annotate man/msdog.texi @ 39934:674e73ec881a

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author Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
date Sun, 14 Oct 2001 20:13:47 +0000
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2000,2001
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node MS-DOS, Manifesto, Mac OS, Top
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6 @appendix Emacs and MS-DOS
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7 @cindex MS-DOG
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8 @cindex MS-DOS peculiarities
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9
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10 This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under
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11 the MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG''). If you
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12 build Emacs for MS-DOS, the binary will also run on Windows 3.X, Windows
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13 NT, Windows 9X/ME, Windows 2000, or OS/2 as a DOS application; the
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14 information in this chapter applies for all of those systems, if you use
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15 an Emacs that was built for MS-DOS.
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16
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17 Note that it is possible to build Emacs specifically for Windows NT/2K
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18 or Windows 9X/ME. If you do that, most of this chapter does not apply;
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19 instead, you get behavior much closer to what is documented in the rest
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20 of the manual, including support for long file names, multiple frames,
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21 scroll bars, mouse menus, and subprocesses. However, the section on
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22 text files and binary files does still apply. There are also two
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23 sections at the end of this chapter which apply specifically for the
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24 Windows version.
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25
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26 @menu
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27 * Input: MS-DOS Input. Keyboard and mouse usage on MS-DOS.
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28 * Display: MS-DOS Display. Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
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29 * Files: MS-DOS File Names. File name conventions on MS-DOS.
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30 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
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31 * Printing: MS-DOS Printing. How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
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32 * I18N: MS-DOS and MULE. Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
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33 * Processes: MS-DOS Processes. Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
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34 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
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35 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
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36 @end menu
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37
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38 @node MS-DOS Input
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39 @section Keyboard and Mouse on MS-DOS
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40
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41 @cindex Meta (under MS-DOS)
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42 @cindex Hyper (under MS-DOS)
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43 @cindex Super (under MS-DOS)
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44 @vindex dos-super-key
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45 @vindex dos-hyper-key
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46 The PC keyboard maps use the left @key{ALT} key as the @key{META} key.
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47 You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{HYPER} keys:
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48 choose either the right @key{CTRL} key or the right @key{ALT} key by
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49 setting the variables @code{dos-hyper-key} and @code{dos-super-key} to 1
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50 or 2 respectively. If neither @code{dos-super-key} nor
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51 @code{dos-hyper-key} is 1, then by default the right @key{ALT} key is
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52 also mapped to the @key{META} key. However, if the MS-DOS international
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53 keyboard support program @file{KEYB.COM} is installed, Emacs will
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54 @emph{not} map the right @key{ALT} to @key{META}, since it is used for
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55 accessing characters like @kbd{~} and @kbd{@@} on non-US keyboard
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56 layouts; in this case, you may only use the left @key{ALT} as @key{META}
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57 key.
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58
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59 @kindex C-j @r{(MS-DOS)}
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60 @vindex dos-keypad-mode
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61 The variable @code{dos-keypad-mode} is a flag variable that controls
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62 what key codes are returned by keys in the numeric keypad. You can also
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63 define the keypad @key{ENTER} key to act like @kbd{C-j}, by putting the
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64 following line into your @file{_emacs} file:
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65
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66 @smallexample
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67 ;; @r{Make the @key{ENTER} key from the numeric keypad act as @kbd{C-j}.}
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68 (define-key function-key-map [kp-enter] [?\C-j])
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69 @end smallexample
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70
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71 @kindex DEL @r{(MS-DOS)}
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72 @kindex BS @r{(MS-DOS)}
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73 The key that is called @key{DEL} in Emacs (because that's how it is
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74 designated on most workstations) is known as @key{BS} (backspace) on a
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75 PC. That is why the PC-specific terminal initialization remaps the
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76 @key{BS} key to act as @key{DEL}; the @key{DEL} key is remapped to act
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77 as @kbd{C-d} for the same reasons.
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78
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79 @kindex C-g @r{(MS-DOS)}
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80 @kindex C-BREAK @r{(MS-DOS)}
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81 @cindex quitting on MS-DOS
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82 Emacs built for MS-DOS recognizes @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} as a quit
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83 character, just like @kbd{C-g}. This is because Emacs cannot detect
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84 that you have typed @kbd{C-g} until it is ready for more input. As a
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85 consequence, you cannot use @kbd{C-g} to stop a running command
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86 (@pxref{Quitting}). By contrast, @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} @emph{is} detected
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87 as soon as you type it (as @kbd{C-g} is on other systems), so it can be
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88 used to stop a running command and for emergency escape
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89 (@pxref{Emergency Escape}).
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90
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91 @cindex mouse support under MS-DOS
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92 Emacs on MS-DOS supports a mouse (on the default terminal only).
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93 The mouse commands work as documented, including those that use menus
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94 and the menu bar (@pxref{Menu Bar}). Scroll bars don't work in
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95 MS-DOS Emacs. PC mice usually have only two buttons; these act as
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96 @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2}, but if you press both of them
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97 together, that has the effect of @kbd{Mouse-3}. If the mouse does have
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98 3 buttons, Emacs detects that at startup, and all the 3 buttons function
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99 normally, as on X.
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100
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101 Help strings for menu-bar and pop-up menus are displayed in the echo
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102 area when the mouse pointer moves across the menu items.
