Mercurial > emacs
annotate doc/misc/gnus-faq.texi @ 98330:71824a19fc92
* progmodes/sh-script.el (sh-mode-map): Don't assume that skeleton is
loaded.
author | Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com> |
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date | Wed, 24 Sep 2008 22:50:56 +0000 |
parents | be43dd7afc91 |
children | cb5d2387102c |
rev | line source |
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84299 | 1 @c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c Uncomment 1st line before texing this file alone. | |
3 @c %**start of header | |
87903 | 4 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, |
5 @c 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
84299 | 6 @c |
7 @c Do not modify this file, it was generated from gnus-faq.xml, available from | |
8 @c <URL:http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/>. | |
9 @c | |
10 @setfilename gnus-faq.info | |
11 @settitle Frequently Asked Questions | |
12 @c %**end of header | |
13 @c | |
14 | |
15 @node Frequently Asked Questions | |
16 @section Frequently Asked Questions | |
17 | |
18 @menu | |
19 * FAQ - Changes:: | |
20 * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ. | |
21 * FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus. | |
22 * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the | |
23 first buffer Gnus shows you. | |
24 * FAQ 3 - Getting Messages:: Making Gnus read your mail | |
25 and news. | |
26 * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read | |
27 messages. | |
28 * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet | |
29 postings. | |
30 * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, | |
31 searching and deleting messages. | |
32 * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while | |
33 offline. | |
34 * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough. | |
35 * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster. | |
36 * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ | |
37 explained. | |
38 @end menu | |
39 | |
40 @subheading Abstract | |
41 | |
42 This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. | |
43 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at | |
44 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, | |
45 the Docbook source is available from | |
46 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/, http://sourceforge.net}. | |
47 | |
48 Please submit features and suggestions to the | |
49 @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org, FAQ discussion list}. | |
50 The list is protected against junk mail with | |
51 @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html, qconfirm}. As | |
52 a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can | |
53 also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to | |
54 @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org, faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org} | |
55 and @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss, browse | |
56 the archive (BROKEN)}. | |
57 | |
58 @node FAQ - Changes | |
59 @subheading Changes | |
60 | |
61 | |
62 | |
63 @itemize @bullet | |
64 | |
65 @item | |
96024 | 66 2008-06-15: Adjust for message-fill-column. Add x-face-file. |
67 Clarify difference between ding and gnu.emacs.gnus. Remove | |
68 reference to discontinued service. | |
69 | |
70 @item | |
71 2006-04-15: Added tip on how to delete sent buffer on exit. | |
84299 | 72 @end itemize |
73 | |
74 @node FAQ - Introduction | |
75 @subheading Introduction | |
76 | |
77 This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. | |
78 | |
79 Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented | |
80 as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade | |
81 now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of | |
82 that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The | |
83 original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA. | |
84 When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and | |
85 decided to rewrite Gnus. | |
86 | |
87 Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely | |
88 customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but | |
89 most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take | |
90 advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail | |
91 (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read | |
92 high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read | |
93 high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you | |
94 want. | |
95 | |
96 This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He | |
97 would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful | |
98 job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks, | |
99 Justin! | |
100 | |
101 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at: | |
102 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}. | |
103 This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext | |
104 versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio | |
105 State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below | |
106 if you want information on obtaining it in another format. | |
107 | |
108 The information contained here was compiled with the assistance | |
109 of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or | |
110 misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry. | |
111 | |
112 @node FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ | |
113 @subsection Installation FAQ | |
114 | |
115 @menu | |
96024 | 116 * FAQ 1-1:: What is the latest version of Gnus? |
117 * FAQ 1-2:: What's new in 5.10? | |
118 * FAQ 1-3:: Where and how to get Gnus? | |
119 * FAQ 1-4:: What to do with the tarball now? | |
120 * FAQ 1-5:: I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, | |
121 what are those? | |
122 * FAQ 1-6:: Which version of Emacs do I need? | |
123 * FAQ 1-7:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? | |
84299 | 124 @end menu |
125 | |
96024 | 126 @node FAQ 1-1 |
84299 | 127 @subsubheading Question 1.1 |
128 | |
129 What is the latest version of Gnus? | |
130 | |
131 @subsubheading Answer | |
132 | |
133 Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's | |
134 hot! As well as the step in version number is rather | |
135 small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you | |
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* gnus.texi, gnus-faq.texi, message.texi: Bump version to Gnus v5.13.
Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
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136 shouldn't miss. The current release (5.13) should be at |
84299 | 137 least as stable as the latest release of the 5.8 series. |
138 | |
96024 | 139 @node FAQ 1-2 |
84299 | 140 @subsubheading Question 1.2 |
141 | |
142 What's new in 5.10? | |
143 | |
144 @subsubheading Answer | |
145 | |
146 First of all, you should have a look into the file | |
147 GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball, | |
148 there the most important changes are listed. Here's a | |
149 short list of the changes I find especially | |
150 important/interesting: | |
151 | |
152 @itemize @bullet | |
153 | |
154 @item | |
155 Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now | |
156 active by default. | |
157 | |
158 @item | |
159 Many new article washing functions for dealing with | |
160 ugly formatted articles. | |
161 | |
162 @item | |
163 Anti Spam features. | |
164 | |
165 @item | |
166 Message-utils now included in Gnus. | |
167 | |
168 @item | |
169 New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for | |
170 a complex trn-style thread tree. | |
171 @end itemize | |
172 | |
96024 | 173 @node FAQ 1-3 |
84299 | 174 @subsubheading Question 1.3 |
175 | |
176 Where and how to get Gnus? | |
177 | |
178 @subsubheading Answer | |
179 | |
180 Gnus is released independent from releases of Emacs and XEmacs. | |
181 Therefore, the version bundled with Emacs or the version in XEmacs' | |
182 package system might not be up to date (e.g. Gnus 5.9 bundled with Emacs | |
96024 | 183 21 is outdated). |
84299 | 184 You can get the latest released version of Gnus from |
96024 | 185 @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz} |
186 or via anonymous FTP from | |
84299 | 187 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}. |
188 | |
96024 | 189 @node FAQ 1-4 |
84299 | 190 @subsubheading Question 1.4 |
191 | |
192 What to do with the tarball now? | |
193 | |
194 @subsubheading Answer | |
195 | |
196 Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common | |
197 @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle. | |
198 (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from | |
199 @uref{http://www.cygwin.com} | |
200 which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the | |
201 tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from | |
202 @uref{http://www.winace.com}) | |
203 and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install | |
204 Gnus.) If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus | |
205 system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the | |
206 following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs: | |
207 | |
208 @example | |
209 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp") | |
210 (if (featurep 'xemacs) | |
211 (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/") | |
212 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")) | |
213 @end example | |
214 @noindent | |
215 | |
216 Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff | |
217 before this line, on MS Windows use something like | |
218 "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/"). | |
219 | |
96024 | 220 @node FAQ 1-5 |
84299 | 221 @subsubheading Question 1.5 |
222 | |
223 I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, | |
224 what are those? | |
225 | |
226 @subsubheading Answer | |
227 | |
228 Oort Gnus was the name of the development version of | |
229 Gnus, which became Gnus 5.10 in autumn 2003. No Gnus is | |
230 the name of the current development version which will | |
231 once become Gnus 5.12 or Gnus 6. (If you're wondering why | |
232 not 5.11, the odd version numbers are normally used for | |
233 the Gnus versions bundled with Emacs) | |
234 | |
96024 | 235 @node FAQ 1-6 |
84299 | 236 @subsubheading Question 1.6 |
237 | |
238 Which version of Emacs do I need? | |
239 | |
240 @subsubheading Answer | |
241 | |
242 Gnus 5.10 requires an Emacs version that is greater than or equal | |
243 to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1. | |
244 The development versions of Gnus (aka No Gnus) requires Emacs 21 | |
245 or XEmacs 21.4. | |
246 | |
96024 | 247 @node FAQ 1-7 |
84299 | 248 @subsubheading Question 1.7 |
249 | |
250 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? | |
251 | |
252 @subsubheading Answer | |
253 | |
254 You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp | |
255 files are byte-compiled to a format which is different | |
256 depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy | |
257 of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs. | |
258 | |
259 @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer | |
260 @subsection Startup / Group buffer | |
261 | |
262 @menu | |
96024 | 263 * FAQ 2-1:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save |
264 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and | |
265 how to prevent it? | |
266 * FAQ 2-2:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, | |
267 what's this? | |
268 * FAQ 2-3:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? | |
269 * FAQ 2-4:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to | |
270 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse through | |
271 them? | |
272 * FAQ 2-5:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to | |
273 sort the groups in a topic? | |
84299 | 274 @end menu |
275 | |
96024 | 276 @node FAQ 2-1 |
84299 | 277 @subsubheading Question 2.1 |
278 | |
279 Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save | |
280 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean | |
281 and how to prevent it? | |
282 | |
283 @subsubheading Answer | |
284 | |
285 This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it | |
286 wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its | |
287 informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you | |
288 are now asked if you want to restore those informations | |
289 from the auto-save file. | |
290 | |
291 To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus | |
292 via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of | |
293 just killing Emacs. | |
294 | |
96024 | 295 @node FAQ 2-2 |
84299 | 296 @subsubheading Question 2.2 |
297 | |
298 Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, | |
299 what's this? | |
300 | |
301 @subsubheading Answer | |
302 | |
303 You get the message described in the q/a pair above while | |
304 starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same | |
305 problem, so read the answer above. | |
306 | |
