Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/os.texi @ 81716:66a18d2f078a
(math-random-digit): Rename to `math-random-three-digit-number'.
(math-random-digits): Don't depend on representation of integers.
author | Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com> |
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date | Fri, 06 Jul 2007 02:06:30 +0000 |
parents | 7f9762346bd9 |
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6558 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, |
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4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6558 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/os | |
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7 @node System Interface, Antinews, Display, Top |
6558 | 8 @chapter Operating System Interface |
9 | |
10 This chapter is about starting and getting out of Emacs, access to | |
9009 | 11 values in the operating system environment, and terminal input, output, |
6558 | 12 and flow control. |
13 | |
14 @xref{Building Emacs}, for related information. See also | |
15 @ref{Display}, for additional operating system status information | |
16 pertaining to the terminal and the screen. | |
17 | |
18 @menu | |
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19 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs startup processing. |
6558 | 20 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary). |
21 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system. | |
22 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user. | |
23 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time. | |
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24 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form |
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25 to calendrical data, and vice versa). |
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26 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text |
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27 and vice versa. |
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28 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs. |
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29 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc. |
6558 | 30 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time. |
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31 * Idle Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function when Emacs has |
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32 been idle for a certain length of time. |
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33 * Terminal Input:: Accessing and recording terminal input. |
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34 * Terminal Output:: Controlling and recording terminal output. |
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35 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker. |
46228 | 36 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows |
6558 | 37 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction. |
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38 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management. |
6558 | 39 @end menu |
40 | |
41 @node Starting Up | |
42 @section Starting Up Emacs | |
43 | |
44 This section describes what Emacs does when it is started, and how you | |
45 can customize these actions. | |
46 | |
47 @menu | |
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48 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup. |
6558 | 49 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}). |
50 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read. | |
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51 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed, |
6558 | 52 and how you can customize them. |
53 @end menu | |
54 | |
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55 @node Startup Summary |
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56 @subsection Summary: Sequence of Actions at Startup |
76997 | 57 @cindex initialization of Emacs |
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58 @cindex startup of Emacs |
6558 | 59 @cindex @file{startup.el} |
60 | |
61 The order of operations performed (in @file{startup.el}) by Emacs when | |
62 it is started up is as follows: | |
63 | |
64 @enumerate | |
65 @item | |
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66 It adds subdirectories to @code{load-path}, by running the file named |
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67 @file{subdirs.el} in each directory in the list. Normally this file |
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68 adds the directory's subdirectories to the list, and these will be |
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69 scanned in their turn. The files @file{subdirs.el} are normally |
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70 generated automatically by Emacs installation. |
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71 |
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72 @item |
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73 It sets the language environment and the terminal coding system, |
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74 if requested by environment variables such as @code{LANG}. |
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75 |
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76 @item |
6558 | 77 It loads the initialization library for the window system, if you are |
78 using a window system. This library's name is | |
79 @file{term/@var{windowsystem}-win.el}. | |
80 | |
81 @item | |
12098 | 82 It processes the initial options. (Some of them are handled |
83 even earlier than this.) | |
84 | |
85 @item | |
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86 It initializes the window frame and faces, if appropriate. |
6558 | 87 |
88 @item | |
89 It runs the normal hook @code{before-init-hook}. | |
90 | |
91 @item | |
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92 It loads the library @file{site-start} (if any), unless the option |
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93 @samp{-Q} (or @samp{--no-site-file}) was specified. The library's file |
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94 name is usually @file{site-start.el}. |
6558 | 95 @cindex @file{site-start.el} |
96 | |
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97 @item |
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98 It loads your init file (usually @file{~/.emacs}), unless the option |
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99 @samp{-q} (or @samp{--no-init-file}), @samp{-Q}, or @samp{--batch} was |
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100 specified on the command line. The @samp{-u} option can specify |
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101 another user whose home directory should be used instead of @file{~}. |
6558 | 102 |
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103 @item |
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104 It loads the library @file{default} (if any), unless |
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105 @code{inhibit-default-init} is non-@code{nil}. (This is not done in |
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106 @samp{-batch} mode, or if @samp{-Q} or @samp{-q} was specified on the |
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107 command line.) The library's file name is usually @file{default.el}. |
6558 | 108 @cindex @file{default.el} |
109 | |
110 @item | |
111 It runs the normal hook @code{after-init-hook}. | |
112 | |
113 @item | |
114 It sets the major mode according to @code{initial-major-mode}, provided | |
115 the buffer @samp{*scratch*} is still current and still in Fundamental | |
116 mode. | |
117 | |
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118 @item |
6558 | 119 It loads the terminal-specific Lisp file, if any, except when in batch |
120 mode or using a window system. | |
121 | |
122 @item | |
123 It displays the initial echo area message, unless you have suppressed | |
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124 that with @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message}. |
6558 | 125 |
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126 @item |
12098 | 127 It processes the action arguments from the command line. |
6558 | 128 |
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129 @item |
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130 It runs @code{emacs-startup-hook} and then @code{term-setup-hook}. |
6558 | 131 |
132 @item | |
133 It calls @code{frame-notice-user-settings}, which modifies the | |
134 parameters of the selected frame according to whatever the init files | |
135 specify. | |
136 | |
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137 @item |
6558 | 138 It runs @code{window-setup-hook}. @xref{Window Systems}. |
139 | |
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140 @item |
9009 | 141 It displays copyleft, nonwarranty, and basic use information, provided |
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142 the value of @code{inhibit-startup-message} is @code{nil}, you didn't |
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143 specify @samp{--no-splash} or @samp{-Q}. |
6558 | 144 @end enumerate |
145 | |
146 @defopt inhibit-startup-message | |
147 This variable inhibits the initial startup messages (the nonwarranty, | |
148 etc.). If it is non-@code{nil}, then the messages are not printed. | |
149 | |
150 This variable exists so you can set it in your personal init file, once | |
151 you are familiar with the contents of the startup message. Do not set | |
152 this variable in the init file of a new user, or in a way that affects | |
153 more than one user, because that would prevent new users from receiving | |
154 the information they are supposed to see. | |
155 @end defopt | |
156 | |
157 @defopt inhibit-startup-echo-area-message | |
158 This variable controls the display of the startup echo area message. | |
159 You can suppress the startup echo area message by adding text with this | |
25875 | 160 form to your init file: |
6558 | 161 |
162 @example | |
163 (setq inhibit-startup-echo-area-message | |
164 "@var{your-login-name}") | |
165 @end example | |
166 | |
25875 | 167 Emacs explicitly checks for an expression as shown above in your init |
168 file; your login name must appear in the expression as a Lisp string | |
169 constant. Other methods of setting | |
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170 @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message} to the same value do not |
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171 inhibit the startup message. |
6558 | 172 |
173 This way, you can easily inhibit the message for yourself if you wish, | |
25875 | 174 but thoughtless copying of your init file will not inhibit the message |
175 for someone else. | |
6558 | 176 @end defopt |
177 | |
178 @node Init File | |
25875 | 179 @subsection The Init File, @file{.emacs} |
6558 | 180 @cindex init file |
181 @cindex @file{.emacs} | |
182 | |
25875 | 183 When you start Emacs, it normally attempts to load your @dfn{init |
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184 file}, a file in your home directory. Its normal name is |
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185 @file{.emacs}, but you can also call it @file{.emacs.el}. |
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186 Alternatively, you can use a file named @file{init.el} in a |
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187 subdirectory @file{.emacs.d}. Whichever place you use, you can also |
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188 compile the file (@pxref{Byte Compilation}); then the actual file |
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189 loaded will be @file{.emacs.elc} or @file{init.elc}. |
25875 | 190 |
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191 The command-line switches @samp{-q}, @samp{-Q}, and @samp{-u} |
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192 control whether and where to find the init file; @samp{-q} (and the |
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193 stronger @samp{-Q}) says not to load an init file, while @samp{-u |
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194 @var{user}} says to load @var{user}'s init file instead of yours. |
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195 @xref{Entering Emacs,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. If neither |
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196 option is specified, Emacs uses the @code{LOGNAME} environment |
25875 | 197 variable, or the @code{USER} (most systems) or @code{USERNAME} (MS |
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198 systems) variable, to find your home directory and thus your init |
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199 file; this way, even if you have su'd, Emacs still loads your own init |
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200 file. If those environment variables are absent, though, Emacs uses |
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201 your user-id to find your home directory. |
6558 | 202 |
203 @cindex default init file | |
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204 A site may have a @dfn{default init file}, which is the library |
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205 named @file{default.el}. Emacs finds the @file{default.el} file |
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206 through the standard search path for libraries (@pxref{How Programs Do |
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207 Loading}). The Emacs distribution does not come with this file; sites |
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208 may provide one for local customizations. If the default init file |
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209 exists, it is loaded whenever you start Emacs, except in batch mode or |
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210 if @samp{-q} (or @samp{-Q}) is specified. But your own personal init |
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211 file, if any, is loaded first; if it sets @code{inhibit-default-init} |
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212 to a non-@code{nil} value, then Emacs does not subsequently load the |
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213 @file{default.el} file. |
6558 | 214 |
215 Another file for site-customization is @file{site-start.el}. Emacs | |
216 loads this @emph{before} the user's init file. You can inhibit the | |
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217 loading of this file with the option @samp{--no-site-file}. |
6558 | 218 |
12098 | 219 @defvar site-run-file |
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220 This variable specifies the site-customization file to load before the |
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221 user's init file. Its normal value is @code{"site-start"}. The only |
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222 way you can change it with real effect is to do so before dumping |
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223 Emacs. |
12098 | 224 @end defvar |
225 | |
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226 @xref{Init Examples,, Init File Examples, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
6558 | 227 examples of how to make various commonly desired customizations in your |
228 @file{.emacs} file. | |
229 | |
230 @defopt inhibit-default-init | |
231 This variable prevents Emacs from loading the default initialization | |
232 library file for your session of Emacs. If its value is non-@code{nil}, | |
233 then the default library is not loaded. The default value is | |
234 @code{nil}. | |
235 @end defopt | |
236 | |
237 @defvar before-init-hook | |
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238 This normal hook is run, once, just before loading all the init files |
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239 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}). |
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240 (The only way to change it with real effect is before dumping Emacs.) |
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241 @end defvar |
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242 |
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243 @defvar after-init-hook |
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244 This normal hook is run, once, just after loading all the init files |
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245 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}), |
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246 before loading the terminal-specific library and processing the |
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247 command-line action arguments. |
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248 @end defvar |
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249 |
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250 @defvar emacs-startup-hook |
