Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/eshell.texi @ 38212:6b14cc47a4f2
Major rewrite. Sections Tags, Emerge, Change Log and Authors
moved to maintaining.texi. Some sections reordered.
Node Misc for Programs moved to just before the language-specific sections.
New node Defuns contains an intro plus the old
Defuns node (now renamed Moving by Defuns)
as well as Imenu, Which Function, and a node
Left Margin Paren to explain the convention about this.
New node Parentheses now documents M-x check-parens.
It contains subnodes Expressions, Moving by Parens, and Matching.
Expressions and Moving by Parens contain the material
formerly in Lists and List Commands, but divided up differently.
The section Balanced Editing has been deleted.
Most of the C indentation customization (all except c-set-style),
has been replaced with a reference to the C Modes manual.
Documentation now is divided into three subsections.
Some rewrites in the Program Indent section about
C-u TAB and C-M-q.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 26 Jun 2001 13:43:32 +0000 |
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children | 1bcf7f390ca2 |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 |
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3 @c "@(#)$Name: $:$Id: eshell.texi,v 1.11 2001/04/19 15:07:55 gerd Exp $" |
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4 |
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5 @c Documentation for Eshell: The Emacs Shell. |
34304 | 6 @c Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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7 |
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8 @c This file is part of GNU Emacs |
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9 |
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10 @c GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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11 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the |
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12 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at |
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13 @c your option) any later version. |
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14 |
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15 @c GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
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16 @c WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warraonty of |
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17 @c MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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18 @c General Public License for more details. |
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19 |
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20 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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21 @c along with Eshell; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free |
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22 @c Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
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23 |
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24 @c %**start of header |
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25 @setfilename ../info/eshell |
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26 @settitle Eshell: The Emacs Shell |
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27 @c %**end of header |
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28 |
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29 @dircategory Emacs |
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30 @direntry |
33020 | 31 * Eshell: (eshell). A command shell implemented in Emacs Lisp. |
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32 @end direntry |
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33 @setchapternewpage on |
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34 |
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35 @ifinfo |
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36 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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37 |
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38 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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39 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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40 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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41 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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42 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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43 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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44 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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45 |
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46 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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47 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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48 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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49 |
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50 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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51 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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52 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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53 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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54 @end ifinfo |
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55 |
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56 @synindex vr fn |
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57 @c The titlepage section does not appear in the Info file. |
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58 @titlepage |
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59 @sp 4 |
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60 @c The title is printed in a large font. |
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61 @center @titlefont{User's Guide} |
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62 @sp |
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63 @center @titlefont{to} |
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64 @sp |
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65 @center @titlefont{Eshell: The Emacs Shell} |
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66 @ignore |
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67 @sp 2 |
33020 | 68 @center release 2.4 |
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69 @c -release- |
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70 @end ignore |
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71 @sp 3 |
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72 @center John Wiegley |
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73 @c -date- |
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74 |
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75 @c The following two commands start the copyright page for the printed |
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76 @c manual. This will not appear in the Info file. |
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77 @page |
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78 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
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79 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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80 |
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81 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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82 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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83 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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84 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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85 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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86 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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87 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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88 |
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89 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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90 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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91 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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92 |
