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annotate man/text.texi @ 69456:6c85e996427c
(Clean view): Document new startup options.
author | Carsten Dominik <dominik@science.uva.nl> |
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date | Mon, 13 Mar 2006 07:10:02 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top | |
6 @chapter Commands for Human Languages | |
7 @cindex text | |
8 @cindex manipulating text | |
9 | |
10 The term @dfn{text} has two widespread meanings in our area of the | |
11 computer field. One is data that is a sequence of characters. Any file | |
12 that you edit with Emacs is text, in this sense of the word. The other | |
13 meaning is more restrictive: a sequence of characters in a human language | |
14 for humans to read (possibly after processing by a text formatter), as | |
68701 | 15 opposed to a program or binary data. This chapter is concerned with |
16 editing text in the narrower sense. | |
25829 | 17 |
18 Human languages have syntactic/stylistic conventions that can be | |
19 supported or used to advantage by editor commands: conventions involving | |
20 words, sentences, paragraphs, and capital letters. This chapter | |
21 describes Emacs commands for all of these things. There are also | |
22 commands for @dfn{filling}, which means rearranging the lines of a | |
23 paragraph to be approximately equal in length. The commands for moving | |
24 over and killing words, sentences and paragraphs, while intended | |
25 primarily for editing text, are also often useful for editing programs. | |
26 | |
27 Emacs has several major modes for editing human-language text. If the | |
28 file contains text pure and simple, use Text mode, which customizes | |
29 Emacs in small ways for the syntactic conventions of text. Outline mode | |
30 provides special commands for operating on text with an outline | |
31 structure. | |
32 @iftex | |
33 @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
34 @end iftex | |
35 | |
36 For text which contains embedded commands for text formatters, Emacs | |
37 has other major modes, each for a particular text formatter. Thus, for | |
38 input to @TeX{}, you would use @TeX{} | |
39 @iftex | |
40 mode (@pxref{TeX Mode}). | |
41 @end iftex | |
42 @ifinfo | |
43 mode. | |
44 @end ifinfo | |
68701 | 45 For input to groff or nroff, use Nroff mode. |
25829 | 46 |
47 Instead of using a text formatter, you can edit formatted text in | |
48 WYSIWYG style (``what you see is what you get''), with Enriched mode. | |
49 Then the formatting appears on the screen in Emacs while you edit. | |
50 @iftex | |
51 @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
52 @end iftex | |
53 | |
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54 @cindex skeletons |
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55 @cindex templates |
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56 @cindex autotyping |
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57 @cindex automatic typing |
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58 The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text. |
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59 @inforef{Top,, autotype}. |
27207 | 60 |
25829 | 61 @menu |
62 * Words:: Moving over and killing words. | |
63 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. | |
64 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. | |
65 * Pages:: Moving over pages. | |
66 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text. | |
67 * Case:: Changing the case of text. | |
68 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. | |
69 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines. | |
70 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
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71 * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files. |
25829 | 72 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff. |
73 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion. | |
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74 * Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion. |
25829 | 75 @end menu |
76 | |
77 @node Words | |
78 @section Words | |
79 @cindex words | |
80 @cindex Meta commands and words | |
81 | |
82 Emacs has commands for moving over or operating on words. By convention, | |
83 the keys for them are all Meta characters. | |
84 | |
85 @table @kbd | |
86 @item M-f | |
87 Move forward over a word (@code{forward-word}). | |
88 @item M-b | |
89 Move backward over a word (@code{backward-word}). | |
90 @item M-d | |
91 Kill up to the end of a word (@code{kill-word}). | |
92 @item M-@key{DEL} | |
93 Kill back to the beginning of a word (@code{backward-kill-word}). | |
94 @item M-@@ | |
95 Mark the end of the next word (@code{mark-word}). | |
96 @item M-t | |
97 Transpose two words or drag a word across other words | |
98 (@code{transpose-words}). | |
99 @end table | |
100 | |
101 Notice how these keys form a series that parallels the character-based | |
102 @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-t}. @kbd{M-@@} is | |
103 cognate to @kbd{C-@@}, which is an alias for @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. | |
104 | |
105 @kindex M-f | |
106 @kindex M-b | |
107 @findex forward-word | |
108 @findex backward-word | |
109 The commands @kbd{M-f} (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b} | |
110 (@code{backward-word}) move forward and backward over words. These | |
111 Meta characters are thus analogous to the corresponding control | |
112 characters, @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-b}, which move over single characters | |
113 in the text. The analogy extends to numeric arguments, which serve as | |
114 repeat counts. @kbd{M-f} with a negative argument moves backward, and | |
115 @kbd{M-b} with a negative argument moves forward. Forward motion | |
116 stops right after the last letter of the word, while backward motion | |
68701 | 117 stops right before the first letter. |
25829 | 118 |
119 @kindex M-d | |
120 @findex kill-word | |
121 @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) kills the word after point. To be | |
122 precise, it kills everything from point to the place @kbd{M-f} would | |
123 move to. Thus, if point is in the middle of a word, @kbd{M-d} kills | |
124 just the part after point. If some punctuation comes between point and the | |
125 next word, it is killed along with the word. (If you wish to kill only the | |
126 next word but not the punctuation before it, simply do @kbd{M-f} to get | |
127 the end, and kill the word backwards with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.) | |
128 @kbd{M-d} takes arguments just like @kbd{M-f}. | |
129 | |
130 @findex backward-kill-word | |
131 @kindex M-DEL | |
132 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} (@code{backward-kill-word}) kills the word before | |
133 point. It kills everything from point back to where @kbd{M-b} would | |
68701 | 134 move to. For instance, if point is after the space in @w{@samp{FOO, |
135 BAR}}, it kills @w{@samp{FOO, }}. If you wish to kill just | |
136 @samp{FOO}, and not the comma and the space, use @kbd{M-b M-d} instead | |
137 of @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}. | |
25829 | 138 |
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139 @c Don't index M-t and transpose-words here, they are indexed in |
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140 @c fixit.texi, in the node "Transpose". |
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141 @c @kindex M-t |
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142 @c @findex transpose-words |
25829 | 143 @kbd{M-t} (@code{transpose-words}) exchanges the word before or |
144 containing point with the following word. The delimiter characters between | |
145 the words do not move. For example, @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}} transposes into | |
146 @w{@samp{BAR, FOO}} rather than @samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}. @xref{Transpose}, for | |
147 more on transposition and on arguments to transposition commands. | |
148 | |
149 @kindex M-@@ | |
150 @findex mark-word | |
151 To operate on the next @var{n} words with an operation which applies | |
152 between point and mark, you can either set the mark at point and then move | |
153 over the words, or you can use the command @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) | |
154 which does not move point, but sets the mark where @kbd{M-f} would move | |
155 to. @kbd{M-@@} accepts a numeric argument that says how many words to | |
156 scan for the place to put the mark. In Transient Mark mode, this command | |
157 activates the mark. | |
158 | |
68701 | 159 The word commands' understanding of word boundaries is controlled |
160 by the syntax table. Any character can, for example, be declared to | |
161 be a word delimiter. @xref{Syntax}. | |
25829 | 162 |
163 @node Sentences | |
164 @section Sentences | |
165 @cindex sentences | |
166 @cindex manipulating sentences | |
167 | |
168 The Emacs commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are mostly | |
169 on Meta keys, so as to be like the word-handling commands. | |
170 | |
171 @table @kbd | |
172 @item M-a | |
173 Move back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-sentence}). | |
174 @item M-e | |
175 Move forward to the end of the sentence (@code{forward-sentence}). | |
176 @item M-k | |
177 Kill forward to the end of the sentence (@code{kill-sentence}). | |
178 @item C-x @key{DEL} | |
179 Kill back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}). | |
180 @end table | |
181 | |
182 @kindex M-a | |
183 @kindex M-e | |
184 @findex backward-sentence | |
185 @findex forward-sentence | |
186 The commands @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} (@code{backward-sentence} and | |
187 @code{forward-sentence}) move to the beginning and end of the current | |
188 sentence, respectively. They were chosen to resemble @kbd{C-a} and | |
59889 | 189 @kbd{C-e}, which move to the beginning and end of a line. Unlike |
190 them, @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} move over successive sentences if | |
191 repeated. | |
25829 | 192 |
193 Moving backward over a sentence places point just before the first | |
194 character of the sentence; moving forward places point right after the | |
195 punctuation that ends the sentence. Neither one moves over the | |
196 whitespace at the sentence boundary. | |
197 | |
198 @kindex M-k | |
199 @kindex C-x DEL | |
200 @findex kill-sentence | |
201 @findex backward-kill-sentence | |
202 Just as @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} have a kill command, @kbd{C-k}, to go | |
203 with them, so @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} have a corresponding kill command | |
204 @kbd{M-k} (@code{kill-sentence}) which kills from point to the end of | |
205 the sentence. With minus one as an argument it kills back to the | |
206 beginning of the sentence. Larger arguments serve as a repeat count. | |
207 There is also a command, @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}} | |
208 (@code{backward-kill-sentence}), for killing back to the beginning of a | |
209 sentence. This command is useful when you change your mind in the | |
68701 | 210 middle of composing text. |
25829 | 211 |
212 The sentence commands assume that you follow the American typist's | |
213 convention of putting two spaces at the end of a sentence; they consider | |
214 a sentence to end wherever there is a @samp{.}, @samp{?} or @samp{!} | |
215 followed by the end of a line or two spaces, with any number of | |
216 @samp{)}, @samp{]}, @samp{'}, or @samp{"} characters allowed in between. | |
217 A sentence also begins or ends wherever a paragraph begins or ends. | |
68701 | 218 It is useful to follow this convention, because it makes a distinction |
219 between periods that end a sentence and periods that indicate | |
220 abbreviations; that enables the Emacs sentence commands to distinguish, | |
221 too. These commands to not stop for periods that indicate abbreviations. | |
222 | |
223 @vindex sentence-end-double-space | |
224 If you want to use just one space between sentences, you can set the | |
225 variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} to @code{nil} to make the | |
226 sentence commands stop for single spaces. However, this mode has a | |
227 drawback: there is no way to distinguish between periods that end | |
228 sentences and those that indicate abbreviations. For convenient and | |
229 reliable editing, we therefore recommend you follow the two-space | |
230 convention. The variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} also | |
231 affects filling (@pxref{Fill Commands}) in related ways. | |
25829 | 232 |
233 @vindex sentence-end | |
68701 | 234 The variable @code{sentence-end} controls how to recognize the end |
235 of a sentence. If non-@code{nil}, it is a regexp that matches the | |
236 last few characters of a sentence, together with the whitespace | |
237 following the sentence. If the value is @code{nil}, the default, then | |
238 Emacs computes the regexp according to various criteria such as the | |
239 value of @code{sentence-end-double-space}. @xref{Regexp Example}, for | |
240 a detailed explanation of one of the regular expressions Emacs uses | |
241 for this purpose. | |
242 | |
243 @vindex sentence-end-without-period | |
244 Some languages do not use period to indicate end of sentence. For | |
245 example, a sentence in Thai text ends with double space but without a | |
246 period. Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to | |
247 @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary. | |
25829 | 248 |
249 @node Paragraphs | |
250 @section Paragraphs | |
251 @cindex paragraphs | |
252 @cindex manipulating paragraphs | |
253 @kindex M-@{ | |
254 @kindex M-@} | |
255 @findex backward-paragraph | |
256 @findex forward-paragraph | |
257 | |
258 The Emacs commands for manipulating paragraphs are also Meta keys. | |
259 | |
260 @table @kbd | |
261 @item M-@{ | |
262 Move back to previous paragraph beginning (@code{backward-paragraph}). | |
263 @item M-@} | |
264 Move forward to next paragraph end (@code{forward-paragraph}). | |
265 @item M-h | |
266 Put point and mark around this or next paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}). | |
267 @end table | |
268 | |
269 @kbd{M-@{} moves to the beginning of the current or previous | |
270 paragraph, while @kbd{M-@}} moves to the end of the current or next | |
271 paragraph. Blank lines and text-formatter command lines separate | |
68701 | 272 paragraphs and are not considered part of any paragraph. If there is |
273 a blank line before the paragraph, @kbd{M-@{} moves to the blank line, | |
274 because that is convenient in practice. | |
275 | |
276 In Text mode, an indented line is not a paragraph break. If you | |
277 want indented lines to have this effect, use Paragraph-Indent Text | |
278 mode instead. @xref{Text Mode}. | |
25829 | 279 |
280 In major modes for programs, paragraphs begin and end only at blank | |
68701 | 281 lines. This makes the paragraph commands useful, even though there |
282 are no paragraphs as such in a program. | |
283 | |
284 When you have set a fill prefix, then paragraphs are delimited by | |
285 all lines which don't start with the fill prefix. @xref{Filling}. | |
25829 | 286 |
287 @kindex M-h | |
288 @findex mark-paragraph | |
289 When you wish to operate on a paragraph, you can use the command | |
290 @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) to set the region around it. Thus, | |
291 for example, @kbd{M-h C-w} kills the paragraph around or after point. | |
292 The @kbd{M-h} command puts point at the beginning and mark at the end of | |
293 the paragraph point was in. In Transient Mark mode, it activates the | |
294 mark. If point is between paragraphs (in a run of blank lines, or at a | |
295 boundary), the paragraph following point is surrounded by point and | |
296 mark. If there are blank lines preceding the first line of the | |
297 paragraph, one of these blank lines is included in the region. | |
298 | |
299 @vindex paragraph-start | |
300 @vindex paragraph-separate | |
301 The precise definition of a paragraph boundary is controlled by the | |
302 variables @code{paragraph-separate} and @code{paragraph-start}. The | |
303 value of @code{paragraph-start} is a regexp that should match any line | |
304 that either starts or separates paragraphs. The value of | |
305 @code{paragraph-separate} is another regexp that should match only lines | |
306 that separate paragraphs without being part of any paragraph (for | |
307 example, blank lines). Lines that start a new paragraph and are | |
308 contained in it must match only @code{paragraph-start}, not | |
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309 @code{paragraph-separate}. Each regular expression must match at the |
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310 left margin. For example, in Fundamental mode, @code{paragraph-start} |
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311 is @w{@code{"\f\\|[ \t]*$"}}, and @code{paragraph-separate} is |
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312 @w{@code{"[ \t\f]*$"}}. |
25829 | 313 |
314 Normally it is desirable for page boundaries to separate paragraphs. | |
315 The default values of these variables recognize the usual separator for | |
316 pages. | |
317 | |
318 @node Pages | |
319 @section Pages | |
320 | |
321 @cindex pages | |
322 @cindex formfeed | |
323 Files are often thought of as divided into @dfn{pages} by the | |
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324 @dfn{formfeed} character (@acronym{ASCII} control-L, octal code 014). |
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325 When you print hardcopy for a file, this character forces a page break; |
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326 thus, each page of the file goes on a separate page on paper. Most Emacs |
25829 | 327 commands treat the page-separator character just like any other |
328 character: you can insert it with @kbd{C-q C-l}, and delete it with | |
329 @key{DEL}. Thus, you are free to paginate your file or not. However, | |
330 since pages are often meaningful divisions of the file, Emacs provides | |
331 commands to move over them and operate on them. | |
332 | |
333 @table @kbd | |
334 @item C-x [ | |
335 Move point to previous page boundary (@code{backward-page}). | |
336 @item C-x ] | |
337 Move point to next page boundary (@code{forward-page}). | |
338 @item C-x C-p | |
339 Put point and mark around this page (or another page) (@code{mark-page}). | |
340 @item C-x l | |
341 Count the lines in this page (@code{count-lines-page}). | |
342 @end table | |
343 | |
344 @kindex C-x [ | |
345 @kindex C-x ] | |
346 @findex forward-page | |
347 @findex backward-page | |
348 The @kbd{C-x [} (@code{backward-page}) command moves point to immediately | |
349 after the previous page delimiter. If point is already right after a page | |
350 delimiter, it skips that one and stops at the previous one. A numeric | |
351 argument serves as a repeat count. The @kbd{C-x ]} (@code{forward-page}) | |
352 command moves forward past the next page delimiter. | |
353 | |
354 @kindex C-x C-p | |
355 @findex mark-page | |
356 The @kbd{C-x C-p} command (@code{mark-page}) puts point at the | |
357 beginning of the current page and the mark at the end. The page | |
358 delimiter at the end is included (the mark follows it). The page | |
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359 delimiter at the front is excluded (point follows it). In Transient |
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360 Mark mode, this command activates the mark. |
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361 |
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362 @kbd{C-x C-p C-w} is a handy way to kill a page to move it |
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363 elsewhere. If you move to another page delimiter with @kbd{C-x [} and |