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251 This normal hook is run, once, just after handling the command line |
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252 arguments, just before @code{term-setup-hook}. |
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253 @end defvar |
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254 |
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255 @defvar user-init-file |
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256 This variable holds the absolute file name of the user's init file. If the |
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257 actual init file loaded is a compiled file, such as @file{.emacs.elc}, |
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258 the value refers to the corresponding source file. |
6558 | 259 @end defvar |
260 | |
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261 @defvar user-emacs-directory |
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262 This variable holds the name of the @file{.emacs.d} directory. It is |
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263 ordinarily @file{~/.emacs.d}, but differs on some platforms. |
81358 | 264 @end defvar |
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265 |
6558 | 266 @node Terminal-Specific |
267 @subsection Terminal-Specific Initialization | |
268 @cindex terminal-specific initialization | |
269 | |
270 Each terminal type can have its own Lisp library that Emacs loads when | |
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271 run on that type of terminal. The library's name is constructed by |
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272 concatenating the value of the variable @code{term-file-prefix} and the |
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273 terminal type (specified by the environment variable @code{TERM}). |
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274 Normally, @code{term-file-prefix} has the value |
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275 @code{"term/"}; changing this is not recommended. Emacs finds the file |
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276 in the normal manner, by searching the @code{load-path} directories, and |
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277 trying the @samp{.elc} and @samp{.el} suffixes. |
6558 | 278 |
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279 @cindex Termcap |
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280 The usual function of a terminal-specific library is to enable |
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281 special keys to send sequences that Emacs can recognize. It may also |
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282 need to set or add to @code{function-key-map} if the Termcap or |
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283 Terminfo entry does not specify all the terminal's function keys. |
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284 @xref{Terminal Input}. |
6558 | 285 |
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286 When the name of the terminal type contains a hyphen, and no library |
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287 is found whose name is identical to the terminal's name, Emacs strips |
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288 from the terminal's name the last hyphen and everything that follows |
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289 it, and tries again. This process is repeated until Emacs finds a |
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290 matching library or until there are no more hyphens in the name (the |
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291 latter means the terminal doesn't have any library specific to it). |
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292 Thus, for example, if there are no @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30} |
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293 libraries, Emacs will try the same library @file{term/aaa.el} for |
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294 terminal types @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30-rv}. If necessary, the |
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295 library can evaluate @code{(getenv "TERM")} to find the full name of |
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296 the terminal type.@refill |
6558 | 297 |
25875 | 298 Your init file can prevent the loading of the |
6558 | 299 terminal-specific library by setting the variable |
300 @code{term-file-prefix} to @code{nil}. This feature is useful when | |
301 experimenting with your own peculiar customizations. | |
302 | |
303 You can also arrange to override some of the actions of the | |
304 terminal-specific library by setting the variable | |
305 @code{term-setup-hook}. This is a normal hook which Emacs runs using | |
306 @code{run-hooks} at the end of Emacs initialization, after loading both | |
25875 | 307 your init file and any terminal-specific libraries. You can |
6558 | 308 use this variable to define initializations for terminals that do not |
309 have their own libraries. @xref{Hooks}. | |
310 | |
311 @defvar term-file-prefix | |
312 @cindex @code{TERM} environment variable | |
313 If the @code{term-file-prefix} variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs loads | |
314 a terminal-specific initialization file as follows: | |
315 | |
316 @example | |
317 (load (concat term-file-prefix (getenv "TERM"))) | |
318 @end example | |
319 | |
320 @noindent | |
321 You may set the @code{term-file-prefix} variable to @code{nil} in your | |
25875 | 322 init file if you do not wish to load the |
6558 | 323 terminal-initialization file. To do this, put the following in |
25875 | 324 your init file: @code{(setq term-file-prefix nil)}. |
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325 |
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326 On MS-DOS, if the environment variable @code{TERM} is not set, Emacs |
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327 uses @samp{internal} as the terminal type. |
6558 | 328 @end defvar |
329 | |
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330 @defvar term-setup-hook |
9009 | 331 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs after loading your |
25875 | 332 init file, the default initialization file (if any) and the |
6558 | 333 terminal-specific Lisp file. |
334 | |
335 You can use @code{term-setup-hook} to override the definitions made by a | |
336 terminal-specific file. | |
337 @end defvar | |
338 | |
339 See @code{window-setup-hook} in @ref{Window Systems}, for a related | |
340 feature. | |
341 | |
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342 @node Command-Line Arguments |
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343 @subsection Command-Line Arguments |
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344 @cindex command-line arguments |
6558 | 345 |
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346 You can use command-line arguments to request various actions when you |
6558 | 347 start Emacs. Since you do not need to start Emacs more than once per |
348 day, and will often leave your Emacs session running longer than that, | |
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349 command-line arguments are hardly ever used. As a practical matter, it |
6558 | 350 is best to avoid making the habit of using them, since this habit would |
351 encourage you to kill and restart Emacs unnecessarily often. These | |
352 options exist for two reasons: to be compatible with other editors (for | |
353 invocation by other programs) and to enable shell scripts to run | |
354 specific Lisp programs. | |
355 | |
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356 This section describes how Emacs processes command-line arguments, |
6558 | 357 and how you can customize them. |
358 | |
359 @ignore | |
360 (Note that some other editors require you to start afresh each time | |
361 you want to edit a file. With this kind of editor, you will probably | |
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362 specify the file as a command-line argument. The recommended way to |
6558 | 363 use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just after you log in, and do |
364 all your editing in the same Emacs process. Each time you want to edit | |
365 a different file, you visit it with the existing Emacs, which eventually | |
366 comes to have many files in it ready for editing. Usually you do not | |
367 kill the Emacs until you are about to log out.) | |
368 @end ignore | |
369 | |
370 @defun command-line | |
9009 | 371 This function parses the command line that Emacs was called with, |
25875 | 372 processes it, loads the user's init file and displays the |
9009 | 373 startup messages. |
6558 | 374 @end defun |
375 | |
376 @defvar command-line-processed | |
377 The value of this variable is @code{t} once the command line has been | |
378 processed. | |
379 | |
380 If you redump Emacs by calling @code{dump-emacs}, you may wish to set | |
381 this variable to @code{nil} first in order to cause the new dumped Emacs | |
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382 to process its new command-line arguments. |
6558 | 383 @end defvar |
384 | |
385 @defvar command-switch-alist | |
386 @cindex switches on command line | |
387 @cindex options on command line | |
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388 @cindex command-line options |
6558 | 389 The value of this variable is an alist of user-defined command-line |
390 options and associated handler functions. This variable exists so you | |
391 can add elements to it. | |
392 | |
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393 A @dfn{command-line option} is an argument on the command line, which |
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394 has the form: |
6558 | 395 |
396 @example | |
397 -@var{option} | |
398 @end example | |
399 | |
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400 The elements of the @code{command-switch-alist} look like this: |
6558 | 401 |
402 @example | |
403 (@var{option} . @var{handler-function}) | |
404 @end example | |
405 | |
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406 The @sc{car}, @var{option}, is a string, the name of a command-line |
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407 option (not including the initial hyphen). The @var{handler-function} |
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408 is called to handle @var{option}, and receives the option name as its |
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409 sole argument. |
6558 | 410 |
411 In some cases, the option is followed in the command line by an | |
412 argument. In these cases, the @var{handler-function} can find all the | |
413 remaining command-line arguments in the variable | |
414 @code{command-line-args-left}. (The entire list of command-line | |
415 arguments is in @code{command-line-args}.) | |
416 | |
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417 The command-line arguments are parsed by the @code{command-line-1} |
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418 function in the @file{startup.el} file. See also @ref{Emacs |
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419 Invocation, , Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation, emacs, The |
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420 GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6558 | 421 @end defvar |
422 | |
423 @defvar command-line-args | |
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424 The value of this variable is the list of command-line arguments passed |
6558 | 425 to Emacs. |
426 @end defvar | |
427 | |
428 @defvar command-line-functions | |
429 This variable's value is a list of functions for handling an | |
430 unrecognized command-line argument. Each time the next argument to be | |
431 processed has no special meaning, the functions in this list are called, | |
9009 | 432 in order of appearance, until one of them returns a non-@code{nil} |
6558 | 433 value. |
434 | |
435 These functions are called with no arguments. They can access the | |
436 command-line argument under consideration through the variable | |
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437 @code{argi}, which is bound temporarily at this point. The remaining |
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438 arguments (not including the current one) are in the variable |
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439 @code{command-line-args-left}. |
6558 | 440 |
441 When a function recognizes and processes the argument in @code{argi}, it | |
442 should return a non-@code{nil} value to say it has dealt with that | |
443 argument. If it has also dealt with some of the following arguments, it | |
444 can indicate that by deleting them from @code{command-line-args-left}. | |
445 | |
446 If all of these functions return @code{nil}, then the argument is used | |
447 as a file name to visit. | |
448 @end defvar | |
449 | |
450 @node Getting Out | |
451 @section Getting Out of Emacs | |
452 @cindex exiting Emacs | |
453 | |
454 There are two ways to get out of Emacs: you can kill the Emacs job, | |
455 which exits permanently, or you can suspend it, which permits you to | |
456 reenter the Emacs process later. As a practical matter, you seldom kill | |
457 Emacs---only when you are about to log out. Suspending is much more | |
458 common. | |
459 | |
460 @menu | |
461 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly. | |
462 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly. | |
463 @end menu | |
464 | |
465 @node Killing Emacs | |
466 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
467 @subsection Killing Emacs | |
468 @cindex killing Emacs | |
469 | |
470 Killing Emacs means ending the execution of the Emacs process. The | |
471 parent process normally resumes control. The low-level primitive for | |
472 killing Emacs is @code{kill-emacs}. | |
473 | |
474 @defun kill-emacs &optional exit-data | |
475 This function exits the Emacs process and kills it. | |
476 | |
477 If @var{exit-data} is an integer, then it is used as the exit status | |
478 of the Emacs process. (This is useful primarily in batch operation; see | |
479 @ref{Batch Mode}.) | |
480 | |
481 If @var{exit-data} is a string, its contents are stuffed into the | |
482 terminal input buffer so that the shell (or whatever program next reads | |
483 input) can read them. | |
484 @end defun | |
485 | |
486 All the information in the Emacs process, aside from files that have | |
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487 been saved, is lost when the Emacs process is killed. Because killing |
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488 Emacs inadvertently can lose a lot of work, Emacs queries for |
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489 confirmation before actually terminating if you have buffers that need |
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490 saving or subprocesses that are running. This is done in the function |
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491 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}, the higher level function from which |
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492 @code{kill-emacs} is usually called. |
6558 | 493 |
494 @defvar kill-emacs-query-functions | |
495 After asking the standard questions, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} | |
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496 calls the functions in the list @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}, in |
6558 | 497 order of appearance, with no arguments. These functions can ask for |
498 additional confirmation from the user. If any of them returns | |
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499 @code{nil}, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} does not kill Emacs, and |
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500 does not run the remaining functions in this hook. Calling |
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501 @code{kill-emacs} directly does not run this hook. |
6558 | 502 @end defvar |
503 | |
504 @defvar kill-emacs-hook | |
505 This variable is a normal hook; once @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} is | |
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506 finished with all file saving and confirmation, it calls |
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507 @code{kill-emacs} which runs the functions in this hook. |
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508 @code{kill-emacs} does not run this hook in batch mode. |
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509 |
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510 @code{kill-emacs} may be invoked directly (that is not via |
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511 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}) if the terminal is disconnected, or in |
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512 similar situations where interaction with the user is not possible. |
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513 Thus, if your hook needs to interact with the user, put it on |
