annotate man/emacs.texi @ 53922:6a3ed3adac17

(lisp-mode-variables): Adapt outline-regexp to the new conventions for commenting out code.
author Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
date Thu, 12 Feb 2004 01:50:46 +0000
parents 556706c23b97
children e284782704b8
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1 \input texinfo
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2
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3 @setfilename ../info/emacs
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs Manual
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5
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6 @c The edition number appears in several places in this file
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7 @set EDITION Fourteenth
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8 @set EMACSVER 21.3.50
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9
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10 @copying
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11 This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},
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12 updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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13
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14 Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
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15 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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16
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17 @quotation
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18 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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19 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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20 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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21 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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22 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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23 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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24 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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25 License.''
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26
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27 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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28 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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29 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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30 @end quotation
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31 @end copying
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32
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33 @dircategory Emacs
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34 @direntry
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35 * Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
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36 @end direntry
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37
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38 @c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
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39 @c copy of this manual that will be published. the manual should go
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40 @c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size.
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41
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42 @c @smallbook
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43
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44 @setchapternewpage odd
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45 @defcodeindex op
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46 @synindex pg cp
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47
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48 @iftex
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49 @kbdinputstyle code
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50
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51 @shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual
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52 @end iftex
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53
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54 @titlepage
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55 @sp 6
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56 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual}
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57 @sp 4
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58 @center @value{EDITION} Edition, Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}.
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59 @sp 5
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60 @center Richard Stallman
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61 @page
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62 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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63 @insertcopying
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64
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65 @sp 2
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66 ISBN 1-882114-06-X @*
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67 Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
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68 59 Temple Place, Suite 330 @*
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69 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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70
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71 @sp 2
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72 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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73
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74 @end titlepage
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75 @page
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76 @ifnottex
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77 @node Top, Distrib, (dir), (dir)
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78 @top The Emacs Editor
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79
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80 Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
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81 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
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82 some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
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83 @value{EMACSVER}.
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84
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85 @ifinfo
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86 If you never before used the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h},
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87 and Emacs will take you to a programmed instruction sequence for the
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88 Info commands.
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89 @end ifinfo
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90
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91 For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
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92 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
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93 @end ifnottex
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94
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95 @ignore
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96 These subcategories have been deleted for simplicity
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97 and to avoid conflicts.
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98 Completion
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99 Backup Files
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100 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
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101 Snapshots
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102 Text Mode
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103 Outline Mode
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104 @TeX{} Mode
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105 Formatted Text
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106 Fortran Mode
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107 Fortran Indentation
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108 Shell Command History
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109
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110 The ones for Dired and Rmail have had the items turned into :: items
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111 to avoid conflicts.
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112 Also Running Shell Commands from Emacs
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113 and Sending Mail and Registers and Minibuffer.
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114 @end ignore
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115
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116 @menu
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117 * Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
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118 * Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
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119 to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
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120 it also explains that there is no warranty.
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121 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
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122 * Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
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123 * Glossary:: The glossary.
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124 * Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 20.
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125 * Mac OS:: Using Emacs in the Mac.
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126 * MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as "MS-DOG").
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127 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
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128 * Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
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129
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130 Indexes (nodes containing large menus)
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131 * Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
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132 * Command Index:: An item for each command name.
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133 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
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134 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
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135 @c This is last because @ifnottex leaves an empty line.
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136 @ifnottex
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137 * Option Index:: An item for every command-line option.
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138 @end ifnottex
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139
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140 Important General Concepts
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141 * Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
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142 * User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
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143 function keys).
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144 * Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one
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145 editing action.
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146 * Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
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147 * Text Characters:: Character set for text (the contents of buffers
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148 and strings).
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149 * Entering Emacs:: Starting Emacs from the shell.
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150 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs.
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151 * Command Arguments:: Hairy startup options.
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152
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153 Fundamental Editing Commands
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154 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
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155 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
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156 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
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157 * Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.
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158
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159 Important Text-Changing Commands
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160 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
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161 * Killing:: Killing text.
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162 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text.
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163 * Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text.
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164 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
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165 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
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166 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
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167 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
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168 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
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169 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of
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170 keystrokes to be replayed with a single command.
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171
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172 Major Structures of Emacs
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173 * Files:: All about handling files.
