Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/windows.texi @ 79121:70b8ad88064e
(Diary): Fix directive.
author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
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date | Wed, 17 Oct 2007 07:51:18 +0000 |
parents | b659ef0c3c57 |
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6564 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001, |
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4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6564 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/windows | |
7 @node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top | |
8 @chapter Windows | |
9 | |
10 This chapter describes most of the functions and variables related to | |
11 Emacs windows. See @ref{Display}, for information on how text is | |
12 displayed in windows. | |
13 | |
14 @menu | |
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15 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows. |
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16 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows. |
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17 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows. |
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18 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in. |
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19 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows. |
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20 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer. |
54043 | 21 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer |
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22 and choosing a window for it. |
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23 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer. |
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24 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point. |
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25 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text |
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26 is on-screen in the window. |
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27 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window. |
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28 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window. |
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29 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window. |
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30 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window. |
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31 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window. |
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32 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows. |
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33 * Window Tree:: The layout and sizes of all windows in a frame. |
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34 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen. |
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35 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes, |
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36 redisplay going past a certain point, |
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37 or window configuration changes. |
6564 | 38 @end menu |
39 | |
40 @node Basic Windows | |
41 @section Basic Concepts of Emacs Windows | |
42 @cindex window | |
43 @cindex selected window | |
44 | |
12098 | 45 A @dfn{window} in Emacs is the physical area of the screen in which a |
46 buffer is displayed. The term is also used to refer to a Lisp object that | |
6564 | 47 represents that screen area in Emacs Lisp. It should be |
48 clear from the context which is meant. | |
49 | |
12098 | 50 Emacs groups windows into frames. A frame represents an area of |
51 screen available for Emacs to use. Each frame always contains at least | |
52 one window, but you can subdivide it vertically or horizontally into | |
53 multiple nonoverlapping Emacs windows. | |
6564 | 54 |
12098 | 55 In each frame, at any time, one and only one window is designated as |
56 @dfn{selected within the frame}. The frame's cursor appears in that | |
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57 window, but the other windows have ``non-selected'' cursors, normally |
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58 less visible. (@pxref{Cursor Parameters}, for customization of this.) |
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59 At any time, one frame is the selected frame; and the window selected |
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60 within that frame is @dfn{the selected window}. The selected window's |
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61 buffer is usually the current buffer (except when @code{set-buffer} |
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62 has been used). @xref{Current Buffer}. |
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63 |
12098 | 64 For practical purposes, a window exists only while it is displayed in |
65 a frame. Once removed from the frame, the window is effectively deleted | |
66 and should not be used, @emph{even though there may still be references | |
67 to it} from other Lisp objects. Restoring a saved window configuration | |
68 is the only way for a window no longer on the screen to come back to | |
69 life. (@xref{Deleting Windows}.) | |
6564 | 70 |
71 Each window has the following attributes: | |
72 | |
73 @itemize @bullet | |
74 @item | |
75 containing frame | |
76 | |
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77 @item |
6564 | 78 window height |
79 | |
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80 @item |
6564 | 81 window width |
82 | |
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83 @item |
6564 | 84 window edges with respect to the screen or frame |
85 | |
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86 @item |
6564 | 87 the buffer it displays |
88 | |
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89 @item |
6564 | 90 position within the buffer at the upper left of the window |
91 | |
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92 @item |
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93 amount of horizontal scrolling, in columns |
6564 | 94 |
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95 @item |
6564 | 96 point |
97 | |
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98 @item |
6564 | 99 the mark |
100 | |
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101 @item |
6564 | 102 how recently the window was selected |
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103 |
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104 @item |
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105 fringe settings |
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106 |
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107 @item |
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108 display margins |
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109 |
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110 @item |
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111 scroll-bar settings |
6564 | 112 @end itemize |
113 | |
114 @cindex multiple windows | |
115 Users create multiple windows so they can look at several buffers at | |
116 once. Lisp libraries use multiple windows for a variety of reasons, but | |
12098 | 117 most often to display related information. In Rmail, for example, you |
118 can move through a summary buffer in one window while the other window | |
119 shows messages one at a time as they are reached. | |
6564 | 120 |
121 The meaning of ``window'' in Emacs is similar to what it means in the | |
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122 context of general-purpose window systems such as X, but not identical. |
12098 | 123 The X Window System places X windows on the screen; Emacs uses one or |
124 more X windows as frames, and subdivides them into | |
125 Emacs windows. When you use Emacs on a character-only terminal, Emacs | |
126 treats the whole terminal screen as one frame. | |
6564 | 127 |
128 @cindex terminal screen | |
129 @cindex screen of terminal | |
130 @cindex tiled windows | |
131 Most window systems support arbitrarily located overlapping windows. | |
132 In contrast, Emacs windows are @dfn{tiled}; they never overlap, and | |
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133 together they fill the whole screen or frame. Because of the way in |
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134 which Emacs creates new windows and resizes them, not all conceivable |
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135 tilings of windows on an Emacs frame are actually possible. |
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136 @xref{Splitting Windows}, and @ref{Size of Window}. |
6564 | 137 |
138 @xref{Display}, for information on how the contents of the | |
139 window's buffer are displayed in the window. | |
140 | |
141 @defun windowp object | |
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142 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window. |
6564 | 143 @end defun |
144 | |
145 @node Splitting Windows | |
146 @section Splitting Windows | |
147 @cindex splitting windows | |
148 @cindex window splitting | |
149 | |
150 The functions described here are the primitives used to split a window | |
151 into two windows. Two higher level functions sometimes split a window, | |
152 but not always: @code{pop-to-buffer} and @code{display-buffer} | |
153 (@pxref{Displaying Buffers}). | |
154 | |
155 The functions described here do not accept a buffer as an argument. | |
156 The two ``halves'' of the split window initially display the same buffer | |
157 previously visible in the window that was split. | |
158 | |
159 @deffn Command split-window &optional window size horizontal | |
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160 This function splits a new window out of @var{window}'s screen area. |
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161 It returns the new window. |
6564 | 162 |
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163 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, then @var{window} splits into |
6564 | 164 two side by side windows. The original window @var{window} keeps the |
165 leftmost @var{size} columns, and gives the rest of the columns to the | |
166 new window. Otherwise, it splits into windows one above the other, and | |
167 @var{window} keeps the upper @var{size} lines and gives the rest of the | |
168 lines to the new window. The original window is therefore the | |
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169 left-hand or upper of the two, and the new window is the right-hand or |
6564 | 170 lower. |
171 | |
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172 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, that stands for the selected |
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173 window. When you split the selected window, it remains selected. |
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174 |
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175 If @var{size} is omitted or @code{nil}, then @var{window} is divided |
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176 evenly into two parts. (If there is an odd line, it is allocated to |
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177 the new window.) When @code{split-window} is called interactively, |
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178 all its arguments are @code{nil}. |
6564 | 179 |
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180 If splitting would result in making a window that is smaller than |
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181 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, the function |
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182 signals an error and does not split the window at all. |
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183 |
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184 The following example starts with one window on a screen that is 50 |
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185 lines high by 80 columns wide; then it splits the window. |
6564 | 186 |
187 @smallexample | |
188 @group | |
189 (setq w (selected-window)) | |
190 @result{} #<window 8 on windows.texi> | |
191 (window-edges) ; @r{Edges in order:} | |
192 @result{} (0 0 80 50) ; @r{left--top--right--bottom} | |
193 @end group | |
194 | |
195 @group | |
196 ;; @r{Returns window created} | |
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197 (setq w2 (split-window w 15)) |
6564 | 198 @result{} #<window 28 on windows.texi> |
199 @end group | |
200 @group | |
201 (window-edges w2) | |
202 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window;} | |
203 ; @r{top is line 15} | |
204 @end group | |
205 @group | |
206 (window-edges w) | |
207 @result{} (0 0 80 15) ; @r{Top window} | |
208 @end group | |
209 @end smallexample | |
210 | |
211 The screen looks like this: | |
212 | |
213 @smallexample | |
214 @group | |
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215 __________ |
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216 | | line 0 |
6564 | 217 | w | |
218 |__________| | |
219 | | line 15 | |
220 | w2 | | |
221 |__________| | |
222 line 50 | |
223 column 0 column 80 | |
224 @end group | |
225 @end smallexample | |
226 | |
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227 Next, split the top window horizontally: |
6564 | 228 |
229 @smallexample | |
230 @group | |
231 (setq w3 (split-window w 35 t)) | |
232 @result{} #<window 32 on windows.texi> | |
233 @end group | |
234 @group | |
235 (window-edges w3) | |
236 @result{} (35 0 80 15) ; @r{Left edge at column 35} | |
237 @end group | |
238 @group | |
239 (window-edges w) | |
240 @result{} (0 0 35 15) ; @r{Right edge at column 35} | |
241 @end group | |
242 @group | |
243 (window-edges w2) | |
244 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window unchanged} | |
245 @end group | |
246 @end smallexample | |
247 | |
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248 @need 3000 |
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249 Now the screen looks like this: |
6564 | 250 |
251 @smallexample | |
252 @group | |
253 column 35 | |
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254 __________ |
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255 | | | line 0 |
6564 | 256 | w | w3 | |
257 |___|______| | |
258 | | line 15 | |
259 | w2 | | |
260 |__________| | |
261 line 50 | |
262 column 0 column 80 | |
263 @end group | |
264 @end smallexample | |
8926 | 265 |
266 Normally, Emacs indicates the border between two side-by-side windows | |
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267 with a scroll bar (@pxref{Layout Parameters,Scroll Bars}) or @samp{|} |
8926 | 268 characters. The display table can specify alternative border |
269 characters; see @ref{Display Tables}. | |
6564 | 270 @end deffn |
271 | |
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272 @deffn Command split-window-vertically &optional size |
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273 This function splits the selected window into two windows, one above the |
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274 other, leaving the upper of the two windows selected, with @var{size} |
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275 lines. (If @var{size} is negative, then the lower of the two windows |
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276 gets @minus{} @var{size} lines and the upper window gets the rest, but |
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277 the upper window is still the one selected.) However, if |
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278 @code{split-window-keep-point} (see below) is @code{nil}, then either |
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279 window can be selected. |
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280 |
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281 In other respects, this function is similar to @code{split-window}. |
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282 In particular, the upper window is the original one and the return |
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283 value is the new, lower window. |
6564 | 284 @end deffn |
285 | |
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286 @defopt split-window-keep-point |
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287 If this variable is non-@code{nil} (the default), then |
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288 @code{split-window-vertically} behaves as described above. |
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289 |
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290 If it is @code{nil}, then @code{split-window-vertically} adjusts point |
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291 in each of the two windows to avoid scrolling. (This is useful on |
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292 slow terminals.) It selects whichever window contains the screen line |
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293 that point was previously on. |
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294 |
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295 This variable only affects the behavior of @code{split-window-vertically}. |
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296 It has no effect on the other functions described here. |
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297 @end defopt |
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298 |
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299 @deffn Command split-window-horizontally &optional size |
6564 | 300 This function splits the selected window into two windows |
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301 side-by-side, leaving the selected window on the left with @var{size} |
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302 columns. If @var{size} is negative, the rightmost window gets |
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303 @minus{} @var{size} columns, but the leftmost window still remains |
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304 selected. |
6564 | 305 |
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306 This function is basically an interface to @code{split-window}. |
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307 You could define a simplified version of the function like this: |
6564 | 308 |
309 @smallexample | |
310 @group | |
311 (defun split-window-horizontally (&optional arg) | |
312 "Split selected window into two windows, side by side..." | |
313 (interactive "P") | |
26211 | 314 @end group |
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315 @group |
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316 (let ((size (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg)))) |
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317 (and size (< size 0) |
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318 (setq size (+ (window-width) size))) |
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319 (split-window nil size t))) |
6564 | 320 @end group |
321 @end smallexample | |
322 @end deffn | |
323 | |
324 @defun one-window-p &optional no-mini all-frames | |
325 This function returns non-@code{nil} if there is only one window. The | |
326 argument @var{no-mini}, if non-@code{nil}, means don't count the | |
327 minibuffer even if it is active; otherwise, the minibuffer window is | |
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328 counted when it is active. |
6564 | 329 |
330 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here | |
331 are the possible values and their meanings: | |
332 | |
333 @table @asis | |
334 @item @code{nil} | |
335 Count the windows in the selected frame, plus the minibuffer used | |
336 by that frame even if it lies in some other frame. | |
337 | |
338 @item @code{t} | |
339 Count all windows in all existing frames. | |
340 | |
341 @item @code{visible} | |
342 Count all windows in all visible frames. | |
343 | |
12098 | 344 @item 0 |
345 Count all windows in all visible or iconified frames. | |
346 | |
6564 | 347 @item anything else |
348 Count precisely the windows in the selected frame, and no others. | |
349 @end table | |
350 @end defun | |
351 | |
352 @node Deleting Windows | |
353 @section Deleting Windows | |
354 @cindex deleting windows | |
355 | |
356 A window remains visible on its frame unless you @dfn{delete} it by | |
357 calling certain functions that delete windows. A deleted window cannot | |
358 appear on the screen, but continues to exist as a Lisp object until | |