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364 @kbd{C-x ]}, then yank the killed page, all the pages will be properly |
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365 delimited once again. The reason @kbd{C-x C-p} includes only the |
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366 following page delimiter in the region is to ensure that. |
25829 | 367 |
368 A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x C-p} is used to specify which page to go | |
369 to, relative to the current one. Zero means the current page. One means | |
370 the next page, and @minus{}1 means the previous one. | |
371 | |
372 @kindex C-x l | |
373 @findex count-lines-page | |
374 The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding | |
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375 where to break a page in two. It displays in the echo area the total number |
25829 | 376 of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding |
377 the current line and those following, as in | |
378 | |
379 @example | |
380 Page has 96 (72+25) lines | |
381 @end example | |
382 | |
383 @noindent | |
384 Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at the | |
385 beginning of a line. | |
386 | |
387 @vindex page-delimiter | |
388 The variable @code{page-delimiter} controls where pages begin. Its | |
389 value is a regexp that matches the beginning of a line that separates | |
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390 pages. The normal value of this variable is @code{"^\f"}, which |
25829 | 391 matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line. |
392 | |
393 @node Filling | |
394 @section Filling Text | |
395 @cindex filling text | |
396 | |
397 @dfn{Filling} text means breaking it up into lines that fit a | |
398 specified width. Emacs does filling in two ways. In Auto Fill mode, | |
399 inserting text with self-inserting characters also automatically fills | |
400 it. There are also explicit fill commands that you can use when editing | |
401 text leaves it unfilled. When you edit formatted text, you can specify | |
402 a style of filling for each portion of the text (@pxref{Formatted | |
403 Text}). | |
404 | |
405 @menu | |
406 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. | |
407 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. | |
408 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented | |
409 or in a comment, etc. | |
410 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically. | |
68701 | 411 * Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled. |
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412 * Longlines:: Editing text with very long lines. |
25829 | 413 @end menu |
414 | |
415 @node Auto Fill | |
416 @subsection Auto Fill Mode | |
417 @cindex Auto Fill mode | |
418 @cindex mode, Auto Fill | |
419 | |
420 @dfn{Auto Fill} mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken | |
421 automatically when they become too wide. Breaking happens only when | |
422 you type a @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. | |
423 | |
424 @table @kbd | |
425 @item M-x auto-fill-mode | |
426 Enable or disable Auto Fill mode. | |
427 @item @key{SPC} | |
428 @itemx @key{RET} | |
429 In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate. | |
430 @end table | |
431 | |
432 @findex auto-fill-mode | |
433 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off | |
434 if it was on. With a positive numeric argument it always turns Auto | |
435 Fill mode on, and with a negative argument always turns it off. You can | |
436 see when Auto Fill mode is in effect by the presence of the word | |
437 @samp{Fill} in the mode line, inside the parentheses. Auto Fill mode is | |
438 a minor mode which is enabled or disabled for each buffer individually. | |
439 @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
440 | |
441 In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when they | |
442 get longer than the desired width. Line breaking and rearrangement | |
443 takes place only when you type @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. If you wish to | |
444 insert a space or newline without permitting line-breaking, type | |
445 @kbd{C-q @key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-q C-j} (recall that a newline is really a | |
446 control-J). Also, @kbd{C-o} inserts a newline without line breaking. | |
447 | |
448 Auto Fill mode works well with programming-language modes, because it | |
449 indents new lines with @key{TAB}. If a line ending in a comment gets | |
450 too long, the text of the comment is split into two comment lines. | |
451 Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the end of the first | |
452 line and the beginning of the second so that each line is a separate | |
453 comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice | |
454 (@pxref{Comments}). | |
455 | |
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456 Adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}) works for Auto Filling as |
25829 | 457 well as for explicit fill commands. It takes a fill prefix |
458 automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph. | |
459 | |
460 Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs; it can break lines but | |
461 cannot merge lines. So editing in the middle of a paragraph can result in | |
462 a paragraph that is not correctly filled. The easiest way to make the | |
463 paragraph properly filled again is usually with the explicit fill commands. | |
464 @ifinfo | |
465 @xref{Fill Commands}. | |
466 @end ifinfo | |
467 | |
468 Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files. | |
469 The section on init files says how to arrange this permanently for yourself. | |
470 @xref{Init File}. | |
471 | |
472 @node Fill Commands | |
473 @subsection Explicit Fill Commands | |
474 | |
475 @table @kbd | |
476 @item M-q | |
477 Fill current paragraph (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
478 @item C-x f | |
479 Set the fill column (@code{set-fill-column}). | |
480 @item M-x fill-region | |
481 Fill each paragraph in the region (@code{fill-region}). | |
482 @item M-x fill-region-as-paragraph | |
483 Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph. | |
484 @item M-s | |
485 Center a line. | |
486 @end table | |
487 | |
488 @kindex M-q | |
489 @findex fill-paragraph | |
490 To refill a paragraph, use the command @kbd{M-q} | |
491 (@code{fill-paragraph}). This operates on the paragraph that point is | |
492 inside, or the one after point if point is between paragraphs. | |
493 Refilling works by removing all the line-breaks, then inserting new ones | |
494 where necessary. | |
495 | |
496 @findex fill-region | |
497 To refill many paragraphs, use @kbd{M-x fill-region}, which | |
68701 | 498 finds the paragraphs in the region and fills each of them. |
25829 | 499 |
500 @findex fill-region-as-paragraph | |
501 @kbd{M-q} and @code{fill-region} use the same criteria as @kbd{M-h} | |
502 for finding paragraph boundaries (@pxref{Paragraphs}). For more | |
503 control, you can use @kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}, which refills | |
68701 | 504 everything between point and mark as a single paragraph. This command |
505 deletes any blank lines within the region, so separate blocks of text | |
506 end up combined into one block. | |
25829 | 507 |
508 @cindex justification | |
68701 | 509 A numeric argument to @kbd{M-q} tells it to @dfn{justify} the text |
510 as well as filling it. This means that extra spaces are inserted to | |
511 make the right margin line up exactly at the fill column. To remove | |
512 the extra spaces, use @kbd{M-q} with no argument. (Likewise for | |
25829 | 513 @code{fill-region}.) Another way to control justification, and choose |
68701 | 514 other styles of filling, is with the @code{justification} text |
515 property; see @ref{Format Justification}. | |
25829 | 516 |
517 @kindex M-s @r{(Text mode)} | |
518 @cindex centering | |
519 @findex center-line | |
520 The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line | |
521 within the current fill column. With an argument @var{n}, it centers | |
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522 @var{n} lines individually and moves past them. This binding is |
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523 made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes |
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524 (@pxref{Text Mode}). |
25829 | 525 |
526 @vindex fill-column | |
527 @kindex C-x f | |
528 @findex set-fill-column | |
529 The maximum line width for filling is in the variable | |
530 @code{fill-column}. Altering the value of @code{fill-column} makes it | |
531 local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value is in | |
532 effect. The default is initially 70. @xref{Locals}. The easiest way | |
533 to set @code{fill-column} is to use the command @kbd{C-x f} | |
534 (@code{set-fill-column}). With a numeric argument, it uses that as the | |
535 new fill column. With just @kbd{C-u} as argument, it sets | |
536 @code{fill-column} to the current horizontal position of point. | |
537 | |
538 Emacs commands normally consider a period followed by two spaces or by | |
539 a newline as the end of a sentence; a period followed by just one space | |
540 indicates an abbreviation and not the end of a sentence. To preserve | |
541 the distinction between these two ways of using a period, the fill | |
542 commands do not break a line after a period followed by just one space. | |
543 | |
544 If the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} is @code{nil}, the | |
545 fill commands expect and leave just one space at the end of a sentence. | |
546 Ordinarily this variable is @code{t}, so the fill commands insist on | |
547 two spaces for the end of a sentence, as explained above. @xref{Sentences}. | |
548 | |
549 @vindex colon-double-space | |
550 If the variable @code{colon-double-space} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
551 fill commands put two spaces after a colon. | |
552 | |
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553 @vindex fill-nobreak-predicate |
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554 The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional |
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555 conditions for where line-breaking is allowed. Its value is either |
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556 @code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no |
68701 | 557 arguments, with point at a place where Emacs is considering breaking |
558 the line. If the function returns a non-@code{nil} value, then that's | |
559 a bad place to break the line. Two standard functions you can use are | |
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560 @code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of |
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561 a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't |
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562 break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}). |
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563 |
25829 | 564 @node Fill Prefix |
565 @subsection The Fill Prefix | |
566 | |
567 @cindex fill prefix | |
568 To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker | |
569 (which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), you can use | |
570 the @dfn{fill prefix} feature. The fill prefix is a string that Emacs | |
571 expects every line to start with, and which is not included in filling. | |
572 You can specify a fill prefix explicitly; Emacs can also deduce the | |
573 fill prefix automatically (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). | |
574 | |
575 @table @kbd | |
576 @item C-x . | |
577 Set the fill prefix (@code{set-fill-prefix}). | |
578 @item M-q | |
579 Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
580 @item M-x fill-individual-paragraphs | |
581 Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as starting a | |
582 new paragraph. | |
583 @item M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
584 Fill the region, considering only paragraph-separator lines as starting | |
585 a new paragraph. | |
586 @end table | |
587 | |
588 @kindex C-x . | |
589 @findex set-fill-prefix | |
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590 To specify a fill prefix for the current buffer, move to a line that |
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591 starts with the desired prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, |
68701 | 592 and type @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: (@code{set-fill-prefix}). (That's a period |
593 after the @kbd{C-x}.) To turn off the fill prefix, specify an empty | |
594 prefix: type @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: with point at the beginning of a line. | |
25829 | 595 |
596 When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill | |
68701 | 597 prefix from each line of the paragraph before filling and insert it on |
598 each line after filling. (The beginning of the first line of the | |
599 paragraph is left unchanged, since often that is intentionally | |
600 different.) Auto Fill mode also inserts the fill prefix automatically | |
601 when it makes a new line. The @kbd{C-o} command inserts the fill | |
602 prefix on new lines it creates, when you use it at the beginning of a | |
603 line (@pxref{Blank Lines}). Conversely, the command @kbd{M-^} deletes | |
604 the prefix (if it occurs) after the newline that it deletes | |
605 (@pxref{Indentation}). | |
25829 | 606 |
607 For example, if @code{fill-column} is 40 and you set the fill prefix | |
608 to @samp{;; }, then @kbd{M-q} in the following text | |
609 | |
610 @example | |
611 ;; This is an | |
612 ;; example of a paragraph | |
613 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
614 @end example | |
615 | |
616 @noindent | |
617 produces this: | |
618 | |
619 @example | |
620 ;; This is an example of a paragraph | |
621 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
622 @end example | |
623 | |
624 Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are considered to start | |
625 paragraphs, both in @kbd{M-q} and the paragraph commands; this gives | |
626 good results for paragraphs with hanging indentation (every line | |
627 indented except the first one). Lines which are blank or indented once | |
628 the prefix is removed also separate or start paragraphs; this is what | |
629 you want if you are writing multi-paragraph comments with a comment | |
630 delimiter on each line. | |
631 | |
632 @findex fill-individual-paragraphs | |
633 You can use @kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs} to set the fill | |
634 prefix for each paragraph automatically. This command divides the | |
635 region into paragraphs, treating every change in the amount of | |
636 indentation as the start of a new paragraph, and fills each of these | |
637 paragraphs. Thus, all the lines in one ``paragraph'' have the same | |
638 amount of indentation. That indentation serves as the fill prefix for | |
639 that paragraph. | |
640 | |
641 @findex fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
642 @kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs} is a similar command that divides | |
643 the region into paragraphs in a different way. It considers only | |
644 paragraph-separating lines (as defined by @code{paragraph-separate}) as | |
645 starting a new paragraph. Since this means that the lines of one | |
646 paragraph may have different amounts of indentation, the fill prefix | |
647 used is the smallest amount of indentation of any of the lines of the | |
648 paragraph. This gives good results with styles that indent a paragraph's | |
649 first line more or less that the rest of the paragraph. | |
650 | |
651 @vindex fill-prefix | |
652 The fill prefix is stored in the variable @code{fill-prefix}. Its value | |
653 is a string, or @code{nil} when there is no fill prefix. This is a | |
654 per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current buffer, | |
655 but there is a default value which you can change as well. @xref{Locals}. | |
656 | |
657 The @code{indentation} text property provides another way to control | |
658 the amount of indentation paragraphs receive. @xref{Format Indentation}. | |
659 | |
660 @node Adaptive Fill | |
661 @subsection Adaptive Filling | |
662 | |
663 @cindex adaptive filling | |
664 The fill commands can deduce the proper fill prefix for a paragraph | |
665 automatically in certain cases: either whitespace or certain punctuation | |
666 characters at the beginning of a line are propagated to all lines of the | |
667 paragraph. | |
668 | |
669 If the paragraph has two or more lines, the fill prefix is taken from | |
670 the paragraph's second line, but only if it appears on the first line as | |
671 well. | |
672 | |
673 If a paragraph has just one line, fill commands @emph{may} take a | |
674 prefix from that line. The decision is complicated because there are | |
675 three reasonable things to do in such a case: | |
676 | |
677 @itemize @bullet | |
678 @item | |
679 Use the first line's prefix on all the lines of the paragraph. | |
680 | |
681 @item | |
682 Indent subsequent lines with whitespace, so that they line up under the | |
683 text that follows the prefix on the first line, but don't actually copy | |
684 the prefix from the first line. | |
685 | |
686 @item | |
687 Don't do anything special with the second and following lines. | |
688 @end itemize | |
689 | |
690 All three of these styles of formatting are commonly used. So the | |
691 fill commands try to determine what you would like, based on the prefix | |
692 that appears and on the major mode. Here is how. | |
693 | |
694 @vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp | |
695 If the prefix found on the first line matches | |
696 @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}, or if it appears to be a | |
697 comment-starting sequence (this depends on the major mode), then the | |
698 prefix found is used for filling the paragraph, provided it would not | |
699 act as a paragraph starter on subsequent lines. | |
700 | |
701 Otherwise, the prefix found is converted to an equivalent number of | |
702 spaces, and those spaces are used as the fill prefix for the rest of the | |
703 lines, provided they would not act as a paragraph starter on subsequent | |
704 lines. | |
705 | |
706 In Text mode, and other modes where only blank lines and page | |
707 delimiters separate paragraphs, the prefix chosen by adaptive filling | |
708 never acts as a paragraph starter, so it can always be used for filling. | |
709 | |
710 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode | |
711 @vindex adaptive-fill-regexp | |
712 The variable @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} determines what kinds of line | |
713 beginnings can serve as a fill prefix: any characters at the start of | |
714 the line that match this regular expression are used. If you set the | |
715 variable @code{adaptive-fill-mode} to @code{nil}, the fill prefix is | |
716 never chosen automatically. | |
717 | |
718 @vindex adaptive-fill-function | |
719 You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix | |
720 automatically by setting the variable @code{adaptive-fill-function} to a | |
721 function. This function is called with point after the left margin of a | |
722 line, and it should return the appropriate fill prefix based on that | |
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723 line. If it returns @code{nil}, @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} gets |
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724 a chance to find a prefix. |
25829 | 725 |
68701 | 726 @node Refill |
727 @subsection Refill Mode | |
728 @cindex refilling text, word processor style | |
729 @cindex modes, Refill | |
730 @cindex Refill minor mode | |
731 | |
732 Refill minor mode provides support for keeping paragraphs filled as | |
733 you type or modify them in other ways. It provides an effect similar | |
