Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/frames.texi @ 38212:6b14cc47a4f2
Major rewrite. Sections Tags, Emerge, Change Log and Authors
moved to maintaining.texi. Some sections reordered.
Node Misc for Programs moved to just before the language-specific sections.
New node Defuns contains an intro plus the old
Defuns node (now renamed Moving by Defuns)
as well as Imenu, Which Function, and a node
Left Margin Paren to explain the convention about this.
New node Parentheses now documents M-x check-parens.
It contains subnodes Expressions, Moving by Parens, and Matching.
Expressions and Moving by Parens contain the material
formerly in Lists and List Commands, but divided up differently.
The section Balanced Editing has been deleted.
Most of the C indentation customization (all except c-set-style),
has been replaced with a reference to the C Modes manual.
Documentation now is divided into three subsections.
Some rewrites in the Program Indent section about
C-u TAB and C-M-q.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 26 Jun 2001 13:43:32 +0000 |
parents | a6d5498886e0 |
children | 80a860105400 |
rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 2000, 2001 |
28126 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Frames, International, Windows, Top | |
6 @chapter Frames and X Windows | |
7 @cindex frames | |
8 | |
9 When using the X Window System, you can create multiple windows at the | |
10 X level in a single Emacs session. Each X window that belongs to Emacs | |
11 displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or several Emacs windows. | |
12 A frame initially contains a single general-purpose Emacs window which | |
13 you can subdivide vertically or horizontally into smaller windows. A | |
14 frame normally contains its own echo area and minibuffer, but you can | |
15 make frames that don't have these---they use the echo area and | |
16 minibuffer of another frame. | |
17 | |
18 Editing you do in one frame also affects the other frames. For | |
19 instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it | |
20 in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame, | |
21 it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5 | |
37121 | 22 0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}). |
25829 | 23 |
24 To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the | |
25 subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a | |
26 frame. | |
27 | |
28 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some aspects of the window system | |
29 so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter. | |
30 @xref{MS-DOS Input}, for more information. | |
31 | |
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32 @cindex MS Windows |
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33 Emacs compiled for MS Windows mostly supports the same features as |
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34 under X. However, images, tool bars, and tooltips are not yet |
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35 available in Emacs version 21.1 on MS-Windows. |
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36 |
25829 | 37 @menu |
38 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. | |
39 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. | |
33920 | 40 * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections. |
25829 | 41 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. |
42 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
43 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
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44 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. |
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45 * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. |
25829 | 46 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. |
47 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
48 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
49 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
50 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. | |
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51 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. |
25829 | 52 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. |
31609 | 53 * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. |
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54 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. |
36185 | 55 * Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text. |
28124 | 56 * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. |
25829 | 57 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. |
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58 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator. |
25829 | 59 @end menu |
60 | |
61 @node Mouse Commands | |
62 @section Mouse Commands for Editing | |
63 @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) | |
64 | |
65 The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly | |
66 compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse | |
67 commands for copying between Emacs and other X client programs. | |
68 | |
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69 @kindex DELETE @r{(and mouse selection)} |
25829 | 70 If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then |
71 immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the | |
72 region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the | |
73 ASCII character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key | |
74 in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this. | |
75 | |
76 @findex mouse-set-region | |
77 @findex mouse-set-point | |
78 @findex mouse-yank-at-click | |
79 @findex mouse-save-then-click | |
80 @kindex Mouse-1 | |
81 @kindex Mouse-2 | |
82 @kindex Mouse-3 | |
83 @table @kbd | |
84 @item Mouse-1 | |
85 Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
86 This is normally the left button. | |
87 | |
88 @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
89 Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the | |
90 kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the | |
91 region with this single command. | |
92 | |
93 @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
94 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
95 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
96 back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
97 entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
98 on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
99 @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
100 | |
101 @item Mouse-2 | |
102 Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). | |
103 This is normally the middle button. | |
104 | |
105 @item Mouse-3 | |
106 This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions | |
107 depending on where you click and the status of the region. | |
108 | |
109 The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and | |
110 then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two | |
111 positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill | |
112 ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else. | |
113 | |
114 If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and | |
115 then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling | |
116 (where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the | |
117 other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that | |
118 doesn't fit entirely on the screen. | |
119 | |
120 More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
121 selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It | |
122 does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where | |
