annotate doc/misc/sem-user.texi @ 112412:647e164c1f3e

aclocal.m4: put this file back into repository This way, we don't have to assume that the maintainer has the automake package installed. See <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2011-01/msg00746.html>. * .bzrignore: Remove aclocal.m4, undoing the previous change. * Makefile.in (top_maintainer_clean): Do not remove aclocal.m4, undoing the previous change. * aclocal.m4: New file (actually, resurrected).

@c This file is included by semantic.texi

@c Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009,
@c   2010, 2011  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@c Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
@c document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@c Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
@c Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
@c no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
@c section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.

You can begin using @semantic{} by enabling Semantic mode, a global
minor mode: type @kbd{M-x semantic-mode}, or open the @samp{Tools}
menu and click on the menu item named @samp{Source Code Parsers
(Semantic)}.  @xref{Semantic mode}.

When Semantic mode is turned on, Emacs automatically parses each file
you visit.  You can then use @semantic{} user commands in those
buffers (@pxref{Semantic mode user commands}).  You can also choose to
enable a number of ``helper'' minor modes for saving tags, displaying
tag information, and so forth.

To enable Semantic mode each time you start Emacs, add the line
@code{(semantic-mode 1)} to your initialization file.  @xref{Init
File,,,emacs,Emacs manual}.

@menu
* Semantic mode::       Global minor mode for @semantic{}.
* SemanticDB::          Caching parsed buffers between sessions.
* Idle Scheduler::      @semantic{} actions that occur when idle.
* Analyzer::            Semantic tools for analyzing code.
* Speedbar::            Using @semantic{} with the Speedbar.
* SymRef::              Interface to symbol reference tools.
* MRU Bookmarks::       Managing tag ``bookmarks''.
* Sticky Func Mode::    Showing declarations in the header line.
* Highlight Func Mode:: Highlight the current function declaration.
* Tag Decoration Mode:: Minor mode to decorate tags.
@end menu

@node Semantic mode
@section Semantic mode
@cindex Semantic mode

Semantic mode is a global minor mode for @semantic{} as a whole.  When
enabled, each file you visit is automatically parsed, provided its
major mode is specified in the variable
@code{semantic-new-buffer-setup-functions} (the default value of this
variable sets up parsing for all the parsers included with Emacs, but
you may add to it if you install additional parsers).

In each parser-enabled buffer, a number of @semantic{} commands are
available for navigating, querying, and editing source code.
@xref{Semantic mode user commands}.  Enabling Semantic mode also
installs a @samp{Development} menu on the menu-bar, with many of these
commands.

In addition, enabling Semantic mode turns on certain auxiliary global
minor modes.  The variable @code{semantic-default-submodes} determines
which auxiliary modes are enabled; the defaults are SemanticDB mode
(@pxref{SemanticDB}) and Global Semantic Idle Scheduler mode
(@pxref{Idle Scheduler}).  You can also toggle the auxiliary minor
modes separately, using their mode functions (e.g. @kbd{M-x
semanticdb-minor-mode}), or via the @samp{Development} menu.  The
various auxiliary minor modes are described in the following sections.

@defvar semantic-new-buffer-setup-functions
The value of this variable is an alist of functions to call for
setting up @semantic{} parsing in the buffer.  Each element has the
form @code{(@var{mode} . @var{fn})}, where @var{mode} is a value of
@code{major-mode} for the buffer and @var{fn} is the corresponding
function for setting up the parser.  @var{fn} is called, with no
arguments, after the major mode is initialized (and after the mode
hooks have been run).

The default value enables @semantic{} for all supported major modes
(i.e., C, C++, Scheme, Javascript, Java, HTML, SRecode, and Make), but
you can remove modes from this list if you don't want to use
@semantic{} with them.
@end defvar

@defvar semantic-default-submodes
The value of this variable is a list of symbols, specifying the
auxiliary minor modes to enable when enabling Semantic mode.  The
valid mode symbols are:

@itemize
@item @code{global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode} (@pxref{Idle Scheduler}).
@item @code{global-semanticdb-minor-mode} (@pxref{SemanticDB}).
@item @code{global-semantic-idle-summary-mode} (@pxref{Idle Summary Mode}).
@item @code{global-semantic-idle-completions-mode} (@pxref{Idle Completions Mode}).
@item @code{global-semantic-highlight-func-mode} (@pxref{Highlight Func Mode}).
@item @code{global-semantic-decoration-mode} (@pxref{Tag Decoration Mode}).
@item @code{global-semantic-stickyfunc-mode} (@pxref{Sticky Func Mode}).
@item @code{global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode} (@pxref{MRU Bookmarks}).
@end itemize
@end defvar

@menu
* Semantic mode user commands::
@end menu

@node Semantic mode user commands
@subsection Semantic mode user commands

Semantic mode provides a number of commands for navigating, querying,
and editing source code in a language-aware manner.  These commands
generally act on @dfn{tags}, which are the source-code units deemed
``important'' by the present programming language (e.g. functions in
the C programming language).

These commands may be used in any buffer that has been parsed by
@semantic{}.  Several of them prompt for a tag name using the
minibuffer; here, the @kbd{TAB} key can be used to complete tag names.
Others act on the @dfn{current tag}, meaning the tag at (or around)
point.

@table @kbd
@item C-c , j
Prompt for a tag defined in the current file, and move point to it
(@code{semantic-complete-jump-local}).

@item C-c , J
Prompt for a tag defined in any file that Emacs has parsed, and move
point to it (@code{semantic-complete-jump}).

@item C-c , l
Display a list of the possible completions of the current tag
(@code{semantic-analyze-possible-completions}).

@item C-c , g
Prompt for a tag, and display a list of tags that call it
(@code{semantic-symref-symbol}).  This relies on the presence of an
external symbol reference tool.  @xref{SymRef}.

