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author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 06 Oct 2001 23:41:39 +0000 |
parents | f7b7fdb0f3f4 |
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6552 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
27189 | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1999 |
4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
6552 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/abbrevs | |
7 @node Abbrevs, Processes, Syntax Tables, Top | |
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8 @chapter Abbrevs and Abbrev Expansion |
6552 | 9 @cindex abbrev |
10 @cindex abbrev table | |
11 | |
12 An abbreviation or @dfn{abbrev} is a string of characters that may be | |
13 expanded to a longer string. The user can insert the abbrev string and | |
14 find it replaced automatically with the expansion of the abbrev. This | |
15 saves typing. | |
16 | |
17 The set of abbrevs currently in effect is recorded in an @dfn{abbrev | |
18 table}. Each buffer has a local abbrev table, but normally all buffers | |
19 in the same major mode share one abbrev table. There is also a global | |
20 abbrev table. Normally both are used. | |
21 | |
22 An abbrev table is represented as an obarray containing a symbol for | |
7688 | 23 each abbreviation. The symbol's name is the abbreviation; its value is |
6552 | 24 the expansion; its function definition is the hook function to do the |
7688 | 25 expansion (@pxref{Defining Abbrevs}); its property list cell contains |
26 the use count, the number of times the abbreviation has been expanded. | |
27 Because these symbols are not interned in the usual obarray, they will | |
28 never appear as the result of reading a Lisp expression; in fact, | |
29 normally they are never used except by the code that handles abbrevs. | |
30 Therefore, it is safe to use them in an extremely nonstandard way. | |
31 @xref{Creating Symbols}. | |
6552 | 32 |
33 For the user-level commands for abbrevs, see @ref{Abbrevs,, Abbrev | |
34 Mode, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
35 | |
36 @menu | |
37 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation. | |
38 * Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables. | |
39 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions. | |
40 * Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files. | |
41 * Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines. | |
42 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes. | |
43 @end menu | |
44 | |
45 @node Abbrev Mode, Abbrev Tables, Abbrevs, Abbrevs | |
46 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
47 @section Setting Up Abbrev Mode | |
48 | |
49 Abbrev mode is a minor mode controlled by the value of the variable | |
50 @code{abbrev-mode}. | |
51 | |
52 @defvar abbrev-mode | |
53 A non-@code{nil} value of this variable turns on the automatic expansion | |
54 of abbrevs when their abbreviations are inserted into a buffer. | |
55 If the value is @code{nil}, abbrevs may be defined, but they are not | |
56 expanded automatically. | |
57 | |
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58 This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion. |
6552 | 59 @end defvar |
60 | |
61 @defvar default-abbrev-mode | |
7688 | 62 This is the value of @code{abbrev-mode} for buffers that do not override it. |
6552 | 63 This is the same as @code{(default-value 'abbrev-mode)}. |
64 @end defvar | |
65 | |
66 @node Abbrev Tables, Defining Abbrevs, Abbrev Mode, Abbrevs | |
67 @section Abbrev Tables | |
68 | |
69 This section describes how to create and manipulate abbrev tables. | |
70 | |
71 @defun make-abbrev-table | |
72 This function creates and returns a new, empty abbrev table---an obarray | |
73 containing no symbols. It is a vector filled with zeros. | |
74 @end defun | |
75 | |
76 @defun clear-abbrev-table table | |
77 This function undefines all the abbrevs in abbrev table @var{table}, | |
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78 leaving it empty. It always returns @code{nil}. |
6552 | 79 @end defun |
80 | |
81 @defun define-abbrev-table tabname definitions | |
82 This function defines @var{tabname} (a symbol) as an abbrev table name, | |
83 i.e., as a variable whose value is an abbrev table. It defines abbrevs | |
84 in the table according to @var{definitions}, a list of elements of the | |
85 form @code{(@var{abbrevname} @var{expansion} @var{hook} | |
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86 @var{usecount})}. The return value is always @code{nil}. |
6552 | 87 @end defun |
88 | |
89 @defvar abbrev-table-name-list | |
90 This is a list of symbols whose values are abbrev tables. | |
91 @code{define-abbrev-table} adds the new abbrev table name to this list. | |
92 @end defvar | |
93 | |
94 @defun insert-abbrev-table-description name &optional human | |
95 This function inserts before point a description of the abbrev table | |