96024 | 307 @node FAQ 2-3 |
84299 | 308 @subsubheading Question 2.3 |
309 | |
310 How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? | |
311 | |
312 @subsubheading Answer | |
313 | |
314 You've got to tweak the value of the variable | |
315 gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line | |
316 Specification" for information on how to do this. An | |
317 example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)): | |
318 | |
319 @example | |
320 (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n") | |
321 @end example | |
322 @noindent | |
323 | |
96024 | 324 @node FAQ 2-4 |
84299 | 325 @subsubheading Question 2.4 |
326 | |
327 My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to | |
328 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse | |
329 through them? | |
330 | |
331 @subsubheading Answer | |
332 | |
333 Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your | |
334 groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with | |
335 Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under | |
336 the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under | |
337 the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music. | |
338 | |
339 To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now | |
340 you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic | |
341 at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to | |
342 a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the | |
343 menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the | |
344 beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have | |
345 the groups nicely indented. | |
346 | |
96024 | 347 @node FAQ 2-5 |
84299 | 348 @subsubheading Question 2.5 |
349 | |
350 How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to | |
351 sort the groups in a topic? | |
352 | |
353 @subsubheading Answer | |
354 | |
355 Move point over the group you want to move and | |
356 hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the | |
357 place where you want the group to be and | |
358 hit @samp{C-y}. | |
359 | |
360 @node FAQ 3 - Getting Messages | |
361 @subsection Getting Messages | |
362 | |
363 @menu | |
96024 | 364 * FAQ 3-1:: I just installed Gnus, started it via @samp{M-x gnus} |
365 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? | |
366 * FAQ 3-2:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what | |
367 ~/.gnus.el means. | |
368 * FAQ 3-3:: My news server requires authentication, how to store | |
369 user name and password on disk? | |
370 * FAQ 3-4:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to | |
371 subscribe to a group. | |
372 * FAQ 3-5:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed | |
373 to post on this server as well as I am, what's that? | |
374 * FAQ 3-6:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this | |
375 possible? | |
376 * FAQ 3-7:: And how about local spool files? | |
377 * FAQ 3-8:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to | |
378 read my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it? | |
379 * FAQ 3-9:: And what about IMAP? | |
380 * FAQ 3-10:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, | |
381 can I use Gnus to read my mail from it? | |
382 * FAQ 3-11:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it | |
383 retrieves via POP3? | |
84299 | 384 @end menu |
385 | |
96024 | 386 @node FAQ 3-1 |
84299 | 387 @subsubheading Question 3.1 |
388 | |
389 I just installed Gnus, started it via | |
390 @samp{M-x gnus} | |
391 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? | |
392 | |
393 @subsubheading Answer | |
394 | |
395 You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read | |
396 the documentation for information on how to do this. As a | |
397 first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus.el: | |
398 | |
399 @example | |
400 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net")) | |
401 (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net") | |
402 (setq user-full-name "Your Name") | |
403 @end example | |
404 @noindent | |
405 | |
96024 | 406 @node FAQ 3-2 |
84299 | 407 @subsubheading Question 3.2 |
408 | |
409 I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el means. | |
410 | |
411 @subsubheading Answer | |
412 | |
413 The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look | |
414 for the configuration files. However, you don't really | |
415 need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows | |
416 what it means :-) You can type | |
417 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET } | |
418 (yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and | |
419 Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most | |
420 likely be new, and thus empty.) | |
421 However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the | |
422 directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what | |
423 you want, so let's do it the correct way. | |
424 The first thing you've got to do is to | |
425 create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name | |
426 please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment | |
427 variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x | |
428 or Me include the line | |
429 | |
430 @example | |
431 SET HOME=C:\myhome | |
432 @end example | |
433 @noindent | |
434 | |
435 in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, hit | |
96024 | 436 Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it doesn't work, go |
437 to Control Panel -> System -> Advanced). There you'll find the | |
438 possibility to set environment variables. Create a new one with | |
439 name HOME and value C:\myhome. Rebooting is not necessary. | |
84299 | 440 |
441 Now to create ~/.gnus.el, say | |
442 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET C-x C-s}. | |
443 in Emacs. | |
444 | |
96024 | 445 @node FAQ 3-3 |
84299 | 446 @subsubheading Question 3.3 |
447 | |
448 My news server requires authentication, how to store | |
449 user name and password on disk? | |
450 | |
451 @subsubheading Answer | |
452 | |
453 Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this | |
454 | |
455 @example | |
456 machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword | |
457 @end example | |
458 @noindent | |
459 . | |
460 Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you | |
461 work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix | |
462 say | |
463 @example | |
464 chmod 600 ~/.authinfo | |
465 @end example | |
466 @noindent | |
467 | |
468 in a shell.) | |
469 | |
96024 | 470 @node FAQ 3-4 |
84299 | 471 @subsubheading Question 3.4 |
472 | |
