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annotate man/dired.texi @ 38212:6b14cc47a4f2
Major rewrite. Sections Tags, Emerge, Change Log and Authors
moved to maintaining.texi. Some sections reordered.
Node Misc for Programs moved to just before the language-specific sections.
New node Defuns contains an intro plus the old
Defuns node (now renamed Moving by Defuns)
as well as Imenu, Which Function, and a node
Left Margin Paren to explain the convention about this.
New node Parentheses now documents M-x check-parens.
It contains subnodes Expressions, Moving by Parens, and Matching.
Expressions and Moving by Parens contain the material
formerly in Lists and List Commands, but divided up differently.
The section Balanced Editing has been deleted.
Most of the C indentation customization (all except c-set-style),
has been replaced with a reference to the C Modes manual.
Documentation now is divided into three subsections.
Some rewrites in the Program Indent section about
C-u TAB and C-M-q.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 26 Jun 2001 13:43:32 +0000 |
parents | e46c555b62c8 |
children | 5464ee1ba8e2 |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
28126 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000 |
3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top | |
6 @chapter Dired, the Directory Editor | |
7 @cindex Dired | |
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8 @cindex file management |
25829 | 9 |
10 Dired makes an Emacs buffer containing a listing of a directory, and | |
11 optionally some of its subdirectories as well. You can use the normal | |
12 Emacs commands to move around in this buffer, and special Dired commands | |
13 to operate on the files listed. | |
14 | |
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15 The Dired buffer is ``read-only,'' and inserting text in it is not |
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16 useful, so ordinary printing characters such as @kbd{d} and @kbd{x} are |
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17 used for special Dired commands. Some Dired commands @dfn{mark} or |
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18 @dfn{flag} the @dfn{current file} (that is, the file on the current |
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19 line); other commands operate on the marked files or on the flagged |
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20 files. |
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21 |
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22 The Dired-X package provides various extra features for Dired mode. |
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23 @xref{Dired-X,,,dired-x, Dired Extra Version 2 User's Manual}. |
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24 |
25829 | 25 @menu |
26 * Enter: Dired Enter. How to invoke Dired. | |
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27 * Navigation: Dired Navigation. How to move in the Dired buffer. |
25829 | 28 * Deletion: Dired Deletion. Deleting files with Dired. |
29 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names. | |
30 * Visit: Dired Visiting. Other file operations through Dired. | |
31 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking. | |
32 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc. | |
33 either one file or several files. | |
34 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files. | |
35 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files. | |
36 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired. | |
37 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer. | |
38 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down. | |
39 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible. | |
40 * Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest. | |
41 * Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired. | |
42 @end menu | |
43 | |
44 @node Dired Enter | |
45 @section Entering Dired | |
46 | |
47 @findex dired | |
48 @kindex C-x d | |
49 @vindex dired-listing-switches | |
50 To invoke Dired, do @kbd{C-x d} or @kbd{M-x dired}. The command reads | |
51 a directory name or wildcard file name pattern as a minibuffer argument | |
52 to specify which files to list. Where @code{dired} differs from | |
53 @code{list-directory} is in putting the buffer into Dired mode so that | |
54 the special commands of Dired are available. | |
55 | |
56 The variable @code{dired-listing-switches} specifies the options to | |
57 give to @code{ls} for listing directory; this string @emph{must} contain | |
58 @samp{-l}. If you use a numeric prefix argument with the @code{dired} | |
59 command, you can specify the @code{ls} switches with the minibuffer | |
60 before you enter the directory specification. | |
61 | |
62 @findex dired-other-window | |
63 @kindex C-x 4 d | |
64 @findex dired-other-frame | |
65 @kindex C-x 5 d | |
66 To display the Dired buffer in another window rather than in the | |
67 selected window, use @kbd{C-x 4 d} (@code{dired-other-window}) instead | |
68 of @kbd{C-x d}. @kbd{C-x 5 d} (@code{dired-other-frame}) uses a | |
69 separate frame to display the Dired buffer. | |
70 | |
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71 @node Dired Navigation |
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72 @section Navigation in the Dired Buffer |
25829 | 73 |
74 @kindex C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
75 @kindex C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
76 All the usual Emacs cursor motion commands are available in Dired | |
77 buffers. Some special-purpose cursor motion commands are also | |
78 provided. The keys @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} are redefined to put the | |
79 cursor at the beginning of the file name on the line, rather than at the | |
80 beginning of the line. | |
81 | |
82 @kindex SPC @r{(Dired)} | |
83 For extra convenience, @key{SPC} and @kbd{n} in Dired are equivalent | |
84 to @kbd{C-n}. @kbd{p} is equivalent to @kbd{C-p}. (Moving by lines is | |
85 so common in Dired that it deserves to be easy to type.) @key{DEL} | |
86 (move up and unflag) is often useful simply for moving up. | |
87 | |
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88 Some additional navigation commands are available when the Dired |
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89 buffer includes several directories. @xref{Subdirectory Motion}. |
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90 |
25829 | 91 @node Dired Deletion |
92 @section Deleting Files with Dired | |
93 @cindex flagging files (in Dired) | |
94 @cindex deleting files (in Dired) | |
95 | |
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96 One of the most frequent uses of Dired is to @dfn{flag} files for |
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97 deletion and then delete the files previously flagged. |
25829 | 98 |
99 @table @kbd | |
100 @item d | |
101 Flag this file for deletion. | |
102 @item u | |
103 Remove deletion flag on this line. | |
104 @item @key{DEL} | |
105 Move point to previous line and remove the deletion flag on that line. | |
106 @item x | |
107 Delete the files that are flagged for deletion. | |
108 @end table | |
109 | |
110 @kindex d @r{(Dired)} | |
111 @findex dired-flag-file-deletion | |
112 You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the | |
113 file and typing @kbd{d} (@code{dired-flag-file-deletion}). The deletion flag is visible as a @samp{D} at | |
114 the beginning of the line. This command moves point to the next line, | |
115 so that repeated @kbd{d} commands flag successive files. A numeric | |