734 to typical word processor behavior. This works by running a | |
735 paragraph-filling command at suitable times. | |
736 | |
737 To toggle the use of Refill mode in the current buffer, type | |
738 @kbd{M-x refill-mode}. When you are typing text, only characters | |
739 which normally trigger auto filling, like the space character, will | |
740 trigger refilling. This is to avoid making it too slow. Apart from | |
741 self-inserting characters, other commands which modify the text cause | |
742 refilling. | |
743 | |
744 The current implementation is preliminary and not robust. You can | |
745 get better ``line wrapping'' behavior using Longlines mode. | |
746 @xref{Longlines}. However, Longlines mode has an important | |
747 side-effect: the newlines that it inserts for you are not saved to | |
748 disk, so the files that you make with Longlines mode will appear to be | |
749 completely unfilled if you edit them without Longlines mode. | |
750 | |
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751 @node Longlines |
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752 @subsection Long Lines Mode |
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753 @cindex refilling text, word processor style |
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754 @cindex modes, Long Lines |
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755 @cindex word wrap |
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756 @cindex Long Lines minor mode |
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757 |
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758 Long Lines mode is a minor mode for @dfn{word wrapping}; it lets you |
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759 edit ``unfilled'' text files, which Emacs would normally display as a |
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760 bunch of extremely long lines. Many text editors, such as those built |
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761 into many web browsers, normally do word wrapping. |
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762 |
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763 @findex longlines-mode |
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764 To enable Long Lines mode, type @kbd{M-x longlines-mode}. If the |
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765 text is full of long lines, this will ``wrap'' them |
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766 immediately---i.e., break up to fit in the window. As you edit the |
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767 text, Long Lines mode automatically re-wraps lines by inserting or |
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768 deleting @dfn{soft newlines} as necessary (@pxref{Hard and Soft |
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769 Newlines}.) These soft newlines won't show up when you save the |
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770 buffer into a file, or when you copy the text into the kill ring, |
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771 clipboard, or a register. |
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772 |
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773 @findex longlines-auto-wrap |
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774 Word wrapping is @emph{not} the same as ordinary filling |
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775 (@pxref{Fill Commands}). It does not contract multiple spaces into a |
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776 single space, recognize fill prefixes (@pxref{Fill Prefix}), or |
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777 perform adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). The reason for this |
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778 is that a wrapped line is still, conceptually, a single line. Each |
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779 soft newline is equivalent to exactly one space in that long line, and |
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780 vice versa. However, you can still call filling functions such as |
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781 @kbd{M-q}, and these will work as expected, inserting soft newlines |
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782 that won't show up on disk or when the text is copied. You can even |
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783 rely entirely on the normal fill commands by turning off automatic |
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784 line wrapping, with @kbd{C-u M-x longlines-auto-wrap}. To turn |
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785 automatic line wrapping back on, type @kbd{M-x longlines-auto-wrap}. |
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786 |
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787 @findex longlines-show-hard-newlines |
68701 | 788 Type @kbd{RET} to insert a hard newline, one which automatic |
789 refilling will not remove. If you want to see where all the hard | |
790 newlines are, type @kbd{M-x longlines-show-hard-newlines}. This will | |
791 mark each hard newline with a special symbol. The same command with a | |
792 prefix argument turns this display off. | |
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793 |
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794 Long Lines mode does not change normal text files that are already |
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795 filled, since the existing newlines are considered hard newlines. |
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796 Before Long Lines can do anything, you need to transform each |
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797 paragraph into a long line. One way is to set @code{fill-column} to a |
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798 large number (e.g., @kbd{C-u 9999 C-x f}), re-fill all the paragraphs, |
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799 and then set @code{fill-column} back to its original value. |
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800 |
25829 | 801 @node Case |
802 @section Case Conversion Commands | |
803 @cindex case conversion | |
804 | |
805 Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any arbitrary | |
806 range of text to upper case or to lower case. | |
807 | |
808 @table @kbd | |
809 @item M-l | |
810 Convert following word to lower case (@code{downcase-word}). | |
811 @item M-u | |
812 Convert following word to upper case (@code{upcase-word}). | |
813 @item M-c | |
814 Capitalize the following word (@code{capitalize-word}). | |
815 @item C-x C-l | |
816 Convert region to lower case (@code{downcase-region}). | |
817 @item C-x C-u | |
818 Convert region to upper case (@code{upcase-region}). | |
819 @end table | |
820 | |
821 @kindex M-l | |
822 @kindex M-u | |
823 @kindex M-c | |
824 @cindex words, case conversion | |
825 @cindex converting text to upper or lower case | |
826 @cindex capitalizing words | |
827 @findex downcase-word | |
828 @findex upcase-word | |
829 @findex capitalize-word | |
830 The word conversion commands are the most useful. @kbd{M-l} | |
831 (@code{downcase-word}) converts the word after point to lower case, moving | |
832 past it. Thus, repeating @kbd{M-l} converts successive words. | |
833 @kbd{M-u} (@code{upcase-word}) converts to all capitals instead, while | |
834 @kbd{M-c} (@code{capitalize-word}) puts the first letter of the word | |
835 into upper case and the rest into lower case. All these commands convert | |
836 several words at once if given an argument. They are especially convenient | |
837 for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case, | |
838 because you can move through the text using @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} or | |
839 @kbd{M-c} on each word as appropriate, occasionally using @kbd{M-f} instead | |
840 to skip a word. | |
841 | |
842 When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands apply | |
843 to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move point. | |
844 This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case: you | |
845 can give the case conversion command and continue typing. | |
846 | |
68701 | 847 If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, |
848 it applies only to the part of the word which follows point. (This is | |
849 comparable to what @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) does.) With a | |
850 negative argument, case conversion applies only to the part of the | |
851 word before point. | |
25829 | 852 |
853 @kindex C-x C-l | |
854 @kindex C-x C-u | |
855 @findex downcase-region | |
856 @findex upcase-region | |
857 The other case conversion commands are @kbd{C-x C-u} | |
858 (@code{upcase-region}) and @kbd{C-x C-l} (@code{downcase-region}), which | |
859 convert everything between point and mark to the specified case. Point and | |
860 mark do not move. | |
861 | |
862 The region case conversion commands @code{upcase-region} and | |
863 @code{downcase-region} are normally disabled. This means that they ask | |
864 for confirmation if you try to use them. When you confirm, you may | |
865 enable the command, which means it will not ask for confirmation again. | |
866 @xref{Disabling}. | |
867 | |
868 @node Text Mode | |
869 @section Text Mode | |
870 @cindex Text mode | |
871 @cindex mode, Text | |
872 @findex text-mode | |
873 | |
874 When you edit files of text in a human language, it's more convenient | |
875 to use Text mode rather than Fundamental mode. To enter Text mode, type | |
876 @kbd{M-x text-mode}. | |
877 | |
878 In Text mode, only blank lines and page delimiters separate | |
879 paragraphs. As a result, paragraphs can be indented, and adaptive | |
880 filling determines what indentation to use when filling a paragraph. | |
881 @xref{Adaptive Fill}. | |
882 | |
883 @kindex TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
884 Text mode defines @key{TAB} to run @code{indent-relative} | |
885 (@pxref{Indentation}), so that you can conveniently indent a line like | |
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886 the previous line. |
25829 | 887 |
888 Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when | |
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889 you explicitly invoke them. It changes the syntax table so that |
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890 single-quotes are considered part of words. However, if a word starts |
68701 | 891 with single-quotes, these are treated as a prefix for purposes such as |
892 capitalization. That is, @kbd{M-c} will convert @samp{'hello'} into | |
893 @samp{'Hello'}, as expected. | |
25829 | 894 |
895 @cindex Paragraph-Indent Text mode | |
896 @cindex mode, Paragraph-Indent Text | |
897 @findex paragraph-indent-text-mode | |
27207 | 898 @findex paragraph-indent-minor-mode |
25829 | 899 If you indent the first lines of paragraphs, then you should use |
68701 | 900 Paragraph-Indent Text mode rather than Text mode. In this mode, you |
901 do not need to have blank lines between paragraphs, because the | |
902 first-line indentation is sufficient to start a paragraph; however | |
903 paragraphs in which every line is indented are not supported. Use | |
904 @kbd{M-x paragraph-indent-text-mode} to enter this mode. Use @kbd{M-x | |
905 paragraph-indent-minor-mode} to enable an equivalent minor mode in | |
906 situations where you can't change the major mode---in mail | |
907 composition, for instance. | |
25829 | 908 |
909 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
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910 Text mode, and all the modes based on it, define @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} |
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911 as the command @code{ispell-complete-word}, which performs completion |
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912 of the partial word in the buffer before point, using the spelling |
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913 dictionary as the space of possible words. @xref{Spelling}. If your |
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914 window manager defines @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to switch windows, you can |
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915 type @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{TAB}} or @kbd{C-M-i}. |
25829 | 916 |
917 @vindex text-mode-hook | |
918 Entering Text mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}. Other major | |
919 modes related to Text mode also run this hook, followed by hooks of | |
920 their own; this includes Paragraph-Indent Text mode, Nroff mode, @TeX{} | |
921 mode, Outline mode, and Mail mode. Hook functions on | |
922 @code{text-mode-hook} can look at the value of @code{major-mode} to see | |
923 which of these modes is actually being entered. @xref{Hooks}. | |
924 | |
925 @ifinfo | |
926 Emacs provides two other modes for editing text that is to be passed | |
927 through a text formatter to produce fancy formatted printed output. | |
928 @xref{Nroff Mode}, for editing input to the formatter nroff. | |
929 @xref{TeX Mode}, for editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
930 | |
931 Another mode is used for editing outlines. It allows you to view the | |
932 text at various levels of detail. You can view either the outline | |
933 headings alone or both headings and text; you can also hide some of the | |
934 headings at lower levels from view to make the high level structure more | |
935 visible. @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
936 @end ifinfo | |
937 | |
938 @node Outline Mode | |
939 @section Outline Mode | |
940 @cindex Outline mode | |
941 @cindex mode, Outline | |
942 @cindex invisible lines | |
943 | |
944 @findex outline-mode | |
945 @findex outline-minor-mode | |
946 @vindex outline-minor-mode-prefix | |
947 Outline mode is a major mode much like Text mode but intended for | |
948 editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily | |
949 invisible so that you can see the outline structure. Type @kbd{M-x | |
950 outline-mode} to switch to Outline mode as the major mode of the current | |
951 buffer. | |
952 | |
59889 | 953 When Outline mode makes a line invisible, the line does not appear |
954 on the screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line | |
955 were deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears | |
956 at the end of the previous visible line. (Multiple consecutive | |
957 invisible lines produce just one ellipsis.) | |
25829 | 958 |
959 Editing commands that operate on lines, such as @kbd{C-n} and | |
960 @kbd{C-p}, treat the text of the invisible line as part of the previous | |
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961 visible line. Killing the ellipsis at the end of a visible line |
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962 really kills all the following invisible lines. |
25829 | 963 |
964 Outline minor mode provides the same commands as the major mode, | |
965 Outline mode, but you can use it in conjunction with other major modes. | |
966 Type @kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode} to enable the Outline minor mode in | |
967 the current buffer. You can also specify this in the text of a file, | |
968 with a file local variable of the form @samp{mode: outline-minor} | |
969 (@pxref{File Variables}). | |
970 | |
971 @kindex C-c @@ @r{(Outline minor mode)} | |
972 The major mode, Outline mode, provides special key bindings on the | |
973 @kbd{C-c} prefix. Outline minor mode provides similar bindings with | |
974 @kbd{C-c @@} as the prefix; this is to reduce the conflicts with the | |
975 major mode's special commands. (The variable | |
976 @code{outline-minor-mode-prefix} controls the prefix used.) | |
977 | |
978 @vindex outline-mode-hook | |
979 Entering Outline mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook} followed by | |
980 the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
981 | |
982 @menu | |
983 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like. | |
984 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through | |
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985 outlines. |
25829 | 986 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible. |
987 * Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views. | |
59889 | 988 * Foldout:: Folding means zooming in on outlines. |
25829 | 989 @end menu |
990 | |
991 @node Outline Format | |
992 @subsection Format of Outlines | |
993 | |
994 @cindex heading lines (Outline mode) | |
995 @cindex body lines (Outline mode) | |
996 Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types: | |
997 @dfn{heading lines} and @dfn{body lines}. A heading line represents a | |
998 topic in the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the | |
999 number of stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline | |
1000 structure. Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the | |
1001 heading lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading | |
1002 are its subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a | |
1003 body line. Body lines belong with the preceding heading line. Here is | |
1004 an example: | |
1005 | |
1006 @example | |
1007 * Food | |
1008 This is the body, | |
1009 which says something about the topic of food. | |
1010 | |
1011 ** Delicious Food | |
1012 This is the body of the second-level header. | |
1013 | |
1014 ** Distasteful Food | |
1015 This could have | |
1016 a body too, with | |
1017 several lines. | |
1018 | |
1019 *** Dormitory Food | |
1020 | |
1021 * Shelter | |
1022 Another first-level topic with its header line. | |
1023 @end example | |
1024 | |
1025 A heading line together with all following body lines is called | |
1026 collectively an @dfn{entry}. A heading line together with all following | |
1027 deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a @dfn{subtree}. | |
1028 | |
1029 @vindex outline-regexp | |
1030 You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines | |
1031 by setting the variable @code{outline-regexp}. Any line whose | |
1032 beginning has a match for this regexp is considered a heading line. | |
1033 Matches that start within a line (not at the left margin) do not count. | |
1034 The length of the matching text determines the level of the heading; | |
1035 longer matches make a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example, | |
1036 if a text formatter has commands @samp{@@chapter}, @samp{@@section} | |
1037 and @samp{@@subsection} to divide the document into chapters and | |
1038 sections, you could make those lines count as heading lines by | |
1039 setting @code{outline-regexp} to @samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}. | |
1040 Note the trick: the two words @samp{chapter} and @samp{section} are equally | |
1041 long, but by defining the regexp to match only @samp{chap} we ensure | |
1042 that the length of the text matched on a chapter heading is shorter, | |
1043 so that Outline mode will know that sections are contained in chapters. | |
1044 This works as long as no other command starts with @samp{@@chap}. | |
1045 | |
1046 @vindex outline-level | |
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1047 You can change the rule for calculating the level of a heading line |
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1048 by setting the variable @code{outline-level}. The value of |
25829 | 1049 @code{outline-level} should be a function that takes no arguments and |
1050 returns the level of the current heading. Some major modes such as C, | |
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1051 Nroff, and Emacs Lisp mode set this variable and @code{outline-regexp} |
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1052 in order to work with Outline minor mode. |
25829 | 1053 |
1054 @node Outline Motion | |
1055 @subsection Outline Motion Commands | |
1056 | |
1057 Outline mode provides special motion commands that move backward and | |