473 Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to | |
474 subscribe to a group. | |
475 | |
476 @subsubheading Answer | |
477 | |
478 If you know the name of the group say @samp{U | |
479 name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the | |
480 tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer, | |
481 this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the | |
482 cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, | |
483 hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group | |
484 you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u} | |
485 to subscribe to it. | |
486 | |
96024 | 487 @node FAQ 3-5 |
84299 | 488 @subsubheading Question 3.5 |
489 | |
490 Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to | |
491 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? | |
492 | |
493 @subsubheading Answer | |
494 | |
495 Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full | |
496 access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo | |
497 to those servers append | |
498 | |
499 @example | |
500 force yes | |
501 @end example | |
502 @noindent | |
503 | |
504 to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo. | |
505 | |
96024 | 506 @node FAQ 3-6 |
84299 | 507 @subsubheading Question 3.6 |
508 | |
509 I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? | |
510 | |
511 @subsubheading Answer | |
512 | |
513 Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the | |
514 variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like | |
515 this in ~/.gnus.el: | |
516 | |
517 @example | |
518 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
519 '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net")) | |
520 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
521 '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net")) | |
522 @end example | |
523 @noindent | |
524 | |
96024 | 525 @node FAQ 3-7 |
84299 | 526 @subsubheading Question 3.7 |
527 | |
528 And how about local spool files? | |
529 | |
530 @subsubheading Answer | |
531 | |
532 No problem, this is just one more select method called | |
533 nnspool, so you want this: | |
534 | |
535 @example | |
536 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool "")) | |
537 @end example | |
538 @noindent | |
539 | |
540 Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source: | |
541 | |
542 @example | |
543 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
544 @end example | |
545 @noindent | |
546 | |
547 Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you | |
548 want something different, change the line above to something like this: | |
549 | |
550 @example | |
551 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
552 '(nnspool "" | |
553 (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir"))) | |
554 @end example | |
555 @noindent | |
556 | |
557 This sets the spool directory for this server only. | |
558 You might have to specify more stuff like the program used | |
559 to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this. | |
560 | |
96024 | 561 @node FAQ 3-8 |
84299 | 562 @subsubheading Question 3.8 |
563 | |
564 OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail | |
565 with Gnus, too. How to do it? | |
566 | |
567 @subsubheading Answer | |
568 | |
569 That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources | |
570 for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many | |
571 different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are | |
572 these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and | |
573 send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like | |
574 fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from | |
575 where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by | |
576 Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even | |
577 need a combination of the above cases. | |
578 | |
579 However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way | |
580 it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end | |
581 to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most | |
582 commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file | |
583 and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one | |
584 file per group approach if your file system has problems with | |
585 many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the | |
586 choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus.el: | |
587 | |
588 @example | |
589 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml "")) | |
590 @end example | |
591 @noindent | |
592 | |
593 As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's | |
594 | |
595 @example | |
596 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder "")) | |
597 @end example | |
598 @noindent | |
599 | |
600 Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If | |
601 it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this: | |
602 | |
603 @example | |
604 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
605 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net" | |
606 :user "yourUserName" | |
607 :password "yourPassword"))) | |
608 @end example | |
609 @noindent | |
610 | |
611 Make sure ~/.gnus.el isn't readable to others if you store | |
612 your password there. If you want to read your mail from a | |
613 traditional spool file on your local machine, it's | |
614 | |
615 @example | |
616 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
617 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file")) | |
618 @end example | |
619 @noindent | |
620 | |
621 If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by | |
622 postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's | |
623 | |
624 @example | |
625 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
626 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/" | |
627 :subdirs ("cur" "new"))) | |
628 @end example | |
629 @noindent | |
630 | |
631 And finally if you want to read your mail from several files | |
632 in one directory, for example because procmail already split your | |
633 mail, it's | |
634 | |
635 @example | |
636 (eval-after-load "mail-source" | |
637 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources | |
638 '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/" | |
639 :suffix ".prcml"))) | |
640 @end example | |
641 @noindent | |
642 | |
643 Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the | |
644 suffix .prcml. | |
645 | |
646 OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you | |
647 want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing | |
648 the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do | |
649 anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an | |
650 SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus.el | |
651 | |
652 @example | |
653 (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) | |
654 (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) | |
655 (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net") | |
656 @end example | |
657 @noindent | |
658 | |
96024 | 659 @node FAQ 3-9 |
84299 | 660 @subsubheading Question 3.9 |
661 | |
662 And what about IMAP? | |
663 | |
664 @subsubheading Answer | |
665 | |
666 There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is | |
667 to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from | |
668 the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do | |
669 this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to | |
670 ~/.gnus.el | |
671 | |
672 @example | |
673 (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" | |
674 :user "username" | |
675 :pass "password" | |
676 :stream network | |
677 :authentication login | |
678 :mailbox "INBOX" | |
679 :fetchflag "\\Seen")) | |
680 @end example | |
681 @noindent | |
682 | |
683 You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or | |
684 authentication, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source | |
685 Specifiers" for possible values. | |
686 | |
687 If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to | |
688 follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap | |
689 back end to your select method and give the information | |
690 about the server there. | |
691 | |
692 @example | |
693 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods | |
694 '(nnimap "Give the baby a name" | |
695 (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net") | |
696 (nnimap-port 143) | |
697 (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*"))) | |
698 @end example | |
699 @noindent | |
700 | |
701 Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the | |
702 server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual | |
703 Node "IMAP" for detailed information. | |
704 | |
96024 | 705 @node FAQ 3-10 |
84299 | 706 @subsubheading Question 3.10 |
707 | |
708 At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use | |
709 Gnus to read my mail from it? | |
710 | |
711 @subsubheading Answer | |
712 | |
713 Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for | |
714 activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions | |
715 above. | |
716 | |
96024 | 717 @node FAQ 3-11 |
84299 | 718 @subsubheading Question 3.11 |
719 | |
720 Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it | |
721 retrieves via POP3? | |
722 | |
723 @subsubheading Answer | |
724 | |
725 First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, | |
726 if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP | |
727 Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the | |
728 server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you | |
729 need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined | |
730 functionality to do so. | |
731 | |
732 However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to | |
733 achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external | |
734 program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them | |
735 on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you | |
736 could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use | |
737 Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server. | |
738 | |
739 The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus | |
740 uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable | |
741 of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get | |
742 the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el, | |
743 look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell | |
744 Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For | |
745 GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same | |
746 (If you know the home of this file, please send me an | |
747 e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program | |
748 (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node | |
749 "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do | |
750 it. | |
751 | |
752 @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages | |
753 @subsection Reading messages | |
754 | |
755 @menu | |
96024 | 756 * FAQ 4-1:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to |
757 view them again? | |
758 * FAQ 4-2:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time | |
759 I enter a group, even when it's read? | |
760 * FAQ 4-3:: How to view the headers of a message? | |
761 * FAQ 4-4:: How to view the raw unformatted message? | |
762 * FAQ 4-5:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at | |
763 the top of the article buffer? | |
764 * FAQ 4-6:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the | |
765 text part if it's available. How to do it? | |
766 * FAQ 4-7:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my | |
767 HTML-mails? | |
768 * FAQ 4-8:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted | |
769 mails more readable? | |
770 * FAQ 4-9:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific | |
771 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I | |
772 highlight more interesting ones in some way? | |
773 * FAQ 4-10:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, | |
774 or set other variables specific for some groups? | |
775 * FAQ 4-11:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to | |
776 those? | |
777 * FAQ 4-12:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus | |
778 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail | |
779 groups. Is this a bug? | |
780 * FAQ 4-13:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, | |
781 how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? | |
782 * FAQ 4-14:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to | |
783 tweak it? | |
784 * FAQ 4-15:: How to split incoming mails in several groups? | |
84299 | 785 @end menu |
786 | |
96024 | 787 @node FAQ 4-1 |
84299 | 788 @subsubheading Question 4.1 |
789 | |
790 When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again? | |
791 | |
792 @subsubheading Answer | |
793 | |
794 If you enter the group by saying | |
795 @samp{RET} | |
796 in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say | |
797 @samp{C-u RET} | |
798 instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say | |
799 @samp{C-u 300 RET} | |
800 | |
801 Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say | |
