Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/macos.texi @ 45048:6bd149ec8b77
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 30 Apr 2002 22:48:27 +0000 |
parents | 01b93e5e53a7 |
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34198 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
34198 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @node Mac OS, MS-DOS, Antinews, Top | |
5 @appendix Emacs and the Mac OS | |
6 @cindex Mac OS | |
7 @cindex Macintosh | |
8 | |
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9 Emacs built on Mac OS X supports most of its major features: |
34198 | 10 multiple frames, colors, scroll bars, menu bars, use of the mouse, |
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11 fontsets, international characters, input methods, coding systems, |
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12 asynchronous and synchronous subprocesses, unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), |
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13 and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). Support for various |
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14 image file formats has not been implemented yet. |
34198 | 15 |
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16 The following features of Emacs are not yet supported on the Mac OS |
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17 8 or 9: unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), asynchronous subprocesses |
38021 | 18 (@code{start-process}), and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). |
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19 As a result, packages such as Gnus, GUD, and Comint do not work. |
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20 However, synchronous subprocesses (@code{call-process}) are supported. |
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21 Since external programs to handle commands such as @code{print-buffer} |
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22 and @code{diff} are not available on Mac OS 8 or 9, they are not |
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23 supported. |
34198 | 24 |
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25 Most of the features that are supported work in the same way as on |
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26 other platforms and are therefore documented in the rest of this |
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27 manual. This section describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under |
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28 the Mac OS. |
34198 | 29 |
30 @menu | |
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31 * Input: Mac Input. Keyboard input on the Mac. |
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32 * Intl: Mac International. International character sets on the Mac. |
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33 * Env: Mac Environment Variables. Setting environment variables for Emacs. |
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34 * Directories: Mac Directories. Volumes and directories on the Mac. |
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35 * Font: Mac Font Specs. Specifying fonts on the Mac. |
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36 * Functions: Mac Functions. Mac-specific Lisp functions. |
34198 | 37 @end menu |
38 | |
39 @node Mac Input | |
40 @section Keyboard Input on the Mac | |
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41 @cindex Meta (Mac OS) |
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42 @cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS) |
34198 | 43 @vindex mac-command-key-is-meta |
44 @vindex mac-keyboard-text-encoding | |
45 | |
46 On the Mac, Emacs can use either the @key{option} key or the | |
47 @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. If the value of the variable | |
48 @code{mac-command-key-is-meta} is non-@code{nil} (its default value), | |
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49 Emacs uses the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. Otherwise it |
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50 uses the @key{option} key as the @key{META} key. |
34198 | 51 |
52 Most people should want to use the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key, | |
53 so that dead-key processing with the @key{option} key will still work. This is | |
54 useful for entering non-ASCII Latin characters directly from the Mac | |
55 keyboard, for example. | |
56 | |
57 Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel and | |
58 supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak). | |
59 Selecting one of the layouts from the keyboard layout pull-down menu | |
60 will affect how the keys typed on the keyboard are interpreted. | |
61 | |
62 The Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g., | |
63 @key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages). These will not | |
64 be passed to Emacs. | |
65 | |
66 The Mac keyboard ordinarily generates characters in the Mac Roman | |
67 encoding. To use it for entering ISO Latin-1 characters directly, set | |
68 the value of the variable @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to | |
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69 @code{kTextEncodingISOLatin1}. Note that not all Mac Roman characters |
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70 that can be entered at the keyboard can be converted to ISO Latin-1 |
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71 characters. |
34198 | 72 |
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73 To enter ISO Latin-2 characters directly from the Mac keyboard, set |
34198 | 74 the value of @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to |
75 @code{kTextEncodingISOLatin2}. Then let Emacs know that the keyboard | |
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76 generates Latin-2 codes, by typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k iso-latin-2 |
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77 @key{RET}}. To make this setting permanent, put this in your |
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78 @file{.emacs} init file: |
34198 | 79 |
80 @lisp | |
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81 (set-keyboard-coding-system 'iso-latin-2) |
34198 | 82 @end lisp |
83 | |
84 @node Mac International | |
85 @section International Character Set Support on the Mac | |
86 @cindex Mac Roman coding system | |
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87 @cindex clipboard support (Mac OS) |
34198 | 88 |
89 The Mac uses a non-standard encoding for the upper 128 single-byte | |
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90 characters. It also deviates from the ISO 2022 standard by using |
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91 character codes in the range 128-159. The coding system |
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92 @code{mac-roman} is used to represent this Mac encoding. It is used |
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93 for editing files stored in this native encoding, and for displaying |
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94 file names in Dired mode. |
34198 | 95 |
96 Any native (non-symbol) Mac font can be used to correctly display | |
97 characters in the @code{mac-roman} coding system. | |
98 | |
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99 The fontset @code{fontset-mac} is created automatically when Emacs |
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100 is run on the Mac. It displays characters in the @code{mac-roman} |
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101 coding system using 12-point Monaco. |
34198 | 102 |
103 To insert characters directly in the @code{mac-roman} coding system, | |
36875 | 104 type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k mac-roman @key{RET}}, customize the option |
105 @code{keyboard-coding-system}, or put this in your init file: | |
34198 | 106 |
107 @lisp | |
108 (set-keyboard-coding-system 'mac-roman) | |
109 @end lisp | |
110 | |
111 @noindent | |
112 This is useful for editing documents in native Mac encoding. | |
113 | |
114 You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input | |
115 Methods}) or the Mac OS to enter international characters. | |
116 | |
117 To use the former, see the International Character Set Support section | |
36875 | 118 of the manual (@pxref{International}). |
34198 | 119 |
120 To use input methods provided by the Mac OS, set the keyboard coding | |
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121 system accordingly using the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k} command |