1058 forward to heading lines. | |
1059 | |
1060 @table @kbd | |
1061 @item C-c C-n | |
1062 Move point to the next visible heading line | |
1063 (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}). | |
1064 @item C-c C-p | |
1065 Move point to the previous visible heading line | |
1066 (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}). | |
1067 @item C-c C-f | |
1068 Move point to the next visible heading line at the same level | |
1069 as the one point is on (@code{outline-forward-same-level}). | |
1070 @item C-c C-b | |
1071 Move point to the previous visible heading line at the same level | |
1072 (@code{outline-backward-same-level}). | |
1073 @item C-c C-u | |
1074 Move point up to a lower-level (more inclusive) visible heading line | |
1075 (@code{outline-up-heading}). | |
1076 @end table | |
1077 | |
1078 @findex outline-next-visible-heading | |
1079 @findex outline-previous-visible-heading | |
1080 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1081 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1082 @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}) moves down to the next | |
1083 heading line. @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}) moves | |
1084 similarly backward. Both accept numeric arguments as repeat counts. The | |
1085 names emphasize that invisible headings are skipped, but this is not really | |
1086 a special feature. All editing commands that look for lines ignore the | |
68701 | 1087 invisible lines automatically. |
25829 | 1088 |
1089 @findex outline-up-heading | |
1090 @findex outline-forward-same-level | |
1091 @findex outline-backward-same-level | |
1092 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1093 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1094 @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1095 More powerful motion commands understand the level structure of headings. | |
1096 @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{outline-forward-same-level}) and | |
1097 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{outline-backward-same-level}) move from one | |
1098 heading line to another visible heading at the same depth in | |
1099 the outline. @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) moves | |
1100 backward to another heading that is less deeply nested. | |
1101 | |
1102 @node Outline Visibility | |
1103 @subsection Outline Visibility Commands | |
1104 | |
1105 The other special commands of outline mode are used to make lines visible | |
1106 or invisible. Their names all start with @code{hide} or @code{show}. | |
1107 Most of them fall into pairs of opposites. They are not undoable; instead, | |
1108 you can undo right past them. Making lines visible or invisible is simply | |
1109 not recorded by the undo mechanism. | |
1110 | |
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1111 Many of these commands act on the ``current'' heading line. If |
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1112 point is on a heading line, that is the current heading line; if point |
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1113 is on a body line, the current heading line is the nearest preceding |
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1114 header line. |
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1115 |
25829 | 1116 @table @kbd |
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1117 @item C-c C-c |
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1118 Make the current heading line's body invisible (@code{hide-entry}). |
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1119 @item C-c C-e |
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1120 Make the current heading line's body visible (@code{show-entry}). |
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1121 @item C-c C-d |
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1122 Make everything under the current heading invisible, not including the |
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1123 heading itself (@code{hide-subtree}). |
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1124 @item C-c C-s |
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1125 Make everything under the current heading visible, including body, |
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1126 subheadings, and their bodies (@code{show-subtree}). |
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1127 @item C-c C-l |
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1128 Make the body of the current heading line, and of all its subheadings, |
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1129 invisible (@code{hide-leaves}). |
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1130 @item C-c C-k |
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1131 Make all subheadings of the current heading line, at all levels, |
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1132 visible (@code{show-branches}). |
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1133 @item C-c C-i |
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1134 Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of the current heading |
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1135 line visible (@code{show-children}). |
25829 | 1136 @item C-c C-t |
1137 Make all body lines in the buffer invisible (@code{hide-body}). | |
1138 @item C-c C-a | |
1139 Make all lines in the buffer visible (@code{show-all}). | |
1140 @item C-c C-q | |
1141 Hide everything except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines | |
1142 (@code{hide-sublevels}). | |
1143 @item C-c C-o | |
1144 Hide everything except for the heading or body that point is in, plus | |
1145 the headings leading up from there to the top level of the outline | |
1146 (@code{hide-other}). | |
1147 @end table | |
1148 | |
1149 @findex hide-entry | |
1150 @findex show-entry | |
1151 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1152 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1153 Two commands that are exact opposites are @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
60955
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1154 (@code{hide-entry}) and @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{show-entry}). They apply |
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1155 to the body lines directly following the current heading line. |
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1156 Subheadings and their bodies are not affected. |
25829 | 1157 |
1158 @findex hide-subtree | |
1159 @findex show-subtree | |
1160 @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1161 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1162 @cindex subtree (Outline mode) | |
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1163 Two more powerful opposites are @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{hide-subtree}) |
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1164 and @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{show-subtree}). Both apply to the current |
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1165 heading line's @dfn{subtree}: its body, all its subheadings, both |
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1166 direct and indirect, and all of their bodies. In other words, the |
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1167 subtree contains everything following the current heading line, up to |
68701 | 1168 and not including the next heading of the same or higher rank. |
25829 | 1169 |
1170 @findex hide-leaves | |
1171 @findex show-branches | |
1172 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1173 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1174 Intermediate between a visible subtree and an invisible one is having | |
1175 all the subheadings visible but none of the body. There are two | |
1176 commands for doing this, depending on whether you want to hide the | |
1177 bodies or make the subheadings visible. They are @kbd{C-c C-l} | |
1178 (@code{hide-leaves}) and @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{show-branches}). | |
1179 | |
1180 @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1181 @findex show-children | |
1182 A little weaker than @code{show-branches} is @kbd{C-c C-i} | |
1183 (@code{show-children}). It makes just the direct subheadings | |
1184 visible---those one level down. Deeper subheadings remain invisible, if | |
68701 | 1185 they were invisible. |
25829 | 1186 |
1187 @findex hide-body | |
1188 @findex show-all | |
1189 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1190 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1191 Two commands have a blanket effect on the whole file. @kbd{C-c C-t} | |
1192 (@code{hide-body}) makes all body lines invisible, so that you see just | |
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1193 the outline structure (as a special exception, it will not hide lines |
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1194 at the top of the file, preceding the first header line, even though |
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1195 these are technically body lines). @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{show-all}) |
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1196 makes all lines visible. These commands can be thought of as a pair |
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1197 of opposites even though @kbd{C-c C-a} applies to more than just body |
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1198 lines. |
25829 | 1199 |
1200 @findex hide-sublevels | |
1201 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1202 The command @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{hide-sublevels}) hides all but the | |
1203 top level headings. With a numeric argument @var{n}, it hides everything | |
1204 except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines. | |
1205 | |
1206 @findex hide-other | |
1207 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1208 The command @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{hide-other}) hides everything except | |
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1209 the heading and body text that point is in, plus its parents (the headers |
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1210 leading up from there to top level in the outline) and the top level |
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1211 headings. |
25829 | 1212 |
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1213 @findex reveal-mode |
25829 | 1214 When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode, |
1215 it makes that part of the buffer visible. If you exit the search | |
47795
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1216 at that position, the text remains visible. You can also |
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1217 automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using |
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1218 @kbd{M-x reveal-mode}. |
25829 | 1219 |
1220 @node Outline Views | |
1221 @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views | |
1222 | |
1223 @cindex multiple views of outline | |
1224 @cindex views of an outline | |
1225 @cindex outline with multiple views | |
1226 @cindex indirect buffers and outlines | |
1227 You can display two views of a single outline at the same time, in | |
1228 different windows. To do this, you must create an indirect buffer using | |
1229 @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}. The first argument of this command is | |
1230 the existing outline buffer name, and its second argument is the name to | |
1231 use for the new indirect buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}. | |
1232 | |
1233 Once the indirect buffer exists, you can display it in a window in the | |
1234 normal fashion, with @kbd{C-x 4 b} or other Emacs commands. The Outline | |
1235 mode commands to show and hide parts of the text operate on each buffer | |
1236 independently; as a result, each buffer can have its own view. If you | |
1237 want more than two views on the same outline, create additional indirect | |
1238 buffers. | |
1239 | |
28328 | 1240 @node Foldout |
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1241 @subsection Folding Editing |
28328 | 1242 |
1243 @cindex folding editing | |
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1244 The Foldout package extends Outline mode and Outline minor mode with |
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1245 ``folding'' commands. The idea of folding is that you zoom in on a |
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1246 nested portion of the outline, while hiding its relatives at higher |
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1247 levels. |
30867 | 1248 |
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1249 Consider an Outline mode buffer with all the text and subheadings under |
28328 | 1250 level-1 headings hidden. To look at what is hidden under one of these |
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1251 headings, you could use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@kbd{M-x show-entry}) to expose |
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1252 the body, or @kbd{C-c C-i} to expose the child (level-2) headings. |
28328 | 1253 |
1254 @kindex C-c C-z | |
1255 @findex foldout-zoom-subtree | |
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1256 With Foldout, you use @kbd{C-c C-z} (@kbd{M-x foldout-zoom-subtree}). |
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1257 This exposes the body and child subheadings, and narrows the buffer so |
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1258 that only the @w{level-1} heading, the body and the level-2 headings are |
28328 | 1259 visible. Now to look under one of the level-2 headings, position the |
1260 cursor on it and use @kbd{C-c C-z} again. This exposes the level-2 body | |
1261 and its level-3 child subheadings and narrows the buffer again. Zooming | |
1262 in on successive subheadings can be done as much as you like. A string | |
39267 | 1263 in the mode line shows how deep you've gone. |
28328 | 1264 |
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1265 When zooming in on a heading, to see only the child subheadings specify |
28328 | 1266 a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u C-c C-z}. The number of levels of children |
1267 can be specified too (compare @kbd{M-x show-children}), e.g.@: @kbd{M-2 | |
1268 C-c C-z} exposes two levels of child subheadings. Alternatively, the | |
39267 | 1269 body can be specified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The |
28328 | 1270 whole subtree can be expanded, similarly to @kbd{C-c C-s} (@kbd{M-x |
1271 show-subtree}), by specifying a zero argument: @kbd{M-0 C-c C-z}. | |
1272 | |
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1273 While you're zoomed in, you can still use Outline mode's exposure and |
28328 | 1274 hiding functions without disturbing Foldout. Also, since the buffer is |
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1275 narrowed, ``global'' editing actions will only affect text under the |
28328 | 1276 zoomed-in heading. This is useful for restricting changes to a |
1277 particular chapter or section of your document. | |
1278 | |
1279 @kindex C-c C-x | |
1280 @findex foldout-exit-fold | |
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1281 To unzoom (exit) a fold, use @kbd{C-c C-x} (@kbd{M-x foldout-exit-fold}). |
28328 | 1282 This hides all the text and subheadings under the top-level heading and |
1283 returns you to the previous view of the buffer. Specifying a numeric | |
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1284 argument exits that many levels of folds. Specifying a zero argument |
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1285 exits all folds. |
28328 | 1286 |
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1287 To cancel the narrowing of a fold without hiding the text and |
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1288 subheadings, specify a negative argument. For example, @kbd{M--2 C-c |
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1289 C-x} exits two folds and leaves the text and subheadings exposed. |
28328 | 1290 |
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1291 Foldout mode also provides mouse commands for entering and exiting |
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1292 folds, and for showing and hiding text: |
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1293 |
28328 | 1294 @table @asis |
40651 | 1295 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on |
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1296 @itemize @asis |
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1297 @item |
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1298 single click: expose body. |
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1299 @item |
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1300 double click: expose subheadings. |
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1301 @item |
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1302 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
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1303 @item |
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1304 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
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1305 @end itemize |
40651 | 1306 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on |
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1307 @itemize @asis |
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1308 @item |
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1309 single click: expose body. |
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1310 @item |
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1311 double click: expose subheadings. |
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1312 @item |
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1313 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
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1314 @item |
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1315 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
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1316 @end itemize |
40651 | 1317 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold |
38951
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1318 @itemize @asis |
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1319 @item |
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|
1320 single click: hide subtree. |
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|
1321 @item |
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|
1322 double click: exit fold and hide text. |
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1323 @item |
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|
1324 triple click: exit fold without hiding text. |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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|
1325 @item |
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|
1326 quad click: exit all folds and hide text. |
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|
1327 @end itemize |
28328 | 1328 @end table |
1329 | |
1330 @vindex foldout-mouse-modifiers | |
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|
1331 You can specify different modifier keys (instead of |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1332 @kbd{Control-Meta-}) by setting @code{foldout-mouse-modifiers}; but if |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1333 you have already loaded the @file{foldout.el} library, you must reload |
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|
1334 it in order for this to take effect. |
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|
1335 |
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|
1336 To use the Foldout package, you can type @kbd{M-x load-library |
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Move the Refill Mode node.