359 there are no references to it. There is no way to cancel the deletion | |
360 of a window aside from restoring a saved window configuration | |
361 (@pxref{Window Configurations}). Restoring a window configuration also | |
362 deletes any windows that aren't part of that configuration. | |
363 | |
364 When you delete a window, the space it took up is given to one | |
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365 adjacent sibling. |
6564 | 366 |
367 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
368 @defun window-live-p window | |
369 This function returns @code{nil} if @var{window} is deleted, and | |
370 @code{t} otherwise. | |
371 | |
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372 @strong{Warning:} Erroneous information or fatal errors may result from |
6564 | 373 using a deleted window as if it were live. |
374 @end defun | |
375 | |
376 @deffn Command delete-window &optional window | |
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377 This function removes @var{window} from display, and returns @code{nil}. |
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378 If @var{window} is omitted, then the selected window is deleted. An |
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379 error is signaled if there is only one window when @code{delete-window} |
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380 is called. |
6564 | 381 @end deffn |
382 | |
383 @deffn Command delete-other-windows &optional window | |
384 This function makes @var{window} the only window on its frame, by | |
385 deleting the other windows in that frame. If @var{window} is omitted or | |
386 @code{nil}, then the selected window is used by default. | |
387 | |
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388 The return value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 389 @end deffn |
390 | |
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391 @deffn Command delete-windows-on buffer-or-name &optional frame |
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392 This function deletes all windows showing @var{buffer-or-name}. If |
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393 there are no windows showing @var{buffer-or-name}, it does nothing. |
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394 @var{buffer-or-name} must be a buffer or the name of an existing |
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395 buffer. |
6564 | 396 |
397 @code{delete-windows-on} operates frame by frame. If a frame has | |
398 several windows showing different buffers, then those showing | |
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399 @var{buffer-or-name} are removed, and the others expand to fill the |
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400 space. If all windows in some frame are showing @var{buffer-or-name} |
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401 (including the case where there is only one window), then the frame |
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402 winds up with a single window showing another buffer chosen with |
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403 @code{other-buffer}. @xref{The Buffer List}. |
6564 | 404 |
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405 The argument @var{frame} controls which frames to operate on. This |
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406 function does not use it in quite the same way as the other functions |
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407 which scan all windows; specifically, the values @code{t} and @code{nil} |
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408 have the opposite of their meanings in other functions. Here are the |
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409 full details: |
6564 | 410 |
411 @itemize @bullet | |
412 @item | |
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413 If it is @code{nil}, operate on all frames. |
6564 | 414 @item |
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415 If it is @code{t}, operate on the selected frame. |
6564 | 416 @item |
417 If it is @code{visible}, operate on all visible frames. | |
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418 @item |
12098 | 419 If it is 0, operate on all visible or iconified frames. |
6564 | 420 @item |
421 If it is a frame, operate on that frame. | |
422 @end itemize | |
423 | |
424 This function always returns @code{nil}. | |
425 @end deffn | |
426 | |
427 @node Selecting Windows | |
428 @section Selecting Windows | |
76993 | 429 @cindex selecting a window |
6564 | 430 |
431 When a window is selected, the buffer in the window becomes the current | |
432 buffer, and the cursor will appear in it. | |
433 | |
434 @defun selected-window | |
435 This function returns the selected window. This is the window in | |
436 which the cursor appears and to which many commands apply. | |
437 @end defun | |
438 | |
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439 @defun select-window window &optional norecord |
6564 | 440 This function makes @var{window} the selected window. The cursor then |
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441 appears in @var{window} (on redisplay). Unless @var{window} was |
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442 already selected, @code{select-window} makes @var{window}'s buffer the |
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443 current buffer. |
6564 | 444 |
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445 Normally @var{window}'s selected buffer is moved to the front of the |
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446 buffer list, but if @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, the buffer list |
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447 order is unchanged. |
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448 |
6564 | 449 The return value is @var{window}. |
450 | |
451 @example | |
452 @group | |
453 (setq w (next-window)) | |
454 (select-window w) | |
455 @result{} #<window 65 on windows.texi> | |
456 @end group | |
457 @end example | |
458 @end defun | |
459 | |
12098 | 460 @defmac save-selected-window forms@dots{} |
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461 This macro records the selected frame, as well as the selected window |
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462 of each frame, executes @var{forms} in sequence, then restores the |
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463 earlier selected frame and windows. It also saves and restores the |
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464 current buffer. It returns the value of the last form in @var{forms}. |
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465 |
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466 This macro does not save or restore anything about the sizes, |
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467 arrangement or contents of windows; therefore, if the @var{forms} |
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468 change them, the change persists. If the previously selected window |
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469 of some frame is no longer live at the time of exit from @var{forms}, |
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470 that frame's selected window is left alone. If the previously |
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471 selected window is no longer live, then whatever window is selected at |
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472 the end of @var{forms} remains selected. |
12098 | 473 @end defmac |
474 | |
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475 @defmac with-selected-window window forms@dots{} |
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476 This macro selects @var{window} (without changing the buffer list), |
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477 executes @var{forms} in sequence, then restores the previously |
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478 selected window and current buffer. It is just like |
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479 @code{save-selected-window}, except that it explicitly selects |
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480 @var{window}, also without altering the buffer list sequence. |
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481 @end defmac |
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482 |
6564 | 483 @cindex finding windows |
484 The following functions choose one of the windows on the screen, | |
485 offering various criteria for the choice. | |
486 | |
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487 @defun get-lru-window &optional frame dedicated |
6564 | 488 This function returns the window least recently ``used'' (that is, |
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489 selected). If any full-width windows are present, it only considers |
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490 these. The selected window is always the most recently used window. |
6564 | 491 |
492 The selected window can be the least recently used window if it is the | |
493 only window. A newly created window becomes the least recently used | |
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494 window until it is selected. A minibuffer window is never a |
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495 candidate. Dedicated windows are never candidates unless the |
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496 @var{dedicated} argument is non-@code{nil}, so if all |
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497 existing windows are dedicated, the value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 498 |
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499 The argument @var{frame} controls which windows are considered. |
6564 | 500 |
501 @itemize @bullet | |
502 @item | |
503 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. | |
504 @item | |
505 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. | |
506 @item | |
507 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. | |
508 @item | |
12098 | 509 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
510 @item | |
6564 | 511 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
512 @end itemize | |
513 @end defun | |
514 | |
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515 @defun get-largest-window &optional frame dedicated |
6564 | 516 This function returns the window with the largest area (height times |
517 width). If there are no side-by-side windows, then this is the window | |
518 with the most lines. A minibuffer window is never a candidate. | |
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519 Dedicated windows are never candidates unless the |
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520 @var{dedicated} argument is non-@code{nil}, so if all existing windows |
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521 are dedicated, the value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 522 |
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523 If there are two candidate windows of the same size, this function |
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524 prefers the one that comes first in the cyclic ordering of windows |
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525 (see following section), starting from the selected window. |
6564 | 526 |
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527 The argument @var{frame} controls which set of windows to |
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528 consider. See @code{get-lru-window}, above. |
6564 | 529 @end defun |
530 | |
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531 @cindex window that satisfies a predicate |
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532 @cindex conditional selection of windows |
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533 @defun get-window-with-predicate predicate &optional minibuf all-frames default |
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534 This function returns a window satisfying @var{predicate}. It cycles |
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535 through all visible windows using @code{walk-windows} (@pxref{Cyclic |
51704 | 536 Window Ordering}), calling @var{predicate} on each one of them |
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537 with that window as its argument. The function returns the first |
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538 window for which @var{predicate} returns a non-@code{nil} value; if |
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539 that never happens, it returns @var{default}. |
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540 |
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541 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the |
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542 set of windows to include in the scan. See the description of |
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543 @code{next-window} in @ref{Cyclic Window Ordering}, for details. |
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544 @end defun |
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545 |
6564 | 546 @node Cyclic Window Ordering |
547 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
548 @section Cyclic Ordering of Windows | |
549 @cindex cyclic ordering of windows | |
550 @cindex ordering of windows, cyclic | |
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551 @cindex window ordering, cyclic |
6564 | 552 |
553 When you use the command @kbd{C-x o} (@code{other-window}) to select | |
554 the next window, it moves through all the windows on the screen in a | |
555 specific cyclic order. For any given configuration of windows, this | |
556 order never varies. It is called the @dfn{cyclic ordering of windows}. | |
557 | |
558 This ordering generally goes from top to bottom, and from left to | |
559 right. But it may go down first or go right first, depending on the | |
560 order in which the windows were split. | |
561 | |
562 If the first split was vertical (into windows one above each other), | |
563 and then the subwindows were split horizontally, then the ordering is | |
564 left to right in the top of the frame, and then left to right in the | |
565 next lower part of the frame, and so on. If the first split was | |
566 horizontal, the ordering is top to bottom in the left part, and so on. | |
567 In general, within each set of siblings at any level in the window tree, | |
568 the order is left to right, or top to bottom. | |
569 | |
570 @defun next-window &optional window minibuf all-frames | |
76841 | 571 @cindex minibuffer window, and @code{next-window} |
6564 | 572 This function returns the window following @var{window} in the cyclic |
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573 ordering of windows. This is the window that @kbd{C-x o} would select |
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574 if typed when @var{window} is selected. If @var{window} is the only |
6564 | 575 window visible, then this function returns @var{window}. If omitted, |
576 @var{window} defaults to the selected window. | |
577 | |
578 The value of the argument @var{minibuf} determines whether the | |
579 minibuffer is included in the window order. Normally, when | |
580 @var{minibuf} is @code{nil}, the minibuffer is included if it is | |
581 currently active; this is the behavior of @kbd{C-x o}. (The minibuffer | |
582 window is active while the minibuffer is in use. @xref{Minibuffers}.) | |
583 | |
584 If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, then the cyclic ordering includes the | |
585 minibuffer window even if it is not active. | |
586 | |
587 If @var{minibuf} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, then the minibuffer | |
588 window is not included even if it is active. | |
589 | |
590 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here | |
591 are the possible values and their meanings: | |
592 | |
593 @table @asis | |
594 @item @code{nil} | |
595 Consider all the windows in @var{window}'s frame, plus the minibuffer | |
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596 used by that frame even if it lies in some other frame. If the |
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597 minibuffer counts (as determined by @var{minibuf}), then all windows on |
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598 all frames that share that minibuffer count too. |
6564 | 599 |
600 @item @code{t} | |
601 Consider all windows in all existing frames. | |
602 | |
603 @item @code{visible} | |
604 Consider all windows in all visible frames. (To get useful results, you | |
605 must ensure @var{window} is in a visible frame.) | |
606 | |
12099 | 607 @item 0 |
12098 | 608 Consider all windows in all visible or iconified frames. |
609 | |
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610 @item a frame |
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611 Consider all windows on that frame. |
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612 |
6564 | 613 @item anything else |
614 Consider precisely the windows in @var{window}'s frame, and no others. | |
615 @end table | |
616 | |
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617 This example assumes there are two windows, both displaying the |
6564 | 618 buffer @samp{windows.texi}: |
619 | |
620 @example | |
621 @group | |
622 (selected-window) | |
623 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi> | |
624 @end group | |
625 @group | |
626 (next-window (selected-window)) | |
627 @result{} #<window 52 on windows.texi> | |
628 @end group | |
629 @group | |
630 (next-window (next-window (selected-window))) | |
631 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi> | |
632 @end group | |
633 @end example | |
634 @end defun | |
635 | |
636 @defun previous-window &optional window minibuf all-frames | |
637 This function returns the window preceding @var{window} in the cyclic | |
638 ordering of windows. The other arguments specify which windows to | |
639 include in the cycle, as in @code{next-window}. | |
640 @end defun | |
641 | |
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642 @deffn Command other-window count &optional all-frames |
6564 | 643 This function selects the @var{count}th following window in the cyclic |
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644 order. If count is negative, then it moves back @minus{}@var{count} |
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645 windows in the cycle, rather than forward. It returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 646 |
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647 The argument @var{all-frames} has the same meaning as in |
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648 @code{next-window}, but the @var{minibuf} argument of @code{next-window} |
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649 is always effectively @code{nil}. |
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650 |
6564 | 651 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument. |
652 @end deffn | |
653 | |
654 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
655 @defun walk-windows proc &optional minibuf all-frames | |
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656 This function cycles through all windows. It calls the function |
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657 @code{proc} once for each window, with the window as its sole |
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658 argument. |
6564 | 659 |
660 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the | |
661 set of windows to include in the scan. See @code{next-window}, above, | |
662 for details. | |
663 @end defun | |
664 | |
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665 @defun window-list &optional frame minibuf window |
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666 This function returns a list of the windows on @var{frame}, starting |
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667 with @var{window}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil} or omitted, |
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668 @code{window-list} uses the selected frame instead; if @var{window} is |
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669 @code{nil} or omitted, it uses the selected window. |
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670 |
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671 The value of @var{minibuf} determines if the minibuffer window is |
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672 included in the result list. If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, the result |
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673 always includes the minibuffer window. If @var{minibuf} is @code{nil} |
