Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/xresources.texi @ 90395:65fc70a77429
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author | Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org> |
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date | Mon, 15 May 2006 02:49:33 +0000 |
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, |
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3 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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5 @node X Resources, Antinews, Emacs Invocation, Top |
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6 @appendix X Options and Resources |
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7 |
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8 You can customize some X-related aspects of Emacs behavior using X |
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9 resources, as is usual for programs that use X. On MS-Windows, you |
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10 can customize some of the same aspects using the system registry. |
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11 @xref{MS-Windows Registry}. Likewise, the Mac Carbon port emulates X |
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12 resources using the Preferences system. @xref{Mac Environment Variables}. |
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13 |
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14 When Emacs is built using an `X toolkit', such as Lucid or LessTif, |
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15 you need to use X resources to customize the appearance of the |
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16 widgets, including the menu-bar, scroll-bar, and dialog boxes. This |
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17 is because the libraries that implement these don't provide for |
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18 customization through Emacs. GTK+ widgets use a separate system of |
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19 `GTK resources', which we will also describe. |
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21 @menu | |
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22 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general). |
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23 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs. |
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24 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces. |
40591 | 25 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. |
26 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. | |
49322 | 27 * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets. |
40591 | 28 @end menu |
29 | |
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30 @node Resources |
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31 @appendixsec X Resources |
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32 @cindex resources |
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33 @cindex X resources |
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34 @cindex @file{~/.Xdefaults} file |
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35 @cindex @file{~/.Xresources} file |
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36 |
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37 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user |
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38 options under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify |
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39 default values for these options in your X resources file, usually |
48045 | 40 named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or @file{~/.Xresources}. |
41 If changes in @file{~/.Xdefaults} do not | |
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42 take effect, it is because your X server stores its own list of |
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43 resources; to update them, use the shell command @command{xrdb}---for |
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44 instance, @samp{xrdb ~/.Xdefaults}. |
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45 |
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46 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a |
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47 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs |
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48 (optionally even for all programs). |
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49 |
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50 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows) |
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51 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but |
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52 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows |
44326 | 53 Registry, under the key @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} |
54 and then under the key @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}. | |
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55 The menu and scrollbars are native widgets on MS-Windows, so they are |
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56 only customizable via the system-wide settings in the Display Control |
61103 | 57 Panel. You can also set resources using the @samp{-xrm} command line |
58 option (see below.) | |
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59 |
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60 Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also |
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61 define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in |
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62 Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the |
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63 internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width |
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64 of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the |
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65 @samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these |
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66 names. |
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67 |
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68 Every resource definition is associated with a specific program |
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69 name---the name of the executable file that you ran. For Emacs, that |
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70 is normally @samp{emacs}. To specify a definition for all instances |
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71 of Emacs, regardless of their names, use @samp{Emacs}. |
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72 |
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73 In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource |
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74 on one line, like this: |
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75 |
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76 @example |
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77 emacs.borderWidth: 2 |
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78 @end example |
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79 |
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80 @noindent |
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81 Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources |
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82 in that class. Here's an example: |
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83 |
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84 @example |
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85 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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86 @end example |
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87 |
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88 If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all |
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89 resources in that class. You can specify values for individual |
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90 resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular |
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91 resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all |
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92 borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border: |
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93 |
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94 @example |
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95 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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96 emacs.borderWidth: 4 |
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97 @end example |
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98 |
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99 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. |
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100 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. |
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101 Here is a list of X command-line options and their corresponding |
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102 resource names. |
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103 |
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104 @table @samp |
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105 @item -name @var{name} |
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106 @opindex --name |
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107 @itemx --name=@var{name} |