802 | |
803 @example | |
804 (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some) | |
805 @end example | |
806 @noindent | |
807 | |
808 in ~/.gnus.el to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load | |
809 all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is | |
810 fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group). | |
811 | |
812 If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say | |
813 @samp{/o N} | |
814 In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8 | |
815 | |
816 If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading, | |
817 you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread | |
818 the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend. | |
819 | |
96024 | 820 @node FAQ 4-2 |
84299 | 821 @subsubheading Question 4.2 |
822 | |
823 How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I | |
824 enter a group, even when it's read? | |
825 | |
826 @subsubheading Answer | |
827 | |
828 You can tick important messages. To do this hit | |
829 @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer | |
830 over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit | |
831 either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick | |
832 mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c} | |
833 (which deletes all marks for the message). | |
834 | |
96024 | 835 @node FAQ 4-3 |
84299 | 836 @subsubheading Question 4.3 |
837 | |
838 How to view the headers of a message? | |
839 | |
840 @subsubheading Answer | |
841 | |
842 Say @samp{t} | |
843 to show all headers, one more | |
844 @samp{t} | |
845 hides them again. | |
846 | |
96024 | 847 @node FAQ 4-4 |
84299 | 848 @subsubheading Question 4.4 |
849 | |
850 How to view the raw unformatted message? | |
851 | |
852 @subsubheading Answer | |
853 | |
854 Say | |
855 @samp{C-u g} | |
856 to show the raw message | |
857 @samp{g} | |
858 returns to normal view. | |
859 | |
96024 | 860 @node FAQ 4-5 |
84299 | 861 @subsubheading Question 4.5 |
862 | |
863 How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at | |
864 the top of the article buffer? | |
865 | |
866 @subsubheading Answer | |
867 | |
868 The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers | |
869 are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines | |
870 which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject, | |
871 date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA | |
872 say this in ~/.gnus.el: | |
873 | |
874 @example | |
875 (setq gnus-visible-headers | |
876 '("^From" "^Subject" "^Date" "^Newsgroups" "^Followup-To" | |
877 "^User-Agent" "^X-Newsreader" "^X-Mailer")) | |
878 @end example | |
879 @noindent | |
880 | |
96024 | 881 @node FAQ 4-6 |
84299 | 882 @subsubheading Question 4.6 |
883 | |
884 I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the | |
885 text part if it's available. How to do it? | |
886 | |
887 @subsubheading Answer | |
888 | |
889 Say | |
890 | |
891 @example | |
892 (eval-after-load "mm-decode" | |
893 '(progn | |
894 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html") | |
895 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext"))) | |
896 @end example | |
897 @noindent | |
898 | |
899 in ~/.gnus.el. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add | |
900 | |
901 @example | |
902 (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display)) | |
903 @end example | |
904 @noindent | |
905 | |
906 too. | |
907 | |
96024 | 908 @node FAQ 4-7 |
84299 | 909 @subsubheading Question 4.7 |
910 | |
911 Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? | |
912 | |
913 @subsubheading Answer | |
914 | |
915 Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the | |
916 choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which | |
917 one is used can be specified in the variable | |
918 mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your | |
919 mail say | |
920 | |
921 @example | |
922 (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links) | |
923 @end example | |
924 @noindent | |
925 | |
96024 | 926 @node FAQ 4-8 |
84299 | 927 @subsubheading Question 4.8 |
928 | |
929 Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails | |
930 more readable? | |
931 | |
932 @subsubheading Answer | |
933 | |
934 Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can | |
935 find them if you browse through the menu, item | |
936 Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap | |
937 long lines" (@samp{W w}), "Decode ROT13" | |
938 (@samp{W r}) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs | |
939 the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products | |
940 (@samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify. | |
941 See @samp{W Y C-h} or have a look at the menus for | |
942 other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since | |
943 Gnus 5.10. | |
944 | |
96024 | 945 @node FAQ 4-9 |
84299 | 946 @subsubheading Question 4.9 |
947 | |
948 Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific | |
949 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I | |
950 highlight more interesting ones in some way? | |
951 | |
952 @subsubheading Answer | |
953 | |
954 You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules | |
955 which assign each message an integer value. Depending on | |
956 the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if | |
957 it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the | |
958 value is low, say -800) or some other action happens. | |
959 | |
960 There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign | |
961 the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set | |
962 up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're | |
963 reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want | |
964 to ignore his messages in the future. Hit | |
965 @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score. | |
966 Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall | |
967 be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities, | |
968 we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from | |
969 header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want. | |
970 Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or | |
971 @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards | |
972 everything but the name to score down all authors with the given | |
973 name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell | |
974 Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g. | |
975 @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last | |
976 forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say | |