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93 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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94 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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95 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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96 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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97 @end titlepage |
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98 |
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99 @contents |
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100 |
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101 @c ================================================================ |
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102 @c The real text starts here |
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103 @c ================================================================ |
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104 |
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105 @node Top, What is Eshell?, (dir), (dir) |
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106 @ifinfo |
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107 @top Eshell |
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108 |
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109 This manual documents Eshell, a shell-like command interpretor |
33020 | 110 implemented in Emacs Lisp. It invokes no external processes except for |
111 those requested by the user. It is intended to be a functional | |
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112 replacement for command shells such as @command{bash}, @command{zsh}, |
33020 | 113 @command{rc}, or @command{4dos}; since Emacs itself is capable of |
114 handling the sort of tasks accomplished by those tools. | |
115 @c This manual is updated to release 2.4 of Eshell. | |
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116 @end ifinfo |
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117 |
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118 @menu |
35588 | 119 * What is Eshell?:: A brief introduction to the Emacs Shell. |
120 * Installation:: For users of Emacs 20 and XEmacs. | |
121 * Command basics:: The basics of command usage. | |
122 * Commands:: | |
123 * Arguments:: | |
124 * Input/Output:: | |
125 * Process control:: | |
126 * Extension modules:: | |
127 * Extras and Goodies:: | |
128 * Bugs and ideas:: Known problems, and future ideas. | |
129 * Concept Index:: | |
130 * Function and Variable Index:: | |
131 * Key Index:: | |
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132 @end menu |
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133 |
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134 @node What is Eshell?, Installation, Top, Top |
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135 @chapter What is Eshell? |
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136 @cindex what is Eshell? |
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137 @cindex Eshell, what it is |
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138 |
33020 | 139 Eshell is a @dfn{command shell} written in Emacs Lisp. Everything it |
35588 | 140 does, it uses Emacs' facilities to do. This means that Eshell is as |
33020 | 141 portable as Emacs itself. It also means that cooperation with Lisp code |
142 is natural and seamless. | |
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143 |
33020 | 144 What is a command shell? To properly understand the role of a shell, |
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145 it's necessary to visualize what a computer does for you. Basically, a |
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146 computer is a tool; in order to use that tool, you must tell it what to |
36508 | 147 do---or give it ``commands.'' These commands take many forms, such as |
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148 clicking with a mouse on certain parts of the screen. But that is only |
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149 one form of command input. |
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150 |
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151 By far the most versatile way to express what you want the computer to |
36508 | 152 do is by using an abbreviated language called @dfn{script}. In |
153 script, instead of telling the computer, ``list my files, please'', | |
154 one writes a standard abbreviated command word---@samp{ls}. Typing | |
155 @samp{ls} in a command shell is a script way of telling the computer | |
156 to list your files.@footnote{This is comparable to viewing the | |
157 contents of a folder using a graphical display.} | |
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158 |
33020 | 159 The real flexibility of this approach is apparent only when you realize |
160 that there are many, many different ways to list files. Perhaps you | |
161 want them sorted by name, sorted by date, in reverse order, or grouped | |
162 by type. Most graphical browsers have simple ways to express this. But | |
163 what about showing only a few files, or only files that meet a certain | |
164 criteria? In very complex and specific situations, the request becomes | |
165 too difficult to express using a mouse or pointing device. It is just | |
166 these kinds of requests that are easily solved using a command shell. | |
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167 |
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168 For example, what if you want to list every Word file on your hard |
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169 drive, larger than 100 kilobytes in size, and which hasn't been looked |
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170 at in over six months? That is a good candidate list for deletion, when |
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171 you go to clean up your hard drive. But have you ever tried asking your |
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172 computer for such a list? There is no way to do it! At least, not |
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173 without using a command shell. |
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174 |
33020 | 175 The role of a command shell is to give you more control over what your |
176 computer does for you. Not everyone needs this amount of control, and | |
177 it does come at a cost: Learning the necessary script commands to | |
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178 express what you want done. A complicated query, such as the example |
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179 above, takes time to learn. But if you find yourself using your |
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180 computer frequently enough, it is more than worthwhile in the long run. |
33020 | 181 Any tool you use often deserves the time spent learning to master it. |
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182 @footnote{For the understandably curious, here is what that command |
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183 looks like: But don't let it fool you; once you know what's going on, |
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184 it's easier than it looks: @code{ls -lt **/*.doc(Lk+50aM+5)}.} |
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185 |
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186 As of Emacs 21, Eshell is part of the standard Emacs distribution. |
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187 |
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188 @menu |
33020 | 189 * Contributors to Eshell:: People who have helped out! |
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190 @end menu |
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191 |
33020 | 192 @node Contributors to Eshell, , What is Eshell?, What is Eshell? |
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193 @section Contributors to Eshell |
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194 @cindex contributors |
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195 @cindex authors |
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196 |
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197 Contributions to Eshell are welcome. I have limited time to work on |
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198 this project, but I will gladly add any code you contribute to me to |
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199 this package. |
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200 |
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201 The following persons have made contributions to Eshell. |
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202 |
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203 @itemize @bullet |
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204 @item |
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205 Eli Zaretskii made it possible for Eshell to run without requiring |
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206 asynchronous subprocess support. This is important for MS-DOS, which |