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|
1337 @key{RET} foldout @key{RET}}; or you can arrange for to do that |
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|
1338 automatically by putting this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
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|
1339 |
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|
1340 @example |
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|
1341 (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout)) |
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|
1342 @end example |
28328 | 1343 |
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|
1344 @node TeX Mode |
25829 | 1345 @section @TeX{} Mode |
1346 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
1347 @cindex La@TeX{} mode | |
1348 @cindex Sli@TeX{} mode | |
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
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1349 @cindex Doc@TeX{} mode |
25829 | 1350 @cindex mode, @TeX{} |
1351 @cindex mode, La@TeX{} | |
1352 @cindex mode, Sli@TeX{} | |
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
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1353 @cindex mode, Doc@TeX{} |
25829 | 1354 @findex tex-mode |
1355 @findex plain-tex-mode | |
1356 @findex latex-mode | |
1357 @findex slitex-mode | |
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
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1358 @findex doctex-mode |
25829 | 1359 |
68701 | 1360 @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; it is |
1361 also free software, like GNU Emacs. La@TeX{} is a simplified input | |
1362 format for @TeX{}, implemented by @TeX{} macros; it comes with @TeX{}. | |
1363 Sli@TeX{} is a special form of La@TeX{}.@footnote{Sli@TeX{} is | |
1364 obsoleted by the @samp{slides} document class in recent La@TeX{} | |
1365 versions.} Doc@TeX{} (@file{.dtx}) is a special file format in which | |
1366 the La@TeX{} sources are written, combining sources with | |
1367 documentation. | |
25829 | 1368 |
1369 Emacs has a special @TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} input files. | |
1370 It provides facilities for checking the balance of delimiters and for | |
1371 invoking @TeX{} on all or part of the file. | |
1372 | |
1373 @vindex tex-default-mode | |
60955
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|
1374 @TeX{} mode has four variants: Plain @TeX{} mode, La@TeX{} mode, |
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
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|
1375 Sli@TeX{} mode, and Doc@TeX{} mode (these distinct major modes differ |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1376 only slightly). They are designed for editing the four different |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1377 formats. The command @kbd{M-x tex-mode} looks at the contents of the |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1378 buffer to determine whether the contents appear to be either La@TeX{} |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1379 input, Sli@TeX{}, or Doc@TeX{} input; if so, it selects the |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1380 appropriate mode. If the file contents do not appear to be La@TeX{}, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1381 Sli@TeX{} or Doc@TeX{}, it selects Plain @TeX{} mode. If the contents |
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1382 are insufficient to determine this, the variable |
25829 | 1383 @code{tex-default-mode} controls which mode is used. |
1384 | |
1385 When @kbd{M-x tex-mode} does not guess right, you can use the commands | |
60955
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(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1386 @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, @kbd{M-x slitex-mode}, |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1387 and @kbd{doctex-mode} to select explicitly the particular variants of |
5270dfec18f9
(Outline Visibility): Introduce "current heading
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1388 @TeX{} mode. |
25829 | 1389 |
1390 @menu | |
1391 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode. | |
1392 * LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files. | |
1393 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. | |
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|
1394 * Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features. |
25829 | 1395 @end menu |
1396 | |
1397 @node TeX Editing | |
1398 @subsection @TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1399 | |
1400 Here are the special commands provided in @TeX{} mode for editing the | |
1401 text of the file. | |
1402 | |
1403 @table @kbd | |
1404 @item " | |
1405 Insert, according to context, either @samp{``} or @samp{"} or | |
1406 @samp{''} (@code{tex-insert-quote}). | |
1407 @item C-j | |
1408 Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous | |
1409 paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs | |
1410 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}). | |
1411 @item M-x tex-validate-region | |
1412 Check each paragraph in the region for unbalanced braces or dollar signs. | |
1413 @item C-c @{ | |
1414 Insert @samp{@{@}} and position point between them (@code{tex-insert-braces}). | |
1415 @item C-c @} | |
1416 Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (@code{up-list}). | |
1417 @end table | |
1418 | |
1419 @findex tex-insert-quote | |
1420 @kindex " @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1421 In @TeX{}, the character @samp{"} is not normally used; we use | |
1422 @samp{``} to start a quotation and @samp{''} to end one. To make | |
1423 editing easier under this formatting convention, @TeX{} mode overrides | |
1424 the normal meaning of the key @kbd{"} with a command that inserts a pair | |
1425 of single-quotes or backquotes (@code{tex-insert-quote}). To be | |
1426 precise, this command inserts @samp{``} after whitespace or an open | |
1427 brace, @samp{"} after a backslash, and @samp{''} after any other | |
1428 character. | |
1429 | |
1430 If you need the character @samp{"} itself in unusual contexts, use | |
1431 @kbd{C-q} to insert it. Also, @kbd{"} with a numeric argument always | |
1432 inserts that number of @samp{"} characters. You can turn off the | |
1433 feature of @kbd{"} expansion by eliminating that binding in the local | |
1434 map (@pxref{Key Bindings}). | |
1435 | |
1436 In @TeX{} mode, @samp{$} has a special syntax code which attempts to | |
1437 understand the way @TeX{} math mode delimiters match. When you insert a | |
1438 @samp{$} that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching | |
1439 @samp{$} that entered math mode is displayed for a second. This is the | |
1440 same feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that | |
1441 is inserted. However, there is no way to tell whether a @samp{$} enters | |
1442 math mode or leaves it; so when you insert a @samp{$} that enters math | |
1443 mode, the previous @samp{$} position is shown as if it were a match, even | |
1444 though they are actually unrelated. | |
1445 | |
1446 @findex tex-insert-braces | |
1447 @kindex C-c @{ @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1448 @findex up-list | |
1449 @kindex C-c @} @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1450 @TeX{} uses braces as delimiters that must match. Some users prefer | |
1451 to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them | |
1452 singly. Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of | |
1453 braces. It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the | |
1454 text that belongs inside. Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}} | |
1455 (@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace. | |
1456 | |
1457 @findex tex-validate-region | |
1458 @findex tex-terminate-paragraph | |
1459 @kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1460 There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. @kbd{C-j} | |
1461 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and | |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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38478
diff
changeset
|
1462 inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It outputs a message in |
25829 | 1463 the echo area if any mismatch is found. @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region} |
1464 checks a region, paragraph by paragraph. The errors are listed in the | |
1465 @samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in | |
1466 that buffer to go to a particular mismatch. | |
1467 | |
1468 Note that Emacs commands count square brackets and parentheses in | |
1469 @TeX{} mode, not just braces. This is not strictly correct for the | |
1470 purpose of checking @TeX{} syntax. However, parentheses and square | |
1471 brackets are likely to be used in text as matching delimiters and it is | |
1472 useful for the various motion commands and automatic match display to | |
1473 work with them. | |
1474 | |
1475 @node LaTeX Editing | |
1476 @subsection La@TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1477 | |
1478 La@TeX{} mode, and its variant, Sli@TeX{} mode, provide a few extra | |
1479 features not applicable to plain @TeX{}. | |
1480 | |
1481 @table @kbd | |
1482 @item C-c C-o | |
1483 Insert @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} for La@TeX{} block and position | |
1484 point on a line between them (@code{tex-latex-block}). | |
1485 @item C-c C-e | |
1486 Close the innermost La@TeX{} block not yet closed | |
1487 (@code{tex-close-latex-block}). | |
1488 @end table | |
1489 | |
1490 @findex tex-latex-block | |
1491 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1492 @vindex latex-block-names | |
1493 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands are used to | |
1494 group blocks of text. To insert a @samp{\begin} and a matching | |
1495 @samp{\end} (on a new line following the @samp{\begin}), use @kbd{C-c | |
1496 C-o} (@code{tex-latex-block}). A blank line is inserted between the | |
1497 two, and point is left there. You can use completion when you enter the | |
1498 block type; to specify additional block type names beyond the standard | |
1499 list, set the variable @code{latex-block-names}. For example, here's | |
1500 how to add @samp{theorem}, @samp{corollary}, and @samp{proof}: | |
1501 | |
1502 @example | |
1503 (setq latex-block-names '("theorem" "corollary" "proof")) | |
1504 @end example | |
1505 | |
1506 @findex tex-close-latex-block | |
1507 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1508 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands must | |
1509 balance. You can use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{tex-close-latex-block}) to | |
1510 insert automatically a matching @samp{\end} to match the last unmatched | |
1511 @samp{\begin}. It indents the @samp{\end} to match the corresponding | |
1512 @samp{\begin}. It inserts a newline after @samp{\end} if point is at | |
1513 the beginning of a line. | |
1514 | |
1515 @node TeX Print | |
1516 @subsection @TeX{} Printing Commands | |
1517 | |
1518 You can invoke @TeX{} as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire | |
1519 contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running @TeX{} in | |
1520 this way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes | |
1521 look like without taking the time to format the entire file. | |
1522 | |
1523 @table @kbd | |
1524 @item C-c C-r | |
1525 Invoke @TeX{} on the current region, together with the buffer's header | |
1526 (@code{tex-region}). | |
1527 @item C-c C-b | |
1528 Invoke @TeX{} on the entire current buffer (@code{tex-buffer}). | |
1529 @item C-c @key{TAB} | |
1530 Invoke Bib@TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-bibtex-file}). | |
1531 @item C-c C-f | |
1532 Invoke @TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-file}). | |
1533 @item C-c C-l | |
1534 Recenter the window showing output from the inferior @TeX{} so that | |
1535 the last line can be seen (@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}). | |
1536 @item C-c C-k | |
1537 Kill the @TeX{} subprocess (@code{tex-kill-job}). | |
1538 @item C-c C-p | |
1539 Print the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1540 C-f} command (@code{tex-print}). | |
1541 @item C-c C-v | |
1542 Preview the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1543 C-f} command (@code{tex-view}). | |
1544 @item C-c C-q | |
1545 Show the printer queue (@code{tex-show-print-queue}). | |
61849
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(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
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diff
changeset
|
1546 @item C-c C-c |
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(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
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diff
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|
1547 Invoke some other compilation command on the entire current buffer |
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(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
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diff
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|
1548 (@code{tex-compile}). |
25829 | 1549 @end table |
1550 | |
1551 @findex tex-buffer | |
1552 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1553 @findex tex-print | |
1554 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1555 @findex tex-view | |
1556 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1557 @findex tex-show-print-queue | |
1558 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1559 You can pass the current buffer through an inferior @TeX{} by means of | |
1560 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{tex-buffer}). The formatted output appears in a | |
1561 temporary file; to print it, type @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{tex-print}). | |
1562 Afterward, you can use @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{tex-show-print-queue}) to | |
1563 view the progress of your output towards being printed. If your terminal | |
1564 has the ability to display @TeX{} output files, you can preview the | |
1565 output on the terminal with @kbd{C-c C-v} (@code{tex-view}). | |
1566 | |
29107 | 1567 @cindex @env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable |
25829 | 1568 @vindex tex-directory |
1569 You can specify the directory to use for running @TeX{} by setting the | |
1570 variable @code{tex-directory}. @code{"."} is the default value. If | |
29107 | 1571 your environment variable @env{TEXINPUTS} contains relative directory |
25829 | 1572 names, or if your files contains @samp{\input} commands with relative |
1573 file names, then @code{tex-directory} @emph{must} be @code{"."} or you | |
1574 will get the wrong results. Otherwise, it is safe to specify some other | |
1575 directory, such as @code{"/tmp"}. | |
1576 | |
1577 @vindex tex-run-command | |
1578 @vindex latex-run-command | |
1579 @vindex slitex-run-command | |
1580 @vindex tex-dvi-print-command | |
1581 @vindex tex-dvi-view-command | |
1582 @vindex tex-show-queue-command | |
1583 If you want to specify which shell commands are used in the inferior @TeX{}, | |
1584 you can do so by setting the values of the variables @code{tex-run-command}, | |
1585 @code{latex-run-command}, @code{slitex-run-command}, | |
1586 @code{tex-dvi-print-command}, @code{tex-dvi-view-command}, and | |
1587 @code{tex-show-queue-command}. You @emph{must} set the value of | |
1588 @code{tex-dvi-view-command} for your particular terminal; this variable | |
1589 has no default value. The other variables have default values that may | |
1590 (or may not) be appropriate for your system. | |
1591 | |
1592 Normally, the file name given to these commands comes at the end of | |
1593 the command string; for example, @samp{latex @var{filename}}. In some | |
1594 cases, however, the file name needs to be embedded in the command; an | |
1595 example is when you need to provide the file name as an argument to one | |
1596 command whose output is piped to another. You can specify where to put | |
1597 the file name with @samp{*} in the command string. For example, | |
1598 | |
1599 @example | |
1600 (setq tex-dvi-print-command "dvips -f * | lpr") | |
1601 @end example | |
1602 | |
1603 @findex tex-kill-job | |
1604 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1605 @findex tex-recenter-output-buffer | |
1606 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1607 The terminal output from @TeX{}, including any error messages, appears | |
1608 in a buffer called @samp{*tex-shell*}. If @TeX{} gets an error, you can | |
1609 switch to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode; | |
1610 @pxref{Interactive Shell}). Without switching to this buffer you can | |
1611 scroll it so that its last line is visible by typing @kbd{C-c | |
1612 C-l}. | |
1613 | |
1614 Type @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{tex-kill-job}) to kill the @TeX{} process if | |
1615 you see that its output is no longer useful. Using @kbd{C-c C-b} or | |
68701 | 1616 @kbd{C-c C-r} also kills any @TeX{} process still running. |
25829 | 1617 |
1618 @findex tex-region | |
1619 @kindex C-c C-r @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1620 You can also pass an arbitrary region through an inferior @TeX{} by typing | |
1621 @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{tex-region}). This is tricky, however, because most files | |
1622 of @TeX{} input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and | |
1623 define macros, without which no later part of the file will format | |
1624 correctly. To solve this problem, @kbd{C-c C-r} allows you to designate a | |
1625 part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included before | |
1626 the specified region as part of the input to @TeX{}. The designated part | |
1627 of the file is called the @dfn{header}. | |
1628 | |
1629 @cindex header (@TeX{} mode) | |
1630 To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain @TeX{} mode, you insert two | |
1631 special strings in the file. Insert @samp{%**start of header} before the | |
1632 header, and @samp{%**end of header} after it. Each string must appear | |
1633 entirely on one line, but there may be other text on the line before or | |
1634 after. The lines containing the two strings are included in the header. | |
1635 If @samp{%**start of header} does not appear within the first 100 lines of | |
1636 the buffer, @kbd{C-c C-r} assumes that there is no header. | |
1637 | |
1638 In La@TeX{} mode, the header begins with @samp{\documentclass} or | |
1639 @samp{\documentstyle} and ends with @samp{\begin@{document@}}. These | |
1640 are commands that La@TeX{} requires you to use in any case, so nothing | |
1641 special needs to be done to identify the header. | |
1642 | |
1643 @findex tex-file | |
1644 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1645 The commands (@code{tex-buffer}) and (@code{tex-region}) do all of their | |
1646 work in a temporary directory, and do not have available any of the auxiliary | |
1647 files needed by @TeX{} for cross-references; these commands are generally | |
1648 not suitable for running the final copy in which all of the cross-references | |
1649 need to be correct. | |
1650 | |
1651 When you want the auxiliary files for cross references, use @kbd{C-c | |
1652 C-f} (@code{tex-file}) which runs @TeX{} on the current buffer's file, | |
1653 in that file's directory. Before running @TeX{}, it offers to save any | |
1654 modified buffers. Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to | |
1655 get the cross-references right. | |
1656 | |
46209
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1657 @vindex tex-start-options |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1658 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1659 options for the @TeX{} run. |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1660 |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1661 @vindex tex-start-commands |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1662 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{} |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1663 commands for starting @TeX{}. The default value causes @TeX{} to run |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1664 in nonstop mode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to |
f80386540ed6
Doc tex-start-options and tex-start-commands
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
45312
diff
changeset
|
1665 @code{""}. |
25829 | 1666 |
1667 @vindex tex-main-file | |
1668 Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main | |
1669 file, plus subfiles. Running @TeX{} on a subfile typically does not | |
1670 work; you have to run it on the main file. In order to make | |
1671 @code{tex-file} useful when you are editing a subfile, you can set the | |
1672 variable @code{tex-main-file} to the name of the main file. Then | |
1673 @code{tex-file} runs @TeX{} on that file. | |
1674 | |
1675 The most convenient way to use @code{tex-main-file} is to specify it | |
1676 in a local variable list in each of the subfiles. @xref{File | |
1677 Variables}. | |
1678 | |
1679 @findex tex-bibtex-file | |
1680 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1681 @vindex tex-bibtex-command | |
1682 For La@TeX{} files, you can use Bib@TeX{} to process the auxiliary | |
1683 file for the current buffer's file. Bib@TeX{} looks up bibliographic | |
1684 citations in a data base and prepares the cited references for the | |
68313 | 1685 bibliography section. The command @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} |
25829 | 1686 (@code{tex-bibtex-file}) runs the shell command |
1687 (@code{tex-bibtex-command}) to produce a @samp{.bbl} file for the | |
1688 current buffer's file. Generally, you need to do @kbd{C-c C-f} | |
1689 (@code{tex-file}) once to generate the @samp{.aux} file, then do | |
68313 | 1690 @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{tex-bibtex-file}), and then repeat @kbd{C-c C-f} |
25829 | 1691 (@code{tex-file}) twice more to get the cross-references correct. |
1692 | |
61849
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1693 @findex tex-compile |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1694 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(@TeX{} mode)} |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1695 To invoke some other compilation program on the current @TeX{} |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1696 buffer, type @kbd{C-c C-c} (@code{tex-compile}). This command knows |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1697 how to pass arguments to many common programs, including |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1698 @file{pdflatex}, @file{yap}, @file{xdvi}, and @file{dvips}. You can |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1699 select your desired compilation program using the standard completion |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1700 keys (@pxref{Completion}). |
56749022baa0
(TeX Print): Document tex-compile.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
61115
diff
changeset
|
1701 |
36179
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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32782
diff
changeset
|
1702 @node TeX Misc |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1703 @subsection @TeX{} Mode Miscellany |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1704 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
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diff
changeset
|
1705 @vindex tex-shell-hook |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1706 @vindex tex-mode-hook |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1707 @vindex latex-mode-hook |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1708 @vindex slitex-mode-hook |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1709 @vindex plain-tex-mode-hook |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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32782
diff
changeset
|