116 argument serves as a repeat count. | |
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117 |
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118 @vindex dired-recursive-deletes |
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119 The variable @code{dired-recursive-deletes} controls whether the |
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120 delete command will delete non-empty directories (including their |
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121 contents). The default is to delete only empty directories. |
25829 | 122 |
123 @kindex u @r{(Dired deletion)} | |
124 @kindex DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
125 The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to | |
126 reduce the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct | |
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127 Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using |
25829 | 128 the commands @kbd{u} and @key{DEL}. @kbd{u} (@code{dired-unmark}) works |
129 just like @kbd{d}, but removes flags rather than making flags. | |
130 @key{DEL} (@code{dired-unmark-backward}) moves upward, removing flags; | |
131 it is like @kbd{u} with argument @minus{}1. | |
132 | |
133 @kindex x @r{(Dired)} | |
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134 @findex dired-do-flagged-delete |
25829 | 135 @cindex expunging (Dired) |
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136 To delete the flagged files, type @kbd{x} (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}). |
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137 (This is also known as @dfn{expunging}.) |
25829 | 138 This command first displays a list of all the file names flagged for |
139 deletion, and requests confirmation with @kbd{yes}. If you confirm, | |
140 Dired deletes the flagged files, then deletes their lines from the text | |
141 of the Dired buffer. The shortened Dired buffer remains selected. | |
142 | |
143 If you answer @kbd{no} or quit with @kbd{C-g} when asked to confirm, you | |
144 return immediately to Dired, with the deletion flags still present in | |
145 the buffer, and no files actually deleted. | |
146 | |
147 @node Flagging Many Files | |
148 @section Flagging Many Files at Once | |
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149 @cindex flagging many files for deletion (in Dired) |
25829 | 150 |
151 @table @kbd | |
152 @item # | |
153 Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with @samp{#}) | |
154 for deletion (@pxref{Auto Save}). | |
155 | |
156 @item ~ | |
157 Flag all backup files (files whose names end with @samp{~}) for deletion | |
158 (@pxref{Backup}). | |
159 | |
160 @item & | |
161 Flag for deletion all files with certain kinds of names, names that | |
162 suggest you could easily create the files again. | |
163 | |
164 @item .@: @r{(Period)} | |
165 Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and newest | |
166 few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle ones are | |
167 flagged. | |
168 | |
169 @item % d @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
170 Flag for deletion all files whose names match the regular expression | |
171 @var{regexp}. | |
172 @end table | |
173 | |
174 The @kbd{#}, @kbd{~}, @kbd{&}, and @kbd{.} commands flag many files for | |
175 deletion, based on their file names. These commands are useful | |
176 precisely because they do not themselves delete any files; you can | |
177 remove the deletion flags from any flagged files that you really wish to | |
178 keep.@refill | |
179 | |
180 @kindex & @r{(Dired)} | |
181 @findex dired-flag-garbage-files | |
182 @vindex dired-garbage-files-regexp | |
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183 @cindex deleting some backup files |
25829 | 184 @kbd{&} (@code{dired-flag-garbage-files}) flags files whose names |
185 match the regular expression specified by the variable | |
186 @code{dired-garbage-files-regexp}. By default, this matches certain | |
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187 files produced by @TeX{}, @samp{.bak} files, and the @samp{.orig} and |
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188 @samp{.rej} files produced by @code{patch}. |
25829 | 189 |
190 @kindex # @r{(Dired)} | |
191 @findex dired-flag-auto-save-files | |
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192 @cindex deleting auto-save files |
25829 | 193 @kbd{#} (@code{dired-flag-auto-save-files}) flags for deletion all |
194 files whose names look like auto-save files (@pxref{Auto Save})---that | |
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195 is, files whose names begin and end with @samp{#}. |
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196 |
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197 @kindex ~ @r{(Dired)} |
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198 @findex dired-flag-backup-files |
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199 @kbd{~} (@code{dired-flag-backup-files}) flags for deletion all files |
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200 whose names say they are backup files (@pxref{Backup})---that is, whose |
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201 names end in @samp{~}. |
25829 | 202 |
203 @kindex . @r{(Dired)} | |
204 @vindex dired-kept-versions | |
205 @findex dired-clean-directory | |
206 @kbd{.} (period, @code{dired-clean-directory}) flags just some of the | |
207 backup files for deletion: all but the oldest few and newest few backups | |
208 of any one file. Normally @code{dired-kept-versions} (@strong{not} | |
209 @code{kept-new-versions}; that applies only when saving) specifies the | |
210 number of newest versions of each file to keep, and | |
211 @code{kept-old-versions} specifies the number of oldest versions to | |
212 keep. | |
213 | |
214 Period with a positive numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u 3 .}, | |
215 specifies the number of newest versions to keep, overriding | |
216 @code{dired-kept-versions}. A negative numeric argument overrides | |
217 @code{kept-old-versions}, using minus the value of the argument to | |
218 specify the number of oldest versions of each file to keep. | |
219 | |
220 @findex dired-flag-files-regexp | |
221 @kindex % d @r{(Dired)} | |
222 The @kbd{% d} command flags all files whose names match a specified | |
223 regular expression (@code{dired-flag-files-regexp}). Only the | |
224 non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. You can use | |
225 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. You can exclude subdirectories | |
226 by hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
227 | |
228 @node Dired Visiting | |
229 @section Visiting Files in Dired | |
230 | |
231 There are several Dired commands for visiting or examining the files | |
232 listed in the Dired buffer. All of them apply to the current line's | |
233 file; if that file is really a directory, these commands invoke Dired on | |
234 that subdirectory (making a separate Dired buffer). | |
235 | |
236 @table @kbd | |
237 @item f | |
238 @kindex f @r{(Dired)} | |
239 @findex dired-find-file | |
240 Visit the file described on the current line, like typing @kbd{C-x C-f} | |
241 and supplying that file name (@code{dired-find-file}). @xref{Visiting}. | |
242 | |
243 @item @key{RET} | |
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244 @itemx e |
25829 | 245 @kindex RET @r{(Dired)} |
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246 @kindex e @r{(Dired)} |
25829 | 247 Equivalent to @kbd{f}. |
248 | |