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103 Highlighting of mouse-sensitive text (@pxref{Mouse References}) is also
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104 supported.
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105
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106 @cindex mouse, set number of buttons
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107 @findex msdos-set-mouse-buttons
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108 Some versions of mouse drivers don't report the number of mouse
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109 buttons correctly. For example, mice with a wheel report that they
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110 have 3 buttons, but only 2 of them are passed to Emacs; the clicks on
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111 the wheel, which serves as the middle button, are not passed. In
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112 these cases, you can use the @kbd{M-x msdos-set-mouse-buttons} command
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113 to tell Emacs how many mouse buttons to expect. You could make such a
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114 setting permanent by adding this fragment to your @file{_emacs} init
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115 file:
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116
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117 @example
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118 ;; @r{Treat the mouse like a 2-button mouse.}
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119 (msdos-set-mouse-buttons 2)
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120 @end example
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121
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122 @cindex Windows clipboard support
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123 Emacs built for MS-DOS supports clipboard operations when it runs on
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124 Windows. Commands that put text on the kill ring, or yank text from the
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125 ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on the X
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126 Window System (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). Only the primary selection and
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127 the cut buffer are supported by MS-DOS Emacs on Windows; the secondary
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128 selection always appears as empty.
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129
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130 Due to the way clipboard access is implemented by Windows, the
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131 length of text you can put into the clipboard is limited by the amount
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132 of free DOS memory that is available to Emacs. Usually, up to 620KB of
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133 text can be put into the clipboard, but this limit depends on the system
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134 configuration and is lower if you run Emacs as a subprocess of
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135 another program. If the killed text does not fit, Emacs outputs a
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136 message saying so, and does not put the text into the clipboard.
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137
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138 Null characters also cannot be put into the Windows clipboard. If the
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139 killed text includes null characters, Emacs does not put such text into
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140 the clipboard, and displays in the echo area a message to that effect.
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141
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142 @vindex dos-display-scancodes
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143 The variable @code{dos-display-scancodes}, when non-@code{nil},
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144 directs Emacs to display the ASCII value and the keyboard scan code of
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145 each keystroke; this feature serves as a complement to the
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146 @code{view-lossage} command, for debugging.
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147
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148 @node MS-DOS Display
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149 @section Display on MS-DOS
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150 @cindex faces under MS-DOS
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151 @cindex fonts, emulating under MS-DOS
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152
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153 Display on MS-DOS cannot use font variants, like bold or italic,
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154 but it does support
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155 multiple faces, each of which can specify a foreground and a background
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156 color. Therefore, you can get the full functionality of Emacs packages
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157 that use fonts (such as @code{font-lock}, Enriched Text mode, and
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158 others) by defining the relevant faces to use different colors. Use the
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159 @code{list-colors-display} command (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) and the
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160 @code{list-faces-display} command (@pxref{Faces}) to see what colors and
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161 faces are available and what they look like.
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162
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163 @xref{MS-DOS and MULE}, later in this chapter, for information on
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164 how Emacs displays glyphs and characters that aren't supported by the
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165 native font built into the DOS display.
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166
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167 @cindex cursor shape on MS-DOS
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168 When Emacs starts, it changes the cursor shape to a solid box. This
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169 is for compatibility with other systems, where the box cursor is the
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170 default in Emacs. This default shape can be changed to a bar by
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171 specifying the @code{cursor-type} parameter in the variable
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172 @code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). The MS-DOS
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173 terminal doesn't support a vertical-bar cursor, so the bar cursor is
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174 horizontal, and the @code{@var{width}} parameter, if specified by the
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175 frame parameters, actually determines its height. As an extension,
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176 the bar cursor specification can include the starting scan line of the
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177 cursor as well as its width, like this:
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178
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179 @example
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180 '(cursor-type bar @var{width} . @var{start})
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181 @end example
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182
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183 @noindent
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184 In addition, if the @var{width} parameter is negative, the cursor bar
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185 begins at the top of the character cell.
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186
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187 @cindex frames on MS-DOS
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188 The MS-DOS terminal can only display a single frame at a time. The
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189 Emacs frame facilities work on MS-DOS much as they do on text-only
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190 terminals (@pxref{Frames}). When you run Emacs from a DOS window on
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191 MS-Windows, you can make the visible frame smaller than the full
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192 screen, but Emacs still cannot display more than a single frame at a
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193 time.
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194
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195 @cindex frame size under MS-DOS
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196 @findex mode4350
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197 @findex mode25
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198 The @code{mode4350} command switches the display to 43 or 50
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199 lines, depending on your hardware; the @code{mode25} command switches
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200 to the default 80x25 screen size.
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201
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202 By default, Emacs only knows how to set screen sizes of 80 columns by
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203 25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50 rows. However, if your video adapter has
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204 special video modes that will switch the display to other sizes, you can
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205 have Emacs support those too. When you ask Emacs to switch the frame to
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206 @var{n} rows by @var{m} columns dimensions, it checks if there is a
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207 variable called @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}}, and if so,
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208 uses its value (which must be an integer) as the video mode to switch
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209 to. (Emacs switches to that video mode by calling the BIOS @code{Set
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210 Video Mode} function with the value of
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211 @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} in the @code{AL} register.)