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207 does not have such support.@refill |
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208 |
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209 @item |
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210 Miles Bader contributed many fixes during the port to Emacs 21.@refill |
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211 |
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212 @item |
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213 Stefan Monnier fixed the things which bothered him, which of course made |
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214 things better for all.@refill |
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215 |
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216 @item |
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217 Gerd Moellmann also helped to contribute bug fixes during the initial |
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218 integration with Emacs 21.@refill |
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219 |
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220 @item |
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221 Alex Schroeder contributed code for interactively querying the user |
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222 before overwriting files.@refill |
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223 |
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224 @item |
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225 Sudish Joseph helped with some XEmacs compatibility issues.@refill |
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226 @end itemize |
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227 |
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228 Apart from these, a lot of people have sent suggestions, ideas, |
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229 requests, bug reports and encouragement. Thanks a lot! Without you |
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230 there would be no new releases of Eshell. |
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231 |
33020 | 232 @node Installation, Command basics, What is Eshell?, Top |
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233 @chapter Installation |
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234 @cindex installation |
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235 |
33020 | 236 As mentioned above, Eshell comes preinstalled as of Emacs 21. If you're |
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237 using Emacs 20.4 or later, or XEmacs 21, you can download the most |
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238 recent version of Eshell from |
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239 @url{http://www.gci-net.com/users/j/johnw/Emacs/eshell.tar.gz}. |
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240 |
33020 | 241 However, if you are using Emacs 21, you may skip this section. |
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242 |
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243 @section Short Form |
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244 |
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245 Here's exactly what to do, with no explanation why: |
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246 |
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247 @enumerate |
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248 @item |
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249 @samp{M-x load-file RET eshell-auto.el RET}. |
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250 |
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251 @item |
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252 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET}. |
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253 |
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254 @item |
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255 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET}. |
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256 |
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257 @item |
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258 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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259 |
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260 You should see a version banner displayed. |
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261 |
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262 @item |
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263 @samp{ls RET}. |
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264 |
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265 Confirm that you see a file listing. |
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266 |
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267 @item |
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268 @samp{eshell-test RET}. |
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269 |
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270 Confirm that everything runs correctly. Use @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug} if |
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271 not. |
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272 |
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273 @item |
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274 @samp{cd $@{dirname (locate-library "eshell-auto")@} RET}. |
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275 |
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276 @item |
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277 @samp{find-file Makefile RET}. |
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278 |
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279 @item |
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280 Edit the Makefile to reflect your site. |
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281 |
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282 @item |
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283 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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284 |
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285 @item |
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286 @samp{make install RET}. |
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287 |
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288 @item |
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289 @samp{find-file $user-init-file RET}. |
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290 |
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291 @item |
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292 Add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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293 |
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294 @example |
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295 (add-to-list 'load-path "<directory where you install Eshell>") |
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296 (load "eshell-auto") |
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297 @end example |
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298 |
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299 @item |
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300 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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301 |
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302 @item |
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303 @samp{customize-option #'eshell-modules-list RET}. |
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304 |
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305 @item |
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306 Select the extension modules you prefer. |
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307 |
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308 @item |
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309 Restart Emacs! |
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310 |
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311 @item |
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312 @samp{M-x info RET m Eshell RET}. |
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313 |
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314 Read the manual and enjoy! |
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315 @end enumerate |
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316 |
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317 @section Long Form |
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318 |
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319 @enumerate |
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320 @item |
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321 Before building and installing Eshell, it is important to test that it |
