAIL in particular can no longer | |
4111 distinguish between the messages. Karl Berry <karl@cs.umb.edu>, Felix Lee | |
4112 <flee@cs.psu.edu>, Nick Gianniotis <nico@japan.sbi.com> and many | |
4113 others have all posted patches for this. Karl's is the simplest and just | |
4114 stops Emacs from adding the timezone: | |
4115 | |
4116 >*** ./ORIG/sendmail.el Tue Jan 28 16:22:56 1992 | |
4117 >--- ./sendmail.el Thu May 14 18:23:48 1992 | |
4118 >*************** | |
4119 >*** 285,287 **** | |
4120 > (insert "\nFrom " (user-login-name) " " | |
4121 >! (current-time-string) " " timezone "\n") | |
4122 > (insert-buffer-substring rmailbuf) | |
4123 >--- 285,287 ---- | |
4124 > (insert "\nFrom " (user-login-name) " " | |
4125 >! (current-time-string) "\n") | |
4126 > (insert-buffer-substring rmailbuf) | |
4127 | |
4128 156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder? | |
4129 | |
4130 Use rmailsort.el by Masanobu Umeda. | |
4131 | |
4132 157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
4133 | |
4134 This is the behavior of the `movemail' program which RMAIL uses. This | |
4135 indicates that movemail is configured to use lock files. | |
4136 | |
4137 RMS writes: | |
4138 | |
4139 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
4140 On these systems, movemail must write lock files, or you risk losing | |
4141 mail. You simply must arrange to let movemail write them. | |
4142 | |
4143 Other systems use the flock system call to interlock access. On these | |
4144 systems, you should configure movemail to use flock. | |
4145 | |
4146 158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format? | |
597 | 4147 |
4148 Users who just want to try RMAIL out to see how it works end up trapped | |
1736 | 4149 using it because saved mail in their `mbox' file has been converted into |
597 | 4150 an incompatible format (BABYL) that only RMAIL understands. RMAIL |
1736 | 4151 provides no obvious way to reverse this transformation. Kyle Jones has |
4152 aptly named this "the great Emacs Mail Eating Monster". To convert a mail | |
597 | 4153 file back to standard Unix format, there are several methods: |
4154 | |
4155 * Use the rmail-output ("C-o") command within RMAIL on each message in the | |
4156 file. First use M-x rmail or M-x rmail-input to visit the RMAIL file in | |
4157 Rmail mode. Type "1 j" to go to the first message. Use the C-o command | |
4158 to output the message to a Unix format file. Type "n" to go to the next | |
4159 message. Repeat. | |
4160 | |
4161 * If the file contains hundreds of messages, you may not want to repeat | |
4162 this for all of them. Instead of the above, after getting to the first | |
4163 message type this (where "mbox" is the file you want to put the messages | |
4164 in): | |
4165 | |
4166 C-x ( C-o mbox RET M-s ^From: RET M-0 C-x ) | |
4167 | |
4168 (The rmail-search command ("M-s") is used instead of just "n" because it | |
4169 is the only command which will cause an error when it reaches the last | |
4170 message in the file, which is necessary to terminate the keyboard macro. | |
4171 This will fail if there are messages in the file that don't have a | |
4172 `From:' header. This assumes rmail-delete-after-output is nil.) | |
4173 | |
4174 It is wise to save a copy of the RMAIL file first, in case you make a | |
4175 mistake. | |
4176 | |
4177 * There are software packages available for converting files or even | |
4178 entire directories of BABYL files to standard Unix format. These are | |
4179 helpful in this situation, but are intended mainly for people who have | |
4180 used RMAIL for a long time and are converting to some other mail reader. | |
4181 Lookup `rmail', `vm', and `babyl' in the Emacs Lisp Archive (see | |
1736 | 4182 question 89). |
597 | 4183 |
4184 You may wish to disable RMAIL to avoid accidentally destroying your mbox | |
4185 file (I have this in my .emacs): | |
4186 | |
4187 (put 'rmail 'disabled t) ; avoid mbox destruction | |
4188 | |
1736 | 4189 159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? |
4190 | |
4191 Example: | |
4192 | |
4193 emacs -f gnus | |
4194 | |
4195 Also: | |
4196 | |
4197 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
4198 | |
4199 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader from | |
4200 your .emacs file. This would cause problems if you needed to run two | |
4201 copies of Emacs at one time. Also, this would make it difficult for you | |