123 you click. | |
124 | |
125 If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before | |
126 by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region | |
127 by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also | |
128 replaces the old region's text in the kill ring. | |
129 | |
130 If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
131 @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words | |
132 or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by | |
133 entire words or lines. | |
134 | |
135 If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place, | |
136 that kills the region already selected. | |
137 | |
138 @item Double-Mouse-1 | |
139 This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you | |
140 click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C | |
141 mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character. | |
142 | |
143 If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis | |
38205 | 144 syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping |
25829 | 145 which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with |
146 string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it | |
147 sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure | |
148 out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it). | |
149 | |
150 @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
151 This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across. | |
152 | |
153 @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
154 This key sets the region around the line you click on. | |
155 | |
156 @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
157 This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across. | |
158 @end table | |
159 | |
160 The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
161 at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. | |
162 @xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it | |
163 from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the | |
164 text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. | |
165 | |
166 @vindex mouse-yank-at-point | |
167 To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there | |
168 and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if | |
169 @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at | |
170 point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the | |
171 frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This | |
172 variable also affects yanking the secondary selection. | |
173 | |
174 @cindex cutting and X | |
175 @cindex pasting and X | |
176 @cindex X cutting and pasting | |
177 To copy text to another X window, kill it or save it in the kill ring. | |
178 Under X, this also sets the @dfn{primary selection}. Then use the | |
179 ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the program operating the other window | |
180 to insert the text from the selection. | |
181 | |
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182 To copy text from another X window, use the ``cut'' or ``copy'' |
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183 command of the program operating the other window, to select the text |
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184 you want. Then yank it in Emacs with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}. |
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185 |
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186 The standard coding system for X selections is @code{compound-text}. |
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187 To specify another coding system for X selections, use @kbd{C-x |
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188 @key{RET} x} or @kbd{C-x @key{RET} X}. @xref{Specify Coding}. |
25829 | 189 |
190 These cutting and pasting commands also work on MS-Windows. | |
191 | |
192 @cindex primary selection | |
193 @cindex cut buffer | |
194 @cindex selection, primary | |
195 @vindex x-cut-buffer-max | |
196 When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the front | |
197 of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the X server. | |
198 This is how other X clients can access the text. Emacs also stores the | |
199 text in the cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough | |
37121 | 200 (the value of @code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of |
201 characters); putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow. | |
25829 | 202 |
203 The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check | |
204 first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check | |
205 for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text | |
206 to yank, the kill ring contents are used. | |
207 | |
208 @node Secondary Selection | |
209 @section Secondary Selection | |
210 @cindex secondary selection | |
211 | |
212 The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using | |
213 X. It does not use point or the mark, so you can use it to kill text | |
214 without setting point or the mark. | |
215 | |
216 @table @kbd | |
217 @findex mouse-set-secondary | |
218 @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
219 @item M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
220 Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press | |
221 down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it | |
222 (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as | |
37121 | 223 you drag. You can control the appearance of the highlighting by |
224 customizing the @code{secondary-selection} face (@pxref{Face | |
225 Customization}). | |
25829 | 226 |
227 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
228 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
229 back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit | |
230 entirely on the screen. | |
231 | |
232 @findex mouse-start-secondary | |
233 @kindex M-Mouse-1 | |
234 @item M-Mouse-1 | |
235 Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection} | |
236 (@code{mouse-start-secondary}). | |
237 | |
238 @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill | |
239 @kindex M-Mouse-3 | |
240 @item M-Mouse-3 | |
241 Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1} | |
242 as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). A second click | |
243 at the same place kills the secondary selection just made. | |
244 | |
245 @findex mouse-yank-secondary | |
246 @kindex M-Mouse-2 | |
247 @item M-Mouse-2 | |
248 Insert the secondary selection where you click | |
249 (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the | |
250 yanked text. | |
251 @end table | |
252 | |
253 Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and | |
254 lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}. | |
255 | |
256 If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2} | |
257 yanks at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click; all | |
258 that matters is which window you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
259 | |
33920 | 260 @node Clipboard |
261 @section Using the Clipboard | |
262 @cindex X clipboard | |
263 @cindex clipboard | |
264 @vindex x-select-enable-clipboard | |
265 @findex menu-bar-enable-clipboard | |
266 @cindex OpenWindows | |
267 @cindex Gnome | |
268 | |
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269 As well as the primary and secondary selection types, X supports a |
33920 | 270 @dfn{clipboard} selection type which is used by some applications, |
271 particularly under OpenWindows and Gnome. | |
272 | |
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273 The command @kbd{M-x menu-bar-enable-clipboard} makes the @code{Cut}, |