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322 will work properly on your system. To do this, first load the file |
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323 @file{eshell-auto}, which will define certain autoloads required to run |
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324 Eshell. This can be done using the command @kbd{M-x load-file}, and |
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325 then selecting the file @file{eshell-auto.el}. |
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326 |
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327 @item |
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328 In order for Emacs to find Eshell's files, the Eshell directory must be |
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329 added to the @code{load-path} variable. This can be done within Emacs by |
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330 typing: |
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331 |
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332 @example |
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333 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET |
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334 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET |
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335 @end example |
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336 |
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337 @item |
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338 Start Eshell from the distributed sources, using default settings, by |
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339 typing @kbd{M-x eshell}. |
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340 |
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341 @item |
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342 Verify that Eshell is functional by typing @command{ls} followed by |
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343 @key{RET}. You should have already seen a version banner announcing the |
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344 version number of this release, followed by a prompt. |
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345 |
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346 @item |
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347 Run the test suite by typing @command{eshell-test} followed by @key{RET} |
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348 in the Eshell buffer. It is important that Emacs be left alone while |
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349 the tests are running, since extraneous command input may cause some of |
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350 the tests to fail (they were never intended to run in the background). |
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351 If all of the tests pass, Eshell should work just fine on your system. |
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352 If any of the tests fail, please send e-mail to the Eshell maintainer |
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353 using the command @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug}. |
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354 |
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355 @item |
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356 Edit the file @file{Makefile} in the directory containing the Eshell |
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358 site. The only things you really have to change are the definitions of |
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359 @code{lispdir} and @code{infodir}. The elisp files will be copied to |
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360 @code{lispdir}, and the info file to @code{infodir}. |
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361 |
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362 @item |
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363 Type @kbd{make install} in the directory containing the Eshell sources. |
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364 This will byte-compile all of the @file{*.el} files and copy both the |
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365 source and compiled versions to the directories specified in the |
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366 previous step. It will also copy the info file, and add a corresponding |
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367 entry to your @file{dir} file----if the program @code{install-info} can |
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368 be found on your system. |
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369 |
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370 If you only want to create the compiled elisp files, but don't want to |
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371 install them, you can type just @kbd{make} instead. |
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372 |
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373 @item |
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374 Add the directory into which Eshell was installed to your |
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375 @code{load-path} variable. This can be done by adding the following |
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376 line to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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377 |
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378 @example |
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379 (add-to-list 'load-path "/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/eshell") |
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380 @end example |
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381 |
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382 The actual directory on your system may differ. |
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383 |
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384 @item |
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385 To install Eshell privately, edit your @file{.emacs} file; to install |
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386 Eshell site-wide, edit the file @file{site-start.el} in your |
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387 @file{site-lisp} directory (usually |
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388 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp} or something similar). In |
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389 either case enter the following line into the appropriate file: |
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390 |
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391 @example |
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392 (load "eshell-auto") |
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393 @end example |
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394 |
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395 @item |
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396 Restart Emacs. After restarting, customize the variable |
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397 @code{eshell-modules-list}. This variable selects which Eshell |
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398 extension modules you want to use. You will find documentation on each |
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399 of those modules in the Info manual. |
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400 @end enumerate |
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401 |
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402 @cindex documentation, printed version |
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403 @cindex printed version of documentation |
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404 If you have @TeX{} installed at your site, you can make a typeset manual |
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405 from @file{eshell.texi}. |
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406 |
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407 @enumerate |
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408 @item |
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409 Run @TeX{} by typing @kbd{texi2dvi eshell.texi}. (With Emacs 21.1 or |
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410 later, typing @kbd{make eshell.dvi} in the @file{man/} subdirectory of |
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411 the Emacs source distribution will do that.) |
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412 |
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413 @item |
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414 Convert the resulting device independent file @file{eshell.dvi} to a |
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415 form which your printer can output and print it. If you have a |
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416 postscript printer, there is a program, @code{dvi2ps}, which does that; there |
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417 is also a program which comes together with @TeX{}, @code{dvips}, which |