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674 or omitted, that includes the minibuffer window if it is active. If |
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675 @var{minibuf} is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, the result never |
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676 includes the minibuffer window. |
33826 | 677 @end defun |
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678 |
6564 | 679 @node Buffers and Windows |
680 @section Buffers and Windows | |
681 @cindex examining windows | |
682 @cindex windows, controlling precisely | |
683 @cindex buffers, controlled in windows | |
684 | |
685 This section describes low-level functions to examine windows or to | |
686 display buffers in windows in a precisely controlled fashion. | |
687 @iftex | |
688 See the following section for | |
689 @end iftex | |
27193 | 690 @ifnottex |
6564 | 691 @xref{Displaying Buffers}, for |
27193 | 692 @end ifnottex |
6564 | 693 related functions that find a window to use and specify a buffer for it. |
694 The functions described there are easier to use than these, but they | |
695 employ heuristics in choosing or creating a window; use these functions | |
696 when you need complete control. | |
697 | |
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698 @defun set-window-buffer window buffer-or-name &optional keep-margins |
6564 | 699 This function makes @var{window} display @var{buffer-or-name} as its |
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700 contents. It returns @code{nil}. @var{buffer-or-name} must be a |
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701 buffer, or the name of an existing buffer. This is the fundamental |
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702 primitive for changing which buffer is displayed in a window, and all |
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703 ways of doing that call this function. |
6564 | 704 |
705 @example | |
706 @group | |
707 (set-window-buffer (selected-window) "foo") | |
708 @result{} nil | |
709 @end group | |
710 @end example | |
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711 |
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712 Normally, displaying @var{buffer} in @var{window} resets the window's |
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713 display margins, fringe widths, scroll bar settings, and position |
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714 based on the local variables of @var{buffer}. However, if |
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715 @var{keep-margins} is non-@code{nil}, the display margins and fringe |
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716 widths of @var{window} remain unchanged. @xref{Fringes}. |
6564 | 717 @end defun |
718 | |
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719 @defvar buffer-display-count |
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720 This buffer-local variable records the number of times a buffer is |
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721 displayed in a window. It is incremented each time |
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722 @code{set-window-buffer} is called for the buffer. |
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723 @end defvar |
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724 |
6564 | 725 @defun window-buffer &optional window |
726 This function returns the buffer that @var{window} is displaying. If | |
727 @var{window} is omitted, this function returns the buffer for the | |
728 selected window. | |
729 | |
730 @example | |
731 @group | |
732 (window-buffer) | |
733 @result{} #<buffer windows.texi> | |
734 @end group | |
735 @end example | |
736 @end defun | |
737 | |
738 @defun get-buffer-window buffer-or-name &optional all-frames | |
739 This function returns a window currently displaying | |
740 @var{buffer-or-name}, or @code{nil} if there is none. If there are | |
741 several such windows, then the function returns the first one in the | |
742 cyclic ordering of windows, starting from the selected window. | |
743 @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. | |
744 | |
745 The argument @var{all-frames} controls which windows to consider. | |
746 | |
747 @itemize @bullet | |
748 @item | |
749 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. | |
750 @item | |
751 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. | |
752 @item | |
753 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. | |
754 @item | |
12098 | 755 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
756 @item | |
6564 | 757 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
758 @end itemize | |
759 @end defun | |
760 | |
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761 @defun get-buffer-window-list buffer-or-name &optional minibuf all-frames |
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762 This function returns a list of all the windows currently displaying |
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763 @var{buffer-or-name}. |
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764 |
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765 The two optional arguments work like the optional arguments of |
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766 @code{next-window} (@pxref{Cyclic Window Ordering}); they are @emph{not} |
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767 like the single optional argument of @code{get-buffer-window}. Perhaps |
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768 we should change @code{get-buffer-window} in the future to make it |
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769 compatible with the other functions. |
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770 @end defun |
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771 |
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772 @defvar buffer-display-time |
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773 This variable records the time at which a buffer was last made visible |
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774 in a window. It is always local in each buffer; each time |
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775 @code{set-window-buffer} is called, it sets this variable to |
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776 @code{(current-time)} in the specified buffer (@pxref{Time of Day}). |
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777 When a buffer is first created, @code{buffer-display-time} starts out |
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778 with the value @code{nil}. |
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779 @end defvar |
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780 |
6564 | 781 @node Displaying Buffers |
782 @section Displaying Buffers in Windows | |
783 @cindex switching to a buffer | |
784 @cindex displaying a buffer | |
785 | |
786 In this section we describe convenient functions that choose a window | |
787 automatically and use it to display a specified buffer. These functions | |
788 can also split an existing window in certain circumstances. We also | |
789 describe variables that parameterize the heuristics used for choosing a | |
790 window. | |
791 @iftex | |
792 See the preceding section for | |
793 @end iftex | |
27193 | 794 @ifnottex |
6564 | 795 @xref{Buffers and Windows}, for |
27193 | 796 @end ifnottex |
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797 low-level functions that give you more precise control. All of these |
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798 functions work by calling @code{set-window-buffer}. |
6564 | 799 |
800 Do not use the functions in this section in order to make a buffer | |
801 current so that a Lisp program can access or modify it; they are too | |
802 drastic for that purpose, since they change the display of buffers in | |
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803 windows, which would be gratuitous and surprise the user. Instead, use |
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804 @code{set-buffer} and @code{save-current-buffer} (@pxref{Current |
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805 Buffer}), which designate buffers as current for programmed access |
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806 without affecting the display of buffers in windows. |
6564 | 807 |
808 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional norecord | |
809 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer, and also | |
810 displays the buffer in the selected window. This means that a human can | |
811 see the buffer and subsequent keyboard commands will apply to it. | |
812 Contrast this with @code{set-buffer}, which makes @var{buffer-or-name} | |
813 the current buffer but does not display it in the selected window. | |
814 @xref{Current Buffer}. | |
815 | |
12067 | 816 If @var{buffer-or-name} does not identify an existing buffer, then a new |
817 buffer by that name is created. The major mode for the new buffer is | |
818 set according to the variable @code{default-major-mode}. @xref{Auto | |
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819 Major Mode}. If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, |
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820 @code{switch-to-buffer} chooses a buffer using @code{other-buffer}. |
6564 | 821 |
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822 Normally the specified buffer is put at the front of the buffer list |
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823 (both the selected frame's buffer list and the frame-independent buffer |
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824 list). This affects the operation of @code{other-buffer}. However, if |
6564 | 825 @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, this is not done. @xref{The Buffer |
826 List}. | |
827 | |
828 The @code{switch-to-buffer} function is often used interactively, as | |
829 the binding of @kbd{C-x b}. It is also used frequently in programs. It | |
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830 returns the buffer that it switched to. |
6564 | 831 @end deffn |
832 | |
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833 The next two functions are similar to @code{switch-to-buffer}, except |
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834 for the described features. |
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835 |
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836 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer-or-name &optional norecord |
6564 | 837 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and |
838 displays it in a window not currently selected. It then selects that | |
839 window. The handling of the buffer is the same as in | |
840 @code{switch-to-buffer}. | |
841 | |
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842 The currently selected window is absolutely never used to do the job. |
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843 If it is the only window, then it is split to make a distinct window for |
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844 this purpose. If the selected window is already displaying the buffer, |
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845 then it continues to do so, but another window is nonetheless found to |
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846 display it in as well. |
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847 |
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848 This function updates the buffer list just like @code{switch-to-buffer} |
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849 unless @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}. |
6564 | 850 @end deffn |
851 | |
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852 @defun pop-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional other-window norecord |
6564 | 853 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and |
854 switches to it in some window, preferably not the window previously | |
855 selected. The ``popped-to'' window becomes the selected window within | |
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856 its frame. The return value is the buffer that was switched to. |
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857 If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, that means to choose some |
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858 other buffer, but you don't specify which. |
6564 | 859 |
860 If the variable @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}, | |
861 @code{pop-to-buffer} looks for a window in any visible frame already | |
862 displaying the buffer; if there is one, it returns that window and makes | |
863 it be selected within its frame. If there is none, it creates a new | |
864 frame and displays the buffer in it. | |
865 | |
866 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{pop-to-buffer} | |
867 operates entirely within the selected frame. (If the selected frame has | |
868 just a minibuffer, @code{pop-to-buffer} operates within the most | |
869 recently selected frame that was not just a minibuffer.) | |
870 | |
871 If the variable @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}, windows may | |
872 be split to create a new window that is different from the original | |
873 window. For details, see @ref{Choosing Window}. | |
874 | |
875 If @var{other-window} is non-@code{nil}, @code{pop-to-buffer} finds or | |
876 creates another window even if @var{buffer-or-name} is already visible | |
877 in the selected window. Thus @var{buffer-or-name} could end up | |
878 displayed in two windows. On the other hand, if @var{buffer-or-name} is | |
879 already displayed in the selected window and @var{other-window} is | |
880 @code{nil}, then the selected window is considered sufficient display | |
881 for @var{buffer-or-name}, so that nothing needs to be done. | |
882 | |
12098 | 883 All the variables that affect @code{display-buffer} affect |
884 @code{pop-to-buffer} as well. @xref{Choosing Window}. | |
885 | |
6564 | 886 If @var{buffer-or-name} is a string that does not name an existing |
12067 | 887 buffer, a buffer by that name is created. The major mode for the new |
888 buffer is set according to the variable @code{default-major-mode}. | |
889 @xref{Auto Major Mode}. | |
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890 |
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891 This function updates the buffer list just like @code{switch-to-buffer} |
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892 unless @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}. |
6564 | 893 @end defun |
894 | |
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895 @deffn Command replace-buffer-in-windows buffer-or-name |
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896 This function replaces @var{buffer-or-name} with some other buffer in all |
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897 windows displaying it. It chooses the other buffer with |
12098 | 898 @code{other-buffer}. In the usual applications of this function, you |
899 don't care which other buffer is used; you just want to make sure that | |
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900 @var{buffer-or-name} is no longer displayed. |
12098 | 901 |
902 This function returns @code{nil}. | |
903 @end deffn | |
904 | |
6564 | 905 @node Choosing Window |
906 @section Choosing a Window for Display | |
907 | |
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908 This section describes the basic facility that chooses a window to |
6564 | 909 display a buffer in---@code{display-buffer}. All the higher-level |
910 functions and commands use this subroutine. Here we describe how to use | |
911 @code{display-buffer} and how to customize it. | |
912 | |
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913 @deffn Command display-buffer buffer-or-name &optional not-this-window frame |
6564 | 914 This command makes @var{buffer-or-name} appear in some window, like |
915 @code{pop-to-buffer}, but it does not select that window and does not | |
916 make the buffer current. The identity of the selected window is | |
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917 unaltered by this function. @var{buffer-or-name} must be a buffer, or |
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918 the name of an existing buffer. |
6564 | 919 |
920 If @var{not-this-window} is non-@code{nil}, it means to display the | |
921 specified buffer in a window other than the selected one, even if it is | |
922 already on display in the selected window. This can cause the buffer to | |
923 appear in two windows at once. Otherwise, if @var{buffer-or-name} is | |
924 already being displayed in any window, that is good enough, so this | |
925 function does nothing. | |
926 | |
927 @code{display-buffer} returns the window chosen to display | |
928 @var{buffer-or-name}. | |
929 | |
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930 If the argument @var{frame} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies which frames |
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931 to check when deciding whether the buffer is already displayed. If the |
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932 buffer is already displayed in some window on one of these frames, |
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933 @code{display-buffer} simply returns that window. Here are the possible |
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934 values of @var{frame}: |
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935 |
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936 @itemize @bullet |
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937 @item |
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938 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. |
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939 (Actually, the last non-minibuffer frame.) |
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940 @item |
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941 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. |
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942 @item |
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943 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. |
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944 @item |
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945 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
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946 @item |
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947 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
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948 @end itemize |
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949 |
6564 | 950 Precisely how @code{display-buffer} finds or creates a window depends on |
951 the variables described below. | |
952 @end deffn | |
953 | |
30665 | 954 @defopt display-buffer-reuse-frames |
955 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} searches | |
956 existing frames for a window displaying the buffer. If the buffer is | |
957 already displayed in a window in some frame, @code{display-buffer} makes | |
958 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. If the buffer is | |
959 not already displayed, or if @code{display-buffer-reuse-frames} is | |
960 @code{nil}, @code{display-buffer}'s behavior is determined by other | |
961 variables, described below. | |
962 @end defopt | |
963 | |
6564 | 964 @defopt pop-up-windows |
965 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new windows. | |
966 If it is non-@code{nil} and there is only one window, then that window | |
967 is split. If it is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} does not | |
968 split the single window, but uses it whole. | |
969 @end defopt | |
970 | |
971 @defopt split-height-threshold | |
972 This variable determines when @code{display-buffer} may split a window, | |
973 if there are multiple windows. @code{display-buffer} always splits the | |
974 largest window if it has at least this many lines. If the largest | |
975 window is not this tall, it is split only if it is the sole window and | |
976 @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}. | |
977 @end defopt | |
978 | |
34269 | 979 @defopt even-window-heights |
980 This variable determines if @code{display-buffer} should even out window | |
981 heights if the buffer gets displayed in an existing window, above or | |
982 beneath another existing window. If @code{even-window-heights} is | |
983 @code{t}, the default, window heights will be evened out. If | |
48700 | 984 @code{even-window-heights} is @code{nil}, the original window heights |
34269 | 985 will be left alone. |
34307 | 986 @end defopt |