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249 @item a |
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250 @kindex a @r{(Dired)} |
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251 @findex dired-find-alternate-file |
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252 Like @kbd{f}, but replaces the contents of the Dired buffer with |
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253 that of an alternate file or directory (@code{dired-find-alternate-file}). |
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254 |
25829 | 255 @item o |
256 @kindex o @r{(Dired)} | |
257 @findex dired-find-file-other-window | |
258 Like @kbd{f}, but uses another window to display the file's buffer | |
259 (@code{dired-find-file-other-window}). The Dired buffer remains visible | |
260 in the first window. This is like using @kbd{C-x 4 C-f} to visit the | |
261 file. @xref{Windows}. | |
262 | |
263 @item C-o | |
264 @kindex C-o @r{(Dired)} | |
265 @findex dired-display-file | |
266 Visit the file described on the current line, and display the buffer in | |
267 another window, but do not select that window (@code{dired-display-file}). | |
268 | |
269 @item Mouse-2 | |
270 @findex dired-mouse-find-file-other-window | |
271 Visit the file named by the line you click on | |
272 (@code{dired-mouse-find-file-other-window}). This uses another window | |
273 to display the file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
274 | |
275 @item v | |
276 @kindex v @r{(Dired)} | |
277 @findex dired-view-file | |
278 View the file described on the current line, using @kbd{M-x view-file} | |
279 (@code{dired-view-file}). | |
280 | |
281 Viewing a file is like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around | |
282 in the file conveniently and does not allow changing the file. | |
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283 @xref{Misc File Ops,View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
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284 |
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285 @item ^ |
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286 @kindex ^ @r{(Dired)} |
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287 @findex dired-up-directory |
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288 Visit the parent directory of the current directory |
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289 (@code{dired-up-directory}). This is more convenient than moving to |
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290 the parent directory's line and typing @kbd{f} there. |
25829 | 291 @end table |
292 | |
293 @node Marks vs Flags | |
294 @section Dired Marks vs. Flags | |
295 | |
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296 @cindex marking many files (in Dired) |
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297 Instead of flagging a file with @samp{D}, you can @dfn{mark} the |
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298 file with some other character (usually @samp{*}). Most Dired |
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299 commands to operate on files use the files marked with @samp{*}, the |
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300 exception being @kbd{x} which deletes the flagged files. |
25829 | 301 |
302 Here are some commands for marking with @samp{*}, or for unmarking or | |
303 operating on marks. (@xref{Dired Deletion}, for commands to flag and | |
304 unflag files.) | |
305 | |
306 @table @kbd | |
307 @item m | |
308 @itemx * m | |
309 @kindex m @r{(Dired)} | |
310 @kindex * m @r{(Dired)} | |
311 @findex dired-mark | |
312 Mark the current file with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark}). With a numeric | |
313 argument @var{n}, mark the next @var{n} files starting with the current | |
314 file. (If @var{n} is negative, mark the previous @minus{}@var{n} | |
315 files.) | |
316 | |
317 @item * * | |
318 @kindex * * @r{(Dired)} | |
319 @findex dired-mark-executables | |
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320 @cindex marking executable files (in Dired) |
25829 | 321 Mark all executable files with @samp{*} |
322 (@code{dired-mark-executables}). With a numeric argument, unmark all | |
323 those files. | |
324 | |
325 @item * @@ | |
326 @kindex * @@ @r{(Dired)} | |
327 @findex dired-mark-symlinks | |
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328 @cindex marking symlinks (in Dired) |
25829 | 329 Mark all symbolic links with @samp{*} (@code{dired-mark-symlinks}). |
330 With a numeric argument, unmark all those files. | |
331 | |
332 @item * / | |
333 @kindex * / @r{(Dired)} | |
334 @findex dired-mark-directories | |
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335 @cindex marking subdirectories (in Dired) |
25829 | 336 Mark with @samp{*} all files which are actually directories, except for |
337 @file{.} and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-directories}). With a numeric | |
338 argument, unmark all those files. | |
339 | |
340 @item * s | |
341 @kindex * s @r{(Dired)} | |
342 @findex dired-mark-subdir-files | |
343 Mark all the files in the current subdirectory, aside from @file{.} | |
344 and @file{..} (@code{dired-mark-subdir-files}). | |
345 | |
346 @item u | |
347 @itemx * u | |
348 @kindex u @r{(Dired)} | |
349 @kindex * u @r{(Dired)} | |
350 @findex dired-unmark | |
351 Remove any mark on this line (@code{dired-unmark}). | |
352 | |
353 @item @key{DEL} | |
354 @itemx * @key{DEL} | |
355 @kindex * DEL @r{(Dired)} | |
356 @findex dired-unmark-backward | |
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357 @cindex unmarking files (in Dired) |
25829 | 358 Move point to previous line and remove any mark on that line |
359 (@code{dired-unmark-backward}). | |
360 | |
361 @item * ! | |
362 @kindex * ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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363 @findex dired-unmark-all-marks |
25829 | 364 Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer |
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365 (@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}). |
25829 | 366 |
367 @item * ? @var{markchar} | |
368 @kindex * ? @r{(Dired)} | |
369 @findex dired-unmark-all-files | |
370 Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar} | |
371 (@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single | |
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372 character---do not use @key{RET} to terminate it. See the description |
36507 | 373 of the @kbd{* c} command below, which lets you replace one mark |
374 character with another. | |
25829 | 375 |
376 With a numeric argument, this command queries about each marked file, | |
377 asking whether to remove its mark. You can answer @kbd{y} meaning yes, | |
378 @kbd{n} meaning no, or @kbd{!} to remove the marks from the remaining | |
379 files without asking about them. | |
380 | |
381 @item * C-n | |
382 @findex dired-next-marked-file | |
383 @kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)} | |
384 Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file}) | |
385 A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark. | |
386 | |
387 @item * C-p | |
388 @findex dired-prev-marked-file | |
389 @kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)} | |
390 Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file}) | |
391 | |
392 @item * t | |
393 @kindex * t @r{(Dired)} | |
394 @findex dired-do-toggle | |
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395 @cindex toggling marks (in Dired) |