1710 Entering any variant of @TeX{} mode runs the hooks |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1711 @code{text-mode-hook} and @code{tex-mode-hook}. Then it runs either |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1712 @code{plain-tex-mode-hook}, @code{latex-mode-hook}, or |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1713 @code{slitex-mode-hook}, whichever is appropriate. Starting the |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1714 @TeX{} shell runs the hook @code{tex-shell-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1715 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1716 @findex iso-iso2tex |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1717 @findex iso-tex2iso |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1718 @findex iso-iso2gtex |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1719 @findex iso-gtex2iso |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1720 @cindex Latin-1 @TeX{} encoding |
57340
e48fd292dadd
Various small changes in addition to the following.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56529
diff
changeset
|
1721 @cindex @TeX{} encoding |
36179
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1722 The commands @kbd{M-x iso-iso2tex}, @kbd{M-x iso-tex2iso}, @kbd{M-x |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1723 iso-iso2gtex} and @kbd{M-x iso-gtex2iso} can be used to convert |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1724 between Latin-1 encoded files and @TeX{}-encoded equivalents. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1725 @ignore |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1726 @c Too cryptic to be useful, too cryptic for me to make it better -- rms. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1727 They |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1728 are included by default in the @code{format-alist} variable, so they |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1729 can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-file}, for instance. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1730 @end ignore |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1731 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1732 @ignore @c Not worth documenting if it is only for Czech -- rms. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1733 @findex tildify-buffer |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1734 @findex tildify-region |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1735 @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1736 @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1737 The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region} |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1738 insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1739 required. This is set up for Czech---customize the group |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1740 @samp{tildify} for other languages or for other sorts of markup. |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1741 @end ignore |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1742 |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1743 @cindex Ref@TeX{} package |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1744 @cindex references, La@TeX{} |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1745 @cindex La@TeX{} references |
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
32782
diff
changeset
|
1746 For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use |
57340
e48fd292dadd
Various small changes in addition to the following.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56529
diff
changeset
|
1747 Ref@TeX{}. @inforef{Top,, reftex}. |
36179
32fc1ec13574
Move the Refill Mode node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1748 |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1749 @node HTML Mode |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1750 @section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1751 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1752 The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1753 commands to operate on tags. This section describes the special |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1754 commands of these modes. (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1755 of SGML mode.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1756 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1757 @table @kbd |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1758 @item C-c C-n |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1759 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1760 @findex sgml-name-char |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1761 Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1762 @samp{&}-command for that character. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1763 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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46209
diff
changeset
|
1764 @item C-c C-t |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1765 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1766 @findex sgml-tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1767 Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1768 This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values, |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1769 then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1770 between them. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1771 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1772 With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1773 @var{n} words already present in the buffer after point. With |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1774 @minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region. (In |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1775 Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1776 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1777 @item C-c C-a |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1778 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1779 @findex sgml-attributes |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1780 Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1781 (@code{sgml-attributes}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1782 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1783 @item C-c C-f |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1784 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1785 @findex sgml-skip-tag-forward |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1786 Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1787 through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). |
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1788 A numeric argument acts as a repeat count. |
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1789 |
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1790 @item C-c C-b |
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1791 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1792 @findex sgml-skip-tag-backward |
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1793 Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an |
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|
1794 opening tag through its corresponding closing tag) |
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1795 (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). A numeric argument acts as a repeat |
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|
1796 count. |
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|
1797 |
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1798 @item C-c C-d |
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1799 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1800 @findex sgml-delete-tag |
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1801 Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too |
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1802 (@code{sgml-delete-tag}). If the tag at or after point is an opening |
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1803 tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the |
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|
1804 opening tag too. |
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1805 |
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1806 @item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET} |
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1807 @kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1808 @findex sgml-tag-help |
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1809 Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag} |
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1810 (@code{sgml-tag-help}). If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe |
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1811 the tag at point. |
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1812 |
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1813 @item C-c / |
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1814 @kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1815 @findex sgml-close-tag |
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1816 Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag |
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1817 (@code{sgml-close-tag}). If called from within a tag or a comment, |
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1818 close this element instead of inserting a close tag. |
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1819 |
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1820 @item C-c 8 |
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1821 @kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1822 @findex sgml-name-8bit-mode |
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1823 Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the |
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1824 corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the |
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1825 characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}). |
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1826 |
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1827 @item C-c C-v |
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1828 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1829 @findex sgml-validate |
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1830 Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current |
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1831 buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}). |
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1832 |
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1833 @item C-x TAB |
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1834 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)} |
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1835 @findex sgml-tags-invisible |
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1836 Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer. This can be |
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1837 used as a cheap preview. |
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1838 @end table |
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1839 |
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1840 @vindex sgml-xml-mode |
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1841 SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also. In XML, every opening tag |
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1842 must have an explicit closing tag. When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is |
68701 | 1843 non-@code{nil}, SGML mode and HTML mode always insert explicit |
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1844 closing tags. When you visit a file, these modes determine from the |
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1845 file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode} |
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1846 accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either |
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1847 case. |
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1848 |
25829 | 1849 @node Nroff Mode |
1850 @section Nroff Mode | |
1851 | |
1852 @cindex nroff | |
1853 @findex nroff-mode | |
1854 Nroff mode is a mode like Text mode but modified to handle nroff commands | |
1855 present in the text. Invoke @kbd{M-x nroff-mode} to enter this mode. It | |
1856 differs from Text mode in only a few ways. All nroff command lines are | |
1857 considered paragraph separators, so that filling will never garble the | |
1858 nroff commands. Pages are separated by @samp{.bp} commands. Comments | |
1859 start with backslash-doublequote. Also, three special commands are | |
1860 provided that are not in Text mode: | |
1861 | |
1862 @findex forward-text-line | |
1863 @findex backward-text-line | |
1864 @findex count-text-lines | |
1865 @kindex M-n @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1866 @kindex M-p @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1867 @kindex M-? @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1868 @table @kbd | |
1869 @item M-n | |
1870 Move to the beginning of the next line that isn't an nroff command | |
1871 (@code{forward-text-line}). An argument is a repeat count. | |
1872 @item M-p | |
1873 Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}). | |
1874 @item M-? | |
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1875 Displays in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not |
25829 | 1876 nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}). |
1877 @end table | |
1878 | |
1879 @findex electric-nroff-mode | |
1880 The other feature of Nroff mode is that you can turn on Electric Nroff | |
1881 mode. This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
1882 electric-nroff-mode} (@pxref{Minor Modes}). When the mode is on, each | |
1883 time you use @key{RET} to end a line that contains an nroff command that | |
1884 opens a kind of grouping, the matching nroff command to close that | |
1885 grouping is automatically inserted on the following line. For example, | |
1886 if you are at the beginning of a line and type @kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}}, | |
1887 this inserts the matching command @samp{.)b} on a new line following | |
1888 point. | |
1889 | |
1890 If you use Outline minor mode with Nroff mode (@pxref{Outline Mode}), | |
1891 heading lines are lines of the form @samp{.H} followed by a number (the | |
1892 header level). | |
1893 | |
1894 @vindex nroff-mode-hook | |
1895 Entering Nroff mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}, followed by | |
1896 the hook @code{nroff-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
1897 | |
1898 @node Formatted Text | |
1899 @section Editing Formatted Text | |
1900 | |
1901 @cindex Enriched mode | |
1902 @cindex mode, Enriched | |
1903 @cindex formatted text | |
1904 @cindex WYSIWYG | |
1905 @cindex word processing | |
1906 @dfn{Enriched mode} is a minor mode for editing files that contain | |
1907 formatted text in WYSIWYG fashion, as in a word processor. Currently, | |
1908 formatted text in Enriched mode can specify fonts, colors, underlining, | |
1909 margins, and types of filling and justification. In the future, we plan | |
1910 to implement other formatting features as well. | |
1911 | |
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1912 Enriched mode is a minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). It is |
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1913 typically used in conjunction with Text mode (@pxref{Text Mode}), but |
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1914 you can also use it with other major modes such as Outline mode and |
25829 | 1915 Paragraph-Indent Text mode. |
1916 | |
30867 | 1917 @cindex text/enriched MIME format |
25829 | 1918 Potentially, Emacs can store formatted text files in various file |
1919 formats. Currently, only one format is implemented: @dfn{text/enriched} | |
1920 format, which is defined by the MIME protocol. @xref{Format | |
1921 Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, | |
1922 for details of how Emacs recognizes and converts file formats. | |
1923 | |
1924 The Emacs distribution contains a formatted text file that can serve as | |
1925 an example. Its name is @file{etc/enriched.doc}. It contains samples | |
1926 illustrating all the features described in this section. It also | |
1927 contains a list of ideas for future enhancements. | |
1928 | |
1929 @menu | |
1930 * Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode. | |
1931 * Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines. | |
1932 * Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties. | |
1933 * Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc. | |
1934 * Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text. | |
1935 * Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins. | |
1936 * Justification: Format Justification. | |
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1937 Centering, setting text flush with the |
25829 | 1938 left or right margin, etc. |
1939 * Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu. | |
1940 * Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode. | |
1941 @end menu | |
1942 | |
1943 @node Requesting Formatted Text | |
1944 @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text | |
1945 | |
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1946 Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched |
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1947 format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the |
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1948 file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text |
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1949 properties}), and turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 1950 |
1951 @findex enriched-mode | |
1952 To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent | |
1953 file, then type @kbd{M-x enriched-mode} before you start inserting text. | |
1954 This command turns on Enriched mode. Do this before you begin inserting | |
1955 text, to ensure that the text you insert is handled properly. | |
1956 | |
1957 More generally, the command @code{enriched-mode} turns Enriched mode | |
1958 on if it was off, and off if it was on. With a prefix argument, this | |
1959 command turns Enriched mode on if the argument is positive, and turns | |
1960 the mode off otherwise. | |
1961 | |
1962 When you save a buffer while Enriched mode is enabled in it, Emacs | |
1963 automatically converts the text to text/enriched format while writing it | |
1964 into the file. When you visit the file again, Emacs will automatically | |
1965 recognize the format, reconvert the text, and turn on Enriched mode | |
1966 again. | |
1967 | |
1968 @vindex enriched-translations | |
1969 You can add annotations for saving additional text properties, which | |
1970 Emacs normally does not save, by adding to @code{enriched-translations}. | |
1971 Note that the text/enriched standard requires any non-standard | |
1972 annotations to have names starting with @samp{x-}, as in | |
1973 @samp{x-read-only}. This ensures that they will not conflict with | |
1974 standard annotations that may be added later. | |
1975 | |
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1976 @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, |
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1977 for more information about text properties. |
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1978 |
25829 | 1979 @node Hard and Soft Newlines |
1980 @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines | |
1981 @cindex hard newline | |
1982 @cindex soft newline | |
1983 @cindex newlines, hard and soft | |
1984 | |
59889 | 1985 @cindex use-hard-newlines |
25829 | 1986 In formatted text, Emacs distinguishes between two different kinds of |
59889 | 1987 newlines, @dfn{hard} newlines and @dfn{soft} newlines. (You can enable |
1988 or disable this feature separately in any buffer with the command | |
1989 @code{use-hard-newlines}.) | |
25829 | 1990 |
1991 Hard newlines are used to separate paragraphs, or items in a list, or | |
1992 anywhere that there should always be a line break regardless of the | |
1993 margins. The @key{RET} command (@code{newline}) and @kbd{C-o} | |
1994 (@code{open-line}) insert hard newlines. | |
1995 | |
1996 Soft newlines are used to make text fit between the margins. All the | |
1997 fill commands, including Auto Fill, insert soft newlines---and they | |
1998 delete only soft newlines. | |
1999 | |
2000 Although hard and soft newlines look the same, it is important to bear | |
2001 the difference in mind. Do not use @key{RET} to break lines in the | |
2002 middle of filled paragraphs, or else you will get hard newlines that are | |
2003 barriers to further filling. Instead, let Auto Fill mode break lines, | |
2004 so that if the text or the margins change, Emacs can refill the lines | |
2005 properly. @xref{Auto Fill}. | |
2006 | |
2007 On the other hand, in tables and lists, where the lines should always | |
2008 remain as you type them, you can use @key{RET} to end lines. For these | |
2009 lines, you may also want to set the justification style to | |
2010 @code{unfilled}. @xref{Format Justification}. | |
2011 | |
2012 @node Editing Format Info | |
2013 @subsection Editing Format Information | |
2014 | |
2015 There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted | |
2016 text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse. | |
2017 | |
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2018 The easiest way to add properties to your document is with the Text |
25829 | 2019 Properties menu. You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit |
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2020 menu in the menu bar (use @kbd{@key{F10} e t} if you have no mouse), |
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2021 or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key and press the middle |
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2022 mouse button). There are also keyboard commands described in the |
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2023 following section. |
25829 | 2024 |
2025 Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus. | |
2026 These are described in the sections that follow. Some items run | |
2027 commands directly: | |
2028 | |
2029 @table @code | |
40778 | 2030 @findex facemenu-remove-face-props |
2031 @item Remove Face Properties | |
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|
2032 Delete from the region all face and color text properties |
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|
2033 (@code{facemenu-remove-face-props}). |
25829 | 2034 |
2035 @findex facemenu-remove-all | |
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|
2036 @item Remove Text Properties |
25829 | 2037 Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region |
2038 (@code{facemenu-remove-all}). | |
2039 | |
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|
2040 @findex describe-text-properties |
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|
2041 @cindex text properties of characters |
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|
2042 @cindex overlays at character position |
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diff
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|
2043 @cindex widgets at buffer position |
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|
2044 @cindex buttons at buffer position |
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|
2045 @item Describe Properties |
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|
2046 List all the text properties, widgets, buttons, and overlays of the |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2047 character following point (@code{describe-text-properties}). |
25829 | 2048 |
2049 @item Display Faces | |
40778 | 2050 Display a list of all the defined faces (@code{list-faces-display}). |
25829 | 2051 |
2052 @item Display Colors | |
40778 | 2053 Display a list of all the defined colors (@code{list-colors-display}). |
25829 | 2054 @end table |
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|
2055 |
25829 | 2056 @node Format Faces |
2057 @subsection Faces in Formatted Text | |
2058 | |
2059 The Faces submenu lists various Emacs faces including @code{bold}, | |
2060 @code{italic}, and @code{underline}. Selecting one of these adds the | |
2061 chosen face to the region. @xref{Faces}. You can also specify a face | |
2062 with these keyboard commands: | |
2063 | |
2064 @table @kbd | |
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(Format Faces): Replace old M-g key prefix with M-o.