96 named @var{name}. The argument @var{name} is a symbol whose value is an | |
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97 abbrev table. The return value is always @code{nil}. |
6552 | 98 |
99 If @var{human} is non-@code{nil}, the description is human-oriented. | |
100 Otherwise the description is a Lisp expression---a call to | |
7688 | 101 @code{define-abbrev-table} that would define @var{name} exactly as it |
6552 | 102 is currently defined. |
103 @end defun | |
104 | |
105 @node Defining Abbrevs, Abbrev Files, Abbrev Tables, Abbrevs | |
106 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
107 @section Defining Abbrevs | |
108 | |
109 These functions define an abbrev in a specified abbrev table. | |
110 @code{define-abbrev} is the low-level basic function, while | |
111 @code{add-abbrev} is used by commands that ask for information from the | |
112 user. | |
113 | |
114 @defun add-abbrev table type arg | |
7688 | 115 This function adds an abbreviation to abbrev table @var{table} based on |
116 information from the user. The argument @var{type} is a string | |
117 describing in English the kind of abbrev this will be (typically, | |
118 @code{"global"} or @code{"mode-specific"}); this is used in prompting | |
119 the user. The argument @var{arg} is the number of words in the | |
120 expansion. | |
6552 | 121 |
7688 | 122 The return value is the symbol that internally represents the new |
6552 | 123 abbrev, or @code{nil} if the user declines to confirm redefining an |
124 existing abbrev. | |
125 @end defun | |
126 | |
26192 | 127 @defun define-abbrev table name expansion &optional hook count |
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128 This function defines an abbrev named @var{name}, in @var{table}, to |
26192 | 129 expand to @var{expansion} and call @var{hook}. The value of |
130 @var{count}, if specified, initializes the abbrev's usage-count. If | |
131 @var{count} is not specified or @code{nil}, the use count is initialized | |
132 to zero. The return value is a symbol that represents the abbrev inside | |
133 Emacs; its name is @var{name}. | |
6552 | 134 |
135 The argument @var{name} should be a string. The argument | |
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136 @var{expansion} is normally the desired expansion (a string), or |
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137 @code{nil} to undefine the abbrev. If it is anything but a string or |
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138 @code{nil}, then the abbreviation ``expands'' solely by running |
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139 @var{hook}. |
6552 | 140 |
141 The argument @var{hook} is a function or @code{nil}. If @var{hook} is | |
142 non-@code{nil}, then it is called with no arguments after the abbrev is | |
143 replaced with @var{expansion}; point is located at the end of | |
7688 | 144 @var{expansion} when @var{hook} is called. |
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145 |
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146 If @var{hook} is a non-nil symbol whose @code{no-self-insert} property |
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147 is non-@code{nil}, @var{hook} can explicitly control whether to insert |
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148 the self-inserting input character that triggered the expansion. If |
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149 @var{hook} returns non-@code{nil} in this case, that inhibits insertion |
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150 of the character. By contrast, if @var{hook} returns @code{nil}, |
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151 @code{expand-abbrev} also returns @code{nil}, as if expansion had not |
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152 really occurred. |
6552 | 153 @end defun |
154 | |
155 @defopt only-global-abbrevs | |
156 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it means that the user plans to use | |
157 global abbrevs only. This tells the commands that define mode-specific | |
158 abbrevs to define global ones instead. This variable does not alter the | |
7688 | 159 behavior of the functions in this section; it is examined by their |
6552 | 160 callers. |
161 @end defopt | |
162 | |
163 @node Abbrev Files, Abbrev Expansion, Defining Abbrevs, Abbrevs | |
164 @section Saving Abbrevs in Files | |
165 | |
166 A file of saved abbrev definitions is actually a file of Lisp code. | |
167 The abbrevs are saved in the form of a Lisp program to define the same | |
168 abbrev tables with the same contents. Therefore, you can load the file | |
169 with @code{load} (@pxref{How Programs Do Loading}). However, the | |
170 function @code{quietly-read-abbrev-file} is provided as a more | |
171 convenient interface. | |
172 | |
173 User-level facilities such as @code{save-some-buffers} can save | |
174 abbrevs in a file automatically, under the control of variables | |