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108 @cindex resource name, command-line argument |
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109 Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial |
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110 Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp |
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111 programs can specify frame names when they create frames. |
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112 |
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113 If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs |
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114 executable's name as the resource name. |
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115 |
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116 @item -xrm @var{resource-values} |
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117 @opindex --xrm |
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118 @itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values} |
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119 @cindex resource values, command-line argument |
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120 Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below). |
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121 @end table |
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122 |
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123 For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for |
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124 other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame. |
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125 |
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126 The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its |
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127 name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of |
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128 @samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs, |
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129 regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable |
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130 file. Here is an example: |
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131 |
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132 @example |
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133 Emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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134 Emacs.borderWidth: 4 |
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135 @end example |
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136 |
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137 You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to |
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138 use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text |
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139 @var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file |
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140 of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in |
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141 @var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file. |
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142 You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full |
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143 of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm} |
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144 take precedence over all other resource specifications. |
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145 |
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146 One way to experiment with the effect of different resource settings |
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147 is to use the @code{editres} program. Select @samp{Get Tree} from the |
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148 @samp{Commands} menu, then click on an Emacs frame. This will display |
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149 a tree showing the structure of X toolkit widgets used in an Emacs |
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150 frame. Select one of them, such as @samp{menubar}, then select |
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151 @samp{Show Resource Box} from the @samp{Commands} menu. This displays |
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152 a list of all the meaningful X resources and allows you to edit them. |
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153 Changes take effect immediately if you click on the @samp{Apply} button. |
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154 (See the @code{editres} man page for more details.) |
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155 |
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156 @node Table of Resources |
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157 @appendixsec Table of X Resources for Emacs |
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158 |
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159 This table lists the resource names that designate options for |
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160 Emacs, not counting those for the appearance of the menu bar, each |
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161 with the class that it belongs to: |
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162 |
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163 @table @asis |
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164 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) |
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165 Background color name. |
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166 |
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167 @item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon}) |
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168 Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window |
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169 manager choose an icon if @samp{off}. |
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170 |
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171 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) |
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172 Color name for the external border. |
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173 |
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174 @item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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175 Width in pixels of the external border. |
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176 |
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177 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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178 Color name for text cursor (point). |
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179 |
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180 @item @code{cursorBlink} (class @code{CursorBlink}) |
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181 Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. The default is @samp{on}. Use |
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182 @samp{off} or @samp{false} to turn cursor blinking off. |
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183 |
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184 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) |
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185 Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}). |
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186 |
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187 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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188 Color name for text. |
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189 |
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190 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) |
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191 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as |
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192 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well |
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193 as the Emacs frame itself. |
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194 |
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195 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the |
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196 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame |
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197 name, only that frame). However, the size, if specified here, applies to |
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198 all frames. |
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199 |
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200 @item @code{fullscreen} (class @code{Fullscreen}) |
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201 The desired fullscreen size. The value can be one of @code{fullboth}, |
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202 @code{fullwidth} or @code{fullheight}, which correspond to |
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203 the command-line options @samp{-fs}, @samp{-fw}, and @samp{-fh} |
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204 (@pxref{Window Size X}). |
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205 |
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206 Note that this applies to all frames created, not just the initial |
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207 one. |
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208 |
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209 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) |