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174 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
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175 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
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176 * Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
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177 * International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets (the MULE features).
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178
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179 Advanced Features
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180 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
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181 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
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182 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
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183 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
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184 * Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
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185 * Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs.
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186 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
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187 the number of characters you must type.
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188 * Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters
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189 using the quarter-plane screen model.
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190 * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs.
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191 * Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs.
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192 * Dired:: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
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193 * Calendar/Diary:: The calendar and diary facilities.
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194 * Gnus:: How to read netnews with Emacs.
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195 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
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196 * Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server for @code{mail}, etc.
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197 * Hardcopy:: Printing buffers or regions.
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198 * PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
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199 * PostScript Variables::
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200 Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
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201 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
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202 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
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203 of the buffer.
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204 * Two-Column:: Splitting apart columns to edit them
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205 in side-by-side windows.
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206 * Editing Binary Files::
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207 Using Hexl mode to edit binary files.
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208 * Saving Emacs Sessions::
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209 Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
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210 * Recursive Edit:: A command can allow you to do editing
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211 "within the command". This is called a
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212 "recursive editing level".
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213 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
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214 * Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers.
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215 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
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216 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
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217 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
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218 * X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs.
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219
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220 Recovery from Problems
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221 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
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222 * Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
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223 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
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224 * Contributing:: How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
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225 * Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs.
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226
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227 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
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228 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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229
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230 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
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231
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232 The Organization of the Screen
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233
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234 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
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235 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
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236 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
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237 * Menu Bar:: How to use the menu bar.
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238
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239 Basic Editing Commands
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240
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241 * Inserting Text:: Inserting text by simply typing it.
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242 * Moving Point:: How to move the cursor to the place where you want to
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243 change something.
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244 * Erasing:: Deleting and killing text.
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245 * Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text.
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246 * Files: Basic Files. Visiting, creating, and saving files.
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247 * Help: Basic Help. Asking what a character does.
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248 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
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249 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the screen.
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250 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
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251 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
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252
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253 The Minibuffer
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254
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255 * Minibuffer File:: Entering file names with the minibuffer.
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256 * Minibuffer Edit:: How to edit in the minibuffer.
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257 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
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258 * Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
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259 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
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260
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261 Help
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262
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263 * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands.
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264 * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs.
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265 * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name.
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266 * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic.
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267 * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
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268 * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support.
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269 * Misc Help:: Other help commands.
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270
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271 The Mark and the Region
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272
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273 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
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274 * Transient Mark:: How to make Emacs highlight the region--
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275 when there is one.
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276 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
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277 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
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278 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
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279 * Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers.
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280
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281 Deletion and Killing
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282
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283 * Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
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284 blank areas.
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285 * Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
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286 * Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and
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287 syntactic units such as words and sentences.
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288
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289 Yanking
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290
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291 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
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292 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
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293 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
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294
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295 Registers
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296
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297 * RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
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298 * RegText:: Saving text in registers.
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299 * RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
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300 * RegConfig:: Saving window configurations in registers.
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301 * RegFiles:: File names in registers.
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302 * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
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303
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304 Controlling the Display
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305
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306 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
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307 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
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308 * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
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309 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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310 * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
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311 * Text Display:: How text is normally displayed.
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312 * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display.
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313
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314 Searching and Replacement
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315
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316 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
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317 * Nonincremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
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318 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
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319 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
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320 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
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321 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
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322 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
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323 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
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324
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325 Replacement Commands
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326
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327 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
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328 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
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329 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
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330 * Query Replace:: How to use querying.
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331
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332 Commands for Fixing Typos
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333
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334 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
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335 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
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336 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
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337 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer.
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338
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339 Keyboard Macros
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340
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341 * Basic Keyboard Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
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342 * Keyboard Macro Ring:: Where previous keyboard macros are saved.
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343 * Keyboard Macro Counter:: Inserting incrementing numbers in macros.
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344 * Keyboard Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each time.
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345 * Save Keyboard Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
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346 * Edit Keyboard Macro:: Editing keyboard macros.
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347 * Keyboard Macro Step-Edit:: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard macro.
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348
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349 File Handling
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350
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351 * File Names:: How to type and edit file-name arguments.
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352 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
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353 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
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354 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
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355 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
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356 * File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file.
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357 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS).