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212 For example, suppose your adapter will switch to 66x80 dimensions when
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213 put into video mode 85. Then you can make Emacs support this screen
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214 size by putting the following into your @file{_emacs} file:
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215
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216 @example
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217 (setq screen-dimensions-66x80 85)
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218 @end example
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219
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220 Since Emacs on MS-DOS can only set the frame size to specific
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221 supported dimensions, it cannot honor every possible frame resizing
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222 request. When an unsupported size is requested, Emacs chooses the next
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223 larger supported size beyond the specified size. For example, if you
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224 ask for 36x80 frame, you will get 40x80 instead.
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225
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226 The variables @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} are used only
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227 when they exactly match the specified size; the search for the next
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228 larger supported size ignores them. In the above example, even if your
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229 VGA supports 38x80 dimensions and you define a variable
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230 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80} with a suitable value, you will still get
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231 40x80 screen when you ask for a 36x80 frame. If you want to get the
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232 38x80 size in this case, you can do it by setting the variable named
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233 @code{screen-dimensions-36x80} with the same video mode value as
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234 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80}.
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235
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236 Changing frame dimensions on MS-DOS has the effect of changing all the
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237 other frames to the new dimensions.
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238
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239 @node MS-DOS File Names
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240 @section File Names on MS-DOS
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241 @cindex file names under MS-DOS
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242 @cindex init file, default name under MS-DOS
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243
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244 MS-DOS normally uses a backslash, @samp{\}, to separate name units
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245 within a file name, instead of the slash used on other systems. Emacs
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246 on MS-DOS permits use of either slash or backslash, and also knows
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247 about drive letters in file names.
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248
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249 On MS-DOS, file names are case-insensitive and limited to eight
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250 characters, plus optionally a period and three more characters. Emacs
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251 knows enough about these limitations to handle file names that were
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252 meant for other operating systems. For instance, leading dots @samp{.}
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253 in file names are invalid in MS-DOS, so Emacs transparently converts
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254 them to underscores @samp{_}; thus your default init file (@pxref{Init
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255 File}) is called @file{_emacs} on MS-DOS. Excess characters before or
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256 after the period are generally ignored by MS-DOS itself; thus, if you
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257 visit the file @file{LongFileName.EvenLongerExtension}, you will
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258 silently get @file{longfile.eve}, but Emacs will still display the long
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259 file name on the mode line. Other than that, it's up to you to specify
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260 file names which are valid under MS-DOS; the transparent conversion as
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261 described above only works on file names built into Emacs.
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262
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263 @cindex backup file names on MS-DOS
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264 The above restrictions on the file names on MS-DOS make it almost
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265 impossible to construct the name of a backup file (@pxref{Backup
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266 Names}) without losing some of the original file name characters. For
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267 example, the name of a backup file for @file{docs.txt} is
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268 @file{docs.tx~} even if single backup is used.
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269
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270 @cindex file names under Windows 95/NT
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271 @cindex long file names in DOS box under Windows 95/NT
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272 If you run Emacs as a DOS application under Windows 9X, Windows ME, or
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273 Windows 2000, you can turn on support for long file names. If you do
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274 that, Emacs doesn't truncate file names or convert them to lower case;
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275 instead, it uses the file names that you specify, verbatim. To enable
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276 long file name support, set the environment variable @env{LFN} to
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277 @samp{y} before starting Emacs. Unfortunately, Windows NT doesn't allow
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278 DOS programs to access long file names, so Emacs built for MS-DOS will
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279 only see their short 8+3 aliases.
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280
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281 @cindex @env{HOME} directory under MS-DOS
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282 MS-DOS has no notion of home directory, so Emacs on MS-DOS pretends
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283 that the directory where it is installed is the value of @env{HOME}
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284 environment variable. That is, if your Emacs binary,
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285 @file{emacs.exe}, is in the directory @file{c:/utils/emacs/bin}, then
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286 Emacs acts as if @env{HOME} were set to @samp{c:/utils/emacs}. In
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287 particular, that is where Emacs looks for the init file @file{_emacs}.
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288 With this in mind, you can use @samp{~} in file names as an alias for
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289 the home directory, as you would on GNU or Unix. You can also set
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290 @env{HOME} variable in the environment before starting Emacs; its
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291 value will then override the above default behavior.
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292
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293 Emacs on MS-DOS handles the directory name @file{/dev} specially,
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294 because of a feature in the emulator libraries of DJGPP that pretends
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295 I/O devices have names in that directory. We recommend that you avoid
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296 using an actual directory named @file{/dev} on any disk.
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297
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298 @node Text and Binary
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299 @section Text Files and Binary Files
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300 @cindex text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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301
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302 GNU Emacs uses newline characters to separate text lines. This is the
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303 convention used on GNU and Unix.
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304
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305 @cindex end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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306 MS-DOS and MS-Windows normally use carriage-return linefeed, a
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307 two-character sequence, to separate text lines. (Linefeed is the same
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308 character as newline.) Therefore, convenient editing of typical files
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309 with Emacs requires conversion of these end-of-line (EOL) sequences.
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310 And that is what Emacs normally does: it converts carriage-return
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311 linefeed into newline when reading files, and converts newline into
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312 carriage-return linefeed when writing files. The same mechanism that
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313 handles conversion of international character codes does this conversion
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314 also (@pxref{Coding Systems}).