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210 Name to display in the icon. |
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211 |
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212 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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213 Width in pixels of the internal border. |
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214 |
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215 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class @code{LineSpacing}) |
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216 @cindex line spacing |
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217 @cindex leading |
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218 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
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219 |
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220 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
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222 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if |
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223 @samp{off}. @xref{Lucid Resources}, and @ref{LessTif Resources}, for |
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224 how to control the appearance of the menu bar if you have one. |
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225 |
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226 @item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer}) |
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227 If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame. |
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228 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. |
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229 |
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230 @item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font}) |
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231 @cindex font for menus |
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232 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. |
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233 |
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234 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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235 Color of the mouse cursor. |
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236 |
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237 @item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap}) |
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238 If @samp{on}, use a private color map, in the case where the ``default |
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239 visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it. |
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240 |
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241 @item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo}) |
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242 Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as |
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243 specified if @samp{off}. |
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244 |
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245 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
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246 @cindex gamma correction |
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247 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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248 @code{screen-gamma}. |
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249 |
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251 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For |
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252 toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif |
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253 Resources}.) |
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254 |
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256 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. | |
257 If the selection owner doesn't reply in this time, we give up. | |
258 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. | |
259 | |
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260 @item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous}) |
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261 @cindex debugging X problems |
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262 @cindex synchronous X mode |
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263 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is |
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264 useful for debugging X problems. |
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265 |
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266 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
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267 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. |
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268 |
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269 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
51131 | 270 @cindex tool bar |
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271 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
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272 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
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273 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
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274 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
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275 |
51131 | 276 @item @code{useXIM} (class @code{UseXIM}) |
277 @cindex XIM | |
278 @cindex X input methods | |
279 @cindex input methods, X | |
280 Turn off use of X input methods (XIM) if @samp{false} or @samp{off}. | |
281 This is only relevant if your Emacs is actually built with XIM | |
282 support. It is potentially useful to turn off XIM for efficiency, | |
283 especially slow X client/server links. | |
284 | |
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285 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) |
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286 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if |
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287 @samp{off}. |
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288 |
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289 @item @code{visualClass} (class @code{VisualClass}) |
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290 Specify the ``visual'' that X should use. This tells X how to handle |
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291 colors. |
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292 |
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293 The value should start with one of @samp{TrueColor}, |
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294 @samp{PseudoColor}, @samp{DirectColor}, @samp{StaticColor}, |
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295 @samp{GrayScale}, and @samp{StaticGray}, followed by |
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296 @samp{-@var{depth}}, where @var{depth} is the number of color planes. |
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297 Most terminals only allow a few ``visuals,'' and the @samp{dpyinfo} |
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298 program outputs information saying which ones. |
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299 @end table |
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300 |
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301 @node Face Resources |
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302 @appendixsec X Resources for Faces |
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303 |
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304 You can use resources to customize the appearance of particular |
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305 faces (@pxref{Faces}): |
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306 |
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307 @table @code |
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308 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground |
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309 Foreground color for face @var{face}. |
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310 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground |
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311 Background color for face @var{face}. |
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312 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline |
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313 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for |
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314 yes. |
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315 @item @var{face}.attributeStrikeThrough |
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316 @itemx @var{face}.attributeOverline |
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317 @itemx @var{face}.attributeBox |
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318 @itemx @var{face}.attributeInverse |
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319 Likewise, for other boolean font attributes. |
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320 @item @var{face}.attributeStipple |
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321 The name of a pixmap data file to use for the stipple pattern, or |
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322 @code{false} to not use stipple for the face @var{face}. |
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323 @item @var{face}.attributeBackgroundPixmap |