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358 * Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
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359 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
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360 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
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361 * Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files.
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362 * Remote Files:: Accessing files on other sites.
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363 * Quoted File Names:: Quoting special characters in file names.
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364
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365 Saving Files
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366
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367 * Backup:: How Emacs saves the old version of your file.
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368 * Interlocking:: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
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369 of one file by two users.
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370
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371 Version Control
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372
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373 * Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general.
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374 * VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status.
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375 * Basic VC Editing:: How to edit a file under version control.
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376 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
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377 * Secondary VC Commands:: The commands used a little less frequently.
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378 * Branches:: Multiple lines of development.
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379 * Snapshots:: Sets of file versions treated as a unit.
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380 * Miscellaneous VC:: Various other commands and features of VC.
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381 * Customizing VC:: Variables that change VC's behavior.
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382
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383 Using Multiple Buffers
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384
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385 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
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386 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
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387 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
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388 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
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389 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
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390 and operate variously on several of them.
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391 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
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392
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393 Multiple Windows
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394
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395 * Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows.
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396 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
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397 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
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398 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
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399 * Force Same Window:: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
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400 window rather than in another window.
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401 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
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402
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403 Frames and X Windows
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404
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405 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
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406 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.
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407 * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections.
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408 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
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409 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
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410 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
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411 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
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412 * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
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413 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
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414 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
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415 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
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416 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
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417 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
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418 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
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419 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
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420 * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
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421 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
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422 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
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423 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
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424 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
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425 * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
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426 * Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
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427 * Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text.
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428 * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
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429 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
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430 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
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431
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432 International Character Set Support
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433
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434 * International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
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435 * Enabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
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436 * Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
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437 * Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
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438 * Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
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439 * Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and
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440 write files, and so on.
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441 * Recognize Coding:: How Emacs figures out which conversion to use.
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442 * Specify Coding:: Various ways to choose which conversion to use.
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443 * Fontsets:: Fontsets are collections of fonts
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444 that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
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445 * Defining Fontsets:: Defining a new fontset.
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446 * Single-Byte Character Support::
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447 You can pick one European character set
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448 to use without multibyte characters.
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449
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450 Major Modes
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451
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452 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen.
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453
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454 Indentation
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455
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456 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
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457 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
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458 indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
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459 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
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460
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461 Commands for Human Languages
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462
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463 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
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464 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
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465 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
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466 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
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467 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text.
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468 * Case:: Changing the case of text.
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469 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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470 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
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471 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
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472 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
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473 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
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474
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475 Filling Text
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476
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477 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
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478 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
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479 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented
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480 or in a comment, etc.
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481 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
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482
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483 Editing Programs
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484
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485 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
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486 * Defuns:: Commands to operate on major top-level parts
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487 of a program.
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488 * Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
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489 * Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
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490 * Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses.
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491 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
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492 * Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively.
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493 * Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
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494 * Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
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495 * Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
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496 * C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
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497 Java, and Pike modes.
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498 * Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
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499 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
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500
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501 Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns
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diff changeset
502
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
503 * Left Margin Paren:: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
504 starts a defun if it is at the left margin.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
505 * Moving by Defuns:: Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
506 * Imenu:: Making buffer indexes as menus.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
507 * Which Function:: Which Function mode shows which function you are in.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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509 Indentation for Programs
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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511 * Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line.
38199
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
512 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
514 * C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
515 * Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
517 Commands for Editing with Parentheses
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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519 * Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
520 * Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
521 in the structure of parentheses.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
522 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
523
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
524 Manipulating Comments
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
525
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
526 * Comment Commands:: Inserting, killing, and indenting comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
527 * Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
528 * Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
529
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
530 Documentation Lookup
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
532 * Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
533 in Info files.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
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534 * Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
535 * Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
536
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
537 C and Related Modes
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
539 * Motion in C:: Commands to move by C statements, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
540 * Electric C:: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
541 * Hungry Delete:: A more powerful DEL command.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
542 * Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
543 and other neat features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
544 * Comments in C:: Options for customizing comment style.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
545
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
546 Fortran Mode
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
547
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
548 * Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
549 * Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
550 * Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
551 * Autofill: Fortran Autofill. Auto fill minor mode for Fortran.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
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552 * Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
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553 * Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
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parents:
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554
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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555 Compiling and Testing Programs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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556
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
557 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 * Compilation Mode:: The mode for visiting compiler errors.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 * Compilation Shell:: Customizing your shell properly
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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561 for use in the compilation buffer.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
562 * Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
563 * Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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564 with different facilities for running
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
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565 the Lisp programs.