4202 to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. | |
4203 | |
4204 160: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
597 | 4205 |
4206 There are at least three news reading packages that operate inside Emacs. | |
1736 | 4207 `rnews' comes with Emacs. GNUS and Gnews come separately. rnews will |
597 | 4208 be replaced by GNUS in Emacs 19. |
4209 | |
4210 rnews works only with a local news spool directory. Both GNUS and Gnews | |
4211 handle reading news remotely via NNTP in addition to reading from a local | |
4212 news spool. GNUS supports reading mail stored in MH folders or articles | |
4213 saved by GNUS. | |
4214 | |
1736 | 4215 Gnews is styled after `rn' and seems to work like RMAIL. GNUS feels more |
597 | 4216 like VM. People have complained that GNUS uses a lot of CPU time (it |
4217 does). Some people have complained that Gnews is slower than GNUS. | |
4218 | |
1736 | 4219 For more information about GNUS, see question 108. |
597 | 4220 |
4221 Gnews was written by Matthew P. Wiener <weemba@libra.wistar.upenn.edu>. | |
4222 The latest version seems to be 2.0, posted October 3, 1988. Matthew | |
4223 posted some fixes on October 26, 1988. Gnews does not appear to have been | |
4224 supported after this date. In particular, it has been reported that Gnews | |
4225 does not work with Emacs 18.57. There is a newsgroup for Gnews called | |
134 | 4226 gnu.emacs.gnews. |
4227 | |
1736 | 4228 161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news? |
4229 | |
4230 rnews doesn't speak NNTP. You may need to use GNUS or Gnews. | |
4231 | |
4232 162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP? | |
4233 | |
4234 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
4235 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one before | |
4236 blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version 1.5.11 | |
4237 claims to fix this. | |
4238 | |
4239 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
4240 | |
4241 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
4242 | |
4243 I also have a patch for NNTP 1.5.10 by Mike Pelletier | |
4244 <stealth@engin.umich.edu> that is based on the timeout code that was in | |
4245 1.5.9. However, please try to upgrade to 1.5.11 first. | |
4246 | |
4247 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
4248 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine (ie., | |
4249 `telnet server-machine 119'). The server should give its version number | |
4250 in the welcome message. Type `quit' to get out. | |
4251 | |
4252 163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)? | |
4253 | |
4254 Underlining appears like this: | |
4255 | |
4256 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
4257 | |
4258 You can destructively remove underlining with M-x ununderline-region. | |
4259 | |
4260 For ClariNews articles, clari-clean.el by David N. Blank-Edelman | |
4261 <dnb@meshugge.media.mit.edu> will remove both underlining and overstriking | |
4262 automatically. | |
4263 | |
4264 164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get | |
4265 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd" | |
4266 | |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
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4267 Upgrade to Emacs 18.58 or higher. |
1736 | 4268 |
4269 165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS? | |
4270 | |
4271 Use gnus-mark.el by Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>. | |
4272 | |
4273 166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column? | |
4274 | |
4275 This is a feature. If you set gnus-thread-hide-subject to non-nil, GNUS | |
4276 will only display the subject of the first posting in a thread, even if | |
4277 some of the replies use different subjects. It hides the subjects by | |
4278 putting them past the edge of the window and setting truncate lines to t. | |
4279 | |
4280 If your screen looks messed up, then for some reason truncate-lines in | |
4281 your `*Subject*' buffer has been set to nil. It should be set to t. | |
4282 | |
4283 (I have an enhancement to GNUS 3.13 that will make it only hide the subject | |
4284 of a posting when it is unchanged from the followed-up-to posting. Thus, | |
4285 you can use the subject hiding feature and still know when someone changes | |
4286 the subject. (I have forgotten who originally gave me the idea for this.)) | |