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514 @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}; if it needs to run regardless of |
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515 how Emacs is killed, put it on @code{kill-emacs-hook}. |
6558 | 516 @end defvar |
517 | |
518 @node Suspending Emacs | |
519 @subsection Suspending Emacs | |
520 @cindex suspending Emacs | |
521 | |
522 @dfn{Suspending Emacs} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning | |
523 control to its superior process, which is usually the shell. This | |
524 allows you to resume editing later in the same Emacs process, with the | |
525 same buffers, the same kill ring, the same undo history, and so on. To | |
526 resume Emacs, use the appropriate command in the parent shell---most | |
527 likely @code{fg}. | |
528 | |
529 Some operating systems do not support suspension of jobs; on these | |
530 systems, ``suspension'' actually creates a new shell temporarily as a | |
531 subprocess of Emacs. Then you would exit the shell to return to Emacs. | |
532 | |
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533 Suspension is not useful with window systems, because the Emacs job |
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534 may not have a parent that can resume it again, and in any case you can |
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535 give input to some other job such as a shell merely by moving to a |
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536 different window. Therefore, suspending is not allowed when Emacs is using |
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537 a window system (X, MS Windows, or Mac). |
6558 | 538 |
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539 @defun suspend-emacs &optional string |
6558 | 540 This function stops Emacs and returns control to the superior process. |
541 If and when the superior process resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} | |
542 returns @code{nil} to its caller in Lisp. | |
543 | |
544 If @var{string} is non-@code{nil}, its characters are sent to be read | |
545 as terminal input by Emacs's superior shell. The characters in | |
546 @var{string} are not echoed by the superior shell; only the results | |
547 appear. | |
548 | |
549 Before suspending, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook | |
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550 @code{suspend-hook}. |
6558 | 551 |
9009 | 552 After the user resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook |
6558 | 553 @code{suspend-resume-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
554 | |
555 The next redisplay after resumption will redraw the entire screen, | |
556 unless the variable @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} is non-@code{nil} | |
557 (@pxref{Refresh Screen}). | |
558 | |
559 In the following example, note that @samp{pwd} is not echoed after | |
560 Emacs is suspended. But it is read and executed by the shell. | |
561 | |
562 @smallexample | |
563 @group | |
564 (suspend-emacs) | |
565 @result{} nil | |
566 @end group | |
567 | |
568 @group | |
569 (add-hook 'suspend-hook | |
570 (function (lambda () | |
571 (or (y-or-n-p | |
572 "Really suspend? ") | |
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573 (error "Suspend canceled"))))) |
6558 | 574 @result{} (lambda nil |
575 (or (y-or-n-p "Really suspend? ") | |
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576 (error "Suspend canceled"))) |
6558 | 577 @end group |
578 @group | |
579 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook | |
580 (function (lambda () (message "Resumed!")))) | |
581 @result{} (lambda nil (message "Resumed!")) | |
582 @end group | |
583 @group | |
584 (suspend-emacs "pwd") | |
585 @result{} nil | |
586 @end group | |
587 @group | |
588 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
589 Really suspend? @kbd{y} | |
590 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
591 @end group | |
592 | |
593 @group | |
594 ---------- Parent Shell ---------- | |
595 lewis@@slug[23] % /user/lewis/manual | |
596 lewis@@slug[24] % fg | |
597 @end group | |
598 | |
599 @group | |
600 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
601 Resumed! | |
602 @end group | |
603 @end smallexample | |
604 @end defun | |
605 | |
606 @defvar suspend-hook | |
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607 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs before suspending. |
6558 | 608 @end defvar |
609 | |
610 @defvar suspend-resume-hook | |
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611 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs on resuming |
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612 after a suspension. |
6558 | 613 @end defvar |
614 | |
615 @node System Environment | |
616 @section Operating System Environment | |
617 @cindex operating system environment | |
618 | |
619 Emacs provides access to variables in the operating system environment | |
620 through various functions. These variables include the name of the | |
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621 system, the user's @acronym{UID}, and so on. |
6558 | 622 |
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623 @defvar system-configuration |
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624 This variable holds the standard GNU configuration name for the |
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625 hardware/software configuration of your system, as a string. The |
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626 convenient way to test parts of this string is with |
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627 @code{string-match}. |
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628 @end defvar |
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629 |
76831 | 630 @cindex system type and name |
6558 | 631 @defvar system-type |
12098 | 632 The value of this variable is a symbol indicating the type of operating |
633 system Emacs is operating on. Here is a table of the possible values: | |
6558 | 634 |
635 @table @code | |
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636 @item alpha-vms |
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637 VMS on the Alpha. |
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638 |
6558 | 639 @item aix-v3 |
640 AIX. | |
641 | |
642 @item berkeley-unix | |
643 Berkeley BSD. | |
644 | |
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645 @item cygwin |
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646 Cygwin. |
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647 |
12098 | 648 @item dgux |
649 Data General DGUX operating system. | |
650 | |
651 @item gnu | |
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652 the GNU system (using the GNU kernel, which consists of the HURD and Mach). |
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653 |
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654 @item gnu/linux |
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655 A GNU/Linux system---that is, a variant GNU system, using the Linux |
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656 kernel. (These systems are the ones people often call ``Linux,'' but |
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657 actually Linux is just the kernel, not the whole system.) |
12098 | 658 |
6558 | 659 @item hpux |
12098 | 660 Hewlett-Packard HPUX operating system. |
6558 | 661 |
662 @item irix | |
663 Silicon Graphics Irix system. | |
664 | |
12098 | 665 @item ms-dos |
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666 Microsoft MS-DOS ``operating system.'' Emacs compiled with DJGPP for |
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667 MS-DOS binds @code{system-type} to @code{ms-dos} even when you run it on |
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668 MS-Windows. |
12098 | 669 |
670 @item next-mach | |
671 NeXT Mach-based system. | |
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672 |
6558 | 673 @item rtu |
674 Masscomp RTU, UCB universe. | |
675 | |
676 @item unisoft-unix | |
677 UniSoft UniPlus. | |
678 | |
679 @item usg-unix-v | |
680 AT&T System V. | |
681 | |
682 @item vax-vms | |
683 VAX VMS. | |
684 | |
12098 | 685 @item windows-nt |
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686 Microsoft windows NT. The same executable supports Windows 9X, but the |
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687 value of @code{system-type} is @code{windows-nt} in either case. |
12098 | 688 |
6558 | 689 @item xenix |
690 SCO Xenix 386. | |
691 @end table | |
692 | |
693 We do not wish to add new symbols to make finer distinctions unless it | |
694 is absolutely necessary! In fact, we hope to eliminate some of these | |
695 alternatives in the future. We recommend using | |
696 @code{system-configuration} to distinguish between different operating | |
697 systems. | |
698 @end defvar | |
699 | |
700 @defun system-name | |
701 This function returns the name of the machine you are running on. | |
702 @example | |
703 (system-name) | |
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704 @result{} "www.gnu.org" |
6558 | 705 @end example |
706 @end defun | |
707 | |
12067 | 708 The symbol @code{system-name} is a variable as well as a function. In |
709 fact, the function returns whatever value the variable | |
710 @code{system-name} currently holds. Thus, you can set the variable | |
711 @code{system-name} in case Emacs is confused about the name of your | |
712 system. The variable is also useful for constructing frame titles | |
713 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). | |
714 | |
715 @defvar mail-host-address | |
716 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it is used instead of | |
717 @code{system-name} for purposes of generating email addresses. For | |
718 example, it is used when constructing the default value of | |
719 @code{user-mail-address}. @xref{User Identification}. (Since this is | |
720 done when Emacs starts up, the value actually used is the one saved when | |
721 Emacs was dumped. @xref{Building Emacs}.) | |
722 @end defvar | |
723 | |
32839 | 724 @deffn Command getenv var |
6558 | 725 @cindex environment variable access |
726 This function returns the value of the environment variable @var{var}, | |
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727 as a string. @var{var} should be a string. If @var{var} is undefined |
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728 in the environment, @code{getenv} returns @code{nil}. If returns |
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729 @samp{""} if @var{var} is set but null. Within Emacs, the environment |
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730 variable values are kept in the Lisp variable @code{process-environment}. |
6558 | 731 |
732 @example | |
733 @group | |
734 (getenv "USER") | |
735 @result{} "lewis" | |
736 @end group | |
737 | |
738 @group | |
739 lewis@@slug[10] % printenv | |
740 PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin | |
741 USER=lewis | |
742 @end group | |
743 @group | |
744 TERM=ibmapa16 | |
745 SHELL=/bin/csh | |
746 HOME=/user/lewis | |
747 @end group | |
748 @end example | |
32924 | 749 @end deffn |
6558 | 750 |
751 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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752 @deffn Command setenv variable &optional value |
6558 | 753 This command sets the value of the environment variable named |
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754 @var{variable} to @var{value}. @var{variable} should be a string. |
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755 Internally, Emacs Lisp can handle any string. However, normally |
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756 @var{variable} should be a valid shell identifier, that is, a sequence |
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757 of letters, digits and underscores, starting with a letter or |
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758 underscore. Otherwise, errors may occur if subprocesses of Emacs try |
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759 to access the value of @var{variable}. If @var{value} is omitted or |
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760 @code{nil}, @code{setenv} removes @var{variable} from the environment. |
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761 Otherwise, @var{value} should be a string. |
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762 |
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763 @code{setenv} works by modifying @code{process-environment}; binding |
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764 that variable with @code{let} is also reasonable practice. |
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765 |
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766 @code{setenv} returns the new value of @var{variable}, or @code{nil} |
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767 if it removed @var{variable} from the environment. |
6558 | 768 @end deffn |
769 | |
770 @defvar process-environment | |
771 This variable is a list of strings, each describing one environment | |
772 variable. The functions @code{getenv} and @code{setenv} work by means | |
773 of this variable. | |
774 | |
775 @smallexample | |
776 @group | |
777 process-environment | |
778 @result{} ("l=/usr/stanford/lib/gnuemacs/lisp" | |
779 "PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/class:/nfsusr/local/bin" | |
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780 "USER=lewis" |
6558 | 781 @end group |
782 @group | |
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783 "TERM=ibmapa16" |
6558 | 784 "SHELL=/bin/csh" |
785 "HOME=/user/lewis") | |
786 @end group | |
787 @end smallexample | |
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788 |
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789 If @code{process-environment} contains ``duplicate'' elements that |
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790 specify the same environment variable, the first of these elements |
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791 specifies the variable, and the other ``duplicates'' are ignored. |
6558 | 792 @end defvar |
793 | |
12098 | 794 @defvar path-separator |
795 This variable holds a string which says which character separates | |
796 directories in a search path (as found in an environment variable). Its | |
797 value is @code{":"} for Unix and GNU systems, and @code{";"} for MS-DOS | |
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798 and MS-Windows. |
12098 | 799 @end defvar |
800 | |
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801 @defun parse-colon-path path |
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802 This function takes a search path string such as would be the value of |
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803 the @code{PATH} environment variable, and splits it at the separators, |
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804 returning a list of directory names. @code{nil} in this list stands for |
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805 ``use the current directory.'' Although the function's name says |
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806 ``colon,'' it actually uses the value of @code{path-separator}. |
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807 |
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808 @example |
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809 (parse-colon-path ":/foo:/bar") |
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810 @result{} (nil "/foo/" "/bar/") |
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811 @end example |
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812 @end defun |
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813 |
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814 @defvar invocation-name |
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815 This variable holds the program name under which Emacs was invoked. The |
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816 value is a string, and does not include a directory name. |
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817 @end defvar |
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818 |
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819 @defvar invocation-directory |
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820 This variable holds the directory from which the Emacs executable was |
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821 invoked, or perhaps @code{nil} if that directory cannot be determined. |
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822 @end defvar |
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823 |
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824 @defvar installation-directory |
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825 If non-@code{nil}, this is a directory within which to look for the |
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826 @file{lib-src} and @file{etc} subdirectories. This is non-@code{nil} |
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827 when Emacs can't find those directories in their standard installed |