33920 | 274 @code{Paste} and @code{Copy} menu items, as well as the keys of the same |
275 names, all use the clipboard. | |
276 | |
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277 You can customize the option @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to make |
33920 | 278 the Emacs yank functions consult the clipboard before the primary |
279 selection, and to make the kill functions to store in the clipboard as | |
280 well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not access the | |
281 clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on MS-Windows, | |
282 unlike most systems. | |
283 | |
25829 | 284 @node Mouse References |
285 @section Following References with the Mouse | |
286 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)} | |
287 | |
288 Some Emacs buffers display lists of various sorts. These include | |
289 lists of files, of buffers, of possible completions, of matches for | |
290 a pattern, and so on. | |
291 | |
292 Since yanking text into these buffers is not very useful, most of them | |
293 define @kbd{Mouse-2} specially, as a command to use or view the item you | |
294 click on. | |
295 | |
296 For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file name in a Dired | |
297 buffer, you visit that file. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error | |
298 message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, you go to the source code | |
299 for that error message. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in | |
300 the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you choose that completion. | |
301 | |
302 You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-2} has this special sort of | |
303 meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you move the mouse | |
304 over it. | |
305 | |
306 @node Menu Mouse Clicks | |
307 @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
308 | |
309 Mouse clicks modified with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} keys | |
310 bring up menus. | |
311 | |
312 @table @kbd | |
313 @item C-Mouse-1 | |
30872 | 314 @kindex C-Mouse-1 |
25829 | 315 This menu is for selecting a buffer. |
316 | |
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317 The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this |
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318 menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}. |
30872 | 319 |
25829 | 320 @item C-Mouse-2 |
30872 | 321 @kindex C-Mouse-2 |
25829 | 322 This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties |
323 for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
324 | |
325 @item C-Mouse-3 | |
30872 | 326 @kindex C-Mouse-3 |
327 This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on, this | |
328 menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus put | |
329 together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this | |
330 button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific | |
331 menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep | |
332 @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision to | |
333 use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu.} If Menu-bar mode is off, this menu | |
334 contains all the items which would be present in the menu bar---not just | |
335 the mode-specific ones---so that you can access them without having to | |
336 display the menu bar. | |
25829 | 337 |
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338 @item S-Mouse-1 |
25829 | 339 This menu is for specifying the frame's principal font. |
340 @end table | |
341 | |
342 @node Mode Line Mouse | |
343 @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
30872 | 344 @cindex mode line, mouse |
345 @cindex mouse on mode line | |
25829 | 346 |
347 You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
348 windows. | |
349 | |
350 @table @kbd | |
351 @item Mouse-1 | |
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352 @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)} |
25829 | 353 @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window above. By dragging |
354 @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus changing the | |
355 height of the windows above and below. | |
356 | |
357 @item Mouse-2 | |
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358 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} |
25829 | 359 @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. |
360 | |
361 @item Mouse-3 | |
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362 @kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)} |
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363 @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window above. If the frame has |
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364 only one window, it buries the current buffer instead and switches to |
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365 another buffer. |
25829 | 366 |
367 @item C-Mouse-2 | |
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368 @kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} |
25829 | 369 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above |
370 horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click. | |
371 @end table | |
372 | |
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373 @kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)} |
25829 | 374 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window |
37121 | 375 vertically, unless you are using an X toolkit's implementation of |
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376 scroll bars. @xref{Split Window}. |
25829 | 377 |
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378 The commands above apply to areas of the mode line which do not have |
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379 special mouse bindings of their own. Some areas, such as the buffer |
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380 name and the major mode name, have their own special mouse bindings. |
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381 Emacs displays information about these bindings when you hold the |
37121 | 382 mouse over such a place (@pxref{Tooltips}). |
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383 |
25829 | 384 @node Creating Frames |
385 @section Creating Frames | |
386 @cindex creating frames | |
387 | |
388 @kindex C-x 5 | |
389 The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel | |
390 subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new | |
391 frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop | |
392 Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays | |
393 the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after | |
394 raising or deiconifying as necessary. | |
395 | |
396 The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
397 buffer to select: | |
398 | |
399 @table @kbd | |
400 @item C-x 5 2 | |
401 @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
402 @findex make-frame-command | |
403 Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
404 @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
405 Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
406 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
407 @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
408 Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
409 runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
410 @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
411 Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
412 This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
413 @item C-x 5 m | |
414 Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