@item C-c , G
Display a list of tags that call the current tag
(@code{semantic-symref}).  This relies on the presence of an external
symbol reference tool.  @xref{SymRef}.

@item C-c , p
Move point to the previous tag (@code{senator-previous-tag}).

@item C-c , n
Move point to the next tag (@code{senator-next-tag}).

@item C-c , u
Move point ``up'' one reference (@code{senator-go-to-up-reference}).
The meaning of ``up'' is language-dependent; in C++, for instance,
this means moving to the parent of the current tag.

@item C-c, @key{SPC}
Display a list of possible completions for the symbol at point
(@code{semantic-complete-analyze-inline}).  This also activates a
special set of keybindings for choosing a completion: @key{RET}
accepts the current completion, @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} cycle through
possible completions, @key{TAB} completes as far as possible and then
cycles, and @kbd{C-g} or any other key aborts the completion.
@xref{Smart Completion}.

@item C-c , C-w
Kill the current tag (@code{senator-kill-tag}).  This removes the text
for that tag, placing it in the kill ring.  You can retrieve the text
with @kbd{C-y}.  This also places the tag in the @dfn{tag ring}, so
that you can yank it with @kbd{\C-c,\C-y}, below.

@item C-c , M-w
Copy the current tag into the kill ring as well as the tag ring
(@code{senator-copy-tag}).

@item C-c , C-y
Yank a tag from the tag ring (@code{senator-yank-tag}).

@item C-c , r
Copy the current tag into a register
(@code{senator-copy-tag-to-register}).  With an optional argument,
kill it as well.  This allows you to insert or jump to that tag with
the usual register commands.  @xref{Registers,,,emacs,Emacs manual}.

@item \C-c , @kbd{up}
Transpose the current tag with the previous one
(@code{senator-transpose-tags-up}).

@item C-c , @kbd{down}
Transpose the current tag with the next one
(@code{senator-transpose-tags-down}).
@end table

@node SemanticDB
@section Semantic Database
@cindex SemanticDB

The Semantic Database (SemanticDB) caches the results of parsing
source code files.  This data can be saved to disk when you exit
Emacs, and reloaded automatically when you subsequently revisit the
same source code files.  This saves time by eliminating the need to
re-parse unmodified files.

SemanticDB also provides an @acronym{API} that programs can use to
acquire information about source code tags.  This information can be
accessed without loading the original the source files into memory.
It can also be used to create alternate ``back-ends'' for storing tag
information in alternative on-disk formats.

By default, SemanticDB is enabled together with Semantic mode.  To
disable it, remove it from @code{semantic-default-submodes}
(@pxref{Semantic mode}).  You can also enable or disable SemanticDB
with @kbd{M-x global-semanticdb-minor-mode}.

@deffn Command global-semanticdb-minor-mode
Toggle SemanticDB mode.  When enabled, any source code parsed by
@semantic{} is cached in a database.
@end deffn

SemanticDB offers a large number of customizable options, which are
described in the following subsections.

@menu
* Semanticdb Tag Storage::
* Semanticdb Search Configuration::
* Changing Backends::
* Create System Databases::
@end menu

@node Semanticdb Tag Storage
@subsection Semanticdb Tag Storage

Each time you exit Emacs, any data cached by SemanticDB is saved in
the directory @file{.emacs.d/semanticdb/}, located in your home
directory.  Within this directory, the cache data is written into a
set of files according to a SemanticDB-specific filename convention.
If the SemanticDB directory does not exist, Emacs first asks if you
want to create it.

You can change the name of the SemanticDB directory by customizing the
variable @code{semanticdb-default-save-directory}.

@deffn Option semanticdb-default-save-directory
The name of the directory where SemanticDB cache files are saved.  If
the value is @code{nil}, SemanticDB saves its data into a single file,
in the current directory, whose filename is given by
@code{semanticdb-default-file-name}.
@end deffn

@deffn Option semanticdb-default-file-name
The name of a cache file in which to save SemanticDB, when
@code{semanticdb-default-save-directory} is @code{nil}.
@end deffn

You can force SemanticDB to save the data from only certain files, or
suppress saving altogether, by customizing
@code{semanticdb-persistent-path}:

@deffn Option semanticdb-persistent-path
List of valid paths for SemanticDB to cache.  Each element should be a
directory name (a string); then the parse data from any file in that
directory is saved.

As a special exception, the value of this variable can be a list
containing a single symbol: @code{never}, @code{always}, or
@code{project}.  The symbol @code{never} disables saving anywhere;
@code{always} enables saving everywhere; and @code{project} enables
saving directory based on the variable
@code{semanticdb-project-predicate-functions}.

The default value is @code{(always)}.
@end deffn

@defvar semanticdb-project-predicate-functions
The value of this variable is a list of predicates for indicating that
a directory belongs to a project.  This list is used when the value of
@code{semanticdb-persistent-path} is @code{(project)}.  If the list is
empty, all paths are considered valid.

Project management packages, such as EDE (@pxref{Top,,,ede,EDE
manual}), may add their own predicates with @dfn{add-hook} to this
variable.  This allows SemanticDB to save tag caches in directories
controlled by them.
@end defvar

@deffn Option semanticdb-save-database-hooks
Abnormal hook run after a database is saved.  Each function is called
with one argument, the object representing the database recently
written.
@end deffn

@node Semanticdb Search Configuration
@subsection Semanticdb Search Configuration

  When another part of @semantic{} (or another Emacs package using
@semantic{}) queries the SemanticDB library for a source code tag, the
search need not be limited to tags defined within the current file.
It can include tags defined elsewhere, such as @dfn{header files}
referenced by the current file (e.g., via the C/C++ @code{#include}
directive).  While performing the search, the SemanticDB library may
even automatically visit other files and parse them, if necessary.