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418 you can use. For other printers, use a suitable DVI driver, |
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419 e.g., @code{dvilj4} for LaserJet-compatible printers. |
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420 @end enumerate |
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421 |
35588 | 422 @node Command basics, Commands, Installation, Top |
423 @chapter Basic overview | |
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424 |
35588 | 425 A command shell is a means of entering verbally-formed commands. This |
426 is really all that it does, and every feature described in this manual | |
427 is a means to that end. Therefore, it's important to take firm hold on | |
428 exactly what a command is, and how it fits in the overall picture of | |
429 things. | |
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430 |
33020 | 431 @menu |
432 * Commands verbs:: Commands always begin with a verb. | |
433 * Command arguments:: Some verbs require arguments. | |
434 @end menu | |
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435 |
33020 | 436 @node Commands verbs, Command arguments, Command basics, Command basics |
437 @section Commands verbs | |
438 | |
439 Commands are expressed using @dfn{script}, a special shorthand language | |
35588 | 440 computers can understand with no trouble. Script is an extremely simple |
441 language; oddly enough, this is what makes it look so complicated! | |
442 Whereas normal languages use a variety of embellishments, the form of a | |
443 script command is always: | |
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444 |
33020 | 445 @example |
36508 | 446 @var{verb} [@var{arguments}] |
33020 | 447 @end example |
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448 |
33020 | 449 The verb expresses what you want your computer to do. There are a fixed |
450 number of verbs, although this number is usually quite large. On the | |
451 author's computer, it reaches almost 1400 in number. But of course, | |
452 only a handful of these are really necessary. | |
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453 |
33020 | 454 Sometimes, the verb is all that's written. A verb is always a single |
35588 | 455 word, usually related to the task it performs. @command{reboot} is a |
36508 | 456 good example. Entering that on GNU/Linux will reboot the |
457 computer---assuming you have sufficient privileges. | |
33020 | 458 |
35588 | 459 Other verbs require more information. These are usually very capable |
460 verbs, and must be told specifically what to do. The extra information | |
461 is given in the form of @dfn{arguments}. For example, the | |
462 @command{echo} verb prints back whatever arguments you type. It | |
463 requires these arguments to know what to echo. A proper use of | |
33020 | 464 @command{echo} looks like this: |
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465 |
33020 | 466 @example |
36508 | 467 echo This is an example of using echo! |
33020 | 468 @end example |
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469 |
35588 | 470 This script command causes the computer to echo back: ``This is an |
36508 | 471 example of using echo!'' |
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472 |
35588 | 473 Although command verbs are always simple words, like @command{reboot} or |
474 @command{echo}, arguments may have a wide variety of forms. There are | |
475 textual arguments, numerical arguments---even Lisp arguments. | |
476 Distinguishing these different types of arguments requires special | |
477 typing, for the computer to know exactly what you mean. | |
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478 |
33020 | 479 @node Command arguments, , Commands verbs, Command basics |
480 @section Command arguments | |
481 | |
35588 | 482 Eshell recognizes several different kinds of command arguments: |
483 | |
484 @enumerate | |
485 @item Strings (also called textual arguments) | |
486 @item Numbers (floating point or integer) | |
487 @item Lisp lists | |
488 @item Lisp symbols | |
489 @item Emacs buffers | |
490 @item Emacs process handles | |
491 @end enumerate | |
492 | |
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493 Most users need to worry only about the first two. The third, Lisp lists, |
35588 | 494 occur very frequently, but almost always behind the scenes. |
495 | |
496 Strings are the most common type of argument, and consist of nearly any | |
497 character. Special characters---those used by Eshell | |
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498 specifically---must be preceded by a backslash (@samp{\}). When in doubt, it |
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499 is safe to add backslashes anywhere and everywhere. |
35588 | 500 |
501 Here is a more complicated @command{echo} example: | |
502 | |
503 @example | |
36508 | 504 echo A\ Multi-word\ Argument\ With\ A\ \$\ dollar |
35588 | 505 @end example |
506 | |
507 Beyond this, things get a bit more complicated. While not beyond the | |
508 reach of someone wishing to learn, it is definitely beyond the scope of | |
509 this manual to present it all in a simplistic manner. Get comfortable | |
510 with Eshell as a basic command invocation tool, and learn more about the | |
511 commands on your system; then come back when it all sits more familiarly | |
512 on your mind. Have fun! | |
513 | |
514 @node Commands, Arguments, Command basics, Top | |
515 @chapter Commands | |
516 | |
517 @menu | |
518 * Invocation:: | |
519 * Completion:: | |
520 * Aliases:: | |
521 * History:: | |
522 * Scripts:: | |
523 @end menu | |
524 | |
37283 | 525 Essentially, a command shell is all about invoking commands---and |
526 everything that entails. So understanding how Eshell invokes commands | |
527 is the key to comprehending how it all works. | |
528 | |
35588 | 529 @node Invocation, Completion, Commands, Commands |
530 @section Invocation | |
531 | |
37283 | 532 Unlike regular system shells, Eshell never invokes kernel functions |
533 directly, such as @code{exec(3)}. Instead, it uses the Lisp functions | |
534 available in the Emacs Lisp library. It does this by transforming the | |
535 command you specify into a callable Lisp form.@footnote{To see the Lisp | |
536 form that will be invoked, type: @samp{eshell-parse-command "echo | |
537 hello"}} | |
538 | |
539 This transformation, from the string of text typed at the command | |
540 prompt, to the ultimate invocation of either a Lisp function or external | |
541 command, follows these steps: | |
542 | |
543 @enumerate | |
544 @item Parse the command string into separate arguments. | |
545 @item | |
546 @end enumerate | |
547 | |
35588 | 548 @node Completion, Aliases, Invocation, Commands |
549 @section Completion | |
550 | |
551 @node Aliases, History, Completion, Commands | |
552 @section Aliases | |
553 | |
554 @node History, Scripts, Aliases, Commands | |
555 @section History | |
556 | |
557 @node Scripts, , History, Commands | |
558 @section Scripts | |
559 | |
560 | |
561 @node Arguments, Input/Output, Commands, Top | |
562 @chapter Arguments | |
563 | |
564 @menu | |
565 * The Parser:: | |
566 * Variables:: | |
567 * Substitution:: | |
568 * Globbing:: | |
569 * Predicates:: | |
570 @end menu | |
571 | |
572 @node The Parser, Variables, Arguments, Arguments | |
573 @section The Parser | |
574 | |
575 @node Variables, Substitution, The Parser, Arguments | |
576 @section Variables | |
577 | |
578 @node Substitution, Globbing, Variables, Arguments | |
579 @section Substitution | |
580 | |
581 @node Globbing, Predicates, Substitution, Arguments | |
582 @section Globbing | |
583 | |
584 @node Predicates, , Globbing, Arguments | |
585 @section Predicates | |
586 | |
587 | |
588 @node Input/Output, Process control, Arguments, Top | |
589 @chapter Input/Output | |
590 | |
591 @node Process control, Extension modules, Input/Output, Top | |
592 @chapter Process control | |
593 | |
594 | |
595 @node Extension modules, Extras and Goodies, Process control, Top | |
596 @chapter Extension modules | |
597 | |
598 @menu | |
599 * Writing a module:: | |
600 * Module testing:: | |
601 * Directory handling:: | |
602 * Key rebinding:: | |
603 * Smart scrolling:: | |
604 * Terminal emulation:: | |
605 * Built-in UNIX commands:: | |
606 @end menu | |
607 | |
608 @node Writing a module, Module testing, Extension modules, Extension modules | |
609 @section Writing a module | |
610 | |
611 @node Module testing, Directory handling, Writing a module, Extension modules | |
612 @section Module testing | |
613 | |
614 @node Directory handling, Key rebinding, Module testing, Extension modules | |
615 @section Directory handling | |
616 | |
617 @node Key rebinding, Smart scrolling, Directory handling, Extension modules | |
618 @section Key rebinding | |
619 | |
620 @node Smart scrolling, Terminal emulation, Key rebinding, Extension modules | |
621 @section Smart scrolling | |
622 | |
623 @node Terminal emulation, Built-in UNIX commands, Smart scrolling, Extension modules | |
624 @section Terminal emulation | |
625 | |