977 @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}. | |
978 | |
979 You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V | |
980 f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name | |
981 of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in | |
982 only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the | |
983 Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list | |
984 whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists | |
985 is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match, | |
986 which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the | |
987 matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the | |
988 following to your all.Score: | |
989 | |
990 @example | |
991 (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s)) | |
992 ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s))) | |
993 @end example | |
994 @noindent | |
995 | |
996 This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me | |
997 and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly | |
998 indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course | |
999 nobody with a sane mind would do this :-) | |
1000 | |
1001 The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus | |
1002 watches you and tries to find out what you find | |
1003 interesting and what annoying and sets up rules | |
1004 which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help | |
1005 when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate | |
1006 adaptive scoring say | |
1007 | |
1008 @example | |
1009 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t) | |
1010 @end example | |
1011 @noindent | |
1012 | |
1013 in ~/.gnus.el. | |
1014 | |
96024 | 1015 @node FAQ 4-10 |
84299 | 1016 @subsubheading Question 4.10 |
1017 | |
1018 How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or | |
1019 set other variables specific for some groups? | |
1020 | |
1021 @subsubheading Answer | |
1022 | |
1023 While in group buffer move point over the group and hit | |
1024 @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you | |
1025 can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer | |
1026 you'll find an item that allows you to set variables | |
1027 locally for the group. To disable threading enter | |
1028 gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as | |
1029 value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when | |
1030 you're ready. | |
1031 | |
96024 | 1032 @node FAQ 4-11 |
84299 | 1033 @subsubheading Question 4.11 |
1034 | |
1035 Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to | |
1036 those? | |
1037 | |
1038 @subsubheading Answer | |
1039 | |
1040 Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes | |
1041 in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we | |
1042 make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look | |
1043 like) for those postings, then we'll give them some | |
1044 special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new | |
1045 faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on | |
1046 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/node/view/224, my.gnus.org} | |
1047 | |
96024 | 1048 @node FAQ 4-12 |
84299 | 1049 @subsubheading Question 4.12 |
1050 | |
1051 The number of total messages in a group which Gnus | |
1052 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in | |
1053 mail groups. Is this a bug? | |
1054 | |
1055 @subsubheading Answer | |
1056 | |
1057 No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would | |
1058 mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' | |
1059 back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number - | |
1060 lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This | |
1061 works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move | |
1062 many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the | |
1063 symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET} | |
1064 (this makes Gnus get all messages), then | |
1065 hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and | |
1066 then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move | |
1067 all messages to the group they have been in before, they | |
1068 get new message numbers in this process and the count is | |
1069 right again (until you delete and move your mail to other | |
1070 groups again). | |
1071 | |
96024 | 1072 @node FAQ 4-13 |
84299 | 1073 @subsubheading Question 4.13 |
1074 | |
1075 I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how | |
1076 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? | |
1077 | |
1078 @subsubheading Answer | |
1079 | |
1080 You can control the windows configuration by calling the | |
1081 function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit | |
1082 complicated but explained very well in the manual node | |
1083 "Window Layout". Some popular examples: | |
1084 | |
1085 Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% | |
1086 article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining | |
1087 space"): | |
1088 | |
1089 @example | |
1090 (gnus-add-configuration | |
1091 '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0)))) | |
1092 @end example | |
1093 @noindent | |
1094 | |
1095 A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary | |
1096 buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right: | |
1097 | |
1098 @example | |
1099 (gnus-add-configuration | |
1100 '(article | |
1101 (horizontal 1.0 | |
1102 (vertical 25 | |
1103 (group 1.0)) | |
1104 (vertical 1.0 | |
1105 (summary 0.25 point) | |
1106 (article 1.0))))) | |
1107 (gnus-add-configuration | |
1108 '(summary | |
1109 (horizontal 1.0 | |
1110 (vertical 25 | |
1111 (group 1.0)) | |
1112 (vertical 1.0 | |
1113 (summary 1.0 point))))) | |
1114 @end example | |
1115 @noindent | |
1116 | |
96024 | 1117 @node FAQ 4-14 |
84299 | 1118 @subsubheading Question 4.14 |
1119 | |
1120 I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? | |
1121 | |
1122 @subsubheading Answer | |
1123 | |
1124 You've got to play around with the variable | |
1125 gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of | |
1126 symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject | |
1127 etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the | |
1128 manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten | |
1129 node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There | |
1130 you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and | |
1131 tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but | |
1132 sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8. | |