34198 | 122 (@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}). For example, for Traditional |
34201 | 123 Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5} as keyboard coding system; for |
34198 | 124 Japanese, use @samp{sjis}, etc. Then select the desired input method in |
125 the keyboard layout pull-down menu. | |
126 | |
127 The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are | |
128 connected as follows: the most recent kill is copied to the clipboard | |
129 when Emacs is suspended and the contents of the clipboard is inserted | |
130 into the kill ring when Emacs resumes. The result is that you can yank | |
131 a piece of text and paste it into another Mac application, or cut or copy | |
132 one in another Mac application and yank it into a Emacs buffer. | |
133 | |
134 The encoding of text selections must be specified using the commands | |
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135 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} (@code{set-selection-coding-system}) or @kbd{C-x |
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136 @key{RET} X} (@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}) (e.g., for |
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137 Traditional Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5-mac} and for Japanese, |
34198 | 138 @samp{sjis-mac}). @xref{Specify Coding}, for more details. |
139 | |
140 | |
141 @node Mac Environment Variables | |
142 @section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments. | |
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143 @cindex environment variables (Mac OS) |
34198 | 144 |
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145 On Mac OS X, when Emacs is run in a terminal, it inherits the values |
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146 of environment variables from the shell from which it is invoked. |
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147 However, when it is run from the Finder as a GUI application, it |
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148 inherits no environment variable values. |
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149 |
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150 On Mac OS 8 or 9, environment variables and command line arguments |
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151 for Emacs can be set by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and |
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152 129, respectively. A common environment variable that one may want to |
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153 set is @samp{HOME}. |
34198 | 154 |
155 The way to set an environment variable is by adding a string of the | |
156 form | |
157 | |
158 @example | |
159 ENV_VAR=VALUE | |
160 @end example | |
161 | |
162 @noindent | |
163 to resource @samp{STR#} number 128 using @code{ResEdit}. To set up the | |
164 program to use unibyte characters exclusively, for example, add the | |
165 string | |
166 | |
167 @example | |
168 EMACS_UNIBYTE=1 | |
169 @end example | |
170 | |
171 | |
172 @node Mac Directories | |
173 @section Volumes and Directories on the Mac | |
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174 @cindex file names (Mac OS) |
34198 | 175 |
176 The directory structure in the Mac OS is seen by Emacs as | |
177 | |
178 @example | |
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179 /@var{volumename}/@var{filename} |
34198 | 180 @end example |
181 | |
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182 So when Emacs requests a file name, doing file name completion on |
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183 @file{/} will display all volumes on the system. You can use @file{..} |
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184 to go up a directory level. |
34198 | 185 |
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186 On Mac OS 8 or 9, to access files and folders on the desktop, look |
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187 in the folder @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder |
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188 is usually invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}). |
34198 | 189 |
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190 On Mac OS 8 or 9, Emacs creates the Mac folder |
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191 @file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the @file{System Folder} and uses it as |
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192 the temporary directory. Emacs maps the directory name @file{/tmp/} |
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193 to that. Therefore it is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}. |
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194 If everything works correctly, the program should leave no files in it |
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195 when it exits. You should be able to set the environment variable |
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196 @code{TMPDIR} to use another directory but this folder will still be |
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197 created. |
34198 | 198 |
199 | |
200 @node Mac Font Specs | |
201 @section Specifying Fonts on the Mac | |
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202 @cindex font names (Mac OS) |
34198 | 203 |
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204 It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually |
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205 you specify face attributes instead. But when you do need to specify |
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206 a font name in Emacs on the Mac, use a standard X font name: |
34198 | 207 |
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208 @smallexample |
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209 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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210 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset} |
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211 @end smallexample |
34198 | 212 |
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213 @noindent |
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214 @xref{Font X}. Wildcards are supported as they are on X. |
34198 | 215 |
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216 Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman encoding has maker name @code{apple} |
34198 | 217 and charset @code{mac-roman}. For example 12-point Monaco can be |
218 specified by the name @samp{-apple-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman}. | |
219 | |
220 Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, and | |
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221 Korean fonts have charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0}, |
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222 @samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis}, and @samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, respectively. |
34198 | 223 |
224 Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not | |
225 in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets | |
226 encoded in the names of their font suitcases. E.g., the font suitcase | |
227 @samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by | |
228 the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}. | |
229 | |
230 | |
231 @node Mac Functions | |
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232 @section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions |
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233 @cindex Lisp functions specific to Mac OS |
34198 | 234 |
235 @findex do-applescript | |
236 The function @code{do-applescript} takes a string argument, | |
237 executes it as an AppleScript command, and returns the result as a | |
238 string. | |
239 | |
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240 @findex mac-file-name-to-posix |
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241 @findex posix-file-name-to-mac |
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242 The function @code{mac-file-name-to-posix} takes a Mac file name and |
38944 | 243 returns the GNU or Unix equivalent. The function |
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244 @code{posix-file-name-to-mac} performs the opposite conversion. They |
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245 are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to |
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246 @code{do-applescript}. |