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parents:
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566 * Lisp Libraries:: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 * Lisp Interaction:: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 * Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
569 * External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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571 Running Debuggers Under Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573 * Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 * Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 * Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 * GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577
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578 Maintaining Programs
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
579
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
580 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
40792
7ea12eee7004 Comment out the Authors node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40525
diff changeset
581 @ignore
39082
b2693c0914e4 Fix the AUTHORS menu item. Suggested by Eric Hanchrow <offby1@blarg.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39059
diff changeset
582 * Authors:: Maintaining the Emacs @file{AUTHORS} file.
40792
7ea12eee7004 Comment out the Authors node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40525
diff changeset
583 @end ignore
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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diff changeset
584 * Tags:: Go direct to any function in your program in one
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
585 command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
586 * Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
587
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
588 Tags Tables
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
589
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
590 * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
591 * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
592 * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
593 * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
594 * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
595 * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
596
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
597 Merging Files with Emerge
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
598
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
599 * Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
600 * Submodes of Emerge:: Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
601 Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
602 * State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
603 for each difference.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
604 * Merge Commands:: Commands for selecting a difference,
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
605 changing states of differences, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
606 * Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
607 * Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
608 * Fine Points of Emerge:: Misc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
609
24093
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diff changeset
610 Abbrevs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 * Abbrev Concepts:: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 Editing Pictures
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 after "self-inserting" characters.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 Sending Mail
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
628
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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629 * Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 * Mail Headers:: Details of permitted mail header fields.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 * Mail Aliases:: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 * Mail Mode:: Special commands for editing mail being composed.
36212
339b9d45f288 Distracting NSA => Mail Amusements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36211
diff changeset
633 * Mail Amusements:: Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg.
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
634 * Mail Methods:: Using alternative mail-composition methods.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 Reading Mail with Rmail
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 * Rmail Basics:: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 * Rmail Scrolling:: Scrolling through a message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 * Rmail Motion:: Moving to another message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 * Rmail Deletion:: Deleting and expunging messages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 * Rmail Inbox:: How mail gets into the Rmail file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 * Rmail Files:: Using multiple Rmail files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 * Rmail Output:: Copying message out to files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 * Rmail Labels:: Classifying messages by labeling them.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 * Rmail Attributes:: Certain standard labels, called attributes.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 * Rmail Reply:: Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 * Rmail Summary:: Summaries show brief info on many messages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 * Rmail Sorting:: Sorting messages in Rmail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 * Rmail Display:: How Rmail displays a message; customization.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 * Rmail Editing:: Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 * Rmail Digest:: Extracting the messages from a digest message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 * Rmail Rot13:: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 * Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 Dired, the Directory Editor
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 * Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired.
37993
1ff0891cec4c Change "Dired Commands" to "Dired Navigation". Move the general
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37844
diff changeset
660 * Dired Navigation:: How to move in the Dired buffer.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 * Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 * Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 either one file or several files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 * Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 * Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 The Calendar and the Diary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 * Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 * Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 * Counting Days:: How many days are there between two dates?
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 * General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 * LaTeX Calendar:: Print a calendar using LaTeX.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 * Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 * Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 * Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 * Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 * Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 * Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 * Daylight Savings:: How to specify when daylight savings time is active.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 Movement in the Calendar
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 * Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 * Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 * Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 specific date.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 Conversion To and From Other Calendars
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 * Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 (aside from Gregorian).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 * To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 * From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 * Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 The Diary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 * Diary Commands:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 * Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 * Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 * Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 * Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52582
diff changeset
714 Gnus
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 * Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 * Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 * Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 Running Shell Commands from Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 * Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 * Shell History:: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 * Shell Options:: Options for customizing Shell mode.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 * Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 Customization
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 independently of any others.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 * Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 to decide what to do; by setting variables,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 you can control their functioning.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 * Keyboard Translations::
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 If your keyboard passes an undesired code
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 for a key, you can tell Emacs to
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
741 substitute another code.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 expressions are parsed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
745 @file{.emacs} file.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 Variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 * Easy Customization::
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 Convenient and easy customization of variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 * Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 Customizing Key Bindings
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 * Keymaps:: Generalities. The global keymap.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 * Prefix Keymaps:: Keymaps for prefix keys.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 * Local Keymaps:: Major and minor modes have their own keymaps.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 * Minibuffer Maps:: The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 * Init Rebinding:: Rebinding keys with your init file, @file{.emacs}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 * Function Keys:: Rebinding terminal function keys.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 * Named ASCII Chars:: Distinguishing @key{TAB} from @kbd{C-i}, and so on.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 * Mouse Buttons:: Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 before it can be executed. This is done to protect
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 beginners from surprises.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 The Init File, @file{~/.emacs}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 * Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 Dealing with Emacs Trouble
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780
38767
5889c45fd6ad Change the name of the "DEL Doesn't Delete" node to "DEL Does Not Delete",
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38400
diff changeset
781 * DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 * Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 * Memory Full:: How to cope when you run out of memory.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 What to do if Emacs stops responding.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 Reporting Bugs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 * Criteria: Bug Criteria. Have you really found a bug?