175 described here. | |
176 | |
177 @defopt abbrev-file-name | |
178 This is the default file name for reading and saving abbrevs. | |
179 @end defopt | |
180 | |
26192 | 181 @defun quietly-read-abbrev-file &optional filename |
6552 | 182 This function reads abbrev definitions from a file named @var{filename}, |
183 previously written with @code{write-abbrev-file}. If @var{filename} is | |
26192 | 184 omitted or @code{nil}, the file specified in @code{abbrev-file-name} is |
185 used. @code{save-abbrevs} is set to @code{t} so that changes will be | |
186 saved. | |
6552 | 187 |
188 This function does not display any messages. It returns @code{nil}. | |
189 @end defun | |
190 | |
191 @defopt save-abbrevs | |
192 A non-@code{nil} value for @code{save-abbrev} means that Emacs should | |
193 save abbrevs when files are saved. @code{abbrev-file-name} specifies | |
194 the file to save the abbrevs in. | |
195 @end defopt | |
196 | |
197 @defvar abbrevs-changed | |
198 This variable is set non-@code{nil} by defining or altering any | |
199 abbrevs. This serves as a flag for various Emacs commands to offer to | |
200 save your abbrevs. | |
201 @end defvar | |
202 | |
26192 | 203 @deffn Command write-abbrev-file &optional filename |
6552 | 204 Save all abbrev definitions, in all abbrev tables, in the file |
7688 | 205 @var{filename}, in the form of a Lisp program that when loaded will |
26192 | 206 define the same abbrevs. If @var{filename} is @code{nil} or omitted, |
207 @code{abbrev-file-name} is used. This function returns @code{nil}. | |
6552 | 208 @end deffn |
209 | |
210 @node Abbrev Expansion, Standard Abbrev Tables, Abbrev Files, Abbrevs | |
211 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
212 @section Looking Up and Expanding Abbreviations | |
213 | |
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214 Abbrevs are usually expanded by certain interactive commands, |
6552 | 215 including @code{self-insert-command}. This section describes the |
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216 subroutines used in writing such commands, as well as the variables they |
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217 use for communication. |
6552 | 218 |
219 @defun abbrev-symbol abbrev &optional table | |
220 This function returns the symbol representing the abbrev named | |
221 @var{abbrev}. The value returned is @code{nil} if that abbrev is not | |
222 defined. The optional second argument @var{table} is the abbrev table | |
223 to look it up in. If @var{table} is @code{nil}, this function tries | |
224 first the current buffer's local abbrev table, and second the global | |
225 abbrev table. | |
226 @end defun | |
227 | |
7688 | 228 @defun abbrev-expansion abbrev &optional table |
229 This function returns the string that @var{abbrev} would expand into (as | |
230 defined by the abbrev tables used for the current buffer). The optional | |
231 argument @var{table} specifies the abbrev table to use, as in | |
232 @code{abbrev-symbol}. | |
233 @end defun | |
234 | |
235 @deffn Command expand-abbrev | |
26192 | 236 This command expands the abbrev before point, if any. If point does not |
237 follow an abbrev, this command does nothing. The command returns the | |
238 abbrev symbol if it did expansion, @code{nil} otherwise. | |
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239 |
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240 If the abbrev symbol has a hook function which is a symbol whose |
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241 @code{no-self-insert} property is non-@code{nil}, and if the hook |
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242 function returns @code{nil} as its value, then @code{expand-abbrev} |
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243 returns @code{nil} even though expansion did occur. |
7688 | 244 @end deffn |
245 | |
246 @deffn Command abbrev-prefix-mark &optional arg | |
247 Mark current point as the beginning of an abbrev. The next call to | |
248 @code{expand-abbrev} will use the text from here to point (where it is | |
249 then) as the abbrev to expand, rather than using the previous word as | |
250 usual. | |
251 @end deffn | |
252 | |
6552 | 253 @defopt abbrev-all-caps |
254 When this is set non-@code{nil}, an abbrev entered entirely in upper | |
255 case is expanded using all upper case. Otherwise, an abbrev entered | |
256 entirely in upper case is expanded by capitalizing each word of the | |
257 expansion. | |
258 @end defopt | |
259 | |
260 @defvar abbrev-start-location | |
261 This is the buffer position for @code{expand-abbrev} to use as the start | |
262 of the next abbrev to be expanded. (@code{nil} means use the word | |
263 before point instead.) @code{abbrev-start-location} is set to | |
264 @code{nil} each time @code{expand-abbrev} is called. This variable is | |
265 also set by @code{abbrev-prefix-mark}. | |
266 @end defvar | |
267 | |
268 @defvar abbrev-start-location-buffer | |