9009 | 828 locations, but can find them in a directory related somehow to the one |
829 containing the Emacs executable. | |
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830 @end defvar |
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831 |
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832 @defun load-average &optional use-float |
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833 This function returns the current 1-minute, 5-minute, and 15-minute load |
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834 averages, in a list. |
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835 |
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836 By default, the values are integers that are 100 times the system load |
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837 averages, which indicate the average number of processes trying to run. |
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838 If @var{use-float} is non-@code{nil}, then they are returned |
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839 as floating point numbers and without multiplying by 100. |
6558 | 840 |
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841 If it is impossible to obtain the load average, this function signals |
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842 an error. On some platforms, access to load averages requires |
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843 installing Emacs as setuid or setgid so that it can read kernel |
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844 information, and that usually isn't advisable. |
52783 | 845 |
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846 If the 1-minute load average is available, but the 5- or 15-minute |
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847 averages are not, this function returns a shortened list containing |
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848 the available averages. |
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849 |
6558 | 850 @example |
851 @group | |
852 (load-average) | |
853 @result{} (169 48 36) | |
854 @end group | |
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855 @group |
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856 (load-average t) |
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857 @result{} (1.69 0.48 0.36) |
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858 @end group |
6558 | 859 |
860 @group | |
861 lewis@@rocky[5] % uptime | |
862 11:55am up 1 day, 19:37, 3 users, | |
863 load average: 1.69, 0.48, 0.36 | |
864 @end group | |
865 @end example | |
866 @end defun | |
867 | |
868 @defun emacs-pid | |
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869 This function returns the process @acronym{ID} of the Emacs process, |
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870 as an integer. |
6558 | 871 @end defun |
872 | |
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873 @defvar tty-erase-char |
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874 This variable holds the erase character that was selected |
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875 in the system's terminal driver, before Emacs was started. |
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876 The value is @code{nil} if Emacs is running under a window system. |
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877 @end defvar |
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878 |
6558 | 879 @defun setprv privilege-name &optional setp getprv |
880 This function sets or resets a VMS privilege. (It does not exist on | |
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881 other systems.) The first argument is the privilege name, as a string. |
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882 The second argument, @var{setp}, is @code{t} or @code{nil}, indicating |
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883 whether the privilege is to be turned on or off. Its default is |
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884 @code{nil}. The function returns @code{t} if successful, @code{nil} |
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885 otherwise. |
6558 | 886 |
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887 If the third argument, @var{getprv}, is non-@code{nil}, @code{setprv} |
6558 | 888 does not change the privilege, but returns @code{t} or @code{nil} |
889 indicating whether the privilege is currently enabled. | |
890 @end defun | |
891 | |
892 @node User Identification | |
893 @section User Identification | |
76831 | 894 @cindex user identification |
6558 | 895 |
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896 @defvar init-file-user |
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897 This variable says which user's init files should be used by |
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898 Emacs---or @code{nil} if none. @code{""} stands for the user who |
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899 originally logged in. The value reflects command-line options such as |
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900 @samp{-q} or @samp{-u @var{user}}. |
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901 |
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902 Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort of |
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903 user profile, should obey this variable in deciding where to find it. |
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904 They should load the profile of the user name found in this variable. |
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905 If @code{init-file-user} is @code{nil}, meaning that the @samp{-q} |
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906 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load any customization |
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907 files or user profile. |
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908 @end defvar |
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909 |
12067 | 910 @defvar user-mail-address |
911 This holds the nominal email address of the user who is using Emacs. | |
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912 Emacs normally sets this variable to a default value after reading your |
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913 init files, but not if you have already set it. So you can set the |
25875 | 914 variable to some other value in your init file if you do not |
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915 want to use the default value. |
12067 | 916 @end defvar |
917 | |
918 @defun user-login-name &optional uid | |
919 If you don't specify @var{uid}, this function returns the name under | |
920 which the user is logged in. If the environment variable @code{LOGNAME} | |
921 is set, that value is used. Otherwise, if the environment variable | |
922 @code{USER} is set, that value is used. Otherwise, the value is based | |
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923 on the effective @acronym{UID}, not the real @acronym{UID}. |
12067 | 924 |
925 If you specify @var{uid}, the value is the user name that corresponds | |
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926 to @var{uid} (which should be an integer), or @code{nil} if there is |
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927 no such user. |
6558 | 928 |
929 @example | |
930 @group | |
931 (user-login-name) | |
932 @result{} "lewis" | |
933 @end group | |
934 @end example | |
935 @end defun | |
936 | |
937 @defun user-real-login-name | |
938 This function returns the user name corresponding to Emacs's real | |
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|
939 @acronym{UID}. This ignores the effective @acronym{UID} and ignores the |
6558 | 940 environment variables @code{LOGNAME} and @code{USER}. |
941 @end defun | |
942 | |
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943 @defun user-full-name &optional uid |
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944 This function returns the full name of the logged-in user---or the value |
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945 of the environment variable @code{NAME}, if that is set. |
6558 | 946 |
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947 @c "Bil" is the correct spelling. |
6558 | 948 @example |
949 @group | |
950 (user-full-name) | |
951 @result{} "Bil Lewis" | |
952 @end group | |
953 @end example | |
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954 |
24848 | 955 If the Emacs job's user-id does not correspond to any known user (and |
956 provided @code{NAME} is not set), the value is @code{"unknown"}. | |
957 | |
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958 If @var{uid} is non-@code{nil}, then it should be a number (a user-id) |
24848 | 959 or a string (a login name). Then @code{user-full-name} returns the full |
960 name corresponding to that user-id or login name. If you specify a | |
961 user-id or login name that isn't defined, it returns @code{nil}. | |
6558 | 962 @end defun |
963 | |
12067 | 964 @vindex user-full-name |
965 @vindex user-real-login-name | |
966 @vindex user-login-name | |
967 The symbols @code{user-login-name}, @code{user-real-login-name} and | |
968 @code{user-full-name} are variables as well as functions. The functions | |
969 return the same values that the variables hold. These variables allow | |
970 you to ``fake out'' Emacs by telling the functions what to return. The | |
971 variables are also useful for constructing frame titles (@pxref{Frame | |
972 Titles}). | |
973 | |
6558 | 974 @defun user-real-uid |
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Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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|
975 This function returns the real @acronym{UID} of the user. |
51918
9fbd3ef3087d
(User Identification): user-uid, user-real-uid can return float.
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|
976 The value may be a floating point number. |
6558 | 977 |
978 @example | |
979 @group | |
980 (user-real-uid) | |
981 @result{} 19 | |
982 @end group | |
983 @end example | |
984 @end defun | |
985 | |
986 @defun user-uid | |
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Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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|
987 This function returns the effective @acronym{UID} of the user. |
51918
9fbd3ef3087d
(User Identification): user-uid, user-real-uid can return float.
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diff
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|
988 The value may be a floating point number. |
6558 | 989 @end defun |
990 | |
991 @node Time of Day | |
992 @section Time of Day | |
993 | |
994 This section explains how to determine the current time and the time | |
995 zone. | |
996 | |
997 @defun current-time-string &optional time-value | |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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|
998 This function returns the current time and date as a human-readable |
6558 | 999 string. The format of the string is unvarying; the number of characters |
1000 used for each part is always the same, so you can reliably use | |
12098 | 1001 @code{substring} to extract pieces of it. It is wise to count the |
1002 characters from the beginning of the string rather than from the end, as | |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1003 additional information may some day be added at the end. |
6558 | 1004 |
1005 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1006 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to format | |
12098 | 1007 instead of the current time. The argument should be a list whose first |
1008 two elements are integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from | |
1009 @code{current-time} (see below) and from @code{file-attributes} | |
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|
1010 (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). @var{time-value} can also be |
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Various small changes in addition to:
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|
1011 a cons of two integers, but this is considered obsolete. |
6558 | 1012 |
1013 @example | |
1014 @group | |
1015 (current-time-string) | |
1016 @result{} "Wed Oct 14 22:21:05 1987" | |
1017 @end group | |
1018 @end example | |
1019 @end defun | |
1020 | |
1021 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1022 @defun current-time | |
1023 This function returns the system's time value as a list of three | |
1024 integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The integers | |
1025 @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of seconds since | |
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Various small changes in addition to:
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|
1026 0:00 January 1, 1970 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), which is |
27193 | 1027 @ifnottex |
6558 | 1028 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
27193 | 1029 @end ifnottex |
6558 | 1030 @tex |
9009 | 1031 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
6558 | 1032 @end tex |
1033 | |
1034 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1035 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1036 the resolution of only one second). |
6558 | 1037 |
1038 The first two elements can be compared with file time values such as you | |
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|
1039 get with the function @code{file-attributes}. |
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|
1040 @xref{Definition of file-attributes}. |
6558 | 1041 @end defun |
1042 | |
1043 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1044 @defun current-time-zone &optional time-value | |
1045 This function returns a list describing the time zone that the user is | |
1046 in. | |
1047 | |
1048 The value has the form @code{(@var{offset} @var{name})}. Here | |
1049 @var{offset} is an integer giving the number of seconds ahead of UTC | |
1050 (east of Greenwich). A negative value means west of Greenwich. The | |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1051 second element, @var{name}, is a string giving the name of the time |
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Fix "daylight savings time" -> "daylight saving time" typo.
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|
1052 zone. Both elements change when daylight saving time begins or ends; |
6558 | 1053 if the user has specified a time zone that does not use a seasonal time |
1054 adjustment, then the value is constant through time. | |
1055 | |
1056 If the operating system doesn't supply all the information necessary to | |
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|
1057 compute the value, the unknown elements of the list are @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1058 |
1059 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to analyze | |
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|
1060 instead of the current time. The argument should have the same form |
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1061 as for @code{current-time-string} (see above). Thus, you can use |
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Various small changes in addition to:
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|
1062 times obtained from @code{current-time} (see above) and from |
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|
1063 @code{file-attributes}. @xref{Definition of file-attributes}. |
12067 | 1064 @end defun |
1065 | |
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|
1066 @defun set-time-zone-rule tz |
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|
1067 This function specifies the local time zone according to @var{tz}. If |
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|
1068 @var{tz} is @code{nil}, that means to use an implementation-defined |
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(Time of Day): Add set-time-zone-rule.
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1069 default time zone. If @var{tz} is @code{t}, that means to use |
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1070 Universal Time. Otherwise, @var{tz} should be a string specifying a |
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1071 time zone rule. |
53433
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|
1072 @end defun |
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|
1073 |
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1074 @defun float-time &optional time-value |
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|
1075 This function returns the current time as a floating-point number of |
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(Time of Day): Document float-time.
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|
1076 seconds since the epoch. The argument @var{time-value}, if given, |
557aaff6fb23
(Time of Day): Document float-time.
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|
1077 specifies a time to convert instead of the current time. The argument |
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(Time of Day): Document float-time.