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 * Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 * Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 * Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 Command Line Options and Arguments
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 and call functions.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
43015
e4c362348aae Fix typo.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 42751
diff changeset
808 * Colors:: Choosing display colors.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
41370
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
813
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
814 X Resources
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
815
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
816 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
817 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
818 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
36501
8a046a8e91dc Give LessTif precedence over Motif.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36212
diff changeset
820 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 Environment Variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 * Misc Variables:: Certain system specific variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826
24094
1a575df191bb (Top): Include Windows 98 in the MS-DOS section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24093
diff changeset
827 MS-DOS and Windows 95/98/NT
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diff changeset
828
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diff changeset
829 * MS-DOS Input:: Keyboard and mouse usage on MS-DOS.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 * MS-DOS Display:: Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 * MS-DOS File Names:: File-name conventions on MS-DOS.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 * MS-DOS Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 * MS-DOS Processes:: Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @end menu
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parents:
diff changeset
838
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 @iftex
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 @unnumbered Preface
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
841
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diff changeset
842 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 editor. The reader is not expected to be a programmer; simple
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 customizations do not require programming skill. But the user who is not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 interested in customizing can ignore the scattered customization hints.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 primer. For complete beginners, it is a good idea to start with the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 on-line, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To run the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. This way you can learn
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 Emacs by using Emacs on a specially designed file which describes
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 commands, tells you when to try them, and then explains the results you
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 see.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 Emacs display screen. Note which questions are answered in these
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 chapters, so you can refer back later. After reading chapter 4, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 should practice the commands there. The next few chapters describe
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly. You need
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 to understand them thoroughly, experimenting with them if necessary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 useful for all kinds of editing. Chapter 20 and following chapters
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 describe features that you may or may not want to use; read those
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 chapters when you need them.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 Read the Trouble chapter if Emacs does not seem to be working
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 properly. It explains how to cope with some common problems
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 (@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs bugs
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 (@pxref{Bugs}).
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
872
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873 To find the documentation on a particular command, look in the index.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes. There
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 The Info file is for on-line perusal with the Info program, which will
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 be the principal way of viewing documentation on-line in the GNU system.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 Both the Info file and the Info program itself are distributed along
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 with GNU Emacs. The Info file and the printed book contain
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 substantially the same text and are generated from the same source
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 files, which are also distributed along with GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For information on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons learned from its
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 development, write for a copy of AI memo 519a, ``Emacs, the Extensible,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor,'' to Publications Department,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 Artificial Intelligence Lab, 545 Tech Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA@. At
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 last report they charge $2.25 per copy. Another useful publication is LCS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 TM-165, ``A Cookbook for an Emacs,'' by Craig Finseth, available from
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 Publications Department, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Tech Square,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA@. The price today is $3.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs installed
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on VMS, MS-DOS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 (also called MS-DOG), Windows NT, and Windows 95 systems. Those systems use
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and MS-DOS do not support
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 all GNU Emacs features. We don't try to describe VMS usage in this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 manual. @xref{MS-DOS}, for information about using Emacs on MS-DOS.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 @end iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
903
53689
60657a16545c (Acknowledgments): Renamed from Acknowledgements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
904 @node Distrib, Copying, Top, Top
24093
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diff changeset
905 @unnumbered Distribution
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are restrictions
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed to permit
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do. What is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing any version
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise conditions are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 found in the GNU General Public License that comes with Emacs and also
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 appears following this section.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it. You