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315
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316 @cindex cursor location, on MS-DOS
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317 @cindex point location, on MS-DOS
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318 One consequence of this special format-conversion of most files is
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319 that character positions as reported by Emacs (@pxref{Position Info}) do
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320 not agree with the file size information known to the operating system.
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321
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322 In addition, if Emacs recognizes from a file's contents that it uses
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323 newline rather than carriage-return linefeed as its line separator, it
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324 does not perform EOL conversion when reading or writing that file.
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325 Thus, you can read and edit files from GNU and Unix systems on MS-DOS
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326 with no special effort, and they will retain their Unix-style
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327 end-of-line convention after you edit them.
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328
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329 The mode line indicates whether end-of-line translation was used for
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330 the current buffer. If MS-DOS end-of-line translation is in use for the
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331 buffer, a backslash @samp{\} is displayed after the coding system
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332 mnemonic near the beginning of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}). If no
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333 EOL translation was performed, the string @samp{(Unix)} is displayed
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334 instead of the backslash, to alert you that the file's EOL format is not
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335 the usual carriage-return linefeed.
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336
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337 @cindex DOS-to-Unix conversion of files
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338 To visit a file and specify whether it uses DOS-style or Unix-style
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339 end-of-line, specify a coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}). For
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340 example, @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c unix @key{RET} C-x C-f foobar.txt}
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341 visits the file @file{foobar.txt} without converting the EOLs; if some
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342 line ends with a carriage-return linefeed pair, Emacs will display
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343 @samp{^M} at the end of that line. Similarly, you can direct Emacs to
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344 save a buffer in a specified EOL format with the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f}
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345 command. For example, to save a buffer with Unix EOL format, type
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346 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f unix @key{RET} C-x C-s}. If you visit a file
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347 with DOS EOL conversion, then save it with Unix EOL format, that
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348 effectively converts the file to Unix EOL style, like @code{dos2unix}.
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349
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350 @cindex untranslated file system
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351 @findex add-untranslated-filesystem
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352 When you use NFS or Samba to access file systems that reside on
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353 computers using GNU or Unix systems, Emacs should not perform
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354 end-of-line translation on any files in these file systems--not even
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355 when you create a new file. To request this, designate these file
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356 systems as @dfn{untranslated} file systems by calling the function
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357 @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. It takes one argument: the file
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358 system name, including a drive letter and optionally a directory. For
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359 example,
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360
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361 @example
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362 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:")
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363 @end example
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364
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365 @noindent
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366 designates drive Z as an untranslated file system, and
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367
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368 @example
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369 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:\\foo")
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370 @end example
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371
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372 @noindent
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373 designates directory @file{\foo} on drive Z as an untranslated file
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374 system.
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375
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376 Most often you would use @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} in your
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377 @file{_emacs} file, or in @file{site-start.el} so that all the users at
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378 your site get the benefit of it.
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379
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380 @findex remove-untranslated-filesystem
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381 To countermand the effect of @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}, use
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382 the function @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. This function takes
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383 one argument, which should be a string just like the one that was used
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384 previously with @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}.
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385
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386 Designating a file system as untranslated does not affect character
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387 set conversion, only end-of-line conversion. Essentially, it directs
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388 Emacs to create new files with the Unix-style convention of using
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389 newline at the end of a line. @xref{Coding Systems}.
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390
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391 @vindex file-name-buffer-file-type-alist
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392 @cindex binary files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
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393 Some kinds of files should not be converted at all, because their
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394 contents are not really text. Therefore, Emacs on MS-DOS distinguishes
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395 certain files as @dfn{binary files}. (This distinction is not part of
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396 MS-DOS; it is made by Emacs only.) Binary files include executable
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397 programs, compressed archives, etc. Emacs uses the file name to decide
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398 whether to treat a file as binary: the variable
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399 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} defines the file-name patterns
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400 that indicate binary files. If a file name matches one of the patterns
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401 for binary files (those whose associations are of the type
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402 @code{(@var{pattern} . t)}, Emacs reads and writes that file using the
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403 @code{no-conversion} coding system (@pxref{Coding Systems}) which turns
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404 off @emph{all} coding-system conversions, not only the EOL conversion.
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405 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} also includes file-name patterns
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406 for files which are known to be DOS-style text files with
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407 carriage-return linefeed EOL format, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}; Emacs
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408 always writes those files with DOS-style EOLs.
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409
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410 If a file which belongs to an untranslated file system matches one of
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411 the file-name patterns in @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}, the
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412 EOL conversion is determined by @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}.
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413
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414 @node MS-DOS Printing
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415 @section Printing and MS-DOS
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416
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417 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Hardcopy}) and
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418 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}) can work in MS-DOS and
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419 MS-Windows by sending the output to one of the printer ports, if a
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420 Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable. The same Emacs
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421 variables control printing on all systems (@pxref{Hardcopy}), but in
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422 some cases they have different default values on MS-DOS and
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423 MS-Windows.
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424
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425 @vindex printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
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426 If you want to use your local printer, printing on it in the usual DOS
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427 manner, then set the Lisp variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{""} (its
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428 default value) and @code{printer-name} to the name of the printer
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429 port---for example, @code{"PRN"}, the usual local printer port (that's
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430 the default), or @code{"LPT2"}, or @code{"COM1"} for a serial printer.