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324 The background pixmap for the face @var{face}. Should be a name of a |
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325 pixmap file or @code{false}. |
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326 @item @var{face}.attributeFont |
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327 Font name (full XFD name or valid X abbreviation) for face @var{face}. |
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328 Instead of this, you can specify the font through separate attributes. |
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329 @end table |
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330 |
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331 Instead of using @code{attributeFont} to specify a font name, you can |
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332 select a font through these separate attributes: |
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333 |
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334 @table @code |
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335 @item @var{face}.attributeFamily |
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336 Font family for face @var{face}. |
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337 @item @var{face}.attributeHeight |
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338 Height of the font to use for face @var{face}: either an integer |
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339 specifying the height in units of 1/10@dmn{pt}, or a floating point |
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340 number that specifies a scale factor to scale the underlying face's |
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341 default font, or a function to be called with the default height which |
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342 will return a new height. |
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343 @item @var{face}.attributeWidth |
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344 @itemx @var{face}.attributeWeight |
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345 @itemx @var{face}.attributeSlant |
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346 Each of these resources corresponds to a like-named font attribute, |
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347 and you write the resource value the same as the symbol you would use |
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348 for the font attribute value. |
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349 @item @var{face}.attributeBold |
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350 Bold flag for face @var{face}---instead of @code{attributeWeight}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for |
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351 yes. |
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352 @item @var{face}.attributeItalic |
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353 Italic flag for face @var{face}---instead of @code{attributeSlant}. |
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354 @end table |
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355 |
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356 @node Lucid Resources |
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357 @appendixsec Lucid Menu X Resources |
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358 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) |
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359 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources |
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360 |
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361 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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362 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and |
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363 has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar} |
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364 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation, or @samp{Emacs}, |
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365 which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this: |
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366 |
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367 @example |
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368 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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369 @end example |
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370 |
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371 @noindent |
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372 For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, |
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373 write this: |
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374 |
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375 @example |
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376 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 |
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377 @end example |
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378 |
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379 @noindent |
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380 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have |
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381 @samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font |
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382 @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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383 |
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384 @example |
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385 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 |
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386 @end example |
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387 |
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388 @noindent |
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389 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: |
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390 |
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391 @example |
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392 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 |
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393 @end example |
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394 |
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395 @noindent |
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396 The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. For more |
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397 information about fontsets see the man page for XCreateFontSet. To enable |
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398 multilingual menu text you specify a fontSet resource instead of the font |
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399 resource. If both font and fontSet resources are specified, the fontSet |
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400 resource is used. To specify |
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401 @samp{-*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*} for both the popup and |
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402 menu bar menus, write this: |
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403 |
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404 @example |
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405 Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,* |
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406 @end example |
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407 |
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408 @noindent |
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409 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add |
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410 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On |
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411 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. |
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412 |
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413 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: |
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414 |
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415 @table @code |
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416 @item font |
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417 Font for menu item text. |
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418 @item fontSet |
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419 Fontset for menu item text. |
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420 @item foreground |
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421 Color of the foreground. |
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422 @item background |
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423 Color of the background. |
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424 @item buttonForeground |
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425 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. |
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426 @item horizontalSpacing |
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427 Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3. |
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428 @item verticalSpacing |
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429 Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 2. |
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430 @item arrowSpacing |
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431 Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and |