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|
1078 should have the same form as for @code{current-time-string} (see |
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|
1079 above). Thus, it accepts the output of @code{current-time} and |
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|
1080 @code{file-attributes}. |
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|
1081 |
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|
1082 @emph{Warning}: Since the result is floating point, it may not be |
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|
1083 exact. Do not use this function if precise time stamps are required. |
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|
1084 @end defun |
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|
1085 |
12067 | 1086 @node Time Conversion |
1087 @section Time Conversion | |
1088 | |
1089 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers) | |
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|
1090 to calendrical information and vice versa. You can get time values |
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|
1091 from the functions @code{current-time} (@pxref{Time of Day}) and |
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1092 @code{file-attributes} (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). |
12067 | 1093 |
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|
1094 Many operating systems are limited to time values that contain 32 bits |
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|
1095 of information; these systems typically handle only the times from |
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changeset
|
1096 1901-12-13 20:45:52 UTC through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. However, some |
c96cee4f8be8
Explain range of time values, and what negative year numbers mean.
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changeset
|
1097 operating systems have larger time values, and can represent times far |
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changeset
|
1098 in the past or future. |
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|
1099 |
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|
1100 Time conversion functions always use the Gregorian calendar, even |
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|
1101 for dates before the Gregorian calendar was introduced. Year numbers |
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|
1102 count the number of years since the year 1 B.C., and do not skip zero |
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|
1103 as traditional Gregorian years do; for example, the year number |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1104 @minus{}37 represents the Gregorian year 38 B.C@. |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1105 |
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|
1106 @defun decode-time &optional time |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1107 This function converts a time value into calendrical information. If |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1108 you don't specify @var{time}, it decodes the current time. The return |
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|
1109 value is a list of nine elements, as follows: |
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|
1110 |
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|
1111 @example |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1112 (@var{seconds} @var{minutes} @var{hour} @var{day} @var{month} @var{year} @var{dow} @var{dst} @var{zone}) |
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|
1113 @end example |
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|
1114 |
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|
1115 Here is what the elements mean: |
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|
1116 |
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|
1117 @table @var |
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|
1118 @item seconds |
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|
1119 The number of seconds past the minute, as an integer between 0 and 59. |
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|
1120 On some operating systems, this is 60 for leap seconds. |
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|
1121 @item minutes |
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|
1122 The number of minutes past the hour, as an integer between 0 and 59. |
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|
1123 @item hour |
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|
1124 The hour of the day, as an integer between 0 and 23. |
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|
1125 @item day |
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|
1126 The day of the month, as an integer between 1 and 31. |
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|
1127 @item month |
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|
1128 The month of the year, as an integer between 1 and 12. |
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|
1129 @item year |
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|
1130 The year, an integer typically greater than 1900. |
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|
1131 @item dow |
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|
1132 The day of week, as an integer between 0 and 6, where 0 stands for |
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|
1133 Sunday. |
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|
1134 @item dst |
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|
1135 @code{t} if daylight saving time is effect, otherwise @code{nil}. |
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|
1136 @item zone |
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|
1137 An integer indicating the time zone, as the number of seconds east of |
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|
1138 Greenwich. |
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|
1139 @end table |
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|
1140 |
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|
1141 @strong{Common Lisp Note:} Common Lisp has different meanings for |
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|
1142 @var{dow} and @var{zone}. |
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|
1143 @end defun |
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1144 |
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|
1145 @defun encode-time seconds minutes hour day month year &optional zone |
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1146 This function is the inverse of @code{decode-time}. It converts seven |
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|
1147 items of calendrical data into a time value. For the meanings of the |
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1148 arguments, see the table above under @code{decode-time}. |
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1149 |
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1150 Year numbers less than 100 are not treated specially. If you want them |
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|
1151 to stand for years above 1900, or years above 2000, you must alter them |
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|
1152 yourself before you call @code{encode-time}. |
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|
1153 |
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|
1154 The optional argument @var{zone} defaults to the current time zone and |
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Fix "daylight savings time" -> "daylight saving time" typo.
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|
1155 its daylight saving time rules. If specified, it can be either a list |
64914
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|
1156 (as you would get from @code{current-time-zone}), a string as in the |
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|
1157 @code{TZ} environment variable, @code{t} for Universal Time, or an |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1158 integer (as you would get from @code{decode-time}). The specified |
76510
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Fix "daylight savings time" -> "daylight saving time" typo.
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|
1159 zone is used without any further alteration for daylight saving time. |
64914
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|
1160 |
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|
1161 If you pass more than seven arguments to @code{encode-time}, the first |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1162 six are used as @var{seconds} through @var{year}, the last argument is |
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|
1163 used as @var{zone}, and the arguments in between are ignored. This |
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|
1164 feature makes it possible to use the elements of a list returned by |
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|
1165 @code{decode-time} as the arguments to @code{encode-time}, like this: |
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|
1166 |
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|
1167 @example |
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|
1168 (apply 'encode-time (decode-time @dots{})) |
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|
1169 @end example |
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|
1170 |
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|
1171 You can perform simple date arithmetic by using out-of-range values for |
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|
1172 the @var{seconds}, @var{minutes}, @var{hour}, @var{day}, and @var{month} |
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|
1173 arguments; for example, day 0 means the day preceding the given month. |
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|
1174 |
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|
1175 The operating system puts limits on the range of possible time values; |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1176 if you try to encode a time that is out of range, an error results. |
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|
1177 For instance, years before 1970 do not work on some systems; |
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|
1178 on others, years as early as 1901 do work. |
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|
1179 @end defun |
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|
1180 |
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|
1181 @node Time Parsing |
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|
1182 @section Parsing and Formatting Times |
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|
1183 |
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|
1184 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers) |
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|
1185 to text in a string, and vice versa. |
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Explain range of time values, and what negative year numbers mean.
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|
1186 |
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|
1187 @defun date-to-time string |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1188 This function parses the time-string @var{string} and returns the |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1189 corresponding time value. |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1190 @end defun |
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|
1191 |
26242 | 1192 @defun format-time-string format-string &optional time universal |
1193 This function converts @var{time} (or the current time, if @var{time} is | |
1194 omitted) to a string according to @var{format-string}. The argument | |
1195 @var{format-string} may contain @samp{%}-sequences which say to | |
1196 substitute parts of the time. Here is a table of what the | |
1197 @samp{%}-sequences mean: | |
12067 | 1198 |
1199 @table @samp | |
1200 @item %a | |
1201 This stands for the abbreviated name of the day of week. | |
1202 @item %A | |
1203 This stands for the full name of the day of week. | |
1204 @item %b | |
1205 This stands for the abbreviated name of the month. | |
1206 @item %B | |
1207 This stands for the full name of the month. | |
1208 @item %c | |
1209 This is a synonym for @samp{%x %X}. | |
1210 @item %C | |
12098 | 1211 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named C), it |
1212 is equivalent to @samp{%A, %B %e, %Y}. | |
12067 | 1213 @item %d |
1214 This stands for the day of month, zero-padded. | |
1215 @item %D | |
1216 This is a synonym for @samp{%m/%d/%y}. | |
1217 @item %e | |
1218 This stands for the day of month, blank-padded. | |
1219 @item %h | |
1220 This is a synonym for @samp{%b}. | |
1221 @item %H | |
1222 This stands for the hour (00-23). | |
1223 @item %I | |
25751
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|
1224 This stands for the hour (01-12). |
12067 | 1225 @item %j |
1226 This stands for the day of the year (001-366). | |
1227 @item %k | |
1228 This stands for the hour (0-23), blank padded. | |
1229 @item %l | |
1230 This stands for the hour (1-12), blank padded. | |
1231 @item %m | |
1232 This stands for the month (01-12). | |
1233 @item %M | |
1234 This stands for the minute (00-59). | |
1235 @item %n | |
1236 This stands for a newline. | |
1237 @item %p | |
1238 This stands for @samp{AM} or @samp{PM}, as appropriate. | |
1239 @item %r | |
1240 This is a synonym for @samp{%I:%M:%S %p}. | |
1241 @item %R | |
1242 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M}. | |
1243 @item %S | |
25751
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1244 This stands for the seconds (00-59). |
12067 | 1245 @item %t |
1246 This stands for a tab character. | |
1247 @item %T | |
1248 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M:%S}. | |
1249 @item %U | |
1250 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks | |
1251 start on Sunday. | |
1252 @item %w | |
1253 This stands for the numeric day of week (0-6). Sunday is day 0. | |
1254 @item %W | |
1255 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks | |
1256 start on Monday. | |
1257 @item %x | |
21682
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1258 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named |
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1259 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%D}. |
12067 | 1260 @item %X |
21682
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1261 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named |
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1262 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%T}. |
12067 | 1263 @item %y |
1264 This stands for the year without century (00-99). | |
1265 @item %Y | |
1266 This stands for the year with century. | |
1267 @item %Z | |
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1268 This stands for the time zone abbreviation (e.g., @samp{EST}). |
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1269 @item %z |
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1270 This stands for the time zone numerical offset (e.g., @samp{-0500}). |
12067 | 1271 @end table |
21007
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|
1272 |
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1273 You can also specify the field width and type of padding for any of |
21682
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1274 these @samp{%}-sequences. This works as in @code{printf}: you write |
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1275 the field width as digits in the middle of a @samp{%}-sequences. If you |
22138
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1276 start the field width with @samp{0}, it means to pad with zeros. If you |
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1277 start the field width with @samp{_}, it means to pad with spaces. |
21007
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|
1278 |
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1279 For example, @samp{%S} specifies the number of seconds since the minute; |
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1280 @samp{%03S} means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, @samp{%_3S} to |
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1281 pad with spaces to 3 positions. Plain @samp{%3S} pads with zeros, |
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1282 because that is how @samp{%S} normally pads to two positions. |
26242 | 1283 |
1284 The characters @samp{E} and @samp{O} act as modifiers when used between | |
1285 @samp{%} and one of the letters in the table above. @samp{E} specifies | |
26288 | 1286 using the current locale's ``alternative'' version of the date and time. |
1287 In a Japanese locale, for example, @code{%Ex} might yield a date format | |
1288 based on the Japanese Emperors' reigns. @samp{E} is allowed in | |
1289 @samp{%Ec}, @samp{%EC}, @samp{%Ex}, @samp{%EX}, @samp{%Ey}, and | |
1290 @samp{%EY}. | |
26242 | 1291 |
26288 | 1292 @samp{O} means to use the current locale's ``alternative'' |
1293 representation of numbers, instead of the ordinary decimal digits. This | |
1294 is allowed with most letters, all the ones that output numbers. | |
26242 | 1295 |
1296 If @var{universal} is non-@code{nil}, that means to describe the time as | |
1297 Universal Time; @code{nil} means describe it using what Emacs believes | |
1298 is the local time zone (see @code{current-time-zone}). | |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
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1299 |
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1300 This function uses the C library function @code{strftime} |
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1301 (@pxref{Formatting Calendar Time,,, libc, The GNU C Library Reference |
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|
1302 Manual}) to do most of the work. In order to communicate with that |
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|
1303 function, it first encodes its argument using the coding system |
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1304 specified by @code{locale-coding-system} (@pxref{Locales}); after |
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1305 @code{strftime} returns the resulting string, |
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1306 @code{format-time-string} decodes the string using that same coding |
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|
1307 system. |
12067 | 1308 @end defun |
1309 | |
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1310 @defun seconds-to-time seconds |
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1311 This function converts @var{seconds}, a floating point number of |
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|
1312 seconds since the epoch, to a time value and returns that. To perform |
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1313 the inverse conversion, use @code{float-time}. |
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1314 @end defun |
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1315 |
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|
1316 @node Processor Run Time |
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|
1317 @section Processor Run time |
76841 | 1318 @cindex processor run time |
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1319 |
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|
1320 @defun get-internal-run-time |
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|
1321 This function returns the processor run time used by Emacs as a list |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1322 of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1323 integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1324 seconds, which is |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1325 @ifnottex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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parents:
56617
diff
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|
1326 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1327 @end ifnottex |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1328 @tex |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1329 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1330 @end tex |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1331 |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1332 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds (or 0 for |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