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|
2065 @kindex M-o d @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2066 @findex facemenu-set-default |
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2067 @item M-o d |
25829 | 2068 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{default} face |
2069 (@code{facemenu-set-default}). | |
60802
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|
2070 @kindex M-o b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2071 @findex facemenu-set-bold |
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|
2072 @item M-o b |
25829 | 2073 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold} face |
2074 (@code{facemenu-set-bold}). | |
60802
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|
2075 @kindex M-o i @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2076 @findex facemenu-set-italic |
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|
2077 @item M-o i |
25829 | 2078 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{italic} face |
2079 (@code{facemenu-set-italic}). | |
60802
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2080 @kindex M-o l @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2081 @findex facemenu-set-bold-italic |
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|
2082 @item M-o l |
25829 | 2083 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold-italic} face |
2084 (@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}). | |
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|
2085 @kindex M-o u @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2086 @findex facemenu-set-underline |
60802
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|
2087 @item M-o u |
25829 | 2088 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{underline} face |
2089 (@code{facemenu-set-underline}). | |
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|
2090 @kindex M-o o @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2091 @findex facemenu-set-face |
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|
2092 @item M-o o @var{face} @key{RET} |
25829 | 2093 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the face @var{face} |
2094 (@code{facemenu-set-face}). | |
2095 @end table | |
2096 | |
2097 If you use these commands with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark | |
2098 mode, if the region is not active---then these commands specify a face | |
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|
2099 to use for any immediately following self-inserting input. |
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|
2100 @xref{Transient Mark}. This applies to both the keyboard commands and |
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|
2101 the menu commands. |
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|
2102 |
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|
2103 Specifying the @code{default} face also resets foreground and |
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|
2104 background color to their defaults.(@pxref{Format Colors}). |
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|
2105 |
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|
2106 Any self-inserting character you type inherits, by default, the face |
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|
2107 properties (as well as most other text properties) of the preceding |
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|
2108 character. Specifying any face property, including foreground or |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2109 background color, for your next self-inserting character will prevent |
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|
2110 it from inheriting any face properties from the preceding character, |
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|
2111 although it will still inherit other text properties. Characters |
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|
2112 inserted by yanking do not inherit text properties. |
25829 | 2113 |
2114 Enriched mode defines two additional faces: @code{excerpt} and | |
2115 @code{fixed}. These correspond to codes used in the text/enriched file | |
2116 format. | |
2117 | |
2118 The @code{excerpt} face is intended for quotations. This face is the | |
2119 same as @code{italic} unless you customize it (@pxref{Face Customization}). | |
2120 | |
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|
2121 The @code{fixed} face means, ``Use a fixed-width font for this part |
57340
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|
2122 of the text.'' Applying the @code{fixed} face to a part of the text |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2123 will cause that part of the text to appear in a fixed-width font, even |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2124 if the default font is variable-width. This applies to Emacs and to |
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|
2125 other systems that display text/enriched format. So if you |
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|
2126 specifically want a certain part of the text to use a fixed-width |
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|
2127 font, you should specify the @code{fixed} face for that part. |
25829 | 2128 |
57340
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|
2129 By default, the @code{fixed} face looks the same as @code{bold}. |
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|
2130 This is an attempt to distinguish it from @code{default}. You may |
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|
2131 wish to customize @code{fixed} to some other fixed-width medium font. |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2132 @xref{Face Customization}. |
25829 | 2133 |
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|
2134 If your terminal cannot display different faces, you will not be |
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|
2135 able to see them, but you can still edit documents containing faces, |
d91ec7a1c11e
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|
2136 and even add faces and colors to documents. The faces you specify |
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|
2137 will be visible when the file is viewed on a terminal that can display |
d91ec7a1c11e
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|
2138 them. |
25829 | 2139 |
2140 @node Format Colors | |
2141 @subsection Colors in Formatted Text | |
2142 | |
2143 You can specify foreground and background colors for portions of the | |
2144 text. There is a menu for specifying the foreground color and a menu | |
2145 for specifying the background color. Each color menu lists all the | |
2146 colors that you have used in Enriched mode in the current Emacs session. | |
2147 | |
57340
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2148 If you specify a color with a prefix argument---or, in Transient |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2149 Mark mode, if the region is not active---then it applies to any |
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|
2150 immediately following self-inserting input. @xref{Transient Mark}. |
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|
2151 Otherwise, the command applies to the region. |
25829 | 2152 |
2153 Each color menu contains one additional item: @samp{Other}. You can use | |
2154 this item to specify a color that is not listed in the menu; it reads | |
57340
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2155 the color name with the minibuffer. To display a list of available colors |
25829 | 2156 and their names, use the @samp{Display Colors} menu item in the Text |
2157 Properties menu (@pxref{Editing Format Info}). | |
2158 | |
2159 Any color that you specify in this way, or that is mentioned in a | |
57340
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2160 formatted text file that you read in, is added to the corresponding |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2161 color menu for the duration of the Emacs session. |
25829 | 2162 |
2163 @findex facemenu-set-foreground | |
2164 @findex facemenu-set-background | |
2165 There are no key bindings for specifying colors, but you can do so | |
2166 with the extended commands @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground} and | |
2167 @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}. Both of these commands read the name | |
2168 of the color with the minibuffer. | |
2169 | |
2170 @node Format Indentation | |
2171 @subsection Indentation in Formatted Text | |
2172 | |
2173 When editing formatted text, you can specify different amounts of | |
2174 indentation for the right or left margin of an entire paragraph or a | |
2175 part of a paragraph. The margins you specify automatically affect the | |
2176 Emacs fill commands (@pxref{Filling}) and line-breaking commands. | |
2177 | |
2178 The Indentation submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2179 these properties. The submenu contains four items: | |
2180 | |
2181 @table @code | |
2182 @kindex C-x TAB @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2183 @findex increase-left-margin | |
2184 @item Indent More | |
2185 Indent the region by 4 columns (@code{increase-left-margin}). In | |
2186 Enriched mode, this command is also available on @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}; if | |
2187 you supply a numeric argument, that says how many columns to add to the | |
2188 margin (a negative argument reduces the number of columns). | |
2189 | |
2190 @item Indent Less | |
2191 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the region. | |
2192 | |
2193 @item Indent Right More | |
2194 Make the text narrower by indenting 4 columns at the right margin. | |
2195 | |
2196 @item Indent Right Less | |
2197 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the right margin. | |
2198 @end table | |
2199 | |
2200 You can use these commands repeatedly to increase or decrease the | |
2201 indentation. | |
2202 | |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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|
2203 The most common way to use them is to change the indentation of an |
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|
2204 entire paragraph. For other uses, the effects of refilling can be |
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|
2205 hard to predict, except in some special cases like the one described |
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|
2206 next. |
25829 | 2207 |
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|
2208 The most common other use is to format paragraphs with @dfn{hanging |
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|
2209 indents}, which means that the first line is indented less than |
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|
2210 subsequent lines. To set up a hanging indent, increase the |
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|
2211 indentation of the region starting after the first word of the |
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|
2212 paragraph and running until the end of the paragraph. |
25829 | 2213 |
2214 Indenting the first line of a paragraph is easier. Set the margin for | |
2215 the whole paragraph where you want it to be for the body of the | |
2216 paragraph, then indent the first line by inserting extra spaces or tabs. | |
2217 | |
2218 @vindex standard-indent | |
2219 The variable @code{standard-indent} specifies how many columns these | |
2220 commands should add to or subtract from the indentation. The default | |
2221 value is 4. The overall default right margin for Enriched mode is | |
2222 controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}, as usual. | |
2223 | |
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|
2224 @kindex C-c [ @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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|
2225 @kindex C-c ] @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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|
2226 @findex set-left-margin |
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|
2227 @findex set-right-margin |
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|
2228 There are also two commands for setting the left or right margin of |
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|
2229 the region absolutely: @code{set-left-margin} and |
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|
2230 @code{set-right-margin}. Enriched mode binds these commands to |
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|
2231 @kbd{C-c [} and @kbd{C-c ]}, respectively. You can specify the |
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|
2232 margin width either with a numeric argument or in the minibuffer. |
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|
2233 |
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|
2234 Sometimes, as a result of editing, the filling of a paragraph becomes |
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|
2235 messed up---parts of the paragraph may extend past the left or right |
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2236 margins. When this happens, use @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) to |
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2237 refill the paragraph. |
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2238 |
25829 | 2239 The fill prefix, if any, works in addition to the specified paragraph |
2240 indentation: @kbd{C-x .} does not include the specified indentation's | |
2241 whitespace in the new value for the fill prefix, and the fill commands | |
2242 look for the fill prefix after the indentation on each line. @xref{Fill | |
2243 Prefix}. | |
2244 | |
2245 @node Format Justification | |
2246 @subsection Justification in Formatted Text | |
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2247 |
25829 | 2248 When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of |
2249 justification for a paragraph. The style you specify automatically | |
2250 affects the Emacs fill commands. | |
2251 | |
2252 The Justification submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2253 the style. The submenu contains five items: | |
2254 | |
2255 @table @code | |
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2256 @item Left |
25829 | 2257 This is the most common style of justification (at least for English). |
2258 Lines are aligned at the left margin but left uneven at the right. | |
2259 | |
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2260 @item Right |
25829 | 2261 This aligns each line with the right margin. Spaces and tabs are added |
2262 on the left, if necessary, to make lines line up on the right. | |
2263 | |
2264 @item Full | |
2265 This justifies the text, aligning both edges of each line. Justified | |
2266 text looks very nice in a printed book, where the spaces can all be | |
2267 adjusted equally, but it does not look as nice with a fixed-width font | |
2268 on the screen. Perhaps a future version of Emacs will be able to adjust | |
2269 the width of spaces in a line to achieve elegant justification. | |
2270 | |
2271 @item Center | |
2272 This centers every line between the current margins. | |
2273 | |
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2274 @item Unfilled |
25829 | 2275 This turns off filling entirely. Each line will remain as you wrote it; |
2276 the fill and auto-fill functions will have no effect on text which has | |
2277 this setting. You can, however, still indent the left margin. In | |
2278 unfilled regions, all newlines are treated as hard newlines (@pxref{Hard | |
2279 and Soft Newlines}) . | |
2280 @end table | |
2281 | |
2282 In Enriched mode, you can also specify justification from the keyboard | |
2283 using the @kbd{M-j} prefix character: | |
2284 | |
2285 @table @kbd | |
2286 @kindex M-j l @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2287 @findex set-justification-left | |
2288 @item M-j l | |
2289 Make the region left-filled (@code{set-justification-left}). | |
2290 @kindex M-j r @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2291 @findex set-justification-right | |
2292 @item M-j r | |
2293 Make the region right-filled (@code{set-justification-right}). | |
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2294 @kindex M-j b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2295 @findex set-justification-full |
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2296 @item M-j b |
54477 | 2297 Make the region fully justified (@code{set-justification-full}). |
25829 | 2298 @kindex M-j c @r{(Enriched mode)} |
2299 @kindex M-S @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2300 @findex set-justification-center | |
2301 @item M-j c | |
2302 @itemx M-S | |
2303 Make the region centered (@code{set-justification-center}). | |
2304 @kindex M-j u @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2305 @findex set-justification-none | |
2306 @item M-j u | |
2307 Make the region unfilled (@code{set-justification-none}). | |
2308 @end table | |
2309 | |
2310 Justification styles apply to entire paragraphs. All the | |
2311 justification-changing commands operate on the paragraph containing | |
2312 point, or, if the region is active, on all paragraphs which overlap the | |
2313 region. | |
2314 | |
2315 @vindex default-justification | |
2316 The default justification style is specified by the variable | |
2317 @code{default-justification}. Its value should be one of the symbols | |
2318 @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}. | |
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2319 This is a per-buffer variable. Setting the variable directly affects |
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2320 only the current buffer. However, customizing it in a Custom buffer |
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2321 sets (as always) the default value for buffers that do not override it. |
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2322 @xref{Locals}, and @ref{Easy Customization}. |
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2323 |
25829 | 2324 @node Format Properties |
2325 @subsection Setting Other Text Properties | |
2326 | |
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2327 The Special Properties menu lets you add or remove three other useful text |
25829 | 2328 properties: @code{read-only}, @code{invisible} and @code{intangible}. |
2329 The @code{intangible} property disallows moving point within the text, | |
2330 the @code{invisible} text property hides text from display, and the | |
2331 @code{read-only} property disallows alteration of the text. | |
2332 | |
2333 Each of these special properties has a menu item to add it to the | |
2334 region. The last menu item, @samp{Remove Special}, removes all of these | |
2335 special properties from the text in the region. | |
2336 | |
2337 Currently, the @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} properties are | |
2338 @emph{not} saved in the text/enriched format. The @code{read-only} | |
2339 property is saved, but it is not a standard part of the text/enriched | |
2340 format, so other editors may not respect it. | |
2341 | |
2342 @node Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2343 @subsection Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2344 | |
2345 Normally, Emacs knows when you are editing formatted text because it | |
2346 recognizes the special annotations used in the file that you visited. | |
2347 However, there are situations in which you must take special actions | |
2348 to convert file contents or turn on Enriched mode: | |
2349 | |
2350 @itemize @bullet | |
2351 @item | |
2352 When you visit a file that was created with some other editor, Emacs may | |
2353 not recognize the file as being in the text/enriched format. In this | |
2354 case, when you visit the file you will see the formatting commands | |
2355 rather than the formatted text. Type @kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer} to | |
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2356 translate it. This also automatically turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 2357 |
2358 @item | |
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2359 When you @emph{insert} a file into a buffer, rather than visiting it, |
25829 | 2360 Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but |
2361 it does not enable Enriched mode. If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x | |
2362 enriched-mode}. | |
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2363 @end itemize |
25829 | 2364 |
2365 The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various | |
2366 formats into Emacs's internal format. It asks you to specify the format | |
2367 to translate from; however, normally you can type just @key{RET}, which | |
2368 tells Emacs to guess the format. | |
2369 | |
2370 @findex format-find-file | |
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2371 If you wish to look at a text/enriched file in its raw form, as a |
25829 | 2372 sequence of characters rather than as formatted text, use the @kbd{M-x |
2373 find-file-literally} command. This visits a file, like | |
2374 @code{find-file}, but does not do format conversion. It also inhibits | |
2375 character code conversion (@pxref{Coding Systems}) and automatic | |
2376 uncompression (@pxref{Compressed Files}). To disable format conversion | |
2377 but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if | |
2378 appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments. | |
2379 | |
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2380 @node Text Based Tables |
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2381 @section Editing Text-based Tables |
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2382 @cindex table mode |
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2383 @cindex text-based tables |
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2384 |
68701 | 2385 Table mode provides an easy and intuitive way to create and edit WYSIWYG |
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2386 text-based tables. Here is an example of such a table: |
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2387 |
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2388 @smallexample |
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2389 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2390 | Command | Description | Key Binding | |
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2391 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2392 | forward-char |Move point right N characters | C-f | |
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2393 | |(left if N is negative). | | |
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2394 | | | | |
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2395 | |On reaching end of buffer, stop | | |
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2396 | |and signal error. | | |
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2397 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2398 | backward-char |Move point left N characters | C-b | |
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2399 | |(right if N is negative). | | |
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2400 | | | | |
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2401 | |On attempt to pass beginning or | | |
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2402 | |end of buffer, stop and signal | | |
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2403 | |error. | | |
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2404 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2405 @end smallexample |
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2406 |
68701 | 2407 Table mode allows the contents of the table such as this one to be |
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2408 easily manipulated by inserting or deleting characters inside a cell. |
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2409 A cell is effectively a localized rectangular edit region and edits to |
57659 | 2410 a cell do not affect the contents of the surrounding cells. If the |
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2411 contents do not fit into a cell, then the cell is automatically |
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2412 expanded in the vertical and/or horizontal directions and the rest of |
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2413 the table is restructured and reformatted in accordance with the |
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2414 growth of the cell. |
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2415 |
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2416 @menu |
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2417 * Table Definition:: What is a text based table. |
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2418 * Table Creation:: How to create a table. |
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2419 * Table Recognition:: How to activate and deactivate tables. |
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2420 * Cell Commands:: Cell-oriented commands in a table. |
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2421 * Cell Justification:: Justifying cell contents. |
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2422 * Row Commands:: Manipulating rows of table cell. |
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2423 * Column Commands:: Manipulating columns of table cell. |
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2424 * Fixed Width Mode:: Fixing cell width. |
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2425 * Table Conversion:: Converting between plain text and tables. |
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2426 * Measuring Tables:: Analyzing table dimension. |
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2427 * Table Misc:: Table miscellany. |
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2428 @end menu |
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2429 |
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2430 @node Table Definition |
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2431 @subsection What is a Text-based Table? |
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2432 |
68701 | 2433 Keep the following examples of valid tables in mind as a reference |
2434 while you read this section: | |
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2435 |
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2436 @example |
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2437 +--+----+---+ +-+ +--+-----+ |
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2438 | | | | | | | | | |
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2439 +--+----+---+ +-+ | +--+--+ |
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2440 | | | | | | | | |
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2441 +--+----+---+ +--+--+ | |
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2442 | | | |
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2443 +-----+--+ |
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2444 @end example |
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2445 |
68701 | 2446 A table consists of a rectangular frame whose inside is divided into |
2447 cells. Each cell must be at least one character wide and one | |
2448 character high, not counting its border lines. A cell can be | |
2449 subdivided into multiple rectangular cells, but cells cannot overlap. | |
2450 | |
2451 The table frame and cell border lines are made of three special | |
2452 characters. These variables specify those characters: | |
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2453 |
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2454 @table @code |
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2455 @vindex table-cell-vertical-char |
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2456 @item table-cell-vertical-char |
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2457 Holds the character used for vertical lines. The default value is |
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2458 @samp{|}. |
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2459 |
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|
2460 @vindex table-cell-horizontal-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2461 @item table-cell-horizontal-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2462 Holds the character used for horizontal lines. The default value is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2463 @samp{-}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2464 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2465 @vindex table-cell-intersection-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2466 @item table-cell-intersection-char |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2467 Holds the character used at where horizontal line and vertical line |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2468 meet. The default value is @samp{+}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2469 @end table |
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|
2470 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2471 @noindent |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2472 Based on this definition, the following five tables are examples of invalid |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2473 tables: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2474 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2475 @example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2476 +-----+ +-----+ +--+ +-++--+ ++ |
9085c341d39f
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|
2477 | | | | | | | || | ++ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2478 | +-+ | | | | | | || | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2479 | | | | +--+ | +--+--+ +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2480 | +-+ | | | | | | | +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2481 | | | | | | | | | || | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2482 +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +-++--+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2483 a b c d e |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2484 @end example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2485 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2486 From left to right: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2487 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2488 @enumerate a |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2489 @item |
68701 | 2490 Overlapped cells or non-rectangular cells are not allowed. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2491 @item |
68701 | 2492 Same as a. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2493 @item |
57659 | 2494 The border must be rectangular. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2495 @item |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2496 Cells must have a minimum width/height of one character. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2497 @item |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2498 Same as d. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2499 @end enumerate |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2500 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2501 @node Table Creation |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2502 @subsection How to Create a Table? |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2503 @cindex create a text-based table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2504 @cindex table creation |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2505 |
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diff
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|
2506 @findex table-insert |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2507 The command to create a table is @code{table-insert}. When called |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2508 interactively, it asks for the number of columns, number of rows, cell |
68701 | 2509 width and cell height. The number of columns is the number of cells |
2510 horizontally side by side. The number of rows is the number of cells | |
2511 vertically within the table's height. The cell width is a number of | |
2512 characters that each cell holds, left to right. The cell height is a | |
2513 number of lines each cell holds. The cell width and the cell height | |
2514 can be either an integer (when the value is constant across the table) | |
2515 or a series of integer, separated by spaces or commas, where each | |
2516 number corresponds to the next cell within a row from left to right, | |