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432 the associated text. Default is 10. |
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433 @item shadowThickness |
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434 Thickness of shadow line around the widget. Default is 1. |
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435 |
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436 Also determines the thickness of shadow lines around other objects, |
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437 for instance 3D buttons and arrows. If you have the impression that |
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438 the arrows in the menus do not stand out clearly enough or that the |
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439 difference between ``in'' and ``out'' buttons is difficult to see, set |
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440 this to 2. If you have no problems with visibility, the default |
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441 probably looks better. The background color may also have some effect |
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442 on the contrast. |
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443 @item margin |
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444 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. Default is 1. |
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445 @end table |
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446 |
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447 @node LessTif Resources |
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448 @appendixsec LessTif Menu X Resources |
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449 @cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets) |
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450 @cindex LessTif Widget X Resources |
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451 |
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452 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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453 with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar, the dialog |
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454 boxes, the pop-up menus, and the file-selection box are separate |
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455 widgets and have their own resources. |
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456 |
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457 The resource names for the menu bar contain @samp{pane.menubar} |
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458 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation, or |
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459 @samp{Emacs}, which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them |
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460 like this: |
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461 |
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462 @smallexample |
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463 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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464 @end smallexample |
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465 |
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466 Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's |
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467 name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word |
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468 @samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named |
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469 @samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the |
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470 same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead |
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471 of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font |
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472 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: |
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473 |
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474 @smallexample |
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475 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 |
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476 @end smallexample |
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477 |
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478 @noindent |
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479 This also specifies the resource value for submenus. |
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480 |
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481 Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X |
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482 resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named |
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483 @samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu |
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484 item looks like this: |
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485 |
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486 @smallexample |
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487 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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488 @end smallexample |
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489 |
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490 @noindent |
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491 For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current |
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492 buffer)} item: |
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493 |
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494 @smallexample |
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495 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16 |
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496 @end smallexample |
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497 |
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498 @noindent |
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499 For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Complete Word} |
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500 under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this |
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501 template: |
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502 |
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503 @smallexample |
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504 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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505 @end smallexample |
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506 |
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507 @noindent |
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508 For example, |
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509 |
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510 @smallexample |
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511 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Complete Word: @var{value} |
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512 @end smallexample |
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513 |
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514 @noindent |
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515 (This should be one long line.) |
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516 |
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517 It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items |
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518 without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the |
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519 submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask |
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520 for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them; |
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521 then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example: |
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522 |
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523 @smallexample |
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524 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 |
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525 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16 |
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526 @end smallexample |
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527 |
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528 @noindent |
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529 For LessTif pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of |
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530 @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for |
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531 the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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532 |
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533 @smallexample |
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534 Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16 |
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535 @end smallexample |
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536 |
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537 @noindent |
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538 For LessTif dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: |
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539 |
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540 @example |