4287 | |
4288 167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up? | |
4289 | |
4290 GNUS does several things that take quadratic time of the number of | |
4291 newsgroups that are listed in .newsrc. The quick fix for this is to | |
4292 remove all the newsgroups in which you have no interest from your .newrc | |
4293 file by using GNUS's C-k command in the `*Newsgroup*' buffer after | |
4294 displaying all newsgroups with the L command. If you were to directly | |
4295 edit your .newsrc to remove the newsgroups, GNUS would add them back. | |
4296 | |
4297 GNUS uses a quadratic algorithm to check for duplicates when the .newsrc | |
4298 file is newer than the .newsrc.el file (ie., you edited your .newsrc). | |
4299 GNUS uses a quadratic algorithm to check for new newsgroups every time it | |
4300 connects to the news server. {There may be other quadratic algorithms | |
4301 that I am not aware of.} | |
4302 | |
4303 You can speed up GNUS by using the C-k command in the *Newsgroup* buffer | |
4304 to remove newsgroups from your .newsrc file. | |
4305 | |
4306 Of course, GNUS will run faster if you make sure it is byte-compiled. | |
4307 | |
4308 Felix Lee wrote some enhancements called `gnus-speedups.el' that fix some | |
4309 of the problems. See the Emacs Lisp Archive. | |
4310 | |
4311 168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS? | |
4312 | |
4313 In the `*Newsgroup*' buffer, type the following magical incantation: | |
4314 | |
4315 M-< C-x ( C-@ c y C-u C-@ C-e C-f C-f M-0 C-x ) | |
4316 | |
4317 Leave off the "M-<" if you only want to catch up from point to the end of | |
4318 the `*Newsgroup' buffer. | |
4319 | |
4320 169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line? | |
4321 | |
4322 GNUS 3.14.1 will complain that the `Newsgroups:', `Keywords:', and | |
4323 `Control:' headers are `Unknown header field's. | |
4324 | |
4325 For the `Newsgroups:' header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
4326 `Xref' header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article. | |
4327 | |
4328 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
4329 this: | |
4330 | |
4331 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
4332 | |
4333 Various people (eg., Greg Holley <holley@acuson.com>) have posted | |
4334 solutions to allow more efficient killing on these headers than the | |
4335 preceding solution. Masanobu Umeda plans to fix this problem. | |
4336 | |
4337 170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections? | |
4338 | |
4339 GNUS outputs "NNTP: Reading..." message and then clears them, over and | |
4340 over. In version 3.14.1 there is a variable named nntp-debug-read that | |
4341 can help. Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> wrote a fix. Others have also written | |
4342 fixes. | |
4343 | |
4344 171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS? | |
4345 | |
4346 Because GNUS is marking crosspostings read. {I think it should do this at | |
4347 the time the article is read to spread out the load. Maybe someone will | |
4348 write the code to do this.} | |
4349 | |
4350 172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting? | |
4351 | |
4352 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> explains: | |
4353 | |
4354 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
4355 POST asks C News's inews to not background itself but rather hang around | |
4356 and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. | |
4357 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the | |
4358 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
4359 long time because inews is calling relaynews, which often waits for | |
4360 another relaynews to free the lock on the news system so it can file the | |
4361 article. | |
4362 | |
4363 My preferred solution is to change inews to not call relaynews, but | |
4364 rather use newsspool. This loses some error-catching functionality, but | |
4365 is for the most part safe as inews will detect a lot of the errors on | |
4366 its own. The C News folks have sped up inews, too, so speed should look | |
4367 better to most folks as that update propagates around. | |
4368 | |
4369 173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine? | |
4370 | |
4371 Three possible reasons: local distribution, C News date problem (see | |