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431 You can also set @code{printer-name} to a file name, in which case
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432 ``printed'' output is actually appended to that file. If you set
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433 @code{printer-name} to @code{"NUL"}, printed output is silently
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434 discarded (sent to the system null device).
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435
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436 On MS-Windows, when the Windows network software is installed, you can
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437 also use a printer shared by another machine by setting
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parents: 24095
diff changeset
438 @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name for that printer--for example,
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
439 @code{"//joes_pc/hp4si"}. (It doesn't matter whether you use forward
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
440 slashes or backslashes here.) To find out the names of shared printers,
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
441 run the command @samp{net view} at a DOS command prompt to obtain a list
24731
d305965638f7 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24723
diff changeset
442 of servers, and @samp{net view @var{server-name}} to see the names of printers
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
443 (and directories) shared by that server. Alternatively, click the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
444 @samp{Network Neighborhood} icon on your desktop, and look for machines
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
445 which share their printers via the network.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
446
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
447 @cindex @samp{net use}, and printing on MS-Windows
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
448 @cindex networked printers (MS-Windows)
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
449 If the printer doesn't appear in the output of @samp{net view}, or
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
450 if setting @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name doesn't produce a
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
451 hardcopy on that printer, you can use the @samp{net use} command to
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
452 connect a local print port such as @code{"LPT2"} to the networked
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
453 printer. For example, typing @kbd{net use LPT2:
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
454 \\joes_pc\hp4si}@footnote{
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
455 Note that the @samp{net use} command requires the UNC share name to be
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
456 typed with the Windows-style backslashes, while the value of
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
457 @code{printer-name} can be set with either forward- or backslashes.}
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
458 causes Windows to @dfn{capture} the LPT2 port and redirect the printed
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
459 material to the printer connected to the machine @code{joes_pc}.
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
460 After this command, setting @code{printer-name} to @code{"LPT2"}
37081
71fe12822bf3 Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36978
diff changeset
461 should produce the hardcopy on the networked printer.
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
462
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
463 With some varieties of Windows network software, you can instruct
38788
0f05936702f1 Minor cleanup.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38052
diff changeset
464 Windows to capture a specific printer port such as @code{"LPT2"}, and
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
465 redirect it to a networked printer via the @w{@code{Control
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
466 Panel->Printers}} applet instead of @samp{net use}.
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
467
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
468 Some printers expect DOS codepage encoding of non-ASCII text, even
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
469 though they are connected to a Windows machine which uses a different
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
470 encoding for the same locale. For example, in the Latin-1 locale, DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
471 uses codepage 850 whereas Windows uses codepage 1252. @xref{MS-DOS and
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
472 MULE}. When you print to such printers from Windows, you can use the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
473 @kbd{C-x RET c} (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) command before
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
474 @kbd{M-x lpr-buffer}; Emacs will then convert the text to the DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
475 codepage that you specify. For example, @kbd{C-x RET c cp850-dos RET
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
476 M-x lpr-region RET} will print the region while converting it to the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
477 codepage 850 encoding. You may need to create the @code{cp@var{nnn}}
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
478 coding system with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}.
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
479
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
480 If you set @code{printer-name} to a file name, it's best to use an
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481 absolute file name. Emacs changes the working directory according to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 the default directory of the current buffer, so if the file name in
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
483 @code{printer-name} is relative, you will end up with several such
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
484 files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
485 was done.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 @findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 @findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 @vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
490 The commands @code{print-buffer} and @code{print-region} call the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 @code{pr} program, or use special switches to the @code{lpr} program, to
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
492 produce headers on each printed page. MS-DOS and MS-Windows don't
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
493 normally have these programs, so by default, the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
494 @code{lpr-headers-switches} is set so that the requests to print page
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
495 headers are silently ignored. Thus, @code{print-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
496 @code{print-region} produce the same output as @code{lpr-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
497 @code{lpr-region}, respectively. If you do have a suitable @code{pr}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
498 program (for example, from GNU Textutils), set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
499 @code{lpr-headers-switches} to @code{nil}; Emacs will then call
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 @code{pr} to produce the page headers, and print the resulting output as
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
501 specified by @code{printer-name}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 @vindex print-region-function @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 @cindex lpr usage under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 @vindex lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 @vindex lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
507 Finally, if you do have an @code{lpr} work-alike, you can set the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
508 variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{"lpr"}. Then Emacs will use
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
509 @code{lpr} for printing, as on other systems. (If the name of the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
510 program isn't @code{lpr}, set @code{lpr-command} to specify where to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
511 find it.) The variable @code{lpr-switches} has its standard meaning
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
512 when @code{lpr-command} is not @code{""}. If the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
513 @code{printer-name} has a string value, it is used as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
514 @code{-P} option to @code{lpr}, as on Unix.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 @findex ps-print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 @findex ps-spool-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
518 @vindex ps-printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519 @vindex ps-lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 @vindex ps-lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
521 A parallel set of variables, @code{ps-lpr-command},
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
522 @code{ps-lpr-switches}, and @code{ps-printer-name} (@pxref{PostScript
24564
099921772183 Minor change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24113
diff changeset
523 Variables}), defines how PostScript files should be printed. These
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
524 variables are used in the same way as the corresponding variables
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
525 described above for non-PostScript printing. Thus, the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
526 @code{ps-printer-name} is used as the name of the device (or file) to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
527 which PostScript output is sent, just as @code{printer-name} is used for
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
528 non-PostScript printing. (There are two distinct sets of variables in
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
529 case you have two printers attached to two different ports, and only one
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
530 of them is a PostScript printer.)