415 @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
416 @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
417 @item C-x 5 . | |
418 Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
419 @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
420 @xref{Tags}. | |
421 @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
422 @kindex C-x 5 r | |
423 @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
424 Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
425 frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
426 @xref{Visiting}. | |
427 @end table | |
428 | |
429 @cindex default-frame-alist | |
430 @cindex initial-frame-alist | |
431 You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the | |
432 frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the | |
433 variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect | |
434 only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs | |
435 Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information. | |
436 | |
437 @cindex font (default) | |
438 The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs | |
439 frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by | |
440 modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font} | |
441 parameter, as shown here: | |
442 | |
443 @example | |
444 (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20")) | |
445 @end example | |
446 | |
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447 @node Frame Commands |
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448 @section Frame Commands |
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449 |
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450 The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames: |
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451 |
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452 @table @kbd |
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453 @item C-z |
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454 @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} |
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455 @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame |
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456 Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). |
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457 The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under a |
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458 window system, so it has a different binding in that case. |
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459 |
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460 If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame. |
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461 |
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462 @item C-x 5 0 |
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463 @kindex C-x 5 0 |
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464 @findex delete-frame |
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465 Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if |
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466 there is only one frame. |
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467 |
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468 @item C-x 5 o |
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469 @kindex C-x 5 o |
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470 @findex other-frame |
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471 Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it |
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472 stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the |
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473 frames on your terminal. |
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474 |
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475 @item C-x 5 1 |
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476 @kindex C-x 5 1 |
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477 @findex delete-other-frames |
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478 Delete all frames except the selected one. |
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479 @end table |
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480 |
25829 | 481 @node Speedbar |
482 @section Making and Using a Speedbar Frame | |
483 @cindex speedbar | |
484 | |
485 An Emacs frame can have a @dfn{speedbar}, which is a vertical window | |
486 that serves as a scrollable menu of files you could visit and tags | |
487 within those files. To create a speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}; this | |
488 creates a speedbar window for the selected frame. From then on, you can | |
489 click on a file name in the speedbar to visit that file in the | |
490 corresponding Emacs frame, or click on a tag name to jump to that tag in | |
491 the Emacs frame. | |
492 | |
493 Initially the speedbar lists the immediate contents of the current | |
494 directory, one file per line. Each line also has a box, @samp{[+]} or | |
495 @samp{<+>}, that you can click on with @kbd{Mouse-2} to ``open up'' the | |
496 contents of that item. If the line names a directory, opening it adds | |
497 the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
498 directory's own line. If the line lists an ordinary file, opening it up | |
499 adds a list of the tags in that file to the speedbar display. When a | |
500 file is opened up, the @samp{[+]} changes to @samp{[-]}; you can click | |
501 on that box to ``close up'' that file (hide its contents). | |
502 | |
503 Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
504 specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
505 select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
506 files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
507 clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
508 | |
509 A speedbar belongs to one Emacs frame, and always operates on that | |
510 frame. If you use multiple frames, you can make a speedbar for some or | |
511 all of the frames; type @kbd{M-x speedbar} in any given frame to make a | |
512 speedbar for it. | |
513 | |
514 @node Multiple Displays | |
515 @section Multiple Displays | |
516 @cindex multiple displays | |
517 | |
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518 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs |
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519 uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY} |
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520 environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial |
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521 Options}). To connect to another display, use the command |
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522 @code{make-frame-on-display}: |
25829 | 523 |
524 @findex make-frame-on-display | |
525 @table @kbd | |
526 @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
527 Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
528 @end table | |
529 | |
530 A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
531 frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
532 single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
533 screens as a single stream of input. | |
534 | |
535 When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
536 input stream for each server. This way, two users can type | |
537 simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their | |
538 input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you | |
539 enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame. | |
540 | |