25829 | 396 Toggle all marks (@code{dired-do-toggle}): files marked with @samp{*} |
397 become unmarked, and unmarked files are marked with @samp{*}. Files | |
398 marked in any other way are not affected. | |
399 | |
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400 @item * c @var{old-markchar} @var{new-markchar} |
25829 | 401 @kindex * c @r{(Dired)} |
402 @findex dired-change-marks | |
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403 Replace all marks that use the character @var{old-markchar} with marks |
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404 that use the character @var{new-markchar} (@code{dired-change-marks}). |
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405 This command is the primary way to create or use marks other than |
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406 @samp{*} or @samp{D}. The arguments are single characters---do not use |
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407 @key{RET} to terminate them. |
25829 | 408 |
409 You can use almost any character as a mark character by means of this | |
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410 command, to distinguish various classes of files. If @var{old-markchar} |
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411 is a space (@samp{ }), then the command operates on all unmarked files; |
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412 if @var{new-markchar} is a space, then the command unmarks the files it |
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413 acts on. |
25829 | 414 |
415 To illustrate the power of this command, here is how to put @samp{D} | |
416 flags on all the files that have no marks, while unflagging all those | |
417 that already have @samp{D} flags: | |
418 | |
419 @example | |
420 * c D t * c SPC D * c t SPC | |
421 @end example | |
422 | |
36507 | 423 This assumes that no files were already marked with @samp{t}. |
25829 | 424 |
425 @item % m @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
426 @itemx * % @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
427 @findex dired-mark-files-regexp | |
428 @kindex % m @r{(Dired)} | |
429 @kindex * % @r{(Dired)} | |
430 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose names match the regular expression | |
431 @var{regexp} (@code{dired-mark-files-regexp}). This command is like | |
432 @kbd{% d}, except that it marks files with @samp{*} instead of flagging | |
433 with @samp{D}. @xref{Flagging Many Files}. | |
434 | |
435 Only the non-directory part of the file name is used in matching. Use | |
436 @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor matches. Exclude subdirectories by | |
437 hiding them (@pxref{Hiding Subdirectories}). | |
438 | |
439 @item % g @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
440 @findex dired-mark-files-containing-regexp | |
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441 @kindex % g @r{(Dired)} |
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442 @cindex finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired) |
25829 | 443 Mark (with @samp{*}) all files whose @emph{contents} contain a match for |
444 the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
445 (@code{dired-mark-files-containing-regexp}). This command is like | |
446 @kbd{% m}, except that it searches the file contents instead of the file | |
447 name. | |
448 | |
449 @item C-_ | |
450 @kindex C-_ @r{(Dired)} | |
451 @findex dired-undo | |
452 Undo changes in the Dired buffer, such as adding or removing | |
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453 marks (@code{dired-undo}). @emph{This command does not revert the |
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454 actual file operations, nor recover lost files!} It just undoes |
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455 changes in the buffer itself. For example, if used after renaming one |
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456 or more files, @code{dired-undo} restores the original names, which |
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457 will get the Dired buffer out of sync with the actual contents of the |
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458 directory. |
25829 | 459 @end table |
460 | |
461 @node Operating on Files | |
462 @section Operating on Files | |
463 @cindex operating on files in Dired | |
464 | |
465 This section describes the basic Dired commands to operate on one file | |
466 or several files. All of these commands are capital letters; all of | |
467 them use the minibuffer, either to read an argument or to ask for | |
468 confirmation, before they act. All of them give you several ways to | |
469 specify which files to manipulate: | |
470 | |
471 @itemize @bullet | |
472 @item | |
473 If you give the command a numeric prefix argument @var{n}, it operates | |
474 on the next @var{n} files, starting with the current file. (If @var{n} | |
475 is negative, the command operates on the @minus{}@var{n} files preceding | |
476 the current line.) | |
477 | |
478 @item | |
479 Otherwise, if some files are marked with @samp{*}, the command operates | |
480 on all those files. | |
481 | |
482 @item | |
483 Otherwise, the command operates on the current file only. | |
484 @end itemize | |
485 | |
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486 @vindex dired-dwim-target |
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487 @cindex two directories (in Dired) |
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488 Commands which ask for a destination directory, such as those which |
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489 copy and rename files or create links for them, try to guess the default |
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490 target directory for the operation. Normally, they suggest the Dired |
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491 buffer's default directory, but if the variable @code{dired-dwim-target} |
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492 is non-@code{nil}, and if there is another Dired buffer displayed in the |
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493 next window, that other buffer's directory is suggested instead. |
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494 |
25829 | 495 Here are the file-manipulating commands that operate on files in this |
496 way. (Some other Dired commands, such as @kbd{!} and the @samp{%} | |
497 commands, also use these conventions to decide which files to work on.) | |
498 | |
499 @table @kbd | |
500 @findex dired-do-copy | |
501 @kindex C @r{(Dired)} | |
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502 @cindex copying files (in Dired) |
25829 | 503 @item C @var{new} @key{RET} |
504 Copy the specified files (@code{dired-do-copy}). The argument @var{new} | |
505 is the directory to copy into, or (if copying a single file) the new | |
506 name. | |
507 | |
508 @vindex dired-copy-preserve-time | |
509 If @code{dired-copy-preserve-time} is non-@code{nil}, then copying with | |
510 this command sets the modification time of the new file to be the same | |
511 as that of the old file. | |
512 | |
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513 @vindex dired-recursive-copies |
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514 The variable @code{dired-recursive-copies} controls whether |
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515 directories are copied recursively. The default is to not copy |
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516 recursively, which means that directories cannot be copied. |
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517 |