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else; just
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 copy it. If you have access to the Internet, you can get the latest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see the file
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 @file{etc/FTP} in the Emacs distribution for more information.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer. Computer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 everyone else. These terms require them to give you the full sources,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930
52574
e0bca4b2b9ca (Acknowledgements): New node, split from Distribution.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
931 You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software
e0bca4b2b9ca (Acknowledgements): New node, split from Distribution.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
932 Foundation. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it
e0bca4b2b9ca (Acknowledgements): New node, split from Distribution.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
933 is also a good way to help fund our work. (The Foundation has always
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 received most of its funds in this way.) An order form is included in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 the file @file{etc/ORDERS} in the Emacs distribution, and on our web
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 site in @url{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html}. For further
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 information, write to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @display
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 Free Software Foundation
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 59 Temple Place, Suite 330
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 USA
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @end display
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 The income from distribution fees goes to support the foundation's
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 purpose: the development of new free software, and improvements to our
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 existing programs including GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957
53689
60657a16545c (Acknowledgments): Renamed from Acknowledgements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
958 @ifnotinfo
60657a16545c (Acknowledgments): Renamed from Acknowledgements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
959 @node Acknowledgments, Copying, Distrib, Top
60657a16545c (Acknowledgments): Renamed from Acknowledgements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
960 @section Acknowledgments
52574
e0bca4b2b9ca (Acknowledgements): New node, split from Distribution.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
961
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 Contributors to GNU Emacs include Per Abrahamsen, Jay K. Adams, Joe
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 Arceneaux, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Jim Blandy, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 Peter Breton, Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M. Brown, Bill
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 Carpenter, Hans Chalupsky, Bob Chassell, James Clark, Mike Clarkson,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 Glynn Clements, Andrew Csillag, Doug Cutting, Michael DeCorte, Gary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Viktor
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Stephen Eglen, Torbj@"orn Einarsson,
46918
82d113655734 Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents: 45884
diff changeset
969 Tsugutomo Enami, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi,
82d113655734 Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents: 45884
diff changeset
970 Frederick Farnbach, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Noah Friedman,
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 Keith Gabryelski, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Howard Gayle, Stephen
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 Gildea, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Boris Goldowsky, Michelangelo
24882
3a17c21ea615 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24571
diff changeset
973 Grigni, Michael Gschwind, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa,
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman, John Heidemann, Markus Heritsch, Karl
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 Heuer, Manabu Higashida, Anders Holst, Kurt Hornik, Tom Houlder, Lars
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Tomoji
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 Kagatani, Brewster Kahle, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Howard Kaye,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 Michael Kifer, Richard King, Larry K. Kolodney, Robert Krawitz,
52582
93aa41f66fd9 (Acknowledgements): Correct typo.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52574
diff changeset
979 Sebastian Kremer, Geoff Kuenning, David K@aa{}gedal, Daniel LaLiberte,
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 Aaron Larson, James R. Larus, Frederic Lepied, Lars Lindberg, Eric
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 Ludlam, Neil M. Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 David Megginson, Wayne Mesard, Richard Mlynarik, Keith Moore, Erik
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 Naggum, Thomas Neumann, Mike Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Jeff Norden,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 Andrew Norman, Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, Jens
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Fred Pierresteguy, Christian Plaunt,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 Francesco A. Potorti, Michael D. Prange, Ashwin Ram, Eric S. Raymond,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, Rob Riepel, Roland B. Roberts, John
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parents:
diff changeset
989 Robinson, Danny Roozendaal, William Rosenblatt, Guillermo J. Rozas, Ivar
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parents:
diff changeset
990 Rummelhoff, Wolfgang Rupprecht, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato, William
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parents:
diff changeset
991 Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald
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parents:
diff changeset
992 S. Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen, Stephen Schoef, Randal Schwartz,
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parents:
diff changeset
993 Manuel Serrano, Stanislav Shalunov, Mark Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin
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parents:
diff changeset
994 Shivers, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David
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parents:
diff changeset
995 Smith, Paul D. Smith, William Sommerfeld, Michael Staats, Sam Steingold,
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parents:
diff changeset
996 Ake Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Jonathan Stigelman, Steve Strassman,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 Jens T. Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Masanobu Umeda,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 Neil W. Van Dyke, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey Voelker, Johan Vromans, Barry
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 Warsaw, Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, Ed
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Steven A. Wood, Dale R. Worley, Felix
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parents:
diff changeset
1001 S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Ian T. Zimmermann,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 Reto Zimmermann, and Neal Ziring.