34269 | 987 |
6564 | 988 @c Emacs 19 feature |
989 @defopt pop-up-frames | |
990 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new frames. | |
991 If it is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} looks for an existing | |
992 window already displaying the desired buffer, on any visible frame. If | |
993 it finds one, it returns that window. Otherwise it makes a new frame. | |
994 The variables @code{pop-up-windows} and @code{split-height-threshold} do | |
995 not matter if @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}. | |
996 | |
997 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} either | |
998 splits a window or reuses one. | |
999 | |
1000 @xref{Frames}, for more information. | |
1001 @end defopt | |
1002 | |
1003 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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1004 @defopt pop-up-frame-function |
6564 | 1005 This variable specifies how to make a new frame if @code{pop-up-frames} |
1006 is non-@code{nil}. | |
1007 | |
1008 Its value should be a function of no arguments. When | |
1009 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame, it does so by calling that | |
1010 function, which should return a frame. The default value of the | |
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1011 variable is a function that creates a frame using parameters from |
6564 | 1012 @code{pop-up-frame-alist}. |
52849 | 1013 @end defopt |
6564 | 1014 |
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1015 @defopt pop-up-frame-alist |
6564 | 1016 This variable holds an alist specifying frame parameters used when |
1017 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame. @xref{Frame Parameters}, for | |
1018 more information about frame parameters. | |
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1019 @end defopt |
6564 | 1020 |
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1021 @defopt special-display-buffer-names |
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1022 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed specially. |
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1023 If the buffer's name is in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the |
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1024 buffer specially. |
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1025 |
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1026 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame. |
12098 | 1027 |
1028 If an element is a list, instead of a string, then the @sc{car} of the | |
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1029 list is the buffer name, and the rest of the list says how to create |
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1030 the frame. There are two possibilities for the rest of the list (its |
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1031 @sc{cdr}). It can be an alist, specifying frame parameters, or it can |
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1032 contain a function and arguments to give to it. (The function's first |
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1033 argument is always the buffer to be displayed; the arguments from the |
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1034 list come after that.) |
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1035 |
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1036 For example: |
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1037 |
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1038 @example |
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1039 (("myfile" (minibuffer) (menu-bar-lines . 0))) |
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1040 @end example |
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1041 |
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1042 @noindent |
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1043 specifies to display a buffer named @samp{myfile} in a dedicated frame |
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1044 with specified @code{minibuffer} and @code{menu-bar-lines} parameters. |
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1045 |
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1046 The list of frame parameters can also use the phony frame parameters |
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1047 @code{same-frame} and @code{same-window}. If the specified frame |
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1048 parameters include @code{(same-window . @var{value})} and @var{value} |
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1049 is non-@code{nil}, that means to display the buffer in the current |
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1050 selected window. Otherwise, if they include @code{(same-frame . |
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1051 @var{value})} and @var{value} is non-@code{nil}, that means to display |
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1052 the buffer in a new window in the currently selected frame. |
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1053 @end defopt |
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1054 |
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1055 @defopt special-display-regexps |
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1056 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be |
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1057 displayed specially. If the buffer's name matches any of the regular |
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1058 expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer |
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1059 specially. |
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1060 |
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1061 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame. |
12098 | 1062 |
1063 If an element is a list, instead of a string, then the @sc{car} of the | |
1064 list is the regular expression, and the rest of the list says how to | |
1065 create the frame. See above, under @code{special-display-buffer-names}. | |
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1066 @end defopt |
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1067 |
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1068 @defun special-display-p buffer-name |
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1069 This function returns non-@code{nil} if displaying a buffer |
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1070 named @var{buffer-name} with @code{display-buffer} would |
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1071 create a special frame. The value is @code{t} if it would |
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1072 use the default frame parameters, or else the specified list |
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1073 of frame parameters. |
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1074 @end defun |
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1075 |
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1076 @defvar special-display-function |
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1077 This variable holds the function to call to display a buffer specially. |
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1078 It receives the buffer as an argument, and should return the window in |
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1079 which it is displayed. |
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1080 |
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1081 The default value of this variable is |
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1082 @code{special-display-popup-frame}. |
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1083 @end defvar |
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1084 |
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1085 @defun special-display-popup-frame buffer &optional args |
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1086 This function makes @var{buffer} visible in a frame of its own. If |
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1087 @var{buffer} is already displayed in a window in some frame, it makes |
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1088 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. Otherwise, it |
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1089 creates a frame that will be dedicated to @var{buffer}. This |
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1090 function returns the window it used. |
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1091 |
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1092 If @var{args} is an alist, it specifies frame parameters for the new |
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1093 frame. |
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1094 |
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1095 If @var{args} is a list whose @sc{car} is a symbol, then @code{(car |
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1096 @var{args})} is called as a function to actually create and set up the |
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1097 frame; it is called with @var{buffer} as first argument, and @code{(cdr |
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1098 @var{args})} as additional arguments. |
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1099 |
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1100 This function always uses an existing window displaying @var{buffer}, |
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1101 whether or not it is in a frame of its own; but if you set up the above |
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1102 variables in your init file, before @var{buffer} was created, then |
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1103 presumably the window was previously made by this function. |
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1104 @end defun |
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1105 |
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1106 @defopt special-display-frame-alist |
56515 | 1107 @anchor{Definition of special-display-frame-alist} |
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1108 This variable holds frame parameters for |
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1109 @code{special-display-popup-frame} to use when it creates a frame. |
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1110 @end defopt |
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1111 |
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1112 @defopt same-window-buffer-names |
12098 | 1113 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed in the |
1114 selected window. If the buffer's name is in this list, | |
1115 @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer by switching to it in the | |
1116 selected window. | |
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1117 @end defopt |
12098 | 1118 |
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1119 @defopt same-window-regexps |
12098 | 1120 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be |
1121 displayed in the selected window. If the buffer's name matches any of | |
1122 the regular expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the | |
1123 buffer by switching to it in the selected window. | |
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1124 @end defopt |
12098 | 1125 |
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1126 @defun same-window-p buffer-name |
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1127 This function returns @code{t} if displaying a buffer |
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1128 named @var{buffer-name} with @code{display-buffer} would |
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1129 put it in the selected window. |
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1130 @end defun |
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1131 |
6564 | 1132 @c Emacs 19 feature |
1133 @defvar display-buffer-function | |
1134 This variable is the most flexible way to customize the behavior of | |
1135 @code{display-buffer}. If it is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function | |
1136 that @code{display-buffer} calls to do the work. The function should | |
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1137 accept two arguments, the first two arguments that @code{display-buffer} |
6564 | 1138 received. It should choose or create a window, display the specified |
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1139 buffer in it, and then return the window. |
6564 | 1140 |
1141 This hook takes precedence over all the other options and hooks | |
1142 described above. | |
1143 @end defvar | |
1144 | |
1145 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1146 @cindex dedicated window | |
1147 A window can be marked as ``dedicated'' to its buffer. Then | |
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1148 @code{display-buffer} will not try to use that window to display any |
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1149 other buffer. |
6564 | 1150 |
1151 @defun window-dedicated-p window | |
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1152 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is marked as |
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1153 dedicated; otherwise @code{nil}. |
6564 | 1154 @end defun |
1155 | |
1156 @defun set-window-dedicated-p window flag | |
1157 This function marks @var{window} as dedicated if @var{flag} is | |
1158 non-@code{nil}, and nondedicated otherwise. | |
1159 @end defun | |
1160 | |
1161 @node Window Point | |
1162 @section Windows and Point | |
1163 @cindex window position | |
1164 @cindex window point | |
1165 @cindex position in window | |
1166 @cindex point in window | |
1167 | |
1168 Each window has its own value of point, independent of the value of | |
1169 point in other windows displaying the same buffer. This makes it useful | |
1170 to have multiple windows showing one buffer. | |
1171 | |
1172 @itemize @bullet | |
1173 @item | |
1174 The window point is established when a window is first created; it is | |
1175 initialized from the buffer's point, or from the window point of another | |
1176 window opened on the buffer if such a window exists. | |
1177 | |
1178 @item | |
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1179 Selecting a window sets the value of point in its buffer from the |
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1180 window's value of point. Conversely, deselecting a window sets the |
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1181 window's value of point from that of the buffer. Thus, when you switch |
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1182 between windows that display a given buffer, the point value for the |
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1183 selected window is in effect in the buffer, while the point values for |
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1184 the other windows are stored in those windows. |
6564 | 1185 |
1186 @item | |
1187 As long as the selected window displays the current buffer, the window's | |
1188 point and the buffer's point always move together; they remain equal. | |
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1189 @end itemize |
6564 | 1190 |
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1191 @noindent |
6564 | 1192 @xref{Positions}, for more details on buffer positions. |
1193 | |
76835 | 1194 @cindex cursor |
6564 | 1195 As far as the user is concerned, point is where the cursor is, and |
1196 when the user switches to another buffer, the cursor jumps to the | |
1197 position of point in that buffer. | |
1198 | |
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1199 @defun window-point &optional window |
6564 | 1200 This function returns the current position of point in @var{window}. |
1201 For a nonselected window, this is the value point would have (in that | |
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1202 window's buffer) if that window were selected. If @var{window} is |
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1203 @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
6564 | 1204 |
1205 When @var{window} is the selected window and its buffer is also the | |
1206 current buffer, the value returned is the same as point in that buffer. | |
1207 | |
1208 Strictly speaking, it would be more correct to return the | |
1209 ``top-level'' value of point, outside of any @code{save-excursion} | |
1210 forms. But that value is hard to find. | |
1211 @end defun | |
1212 | |
1213 @defun set-window-point window position | |
1214 This function positions point in @var{window} at position | |
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1215 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}. |
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1216 |
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1217 If @var{window} is selected, and its buffer is current, |
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1218 this simply does @code{goto-char}. |
6564 | 1219 @end defun |
1220 | |
1221 @node Window Start | |
1222 @section The Window Start Position | |
76837 | 1223 @cindex window start position |
6564 | 1224 |
1225 Each window contains a marker used to keep track of a buffer position | |
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1226 that specifies where in the buffer display should start. This position |
6564 | 1227 is called the @dfn{display-start} position of the window (or just the |
1228 @dfn{start}). The character after this position is the one that appears | |
1229 at the upper left corner of the window. It is usually, but not | |
1230 inevitably, at the beginning of a text line. | |
1231 | |
1232 @defun window-start &optional window | |
1233 @cindex window top line | |
1234 This function returns the display-start position of window | |
1235 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is | |
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1236 used. For example, |
6564 | 1237 |
1238 @example | |
1239 @group | |
1240 (window-start) | |
1241 @result{} 7058 | |
1242 @end group | |
1243 @end example | |
1244 | |
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1245 When you create a window, or display a different buffer in it, the |
6564 | 1246 display-start position is set to a display-start position recently used |
1247 for the same buffer, or 1 if the buffer doesn't have any. | |
1248 | |
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1249 Redisplay updates the window-start position (if you have not specified |
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1250 it explicitly since the previous redisplay)---for example, to make sure |
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1251 point appears on the screen. Nothing except redisplay automatically |
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1252 changes the window-start position; if you move point, do not expect the |
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1253 window-start position to change in response until after the next |
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1254 redisplay. |
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1255 |
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1256 For a realistic example of using @code{window-start}, see the |
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1257 description of @code{count-lines}. @xref{Definition of count-lines}. |
6564 | 1258 @end defun |
1259 | |
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1260 @defun window-end &optional window update |
6564 | 1261 This function returns the position of the end of the display in window |
1262 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is | |
1263 used. | |
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1264 |
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1265 Simply changing the buffer text or moving point does not update the |
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1266 value that @code{window-end} returns. The value is updated only when |
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1267 Emacs redisplays and redisplay completes without being preempted. |
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1268 |
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1269 If the last redisplay of @var{window} was preempted, and did not finish, |
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1270 Emacs does not know the position of the end of display in that window. |
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1271 In that case, this function returns @code{nil}. |
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1272 |