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541 Emacs.dialog*.fontList: 8x16 |
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542 Emacs.dialog*.foreground: hotpink |
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543 @end example |
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544 |
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545 To specify resources for the LessTif file-selection box, use |
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546 @samp{fsb*}, like this: |
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547 |
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548 @example |
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549 Emacs.fsb*.fontList: 8x16 |
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550 @end example |
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551 |
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552 @iftex |
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553 @medbreak |
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554 @end iftex |
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555 Here is a list of the specific resources for LessTif menu bars and |
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556 pop-up menus: |
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557 |
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558 @table @code |
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559 @item armColor |
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560 The color to show in an armed button. |
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561 @item fontList |
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562 The font to use. |
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563 @item marginBottom |
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564 @itemx marginHeight |
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565 @itemx marginLeft |
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566 @itemx marginRight |
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567 @itemx marginTop |
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568 @itemx marginWidth |
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569 Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border. |
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570 @item borderWidth |
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571 The width of the border around the menu item, on all sides. |
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572 @item shadowThickness |
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573 The width of the border shadow. |
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574 @item bottomShadowColor |
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575 The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right. |
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576 @item topShadowColor |
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577 The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left. |
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578 @end table |
49322 | 579 |
580 | |
581 @node GTK resources | |
582 @appendixsec GTK resources | |
583 @cindex GTK resources and customization | |
584 @cindex resource files for GTK | |
585 @cindex @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file | |
586 @cindex @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} file | |
587 | |
70508 | 588 If Emacs was built to use the GTK widget set, then the menu bar, tool bar, |
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589 scroll bar and the dialogs are customized with the standard GTK |
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590 customization file, @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0}, or with the Emacs specific |
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591 file @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}. We recommend that you use |
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592 @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} for customizations, since @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} |
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593 seems to be ignored when running GConf with GNOME. These files apply |
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594 only to GTK widget features. To customize Emacs font, background, |
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595 faces, etc., use the normal X resources (@pxref{Resources}). |
49322 | 596 |
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597 Some GTK themes override these mechanisms, which means that using |
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598 these mechanisms will not work to customize them. |
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599 |
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600 In these files you first define a style and say what it means; then |
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601 you specify to apply the style to various widget types (@pxref{GTK |
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602 widget names}). Here is an example of how to change the font for |
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603 Emacs menus: |
49322 | 604 |
605 @smallexample | |
70508 | 606 # @r{Define the style @samp{menufont}.} |
49322 | 607 style "menufont" |
608 @{ | |
609 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" # This is a Pango font name | |
610 @} | |
611 | |
70508 | 612 # @r{Specify that widget type @samp{*emacs-menuitem*} uses @samp{menufont}.} |
49322 | 613 widget "*emacs-menuitem*" style "menufont" |
614 @end smallexample | |
615 | |
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616 Here is a more elaborate example, showing how to change the parts of |
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617 the scroll bar: |
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618 |
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619 @smallexample |
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620 style "scroll" |
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621 @{ |
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622 fg[NORMAL] = "red"@ @ @ @ @ # @r{The arrow color.} |
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623 bg[NORMAL] = "yellow"@ @ # @r{The thumb and background around the arrow.} |
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624 bg[ACTIVE] = "blue"@ @ @ @ # @r{The trough color.} |
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625 bg[PRELIGHT] = "white"@ # @r{The thumb color when the mouse is over it.} |
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626 @} |
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627 |
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628 widget "*verticalScrollBar*" style "scroll" |
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629 @end smallexample |
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630 |
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631 There are also parameters that affect GTK as a whole. For example, |
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632 the property @code{gtk-font-name} sets the default font for GTK. You |
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633 must use Pango font names (@pxref{GTK styles}). A GTK resources file |
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634 that just sets a default font looks like this: |
49322 | 635 |
636 @smallexample | |
637 gtk-font-name = "courier 12" | |
638 @end smallexample | |
639 | |
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640 The GTK resources file is fully described in the GTK API document. |
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641 This can be found in |
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642 @file{@var{prefix}/share/gtk-doc/html/gtk/gtk-resource-files.html}, |
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643 where @file{prefix} is the directory in which the GTK libraries were |
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644 installed (usually @file{/usr} or @file{/usr/local}). You can also |
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645 find the document online, at |
49322 | 646 @uref{http://developer.gnome.org/doc/API/2.0/gtk/gtk-Resource-Files.html}. |
647 | |
648 @menu | |
649 * GTK widget names:: How widgets in GTK are named in general. | |
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650 * GTK Names in Emacs:: GTK widget names in Emacs. |
49322 | 651 * GTK styles:: What can be customized in a GTK widget. |
652 @end menu | |
653 | |
654 @node GTK widget names | |
655 @appendixsubsec GTK widget names | |
656 @cindex GTK widget names | |
657 | |
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658 A GTK widget is specified by its @dfn{widget class} and |
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659 @dfn{widget name}. The widget class is the type of the widget: for |
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660 example, @code{GtkMenuBar}. The widget name is the name given to a |
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661 specific widget. A widget always has a class, but need not have a |
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662 name. |
49322 | 663 |
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664 @dfn{Absolute names} are sequences of widget names or widget |
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665 classes, corresponding to hierarchies of widgets embedded within |
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666 other widgets. For example, if a @code{GtkWindow} named @code{top} |
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667 contains a @code{GtkVBox} named @code{box}, which in turn contains |
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668 a @code{GtkMenuBar} called @code{menubar}, the absolute class name |