  The variable @code{semanticdb-find-default-throttle} determines how
aggressively SemanticDB searches for source code tags.  @xref{Search
Throttle}.

  The details of SemanticDB searches can vary from language to
language.  In C/C++ code, for example, SemanticDB distinguishes
between @dfn{project header files} and @dfn{system header files},
based on whether the @code{#include} directive uses the @code{""} or
@code{<>} filename delimiter.  SemanticDB looks for system header in
the @dfn{system include path} (@pxref{Include paths}).

@menu
* Search Throttle::     Controlling how semanticdb searches occur.
* Semanticdb Roots::    Specifying the root of different projects.
* Include paths::       Specifying the directories to search.
* Semanticdb search debugging commands::
@end menu

@node Search Throttle
@subsubsection SemanticDB Search Throttle

The SemanticDB @dfn{search throttle} determines how aggressive
SemanticDB searches are.  It is controlled by the variable
@code{semanticdb-find-default-throttle}.  The default value of this
variable aims for maximum accuracy, at the expense of search time.

Other parts of the @semantic{} package, particularly the different
language parsers, may change the value of
@code{semanticdb-find-default-throttle}.  You can override its value,
for a given major mode, like this:

@example
(setq-mode-local c-mode
                 semanticdb-find-default-throttle
                 '(project unloaded system recursive))
@end example

@defvar semanticdb-find-default-throttle
The default throttle for @code{semanticdb-find} routines.
The throttle controls how detailed the list of database
tables is for a symbol lookup.  The value is a list with
the following keys:

@table @code
@item file
The file the search is being performed from.  This option is here for
completeness only, and is assumed to always be on.
@item local
Tables from the same local directory are included.  This includes
files directly referenced by a file name which might be in a different
directory.
@item project
Tables from the same local project are included If @code{project} is
specified, then @code{local} is assumed.
@item unloaded
If a table is not in memory, load it.  If it is not cached on disk
either, get the source, parse it, and create the table.
@item system
Tables from system databases.  These are specifically tables
from system header files, or language equivalent.
@item recursive
For include based searches, includes tables referenced by included
files.
@item omniscience
Included system databases which are omniscience, or somehow know
everything.  Omniscience databases are found in
@code{semanticdb-project-system-databases}.  The Emacs Lisp system
@var{db} is an omniscience database.
@end table
@end defvar

@node Semanticdb Roots
@subsubsection SemanticDB project roots

The @code{project} setting in the SemanticDB search throttle
(@pxref{Search Throttle}) tells SemanticDB to search within the
current single code project.  For @semantic{}'s point of view,
@dfn{projects} are determined by their top-level directories, or
@dfn{project roots}; every subdirectory of a project root is
considered part of the same project.

If you use EDE for project management, it will set the project roots
automatically.  @xref{Top,,,ede,EDE manual}.  You can also specify
them yourself.

@deffn Option semanticdb-project-roots
The value of this variable is a list of directories (strings) that are
project roots.  All subdirectories of a project root are considered
part of the same project.  This variable can be overriden by
@code{semanticdb-project-root-functions}.
@end deffn

@defvar semanticdb-project-root-functions
The value of this variable is a list of functions to determine a given
directory's project root.  These functions are called, one at a time,
with one argument (the directory name), and must return either
@code{nil}, a string (the project root), or a list of strings
(multiple project roots, for complex systems).  The first
non-@code{nil} return value, if any, is taken to be the project root,
overriding @code{semanticdb-project-roots}.
@end defvar

@node Include paths
@subsubsection Include Paths

System include paths are standard locations to find source code tags,
such as the @dfn{header files} in @file{/usr/include} and its
subdirectories on Unix-like operating systems.

You can add and remove system include paths using the following
commands:

@deffn Command semantic-add-system-include dir &optional mode
Prompts for a directory, @var{dir}, and add it as a system include
path for the current major mode.  When called non-interactively, the
major mode can be specified with the @var{mode} argument.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-remove-system-include dir &optional mode
Prompt for a directory, @var{dir}, and remove it from the system
include path for the current major mode (or @var{mode}).
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-customize-system-include-path &optional mode
Customize the system include path for the current major mode (or
@var{mode}).
@end deffn

@defun semanticdb-implied-include-tags
Include tags implied for all files of a given mode.  You can set this
variable with @code{defvar-mode-local} for a particular mode so that
any symbols that exist for all files for that mode are included.
@end defun

@c @xref{Search Optimization}, for more information on include paths.

@node Semanticdb search debugging commands
@subsubsection Semanticdb search debugging commands

You can use @kbd{M-x semanticdb-dump-all-table-summary} to see the
list of databases that will be searched from a given buffer.  You can
follow up with @kbd{M-x semanticdb-find-test-translate-path} to then
make sure specific tables from the path are discovered correctly.
Alternately, you can get a list of include files @semantic{}
encountered, but could not find on disk using @kbd{M-x
semanticdb-find-adebug-lost-includes}.

@deffn Command semanticdb-dump-all-table-summary
Dump a list of all databases in Emacs memory.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semanticdb-find-test-translate-path &optional arg
Call and output results of @dfn{semanticdb-find-translate-path}.  In
the displayed buffer, you can type @key{SPC} to expand items.  With
@var{arg} non-@code{nil}, specify a @var{brutish} translation.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semanticdb-find-adebug-lost-includes
Translate the current path, then display the lost includes.
Examines the variable @code{semanticdb-find-lost-includes}.
@end deffn

Lastly, you can test an explicit search term using this command:

@deffn Command semantic-adebug-searchdb regex
Search the semanticdb for @var{regex} for the current buffer.
Display the results as a debug list.
@end deffn

@node Changing Backends
@subsection Changing Backends

If you want to use some other form of backend, you can use this
variable to choose which back end class to use for your general tag
storage.

The default is to save databases in flat files.  Alternatively, you
could write a new database backend that stores tags into a database,
or other storage system.