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1273 If @var{update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{window-end} always returns an |
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1274 up-to-date value for where the window ends, based on the current |
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1275 @code{window-start} value. If the saved value is valid, |
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1276 @code{window-end} returns that; otherwise it computes the correct |
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1277 value by scanning the buffer text. |
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1278 |
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1279 Even if @var{update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{window-end} does not |
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1280 attempt to scroll the display if point has moved off the screen, the |
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1281 way real redisplay would do. It does not alter the |
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1282 @code{window-start} value. In effect, it reports where the displayed |
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1283 text will end if scrolling is not required. |
6564 | 1284 @end defun |
1285 | |
1286 @defun set-window-start window position &optional noforce | |
1287 This function sets the display-start position of @var{window} to | |
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1288 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}. |
6564 | 1289 |
1290 The display routines insist that the position of point be visible when a | |
1291 buffer is displayed. Normally, they change the display-start position | |
1292 (that is, scroll the window) whenever necessary to make point visible. | |
1293 However, if you specify the start position with this function using | |
1294 @code{nil} for @var{noforce}, it means you want display to start at | |
1295 @var{position} even if that would put the location of point off the | |
1296 screen. If this does place point off screen, the display routines move | |
1297 point to the left margin on the middle line in the window. | |
1298 | |
1299 For example, if point @w{is 1} and you set the start of the window @w{to | |
1300 2}, then point would be ``above'' the top of the window. The display | |
1301 routines will automatically move point if it is still 1 when redisplay | |
1302 occurs. Here is an example: | |
1303 | |
1304 @example | |
1305 @group | |
1306 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like before executing} | |
1307 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.} | |
1308 @end group | |
1309 | |
1310 @group | |
1311 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1312 @point{}This is the contents of buffer foo. | |
1313 2 | |
1314 3 | |
1315 4 | |
1316 5 | |
1317 6 | |
1318 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1319 @end group | |
1320 | |
1321 @group | |
1322 (set-window-start | |
1323 (selected-window) | |
1324 (1+ (window-start))) | |
1325 @result{} 2 | |
1326 @end group | |
1327 | |
1328 @group | |
1329 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like after executing} | |
1330 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.} | |
1331 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1332 his is the contents of buffer foo. | |
1333 2 | |
1334 3 | |
1335 @point{}4 | |
1336 5 | |
1337 6 | |
1338 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1339 @end group | |
1340 @end example | |
1341 | |
1342 If @var{noforce} is non-@code{nil}, and @var{position} would place point | |
1343 off screen at the next redisplay, then redisplay computes a new window-start | |
1344 position that works well with point, and thus @var{position} is not used. | |
1345 @end defun | |
1346 | |
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1347 @defun pos-visible-in-window-p &optional position window partially |
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1348 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{position} is within the |
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1349 range of text currently visible on the screen in @var{window}. It |
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1350 returns @code{nil} if @var{position} is scrolled vertically out of |
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1351 view. Locations that are partially obscured are not considered |
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1352 visible unless @var{partially} is non-@code{nil}. The argument |
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1353 @var{position} defaults to the current position of point in |
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1354 @var{window}; @var{window}, to the selected window. |
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1355 |
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1356 If @var{position} is @code{t}, that means to check the last visible |
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1357 position in @var{window}. |
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1358 |
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1359 The @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} function considers only vertical |
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1360 scrolling. If @var{position} is out of view only because @var{window} |
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1361 has been scrolled horizontally, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns |
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1362 non-@code{nil} anyway. @xref{Horizontal Scrolling}. |
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1363 |
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1364 If @var{position} is visible, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns |
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1365 @code{t} if @var{partially} is @code{nil}; if @var{partially} is |
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1366 non-@code{nil}, and the character after @var{position} is fully |
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1367 visible, it returns a list of the form @code{(@var{x} @var{y})}, where |
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1368 @var{x} and @var{y} are the pixel coordinates relative to the top left |
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1369 corner of the window; otherwise it returns an extended list of the |
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1370 form @code{(@var{x} @var{y} @var{rtop} @var{rbot} @var{rowh} |
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1371 @var{vpos})}, where the @var{rtop} and @var{rbot} specify the number |
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1372 of off-window pixels at the top and bottom of the row at |
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1373 @var{position}, @var{rowh} specifies the visible height of that row, |
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1374 and @var{vpos} specifies the vertical position (zero-based row number) |
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1375 of that row. |
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1376 |
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1377 Here is an example: |
6564 | 1378 |
1379 @example | |
1380 @group | |
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1381 ;; @r{If point is off the screen now, recenter it now.} |
6564 | 1382 (or (pos-visible-in-window-p |
1383 (point) (selected-window)) | |
1384 (recenter 0)) | |
1385 @end group | |
1386 @end example | |
1387 @end defun | |
1388 | |
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1389 @defun window-line-height &optional line window |
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1390 This function returns information about text line @var{line} in @var{window}. |
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1391 If @var{line} is one of @code{header-line} or @code{mode-line}, |
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1392 @code{window-line-height} returns information about the corresponding |
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1393 line of the window. Otherwise, @var{line} is a text line number |
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1394 starting from 0. A negative number counts from the end of the window. |
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1395 The argument @var{line} defaults to the current line in @var{window}; |
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1396 @var{window}, to the selected window. |
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1397 |
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1398 If the display is not up to date, @code{window-line-height} returns |
73017
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1399 @code{nil}. In that case, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} may be used |
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1400 to obtain related information. |
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1401 |
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1402 If there is no line corresponding to the specified @var{line}, |
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1403 @code{window-line-height} returns @code{nil}. Otherwise, it returns |
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1404 a list @code{(@var{height} @var{vpos} @var{ypos} @var{offbot})}, |
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1405 where @var{height} is the height in pixels of the visible part of the |
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1406 line, @var{vpos} and @var{ypos} are the vertical position in lines and |
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1407 pixels of the line relative to the top of the first text line, and |
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1408 @var{offbot} is the number of off-window pixels at the bottom of the |
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1409 text line. If there are off-window pixels at the top of the (first) |
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1410 text line, @var{ypos} is negative. |
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1411 @end defun |
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1412 |
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1413 @node Textual Scrolling |
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1414 @section Textual Scrolling |
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1415 @cindex textual scrolling |
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1416 @cindex scrolling textually |
6564 | 1417 |
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1418 @dfn{Textual scrolling} means moving the text up or down through a |
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1419 window. It works by changing the value of the window's display-start |
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1420 location. It may also change the value of @code{window-point} to keep |
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1421 point on the screen. |
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1422 |
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1423 Textual scrolling was formerly called ``vertical scrolling,'' but we |
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1424 changed its name to distinguish it from the new vertical fractional |
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1425 scrolling feature (@pxref{Vertical Scrolling}). |
6564 | 1426 |
1427 In the commands @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down}, the directions | |
1428 ``up'' and ``down'' refer to the motion of the text in the buffer at which | |
1429 you are looking through the window. Imagine that the text is | |
1430 written on a long roll of paper and that the scrolling commands move the | |
1431 paper up and down. Thus, if you are looking at text in the middle of a | |
1432 buffer and repeatedly call @code{scroll-down}, you will eventually see | |
1433 the beginning of the buffer. | |
1434 | |
1435 Some people have urged that the opposite convention be used: they | |
1436 imagine that the window moves over text that remains in place. Then | |
1437 ``down'' commands would take you to the end of the buffer. This view is | |
1438 more consistent with the actual relationship between windows and the | |
1439 text in the buffer, but it is less like what the user sees. The | |
1440 position of a window on the terminal does not move, and short scrolling | |
1441 commands clearly move the text up or down on the screen. We have chosen | |
1442 names that fit the user's point of view. | |
1443 | |
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1444 The textual scrolling functions (aside from |
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1445 @code{scroll-other-window}) have unpredictable results if the current |
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1446 buffer is different from the buffer that is displayed in the selected |
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1447 window. @xref{Current Buffer}. |
6564 | 1448 |
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1449 If the window contains a row which is taller than the height of the |
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1450 window (for example in the presence of a large image), the scroll |
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1451 functions will adjust the window vscroll to scroll the partially |
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1452 visible row. To disable this feature, Lisp code may bind the variable |
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1453 `auto-window-vscroll' to @code{nil} (@pxref{Vertical Scrolling}). |
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1454 |
6564 | 1455 @deffn Command scroll-up &optional count |
1456 This function scrolls the text in the selected window upward | |
1457 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually | |
1458 downward. | |
1459 | |
1460 If @var{count} is @code{nil} (or omitted), then the length of scroll | |
1461 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of | |
1462 the window (not counting its mode line). | |
1463 | |
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1464 @code{scroll-up} returns @code{nil}, unless it gets an error |
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1465 because it can't scroll any further. |
6564 | 1466 @end deffn |
1467 | |
1468 @deffn Command scroll-down &optional count | |
1469 This function scrolls the text in the selected window downward | |
1470 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually | |
1471 upward. | |
1472 | |
1473 If @var{count} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the length of the scroll | |
1474 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of | |
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1475 the window (not counting its mode line). |
6564 | 1476 |
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1477 @code{scroll-down} returns @code{nil}, unless it gets an error because |
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1478 it can't scroll any further. |
6564 | 1479 @end deffn |
1480 | |
1481 @deffn Command scroll-other-window &optional count | |
1482 This function scrolls the text in another window upward @var{count} | |
1483 lines. Negative values of @var{count}, or @code{nil}, are handled | |
1484 as in @code{scroll-up}. | |
1485 | |
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1486 You can specify which buffer to scroll by setting the variable |
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1487 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer} to a buffer. If that buffer isn't |
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1488 already displayed, @code{scroll-other-window} displays it in some |
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1489 window. |
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1490 |
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1491 When the selected window is the minibuffer, the next window is normally |
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1492 the one at the top left corner. You can specify a different window to |
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1493 scroll, when the minibuffer is selected, by setting the variable |
6564 | 1494 @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. This variable has no effect when any |
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1495 other window is selected. When it is non-@code{nil} and the |
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1496 minibuffer is selected, it takes precedence over |
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1497 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer}. @xref{Definition of |
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1498 minibuffer-scroll-window}. |
6564 | 1499 |
1500 When the minibuffer is active, it is the next window if the selected | |
1501 window is the one at the bottom right corner. In this case, | |
1502 @code{scroll-other-window} attempts to scroll the minibuffer. If the | |
1503 minibuffer contains just one line, it has nowhere to scroll to, so the | |
1504 line reappears after the echo area momentarily displays the message | |
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1505 @samp{Beginning of buffer}. |
6564 | 1506 @end deffn |
1507 | |
1508 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1509 @defvar other-window-scroll-buffer | |
1510 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it tells @code{scroll-other-window} | |
1511 which buffer to scroll. | |
1512 @end defvar | |
1513 | |
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1514 @defopt scroll-margin |
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1515 This option specifies the size of the scroll margin---a minimum number |
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1516 of lines between point and the top or bottom of a window. Whenever |
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1517 point gets within this many lines of the top or bottom of the window, |
42985 | 1518 redisplay scrolls the text automatically (if possible) to move point |
1519 out of the margin, closer to the center of the window. | |
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1520 @end defopt |
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1521 |
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1522 @defopt scroll-conservatively |
6564 | 1523 This variable controls how scrolling is done automatically when point |
42985 | 1524 moves off the screen (or into the scroll margin). If the value is a |
1525 positive integer @var{n}, then redisplay scrolls the text up to | |
1526 @var{n} lines in either direction, if that will bring point back into | |
1527 proper view. This action is called @dfn{conservative scrolling}. | |
1528 Otherwise, scrolling happens in the usual way, under the control of | |
1529 other variables such as @code{scroll-up-aggressively} and | |
1530 @code{scroll-down-aggressively}. | |
1531 | |
1532 The default value is zero, which means that conservative scrolling | |
1533 never happens. | |
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1534 @end defopt |
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1535 |
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1536 @defopt scroll-down-aggressively |
26210 | 1537 The value of this variable should be either @code{nil} or a fraction |
1538 @var{f} between 0 and 1. If it is a fraction, that specifies where on | |
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1539 the screen to put point when scrolling down. More precisely, when a |
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1540 window scrolls down because point is above the window start, the new |
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1541 start position is chosen to put point @var{f} part of the window |
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1542 height from the top. The larger @var{f}, the more aggressive the |
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1543 scrolling. |
26210 | 1544 |
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1545 A value of @code{nil} is equivalent to .5, since its effect is to center |
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1546 point. This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any |
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1547 fashion. |
26210 | 1548 @end defopt |
1549 | |
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1550 @defopt scroll-up-aggressively |
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1551 Likewise, for scrolling up. The value, @var{f}, specifies how far |