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|
1333 systems that return time with the resolution of only one second). |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
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|
1334 |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
changeset
|
1335 If the system doesn't provide a way to determine the processor run |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
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|
1336 time, get-internal-run-time returns the same time as current-time. |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
diff
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|
1337 @end defun |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56617
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|
1338 |
43037
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1339 @node Time Calculations |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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|
1340 @section Time Calculations |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1341 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1342 These functions perform calendrical computations using time values |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1343 (the kind of list that @code{current-time} returns). |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1344 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1345 @defun time-less-p t1 t2 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1346 This returns @code{t} if time value @var{t1} is less than time value |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1347 @var{t2}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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|
1348 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1349 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1350 @defun time-subtract t1 t2 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1351 This returns the time difference @var{t1} @minus{} @var{t2} between |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1352 two time values, in the same format as a time value. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1353 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1354 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1355 @defun time-add t1 t2 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1356 This returns the sum of two time values, one of which ought to |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1357 represent a time difference rather than a point in time. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1358 Here is how to add a number of seconds to a time value: |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1359 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1360 @example |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1361 (time-add @var{time} (seconds-to-time @var{seconds})) |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1362 @end example |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1363 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1364 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1365 @defun time-to-days time |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1366 This function returns the number of days between the beginning of year |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1367 1 and @var{time}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1368 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1369 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1370 @defun time-to-day-in-year time |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1371 This returns the day number within the year corresponding to @var{time}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1372 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1373 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1374 @defun date-leap-year-p year |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1375 This function returns @code{t} if @var{year} is a leap year. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1376 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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diff
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|
1377 |
6558 | 1378 @node Timers |
12098 | 1379 @section Timers for Delayed Execution |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1380 @cindex timer |
6558 | 1381 |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1382 You can set up a @dfn{timer} to call a function at a specified |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1383 future time or after a certain length of idleness. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1384 |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1385 Emacs cannot run timers at any arbitrary point in a Lisp program; it |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1386 can run them only when Emacs could accept output from a subprocess: |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
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|
1387 namely, while waiting or inside certain primitive functions such as |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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|
1388 @code{sit-for} or @code{read-event} which @emph{can} wait. Therefore, a |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1389 timer's execution may be delayed if Emacs is busy. However, the time of |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1390 execution is very precise if Emacs is idle. |
6558 | 1391 |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1392 Emacs binds @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{t} before calling the timer |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1393 function, because quitting out of many timer functions can leave |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1394 things in an inconsistent state. This is normally unproblematical |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1395 because most timer functions don't do a lot of work. Indeed, for a |
54037 | 1396 timer to call a function that takes substantial time to run is likely |
73117
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1397 to be annoying. If a timer function needs to allow quitting, it |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
73037
diff
changeset
|
1398 should use @code{with-local-quit} (@pxref{Quitting}). For example, if |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
73037
diff
changeset
|
1399 a timer function calls @code{accept-process-output} to receive output |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
73037
diff
changeset
|
1400 from an external process, that call should be wrapped inside |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
73037
diff
changeset
|
1401 @code{with-local-quit}, to ensure that @kbd{C-g} works if the external |
43aadb7f2e64
* os.texi (Timers): Mention with-local-quit.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1402 process hangs. |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1403 |
59270
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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59190
diff
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|
1404 It is usually a bad idea for timer functions to alter buffer |
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
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|
1405 contents. When they do, they usually should call @code{undo-boundary} |
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
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parents:
59190
diff
changeset
|
1406 both before and after changing the buffer, to separate the timer's |
59390
70a8ca9b81e0
(Timers): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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59270
diff
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|
1407 changes from user commands' changes and prevent a single undo entry |
70a8ca9b81e0
(Timers): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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59270
diff
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|
1408 from growing to be quite large. |
59190
6142d449ffb8
(Timers): Discuss timers vs editing the buffer and undo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57989
diff
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|
1409 |
72510
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
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diff
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|
1410 Timer functions should also avoid calling functions that cause Emacs |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
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diff
changeset
|
1411 to wait, such as @code{sit-for} (@pxref{Waiting}). This can lead to |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
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diff
changeset
|
1412 unpredictable effects, since other timers (or even the same timer) can |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
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diff
changeset
|
1413 run while waiting. If a timer function needs to perform an action |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
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diff
changeset
|
1414 after a certain time has elapsed, it can do this by scheduling a new |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
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diff
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|
1415 timer. |
b35bf6359ff4
* os.texi (Timers): Avoid waiting inside timers.
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diff
changeset
|
1416 |
63525
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
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diff
changeset
|
1417 If a timer function calls functions that can change the match data, |
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
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diff
changeset
|
1418 it should save and restore the match data. @xref{Saving Match Data}. |
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
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|
1419 |
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|
1420 @deffn Command run-at-time time repeat function &rest args |
6578797626ea
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|
1421 This sets up a timer that calls the function @var{function} with |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
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|
1422 arguments @var{args} at time @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is a number |
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(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
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|
1423 (integer or floating point), the timer is scheduled to run again every |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
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diff
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|
1424 @var{repeat} seconds after @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, |
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(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1425 the timer runs only once. |
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6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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|
1426 |
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diff
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|
1427 @var{time} may specify an absolute or a relative time. |
6558 | 1428 |
76997 | 1429 Absolute times may be specified using a string with a limited variety |
1430 of formats, and are taken to be times @emph{today}, even if already in | |
1431 the past. The recognized forms are @samp{@var{xxxx}}, | |
1432 @samp{@var{x}:@var{xx}}, or @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}} (military time), | |
1433 and @samp{@var{xx}am}, @samp{@var{xx}AM}, @samp{@var{xx}pm}, | |
1434 @samp{@var{xx}PM}, @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}am}, | |
1435 @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}AM}, @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}pm}, or | |
1436 @samp{@var{xx}:@var{xx}PM}. A period can be used instead of a colon | |
1437 to separate the hour and minute parts. | |
6558 | 1438 |
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|
1439 To specify a relative time as a string, use numbers followed by units. |
6558 | 1440 For example: |
1441 | |
1442 @table @samp | |
1443 @item 1 min | |
1444 denotes 1 minute from now. | |
1445 @item 1 min 5 sec | |
1446 denotes 65 seconds from now. | |
1447 @item 1 min 2 sec 3 hour 4 day 5 week 6 fortnight 7 month 8 year | |
1448 denotes exactly 103 months, 123 days, and 10862 seconds from now. | |
1449 @end table | |
1450 | |
25751
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1451 For relative time values, Emacs considers a month to be exactly thirty |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1452 days, and a year to be exactly 365.25 days. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1453 |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1454 Not all convenient formats are strings. If @var{time} is a number |
76854
74d5354ad0c4
(Timers): Fix description of run-at-time TIME formats.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
76841
diff
changeset
|
1455 (integer or floating point), that specifies a relative time measured in |
74d5354ad0c4
(Timers): Fix description of run-at-time TIME formats.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
76841
diff
changeset
|
1456 seconds. The result of @code{encode-time} can also be used to specify |
74d5354ad0c4
(Timers): Fix description of run-at-time TIME formats.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
76841
diff
changeset
|
1457 an absolute value for @var{time}. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1458 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1459 In most cases, @var{repeat} has no effect on when @emph{first} call |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1460 takes place---@var{time} alone specifies that. There is one exception: |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1461 if @var{time} is @code{t}, then the timer runs whenever the time is a |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1462 multiple of @var{repeat} seconds after the epoch. This is useful for |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1463 functions like @code{display-time}. |
9009 | 1464 |
1465 The function @code{run-at-time} returns a timer value that identifies | |
1466 the particular scheduled future action. You can use this value to call | |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1467 @code{cancel-timer} (see below). |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1468 @end deffn |
6558 | 1469 |
73037
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1470 A repeating timer nominally ought to run every @var{repeat} seconds, |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1471 but remember that any invocation of a timer can be late. Lateness of |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1472 one repetition has no effect on the scheduled time of the next |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1473 repetition. For instance, if Emacs is busy computing for long enough |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1474 to cover three scheduled repetitions of the timer, and then starts to |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1475 wait, it will immediately call the timer function three times in |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1476 immediate succession (presuming no other timers trigger before or |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1477 between them). If you want a timer to run again no less than @var{n} |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1478 seconds after the last invocation, don't use the @var{repeat} argument. |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1479 Instead, the timer function should explicitly reschedule the timer. |
ce175d3f53fd
(Timers): Clarify about REPEAT when timer is delayed.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72639
diff
changeset
|
1480 |
73121
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1481 @defvar timer-max-repeats |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1482 This variable's value specifies the maximum number of times to repeat |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1483 calling a timer function in a row, when many previously scheduled |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1484 calls were unavoidably delayed. |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1485 @end defvar |
9c30f6865f5f
(Timers): Describe timer-max-repeats.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
73117
diff
changeset
|
1486 |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1487 @defmac with-timeout (seconds timeout-forms@dots{}) body@dots{} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1488 Execute @var{body}, but give up after @var{seconds} seconds. If |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1489 @var{body} finishes before the time is up, @code{with-timeout} returns |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1490 the value of the last form in @var{body}. If, however, the execution of |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1491 @var{body} is cut short by the timeout, then @code{with-timeout} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1492 executes all the @var{timeout-forms} and returns the value of the last |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1493 of them. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1494 |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1495 This macro works by setting a timer to run after @var{seconds} seconds. If |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1496 @var{body} finishes before that time, it cancels the timer. If the |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1497 timer actually runs, it terminates execution of @var{body}, then |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1498 executes @var{timeout-forms}. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1499 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1500 Since timers can run within a Lisp program only when the program calls a |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1501 primitive that can wait, @code{with-timeout} cannot stop executing |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1502 @var{body} while it is in the midst of a computation---only when it |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1503 calls one of those primitives. So use @code{with-timeout} only with a |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1504 @var{body} that waits for input, not one that does a long computation. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1505 @end defmac |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1506 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1507 The function @code{y-or-n-p-with-timeout} provides a simple way to use |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1508 a timer to avoid waiting too long for an answer. @xref{Yes-or-No |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1509 Queries}. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1510 |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1511 @defun cancel-timer timer |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1512 This cancels the requested action for @var{timer}, which should be a |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1513 timer---usually, one previously returned by @code{run-at-time} or |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1514 @code{run-with-idle-timer}. This cancels the effect of that call to |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1515 one of these functions; the arrival of the specified time will not |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1516 cause anything special to happen. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1517 @end defun |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1518 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1519 @node Idle Timers |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1520 @section Idle Timers |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1521 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1522 Here is how to set up a timer that runs when Emacs is idle for a |