541 Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different | |
542 displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful. | |
543 For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job | |
544 for all of them! | |
545 | |
546 @node Special Buffer Frames | |
547 @section Special Buffer Frames | |
548 | |
549 @vindex special-display-buffer-names | |
550 You can make certain chosen buffers, for which Emacs normally creates | |
551 a second window when you have just one window, appear in special frames | |
552 of their own. To do this, set the variable | |
553 @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any | |
554 buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame, | |
555 when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in another window.'' | |
556 | |
557 For example, if you set the variable this way, | |
558 | |
559 @example | |
560 (setq special-display-buffer-names | |
561 '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*")) | |
562 @end example | |
563 | |
564 @noindent | |
565 then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell | |
566 buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the | |
567 windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other | |
568 buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for, | |
569 unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its | |
570 frame automatically. | |
571 | |
572 @vindex special-display-regexps | |
573 More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list | |
574 of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name | |
575 matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only | |
576 to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a separate window.) | |
577 | |
578 @vindex special-display-frame-alist | |
579 The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame | |
580 parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need | |
581 to set it. | |
582 | |
583 For those who know Lisp, an element of | |
584 @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps} | |
585 can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or | |
586 regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the | |
587 frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter values; | |
588 these values take precedence over parameter values specified in | |
589 @code{special-display-frame-alist}. Alternatively, it can have this | |
590 form: | |
591 | |
592 @example | |
593 (@var{function} @var{args}...) | |
594 @end example | |
595 | |
596 @noindent | |
597 where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by | |
598 calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its | |
599 remaining arguments are @var{args}. | |
600 | |
601 An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be | |
602 displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The | |
603 same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature; | |
604 therefore, if you add a buffer name to | |
605 @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see | |
606 whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name. | |
607 | |
608 @node Frame Parameters | |
609 @section Setting Frame Parameters | |
610 @cindex colors | |
611 @cindex Auto-Raise mode | |
612 @cindex Auto-Lower mode | |
613 | |
614 This section describes commands for altering the display style and | |
615 window management behavior of the selected frame. | |
616 | |
617 @findex set-foreground-color | |
618 @findex set-background-color | |
619 @findex set-cursor-color | |
620 @findex set-mouse-color | |
621 @findex set-border-color | |
622 @findex auto-raise-mode | |
623 @findex auto-lower-mode | |
624 @table @kbd | |
625 @item M-x set-foreground-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
626 Specify color @var{color} for the foreground of the selected frame. | |
627 (This also changes the foreground color of the default face.) | |
628 | |
629 @item M-x set-background-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
630 Specify color @var{color} for the background of the selected frame. | |
631 (This also changes the background color of the default face.) | |
632 | |
633 @item M-x set-cursor-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
634 Specify color @var{color} for the cursor of the selected frame. | |
635 | |
636 @item M-x set-mouse-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
637 Specify color @var{color} for the mouse cursor when it is over the | |
638 selected frame. | |
639 | |
640 @item M-x set-border-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
641 Specify color @var{color} for the border of the selected frame. | |
642 | |
643 @item M-x list-colors-display | |
644 Display the defined color names and show what the colors look like. | |
645 This command is somewhat slow. | |
646 | |
647 @item M-x auto-raise-mode | |
648 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise | |
649 means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the | |
650 frame. | |
651 | |
652 Note that this auto-raise feature is implemented by Emacs itself. Some | |
653 window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable auto-raise for | |
654 Emacs frames in your X window manager, it should work, but it is beyond | |
655 Emacs's control and therefore @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect on | |
656 it. | |
657 | |
658 @item M-x auto-lower-mode | |
659 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower. | |
660 Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame, | |
661 the frame moves to the bottom of the stack of X windows. | |
662 | |
663 The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower | |
664 implemented by the X window manager. To control that, you must use | |
665 the appropriate window manager features. | |
666 | |
667 @findex set-frame-font | |
668 @item M-x set-frame-font @key{RET} @var{font} @key{RET} | |
669 @cindex font (principal) | |
670 Specify font @var{font} as the principal font for the selected frame. | |
671 The principal font controls several face attributes of the | |
672 @code{default} face (@pxref{Faces}). For example, if the principal font | |
673 has a height of 12 pt, all text will be drawn in 12 pt fonts, unless you | |
674 use another face that specifies a different height. @xref{Font X}, for | |
675 ways to list the available fonts on your system. | |
676 | |
677 @kindex S-Mouse-1 | |
678 You can also set a frame's principal font through a pop-up menu. | |
679 Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate this menu. | |
680 @end table | |
681 | |
682 In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and | |
683 font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they | |
684 are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of | |
685 the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources X}). | |
686 @xref{Colors X}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of | |
687 font. | |
688 | |
689 For information on frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame | |
690 Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
691 | |
692 @node Scroll Bars | |
693 @section Scroll Bars | |
694 @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
695 @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
696 | |
697 When using X, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at the left of | |
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698 each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more |
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699 useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.} |
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700 The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows a moving |