626 @node Built-in UNIX commands, , Terminal emulation, Extension modules | |
627 @section Built-in UNIX commands | |
628 | |
629 | |
630 @node Extras and Goodies, Bugs and ideas, Extension modules, Top | |
631 @chapter Extras and Goodies | |
632 | |
633 @node Bugs and ideas, Concept Index, Extras and Goodies, Top | |
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634 @chapter Bugs and ideas |
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635 @cindex reporting bugs and ideas |
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636 @cindex bugs, how to report them |
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637 @cindex author, how to reach |
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638 @cindex email to the author |
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639 @cindex FAQ |
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640 @cindex problems, list of common |
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641 |
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642 If you find a bug or misfeature, don't hesitate to let me know! Send |
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643 email to @email{johnw@@gnu.org}. Feature requests should also be sent |
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644 there. I prefer discussing one thing at a time. If you find several |
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645 unrelated bugs, please report them separately. |
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646 |
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647 If you have ideas for improvements, or if you have written some |
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648 extensions to this package, I would like to hear from you. I hope you |
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649 find this package useful! |
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650 |
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651 @menu |
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652 * Known problems:: |
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653 @end menu |
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654 |
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655 @node Known problems, , Bugs and ideas, Bugs and ideas |
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656 @section Known problems |
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657 @cindex known bugs |
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658 @cindex bugs, known |
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659 |
35588 | 660 Below is complete list of known problems with Eshell version 2.4.1, |
661 which is the version included with Emacs 21.1. | |
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662 |
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663 @table @asis |
33020 | 664 @item Differentiate between aliases and functions |
665 | |
666 Allow for a bash-compatible syntax, such as: | |
667 | |
668 @example | |
669 alias arg=blah | |
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670 function arg () @{ blah $* @} |
33020 | 671 @end example |
672 | |
673 @item @samp{for i in 1 2 3 @{ grep -q a b && *echo has it @} | wc -l} outputs result after prompt | |
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674 |
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675 In fact, piping to a process from a looping construct doesn't work in |
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676 general. If I change the call to @code{eshell-copy-handles} in |
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677 @code{eshell-rewrite-for-command} to use @code{eshell-protect}, it seems |
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678 to work, but the output occurs after the prompt is displayed. The whole |
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679 structured command thing is too complicated at present. |
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680 |
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681 @item Error with @command{bc} in @code{eshell-test} |
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682 |
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683 On some XEmacs system, the subprocess interaction test fails |
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684 inexplicably, although @command{bc} works fine at the command prompt. |
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685 |
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686 @item Eshell does not delete @file{*Help*} buffers in XEmacs 21.1.8+ |
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687 |
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688 In XEmacs 21.1.8, the @file{*Help*} buffer has been renamed such that |
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689 multiple instances of the @file{*Help*} buffer can exist. |
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690 |
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691 @item Pcomplete sometimes gets stuck |
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692 |
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693 You press @key{TAB}, but no completions appear, even though the |
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694 directory has matching files. This behavior is rare. |
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695 |
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696 @item @samp{grep python $<rpm -qa>} doesn't work, but using @samp{*grep} does |
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697 |
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698 This happens because the @code{grep} Lisp function returns immediately, |
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699 and then the asynchronous @command{grep} process expects to examine the |
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700 temporary file, which has since been deleted. |
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701 |
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702 @item Problem with C-r repeating text |
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703 |
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704 If the text @emph{before point} reads "./run", and you type @kbd{C-r r u |
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705 n}, it will repeat the line for every character typed. |
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706 |
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707 @item Backspace doesn't scroll back after continuing (in smart mode) |
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708 |
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709 Hitting space during a process invocation, such as @command{make}, will |
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710 cause it to track the bottom of the output; but backspace no longer |
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711 scrolls back. |
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712 |
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713 @item It's not possible to fully @code{unload-feature} Eshell |
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714 |
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715 @item Menu support was removed, but never put back |
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716 |
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717 @item Using C-p and C-n with rebind gets into a locked state |
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718 |
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719 This happened a few times in Emacs 21, but has been unreproducable |
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720 since. |
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721 |
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722 @item If an interactive process is currently running, @kbd{M-!} doesn't work |
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723 |
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724 @item Use a timer instead of @code{sleep-for} when killing child processes |
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725 |
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726 @item Piping to a Lisp function is not supported |
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727 |
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728 Make it so that the Lisp command on the right of the pipe is repeatedly |
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729 called with the input strings as arguments. This will require changing |
33020 | 730 @code{eshell-do-pipeline} to handle non-process targets. |
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731 |
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732 @item Input redirection is not supported |
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733 |
33020 | 734 See the above entry. |
735 | |
35588 | 736 @item Problem running @command{less} without arguments on Windows |
33020 | 737 |
738 The result in the Eshell buffer is: | |
739 | |
740 @example | |
741 Spawning child process: invalid argument | |