269 The value of this variable is the buffer for which | |
270 @code{abbrev-start-location} has been set. Trying to expand an abbrev | |
271 in any other buffer clears @code{abbrev-start-location}. This variable | |
272 is set by @code{abbrev-prefix-mark}. | |
273 @end defvar | |
274 | |
275 @defvar last-abbrev | |
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276 This is the @code{abbrev-symbol} of the most recent abbrev expanded. This |
6552 | 277 information is left by @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the |
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278 @code{unexpand-abbrev} command (@pxref{Expanding Abbrevs,, Expanding |
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279 Abbrevs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). |
6552 | 280 @end defvar |
281 | |
282 @defvar last-abbrev-location | |
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283 This is the location of the most recent abbrev expanded. This contains |
6552 | 284 information left by @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the |
285 @code{unexpand-abbrev} command. | |
286 @end defvar | |
287 | |
288 @defvar last-abbrev-text | |
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289 This is the exact expansion text of the most recent abbrev expanded, |
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290 after case conversion (if any). Its value is @code{nil} if the abbrev |
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291 has already been unexpanded. This contains information left by |
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292 @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the @code{unexpand-abbrev} command. |
6552 | 293 @end defvar |
294 | |
295 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
296 @defvar pre-abbrev-expand-hook | |
297 This is a normal hook whose functions are executed, in sequence, just | |
298 before any expansion of an abbrev. @xref{Hooks}. Since it is a normal | |
299 hook, the hook functions receive no arguments. However, they can find | |
300 the abbrev to be expanded by looking in the buffer before point. | |
26192 | 301 Running the hook is the first thing that @code{expand-abbrev} does, and |
302 so a hook function can be used to change the current abbrev table before | |
303 abbrev lookup happens. | |
6552 | 304 @end defvar |
305 | |
306 The following sample code shows a simple use of | |
307 @code{pre-abbrev-expand-hook}. If the user terminates an abbrev with a | |
308 punctuation character, the hook function asks for confirmation. Thus, | |
309 this hook allows the user to decide whether to expand the abbrev, and | |
310 aborts expansion if it is not confirmed. | |
311 | |
312 @smallexample | |
313 (add-hook 'pre-abbrev-expand-hook 'query-if-not-space) | |
314 | |
315 ;; @r{This is the function invoked by @code{pre-abbrev-expand-hook}.} | |
316 | |
317 ;; @r{If the user terminated the abbrev with a space, the function does} | |
318 ;; @r{nothing (that is, it returns so that the abbrev can expand). If the} | |
319 ;; @r{user entered some other character, this function asks whether} | |
320 ;; @r{expansion should continue.} | |
321 | |
7688 | 322 ;; @r{If the user answers the prompt with @kbd{y}, the function returns} |
6552 | 323 ;; @r{@code{nil} (because of the @code{not} function), but that is} |
324 ;; @r{acceptable; the return value has no effect on expansion.} | |
325 | |
326 (defun query-if-not-space () | |
327 (if (/= ?\ (preceding-char)) | |
328 (if (not (y-or-n-p "Do you want to expand this abbrev? ")) | |
329 (error "Not expanding this abbrev")))) | |
330 @end smallexample | |
331 | |
332 @node Standard Abbrev Tables, , Abbrev Expansion, Abbrevs | |
333 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
334 @section Standard Abbrev Tables | |
335 | |
336 Here we list the variables that hold the abbrev tables for the | |
337 preloaded major modes of Emacs. | |
338 | |
339 @defvar global-abbrev-table | |
340 This is the abbrev table for mode-independent abbrevs. The abbrevs | |
341 defined in it apply to all buffers. Each buffer may also have a local | |
342 abbrev table, whose abbrev definitions take precedence over those in the | |
343 global table. | |
344 @end defvar | |
345 | |
346 @defvar local-abbrev-table | |
347 The value of this buffer-local variable is the (mode-specific) | |
348 abbreviation table of the current buffer. | |
349 @end defvar | |
350 | |
351 @defvar fundamental-mode-abbrev-table | |
7688 | 352 This is the local abbrev table used in Fundamental mode; in other words, |
353 it is the local abbrev table in all buffers in Fundamental mode. | |
6552 | 354 @end defvar |
355 | |
356 @defvar text-mode-abbrev-table | |
357 This is the local abbrev table used in Text mode. | |
358 @end defvar | |
359 | |
360 @defvar lisp-mode-abbrev-table | |
361 This is the local abbrev table used in Lisp mode and Emacs Lisp mode. | |
362 @end defvar | |
26192 | 363 |