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701 rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the buffer |
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702 currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar represents the |
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703 entire length of the buffer. |
25829 | 704 |
705 You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll | |
706 bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the | |
707 top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to | |
708 the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer. | |
709 | |
710 The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled | |
711 increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at | |
712 the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
713 (normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window | |
714 down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same | |
715 place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over. | |
716 | |
34523 | 717 If you are using Emacs's own implementation of scroll bars, as opposed |
34444 | 718 to scroll bars from an X toolkit, you can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in |
719 the scroll bar to split a window vertically. The split occurs on the | |
720 line where you click. | |
25829 | 721 |
722 @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
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723 @vindex scroll-bar-mode |
25829 | 724 You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x |
725 scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll bars. | |
726 With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if the | |
727 argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, including | |
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728 frames yet to be created. Customize the option @code{scroll-bar-mode} |
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729 to control the use of scroll bars at startup. You can use it to specify |
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730 that they are placed at the right of windows if you prefer that. You |
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731 can use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial |
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732 setting of Scroll Bar mode similarly. @xref{Resources X}. |
25829 | 733 |
734 @findex toggle-scroll-bar | |
735 To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
736 @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar} command. | |
737 | |
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738 @vindex scroll-bar-width |
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739 @cindex width of the scroll bar |
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740 You can control the scroll bar width by changing the value of the |
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741 @code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter. |
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742 |
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743 @node Wheeled Mice |
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744 @section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice |
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745 |
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746 @cindex mouse wheel |
36864 | 747 @cindex wheel, mouse |
748 @findex mouse-wheel-mode | |
749 @cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode | |
750 @cindex mode, Mouse Wheel | |
751 Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can | |
752 usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or | |
753 @kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to | |
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754 scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands. |
36864 | 755 To do so, turn on Mouse Wheel global minor mode with the command |
756 @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode} or by customizing the option | |
757 @code{mouse-wheel-mode}. Support for the wheel depends on the system | |
758 generating appropriate events for Emacs. | |
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759 |
35875 | 760 @vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse |
761 @vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount | |
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762 The variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and |
35875 | 763 @code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much |
764 buffers are scrolled. | |
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765 |
25829 | 766 @node Menu Bars |
767 @section Menu Bars | |
768 @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
769 @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
770 | |
771 You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
31609 | 772 menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{menu-bar-mode}. |
773 With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a | |
25829 | 774 minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the |
775 argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use | |
776 the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of | |
31609 | 777 Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources X}. |
778 | |
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779 @kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)} |
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780 Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only |
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781 terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text. |
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782 If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents |
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783 with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports popup menus. |
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784 @xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}. |
25829 | 785 |
786 @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
787 menu bar. | |
788 | |
31609 | 789 @node Tool Bars |
790 @section Tool Bars | |
791 @cindex Tool Bar mode | |
792 @cindex mode, Tool Bar | |
34040 | 793 @cindex icons, tool bar |
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794 |
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795 The @dfn{tool bar} is a line (or multiple lines) of icons at the top |
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796 of the Emacs window. You can click on these icons with the mouse |
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797 to do various jobs. |
31609 | 798 |
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799 The global tool bar contains general commands. Some major modes |
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800 define their own tool bars to replace it. A few ``special'' modes |
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801 that are not designed for ordinary editing remove some items from the |
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802 global tool bar. |
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803 |
36408 | 804 Tool bars work only on a graphical display. The tool bar uses colored |
805 XPM icons if Emacs was built with XPM support. Otherwise, the tool | |
806 bar uses monochrome icons (PBM or XBM format). | |
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807 |
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808 You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x |