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
531
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
532 The default value of the variable @code{ps-lpr-command} is @code{""},
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
533 which causes PostScript output to be sent to the printer port specified
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
534 by @code{ps-printer-name}, but @code{ps-lpr-command} can also be set to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
535 the name of a program which will accept PostScript files. Thus, if you
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
536 have a non-PostScript printer, you can set this variable to the name of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
537 a PostScript interpreter program (such as Ghostscript). Any switches
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
538 that need to be passed to the interpreter program are specified using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
539 @code{ps-lpr-switches}. (If the value of @code{ps-printer-name} is a
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
540 string, it will be added to the list of switches as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
541 @code{-P} option. This is probably only useful if you are using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
542 @code{lpr}, so when using an interpreter typically you would set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
543 @code{ps-printer-name} to something other than a string so it is
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
544 ignored.)
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 For example, to use Ghostscript for printing on an Epson printer
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
547 connected to the @samp{LPT2} port, put this in your @file{_emacs} file:
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 @example
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
550 (setq ps-printer-name t) ; Ghostscript doesn't understand -P
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551 (setq ps-lpr-command "c:/gs/gs386")
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 (setq ps-lpr-switches '("-q" "-dNOPAUSE"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 "-sDEVICE=epson"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 "-r240x72"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 "-sOutputFile=LPT2"
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
556 "-Ic:/gs"))
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 @end example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 @noindent
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 (This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the @file{"c:/gs"}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 directory.)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
563 @vindex dos-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
564 @vindex dos-ps-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
565 For backwards compatibility, the value of @code{dos-printer}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
566 (@code{dos-ps-printer}), if it has a value, overrides the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
567 @code{printer-name} (@code{ps-printer-name}), on MS-DOS and MS-Windows
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
568 only.
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
569
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
570
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571 @node MS-DOS and MULE
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parents:
diff changeset
572 @section International Support on MS-DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
573 @cindex international support @r{(MS-DOS)}
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parents:
diff changeset
574
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parents:
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575 Emacs on MS-DOS supports the same international character sets as it
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62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
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parents: 38788
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576 does on GNU, Unix and other platforms (@pxref{International}), including
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parents:
diff changeset
577 coding systems for converting between the different character sets.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
578 However, due to incompatibilities between MS-DOS/MS-Windows and other systems,
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
579 there are several DOS-specific aspects of this support that you should
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580 be aware of. This section describes these aspects.
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parents:
diff changeset
581
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diff changeset
582 @table @kbd
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parents:
diff changeset
583 @item M-x dos-codepage-setup
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parents:
diff changeset
584 Set up Emacs display and coding systems as appropriate for the current
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parents:
diff changeset
585 DOS codepage.
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parents:
diff changeset
586
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parents:
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587 @item M-x codepage-setup
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parents:
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588 Create a coding system for a certain DOS codepage.
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parents:
diff changeset
589 @end table
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590
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parents:
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591 @cindex codepage, MS-DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
592 @cindex DOS codepages
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parents:
diff changeset
593 MS-DOS is designed to support one character set of 256 characters at
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parents:
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594 any given time, but gives you a variety of character sets to choose
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parents:
diff changeset
595 from. The alternative character sets are known as @dfn{DOS codepages}.
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parents:
diff changeset
596 Each codepage includes all 128 ASCII characters, but the other 128
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parents:
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597 characters (codes 128 through 255) vary from one codepage to another.
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parents:
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598 Each DOS codepage is identified by a 3-digit number, such as 850, 862,
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parents:
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599 etc.