742 @end example | |
743 | |
744 Also a new @command{less} buffer was created with nothing in it@dots{} | |
745 (presumably this holds the output of @command{less}). | |
746 | |
747 If @command{less.exe} is invoked from the Eshell command line, the | |
748 expected output is written to the buffer. | |
749 | |
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750 Note that this happens on NT-Emacs 20.6.1 on Windows 2000. The term.el |
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751 package and the supplied shell both use the @command{cmdproxy} program |
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752 for running shells. |
33020 | 753 |
754 @item Implement @samp{-r}, @samp{-n} and @samp{-s} switches for @command{cp} | |
755 | |
756 @item Make @kbd{M-5 M-x eshell} switch to ``*eshell<5>*'', creating if need be | |
757 | |
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758 @item @samp{mv @var{dir} @var{file}.tar} does not remove directories |
33020 | 759 |
760 This is because the tar option --remove-files doesn't do so. Should it | |
761 be Eshell's job? | |
762 | |
763 @item Bind @code{standard-output} and @code{standard-error} | |
764 | |
765 This would be so that if a Lisp function calls @code{print}, everything | |
766 will happen as it should (albeit slowly). | |
767 | |
768 @item When an extension module fails to load, @samp{cd /} gives a Lisp error | |
769 | |
770 @item If a globbing pattern returns one match, should it be a list? | |
771 | |
772 @item Make sure syntax table is correct in Eshell mode | |
773 | |
774 So that @kbd{M-DEL} acts in a predictable manner, etc. | |
775 | |
776 @item Allow all Eshell buffers to share the same history and list-dir | |
777 | |
778 @item There is a problem with script commands that output to @file{/dev/null} | |
779 | |
780 If a script file, somewhere in the middle, uses @samp{> /dev/null}, | |
781 output from all subsequent commands is swallowed. | |
782 | |
783 @item Split up parsing of text after @samp{$} in @file{esh-var.el} | |
784 | |
785 Make it similar to the way that @file{esh-arg.el} is structured. | |
786 Then add parsing of @samp{$[?\n]}. | |
787 | |
788 @item After pressing @kbd{M-RET}, redisplay before running the next command | |
789 | |
790 @item Argument predicates and modifiers should work anywhere in a path | |
791 | |
792 @example | |
793 /usr/local/src/editors/vim $ vi **/CVS(/)/Root(.) | |
794 Invalid regexp: "Unmatched ( or \\(" | |
795 @end example | |
796 | |
797 With @command{zsh}, the glob above expands to all files named | |
798 @file{Root} in directories named @file{CVS}. | |
799 | |
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800 @item Typing @samp{echo $@{locate locate@}/bin<TAB>} results in a Lisp error |
33020 | 801 |
802 Perhaps it should interpolate all permutations, and make that the | |
803 globbing result, since otherwise hitting return here will result in | |
804 ``(list of filenames)/bin'', which is never valuable. Thus, one could | |
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805 @command{cat} only C backup files by using @samp{ls $@{identity *.c@}~}. |
33020 | 806 In that case, having an alias command name @command{glob} for |
807 @command{identity} would be useful. | |
808 | |
809 @item Once symbolic mode is supported for @command{umask}, implement @command{chmod} in Lisp | |
810 | |
811 @item Create @code{eshell-expand-file-name} | |
812 | |
813 This would use a data table to transform things such as @samp{~+}, | |
814 @samp{...}, etc. | |
815 | |
816 @item Abstract @file{em-smart.el} into @file{smart-scroll.el} | |
817 | |
818 It only really needs: to be hooked onto the output filter and the | |
819 pre-command hook, and to have the input-end and input-start markers. | |
36508 | 820 And to know whether the last output group was ``successful.'' |
33020 | 821 |
822 @item Allow for fully persisting the state of Eshell | |
823 | |
824 This would include: variables, history, buffer, input, dir stack, etc. | |
825 | |
826 @item Implement D as an argument predicate | |
827 | |
828 It means that files beginning with a dot should be included in the | |
829 glob match. | |
830 | |
831 @item A comma in a predicate list should mean OR | |
832 | |
833 At the moment, this is not supported. | |
834 | |
835 @item Error if a glob doesn't expand due to a predicate | |
836 | |
837 An error should be generated only if @code{eshell-error-if-no-glob} is | |
838 non-nil. | |
839 | |
840 @item @samp{(+ RET SPC TAB} does not cause @code{indent-according-to-mode} to occur | |
841 | |
842 @item Create @code{eshell-auto-accumulate-list} | |
843 | |
844 This is a list of commands for which, if the user presses @kbd{RET}, the | |
845 text is staged as the next Eshell command, rather than being sent to the | |
846 current interactive process. | |
847 | |
848 @item Display file and line number if an error occurs in a script | |
849 | |
850 @item @command{wait} doesn't work with process ids at the moment | |
851 | |
852 @item Enable the direct-to-process input code in @file{em-term.el} | |
853 | |
854 @item Problem with repeating @samp{echo $@{find /tmp@}} | |
855 | |
856 With smart display active, if @kbd{RET} is held down, after a while it | |
857 can't keep up anymore and starts outputting blank lines. It only | |
858 happens if an asynchronous process is involved@dots{} | |
859 | |
860 I think the problem is that @code{eshell-send-input} is resetting the | |
861 input target location, so that if the asynchronous process is not done | |
862 by the time the next @kbd{RET} is received, the input processor thinks | |
863 that the input is meant for the process; which, when smart display is | |
864 enabled, will be the text of the last command line! That is a bug in | |
865 itself. | |
866 | |
867 In holding down @kbd{RET} while an asynchronous process is running, | |
868 there will be a point in between termination of the process, and the | |
869 running of @code{eshell-post-command-hook}, which would cause | |
870 @code{eshell-send-input} to call @code{eshell-copy-old-input}, and then | |
871 process that text as a command to be run after the process. Perhaps | |
872 there should be a way of killing pending input between the death of the | |
873 process, and the @code{post-command-hook}. | |
874 | |
875 @item Allow for a more aggressive smart display mode | |
876 | |
877 Perhaps toggled by a command, that makes each output block a smart | |
878 display block. | |
879 | |
880 @item Create more meta variables | |
881 | |
882 @table @samp | |
883 @item $! | |
884 The reason for the failure of the last disk command, or the text of the | |
885 last Lisp error. | |
886 | |
887 @item $= | |
888 A special associate array, which can take references of the form | |
889 @samp{$=[REGEXP]}. It indexes into the directory ring. | |
890 @end table | |
891 | |
892 @item Eshell scripts can't execute in the background | |
893 | |
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894 @item Support zsh's ``Parameter Expansion'' syntax, i.e. @samp{$@{@var{name}:-@var{val}@}} |
33020 | 895 |
896 @item Write an @command{info} alias that can take arguments | |
897 | |
898 So that the user can enter @samp{info chmod}, for example. | |
899 | |
900 @item Create a mode @code{eshell-browse} | |
901 | |
902 It would treat the Eshell buffer as a outline. Collapsing the outline | |
903 hides all of the output text. Collapsing again would show only the | |
904 first command run in each directory | |
905 | |
906 @item Allow other revisions of a file to be referenced using @samp{file@{rev@}} | |
907 | |
908 This would be expanded by @code{eshell-expand-file-name} (see above). | |
909 | |
910 @item Print ``You have new mail'' when the ``Mail'' icon is turned on | |
911 | |
912 @item Implement @kbd{M-|} for Eshell | |
913 | |
914 @item Implement input redirection | |
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915 |
33020 | 916 If it's a Lisp function, input redirection implies @command{xargs} (in a |
917 way@dots{}). If input redirection is added, also update the | |
918 @code{file-name-quote-list}, and the delimiter list. | |
919 | |
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920 @item Allow @samp{#<@var{word} @var{arg}>} as a generic syntax |
33020 | 921 |
922 With the handling of @emph{word} specified by an | |
923 @code{eshell-special-alist}. | |
924 | |
35588 | 925 @item In @code{eshell-veal-using-options}, allow a @code{:complete} tag |
33020 | 926 |
927 It would be used to provide completion rules for that command. Then the | |
928 macro will automagically define the completion function. | |
929 | |
930 @item For @code{eshell-command-on-region}, apply redirections to the result | |
931 | |
932 So that @samp{+ > 'blah} would cause the result of the @code{+} (using | |
933 input from the current region) to be inserting into the symbol | |
934 @code{blah}. | |
935 | |
936 If an external command is being invoked, the input is sent as standard | |
937 input, as if a @samp{cat <region> |} had been invoked. | |
938 | |
939 If a Lisp command, or an alias, is invoked, then if the line has no | |
940 newline characters, it is divided by whitespace and passed as arguments | |