53689
60657a16545c (Acknowledgments): Renamed from Acknowledgements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
1003 @end ifnotinfo
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1004
53689
60657a16545c (Acknowledgments): Renamed from Acknowledgements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
1005 @node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Distrib, Top
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 @center Version 2, June 1991
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parents:
diff changeset
1008
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parents:
diff changeset
1009 @display
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parents:
diff changeset
1010 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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parents:
diff changeset
1011 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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parents:
diff changeset
1012
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parents:
diff changeset
1013 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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parents:
diff changeset
1014 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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parents:
diff changeset
1015 @end display
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parents:
diff changeset
1016
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 @unnumberedsec Preamble
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parents:
diff changeset
1018
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parents:
diff changeset
1019 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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parents:
diff changeset
1021 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
50754
5f08de7d192f Undo rest of previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 50753
diff changeset
1026 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
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diff changeset
1027 your programs, too.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028
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parents:
diff changeset
1029 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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parents:
diff changeset
1035
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1041 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
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parents:
diff changeset
1045 rights.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 distribute and/or modify the software.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 authors' reputations.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057
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parents:
diff changeset
1058 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065 modification follow.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 @iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
1068 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 @end iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
1070 @ifinfo
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 @end ifinfo
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parents:
diff changeset
1073
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 @enumerate 0
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 This License applies to any program or other work which contains
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1078 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program,'' below,
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1084 the term ``modification.'') Each licensee is addressed as ``you.''
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
1085
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 along with the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104
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parents:
diff changeset
1105 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110
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parents:
diff changeset
1111 @enumerate a
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parents:
diff changeset
1112 @item
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1115
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parents:
diff changeset
1116 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1117 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 parties under the terms of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1122 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1123 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 @end enumerate
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diff changeset
1134
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
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parents:
diff changeset
1144
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 collective works based on the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 the scope of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 @item
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
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parents:
diff changeset
1159
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 @enumerate a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 customarily used for software interchange; or,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 received the program in object code or executable form with such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 itself accompanies the executable.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 parties remain in full compliance.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 the Program or works based on it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 circumstances.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 impose that choice.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 address new problems or concerns.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1277 later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and conditions
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 Foundation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 @heading NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 @center NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 @page
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 @smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1344
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 GNU General Public License for more details.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 when it starts in an interactive mode:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 @smallexample
32113
a0915106b092 (Top): Update version in `Antinews' menu entry.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31356
diff changeset
1366 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author}
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
1369 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 for details.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377 suits your program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 @smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 @group
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 interest in the program `Gnomovision'
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
1387 (which makes passes at compilers) written
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 by James Hacker.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 Ty Coon, President of Vice
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 @end group
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
50753
dd4bc4fbaf67 Undo half of previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 50752
diff changeset
1398 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 Public License instead of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400
31309
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1401 @include doclicense.texi
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1402
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1403 @node Intro, Glossary, GNU Free Documentation License, Top
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 @unnumbered Introduction
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the advanced,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 self-documenting, customizable, extensible real-time display editor Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 (The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 We say that Emacs is a @dfn{display} editor because normally the text
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 being edited is visible on the screen and is updated automatically as you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 type your commands. @xref{Screen,Display}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 We call it a @dfn{real-time} editor because the display is updated very
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 frequently, usually after each character or pair of characters you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416 type. This minimizes the amount of information you must keep in your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 head as you edit. @xref{Basic,Real-time,Basic Editing}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 We call Emacs advanced because it provides facilities that go beyond
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 simple insertion and deletion: controlling subprocesses; automatic
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 indentation of programs; viewing two or more files at once; editing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 formatted text; and dealing in terms of characters, words, lines,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as expressions and comments in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 several different programming languages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428 also use it to find out what any command does, or to find all the commands