72462 | 1523 certain length of time. Aside from how to set them up, idle timers |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1524 work just like ordinary timers. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1525 |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1526 @deffn Command run-with-idle-timer secs repeat function &rest args |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1527 Set up a timer which runs when Emacs has been idle for @var{secs} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1528 seconds. The value of @var{secs} may be an integer or a floating point |
72512
ab8fd2fba72d
(Idle Timers): run-with-idle-timer allows Lisp time value. Add xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72510
diff
changeset
|
1529 number; a value of the type returned by @code{current-idle-time} |
ab8fd2fba72d
(Idle Timers): run-with-idle-timer allows Lisp time value. Add xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72510
diff
changeset
|
1530 is also allowed. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1531 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1532 If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, the timer runs just once, the first time |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1533 Emacs remains idle for a long enough time. More often @var{repeat} is |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1534 non-@code{nil}, which means to run the timer @emph{each time} Emacs |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1535 remains idle for @var{secs} seconds. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1536 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1537 The function @code{run-with-idle-timer} returns a timer value which you |
72512
ab8fd2fba72d
(Idle Timers): run-with-idle-timer allows Lisp time value. Add xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72510
diff
changeset
|
1538 can use in calling @code{cancel-timer} (@pxref{Timers}). |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1539 @end deffn |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1540 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1541 @cindex idleness |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1542 Emacs becomes ``idle'' when it starts waiting for user input, and it |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1543 remains idle until the user provides some input. If a timer is set for |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1544 five seconds of idleness, it runs approximately five seconds after Emacs |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1545 first becomes idle. Even if @var{repeat} is non-@code{nil}, this timer |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1546 will not run again as long as Emacs remains idle, because the duration |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1547 of idleness will continue to increase and will not go down to five |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1548 seconds again. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1549 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1550 Emacs can do various things while idle: garbage collect, autosave or |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1551 handle data from a subprocess. But these interludes during idleness do |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1552 not interfere with idle timers, because they do not reset the clock of |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1553 idleness to zero. An idle timer set for 600 seconds will run when ten |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1554 minutes have elapsed since the last user command was finished, even if |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1555 subprocess output has been accepted thousands of times within those ten |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1556 minutes, and even if there have been garbage collections and autosaves. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1557 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1558 When the user supplies input, Emacs becomes non-idle while executing the |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1559 input. Then it becomes idle again, and all the idle timers that are |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1560 set up to repeat will subsequently run another time, one by one. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1561 |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1562 @c Emacs 19 feature |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1563 @defun current-idle-time |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1564 This function returns the length of time Emacs has been idle, as a |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1565 list of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1566 The integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1567 seconds of idleness, which is |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1568 @ifnottex |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1569 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1570 @end ifnottex |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1571 @tex |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1572 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1573 @end tex |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1574 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1575 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1576 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1577 the resolution of only one second). |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1578 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1579 The main use of this function is when an idle timer function wants to |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1580 ``take a break'' for a while. It can set up another idle timer to |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1581 call the same function again, after a few seconds more idleness. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1582 Here's an example: |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1583 |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1584 @smallexample |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1585 (defvar resume-timer nil |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1586 "Timer that `timer-function' used to reschedule itself, or nil.") |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1587 |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1588 (defun timer-function () |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1589 ;; @r{If the user types a command while @code{resume-timer}} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1590 ;; @r{is active, the next time this function is called from} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1591 ;; @r{its main idle timer, deactivate @code{resume-timer}.} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1592 (when resume-timer |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1593 (cancel-timer resume-timer)) |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1594 ...@var{do the work for a while}... |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1595 (when @var{taking-a-break} |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1596 (setq resume-timer |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1597 (run-with-idle-timer |
72462 | 1598 ;; Compute an idle time @var{break-length} |
72447
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1599 ;; more than the current value. |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1600 (time-add (current-idle-time) |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72370
diff
changeset
|
1601 (seconds-to-time @var{break-length})) |
2a80ec1d7c00
(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1602 nil |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1603 'timer-function)))) |
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(Idle Timers): New node, split out from Timers.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1604 @end smallexample |
6558 | 1605 @end defun |
1606 | |
72639
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1607 Some idle timer functions in user Lisp packages have a loop that |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1608 does a certain amount of processing each time around, and exits when |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1609 @code{(input-pending-p)} is non-@code{nil}. That approach seems very |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1610 natural but has two problems: |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1611 |
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(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1612 @itemize |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1613 @item |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1614 It blocks out all process output (since Emacs accepts process output |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1615 only while waiting). |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1616 |
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(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1617 @item |
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(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1618 It blocks out any idle timers that ought to run during that time. |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1619 @end itemize |
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(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1620 |
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(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1621 @noindent |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1622 To avoid these problems, don't use that technique. Instead, write |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1623 such idle timers to reschedule themselves after a brief pause, using |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72512
diff
changeset
|
1624 the method in the @code{timer-function} example above. |
ade5681a8e7e
(Idle Timers): Explain why timer functions should not
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1625 |
6558 | 1626 @node Terminal Input |
1627 @section Terminal Input | |
1628 @cindex terminal input | |
1629 | |
1630 This section describes functions and variables for recording or | |
1631 manipulating terminal input. See @ref{Display}, for related | |
1632 functions. | |
1633 | |
1634 @menu | |
1635 * Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed. | |
1636 * Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events. | |
1637 @end menu | |
1638 | |
1639 @node Input Modes | |
1640 @subsection Input Modes | |
1641 @cindex input modes | |
1642 @cindex terminal input modes | |
1643 | |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1644 @defun set-input-mode interrupt flow meta &optional quit-char |
6558 | 1645 This function sets the mode for reading keyboard input. If |
1646 @var{interrupt} is non-null, then Emacs uses input interrupts. If it is | |
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1647 @code{nil}, then it uses @sc{cbreak} mode. The default setting is |
25751
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1648 system-dependent. Some systems always use @sc{cbreak} mode regardless |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1649 of what is specified. |
6558 | 1650 |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1651 When Emacs communicates directly with X, it ignores this argument and |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1652 uses interrupts if that is the way it knows how to communicate. |
6558 | 1653 |
21682
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|
1654 If @var{flow} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} |
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|
1655 (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) flow control for output to the terminal. This |
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(Startup Summary): Correct the options; add missing ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1656 has no effect except in @sc{cbreak} mode. |
6558 | 1657 |
1658 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1659 The argument @var{meta} controls support for input character codes | |
1660 above 127. If @var{meta} is @code{t}, Emacs converts characters with | |
1661 the 8th bit set into Meta characters. If @var{meta} is @code{nil}, | |
1662 Emacs disregards the 8th bit; this is necessary when the terminal uses | |
1663 it as a parity bit. If @var{meta} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, | |
1664 Emacs uses all 8 bits of input unchanged. This is good for terminals | |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1665 that use 8-bit character sets. |
6558 | 1666 |
1667 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1668 If @var{quit-char} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the character to | |
1669 use for quitting. Normally this character is @kbd{C-g}. | |
1670 @xref{Quitting}. | |
1671 @end defun | |
1672 | |
1673 The @code{current-input-mode} function returns the input mode settings | |
1674 Emacs is currently using. | |
1675 | |
1676 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1677 @defun current-input-mode | |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1678 This function returns the current mode for reading keyboard input. It |
6558 | 1679 returns a list, corresponding to the arguments of @code{set-input-mode}, |
1680 of the form @code{(@var{interrupt} @var{flow} @var{meta} @var{quit})} in | |
1681 which: | |
1682 @table @var | |
1683 @item interrupt | |
1684 is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is using interrupt-driven input. If | |
1685 @code{nil}, Emacs is using @sc{cbreak} mode. | |
1686 @item flow | |
1687 is non-@code{nil} if Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) | |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
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diff
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|
1688 flow control for output to the terminal. This value is meaningful only |
d4ac295a98b3
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diff
changeset
|
1689 when @var{interrupt} is @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1690 @item meta |
12098 | 1691 is @code{t} if Emacs treats the eighth bit of input characters as |
6558 | 1692 the meta bit; @code{nil} means Emacs clears the eighth bit of every |
1693 input character; any other value means Emacs uses all eight bits as the | |
1694 basic character code. | |
1695 @item quit | |
1696 is the character Emacs currently uses for quitting, usually @kbd{C-g}. | |
1697 @end table | |
1698 @end defun | |
1699 | |
1700 @node Recording Input | |
1701 @subsection Recording Input | |
76835 | 1702 @cindex recording input |
6558 | 1703 |
1704 @defun recent-keys | |
76559
688108e29e1b
(Recording Input): recent-keys now gives 300 keys.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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76510
diff
changeset
|
1705 This function returns a vector containing the last 300 input events from |
21682
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|
1706 the keyboard or mouse. All input events are included, whether or not |
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diff
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|
1707 they were used as parts of key sequences. Thus, you always get the last |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1708 100 input events, not counting events generated by keyboard macros. |
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|
1709 (These are excluded because they are less interesting for debugging; it |
9009 | 1710 should be enough to see the events that invoked the macros.) |
39202
557aaff6fb23
(Time of Day): Document float-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1711 |
557aaff6fb23
(Time of Day): Document float-time.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1712 A call to @code{clear-this-command-keys} (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) |
39221
68b26e98aef6
Clarify recent changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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39202
diff
changeset
|
1713 causes this function to return an empty vector immediately afterward. |
6558 | 1714 @end defun |
1715 | |
26242 | 1716 @deffn Command open-dribble-file filename |
6558 | 1717 @cindex dribble file |
1718 This function opens a @dfn{dribble file} named @var{filename}. When a | |
1719 dribble file is open, each input event from the keyboard or mouse (but | |
1720 not those from keyboard macros) is written in that file. A | |
1721 non-character event is expressed using its printed representation | |
1722 surrounded by @samp{<@dots{}>}. | |
1723 | |
1724 You close the dribble file by calling this function with an argument | |
1725 of @code{nil}. | |
1726 | |
1727 This function is normally used to record the input necessary to | |
1728 trigger an Emacs bug, for the sake of a bug report. | |
1729 | |
1730 @example | |
1731 @group | |
1732 (open-dribble-file "~/dribble") | |
1733 @result{} nil | |
1734 @end group | |
1735 @end example | |
1736 @end deffn | |
1737 | |
1738 See also the @code{open-termscript} function (@pxref{Terminal Output}). | |
1739 | |
1740 @node Terminal Output | |
1741 @section Terminal Output | |
1742 @cindex terminal output | |
1743 | |
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(Startup Summary): Correct the options; add missing ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1744 The terminal output functions send output to a text terminal, or keep |
6558 | 1745 track of output sent to the terminal. The variable @code{baud-rate} |
1746 tells you what Emacs thinks is the output speed of the terminal. | |
1747 | |
1748 @defvar baud-rate | |
1749 This variable's value is the output speed of the terminal, as far as | |
1750 Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not change the speed of actual | |
1751 data transmission, but the value is used for calculations such as | |
72002
2f62cd511de0
(Terminal Output): baud-rate only controls preemption on
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changeset
|
1752 padding. |
2f62cd511de0
(Terminal Output): baud-rate only controls preemption on
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diff
changeset
|
1753 |
2f62cd511de0
(Terminal Output): baud-rate only controls preemption on
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diff
changeset
|
1754 It also affects decisions about whether to scroll part of the |
72057
2bad0076ec08
(Terminal Output): Clarify text vs graphical terminal.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
72002
diff
changeset
|
1755 screen or repaint on text terminals. @xref{Forcing Redisplay}, |
2bad0076ec08
(Terminal Output): Clarify text vs graphical terminal.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
72002
diff
changeset
|
1756 for the corresponding functionality on graphical terminals. |
6558 | 1757 |
1758 The value is measured in baud. | |
1759 @end defvar | |
1760 | |
1761 If you are running across a network, and different parts of the | |
1762 network work at different baud rates, the value returned by Emacs may be | |
1763 different from the value used by your local terminal. Some network | |
1764 protocols communicate the local terminal speed to the remote machine, so | |
1765 that Emacs and other programs can get the proper value, but others do | |
1766 not. If Emacs has the wrong value, it makes decisions that are less | |
1767 than optimal. To fix the problem, set @code{baud-rate}. | |
1768 | |
1769 @defun baud-rate | |
21682
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|
1770 This obsolete function returns the value of the variable |
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|
1771 @code{baud-rate}. |
6558 | 1772 @end defun |
1773 | |
1774 @defun send-string-to-terminal string | |
1775 This function sends @var{string} to the terminal without alteration. | |
1776 Control characters in @var{string} have terminal-dependent effects. | |
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(Startup Summary): Correct the options; add missing ones.