@defvar semanticdb-new-database-class
The default type of database created for new files.  This can be
changed on a per file basis, so that some directories are saved using
one mechanism, and some directories via a different mechanism.
@end defvar

@node Create System Databases
@subsection Create System Databases

If your supported language stores the system libraries in readily
available parsable source code, you can pre-generate database files
for them once, which will be used over and over for tools such as
summary-mode, or the analyzer.

@deffn Command semanticdb-create-ebrowse-database dir
Create an @var{ebrowse} database for directory @var{dir}.
The database file is stored in ~/.semanticdb, or whichever directory
is specified by @code{semanticdb-default-system-save-directory}.
@end deffn

@node Idle Scheduler
@section Idle Scheduler
@cindex Idle Scheduler

The @dfn{Semantic Idle Scheduler} is a part of @semantic{} that
performs various operations while Emacs is waiting for user input
(idle time).  Its primary job is to perform buffer parsing during idle
time.  You can also use the Idle Scheduler to display function
prototypes (@pxref{Idle Summary Mode}) or symbol completions
(@pxref{Idle Completions Mode}).

@deffn Command global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode &optional arg
This command toggles Semantic Idle Scheduler mode in every
@semantic{}-enabled buffer.  This minor mode ensures that the buffer
is automatically reparsed whenever Emacs is idle.  If there is
additional idle time, it runs jobs scheduled by other parts of
@semantic{}, such as Semantic Idle Summary mode (@pxref{Idle Summary
Mode}) and Semantic Idle Completions mode (@pxref{Idle Completions
Mode}).
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-idle-scheduler-idle-time
The value of this variable is the amount of idle time, in seconds,
before the Semantic idle scheduler activates.  The default is 1.
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-idle-scheduler-verbose-flag
If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the idle scheduler prints verbose
messages while running, which are useful for debugging.
@end deffn

@menu
* Reparsing Options::          Reparsing the current buffer in idle time.
* Idle Working Options::       Options for extra work done at idle time.
* Debugging Idle Time Issues:: How to produce good bug reports.
* Idle Summary Mode::          Display prototype of symbol under cursor.
* Idle Completions Mode::      Smart completion pop-up help.
@end menu

@node Reparsing Options
@subsection Reparsing Options

When activated during idle time, the Semantic idle scheduler
automatically reparses all buffers that need it.  Any arriving user
input cancels this, returning Emacs to its normal editing behavior.

@deffn Option semantic-idle-scheduler-max-buffer-size
Maximum size in bytes of buffers automatically reparsed.  If this
value is less than or equal to @var{0}, buffers are automatically
reparsed regardless of their size.
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-idle-scheduler-no-working-message
If non-@code{nil}, disable display of working messages whie reparsing.
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-idle-scheduler-working-in-modeline-flag
If non-@code{nil}, show working messages in the mode line.  Normally,
re-parsing shows messages in the minibuffer; this moves the parse
message to the modeline instead.
@end deffn

@defvar semantic-before-idle-scheduler-reparse-hook
This normal hook is run just before the idle scheduler begins
reparsing.  If any hook function throws an error, the value of this
variable is reset to @code{nil}.  This hook is not protected from
lexical errors.
@end defvar

@defvar semantic-after-idle-scheduler-reparse-hook

This normal hook is run after the idle scheduler finishes reparsing.
If any hook throws an error, this variable is reset to @code{nil}.
This hook is not protected from lexical errors.
@end defvar

@node Idle Working Options
@subsection Idle Working Options

In addition to reparsing buffers, the Semantic idle scheduler performs
additional operations, including the following:

@itemize
@item
Creating the include path caches required for symbol lookup.
@item
Create data type caches.
@item
Saving SemanticDB caches to disk.
@item
Speculatively parsing the files in the same directory as the current
buffer.
@end itemize

Because this extra work is quite time-consuming, it is only carried
out after a longer idle delay.  The following features control how the
idle work is performed.

@deffn Option semantic-idle-scheduler-work-idle-time
The value of this variable is the amount of idle time, in seconds,
before commencing idle work.  The default is 60.
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-idle-work-parse-neighboring-files-flag
If the value of this variable is non-@code{nil}, the Semantic idle
scheduler uses idle work time to parse files in the same directory as
the current buffer.  This improves the accuracy of tag searches and
saves time when visiting those files later, at the cost of doing a lot
of parsing.  The default is @code{t}.
@end deffn

@node Debugging Idle Time Issues
@subsection Debugging Idle Time Issues

If you see an error signalled during idle time, it could be an
indication of a more serious issue elsewhere.  It is not enough to
enable @code{debug-on-error}, because the idle scheduler inhibits the
debugger.  Instead, use the following commands to debug the error:

@deffn Command semantic-debug-idle-function
Run the Semantic idle function with debugging turned on.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-debug-idle-work-function
Run the Semantic idle work function with debugging turned on.
@end deffn

@node Idle Summary Mode
@subsection Idle Summary Mode

Semantic Idle Summary mode is a minor mode that displays a short
summary of the symbol at point, such as its function prototype, in the
echo area.  Its functionality is similar to what ElDoc mode provides
for Emacs Lisp (@pxref{Lisp Doc,,,emacs,Emacs manual}).

@deffn global-semantic-idle-summary-mode &optional arg
This command toggles Semantic Idle Summary mode in all
@semantic{}-enabled buffers.  You can also toggle it via the
@samp{Show Tag Summaries} menu item in the @samp{Development} menu.
@end deffn

When Semantic Idle Summary mode is active, a summary of the tag at
point is displayed in the echo area.  This display takes place during
the idle time, as given by @code{semantic-idle-scheduler-idle-time}
(@pxref{Idle Scheduler}).

You can override the method for getting the current tag to display by
setting @code{idle-summary-current-symbol-info}.