941 to the Lisp function. Otherwise, it is divided at the newline | |
942 characters. Thus, invoking @code{+} on a series of numbers will add | |
943 them; @code{min} would display the smallest figure, etc. | |
944 | |
945 @item Write @code{eshell-script-mode} as a minor mode | |
946 | |
947 It would provide syntax, abbrev, highlighting and indenting support like | |
948 @code{emacs-lisp-mode} and @code{shell-mode}. | |
949 | |
950 @item In the history mechanism, finish the @command{bash}-style support | |
951 | |
952 This means @samp{!n}, @samp{!#}, @samp{!:%}, and @samp{!:1-} as separate | |
953 from @samp{!:1*}. | |
954 | |
955 @item Support the -n command line option for @command{history} | |
956 | |
957 @item Implement @command{fc} in Lisp | |
958 | |
959 @item Specifying a frame as a redirection target should imply the currently active window's buffer | |
960 | |
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961 @item Implement @samp{>@var{func-or-func-list}} |
33020 | 962 |
963 This would allow for an ``output translators'', that take a function to | |
964 modify output with, and a target. Devise a syntax that works well with | |
965 pipes, and can accomodate multiple functions (i.e., @samp{>'(upcase | |
966 regexp-quote)} or @samp{>'upcase}). | |
967 | |
968 @item Allow Eshell to read/write to/from standard input and output | |
969 | |
970 This would be optional, rather than always using the Eshell buffer. | |
971 This would allow it to be run from the command line (perhaps). | |
972 | |
973 @item Write a @command{help} command | |
974 | |
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975 It would call subcommands with @option{--help}, or @option{-h} or |
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976 @option{/?}, as appropriate. |
33020 | 977 |
978 @item Implement @command{stty} in Lisp | |
979 | |
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980 @item Support @command{rc}'s matching operator, e.g. @samp{~ (@var{list}) @var{regexp}} |
33020 | 981 |
982 @item Implement @command{bg} and @command{fg} as editors of @code{eshell-process-list} | |
983 | |
984 Using @command{bg} on a process that is already in the background does | |
985 nothing. Specifying redirection targets replaces (or adds) to the list | |
986 current being used. | |
987 | |
988 @item Have @command{jobs} print only the processes for the current shell | |
989 | |
990 @item How can Eshell learn if a background process has requested input? | |
991 | |
992 @item Support @samp{2>&1} and @samp{>&} and @samp{2>} and @samp{|&} | |
993 | |
994 The syntax table for parsing these should be customizable, such that the | |
995 user could change it to use rc syntax: @samp{>[2=1]}. | |
996 | |
997 @item Allow @samp{$_[-1]}, which would indicate the last element of the array | |
998 | |
999 @item Make @samp{$x[*]} equal to listing out the full contents of @samp{x} | |
1000 | |
1001 Return them as a list, so that @samp{$_[*]} is all the arguments of the | |
1002 last command. | |
1003 | |
1004 @item Copy ANSI code handling from @file{term.el} into @file{em-term.el} | |
1005 | |
1006 Make it possible for the user to send char-by-char to the underlying | |
1007 process. Ultimately, I should be able to move away from using term.el | |
1008 altogether, since everything but the ANSI code handling is already part | |
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1009 of Eshell. Then, things would work correctly on MS-Windows as well |
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1010 (which doesn't have @file{/bin/sh}, although @file{term.el} tries to use |
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1011 it). |
33020 | 1012 |
1013 @item Make the shell spawning commands be visual | |
1014 | |
1015 That is, make (@command{su}, @command{bash}, @command{telnet}, | |
1016 @command{rlogin}, @command{rsh}, etc.) be part of | |
1017 @code{eshell-visual-commands}. The only exception is if the shell is | |
1018 being used to invoke a single command. Then, the behavior should be | |
1019 based on what that command is. | |
1020 | |
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1021 @item Create a smart viewing command named @command{open} |
33020 | 1022 |
1023 This would search for some way to open its argument (similar to opening | |
1024 a file in the Windows Explorer). | |
1025 | |
1026 @item Alias @command{read} to be the same as @command{open}, only read-only | |
1027 | |
1028 @item Write a @command{tail} command which uses @code{view-file} | |
1029 | |
1030 It would move point to the end of the buffer, and then turns on | |
1031 auto-revert mode in that buffer at frequent intervals---and a | |
1032 @command{head} alias which assums an upper limit of | |
1033 @code{eshell-maximum-line-length} characters per line. | |
1034 | |
1035 @item Make @command{dgrep} load @code{dired}, mark everything, then invoke @code{dired-do-search} | |
1036 | |
35588 | 1037 @item Write mesh.c |
33020 | 1038 |
1039 This would run Emacs with the appropriate arguments to invoke Eshell | |
1040 only. That way, it could be listed as a login shell. | |
1041 | |
1042 @item Use an intangible @code{PS2} string for multi-line input prompts | |
1043 | |
1044 @item Auto-detect when a command is visual, by checking @code{TERMCAP} usage | |
1045 | |
1046 @item The first keypress after @kbd{M-x watson} triggers `eshell-send-input' | |
1047 | |
1048 @item Make @kbd{/} electric | |
1049 | |
1050 So that it automatically expands and corrects pathnames. Or make | |
1051 pathname completion for Pcomplete auto-expand @samp{/u/i/std<TAB>} to | |
1052 @samp{/usr/include/std<TAB>}. | |
1053 | |
1054 @item Write the @command{pushd} stack to disk along with @code{last-dir-ring} | |
1055 | |
1056 @item Add options to @code{eshell/cat} which would allow it to sort and uniq | |
1057 | |
1058 @item Implement @command{wc} in Lisp | |
1059 | |
1060 Add support for counting sentences, paragraphs, pages, etc. | |
1061 | |
1062 @item Once piping is added, implement @command{sort} and @command{uniq} in Lisp | |
1063 | |
1064 @item Implement @command{touch} in Lisp | |
1065 | |
1066 @item Implement @command{comm} in Lisp | |
1067 | |
1068 @item Implement an @command{epatch} command in Lisp | |
1069 | |
1070 This would call @code{ediff-patch-file}, or @code{ediff-patch-buffer}, | |
1071 depending on its argument. | |
1072 | |
1073 @item Have an option such that @samp{ls -l} generates a dired buffer | |
1074 | |
1075 @item Write a version of @command{xargs} based on command rewriting | |
1076 | |
1077 That is, @samp{find X | xargs Y} would be indicated using @samp{Y | |
1078 $@{find X@}}. Maybe @code{eshell-do-pipelines} could be changed to | |
1079 perform this on-thy-fly rewriting. | |
1080 | |
1081 @item Write an alias for @command{less} that brings up a @code{view-mode} buffer | |
1082 | |
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1083 Such that the user can press @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}, and then @key{q} |
33020 | 1084 to return to Eshell. It would be equivalent to: |
1085 @samp{X > #<buffer Y>; view-buffer #<buffer Y>}. | |
1086 | |
1087 @item Make @code{eshell-mode} as much a full citizen as @code{shell-mode} | |
1088 | |
1089 Everywhere in Emacs where @code{shell-mode} is specially noticed, add | |
1090 @code{eshell-mode} there. | |
1091 | |
1092 @item Permit the umask to be selectively set on a @command{cp} target | |
1093 | |
1094 @item Problem using @kbd{M-x eshell} after using @code{eshell-command} | |
1095 | |
1096 If the first thing that I do after entering Emacs is to run | |
1097 @code{eshell-command} and invoke @command{ls}, and then use @kbd{M-x | |
1098 eshell}, it doesn't display anything. | |
1099 | |
1100 @item @kbd{M-RET} during a long command (using smart display) doesn't work | |
1101 | |
1102 Since it keeps the cursor up where the command was invoked. | |
1103 | |
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1104 @end table |
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1105 |
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1106 @node Concept Index, Function and Variable Index, Bugs and ideas, Top |
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1107 @unnumbered Concept Index |
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1108 |
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1109 @printindex cp |
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1110 |
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1111 @node Function and Variable Index, Key Index, Concept Index, Top |
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1112 @unnumbered Function and Variable Index |
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1113 |
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1114 @printindex fn |
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1115 |
33020 | 1116 @node Key Index, , Function and Variable Index, Top |
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1117 @unnumbered Key Index |
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1118 |
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1119 @printindex ky |
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1120 @bye |