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600
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94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
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parents: 34293
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601 In contrast to X, which lets you use several fonts at the same time,
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parents: 37244
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602 MS-DOS normally doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
603 session. MS-DOS was designed to load a single codepage at system
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
604 startup, and require you to reboot in order to change
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
605 it@footnote{Normally, one particular codepage is burnt into the display
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
606 memory, while other codepages can be installed by modifying system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
607 configuration files, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}, and rebooting. While
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
608 third-party software is known to exist that allows to change the
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
609 codepage without rebooting, we describe here how a stock MS-DOS system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
610 behaves.}. Much the same limitation applies when you run DOS
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parents:
diff changeset
611 executables on other systems such as MS-Windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
612
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 @cindex unibyte operation @r{(MS-DOS)}
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parents:
diff changeset
614 If you invoke Emacs on MS-DOS with the @samp{--unibyte} option
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 (@pxref{Initial Options}), Emacs does not perform any conversion of
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 non-ASCII characters. Instead, it reads and writes any non-ASCII
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parents:
diff changeset
617 characters verbatim, and sends their 8-bit codes to the display
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parents:
diff changeset
618 verbatim. Thus, unibyte Emacs on MS-DOS supports the current codepage,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 whatever it may be, but cannot even represent any other characters.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 @vindex dos-codepage
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 For multibyte operation on MS-DOS, Emacs needs to know which
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 characters the chosen DOS codepage can display. So it queries the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 system shortly after startup to get the chosen codepage number, and
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 stores the number in the variable @code{dos-codepage}. Some systems
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 return the default value 437 for the current codepage, even though the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 actual codepage is different. (This typically happens when you use the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 codepage built into the display hardware.) You can specify a different
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 codepage for Emacs to use by setting the variable @code{dos-codepage} in
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 your init file.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 @cindex language environment, automatic selection on @r{MS-DOS}
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
633 Multibyte Emacs supports only certain DOS codepages: those which can
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
634 display Far-Eastern scripts, like the Japanese codepage 932, and those
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
635 that encode a single ISO 8859 character set.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
636
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
637 The Far-Eastern codepages can directly display one of the MULE
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
638 character sets for these countries, so Emacs simply sets up to use the
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
639 appropriate terminal coding system that is supported by the codepage.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
640 The special features described in the rest of this section mostly
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
641 pertain to codepages that encode ISO 8859 character sets.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
642
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
643 For the codepages which correspond to one of the ISO character sets,
24615
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
644 Emacs knows the character set name based on the codepage number. Emacs
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
645 automatically creates a coding system to support reading and writing
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
646 files that use the current codepage, and uses this coding system by
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
647 default. The name of this coding system is @code{cp@var{nnn}}, where
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
648 @var{nnn} is the codepage number.@footnote{The standard Emacs coding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
649 systems for ISO 8859 are not quite right for the purpose, because
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
650 typically the DOS codepage does not match the standard ISO character
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
651 codes. For example, the letter @samp{@,{c}} (@samp{c} with cedilla) has
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
652 code 231 in the standard Latin-1 character set, but the corresponding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
653 DOS codepage 850 uses code 135 for this glyph.}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 @cindex mode line @r{(MS-DOS)}
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 All the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding systems use the letter @samp{D} (for
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 ``DOS'') as their mode-line mnemonic. Since both the terminal coding
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 system and the default coding system for file I/O are set to the proper
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding system at startup, it is normal for the mode
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 line on MS-DOS to begin with @samp{-DD\-}. @xref{Mode Line}.
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
661 Far-Eastern DOS terminals do not use the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
662 systems, and thus their initial mode line looks like the Emacs default.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 Since the codepage number also indicates which script you are using,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 Emacs automatically runs @code{set-language-environment} to select the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 language environment for that script (@pxref{Language Environments}).
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 If a buffer contains a character belonging to some other ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 character set, not the one that the chosen DOS codepage supports, Emacs
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 displays it using a sequence of ASCII characters. For example, if the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 current codepage doesn't have a glyph for the letter @samp{@`o} (small
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 @samp{o} with a grave accent), it is displayed as @samp{@{`o@}}, where
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 the braces serve as a visual indication that this is a single character.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 (This may look awkward for some non-Latin characters, such as those from
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 Greek or Hebrew alphabets, but it is still readable by a person who
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 knows the language.) Even though the character may occupy several
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 columns on the screen, it is really still just a single character, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 all Emacs commands treat it as one.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679
37244
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
680 @cindex IBM graphics characters (MS-DOS)
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
681 @cindex box-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
682 @cindex line-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 Not all characters in DOS codepages correspond to ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 characters---some are used for other purposes, such as box-drawing
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
685 characters and other graphics. Emacs maps these characters to two
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
686 special character sets called @code{eight-bit-control} and
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
687 @code{eight-bit-graphic}, and displays them as their IBM glyphs.
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
688 However, you should be aware that other systems might display these
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
689 characters differently, so you should avoid them in text that might be
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
690 copied to a different operating system, or even to another DOS machine
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
691 that uses a different codepage.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
692
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
693 @vindex dos-unsupported-character-glyph
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 Emacs supports many other characters sets aside from ISO 8859, but it
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 cannot display them on MS-DOS. So if one of these multibyte characters
24113
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
696 appears in a buffer, Emacs on MS-DOS displays them as specified by the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
697 @code{dos-unsupported-character-glyph} variable; by default, this glyph
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
698 is an empty triangle. Use the @kbd{C-u C-x =} command to display the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
699 actual code and character set of such characters. @xref{Position Info}.