@deffn Option semantic-idle-summary-function
The value of this variable should be a function to call to display tag
information during idle time.  See the variable
@code{semantic-format-tag-functions} for a list of useful functions.
@end deffn

@defvar semantic-idle-summary-out-of-context-faces
The value of this variable is a list of font-lock faces indicating
useless summary contexts.  These are generally faces used to highlight
comments or strings.  Semantic Idle Summary mode does not display its
usual summary if the text at point has one of these faces.
@end defvar

@node Idle Completions Mode
@subsection Idle Completions Mode

Semantic Idle Completions mode is a minor mode for performing
@dfn{code completions} during idle time.  The completions are
displayed inline, with keybindings that allow you to cycle through
different alternatives.

Semantic Idle Completions mode performs completion based on the
Semantic Analyzer (@pxref{Analyzer}).

@deffn global-semantic-idle-completions-mode &optional arg
This command toggles Semantic Idle Completions mode in every
@semantic{}-enabled buffer.  You can also toggle it via the @samp{Show
Tag Completions} menu item in the @samp{Development} menu.
@end deffn

If the tag at point has at least one completion, Semantic Idle
Completions mode displays that completion inline---i.e., as part of
the buffer text (you can change the display method by customizing
@code{semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class}, as
described below).  The completed part is highlighted, to indicate that
it is not yet properly inserted into the buffer.  The echo area shows
the completion, and whether there are other possible completions, like
this:

@example
besselj [1 of 6 matches]
@end example

@noindent
While the completion is being displayed, the following keybindings
take effect:

@table @kbd
@item @key{RET}
@itemx C-m
Accept the current completion (@code{semantic-complete-inline-done}),
placing it in the buffer and moving point to the end of the completed
tag.
@item M-n
Select the next possible completion
(@code{semantic-complete-inline-down}).  The new completion is shown
inline, replacing the old completion.
@item M-p
Select the previous possible completion
(@code{semantic-complete-inline-up}).
@item @key{TAB}
@item C-i
Accept as much of the completion as possible.  If no additional
completion can be accepted without ambiguity, select the next possible
completion (@code{semantic-complete-inline-TAB}).
@item C-g
Quit without completing (@code{semantic-complete-inline-quit}).
@end table

@noindent
You can also exit inline completion by issuing any other Emacs
command.  The completion text then disappears from the buffer.

@deffn Command semantic-complete-analyze-inline-idle
This is the command for performing inline code completion.  It is
called by Semantic Idle Completions mode during idle time, but you can
also call it yourself.  It returns immediately, leaving the buffer in
a state for inline completion.
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class
The value of this variable determines how
@code{semantic-complete-analyze-inline-idle} shows its completions.
Possible values include:

@table @code
@item semantic-displayor-ghost
Display completions ``inline'' with the buffer text, as described
above.  This is the default value.

@item semantic-displayor-tooltip
Display completions in a tooltip.

@item semantic-displayor-traditional
Display completions in a separate window.
@end table
@end deffn

@node Analyzer
@section Analyzer
@cindex Analyzer

The Semantic Analyzer is a library for performing context analysis on
source code.  It provides user commands for displaying, completing,
and navigating through source code.

@menu
* Smart Completion::       Performing code completion.
* Smart Summary::          Displaying help on a symbol.
* Smart Jump::             Jumping to the definition of a tag.
* Analyzer Debug::         Debugging problems with the analyzer.
@end menu

@node Smart Completion
@subsection Smart Completion

The Semantic Analyzer can be used to perform code completion in a
manner that takes the local context into account.  (In addition to the
user commands in this section, Semantic Idle Completions mode also
uses the Semantic Analyzer.  @xref{Idle Completions Mode}.)

@deffn Command semantic-analyze-possible-completions context
This is the most basic command for Semantic Analyzer-based completion.
Called interactively, it displays a list of the possible completions
for the symbol at point.

When called from a Lisp program,
@code{semantic-analyze-possible-completions} does not display a
completions list.  The argument @var{context} should be either a
buffer position, or a context object.  The return value is a list of
@semantic{} tag objects that complete the symbol for @var{context},
based on the following criteria:

@itemize
@item Elements currently in scope.
@item Constants currently in scope.
@item Elements matching the context's @code{:prefix}.
@item Type of the completion matching the type of the context.
@end itemize

Most of the other commands documented in this section call
@code{semantic-analyze-possible-completions} internally.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-complete-analyze-inline
This command is bound to @kbd{C-c , @key{SPC}} when Semantic mode is
enabled (@pxref{Semantic mode user commands}).  It displays a list of
possible completions for the symbol at point, and activates a special
set of keybindings for choosing a completion.

You can type @key{RET} to accept the current completion, @kbd{M-n} and
@kbd{M-p} to cycle through the possible completions, @key{TAB} to
complete as far as possible and then cycle through completions, and
either @kbd{C-g} or any other key to abort the completion.

This command is similar to the completion performed by Semantic Idle
Completions mode.  The main difference is that it is called
explicitly, whereas Semantic Idle Completions mode completes during
idle time (@pxref{Idle Completions Mode}).
@end deffn

@deffn Option semantic-complete-inline-analyzer-idle-displayor-class
The value of this variable determines how
@code{semantic-complete-analyze-inline} shows its completions.
Possible values include:

@table @code
@item semantic-displayor-traditional
Display completions in a separate window.  This is the default value.

@item semantic-displayor-ghost
Display completions ``inline'' with the buffer text, similar to the
default behavior of Semantic Idle Completions mode (@pxref{Idle
Completions Mode}).

@item semantic-displayor-tooltip
Display completions in a tooltip.
@end table
@end deffn

In addition to @code{semantic-complete-analyze-inline}, you can use
the simpler command @code{semantic-ia-complete-symbol point}.  This
behaves like the usual @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{complete-symbol})
command (@pxref{Symbol Completion,,,emacs,Emacs manual}), except it
uses the Semantic Analyzer.