25829 | 518 @item D |
519 @findex dired-do-delete | |
520 @kindex D @r{(Dired)} | |
521 Delete the specified files (@code{dired-do-delete}). Like the other | |
522 commands in this section, this command operates on the @emph{marked} | |
523 files, or the next @var{n} files. By contrast, @kbd{x} | |
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524 (@code{dired-do-flagged-delete}) deletes all @dfn{flagged} files. |
25829 | 525 |
526 @findex dired-do-rename | |
527 @kindex R @r{(Dired)} | |
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528 @cindex renaming files (in Dired) |
25829 | 529 @item R @var{new} @key{RET} |
530 Rename the specified files (@code{dired-do-rename}). The argument | |
531 @var{new} is the directory to rename into, or (if renaming a single | |
532 file) the new name. | |
533 | |
534 Dired automatically changes the visited file name of buffers associated | |
535 with renamed files so that they refer to the new names. | |
536 | |
537 @findex dired-do-hardlink | |
538 @kindex H @r{(Dired)} | |
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539 @cindex hard links (in Dired) |
25829 | 540 @item H @var{new} @key{RET} |
541 Make hard links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-hardlink}). The | |
542 argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if making | |
543 just one link) the name to give the link. | |
544 | |
545 @findex dired-do-symlink | |
546 @kindex S @r{(Dired)} | |
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547 @cindex symlinks (in Dired) |
25829 | 548 @item S @var{new} @key{RET} |
549 Make symbolic links to the specified files (@code{dired-do-symlink}). | |
550 The argument @var{new} is the directory to make the links in, or (if | |
551 making just one link) the name to give the link. | |
552 | |
553 @findex dired-do-chmod | |
554 @kindex M @r{(Dired)} | |
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555 @cindex changing file permissions (in Dired) |
25829 | 556 @item M @var{modespec} @key{RET} |
557 Change the mode (also called ``permission bits'') of the specified files | |
558 (@code{dired-do-chmod}). This uses the @code{chmod} program, so | |
559 @var{modespec} can be any argument that @code{chmod} can handle. | |
560 | |
561 @findex dired-do-chgrp | |
562 @kindex G @r{(Dired)} | |
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563 @cindex changing file group (in Dired) |
25829 | 564 @item G @var{newgroup} @key{RET} |
565 Change the group of the specified files to @var{newgroup} | |
566 (@code{dired-do-chgrp}). | |
567 | |
568 @findex dired-do-chown | |
569 @kindex O @r{(Dired)} | |
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570 @cindex changing file owner (in Dired) |
25829 | 571 @item O @var{newowner} @key{RET} |
572 Change the owner of the specified files to @var{newowner} | |
573 (@code{dired-do-chown}). (On most systems, only the superuser can do | |
574 this.) | |
575 | |
576 @vindex dired-chown-program | |
577 The variable @code{dired-chown-program} specifies the name of the | |
578 program to use to do the work (different systems put @code{chown} in | |
579 different places). | |
580 | |
581 @findex dired-do-print | |
582 @kindex P @r{(Dired)} | |
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583 @cindex printing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 584 @item P @var{command} @key{RET} |
585 Print the specified files (@code{dired-do-print}). You must specify the | |
586 command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a | |
587 suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and | |
588 @code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses; | |
589 @pxref{Hardcopy}). | |
590 | |
591 @findex dired-do-compress | |
592 @kindex Z @r{(Dired)} | |
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593 @cindex compressing files (in Dired) |
25829 | 594 @item Z |
595 Compress the specified files (@code{dired-do-compress}). If the file | |
596 appears to be a compressed file already, it is uncompressed instead. | |
597 | |
598 @findex dired-do-load | |
599 @kindex L @r{(Dired)} | |
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600 @cindex loading several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 601 @item L |
602 Load the specified Emacs Lisp files (@code{dired-do-load}). | |
603 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
604 | |
605 @findex dired-do-byte-compile | |
606 @kindex B @r{(Dired)} | |
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607 @cindex byte-compiling several files (in Dired) |
25829 | 608 @item B |
609 Byte compile the specified Emacs Lisp files | |
610 (@code{dired-do-byte-compile}). @xref{Byte Compilation,, Byte | |
611 Compilation, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
612 | |
613 @kindex A @r{(Dired)} | |
614 @findex dired-do-search | |
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615 @cindex search multiple files (in Dired) |
25829 | 616 @item A @var{regexp} @key{RET} |
617 Search all the specified files for the regular expression @var{regexp} | |
618 (@code{dired-do-search}). | |
619 | |
620 This command is a variant of @code{tags-search}. The search stops at | |
621 the first match it finds; use @kbd{M-,} to resume the search and find | |
622 the next match. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
623 | |
624 @kindex Q @r{(Dired)} | |
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625 @findex dired-do-query-replace-regexp |
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626 @cindex search and replace in multiple files (in Dired) |
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627 @item Q @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} |
25829 | 628 Perform @code{query-replace-regexp} on each of the specified files, |
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629 replacing matches for @var{regexp} with the string |
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630 @var{to} (@code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp}). |
25829 | 631 |
632 This command is a variant of @code{tags-query-replace}. If you exit the | |
633 query replace loop, you can use @kbd{M-,} to resume the scan and replace | |
634 more matches. @xref{Tags Search}. | |
635 @end table | |
636 | |
637 @kindex + @r{(Dired)} | |
638 @findex dired-create-directory | |
639 One special file-operation command is @kbd{+} | |
640 (@code{dired-create-directory}). This command reads a directory name and | |
641 creates the directory if it does not already exist. | |
642 | |
643 @node Shell Commands in Dired | |
644 @section Shell Commands in Dired | |
645 @cindex shell commands, Dired | |
646 | |
647 @findex dired-do-shell-command | |
648 @kindex ! @r{(Dired)} | |
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649 @kindex X @r{(Dired)} |
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650 The Dired command @kbd{!} (@code{dired-do-shell-command}) reads a shell |
25829 | 651 command string in the minibuffer and runs that shell command on all the |
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652 specified files. @kbd{X} is a synonym for @kbd{!}. You can specify the |
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653 files to operate on in the usual ways for Dired commands |
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654 (@pxref{Operating on Files}). There are two ways of applying a shell |
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655 command to multiple files: |
25829 | 656 |
657 @itemize @bullet | |
658 @item | |
659 If you use @samp{*} in the shell command, then it runs just once, with | |