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809 tool-bar-mode}. |
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810 |
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811 @node Dialog Boxes |
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812 @section Using Dialog Boxes |
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813 @cindex dialog boxes |
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814 |
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815 @vindex use-dialog-box |
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816 A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no |
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817 question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a |
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818 dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to |
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819 invoke the command to begin with. |
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820 |
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821 You can customize the option @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress the |
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822 use of dialog boxes. This also controls whether to use file selection |
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823 windows (but those are not supported on all platforms). |
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824 |
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825 @node Tooltips |
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826 @section Tooltips (or ``Balloon Help'') |
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827 |
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828 @cindex balloon help |
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829 Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current |
28432 | 830 mouse position, typically over text---including the mode line---which |
831 can be activated with the mouse or other keys. (This facility is | |
36185 | 832 sometimes known as @dfn{balloon help}.) Help text may be available for |
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833 menu items too. |
28432 | 834 |
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835 @findex tooltip-mode |
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836 To use tooltips, enable Tooltip mode with the command @kbd{M-x |
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837 tooltip-mode}. The customization group @code{tooltip} controls |
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838 various aspects of how tooltips work. When Tooltip mode is disabled, |
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839 the help text is displayed in the echo area instead. |
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840 |
37121 | 841 As of Emacs 21.1, tooltips are not supported on MS-Windows. |
842 So help text always appears in the echo area. | |
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843 |
28124 | 844 @node Mouse Avoidance |
845 @section Mouse Avoidance | |
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846 @cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing |
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847 @cindex mouse avoidance |
28124 | 848 |
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849 @vindex mouse-avoidance-mode |
28124 | 850 Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the window system mouse pointer away from |
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851 point, to avoid obscuring text. Whenever it moves the mouse, it also |
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852 raises the frame. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, customize the option |
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853 @code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to |
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854 move the mouse in several ways: |
28124 | 855 |
856 @table @code | |
857 @item banish | |
858 Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any keypress; | |
859 @item exile | |
860 Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close, | |
861 and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way; | |
862 @item jump | |
863 If the cursor gets too close to the mouse, displace the mouse | |
864 a random distance & direction; | |
865 @item animate | |
866 As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion; | |
867 @item cat-and-mouse | |
868 The same as @code{animate}; | |
869 @item proteus | |
870 As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too. | |
871 @end table | |
872 | |
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873 @findex mouse-avoidance-mode |
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874 You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable |
28124 | 875 the mode. |
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876 |
25829 | 877 @node Non-Window Terminals |
878 @section Non-Window Terminals | |
879 @cindex non-window terminals | |
880 @cindex single-frame terminals | |
881 | |
882 If your terminal does not have a window system that Emacs supports, | |
883 then it can display only one Emacs frame at a time. However, you can | |
884 still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch between them. Switching | |
885 frames on these terminals is much like switching between different | |
886 window configurations. | |
887 | |
888 Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
889 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
890 the current frame. | |
891 | |
892 Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
893 display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
894 appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
895 @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
896 | |
897 @findex set-frame-name | |
898 @findex select-frame-by-name | |
899 @samp{F@var{n}} is actually the frame's name. You can also specify a | |
900 different name if you wish, and you can select a frame by its name. Use | |
901 the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to | |
902 specify a new name for the selected frame, and use @kbd{M-x | |
903 select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to select a frame | |
904 according to its name. The name you specify appears in the mode line | |
905 when the frame is selected. | |
906 | |
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907 @node XTerm Mouse |
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908 @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators |
28124 | 909 @cindex xterm, mouse support |
910 @cindex terminal emulators, mouse support | |
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911 |
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912 Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal |
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913 window. In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm}, |
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914 you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to enable simple use of the |
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915 mouse---only single clicks are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse |
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916 functionality is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key |
36864 | 917 when you press the mouse button. The Linux console supports this |
918 mode if it has support for the mouse enabled, e.g.@: using the | |
919 @command{gpm} daemon. |