@deffn Command semantic-ia-complete-symbol point
Complete the current symbol at @var{point}.
@end deffn

@node Smart Summary
@subsection Smart Summary

You can use the following commands to obtain information about the
code at point:

@deffn Command semantic-ia-show-summary pos
Display a summary for the symbol at @var{pos}.  Called interactively,
@var{pos} defaults to point.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-ia-show-doc pos
Display the code-level documentation for the symbol at @var{pos}.
Called interactively, @var{pos} defaults to point.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-ia-describe-class typename
Prompt for the name of a data type, @var{typename}, and display its
components.  For instance, if the type in question is a class, this
displays the methods and member variables.
@end deffn

You can also use Semantic Idle Summary mode to show information about
the current symbol in the echo area during idle time.  @xref{Idle
Summary Mode}.

@node Smart Jump
@subsection Smart Jump

The Semantic Analyzer can be used to jump directly to the definition
for a code symbol.

@deffn Command semantic-ia-fast-jump pos
Jump to the definition for the symbol at @var{pos}.  Called
interactively, @var{pos} defaults to point.
@end deffn

@defun semantic-ia-fast-mouse-jump event
Jump to the definition for the symbol at the position of the mouse
event @var{event}.  This command is meant to be bound to a mouse
command, like this:

@example
(global-set-key '[(S-mouse-1)] semantic-ia-fast-mouse-jump)
@end example
@end defun

These commands are often more accurate than than the @code{find-tag}
command (@pxref{Tags,,,emacs,Emacs manual}), because the Semantic
Analyzer is context-sensitive.

You can also use @kbd{C-c , j} (@code{semantic-complete-jump-local})
and @kbd{C-c , J} (@code{semantic-complete-jump}) to navigate tags.
@xref{Semantic mode user commands}.  Those commands do not make use of
the Semantic Analyzer.

@node Analyzer Debug
@subsection Debugging the Semantic Analyzer

If the Semantic Analyzer does not analyze your code properly, you can
take steps to identify and solve the problem.  This section was
written with C/C++ in mind, but should be relevant for any typed
language.

@subsubsection Step 1: Check the context

To check the current context, type @kbd{M-x
semantic-analyze-current-context}.

@deffn Command semantic-analyze-current-context pos
Analyze the context at @var{pos}.  This function is used by most of
the other Semantic Analyzer commands to obtain the context of the code
at a given buffer position.  The return value is an EIEIO object
describing the context at @var{pos} (@pxref{Top,,,eieio,EIEIO
manual}).

When called interactively, this displays a @samp{*Semantic Context
Analysis*} buffer containing a summary of the context at point.
@end deffn

@noindent
The Prefix section of the @samp{*Semantic Context Analysis*} buffer
lists the tags based on the text at point.  If it shows only a simple
string, the Semantic was unable to identify what the data type was.

The first item in the list of the prefix is the first lookup failure
in the chain, and that is the item to focus debugging effort on.  For
example:

@example
Context Type: #<semantic-analyze-context context>
Bounds: (182 . 185)
Prefix: Foo* bar
        int bbb (const char* y)
Prefix Types: class Foo @{@}
--------
-> Local Vars: int argc
               char** argv
@end example

In this example you can see that the prefix has two fully found tags.
In the following example, the symbol ``bbb'' is incomplete, and could
not be found:

@example
Context Type: #<semantic-analyze-context context>
Bounds: (182 . 184)
Prefix: Foo* bar
        "bb"
Prefix Classes: 'function
                'variable
Prefix Types: class Foo @{@}
--------
-> Local Vars: int argc
               char** argv
@end example

@subsubsection Step 2 : Check your include path

Once you know the missing symbol, check your include path.  The header
or include file containing the needed definition may not be in the
list of headers @semantic{} is searching through.  To get a basic
list, you can use @kbd{M-x semanticdb-find-test-translate-path}.
@xref{Semanticdb search debugging commands}.

If items should be loaded but aren't, or if you see some tables that
have no tags in them, then you you may have an incorrectly-set search
throttle (@pxref{Search Throttle}).  For example,

@example
*#<semanticdb-table main.cpp (4 tags DIRTY)>
*#<semanticdb-table foo.hh (0 tags DIRTY)>
@end example

Here, @semantic{} found @file{foo.hh}, but there are 0 tags.  This may
be because you had set the throttle to avoid reading and parsing files
that Emacs has not visited.  To fix this, visit the file and let
@semantic{} parse it.

For C++, check also that the @samp{#include} statements for your
project-level files use quotes, not angle brackets; angle brackets are
for system files.

@subsubsection Step 3: Check the local scope

If your data type is somehow abbreviated based on scope, such as from
a @code{using} statement, you should make sure that the symbol you
want is in the local scope.  Examine the scope with @kbd{M-x
semantic-calculate-scope}.  The scope structure is displayed in ADEBUG
mode, so use @kbd{SPC} to expand different elements and looking for
your symbol.

If your symbol should be in the scope, but you cannot find it, then
you may have found a language support bug in the local-variable
parser, or using statement parser.

Calling @kbd{M-x bovinte} should force a reset on the scope in case
there is merely some bad state.

@example
 ] Name: Cache
 ] Class: #'semantic-scope-cache
 ] :table #<semanticdb-table testsubclass.cpp (13 tags DIRTY)>
 ] tag createMoose : class moose
 ] scopetypes 'nil
 ] parents #<TAG LIST: 1 entries>
 ] scope #<TAG LIST: 22 entries>
 ] fullscope #<TAG LIST: 23 entries>
 ] localvar #<TAG LIST: 6 entries>
@end example

In the above sample output, the @code{tag} slot specifies where within
you source this scope is relevant.  @code{Parents} should contain any
in scope parents, such as the class a method belongs to.
@code{Localvar} should contain your local variables.  @code{Scope}
should contain datatypes in scope due to a @code{using} statement or
the like.