660 the list of file names substituted for the @samp{*}. The order of file | |
661 names is the order of appearance in the Dired buffer. | |
662 | |
663 Thus, @kbd{! tar cf foo.tar * @key{RET}} runs @code{tar} on the entire | |
664 list of file names, putting them into one tar file @file{foo.tar}. | |
665 | |
666 @item | |
667 If the command string doesn't contain @samp{*}, then it runs once | |
668 @emph{for each file}, with the file name added at the end. | |
669 | |
670 For example, @kbd{! uudecode @key{RET}} runs @code{uudecode} on each | |
671 file. | |
672 @end itemize | |
673 | |
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674 What if you want to run the shell command once for each file, with the |
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675 file name inserted in the middle? You can use @samp{?} in the command |
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676 instead of @samp{*}. The current file name is substituted for |
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677 @samp{?}. You can use @samp{?} more than once. For instance, here is |
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678 how to uuencode each file, making the output file name by appending |
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679 @samp{.uu} to the input file name: |
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680 |
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681 @example |
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682 uuencode ? ? > ?.uu |
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683 @end example |
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684 |
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685 To use the file names in a more complicated fashion, you can use a |
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686 shell loop. For example, this shell command is another way to |
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687 uuencode each file: |
25829 | 688 |
689 @example | |
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690 for file in *; do uuencode "$file" "$file" >"$file".uu; done |
25829 | 691 @end example |
692 | |
693 The working directory for the shell command is the top-level directory | |
694 of the Dired buffer. | |
695 | |
696 The @kbd{!} command does not attempt to update the Dired buffer to show | |
697 new or modified files, because it doesn't really understand shell | |
698 commands, and does not know what files the shell command changed. Use | |
699 the @kbd{g} command to update the Dired buffer (@pxref{Dired | |
700 Updating}). | |
701 | |
702 @node Transforming File Names | |
703 @section Transforming File Names in Dired | |
704 | |
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705 This section describes Dired commands which alter file names in a |
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706 systematic way. |
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707 |
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708 Like the basic Dired file-manipulation commands (@pxref{Operating on |
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709 Files}), the commands described here operate either on the next |
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710 @var{n} files, or on all files marked with @samp{*}, or on the current |
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711 file. (To mark files, use the commands described in @ref{Marks vs |
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712 Flags}.) |
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713 |
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714 All of the commands described in this section work |
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715 @emph{interactively}: they ask you to confirm the operation for each |
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716 candidate file. Thus, you can select more files than you actually |
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717 need to operate on (e.g., with a regexp that matches many files), and |
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718 then refine the selection by typing @kbd{y} or @kbd{n} when the |
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719 command prompts for confirmation. |
25829 | 720 |
721 @table @kbd | |
722 @findex dired-upcase | |
723 @kindex % u @r{(Dired)} | |
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724 @cindex upcase file names |
25829 | 725 @item % u |
726 Rename each of the selected files to an upper-case name | |
727 (@code{dired-upcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} | |
728 and @file{bar}, the new names are @file{FOO} and @file{BAR}. | |
729 | |
730 @item % l | |
731 @findex dired-downcase | |
732 @kindex % l @r{(Dired)} | |
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733 @cindex downcase file names |
25829 | 734 Rename each of the selected files to a lower-case name |
735 (@code{dired-downcase}). If the old file names are @file{Foo} and | |
736 @file{bar}, the new names are @file{foo} and @file{bar}. | |
737 | |
738 @item % R @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
739 @kindex % R @r{(Dired)} | |
740 @findex dired-do-rename-regexp | |
741 @itemx % C @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
742 @kindex % C @r{(Dired)} | |
743 @findex dired-do-copy-regexp | |
744 @itemx % H @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
745 @kindex % H @r{(Dired)} | |
746 @findex dired-do-hardlink-regexp | |
747 @itemx % S @var{from} @key{RET} @var{to} @key{RET} | |
748 @kindex % S @r{(Dired)} | |
749 @findex dired-do-symlink-regexp | |
750 These four commands rename, copy, make hard links and make soft links, | |
751 in each case computing the new name by regular-expression substitution | |
752 from the name of the old file. | |
753 @end table | |
754 | |
755 The four regular-expression substitution commands effectively perform | |
756 a search-and-replace on the selected file names in the Dired buffer. | |
757 They read two arguments: a regular expression @var{from}, and a | |
758 substitution pattern @var{to}. | |
759 | |
760 The commands match each ``old'' file name against the regular | |
761 expression @var{from}, and then replace the matching part with @var{to}. | |
762 You can use @samp{\&} and @samp{\@var{digit}} in @var{to} to refer to | |
763 all or part of what the pattern matched in the old file name, as in | |
764 @code{replace-regexp} (@pxref{Regexp Replace}). If the regular expression | |
765 matches more than once in a file name, only the first match is replaced. | |
766 | |
767 For example, @kbd{% R ^.*$ @key{RET} x-\& @key{RET}} renames each | |
768 selected file by prepending @samp{x-} to its name. The inverse of this, | |
769 removing @samp{x-} from the front of each file name, is also possible: | |
770 one method is @kbd{% R ^x-\(.*\)$ @key{RET} \1 @key{RET}}; another is | |
771 @kbd{% R ^x- @key{RET} @key{RET}}. (Use @samp{^} and @samp{$} to anchor | |
772 matches that should span the whole filename.) | |
773 | |
774 Normally, the replacement process does not consider the files' | |
775 directory names; it operates on the file name within the directory. If | |
776 you specify a numeric argument of zero, then replacement affects the | |
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777 entire absolute file name including directory name. (Non-zero |
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778 argument specifies the number of files to operate on.) |
25829 | 779 |
780 Often you will want to select the set of files to operate on using the | |