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|
1777 This function operates only on text terminals. |
6558 | 1778 |
1779 One use of this function is to define function keys on terminals that | |
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|
1780 have downloadable function key definitions. For example, this is how (on |
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1781 certain terminals) to define function key 4 to move forward four |
6558 | 1782 characters (by transmitting the characters @kbd{C-u C-f} to the |
1783 computer): | |
1784 | |
1785 @example | |
1786 @group | |
1787 (send-string-to-terminal "\eF4\^U\^F") | |
1788 @result{} nil | |
1789 @end group | |
1790 @end example | |
1791 @end defun | |
1792 | |
1793 @deffn Command open-termscript filename | |
1794 @cindex termscript file | |
1795 This function is used to open a @dfn{termscript file} that will record | |
1796 all the characters sent by Emacs to the terminal. It returns | |
1797 @code{nil}. Termscript files are useful for investigating problems | |
1798 where Emacs garbles the screen, problems that are due to incorrect | |
1799 Termcap entries or to undesirable settings of terminal options more | |
1800 often than to actual Emacs bugs. Once you are certain which characters | |
1801 were actually output, you can determine reliably whether they correspond | |
1802 to the Termcap specifications in use. | |
1803 | |
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1804 You close the termscript file by calling this function with an |
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1805 argument of @code{nil}. |
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1806 |
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1807 See also @code{open-dribble-file} in @ref{Recording Input}. |
6558 | 1808 |
1809 @example | |
1810 @group | |
1811 (open-termscript "../junk/termscript") | |
1812 @result{} nil | |
1813 @end group | |
1814 @end example | |
1815 @end deffn | |
1816 | |
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1817 @node Sound Output |
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1818 @section Sound Output |
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1819 @cindex sound |
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1820 |
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1821 To play sound using Emacs, use the function @code{play-sound}. Only |
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1822 certain systems are supported; if you call @code{play-sound} on a system |
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1823 which cannot really do the job, it gives an error. Emacs version 20 and |
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1824 earlier did not support sound at all. |
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1825 |
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1826 The sound must be stored as a file in RIFF-WAVE format (@samp{.wav}) |
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1827 or Sun Audio format (@samp{.au}). |
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1828 |
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1829 @defun play-sound sound |
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1830 This function plays a specified sound. The argument, @var{sound}, has |
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1831 the form @code{(sound @var{properties}...)}, where the @var{properties} |
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1832 consist of alternating keywords (particular symbols recognized |
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1833 specially) and values corresponding to them. |
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1834 |
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1835 Here is a table of the keywords that are currently meaningful in |
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1836 @var{sound}, and their meanings: |
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1837 |
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1838 @table @code |
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1839 @item :file @var{file} |
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1840 This specifies the file containing the sound to play. |
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1841 If the file name is not absolute, it is expanded against |
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1842 the directory @code{data-directory}. |
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1843 |
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1844 @item :data @var{data} |
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1845 This specifies the sound to play without need to refer to a file. The |
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1846 value, @var{data}, should be a string containing the same bytes as a |
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1847 sound file. We recommend using a unibyte string. |
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1848 |
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1849 @item :volume @var{volume} |
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1850 This specifies how loud to play the sound. It should be a number in the |
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1851 range of 0 to 1. The default is to use whatever volume has been |
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1852 specified before. |
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1853 |
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1854 @item :device @var{device} |
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1855 This specifies the system device on which to play the sound, as a |
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1856 string. The default device is system-dependent. |
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1857 @end table |
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1858 |
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1859 Before actually playing the sound, @code{play-sound} |
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1860 calls the functions in the list @code{play-sound-functions}. |
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1861 Each function is called with one argument, @var{sound}. |
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1862 @end defun |
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1863 |
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1864 @defun play-sound-file file &optional volume device |
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1865 This function is an alternative interface to playing a sound @var{file} |
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1866 specifying an optional @var{volume} and @var{device}. |
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1867 @end defun |
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1868 |
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1869 @defvar play-sound-functions |
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1870 A list of functions to be called before playing a sound. Each function |
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1871 is called with one argument, a property list that describes the sound. |
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1872 @end defvar |
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1873 |
46228 | 1874 @node X11 Keysyms |
1875 @section Operating on X11 Keysyms | |
76997 | 1876 @cindex X11 keysyms |
6558 | 1877 |
1878 To define system-specific X11 keysyms, set the variable | |
1879 @code{system-key-alist}. | |
1880 | |
1881 @defvar system-key-alist | |
1882 This variable's value should be an alist with one element for each | |
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1883 system-specific keysym. Each element has the form @code{(@var{code} |
6558 | 1884 . @var{symbol})}, where @var{code} is the numeric keysym code (not |
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1885 including the ``vendor specific'' bit, |
27193 | 1886 @ifnottex |
24934 | 1887 -2**28), |
27193 | 1888 @end ifnottex |
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1889 @tex |
24934 | 1890 $-2^{28}$), |
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1891 @end tex |
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1892 and @var{symbol} is the name for the function key. |
6558 | 1893 |
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1894 For example @code{(168 . mute-acute)} defines a system-specific key (used |
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1895 by HP X servers) whose numeric code is |
27193 | 1896 @ifnottex |
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1897 -2**28 |
27193 | 1898 @end ifnottex |
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1899 @tex |
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1900 $-2^{28}$ |
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1901 @end tex |
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1902 + 168. |
6558 | 1903 |
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1904 It is not crucial to exclude from the alist the keysyms of other X |
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1905 servers; those do no harm, as long as they don't conflict with the ones |
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1906 used by the X server actually in use. |
12067 | 1907 |
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1908 The variable is always local to the current terminal, and cannot be |
12067 | 1909 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
6558 | 1910 @end defvar |
1911 | |
46228 | 1912 You can specify which keysyms Emacs should use for the Meta, Alt, Hyper, and Super modifiers by setting these variables: |
1913 | |
1914 @defvar x-alt-keysym | |
1915 @defvarx x-meta-keysym | |
1916 @defvarx x-hyper-keysym | |
1917 @defvarx x-super-keysym | |
1918 The name of the keysym that should stand for the Alt modifier | |
1919 (respectively, for Meta, Hyper, and Super). For example, here is | |
1920 how to swap the Meta and Alt modifiers within Emacs: | |
1921 @lisp | |
1922 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta) | |
1923 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt) | |
1924 @end lisp | |
1925 @end defvar | |
1926 | |
6558 | 1927 @node Batch Mode |
1928 @section Batch Mode | |
1929 @cindex batch mode | |
1930 | |
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1931 The command-line option @samp{-batch} causes Emacs to run |
6558 | 1932 noninteractively. In this mode, Emacs does not read commands from the |
1933 terminal, it does not alter the terminal modes, and it does not expect | |
1934 to be outputting to an erasable screen. The idea is that you specify | |
1935 Lisp programs to run; when they are finished, Emacs should exit. The | |
1936 way to specify the programs to run is with @samp{-l @var{file}}, which | |
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1937 loads the library named @var{file}, or @samp{-f @var{function}}, which |
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1938 calls @var{function} with no arguments, or @samp{--eval @var{form}}. |
6558 | 1939 |
1940 Any Lisp program output that would normally go to the echo area, | |
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1941 either using @code{message}, or using @code{prin1}, etc., with @code{t} |
12098 | 1942 as the stream, goes instead to Emacs's standard error descriptor when |
36873 | 1943 in batch mode. Similarly, input that would normally come from the |
1944 minibuffer is read from the standard input descriptor. | |
1945 Thus, Emacs behaves much like a noninteractive | |
6558 | 1946 application program. (The echo area output that Emacs itself normally |
1947 generates, such as command echoing, is suppressed entirely.) | |
1948 | |
1949 @defvar noninteractive | |
1950 This variable is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is running in batch mode. | |
1951 @end defvar | |
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1952 |
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1953 @node Session Management |
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1954 @section Session Management |
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1955 @cindex session manager |
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1956 |
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1957 Emacs supports the X Session Management Protocol for suspension and |
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1958 restart of applications. In the X Window System, a program called the |
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1959 @dfn{session manager} has the responsibility to keep track of the |
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1960 applications that are running. During shutdown, the session manager |
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1961 asks applications to save their state, and delays the actual shutdown |
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1962 until they respond. An application can also cancel the shutdown. |
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1963 |
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1964 When the session manager restarts a suspended session, it directs |
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1965 these applications to individually reload their saved state. It does |
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1966 this by specifying a special command-line argument that says what |
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1967 saved session to restore. For Emacs, this argument is @samp{--smid |
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1968 @var{session}}. |
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1969 |
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1970 @defvar emacs-save-session-functions |
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1971 Emacs supports saving state by using a hook called |
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1972 @code{emacs-save-session-functions}. Each function in this hook is |
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1973 called when the session manager tells Emacs that the window system is |
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1974 shutting down. The functions are called with no arguments and with the |
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1975 current buffer set to a temporary buffer. Each function can use |
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1976 @code{insert} to add Lisp code to this buffer. At the end, Emacs |
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1977 saves the buffer in a file that a subsequent Emacs invocation will |
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parents:
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1978 load in order to restart the saved session. |
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parents:
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1979 |
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parents:
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1980 If a function in @code{emacs-save-session-functions} returns |
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parents:
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1981 non-@code{nil}, Emacs tells the session manager to cancel the |
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parents:
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1982 shutdown. |
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1983 @end defvar |
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parents:
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1984 |
56353 | 1985 Here is an example that just inserts some text into @samp{*scratch*} when |
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parents:
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1986 Emacs is restarted by the session manager. |
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parents:
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1987 |
340b4384f4ac
(Session Management): New node about X Session management.
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parents:
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1988 @example |
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(Session Management): New node about X Session management.
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1989 @group |
340b4384f4ac
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parents:
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1990 (add-hook 'emacs-save-session-functions 'save-yourself-test) |
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(Session Management): New node about X Session management.
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parents:
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1991 @end group |
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(Session Management): New node about X Session management.
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parents:
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1992 |
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parents:
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1993 @group |
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parents:
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1994 (defun save-yourself-test () |
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1995 (insert "(save-excursion |
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1996 (switch-to-buffer \"*scratch*\") |
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1997 (insert \"I am restored\"))") |
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parents:
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1998 nil) |
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1999 @end group |
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2000 @end example |
52401 | 2001 |
2002 @ignore | |
2003 arch-tag: 8378814a-30d7-467c-9615-74a80b9988a7 | |
2004 @end ignore |