@subsubsection Step 4: Check the typecache

For complex typed languages like C++, @semantic{} creates a typecache,
or an optimized search table with all the various data types in it.
Elements in the typecache do not obey local scope.  It only contains
fully qualified names.  You can examine the typecache with
@kbd{M-x semanticdb-typecache-dump}.

If your data types are not in the typecache, there may be some parsing
error or other bug.  Calling @kbd{M-x bovinte} should force a reset on
the typecache in case there is merely some bad state.

@example
]#<semanticdb-typecache /home/zappo/cedet/semantic/tests/testsubclass.cpp>
   ] Name: /home/zappo/cedet/semantic/tests/testsubclass.cpp
   ] Class: #'semanticdb-typecache
   ] filestream 'nil
   ] includestream #<TAG LIST: 84 entries>
   ] stream 'nil
   ] dependants 'nil
@end example

In the above example, the output of @kbd{M-x semanticdb-typecache-dump}
was expanded one level.  The @code{filestream} slot should contain
datatypes in the current file.  The @code{includestream} should
contain all the datatypes in all included header files.

The @code{dependants} slot will specify other files that depend on
this one.

@subsubsection Step 5: Check the parser

Go to the location where your unfound tag should be.  You can call
@kbd{M-x bovinate}, and see a dump of the raw tag structure.  To see a
navigable tree, use @kbd{M-x semantic-adebug-bovinate} instead.  You
can then look to make sure your tag has been properly parsed.

If it has not, then you may have found a parser bug.  To get a feel
how @semantic{} treats your file, type @kbd{M-x
global-semantic-show-unmatched-syntax-mode}.  This causes any syntax
it cannot parse to be underlined in red.

If your type is not parsable, it could be for a couple of reasons:

@enumerate
@item
If there is a MACRO keyword used in the definition of the type, you
may need to update the @code{semantic-lex-c-preprocessor-symbol-map}
to account for it.

@item
Or perhaps the parser needs to be fixed.
@end enumerate

@node Speedbar
@section Speedbar
@cindex speedbar

You can integrate @semantic{} with the Speedbar.
@xref{Speedbar,,,emacs,Emacs manual}.  To do this, add the following
line to your init file:

@example
(add-hook 'speedbar-load-hook (lambda () (require 'semantic/sb)))
@end example

@noindent
Or, alternatively:

@example
(require 'semantic/sb)
@end example

Once installed, the Speedbar will use @semantic{} to find and display
tags.  Tags from @semantic{} are displayed with more details than
ordinary Speedbar tags, such as function arguments and return type.

In addition, you can use the Speedbar to show the output of the
Semantic Analyzer (@pxref{Analyzer}).  To do this, go to the
@samp{Display} menu item on the Speedbar menu and select
@samp{Analyze}; or type @kbd{M-x semantic-speedbar-analysis}.

@deffn Command semantic-speedbar-analysis
Start the Speedbar in Semantic Analysis mode.
@end deffn

In Semantic Analysis mode, the Speedbar displays information about the
local context, such as the current function, local arguments and
variables, and details on the prefix (the current symbol).  Each entry
has an @samp{<i>} button; clicking on this shows a summary of what
@semantic{} knows about that variable or type.  The Speedbar also
displays a list of possible completions at point.

@node SymRef
@section Symbol References
@cindex symref

@semantic{} can interface with external @dfn{symbol reference tools},
such as GNU Global and GNU Idutils.  These tools provide information
about where different tags or symbols appear.

By default, @semantic{} tries to look for the best external symbol
reference tool that can be used.  The supported tools are GNU Global,
GNU Idutils, CScope, and Grep (the fallback method).  For best
results, use GNU Global.  However, @semantic{} does not manage your
GNU Global tables for you; you must manage them yourself.

@defvar semantic-symref-tool
The value of this variable is a symbol that determines the external
symbol reference tool to use.  The default value, @code{detect}, says
to look for the best available tool.  Other possible values are
@code{global}, @code{idutils}, @code{cscope}, and @code{grep}.  Note
that @code{grep} is much slower than the others.
@end defvar

The commands to display symbol references are @kbd{C-c , g}
(@code{semantic-symref-symbol} and @kbd{C-c , G}
(@code{semantic-symref}).  These keybindings are available whenever
Semantic mode is enabled (@pxref{Semantic mode user commands}).

@deffn Command semantic-symref-symbol sym
This command (normally bound to @kbd{C-c , g}) prompts for a symbol
name, and uses an external reference tool to find references to that
tag.
@end deffn

@deffn Command semantic-symref
This command (normally bound to @kbd{C-c , G}) uses an external
reference tool to find references to the current tag.
@end deffn

Both @code{semantic-symref-symbol} and @code{semantic-symref} display
a list of symbol references in a separate buffer.  The entries are
organized by file, and by function name.  Typing @key{RET} on the
@samp{[+]} next to each function name ``expands'' that entry, listing
all references to the target symbol occurring within that function.
Typing @kbd{RET} on a reference line jumps to that reference.

@node MRU Bookmarks
@section MRU Bookmarks mode
@cindex semantic-mru-bookmark-mode

Semantic MRU Bookmarks mode is a minor mode that keeps track of the
tags you have edited, allowing you to quickly return to them later
(MRU stands for ``Most Recently Used'').

@deffn Command global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode &optional arg
Toggle Semantic MRU Bookmarks mode globally.  The minor mode can be
turned on only if the current buffer was set up for parsing.  With
argument @var{arg}, turn the minor mode if @var{arg} is positive, and
off otherwise.
@end deffn

Semantic MRU Bookmarks mode takes note of each tag you edit.
Afterwards, you can type @kbd{C-x B}
(@code{semantic-mrub-switch-tags}) to return to a tag.  This command
prompts for a tag name, completing with the names of edited tags; at
the prompt, you can use @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} to cycle through tags
in order of last modification time.