781 same @var{regexp} that you will use to operate on them. To do this, | |
782 mark those files with @kbd{% m @var{regexp} @key{RET}}, then use the | |
783 same regular expression in the command to operate on the files. To make | |
784 this easier, the @kbd{%} commands to operate on files use the last | |
785 regular expression specified in any @kbd{%} command as a default. | |
786 | |
787 @node Comparison in Dired | |
788 @section File Comparison with Dired | |
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789 @cindex file comparison (in Dired) |
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790 @cindex compare files (in Dired) |
25829 | 791 |
792 Here are two Dired commands that compare specified files using | |
793 @code{diff}. | |
794 | |
795 @table @kbd | |
796 @item = | |
797 @findex dired-diff | |
798 @kindex = @r{(Dired)} | |
799 Compare the current file (the file at point) with another file (the file | |
800 at the mark) using the @code{diff} program (@code{dired-diff}). The | |
801 file at the mark is the first argument of @code{diff}, and the file at | |
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802 point is the second argument. Use @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} |
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803 (@code{set-mark-command}) to set the mark at the first file's line |
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804 (@pxref{Setting Mark}), since @code{dired-diff} ignores the files marked |
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805 with the Dired's @kbd{m} command. |
25829 | 806 |
807 @findex dired-backup-diff | |
808 @kindex M-= @r{(Dired)} | |
809 @item M-= | |
810 Compare the current file with its latest backup file | |
811 (@code{dired-backup-diff}). If the current file is itself a backup, | |
812 compare it with the file it is a backup of; this way, you can compare | |
813 a file with any backup version of your choice. | |
814 | |
815 The backup file is the first file given to @code{diff}. | |
816 @end table | |
817 | |
818 @node Subdirectories in Dired | |
819 @section Subdirectories in Dired | |
820 @cindex subdirectories in Dired | |
821 @cindex expanding subdirectories in Dired | |
822 | |
823 A Dired buffer displays just one directory in the normal case; | |
824 but you can optionally include its subdirectories as well. | |
825 | |
826 The simplest way to include multiple directories in one Dired buffer is | |
827 to specify the options @samp{-lR} for running @code{ls}. (If you give a | |
828 numeric argument when you run Dired, then you can specify these options | |
829 in the minibuffer.) That produces a recursive directory listing showing | |
830 all subdirectories at all levels. | |
831 | |
832 But usually all the subdirectories are too many; usually you will | |
833 prefer to include specific subdirectories only. You can do this with | |
834 the @kbd{i} command: | |
835 | |
836 @table @kbd | |
837 @findex dired-maybe-insert-subdir | |
838 @kindex i @r{(Dired)} | |
839 @item i | |
840 @cindex inserted subdirectory (Dired) | |
841 @cindex in-situ subdirectory (Dired) | |
842 Insert the contents of a subdirectory later in the buffer. | |
843 @end table | |
844 | |
845 Use the @kbd{i} (@code{dired-maybe-insert-subdir}) command on a line | |
846 that describes a file which is a directory. It inserts the contents of | |
847 that directory into the same Dired buffer, and moves there. Inserted | |
848 subdirectory contents follow the top-level directory of the Dired | |
849 buffer, just as they do in @samp{ls -lR} output. | |
850 | |
851 If the subdirectory's contents are already present in the buffer, the | |
852 @kbd{i} command just moves to it. | |
853 | |
854 In either case, @kbd{i} sets the Emacs mark before moving, so @kbd{C-u | |
855 C-@key{SPC}} takes you back to the old position in the buffer (the line | |
856 describing that subdirectory). | |
857 | |
858 Use the @kbd{l} command (@code{dired-do-redisplay}) to update the | |
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859 subdirectory's contents. Use @kbd{C-u k} on the subdirectory header |
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860 line to delete the subdirectory. @xref{Dired Updating}. |
25829 | 861 |
862 @node Subdirectory Motion | |
863 @section Moving Over Subdirectories | |
864 | |
865 When a Dired buffer lists subdirectories, you can use the page motion | |
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866 commands @kbd{C-x [} and @kbd{C-x ]} to move by entire directories |
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867 (@pxref{Pages}). |
25829 | 868 |
869 @cindex header line (Dired) | |
870 @cindex directory header lines | |
871 The following commands move across, up and down in the tree of | |
872 directories within one Dired buffer. They move to @dfn{directory header | |
873 lines}, which are the lines that give a directory's name, at the | |
874 beginning of the directory's contents. | |
875 | |
876 @table @kbd | |
877 @findex dired-next-subdir | |
878 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Dired)} | |
879 @item C-M-n | |
880 Go to next subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
881 (@code{dired-next-subdir}). | |
882 | |
883 @findex dired-prev-subdir | |
884 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Dired)} | |
885 @item C-M-p | |
886 Go to previous subdirectory header line, regardless of level | |
887 (@code{dired-prev-subdir}). | |
888 | |
889 @findex dired-tree-up | |
890 @kindex C-M-u @r{(Dired)} | |
891 @item C-M-u | |
892 Go up to the parent directory's header line (@code{dired-tree-up}). | |
893 | |
894 @findex dired-tree-down | |
895 @kindex C-M-d @r{(Dired)} | |
896 @item C-M-d | |
897 Go down in the directory tree, to the first subdirectory's header line | |
898 (@code{dired-tree-down}). | |
899 | |
900 @findex dired-prev-dirline | |
901 @kindex < @r{(Dired)} | |
902 @item < | |
903 Move up to the previous directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
904 These lines are the ones that describe a directory as a file in its | |
905 parent directory. | |
906 | |
907 @findex dired-next-dirline | |
908 @kindex > @r{(Dired)} | |
909 @item > | |
910 Move down to the next directory-file line (@code{dired-prev-dirline}). | |
911 @end table | |
912 | |
913 @node Hiding Subdirectories | |
914 @section Hiding Subdirectories | |
915 | |
916 @cindex hiding in Dired (Dired) | |
917 @dfn{Hiding} a subdirectory means to make it invisible, except for its | |
918 header line, via selective display (@pxref{Selective Display}). | |
919 | |
920 @table @kbd | |
921 @item $ | |
922 @findex dired-hide-subdir | |
923 @kindex $ @r{(Dired)} | |
924 Hide or reveal the subdirectory that point is in, and move point to the | |
925 next subdirectory (@code{dired-hide-subdir}). A numeric argument serves | |
926 as a repeat count. | |
927 | |
928 @item M-$ | |
929 @findex dired-hide-all | |
930 @kindex M-$ @r{(Dired)} | |
931 Hide all subdirectories in this Dired buffer, leaving only their header | |
932 lines (@code{dired-hide-all}). Or, if any subdirectory is currently | |
933 hidden, make all subdirectories visible again. You can use this command | |
934 to get an overview in very deep directory trees or to move quickly to | |
935 subdirectories far away. | |
936 @end table | |
937 | |
938 Ordinary Dired commands never consider files inside a hidden | |
939 subdirectory. For example, the commands to operate on marked files | |
940 ignore files in hidden directories even if they are marked. Thus you | |