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669 of the menu-bar widget is @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar}, and |
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670 its absolute widget name is @code{top.box.menubar}. |
49322 | 671 |
672 When assigning a style to a widget, you can use the absolute class | |
673 name or the absolute widget name. | |
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674 |
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675 There are two commands to specify changes for widgets: |
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676 |
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677 @table @asis |
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678 @item @code{widget_class} |
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679 specifies a style for widgets based on the absolute class name. |
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680 |
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681 @item @code{widget} |
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682 specifies a style for widgets based on the absolute class name, |
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683 or just the class. |
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684 @end table |
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685 |
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686 @noindent |
61103 | 687 You must specify the class and the style in double-quotes, and put |
688 these commands at the top level in the GTK customization file, like | |
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689 this: |
49322 | 690 |
691 @smallexample | |
692 style "menufont" | |
693 @{ | |
694 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" | |
695 @} | |
696 | |
697 widget "top.box.menubar" style "menufont" | |
698 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "menufont" | |
699 @end smallexample | |
700 | |
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701 Matching of absolute names uses shell wildcard syntax: @samp{*} |
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702 matches zero or more characters and @samp{?} matches one character. |
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703 This example assigns @code{base_style} to all widgets: |
49322 | 704 |
705 @smallexample | |
706 widget "*" style "base_style" | |
707 @end smallexample | |
708 | |
709 Given the absolute class name @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar} | |
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710 and the corresponding absolute widget name @code{top.box.menubar}, all |
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711 these examples specify @code{my_style} for the menu bar: |
49322 | 712 |
713 @smallexample | |
714 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
715 widget_class "GtkWindow.*.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
716 widget_class "*GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
717 widget "top.box.menubar" style "my_style" | |
718 widget "*box*menubar" style "my_style" | |
719 widget "*menubar" style "my_style" | |
720 widget "*menu*" style "my_style" | |
721 @end smallexample | |
722 | |
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723 @node GTK Names in Emacs |
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724 @appendixsubsec GTK Widget Names in Emacs |
49322 | 725 @cindex GTK widget names |
726 @cindex GTK widget classes | |
727 | |
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728 In Emacs, the top level widget for a frame is a @code{GtkWindow} |
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729 that contains a @code{GtkVBox}. The @code{GtkVBox} contains the |
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730 @code{GtkMenuBar} and a @code{GtkFixed} widget. The vertical scroll |
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731 bars, @code{GtkVScrollbar}, are contained in the @code{GtkFixed} |
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732 widget. The text you write in Emacs is drawn in the @code{GtkFixed} |
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733 widget. |
49322 | 734 |
735 Dialogs in Emacs are @code{GtkDialog} widgets. The file dialog is a | |
736 @code{GtkFileSelection} widget. | |
737 | |
738 @noindent | |
739 To set a style for the menu bar using the absolute class name, use: | |
740 | |
741 @smallexample | |
742 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
743 @end smallexample | |
744 | |
745 @noindent | |
746 For the scroll bar, the absolute class name is: | |
747 | |
748 @smallexample | |
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749 widget_class |
49322 | 750 "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkFixed.GtkVScrollbar" |
751 style "my_style" | |
752 @end smallexample | |
753 | |
754 @noindent | |
755 The names for the emacs widgets, and their classes, are: | |
756 | |
757 @multitable {@code{verticalScrollbar plus}} {@code{GtkFileSelection} and some} | |
758 @item @code{emacs-filedialog} | |
759 @tab @code{GtkFileSelection} | |
760 @item @code{emacs-dialog} | |
761 @tab @code{GtkDialog} | |
762 @item @code{Emacs} | |
763 @tab @code{GtkWindow} | |
764 @item @code{pane} | |
765 @tab @code{GtkVHbox} | |
766 @item @code{emacs} | |
767 @tab @code{GtkFixed} | |
52671
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768 @item @code{verticalScrollBar} |
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769 @tab @code{GtkVScrollbar} |
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770 @item @code{emacs-toolbar} |
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771 @tab @code{GtkToolbar} |
49322 | 772 @item @code{menubar} |
773 @tab @code{GtkMenuBar} | |
774 @item @code{emacs-menuitem} | |
775 @tab anything in menus | |
776 @end multitable | |
777 | |
778 @noindent | |
779 Thus, for Emacs you can write the two examples above as: | |
780 | |
781 @smallexample | |
782 widget "Emacs.pane.menubar" style "my_style" | |
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783 widget "Emacs.pane.emacs.verticalScrollBar" style "my_style" |
49322 | 784 @end smallexample |
785 | |
786 GTK absolute names are quite strange when it comes to menus | |
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787 and dialogs. The names do not start with @samp{Emacs}, as they are |
49322 | 788 free-standing windows and not contained (in the GTK sense) by the |
789 Emacs GtkWindow. To customize the dialogs and menus, use wildcards like this: | |
790 | |
791 @smallexample | |
792 widget "*emacs-dialog*" style "my_dialog_style" | |
793 widget "*emacs-filedialog* style "my_file_style" | |
794 widget "*emacs-menuitem* style "my_menu_style" | |
795 @end smallexample | |
796 | |
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797 If you specify a customization in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}, then it |
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798 automatically applies only to Emacs, since other programs don't read |
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799 that file. For example, the drop down menu in the file dialog can not |
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800 be customized by any absolute widget name, only by an absolute class |
61103 | 801 name. This is because the widgets in the drop down menu do not |
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802 have names and the menu is not contained in the Emacs GtkWindow. To |
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803 have all menus in Emacs look the same, use this in |
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804 @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}: |
49322 | 805 |
806 @smallexample | |
807 widget_class "*Menu*" style "my_menu_style" | |
808 @end smallexample | |
809 | |
810 @node GTK styles | |
811 @appendixsubsec GTK styles | |
812 @cindex GTK styles | |
813 | |
814 In a GTK style you specify the appearance widgets shall have. You | |
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815 can specify foreground and background color, background pixmap and |
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816 font. The edit widget (where you edit the text) in Emacs is a GTK |
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817 widget, but trying to specify a style for the edit widget will have no |
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818 effect. This is so that Emacs compiled for GTK is compatible with |
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819 Emacs compiled for other X toolkits. The settings for foreground, |
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820 background and font for the edit widget is taken from the X resources; |
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821 @pxref{Resources}. Here is an example of two style declarations, |
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822 @samp{default} and @samp{ruler}: |
49322 | 823 |
824 @smallexample | |
825 pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps" | |
826 | |
827 style "default" | |
828 @{ | |
829 font_name = "helvetica 12" | |
830 | |
831 bg[NORMAL] = @{ 0.83, 0.80, 0.73 @} | |
832 bg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
833 bg[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.77, 0.77, 0.66 @} | |
834 bg[ACTIVE] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
835 bg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
836 | |
837 fg[NORMAL] = "black" | |
838 fg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @} | |
839 fg[ACTIVE] = "black" | |
840 fg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @} | |
841 | |
842 base[INSENSITIVE] = "#777766" | |
843 text[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.60, 0.65, 0.57 @} | |
844 | |
845 bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "background.xpm" | |
846 bg_pixmap[INSENSITIVE] = "background.xpm" | |