24095
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parents:
diff changeset
700
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 @findex codepage-setup
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parents:
diff changeset
702 By default, Emacs defines a coding system to support the current
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 codepage. To define a coding system for some other codepage (e.g., to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 visit a file written on a DOS machine in another country), use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 @kbd{M-x codepage-setup} command. It prompts for the 3-digit code of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 the codepage, with completion, then creates the coding system for the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 specified codepage. You can then use the new coding system to read and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 write files, but you must specify it explicitly for the file command
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 when you want to use it (@pxref{Specify Coding}).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 These coding systems are also useful for visiting a file encoded using
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 a DOS codepage, using Emacs running on some other operating system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
714 @cindex MS-Windows codepages
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
715 MS-Windows provides its own codepages, which are different from the
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
716 DOS codepages for the same locale. For example, DOS codepage 850
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
717 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1252; DOS codepage
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
718 855 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1251, etc.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
719 The MS-Windows version of Emacs uses the current codepage for display
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
720 when invoked with the @samp{-nw} option.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
721
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 @node MS-DOS Processes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 @section Subprocesses on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 @cindex compilation under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 @cindex inferior processes under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 @findex compile @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 @findex grep @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 Because MS-DOS is a single-process ``operating system,''
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 asynchronous subprocesses are not available. In particular, Shell
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 mode and its variants do not work. Most Emacs features that use
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 asynchronous subprocesses also don't work on MS-DOS, including
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
733 Shell mode and GUD. When in doubt, try and see; commands that
38869
8be184904f6c Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
734 don't work output an error message saying that asynchronous processes
24095
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 aren't supported.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 Compilation under Emacs with @kbd{M-x compile}, searching files with
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 @kbd{M-x grep} and displaying differences between files with @kbd{M-x
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 diff} do work, by running the inferior processes synchronously. This
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 means you cannot do any more editing until the inferior process
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 finishes.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
743 Spell checking also works, by means of special support for synchronous
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
744 invocation of the @code{ispell} program. This is slower than the
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
745 asynchronous invocation on other platforms
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
746
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
747 Instead of the Shell mode, which doesn't work on MS-DOS, you can use
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
748 the @kbd{M-x eshell} command. This invokes the Eshell package that
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
749 implements a Posix-like shell entirely in Emacs Lisp.
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
750
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 By contrast, Emacs compiled as native Windows application
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 @strong{does} support asynchronous subprocesses. @xref{Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 Processes}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 @cindex printing under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Hardcopy}) and
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
757 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}), work in MS-DOS by sending
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 the output to one of the printer ports. @xref{MS-DOS Printing}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 When you run a subprocess synchronously on MS-DOS, make sure the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 program terminates and does not try to read keyboard input. If the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 program does not terminate on its own, you will be unable to terminate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 it, because MS-DOS provides no general way to terminate a process.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 Pressing @kbd{C-c} or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} might sometimes help in these
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 cases.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 Accessing files on other machines is not supported on MS-DOS. Other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 network-oriented commands such as sending mail, Web browsing, remote
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 login, etc., don't work either, unless network access is built into
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 MS-DOS with some network redirector.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 @cindex directory listing on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @vindex dired-listing-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 Dired on MS-DOS uses the @code{ls-lisp} package where other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 platforms use the system @code{ls} command. Therefore, Dired on
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 MS-DOS supports only some of the possible options you can mention in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 the @code{dired-listing-switches} variable. The options that work are
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 @samp{-A}, @samp{-a}, @samp{-c}, @samp{-i}, @samp{-r}, @samp{-S},
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @samp{-s}, @samp{-t}, and @samp{-u}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 @node Windows Processes
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
782 @section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application (as opposed to the DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 version) includes full support for asynchronous subprocesses.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 In the Windows version, synchronous and asynchronous subprocesses work
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 fine on both
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
788 Windows 9X and Windows NT/2K as long as you run only 32-bit Windows
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 applications. However, when you run a DOS application in a subprocess,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 you may encounter problems or be unable to run the application at all;
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 and if you run two DOS applications at the same time in two
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 subprocesses, you may have to reboot your system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 Since the standard command interpreter (and most command line utilities)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 on Windows 95 are DOS applications, these problems are significant when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 using that system. But there's nothing we can do about them; only
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 Microsoft can fix them.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 If you run just one DOS application subprocess, the subprocess should
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 work as expected as long as it is ``well-behaved'' and does not perform
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 direct screen access or other unusual actions. If you have a CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 monitor application, your machine will appear to be 100% busy even when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 the DOS application is idle, but this is only an artifact of the way CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 monitors measure processor load.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 You must terminate the DOS application before you start any other DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 application in a different subprocess. Emacs is unable to interrupt or
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 terminate a DOS subprocess. The only way you can terminate such a
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 subprocess is by giving it a command that tells its program to exit.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 If you attempt to run two DOS applications at the same time in separate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 subprocesses, the second one that is started will be suspended until the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 first one finishes, even if either or both of them are asynchronous.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 If you can go to the first subprocess, and tell it to exit, the second
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 subprocess should continue normally. However, if the second subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 is synchronous, Emacs itself will be hung until the first subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 finishes. If it will not finish without user input, then you have no
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
819 choice but to reboot if you are running on Windows 9X. If you are
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
820 running on Windows NT/2K, you can use a process viewer application to kill
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 the appropriate instance of ntvdm instead (this will terminate both DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 subprocesses).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
824 If you have to reboot Windows 9X in this situation, do not use the
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @code{Shutdown} command on the @code{Start} menu; that usually hangs the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 system. Instead, type @kbd{CTL-ALT-@key{DEL}} and then choose
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 @code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 to do its job.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @node Windows System Menu
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 @section Using the System Menu on Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 Windows feature that tapping the @key{ALT}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 key invokes the Windows menu. The reason is that the @key{ALT} also
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 serves as @key{META} in Emacs. When using Emacs, users often press the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @key{META} key temporarily and then change their minds; if this has the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 effect of bringing up the Windows menu, it alters the meaning of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 subsequent commands. Many users find this frustrating.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 @vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 You can reenable Windows's default handling of tapping the @key{ALT} key
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil} value.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844