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 that pertain to a topic. @xref{Help}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 @dfn{Customizable} means that you can change the definitions of Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 commands in little ways. For example, if you use a programming language in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can tell
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 the Emacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 command set. For example, if you prefer the four basic cursor motion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 commands (up, down, left and right) on keys in a diamond pattern on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 keyboard, you can rebind the keys that way. @xref{Customization}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 @dfn{Extensible} means that you can go beyond simple customization and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 write entirely new commands, programs in the Lisp language to be run by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 Emacs's own Lisp interpreter. Emacs is an ``on-line extensible''
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 system, which means that it is divided into many functions that call
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 each other, any of which can be redefined in the middle of an editing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 session. Almost any part of Emacs can be replaced without making a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 separate copy of all of Emacs. Most of the editing commands of Emacs
38131
a678d1512bf0 Minor wording change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 37993
diff changeset
1447 are written in Lisp; the few exceptions could have been written
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 in Lisp but are written in C for efficiency. Although only a programmer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 can write an extension, anybody can use it afterward. If you want to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 learn Emacs Lisp programming, we recommend the @cite{Introduction to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 Emacs Lisp} by Robert J. Chassell, also published by the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 Foundation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 When run under the X Window System, Emacs provides its own menus and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 convenient bindings to mouse buttons. But Emacs can provide many of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 benefits of a window system on a text-only terminal. For instance, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 can look at or edit several files at once, move text between files, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 edit files while running shell commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 @include screen.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461 @include commands.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 @include entering.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 @include basic.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 @include mini.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 @include m-x.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 @include help.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @include mark.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 @include killing.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 @include regs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 @include display.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 @include search.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 @include fixit.texi
52252
f8ba1a1de203 (Intro): Include kmacro.texi after fixit.texi instead of after
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 52238
diff changeset
1473 @include kmacro.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474 @include files.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 @include buffers.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 @include windows.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 @include frames.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 @include mule.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 @include major.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 @include indent.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 @include text.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 @include programs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 @include building.texi
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
1484 @include maintaining.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 @include abbrevs.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 @include picture.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 @include sending.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 @include rmail.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 @include dired.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 @include calendar.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491 @include misc.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 @include custom.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 @include trouble.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 @include cmdargs.texi
40525
b8d0024c4e37 @include xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40520
diff changeset
1495 @include xresources.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 @include anti.texi
34199
1a56ec70af8c @include macos.texi.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33973
diff changeset
1498 @include macos.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 @include msdog.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 @include gnu.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 @include glossary.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 @include ack.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1506 @c The Option Index is produced only in the on-line version,
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1507 @c because the index entries related to command-line options
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1508 @c tend to point to the same pages and all begin with a dash.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1509 @c This, and the need to keep the node links consistent, are
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1510 @c the reasons for the funky @iftex/@ifnottex dance below.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1511 @c The Option Index is _not_ before Key Index, because that
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1512 @c would require changes in the glossary.texi's @node line.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1513 @c It is not after Concept Index for similar reasons.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1514
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1515 @iftex
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516 @node Key Index, Command Index, Glossary, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1518 @printindex ky
37452
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1519 @end iftex
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1520
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1521 @ifnottex
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1522 @node Key Index, Option Index, Glossary, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1523 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1524 @printindex ky
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1526 @node Option Index, Command Index, Key Index, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1527 @unnumbered Command-Line Options Index
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1528 @printindex op
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1529
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1530 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Option Index, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1531 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1532 @printindex fn
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1533 @end ifnottex
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1534
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1535 @iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
1536 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1537 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1538 @printindex fn
37452
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1539 @end iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
1540
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parents:
diff changeset
1541 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 @unnumbered Variable Index
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 @printindex vr
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parents:
diff changeset
1544
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parents:
diff changeset
1545 @node Concept Index, Acknowledgments, Variable Index, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546 @unnumbered Concept Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1547 @printindex cp
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1548
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parents:
diff changeset
1549 @summarycontents
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parents:
diff changeset
1550 @contents
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parents:
diff changeset
1551 @bye
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parents:
diff changeset
1552
52401
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52261
diff changeset
1553 @ignore
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52261
diff changeset
1554 arch-tag: ed48740a-410b-46ea-9387-c9a9252a3392
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52261
diff changeset
1555 @end ignore