@node Sticky Func Mode
@section Sticky Function mode

Semantic Sticky Function minor mode displays a header line that shows
the declaration line of the function or tag on the topmost line in the
text area.  This allows you to keep that declaration line in view at
all times, even if it is scrolls off the ``top'' of the screen.

In addition, clicking @kbd{Mouse-1} on the header line opens a context
menu that contains menu items for copying, killing, or narrowing to
that tag.

@deffn Command global-semantic-stickyfunc-mode &optional arg
Toggle Semantic Sticky Function mode in all Semantic-enabled buffers.
With an optional argument @var{arg}, enable if @var{arg} is positive,
and disable otherwise.
@end deffn

@defvar semantic-stickyfunc-sticky-classes
The value of this variable is a list of tag classes that Semantic
Sticky Function mode makes ``sticky''.  The default is
@code{'(function type)}, meaning function declarations and type
declarations.  Other possible tag classes are @code{variable},
@code{include}, and @code{package}.
@end defvar

@node Highlight Func Mode
@section Highlight Func Mode
@cindex semantic-highlight-func-mode

Semantic Highlight Function minor mode highlights the declaration line
of the current function or tag (that is to say, the first line that
describes the rest of the construct).

In addition, clicking @kbd{Mouse-3} on the highlighted declaration
line opens a context menu that contains menu items for copying,
killing, or narrowing to that tag.

The tag classes highlighted by Semantic Highlight Function mode are
the same ones given by @code{semantic-stickyfunc-sticky-classes}.
@xref{Sticky Func Mode}.

@defun global-semantic-highlight-func-mode &optional arg
Toggle Semantic Highlight Function mode in all Semantic-enabled
buffers.  With an optional argument @var{arg}, enable if @var{arg} is
positive, and disable otherwise.
@end defun

@deffn Face semantic-highlight-func-current-tag-face
This face is used to highlight declaration lines in Semantic Highlight
Func mode.
@end deffn

@node Tag Decoration Mode
@section Tag Decoration Mode
@cindex semantic-decoration-mode

Semantic Tag Decoration mode ``decorates'' each tag based on certain
arbitrary features of that tag.  Decorations are specified using the
variable @code{semantic-decoration-styles}.

@deffn Command global-semantic-decoration-mode &optional arg
Toggle Semantic Tag Decoration mode in all Semantic-enabled buffers.
With an optional argument @var{arg}, enable if @var{arg} is positive,
and disable otherwise.
@end deffn

@defvar semantic-decoration-styles
The value of this variable is a list of decoration styles for Semantic
Tag Decoration mode.  Each element in this list should have the form
@code{(@var{name} . @var{flag})}, where @var{name} is a style name (a
symbol) and @var{flag} is non-@code{nil} if the style is enabled.

The following styles are available:

@table @code
@item semantic-tag-boundary
Place an overline in front of each long tag (excluding prototypes).

@item semantic-decoration-on-private-members
Highlight class members that are designated as private.

@item semantic-decoration-on-protected-members
Highlight class members that are designated as protected.

@item semantic-decoration-on-includes
Highlight class members that are includes.  Clicking on the
highlighted include statements opens a context menu for configuring
@semantic{} includes.
@end table
@end defvar

To enable or disable specific decorations, use this function:

@deffn Command semantic-toggle-decoration-style name &optional arg
Prompt for a decoration style, @var{name}, and turn it on or off.
With prefix argument @var{arg}, turn on if positive, otherwise off.
Return non-@code{nil} if the decoration style is enabled.
@end deffn

@deffn Face semantic-tag-boundary-face
Face for long tags in the @code{semantic-tag-boundary} decoration
style.
@end deffn

@deffn Face semantic-decoration-on-private-members-face
Face for privately-scoped tags in the
@code{semantic-decoration-on-private-members} decoration style.
@end deffn

@deffn Face semantic-decoration-on-protected-members-face
Face for protected tags in the
@code{semantic-decoration-on-protected-members} decoration style.
@end deffn

@deffn Face semantic-decoration-on-includes
Face for includes that are not in some other state, in the
@code{semantic-decoration-on-includes} decoration style.
@end deffn

@deffn Face semantic-decoration-on-unknown-includes
Face for includes that cannot be found, in the
@code{semantic-decoration-on-includes} decoration style.
@end deffn

@deffn Face semantic-decoration-on-unparsed-includes
Face for includes that have not yet been parsed, in the
@code{semantic-decoration-on-includes} decoration style.
@end deffn

@subsection Creating New Decoration Modes

You can create new types of decorations using the following function:

@defun define-semantic-decoration-style name doc &rest flags
Define a new decoration style with @var{name}.
@var{doc} is a documentation string describing the decoration style @var{name}.
It is appended to auto-generated doc strings.
An Optional list of @var{flags} can also be specified.  Flags are:
  @code{:enabled} <value>  - specify the default enabled value for @var{name}.


This defines two new overload functions respectively called @code{NAME-p}
and @code{NAME-highlight}, for which you must provide a default
implementation in respectively the functions @code{NAME-p-default} and
@code{NAME-highlight-default}.  Those functions are passed a tag.  @code{NAME-p}
must return non-@code{nil} to indicate that the tag should be decorated by
@code{NAME-highlight}.

To put primary decorations on a tag @code{NAME-highlight}, use
functions like @dfn{semantic-set-tag-face},
@dfn{semantic-set-tag-intangible}, etc., found in the
semantic-decorate library.

To add other kind of decorations on a tag, @code{NAME-highlight} must use
@dfn{semantic-decorate-tag}, and other functions of the semantic
decoration @var{api} found in this library.
@end defun