941 can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations | |
942 without having to remove the markers. | |
943 | |
944 The subdirectory hiding commands toggle; that is, they hide what was | |
945 visible, and show what was hidden. | |
946 | |
947 @node Dired Updating | |
948 @section Updating the Dired Buffer | |
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949 @cindex updating Dired buffer |
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950 @cindex refreshing displayed files |
25829 | 951 |
952 This section describes commands to update the Dired buffer to reflect | |
953 outside (non-Dired) changes in the directories and files, and to delete | |
954 part of the Dired buffer. | |
955 | |
956 @table @kbd | |
957 @item g | |
958 Update the entire contents of the Dired buffer (@code{revert-buffer}). | |
959 | |
960 @item l | |
961 Update the specified files (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). | |
962 | |
963 @item k | |
964 Delete the specified @emph{file lines}---not the files, just the lines | |
965 (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). | |
966 | |
967 @item s | |
968 Toggle between alphabetical order and date/time order | |
969 (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}). | |
970 | |
971 @item C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET} | |
972 Refresh the Dired buffer using @var{switches} as | |
973 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
974 @end table | |
975 | |
976 @kindex g @r{(Dired)} | |
977 @findex revert-buffer @r{(Dired)} | |
978 Type @kbd{g} (@code{revert-buffer}) to update the contents of the | |
979 Dired buffer, based on changes in the files and directories listed. | |
980 This preserves all marks except for those on files that have vanished. | |
981 Hidden subdirectories are updated but remain hidden. | |
982 | |
983 @kindex l @r{(Dired)} | |
984 @findex dired-do-redisplay | |
985 To update only some of the files, type @kbd{l} | |
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986 (@code{dired-do-redisplay}). Like the Dired file-operating commands, |
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987 this command operates on the next @var{n} files (or previous |
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988 @minus{}@var{n} files), or on the marked files if any, or on the |
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989 current file. Updating the files means reading their current status, |
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990 then updating their lines in the buffer to indicate that status. |
25829 | 991 |
992 If you use @kbd{l} on a subdirectory header line, it updates the | |
993 contents of the corresponding subdirectory. | |
994 | |
995 @kindex k @r{(Dired)} | |
996 @findex dired-do-kill-lines | |
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997 To delete the specified @emph{file lines} from the buffer---not |
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998 delete the files---type @kbd{k} (@code{dired-do-kill-lines}). Like |
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999 the file-operating commands, this command operates on the next @var{n} |
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1000 files, or on the marked files if any; but it does not operate on the |
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1001 current file as a last resort. |
25829 | 1002 |
1003 If you kill the line for a file that is a directory, the directory's | |
1004 contents are also deleted from the buffer. Typing @kbd{C-u k} on the | |
1005 header line for a subdirectory is another way to delete a subdirectory | |
1006 from the Dired buffer. | |
1007 | |
1008 The @kbd{g} command brings back any individual lines that you have | |
1009 killed in this way, but not subdirectories---you must use @kbd{i} to | |
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1010 reinsert a subdirectory. |
25829 | 1011 |
1012 @cindex Dired sorting | |
1013 @cindex sorting Dired buffer | |
1014 @kindex s @r{(Dired)} | |
1015 @findex dired-sort-toggle-or-edit | |
1016 The files in a Dired buffers are normally listed in alphabetical order | |
1017 by file names. Alternatively Dired can sort them by date/time. The | |
1018 Dired command @kbd{s} (@code{dired-sort-toggle-or-edit}) switches | |
1019 between these two sorting modes. The mode line in a Dired buffer | |
1020 indicates which way it is currently sorted---by name, or by date. | |
1021 | |
1022 @kbd{C-u s @var{switches} @key{RET}} lets you specify a new value for | |
1023 @code{dired-listing-switches}. | |
1024 | |
1025 @node Dired and Find | |
1026 @section Dired and @code{find} | |
1027 @cindex @code{find} and Dired | |
1028 | |
1029 You can select a set of files for display in a Dired buffer more | |
1030 flexibly by using the @code{find} utility to choose the files. | |
1031 | |
1032 @findex find-name-dired | |
1033 To search for files with names matching a wildcard pattern use | |
1034 @kbd{M-x find-name-dired}. It reads arguments @var{directory} and | |
1035 @var{pattern}, and chooses all the files in @var{directory} or its | |
1036 subdirectories whose individual names match @var{pattern}. | |
1037 | |
1038 The files thus chosen are displayed in a Dired buffer in which the | |
1039 ordinary Dired commands are available. | |
1040 | |
1041 @findex find-grep-dired | |
1042 If you want to test the contents of files, rather than their names, | |
1043 use @kbd{M-x find-grep-dired}. This command reads two minibuffer | |
1044 arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in | |
1045 @var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for | |
1046 @var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and | |
1047 @code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Compilation}. | |
1048 Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs. | |
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1049 (An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given |
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1050 regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.) |
25829 | 1051 |
1052 @findex find-dired | |
1053 The most general command in this series is @kbd{M-x find-dired}, which | |
1054 lets you specify any condition that @code{find} can test. It takes two | |
1055 minibuffer arguments, @var{directory} and @var{find-args}; it runs | |
1056 @code{find} in @var{directory}, passing @var{find-args} to tell | |
1057 @code{find} what condition to test. To use this command, you need to | |
1058 know how to use @code{find}. | |
1059 | |
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1060 @findex locate |
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1061 @findex locate-with-filter |
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1062 @cindex file database (locate) |
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1063 @vindex locate-command |
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1064 @kbd{M-x locate} provides a similar interface to the @code{locate} |
38156 | 1065 program. @kbd{M-x locate-with-filter} is similar, but keeps only lines |
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1066 matching a given regular expression. |
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1067 |
25829 | 1068 @vindex find-ls-option |
1069 The format of listing produced by these commands is controlled by the | |
1070 variable @code{find-ls-option}, whose default value specifies using | |
1071 options @samp{-ld} for @code{ls}. If your listings are corrupted, you | |
1072 may need to change the value of this variable. |