26210 | 1552 point should be placed from the bottom of the window; thus, as with |
1553 @code{scroll-up-aggressively}, a larger value scrolls more aggressively. | |
1554 @end defopt | |
1555 | |
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1556 @defopt scroll-step |
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1557 This variable is an older variant of @code{scroll-conservatively}. The |
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1558 difference is that it if its value is @var{n}, that permits scrolling |
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1559 only by precisely @var{n} lines, not a smaller number. This feature |
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1560 does not work with @code{scroll-margin}. The default value is zero. |
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1561 @end defopt |
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1562 |
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1563 @defopt scroll-preserve-screen-position |
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1564 If this option is @code{t}, scrolling which would move the current |
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1565 point position out of the window chooses the new position of point |
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1566 so that the vertical position of the cursor is unchanged, if possible. |
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1567 |
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1568 If it is non-@code{nil} and not @code{t}, then the scrolling functions |
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1569 always preserve the vertical position of point, if possible. |
6564 | 1570 @end defopt |
1571 | |
1572 @defopt next-screen-context-lines | |
1573 The value of this variable is the number of lines of continuity to | |
1574 retain when scrolling by full screens. For example, @code{scroll-up} | |
1575 with an argument of @code{nil} scrolls so that this many lines at the | |
1576 bottom of the window appear instead at the top. The default value is | |
1577 @code{2}. | |
1578 @end defopt | |
1579 | |
1580 @deffn Command recenter &optional count | |
1581 @cindex centering point | |
42985 | 1582 This function scrolls the text in the selected window so that point is |
1583 displayed at a specified vertical position within the window. It does | |
1584 not ``move point'' with respect to the text. | |
6564 | 1585 |
42985 | 1586 If @var{count} is a nonnegative number, that puts the line containing |
1587 point @var{count} lines down from the top of the window. If | |
1588 @var{count} is a negative number, then it counts upward from the | |
1589 bottom of the window, so that @minus{}1 stands for the last usable | |
1590 line in the window. If @var{count} is a non-@code{nil} list, then it | |
1591 stands for the line in the middle of the window. | |
6564 | 1592 |
1593 If @var{count} is @code{nil}, @code{recenter} puts the line containing | |
1594 point in the middle of the window, then clears and redisplays the entire | |
1595 selected frame. | |
1596 | |
1597 When @code{recenter} is called interactively, @var{count} is the raw | |
1598 prefix argument. Thus, typing @kbd{C-u} as the prefix sets the | |
1599 @var{count} to a non-@code{nil} list, while typing @kbd{C-u 4} sets | |
1600 @var{count} to 4, which positions the current line four lines from the | |
1601 top. | |
1602 | |
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1603 With an argument of zero, @code{recenter} positions the current line at |
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1604 the top of the window. This action is so handy that some people make a |
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1605 separate key binding to do this. For example, |
6564 | 1606 |
1607 @example | |
1608 @group | |
1609 (defun line-to-top-of-window () | |
1610 "Scroll current line to top of window. | |
1611 Replaces three keystroke sequence C-u 0 C-l." | |
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1612 (interactive) |
6564 | 1613 (recenter 0)) |
1614 | |
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1615 (global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window) |
6564 | 1616 @end group |
1617 @end example | |
1618 @end deffn | |
1619 | |
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1620 @node Vertical Scrolling |
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1621 @section Vertical Fractional Scrolling |
76993 | 1622 @cindex vertical fractional scrolling |
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1623 |
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1624 @dfn{Vertical fractional scrolling} means shifting the image in the |
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1625 window up or down by a specified multiple or fraction of a line. |
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1626 Each window has a @dfn{vertical scroll position}, |
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1627 which is a number, never less than zero. It specifies how far to raise |
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1628 the contents of the window. Raising the window contents generally makes |
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1629 all or part of some lines disappear off the top, and all or part of some |
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1630 other lines appear at the bottom. The usual value is zero. |
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1631 |
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1632 The vertical scroll position is measured in units of the normal line |
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1633 height, which is the height of the default font. Thus, if the value is |
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1634 .5, that means the window contents are scrolled up half the normal line |
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1635 height. If it is 3.3, that means the window contents are scrolled up |
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1636 somewhat over three times the normal line height. |
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1637 |
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1638 What fraction of a line the vertical scrolling covers, or how many |
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1639 lines, depends on what the lines contain. A value of .5 could scroll a |
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1640 line whose height is very short off the screen, while a value of 3.3 |
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1641 could scroll just part of the way through a tall line or an image. |
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1642 |
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1643 @defun window-vscroll &optional window pixels-p |
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1644 This function returns the current vertical scroll position of |
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1645 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is |
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1646 used. If @var{pixels-p} is non-@code{nil}, the return value is |
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1647 measured in pixels, rather than in units of the normal line height. |
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1648 |
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1649 @example |
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1650 @group |
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1651 (window-vscroll) |
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1652 @result{} 0 |
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1653 @end group |
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1654 @end example |
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1655 @end defun |
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1656 |
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1657 @defun set-window-vscroll window lines &optional pixels-p |
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1658 This function sets @var{window}'s vertical scroll position to |
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1659 @var{lines}. The argument @var{lines} should be zero or positive; if |
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1660 not, it is taken as zero. |
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1661 |
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(Vertical Scrolling): Document what does nil mean as the first arg of
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1662 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
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1663 |
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1664 The actual vertical scroll position must always correspond |
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1665 to an integral number of pixels, so the value you specify |
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1666 is rounded accordingly. |
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1667 |
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1668 The return value is the result of this rounding. |
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1669 |
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1670 @example |
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1671 @group |
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1672 (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) 1.2) |
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1673 @result{} 1.13 |
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1674 @end group |
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1675 @end example |
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1676 |
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1677 If @var{pixels-p} is non-@code{nil}, @var{lines} specifies a number of |
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1678 pixels. In this case, the return value is @var{lines}. |
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1679 @end defun |
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1680 |
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1681 @defvar auto-window-vscroll |
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1682 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the line-move, scroll-up, and |
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1683 scroll-down functions will automatically modify the window vscroll to |
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1684 scroll through display rows that are taller that the height of the |
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* commands.texi (Event Input Misc):
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1685 window, for example in the presence of large images. |
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1686 @end defvar |
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1687 |
6564 | 1688 @node Horizontal Scrolling |
1689 @section Horizontal Scrolling | |
1690 @cindex horizontal scrolling | |
1691 | |
25751
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1692 @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting the image in the window left |
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1693 or right by a specified multiple of the normal character width. Each |
42895 | 1694 window has a @dfn{horizontal scroll position}, which is a number, never |
25751
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1695 less than zero. It specifies how far to shift the contents left. |
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1696 Shifting the window contents left generally makes all or part of some |
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1697 characters disappear off the left, and all or part of some other |
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1698 characters appear at the right. The usual value is zero. |
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1699 |
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1700 The horizontal scroll position is measured in units of the normal |
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1701 character width, which is the width of space in the default font. Thus, |
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1702 if the value is 5, that means the window contents are scrolled left by 5 |
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(Horizontal Scrolling): Remove doubled `the'.
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1703 times the normal character width. How many characters actually |
25751
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1704 disappear off to the left depends on their width, and could vary from |
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1705 line to line. |
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1706 |
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1707 Because we read from side to side in the ``inner loop,'' and from top |
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1708 to bottom in the ``outer loop,'' the effect of horizontal scrolling is |
25751
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1709 not like that of textual or vertical scrolling. Textual scrolling |
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1710 involves selection of a portion of text to display, and vertical |
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1711 scrolling moves the window contents contiguously; but horizontal |
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1712 scrolling causes part of @emph{each line} to go off screen. |
6564 | 1713 |
1714 Usually, no horizontal scrolling is in effect; then the leftmost | |
1715 column is at the left edge of the window. In this state, scrolling to | |
25751
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1716 the right is meaningless, since there is no data to the left of the edge |
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1717 to be revealed by it; so this is not allowed. Scrolling to the left is |
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1718 allowed; it scrolls the first columns of text off the edge of the window |
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1719 and can reveal additional columns on the right that were truncated |
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|
1720 before. Once a window has a nonzero amount of leftward horizontal |
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1721 scrolling, you can scroll it back to the right, but only so far as to |
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1722 reduce the net horizontal scroll to zero. There is no limit to how far |
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1723 left you can scroll, but eventually all the text will disappear off the |
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1724 left edge. |
6564 | 1725 |
43665
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(Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling to auto-hscroll-mode.
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|
1726 @vindex auto-hscroll-mode |
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1727 If @code{auto-hscroll-mode} is set, redisplay automatically alters |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1728 the horizontal scrolling of a window as necessary to ensure that point |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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|
1729 is always visible. However, you can still set the horizontal |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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|
1730 scrolling value explicitly. The value you specify serves as a lower |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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|
1731 bound for automatic scrolling, i.e. automatic scrolling will not |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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|
1732 scroll a window to a column less than the specified one. |
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1733 |
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|
1734 @deffn Command scroll-left &optional count set-minimum |
6564 | 1735 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the |
25751
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1736 left (or to the right if @var{count} is negative). The default |
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1737 for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2. |
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1738 |
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1739 The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in |
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|
1740 effect after the change---just like the value returned by |
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|
1741 @code{window-hscroll} (below). |
6564 | 1742 |
1743 Once you scroll a window as far right as it can go, back to its normal | |
1744 position where the total leftward scrolling is zero, attempts to scroll | |
1745 any farther right have no effect. | |
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1746 |
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1747 If @var{set-minimum} is non-@code{nil}, the new scroll amount becomes |
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1748 the lower bound for automatic scrolling; that is, automatic scrolling |
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1749 will not scroll a window to a column less than the value returned by |
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|
1750 this function. Interactive calls pass non-@code{nil} for |
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1751 @var{set-minimum}. |
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1752 @end deffn |
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1753 |
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1754 @deffn Command scroll-right &optional count set-minimum |
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1755 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the |
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1756 right (or to the left if @var{count} is negative). The default |
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1757 for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2. Aside from the direction |
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1758 of scrolling, this works just like @code{scroll-left}. |
6564 | 1759 @end deffn |
1760 | |
1761 @defun window-hscroll &optional window | |
1762 This function returns the total leftward horizontal scrolling of | |
1763 @var{window}---the number of columns by which the text in @var{window} | |
1764 is scrolled left past the left margin. | |
1765 | |
1766 The value is never negative. It is zero when no horizontal scrolling | |
1767 has been done in @var{window} (which is usually the case). | |
1768 | |
1769 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. | |
1770 | |
1771 @example | |
1772 @group | |
1773 (window-hscroll) | |
1774 @result{} 0 | |
1775 @end group | |
1776 @group | |
1777 (scroll-left 5) | |
1778 @result{} 5 | |
1779 @end group | |
1780 @group | |
1781 (window-hscroll) | |
1782 @result{} 5 | |
1783 @end group | |
1784 @end example | |
1785 @end defun | |
1786 | |
1787 @defun set-window-hscroll window columns | |
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1788 This function sets horizontal scrolling of @var{window}. The value of |
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1789 @var{columns} specifies the amount of scrolling, in terms of columns |
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1790 from the left margin. The argument @var{columns} should be zero or |
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1791 positive; if not, it is taken as zero. Fractional values of |
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1792 @var{columns} are not supported at present. |
6564 | 1793 |
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1794 Note that @code{set-window-hscroll} may appear not to work if you test |
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1795 it by evaluating a call with @kbd{M-:} in a simple way. What happens |
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Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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|
1796 is that the function sets the horizontal scroll value and returns, but |
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Explain why set-window-hscroll may appear to fail to work.