4372 question 174, and the path problem. This piece of code may fix the path | |
4373 problem for you: | |
4374 | |
4375 (setq gnus-use-generic-path t) | |
4376 | |
4377 174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid? | |
4378 | |
4379 GNUS generates `Date:' headers without time zones. C-News's `inews' | |
4380 doesn't replace it with a valid header, but will generate it if not | |
4381 already there. If it is invalid, the article will not be forwarded | |
4382 properly. Quick fix: | |
4383 | |
4384 (defun gnus-inews-date () nil) | |
4385 | |
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diff
changeset
|
4386 This is not fixed as of GNUS 3.14.1. |
1736 | 4387 |
4388 175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header? | |
4389 | |
4390 GNUS was written for B news, which would generate the `Lines:' header. C | |
4391 news doesn't. There is a comment in C news's `inews' that you can | |
4392 uncomment to enable this functionality. Or you can have GNUS generate the | |
4393 header, for example: | |
4394 | |
4395 ;; idea by jbryans@beach.csulb.edu (Jack Bryans) | |
4396 (defun add-lines-header () | |
4397 ;; Count the number of lines in the current posting and insert the | |
4398 ;; header line Lines into the message. | |
4399 (save-excursion | |
4400 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
4401 (if (search-forward "\n\n") ;; ***** I suspect this is wrong ***** | |
4402 (let ((lines (count-lines (point) (point-max)))) | |
4403 (forward-line -1) | |
4404 (insert-string "Lines: " lines "\n"))))) | |
4405 | |
4406 Mike Williams <mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> has written something similar. | |
4407 | |
4408 Ronald Florence <ron@mlfarm.com> has a patch for GNUS that makes it | |
4409 calculate the `Lines:' header for incoming articles when necessary that | |
4410 works for sites with local news spools. | |
4411 | |
4412 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> says that GNUS 3.14.1 generates Lines | |
4413 if gnus-news-system is Cnews. | |
4414 | |
4415 176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS? | |
4416 | |
4417 Specifically, the error message is this: | |
4418 | |
4419 Error occurred processing gnus.el: File error (("Cannot open load file" "nntp")) | |
4420 | |
4421 This means that nntp.el is not in Emacs's load-path, which is easy to | |
4422 happen when compiling using the Makefile. | |
4423 | |
4424 Easiest solution: set EMACSLOADPATH in Makefile (idea from Glenn Gribble | |
4425 <glenn@netcom.com>): | |
4426 | |
4427 EMACSLOADPATH=/usr/local/emacs/lisp:. | |
4428 ELC= env EMACSLOADPATH=$(EMACSLOADPATH) emacs -batch -f batch-byte-compile | |
4429 | |
4430 Another solution, in hack.el put this: | |
4431 | |
4432 (defun gross-hack () (setq load-path (cons "/directory" load-path))) | |
4433 | |
4434 Then in Makefile: | |
4435 | |
4436 ELC= emacs -batch -l hack.el -f gross-hack -f batch-byte-compile | |
4437 | |
4438 177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern? | |
4439 | |
4440 Example: | |
4441 | |
4442 ;; kill everything | |
4443 (gnus-kill "subject" "" nil nil) | |
4444 ;; then restore stuff by our favorite poster | |
4445 (gnus-kill "from" "good-guy" | |
4446 (function | |
4447 (lambda () | |
4448 (if (eq ?X (char-after (save-excursion | |
4449 (beginning-of-line 1) | |
4450 (point)))) | |
4451 (gnus-Subject-clear-mark-forward 1)))) | |
4452 t) | |
4453 | |
4454 | |
4455 | |
4456 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
4457 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells | |
4458 Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes | |
4459 | |
4460 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
4461 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
4462 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new | |
4463 information. The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as | |
4464 apply to the FAQ itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice | |
4465 or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining | |
4466 the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and | |
4467 information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including | |
4468 FTP information). The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these | |
4469 conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary | |
4470 work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution. |