847 bg_pixmap[ACTIVE] = "background.xpm" | |
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848 bg_pixmap[PRELIGHT] = "<none>" |
49322 | 849 |
850 @} | |
851 | |
852 style "ruler" = "default" | |
853 @{ | |
854 font_name = "helvetica 8" | |
855 @} | |
856 | |
857 @end smallexample | |
858 | |
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859 The style @samp{ruler} inherits from @samp{default}. This way you can build |
49322 | 860 on existing styles. The syntax for fonts and colors is described below. |
861 | |
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862 As this example shows, it is possible to specify several values for |
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863 foreground and background depending on the widget's @dfn{state}. The |
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864 possible states are: |
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865 |
49322 | 866 @table @code |
867 @item NORMAL | |
868 This is the default state for widgets. | |
869 @item ACTIVE | |
870 This is the state for a widget that is ready to do something. It is | |
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871 also for the trough of a scroll bar, i.e. @code{bg[ACTIVE] = "red"} |
49322 | 872 sets the scroll bar trough to red. Buttons that have been pressed but |
873 not released yet (``armed'') are in this state. | |
874 @item PRELIGHT | |
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875 This is the state for a widget that can be manipulated, when the mouse |
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876 pointer is over it---for example when the mouse is over the thumb in |
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877 the scroll bar or over a menu item. When the mouse is over a button |
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878 that is not pressed, the button is in this state. |
49322 | 879 @item SELECTED |
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880 This is the state for data that has been selected by the user. It can |
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881 be selected text or items selected in a list. This state is not used |
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882 in Emacs. |
49322 | 883 @item INSENSITIVE |
884 This is the state for widgets that are visible, but they can not be | |
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885 manipulated in the usual way---for example, buttons that can't be |
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886 pressed, and disabled menu items. To display disabled menu items in |
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887 yellow, use @code{fg[INSENSITIVE] = "yellow"}. |
49322 | 888 @end table |
889 | |
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890 Here are the things that can go in a style declaration: |
49322 | 891 |
892 @table @code | |
893 @item bg[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
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894 This specifies the background color for the widget. Note that |
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895 editable text doesn't use @code{bg}; it uses @code{base} instead. |
49322 | 896 |
897 @item base[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
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898 This specifies the background color for editable text. In Emacs, this |
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899 color is used for the background of the text fields in the file |
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900 dialog. |
49322 | 901 |
902 @item bg_pixmap[@var{state}] = "@var{pixmap}" | |
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903 This specifies an image background (instead of a background color). |
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904 @var{pixmap} should be the image file name. GTK can use a number of |
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905 image file formats, including XPM, XBM, GIF, JPEG and PNG. If you |
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906 want a widget to use the same image as its parent, use |
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907 @samp{<parent>}. If you don't want any image, use @samp{<none>}. |
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908 @samp{<none>} is the way to cancel a background image inherited from a |
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909 parent style. |
49322 | 910 |
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911 You can't specify the file by its absolute file name. GTK looks for |
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912 the pixmap file in directories specified in @code{pixmap_path}. |
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913 @code{pixmap_path} is a colon-separated list of directories within |
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914 double quotes, specified at the top level in a @file{gtkrc} file |
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915 (i.e. not inside a style definition; see example above): |
49322 | 916 |
917 @smallexample | |
918 pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps" | |
919 @end smallexample | |
920 | |
921 @item fg[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
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922 This specifies the foreground color for widgets to use. It is the |
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923 color of text in menus and buttons, and the color for the arrows in |
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924 the scroll bar. For editable text, use @code{text}. |
49322 | 925 |
926 @item text[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
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927 This is the color for editable text. In Emacs, this color is used for the |
49322 | 928 text fields in the file dialog. |
929 | |
930 @item font_name = "@var{font}" | |
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931 This specifies the font for text in the widget. @var{font} is a |
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932 Pango font name, for example @samp{Sans Italic 10}, @samp{Helvetica |
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933 Bold 12}, @samp{Courier 14}, @samp{Times 18}. See below for exact |
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934 syntax. The names are case insensitive. |
49322 | 935 @end table |
936 | |
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937 There are three ways to specify a color: by name, in hexadecimal |
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938 form, and with an RGB triplet. |
49322 | 939 |
940 @noindent | |
941 A color name is written within double quotes, for example @code{"red"}. | |
942 | |
943 @noindent | |
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944 Hexadecimal form is the same as in X: |
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945 @code{#@var{rrrr}@var{gggg}@var{bbbb}}, where all three color specs |
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946 must have the same number of hex digits (1, 2, 3 or 4). |
49322 | 947 |
948 @noindent | |
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949 An RGB triplet looks like @code{@{ @var{r}, @var{g}, @var{b} @}}, |
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950 where @var{r}, @var{g} and @var{b} are either integers in the range |
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951 0-65535 or floats in the range 0.0-1.0. |
49322 | 952 |
953 Pango font names have the form ``@var{family-list} @var{style-options} | |
954 @var{size}''. | |
955 @cindex Pango font name | |
956 @noindent | |
957 @var{family-list} is a comma separated list of font families optionally | |
958 terminated by a comma. This way you can specify several families and the | |
959 first one found will be used. @var{family} corresponds to the second part in | |
960 an X font name, for example in | |
961 | |
962 @smallexample | |
963 -adobe-times-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-64-iso10646-1 | |
964 @end smallexample | |
965 | |
966 @noindent | |
967 the family name is ``times''. | |
968 | |
969 @noindent | |
970 @var{style-options} is a whitespace separated list of words where each word | |
971 is a style, variant, weight, or stretch. The default value for all of | |
972 these is @code{normal}. | |
973 | |
974 @noindent | |
975 A `style' corresponds to the fourth part of an X font name. In X font | |
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976 names it is the character @samp{r}, @samp{i} or @samp{o}; in Pango |
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977 font names the corresponding values are @code{normal}, @code{italic}, |
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978 or @code{oblique}. |
49322 | 979 |
980 @noindent | |
981 A `variant' is either @code{normal} or @code{small-caps}. | |
982 Small caps is a font with the lower case characters replaced by | |
983 smaller variants of the capital characters. | |
984 | |
985 @noindent | |
986 Weight describes the ``boldness'' of a font. It corresponds to the third | |
987 part of an X font name. It is one of @code{ultra-light}, @code{light}, | |
988 @code{normal}, @code{bold}, @code{ultra-bold}, or @code{heavy}. | |
989 | |
990 @noindent | |
991 Stretch gives the width of the font relative to other designs within a | |
992 family. It corresponds to the fifth part of an X font name. It is one of | |
993 @code{ultra-condensed}, @code{extra-condensed}, @code{condensed}, | |
994 @code{semi-condensed}, @code{normal}, @code{semi-expanded}, | |
995 @code{expanded}, @code{extra-expanded}, or @code{ultra-expanded}. | |
996 | |
997 @noindent | |
998 @var{size} is a decimal number that describes the font size in points. | |
52401 | 999 |
1000 @ignore | |
1001 arch-tag: 9b6ff773-48b6-41f6-b2f9-f114b8bdd97f | |
1002 @end ignore |