2517 or the next cell within a column from top to bottom. | |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2518 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2519 @node Table Recognition |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2520 @subsection Table Recognition |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2521 @cindex table recognition |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2522 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2523 @findex table-recognize |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2524 @findex table-unrecognize |
68701 | 2525 Table mode maintains special text properties in the buffer to allow |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2526 editing in a convenient fashion. When a buffer with tables is saved |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2527 to its file, these text properties are lost, so when you visit this |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2528 file again later, Emacs does not see a table, but just formatted text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2529 To resurrect the table text properties, issue the @kbd{M-x |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2530 table-recognize} command. It scans the current buffer, recognizes |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2531 valid table cells, and attaches appropriate text properties to allow |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2532 for table editing. The converse command, @code{table-unrecognize}, is |
68701 | 2533 used to remove the special text properties and convert the buffer back |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2534 to plain text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2535 |
68701 | 2536 Special commands exist to enable or disable tables within a region, |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2537 enable or disable individual tables, and enable/disable individual |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2538 cells. These commands are: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2539 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2540 @table @kbd |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2541 @findex table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2542 @item M-x table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2543 Recognize tables within the current region and activate them. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2544 @findex table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2545 @item M-x table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2546 Deactivate tables within the current region. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2547 @findex table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2548 @item M-x table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2549 Recognize the table under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2550 @findex table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2551 @item M-x table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2552 Deactivate the table under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2553 @findex table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2554 @item M-x table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2555 Recognize the cell under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2556 @findex table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2557 @item M-x table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2558 Deactivate the cell under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2559 @end table |
9085c341d39f
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2560 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2561 For another way of converting text into tables, see @ref{Table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2562 Conversion}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
changeset
|
2563 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
changeset
|
2564 @node Cell Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2565 @subsection Commands for Table Cells |
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2566 |
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|
2567 @findex table-forward-cell |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2568 @findex table-backward-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2569 The commands @code{table-forward-cell} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2570 @code{table-backward-cell} move point from the current cell to an |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2571 adjacent cell forward and backward respectively. The order of the |
68701 | 2572 cells is cyclic: when point is in the last cell of a table, typing |
2573 @kbd{M-x table-forward-cell} moves to the first cell in the table. | |
2574 Likewise @kbd{M-x table-backward-cell} from the first cell in a table | |
2575 moves to the last cell. | |
57657
9085c341d39f
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|
2576 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
changeset
|
2577 @findex table-span-cell |
68819
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2578 The command @code{table-span-cell} merges the current cell with the |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2579 adjacent cell in a specified direction---right, left, above or below. |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2580 You specify the direction with the minibuffer. It does not allow |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2581 merges which don't result in a legitimate cell layout. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2582 |
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diff
changeset
|
2583 @findex table-split-cell |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2584 @cindex text-based tables, split a cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2585 @cindex split table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2586 The command @code{table-split-cell} splits the current cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2587 vertically or horizontally. This command is a wrapper to the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2588 direction specific commands @code{table-split-cell-vertically} and |
68819
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2589 @code{table-split-cell-horizontally}. You specify the direction with |
a87d4de213c5
(Cell Commands): Clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68701
diff
changeset
|
2590 a minibuffer argument. |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2591 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2592 @findex table-split-cell-vertically |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2593 The command @code{table-split-cell-vertically} splits the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2594 cell vertically and creates a pair of cells above and below where |
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2595 point is located. The content in the original cell is split as well. |
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|
2596 |
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2597 @findex table-split-cell-horizontally |
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|
2598 The command @code{table-split-cell-horizontally} splits the current |
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|
2599 cell horizontally and creates a pair of cells right and left of where |
68701 | 2600 point is located. If the cell being split is not empty, this asks you |
2601 how to handle the cell contents. The three options are: @code{split}, | |
2602 @code{left}, or @code{right}. @code{split} splits the contents at | |
2603 point literally, while the @code{left} and @code{right} options move | |
2604 the entire contents into the left or right cell respectively. | |
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2605 |
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2606 @cindex enlarge a table cell |
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|
2607 @cindex shrink a table cell |
68701 | 2608 The next four commands enlarge or shrink a cell. They use numeric |
2609 arguments (@pxref{Arguments}) to specify how many columns or rows to | |
2610 enlarge or shrink a particular table. | |
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2611 |
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2612 @table @kbd |
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2613 @findex table-heighten-cell |
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2614 @item M-x table-heighten-cell |
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2615 Enlarge the current cell vertically. |
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|
2616 @findex table-shorten-cell |
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2617 @item M-x table-shorten-cell |
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2618 Shrink the current cell vertically. |
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2619 @findex table-widen-cell |
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2620 @item M-x table-widen-cell |
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2621 Enlarge the current cell horizontally. |
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2622 @findex table-narrow-cell |
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2623 @item M-x table-narrow-cell |
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2624 Shrink the current cell horizontally. |
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2625 @end table |
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2626 |
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2627 @node Cell Justification |
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2628 @subsection Cell Justification |
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|
2629 @cindex cell text justification |
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|
2630 |
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2631 You can specify text justification for each cell. The justification |
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2632 is remembered independently for each cell and the subsequent editing |
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2633 of cell contents is subject to the specified justification. |
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2634 |
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|
2635 @findex table-justify |
68701 | 2636 The command @code{table-justify} ask you to specify what to justify: |
2637 a cell, a column, or a row. If you select cell justification, this | |
2638 command sets the justification only for the current cell. Selecting | |
2639 column or row justification sets the justification for all the cells | |
2640 within a column or row respectively. The command then ask you which | |
2641 kind of justification to apply: @code{left}, @code{center}, | |
2642 @code{right}, @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, or | |
2643 @code{none}. Horizontal justification and vertical justification are | |
2644 specified independently. The options @code{left}, @code{center}, and | |
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2645 @code{right} specify horizontal justification while the options |
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2646 @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, and @code{none} specify |
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|
2647 vertical justification. The vertical justification @code{none} |
68701 | 2648 effectively removes vertical justification. Horizontal justification |
2649 must be one of @code{left}, @code{center}, or @code{right}. | |
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2650 |
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2651 @vindex table-detect-cell-alignment |
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2652 Justification information is stored in the buffer as a part of text |
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2653 property. Therefore, this information is ephemeral and does not |
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|
2654 survive through the loss of the buffer (closing the buffer and |
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|
2655 revisiting the buffer erase any previous text properties). To |
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|
2656 countermand for this, the command @code{table-recognize} and other |
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|
2657 recognition commands (@pxref{Table Recognition}) are equipped with a |
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|
2658 convenience feature (turned on by default). During table recognition, |
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|
2659 the contents of a cell are examined to determine which justification |
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|
2660 was originally applied to the cell and then applies this justification |
64463
286c76cc00c3
(Cell Justification): Delete duplicate words.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
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|
2661 to the cell. This is a speculative algorithm and is therefore not |
57657
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|
2662 perfect, however, the justification is deduced correctly most of the |
68701 | 2663 time. To disable this feature, customize the variable |
2664 @code{table-detect-cell-alignment} and set it to @code{nil}. | |
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2665 |
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2666 @node Row Commands |
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2667 @subsection Commands for Table Rows |
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2668 @cindex table row commands |
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|
2669 |
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2670 @cindex insert row in table |
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2671 @findex table-insert-row |
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|
2672 The command @code{table-insert-row} inserts a row of cells before |
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|
2673 the current row in a table. The current row where point is located is |
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|
2674 pushed down after the newly inserted row. A numeric prefix argument |
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|
2675 specifies the number of rows to insert. Note that in order to insert |
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|
2676 rows @emph{after} the last row at the bottom of a table, you must |
68701 | 2677 place point below the table---that is, outside the table---prior to |
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|
2678 invoking this command. |
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|
2679 |
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|
2680 @cindex delete row in table |
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|
2681 @findex table-delete-row |
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|
2682 The command @code{table-delete-row} deletes a row of cells at point. |
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|
2683 A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of rows to delete. |
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|
2684 |
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|
2685 @node Column Commands |
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|
2686 @subsection Commands for Table Columns |
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|
2687 @cindex table column commands |
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|
2688 |
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|
2689 @cindex insert column in table |
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|
2690 @findex table-insert-column |
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|
2691 The command @code{table-insert-column} inserts a column of cells to |
68701 | 2692 the left of the current row in a table. This pushes the current |
2693 column to the right. To insert a column to the right side of the | |
2694 rightmost column, place point to the right of the rightmost column, | |
2695 which is outside of the table, prior to invoking this command. A | |
2696 numeric prefix argument specifies the number of columns to insert. | |
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|
2697 |
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|
2698 @cindex delete column in table |
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|
2699 A command @code{table-delete-column} deletes a column of cells at |
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|
2700 point. A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of columns to |
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|
2701 delete. |
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|
2702 |
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|
2703 @node Fixed Width Mode |
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|
2704 @subsection Fix Width of Cells |
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|
2705 @cindex fix width of table cells |
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|
2706 |
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|
2707 @findex table-fixed-width-mode |
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|
2708 The command @code{table-fixed-width-mode} toggles fixed width mode |
68701 | 2709 on and off. When fixed width mode is turned on, editing inside a |
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|
2710 cell never changes the cell width; when it is off, the cell width |
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|
2711 expands automatically in order to prevent a word from being folded |
68701 | 2712 into multiple lines. By default, fixed width mode is disabled. |
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2713 |
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|
2714 @node Table Conversion |
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2715 @subsection Conversion Between Plain Text and Tables |
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|
2716 @cindex text to table |
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|
2717 @cindex table to text |
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|
2718 |
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2719 @findex table-capture |
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|
2720 The command @code{table-capture} captures plain text in a region and |
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|
2721 turns it into a table. Unlike @code{table-recognize} (@pxref{Table |
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|
2722 Recognition}), the original text does not have a table appearance but |
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|
2723 may hold a logical table structure. For example, some elements |
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|
2724 separated by known patterns form a two dimensional structure which can |
68701 | 2725 be turned into a table. |
2726 | |
2727 Here's an example of data that @code{table-capture} can operate on. | |
2728 The numbers are horizontally separated by a comma and vertically | |
2729 separated by a newline character. | |
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2730 |
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|
2731 @example |
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2732 1, 2, 3, 4 |
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2733 5, 6, 7, 8 |
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2734 , 9, 10 |
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|
2735 @end example |
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2736 |
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|
2737 @noindent |
68701 | 2738 Invoking @kbd{M-x table-capture} on that text produces this table: |
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2739 |
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|
2740 @example |
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|
2741 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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|
2742 |1 |2 |3 |4 | |
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|
2743 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2744 |5 |6 |7 |8 | |
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|
2745 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2746 | |9 |10 | | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2747 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
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|
2748 @end example |
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|
2749 |
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|
2750 @noindent |
68701 | 2751 The conversion uses @samp{,} for the column delimiter and newline for |
2752 a row delimiter, cells are left justified, and minimum cell width is | |
2753 5. | |
57657
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|
2754 |
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|
2755 @findex table-release |
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|
2756 The command @code{table-release} does the opposite of |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2757 @code{table-capture}. It releases a table by removing the table frame |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2758 and cell borders. This leaves the table contents as plain text. One |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2759 of the useful applications of @code{table-capture} and |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2760 @code{table-release} is to edit a text in layout. Look at the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2761 following three paragraphs (the latter two are indented with header |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2762 lines): |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2763 |
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diff
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|
2764 @example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2765 @samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its power |
68701 | 2766 requires some practice. Here are some things it can do: |
57657
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|
2767 |
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|
2768 Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2769 expression and raw delimiter regular |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2770 expression, it parses the specified text |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2771 area and extracts cell items from |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2772 non-table text and then forms a table out |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2773 of them. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2774 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2775 Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2776 creates a single cell table. The text in |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2777 the specified region is placed in that |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2778 cell. |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2779 @end example |
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|
2780 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2781 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2782 Applying @code{table-capture} to a region containing the above three |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2783 paragraphs, with empty strings for column delimiter regexp and row |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2784 delimiter regexp, creates a table with a single cell like the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2785 following one. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2786 |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2787 @c The first line's right-hand frame in the following two examples |
57659 | 2788 @c sticks out to accommodate for the removal of @samp in the |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2789 @c produced output!! |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2790 @example |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2791 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
68701 | 2792 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command, but mastering its | |
2793 |power requires some practice. Here are some things it can do: | | |
57657
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2794 | | |
9085c341d39f
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|
2795 |Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2796 | expression and raw delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2797 | expression, it parses the specified text | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2798 | area and extracts cell items from | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2799 | non-table text and then forms a table out | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2800 | of them. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2801 | | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2802 |Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2803 | creates a single cell table. The text in | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2804 | the specified region is placed in that | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2805 | cell. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2806 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2807 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2808 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2809 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2810 By splitting the cell appropriately we now have a table consisting of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2811 paragraphs occupying its own cell. Each cell can now be edited |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2812 independently without affecting the layout of other cells. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2813 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
changeset
|
2814 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2815 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
68701 | 2816 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command, but mastering its | |
2817 |power requires some practice. Here are some things it can do: | | |
57657
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2818 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2819 |Parse Cell Items |By using column delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2820 | |expression and raw delimiter regular | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2821 | |expression, it parses the specified text | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2822 | |area and extracts cell items from | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2823 | |non-table text and then forms a table out | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2824 | |of them. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2825 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2826 |Capture Text Area |When no delimiters are specified it | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2827 | |creates a single cell table. The text in | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
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|
2828 | |the specified region is placed in that | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2829 | |cell. | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2830 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2831 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2832 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2833 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2834 By applying @code{table-release}, which does the opposite process, the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2835 contents become once again plain text. @code{table-release} works as |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2836 a companion command to @code{table-capture}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2837 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
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|
2838 @node Measuring Tables |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2839 @subsection Analyzing Table Dimensions |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2840 @cindex table dimensions |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2841 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2842 @findex table-query-dimension |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2843 The command @code{table-query-dimension} analyzes a table structure |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2844 and reports information regarding its dimensions. In case of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2845 above example table, the @code{table-query-dimension} command displays |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2846 in echo area: |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2847 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2848 @smallexample |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2849 Cell: (21w, 6h), Table: (67w, 16h), Dim: (2c, 3r), Total Cells: 5 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2850 @end smallexample |
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|
2851 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
changeset
|
2852 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2853 This indicates that the current cell is 21 character wide and 6 lines |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2854 high, the entire table is 67 characters wide and 16 lines high. The |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2855 table has 2 columns and 3 rows. It has a total of 5 cells, since the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2856 first row has a spanned cell. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2857 |
9085c341d39f
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diff
changeset
|
2858 @node Table Misc |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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changeset
|
2859 @subsection Table Miscellany |
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|
2860 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
changeset
|
2861 @cindex insert string into table cells |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2862 @findex table-insert-sequence |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2863 The command @code{table-insert-sequence} inserts a string into each |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2864 cell. Each string is a part of a sequence i.e.@: a series of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2865 increasing integer numbers. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2866 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
changeset
|
2867 @cindex table in language format |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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diff
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|
2868 @cindex table for HTML and LaTeX |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2869 @findex table-generate-source |
68701 | 2870 The command @code{table-generate-source} generates a table formatted |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2871 for a specific markup language. It asks for a language (which must be |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2872 one of @code{html}, @code{latex}, or @code{cals}), a destination |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2873 buffer where to put the result, and the table caption (a string), and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2874 then inserts the generated table in the proper syntax into the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2875 destination buffer. The default destination buffer is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2876 @code{table.@var{lang}}, where @var{lang} is the language you |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2877 specified. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2878 |
52401 | 2879 @ignore |
2880 arch-tag: 8db54ed8-2036-49ca-b0df-23811d03dc70 | |
2881 @end ignore |