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1797 then redisplay adjusts the horizontal scrolling to make point visible, |
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1798 and this overrides what the function did. You can observe the |
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|
1799 function's effect if you call it while point is sufficiently far from |
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|
1800 the left margin that it will remain visible. |
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1801 |
6564 | 1802 The value returned is @var{columns}. |
1803 | |
1804 @example | |
1805 @group | |
1806 (set-window-hscroll (selected-window) 10) | |
1807 @result{} 10 | |
1808 @end group | |
1809 @end example | |
1810 @end defun | |
1811 | |
1812 Here is how you can determine whether a given position @var{position} | |
1813 is off the screen due to horizontal scrolling: | |
1814 | |
1815 @example | |
1816 @group | |
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1817 (defun hscroll-on-screen (window position) |
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1818 (save-excursion |
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1819 (goto-char position) |
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1820 (and |
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1821 (>= (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) 0) |
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1822 (< (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) |
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1823 (window-width window))))) |
6564 | 1824 @end group |
1825 @end example | |
1826 | |
1827 @node Size of Window | |
1828 @section The Size of a Window | |
1829 @cindex window size | |
1830 @cindex size of window | |
1831 | |
1832 An Emacs window is rectangular, and its size information consists of | |
1833 the height (the number of lines) and the width (the number of character | |
1834 positions in each line). The mode line is included in the height. But | |
1835 the width does not count the scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} | |
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1836 characters that separates side-by-side windows. |
6564 | 1837 |
1838 The following three functions return size information about a window: | |
1839 | |
1840 @defun window-height &optional window | |
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1841 This function returns the number of lines in @var{window}, including |
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1842 its mode line and header line, if any. If @var{window} fills its |
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1843 entire frame except for the echo area, this is typically one less than |
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1844 the value of @code{frame-height} on that frame. |
6564 | 1845 |
1846 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. | |
1847 | |
1848 @example | |
1849 @group | |
1850 (window-height) | |
1851 @result{} 23 | |
1852 @end group | |
1853 @group | |
1854 (split-window-vertically) | |
1855 @result{} #<window 4 on windows.texi> | |
1856 @end group | |
1857 @group | |
1858 (window-height) | |
1859 @result{} 11 | |
1860 @end group | |
1861 @end example | |
1862 @end defun | |
1863 | |
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1864 @defun window-body-height &optional window |
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1865 Like @code{window-height} but the value does not include the |
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1866 mode line (if any) or the header line (if any). |
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1867 @end defun |
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1868 |
6564 | 1869 @defun window-width &optional window |
1870 This function returns the number of columns in @var{window}. If | |
1871 @var{window} fills its entire frame, this is the same as the value of | |
1872 @code{frame-width} on that frame. The width does not include the | |
1873 window's scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} characters that separates | |
1874 side-by-side windows. | |
1875 | |
1876 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. | |
1877 | |
1878 @example | |
1879 @group | |
1880 (window-width) | |
1881 @result{} 80 | |
1882 @end group | |
1883 @end example | |
1884 @end defun | |
1885 | |
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1886 @defun window-full-width-p &optional window |
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1887 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is as wide as |
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1888 the frame that contains it; otherwise @code{nil}. |
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1889 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. |
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1890 @end defun |
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1891 |
6564 | 1892 @defun window-edges &optional window |
1893 This function returns a list of the edge coordinates of @var{window}. | |
1894 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. | |
1895 | |
1896 The order of the list is @code{(@var{left} @var{top} @var{right} | |
1897 @var{bottom})}, all elements relative to 0, 0 at the top left corner of | |
1898 the frame. The element @var{right} of the value is one more than the | |
1899 rightmost column used by @var{window}, and @var{bottom} is one more than | |
1900 the bottommost row used by @var{window} and its mode-line. | |
1901 | |
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1902 The edges include the space used by the window's scroll bar, display |
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|
1903 margins, fringes, header line, and mode line, if it has them. Also, |
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1904 if the window has a neighbor on the right, its right edge value |
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1905 includes the width of the separator line between the window and that |
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|
1906 neighbor. Since the width of the window does not include this |
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1907 separator, the width does not usually equal the difference between the |
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1908 right and left edges. |
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1909 @end defun |
6564 | 1910 |
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|
1911 @defun window-inside-edges &optional window |
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1912 This is similar to @code{window-edges}, but the edge values |
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1913 it returns include only the text area of the window. They |
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1914 do not include the header line, mode line, scroll bar or |
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1915 vertical separator, fringes, or display margins. |
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1916 @end defun |
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|
1917 |
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|
1918 Here are the results obtained on a typical 24-line terminal with just |
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|
1919 one window, with menu bar enabled: |
6564 | 1920 |
1921 @example | |
1922 @group | |
1923 (window-edges (selected-window)) | |
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1924 @result{} (0 1 80 23) |
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1925 @end group |
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1926 @group |
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1927 (window-inside-edges (selected-window)) |
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1928 @result{} (0 1 80 22) |
6564 | 1929 @end group |
1930 @end example | |
1931 | |
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1932 @noindent |
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1933 The bottom edge is at line 23 because the last line is the echo area. |
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1934 The bottom inside edge is at line 22, which is the window's mode line. |
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1935 |
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1936 If @var{window} is at the upper left corner of its frame, and there is |
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1937 no menu bar, then @var{bottom} returned by @code{window-edges} is the |
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1938 same as the value of @code{(window-height)}, @var{right} is almost the |
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1939 same as the value of @code{(window-width)}, and @var{top} and |
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1940 @var{left} are zero. For example, the edges of the following window |
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1941 are @w{@samp{0 0 8 5}}. Assuming that the frame has more than 8 |
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1942 columns, the last column of the window (column 7) holds a border |
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1943 rather than text. The last row (row 4) holds the mode line, shown |
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1944 here with @samp{xxxxxxxxx}. |
6564 | 1945 |
1946 @example | |
1947 @group | |
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1948 0 |
6564 | 1949 _______ |
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1950 0 | | |
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1951 | | |
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1952 | | |
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1953 | | |
6564 | 1954 xxxxxxxxx 4 |
1955 | |
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1956 7 |
6564 | 1957 @end group |
1958 @end example | |
1959 | |
1960 In the following example, let's suppose that the frame is 7 | |
1961 columns wide. Then the edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 4 3}} | |
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1962 and the edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 3}}. |
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1963 The inside edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 3 2}}, |
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1964 and the inside edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 2}}, |
6564 | 1965 |
1966 @example | |
1967 @group | |
1968 ___ ___ | |
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1969 | | | |
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1970 | | | |
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1971 xxxxxxxxx |
6564 | 1972 |
1973 0 34 7 | |
1974 @end group | |
1975 @end example | |
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1976 |
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1977 @defun window-pixel-edges &optional window |
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1978 This function is like @code{window-edges} except that, on a graphical |
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1979 display, the edge values are measured in pixels instead of in |
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1980 character lines and columns. |
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1981 @end defun |
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1982 |
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1983 @defun window-inside-pixel-edges &optional window |
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1984 This function is like @code{window-inside-edges} except that, on a |
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1985 graphical display, the edge values are measured in pixels instead of |
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|
1986 in character lines and columns. |
6564 | 1987 @end defun |
1988 | |
1989 @node Resizing Windows | |
1990 @section Changing the Size of a Window | |
1991 @cindex window resizing | |
76841 | 1992 @cindex resize window |
6564 | 1993 @cindex changing window size |
1994 @cindex window size, changing | |
1995 | |
1996 The window size functions fall into two classes: high-level commands | |
1997 that change the size of windows and low-level functions that access | |
1998 window size. Emacs does not permit overlapping windows or gaps between | |
1999 windows, so resizing one window affects other windows. | |
2000 | |
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2001 @deffn Command enlarge-window size &optional horizontal |
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2002 This function makes the selected window @var{size} lines taller, |
6564 | 2003 stealing lines from neighboring windows. It takes the lines from one |
2004 window at a time until that window is used up, then takes from another. | |
2005 If a window from which lines are stolen shrinks below | |
2006 @code{window-min-height} lines, that window disappears. | |
2007 | |
2008 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, this function makes | |
2009 @var{window} wider by @var{size} columns, stealing columns instead of | |
2010 lines. If a window from which columns are stolen shrinks below | |
2011 @code{window-min-width} columns, that window disappears. | |
2012 | |
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2013 If the requested size would exceed that of the window's frame, then the |
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2014 function makes the window occupy the entire height (or width) of the |
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2015 frame. |
6564 | 2016 |
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2017 If there are various other windows from which lines or columns can be |
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2018 stolen, and some of them specify fixed size (using |
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2019 @code{window-size-fixed}, see below), they are left untouched while |
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2020 other windows are ``robbed.'' If it would be necessary to alter the |
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2021 size of a fixed-size window, @code{enlarge-window} gets an error |
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2022 instead. |
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2023 |
6564 | 2024 If @var{size} is negative, this function shrinks the window by |
2025 @minus{}@var{size} lines or columns. If that makes the window smaller | |
2026 than the minimum size (@code{window-min-height} and | |
2027 @code{window-min-width}), @code{enlarge-window} deletes the window. | |
2028 | |
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2029 @code{enlarge-window} returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 2030 @end deffn |
2031 | |
2032 @deffn Command enlarge-window-horizontally columns | |
2033 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} wider. | |
2034 It could be defined as follows: | |
2035 | |
2036 @example | |
2037 @group | |
2038 (defun enlarge-window-horizontally (columns) | |
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2039 (interactive "p") |
6564 | 2040 (enlarge-window columns t)) |
2041 @end group | |
2042 @end example | |
2043 @end deffn | |
2044 | |
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2045 @deffn Command shrink-window size &optional horizontal |
6564 | 2046 This function is like @code{enlarge-window} but negates the argument |
2047 @var{size}, making the selected window smaller by giving lines (or | |
2048 columns) to the other windows. If the window shrinks below | |
2049 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, then it disappears. | |
2050 | |
2051 If @var{size} is negative, the window is enlarged by @minus{}@var{size} | |
2052 lines or columns. | |
2053 @end deffn | |
2054 | |
2055 @deffn Command shrink-window-horizontally columns | |
2056 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} narrower. | |
2057 It could be defined as follows: | |
2058 | |
2059 @example | |
2060 @group | |
2061 (defun shrink-window-horizontally (columns) | |
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2062 (interactive "p") |
6564 | 2063 (shrink-window columns t)) |
2064 @end group | |
2065 @end example | |
2066 @end deffn | |
2067 | |
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2068 @defun adjust-window-trailing-edge window delta horizontal |
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2069 This function makes the selected window @var{delta} lines taller or |
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2070 @var{delta} columns wider, by moving the bottom or right edge. This |
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2071 function does not delete other windows; if it cannot make the |
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2072 requested size adjustment, it signals an error. On success, this |
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2073 function returns @code{nil}. |
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2074 @end defun |
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2075 |
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2076 @defun fit-window-to-buffer &optional window max-height min-height |
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2077 This function makes @var{window} the right height to display its |
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|
2078 contents exactly. If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, it uses |
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|
2079 the selected window. |
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2080 |
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2081 The argument @var{max-height} specifies the maximum height the window |
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2082 is allowed to be; @code{nil} means use the frame height. The argument |
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2083 @var{min-height} specifies the minimum height for the window; |
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2084 @code{nil} means use @code{window-min-height}. All these height |
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2085 values include the mode-line and/or header-line. |
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2086 @end defun |
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2087 |
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2088 @deffn Command shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer &optional window |
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2089 This command shrinks @var{window} vertically to be as small as |
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2090 possible while still showing the full contents of its buffer---but not |
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2091 less than @code{window-min-height} lines. If @var{window} is not |
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2092 given, it defaults to the selected window. |
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2093 |
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2094 However, the command does nothing if the window is already too small to |
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2095 display the whole text of the buffer, or if part of the contents are |
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2096 currently scrolled off screen, or if the window is not the full width of |
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2097 its frame, or if the window is the only window in its frame. |
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2098 |
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2099 This command returns non-@code{nil} if it actually shrank the window |
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2100 and @code{nil} otherwise. |
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2101 @end deffn |
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2102 |
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2103 @defvar window-size-fixed |
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2104 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, in any given buffer, |
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2105 then the size of any window displaying the buffer remains fixed |
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2106 unless you explicitly change it or Emacs has no other choice. |
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2107 |
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2108 If the value is @code{height}, then only the window's height is fixed; |
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2109 if the value is @code{width}, then only the window's width is fixed. |
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2110 Any other non-@code{nil} value fixes both the width and the height. |
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2111 |
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2112 This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set. |
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2113 |
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2114 Explicit size-change functions such as @code{enlarge-window} |
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2115 get an error if they would have to change a window size which is fixed. |
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2116 Therefore, when you want to change the size of such a window, |
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2117 you should bind @code{window-size-fixed} to @code{nil}, like this: |
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2118 |
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2119 @example |
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2120 (let ((window-size-fixed nil)) |
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2121 (enlarge-window 10)) |
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2122 @end example |
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2123 |
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2124 Note that changing the frame size will change the size of a |
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2125 fixed-size window, if there is no other alternative. |
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2126 @end defvar |
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2127 |
6564 | 2128 @cindex minimum window size |
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2129 The following two variables constrain the window-structure-changing |
6564 | 2130 functions to a minimum height and width. |
2131 | |
2132 @defopt window-min-height | |
2133 The value of this variable determines how short a window may become | |
2134 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than | |
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2135 @code{window-min-height} automatically deletes it, and no window may |
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2136 be created shorter than this. The default value is 4. |
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2137 |
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2138 The absolute minimum window height is one; actions that change window |
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2139 sizes reset this variable to one if it is less than one. |
6564 | 2140 @end defopt |
2141 | |
2142 @defopt window-min-width | |
2143 The value of this variable determines how narrow a window may become | |
22252
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2144 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than |
6564 | 2145 @code{window-min-width} automatically deletes it, and no window may be |
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2146 created narrower than this. The default value is 10. |
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2147 |
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2148 The absolute minimum window width is two; actions that change window |
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2149 sizes reset this variable to two if it is less than two. |
6564 | 2150 @end defopt |
2151 | |
2152 @node Coordinates and Windows | |
2153 @section Coordinates and Windows | |
2154 | |
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2155 This section describes how to relate screen coordinates to windows. |
6564 | 2156 |
2157 @defun window-at x y &optional frame | |
2158 This function returns the window containing the specified cursor | |
2159 position in the frame @var{frame}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} | |
2160 are measured in characters and count from the top left corner of the | |
2161 frame. If they are out of range, @code{window-at} returns @code{nil}. | |
2162 | |
2163 If you omit @var{frame}, the selected frame is used. | |
2164 @end defun | |
2165 | |
2166 @defun coordinates-in-window-p coordinates window | |
2167 This function checks whether a particular frame position falls within | |
2168 the window @var{window}. | |
2169 | |
21682
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2170 The argument @var{coordinates} is a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{x} |
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2171 . @var{y})}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} are measured in |
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2172 characters, and count from the top left corner of the screen or frame. |
6564 | 2173 |
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2174 The value returned by @code{coordinates-in-window-p} is non-@code{nil} |
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2175 if the coordinates are inside @var{window}. The value also indicates |
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2176 what part of the window the position is in, as follows: |
6564 | 2177 |
2178 @table @code | |
2179 @item (@var{relx} . @var{rely}) | |
2180 The coordinates are inside @var{window}. The numbers @var{relx} and | |
2181 @var{rely} are the equivalent window-relative coordinates for the | |
2182 specified position, counting from 0 at the top left corner of the | |
2183 window. | |
2184 | |
2185 @item mode-line | |
2186 The coordinates are in the mode line of @var{window}. | |
2187 | |
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2188 @item header-line |
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2189 The coordinates are in the header line of @var{window}. |
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2190 |
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2191 @item vertical-line |
6564 | 2192 The coordinates are in the vertical line between @var{window} and its |
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2193 neighbor to the right. This value occurs only if the window doesn't |
6564 | 2194 have a scroll bar; positions in a scroll bar are considered outside the |
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2195 window for these purposes. |
6564 | 2196 |
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2197 @item left-fringe |
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2198 @itemx right-fringe |
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2199 The coordinates are in the left or right fringe of the window. |
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2200 |
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2201 @item left-margin |
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2202 @itemx right-margin |
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2203 The coordinates are in the left or right margin of the window. |
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2204 |
6564 | 2205 @item nil |
2206 The coordinates are not in any part of @var{window}. | |
2207 @end table | |
2208 | |
2209 The function @code{coordinates-in-window-p} does not require a frame as | |
2210 argument because it always uses the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
2211 @end defun | |
2212 | |
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2213 @node Window Tree |
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2214 @section The Window Tree |
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2215 @cindex window tree |
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2216 |
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2217 A @dfn{window tree} specifies the layout, size, and relationship |
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2218 between all windows in one frame. |
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2219 |
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2220 @defun window-tree &optional frame |
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2221 This function returns the window tree for frame @var{frame}. |
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2222 If @var{frame} is omitted, the selected frame is used. |
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2223 |
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2224 The return value is a list of the form @code{(@var{root} @var{mini})}, |
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2225 where @var{root} represents the window tree of the frame's |
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2226 root window, and @var{mini} is the frame's minibuffer window. |
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2227 |
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2228 If the root window is not split, @var{root} is the root window itself. |
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2229 Otherwise, @var{root} is a list @code{(@var{dir} @var{edges} @var{w1} |
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2230 @var{w2} ...)} where @var{dir} is @code{nil} for a horizontal split, |
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2231 and @code{t} for a vertical split, @var{edges} gives the combined size and |
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2232 position of the subwindows in the split, and the rest of the elements |
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2233 are the subwindows in the split. Each of the subwindows may again be |
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2234 a window or a list representing a window split, and so on. The |
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2235 @var{edges} element is a list @code{(@var{left}@var{ top}@var{ right}@var{ bottom})} |
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2236 similar to the value returned by @code{window-edges}. |
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2237 @end defun |
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2238 |
6564 | 2239 @node Window Configurations |
2240 @section Window Configurations | |
2241 @cindex window configurations | |
2242 @cindex saving window information | |
2243 | |
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2244 A @dfn{window configuration} records the entire layout of one |
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2245 frame---all windows, their sizes, which buffers they contain, how |
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2246 those buffers are scrolled, and their values of point and the mark; |
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2247 also their fringes, margins, and scroll bar settings. It also |
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2248 includes the values of @code{window-min-height}, |
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2249 @code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. As a |
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2250 special exception, the window configuration does not record the value |
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2251 of point in the selected window for the current buffer. |
6564 | 2252 |
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2253 You can bring back an entire previous layout by restoring a window |
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2254 configuration previously saved. If you want to record all frames |
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2255 instead of just one, use a frame configuration instead of a window |
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2256 configuration. @xref{Frame Configurations}. |
6564 | 2257 |
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2258 @defun current-window-configuration &optional frame |
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2259 This function returns a new object representing @var{frame}'s current |
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2260 window configuration. If @var{frame} is omitted, the selected frame |
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2261 is used. |
6564 | 2262 @end defun |
2263 | |
2264 @defun set-window-configuration configuration | |
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2265 This function restores the configuration of windows and buffers as |
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2266 specified by @var{configuration}, for the frame that @var{configuration} |
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2267 was created for. |
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2268 |
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2269 The argument @var{configuration} must be a value that was previously |
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2270 returned by @code{current-window-configuration}. This configuration is |
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2271 restored in the frame from which @var{configuration} was made, whether |
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2272 that frame is selected or not. This always counts as a window size |
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2273 change and triggers execution of the @code{window-size-change-functions} |
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2274 (@pxref{Window Hooks}), because @code{set-window-configuration} doesn't |
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2275 know how to tell whether the new configuration actually differs from the |
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2276 old one. |
6564 | 2277 |
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2278 If the frame which @var{configuration} was saved from is dead, all this |
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2279 function does is restore the three variables @code{window-min-height}, |
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2280 @code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. In this |
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2281 case, the function returns @code{nil}. Otherwise, it returns @code{t}. |
12098 | 2282 |
6564 | 2283 Here is a way of using this function to get the same effect |
2284 as @code{save-window-excursion}: | |
2285 | |
2286 @example | |
2287 @group | |
2288 (let ((config (current-window-configuration))) | |
2289 (unwind-protect | |
2290 (progn (split-window-vertically nil) | |
2291 @dots{}) | |
2292 (set-window-configuration config))) | |
2293 @end group | |
2294 @end example | |
2295 @end defun | |
2296 | |
2297 @defspec save-window-excursion forms@dots{} | |
2298 This special form records the window configuration, executes @var{forms} | |
2299 in sequence, then restores the earlier window configuration. The window | |
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2300 configuration includes, for each window, the value of point and the |
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2301 portion of the buffer that is visible. It also includes the choice of |
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2302 selected window. However, it does not include the value of point in |
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2303 the current buffer; use @code{save-excursion} also, if you wish to |
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2304 preserve that. |
6564 | 2305 |
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2306 Don't use this construct when @code{save-selected-window} is sufficient. |
12098 | 2307 |
2308 Exit from @code{save-window-excursion} always triggers execution of the | |
2309 @code{window-size-change-functions}. (It doesn't know how to tell | |
2310 whether the restored configuration actually differs from the one in | |
2311 effect at the end of the @var{forms}.) | |
2312 | |
6564 | 2313 The return value is the value of the final form in @var{forms}. |
2314 For example: | |
2315 | |
2316 @example | |
2317 @group | |
2318 (split-window) | |
2319 @result{} #<window 25 on control.texi> | |
2320 @end group | |
2321 @group | |
2322 (setq w (selected-window)) | |
2323 @result{} #<window 19 on control.texi> | |
2324 @end group | |
2325 @group | |
2326 (save-window-excursion | |
2327 (delete-other-windows w) | |
2328 (switch-to-buffer "foo") | |
2329 'do-something) | |
2330 @result{} do-something | |
2331 ;; @r{The screen is now split again.} | |
2332 @end group | |
2333 @end example | |
2334 @end defspec | |
2335 | |
2336 @defun window-configuration-p object | |
2337 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window configuration. | |
2338 @end defun | |
2339 | |
21682
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2340 @defun compare-window-configurations config1 config2 |
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2341 This function compares two window configurations as regards the |
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2342 structure of windows, but ignores the values of point and mark and the |
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2343 saved scrolling positions---it can return @code{t} even if those |
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2344 aspects differ. |
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2345 |
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2346 The function @code{equal} can also compare two window configurations; it |
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2347 regards configurations as unequal if they differ in any respect, even a |
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2348 saved point or mark. |
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2349 @end defun |
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2350 |
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2351 @defun window-configuration-frame config |
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2352 This function returns the frame for which the window configuration |
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2353 @var{config} was made. |
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2354 @end defun |
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2355 |
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2356 Other primitives to look inside of window configurations would make |
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2357 sense, but are not implemented because we did not need them. See the |
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2358 file @file{winner.el} for some more operations on windows |
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2359 configurations. |
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2360 |
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2361 @node Window Hooks |
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2362 @section Hooks for Window Scrolling and Changes |
76837 | 2363 @cindex hooks for window operations |
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2364 |
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2365 This section describes how a Lisp program can take action whenever a |
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2366 window displays a different part of its buffer or a different buffer. |
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2367 There are three actions that can change this: scrolling the window, |
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2368 switching buffers in the window, and changing the size of the window. |
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2369 The first two actions run @code{window-scroll-functions}; the last runs |
61851
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2370 @code{window-size-change-functions}. |
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2371 |
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2372 @defvar window-scroll-functions |
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2373 This variable holds a list of functions that Emacs should call before |
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2374 redisplaying a window with scrolling. It is not a normal hook, because |
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2375 each function is called with two arguments: the window, and its new |
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2376 display-start position. |
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2377 |
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2378 Displaying a different buffer in the window also runs these functions. |
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2379 |
22252
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2380 These functions must be careful in using @code{window-end} |
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2381 (@pxref{Window Start}); if you need an up-to-date value, you must use |
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2382 the @var{update} argument to ensure you get it. |
72763
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2383 |
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2384 @strong{Warning:} don't use this feature to alter the way the window |
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2385 is scrolled. It's not designed for that, and such use probably won't |
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2386 work. |
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2387 @end defvar |
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2388 |
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2389 @defvar window-size-change-functions |
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2390 This variable holds a list of functions to be called if the size of any |
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2391 window changes for any reason. The functions are called just once per |
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2392 redisplay, and just once for each frame on which size changes have |
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2393 occurred. |
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2394 |
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2395 Each function receives the frame as its sole argument. There is no |
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2396 direct way to find out which windows on that frame have changed size, or |
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2397 precisely how. However, if a size-change function records, at each |
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2398 call, the existing windows and their sizes, it can also compare the |
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2399 present sizes and the previous sizes. |
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2400 |
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2401 Creating or deleting windows counts as a size change, and therefore |
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2402 causes these functions to be called. Changing the frame size also |
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2403 counts, because it changes the sizes of the existing windows. |
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2404 |
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2405 It is not a good idea to use @code{save-window-excursion} (@pxref{Window |
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2406 Configurations}) in these functions, because that always counts as a |
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2407 size change, and it would cause these functions to be called over and |
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2408 over. In most cases, @code{save-selected-window} (@pxref{Selecting |
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2409 Windows}) is what you need here. |
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2410 @end defvar |
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2411 |
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2412 @defvar redisplay-end-trigger-functions |
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2413 This abnormal hook is run whenever redisplay in a window uses text that |
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2414 extends past a specified end trigger position. You set the end trigger |
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2415 position with the function @code{set-window-redisplay-end-trigger}. The |
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2416 functions are called with two arguments: the window, and the end trigger |
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2417 position. Storing @code{nil} for the end trigger position turns off the |
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2418 feature, and the trigger value is automatically reset to @code{nil} just |
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2419 after the hook is run. |
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2420 @end defvar |
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2421 |
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2422 @defun set-window-redisplay-end-trigger window position |
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2423 This function sets @var{window}'s end trigger position at |
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2424 @var{position}. |
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2425 @end defun |
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2426 |
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2427 @defun window-redisplay-end-trigger &optional window |
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2428 This function returns @var{window}'s current end trigger position. |
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2429 If @var{window} is @code{nil} or omitted, it uses the selected window. |
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2430 @end defun |
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2431 |
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2432 @defvar window-configuration-change-hook |
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2433 A normal hook that is run every time you change the window configuration |
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2434 of an existing frame. This includes splitting or deleting windows, |
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2435 changing the sizes of windows, or displaying a different buffer in a |
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2436 window. The frame whose window configuration has changed is the |
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2437 selected frame when this hook runs. |
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2438 @end defvar |
52401 | 2439 |
2440 @ignore | |
2441 arch-tag: 3f6c36e8-df49-4986-b757-417feed88be3 | |
2442 @end ignore |