1133 | |
1134 Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, | |
1135 e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which | |
1136 gives you a date where the details are dependent of the | |
1137 articles age. Here's an example which uses both: | |
1138 | |
1139 @example | |
1140 (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n") | |
1141 @end example | |
1142 @noindent | |
1143 | |
1144 resulting in: | |
1145 | |
1146 @example | |
1147 :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06 | |
1148 :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12 | |
1149 :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16 | |
1150 :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01 | |
1151 :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34 | |
1152 :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24 | |
1153 :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33 | |
1154 :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49 | |
1155 :O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50 | |
1156 :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57 | |
1157 :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35 | |
1158 :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56 | |
1159 @end example | |
1160 @noindent | |
1161 | |
96024 | 1162 @node FAQ 4-15 |
84299 | 1163 @subsubheading Question 4.15 |
1164 | |
1165 How to split incoming mails in several groups? | |
1166 | |
1167 @subsubheading Answer | |
1168 | |
1169 Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy | |
1170 nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail | |
1171 Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to | |
1172 the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter. | |
1173 | |
1174 The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element | |
1175 is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has | |
1176 the form "group where matching articles should go to", | |
1177 "regular expression which has to be matched", the first | |
1178 rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a | |
1179 general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where | |
1180 articles should go which don't match any other rule. If | |
1181 the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon | |
1182 as an article lands there. By default the mail will be | |
1183 send to all groups whose rules match. If you | |
1184 don't want that (you probably don't want), say | |
1185 | |
1186 @example | |
1187 (setq nnmail-crosspost nil) | |
1188 @end example | |
1189 @noindent | |
1190 | |
1191 in ~/.gnus.el. | |
1192 | |
1193 An example might be better than thousand words, so here's | |
1194 my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a | |
1195 special group and that the default group is spam, since I | |
1196 filter all mails out which are from some list I'm | |
1197 subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me | |
1198 before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which | |
1199 reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers | |
1200 from using them): | |
1201 | |
1202 @example | |
1203 (setq nnmail-split-methods | |
1204 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") | |
1205 ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.invalid.*") | |
1206 ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.invalid.*") | |
1207 ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.invalid.*") | |
1208 ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.invalid.*") | |
1209 ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*") | |
1210 ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.invalid>$") | |
1211 ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid.*") | |
1212 ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.invalid\\|localpart@@workplace.invalid\\).*") | |
1213 ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*") | |
1214 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*") | |
1215 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*") | |
1216 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)") | |
1217 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)") | |
1218 ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*") | |
1219 ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.invalid$") | |
1220 ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com") | |
1221 ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.invalid") | |
1222 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA") | |
1223 ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.invalid.*") | |
1224 ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.invalid\\|adress@@two.invalid\\)") | |
1225 ("Spam" ""))) | |
1226 @end example | |
1227 @noindent | |
1228 | |
1229 @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages | |
1230 @subsection Composing messages | |
1231 | |
1232 @menu | |
96024 | 1233 * FAQ 5-1:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending |
1234 mail and postings? | |
1235 * FAQ 5-2:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing | |
1236 messages? | |
1237 * FAQ 5-3:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, | |
1238 signature...? | |
1239 * FAQ 5-4:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on | |
1240 the group I post too? | |
1241 * FAQ 5-5:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly | |
1242 spell-checking? | |
1243 * FAQ 5-6:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting | |
1244 to? | |
1245 * FAQ 5-7:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't | |
1246 remember all those email addresses? | |
1247 * FAQ 5-8:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article | |
1248 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings, | |
1249 too? | |
1250 * FAQ 5-9:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in | |
1251 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in | |
1252 newsgroups? | |
1253 * FAQ 5-10:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? | |
1254 * FAQ 5-11:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and | |
1255 news, how to do it? | |
1256 * FAQ 5-12:: I want Gnus to kill the buffer after successful sending | |
1257 instead of keeping it alive as "Sent mail to...", how to do it? | |
1258 * FAQ 5-13:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why | |
1259 aren't they and how to fix it? | |
84299 | 1260 @end menu |
1261 | |
96024 | 1262 @node FAQ 5-1 |
84299 | 1263 @subsubheading Question 5.1 |
1264 | |
1265 What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings? | |
1266 | |
1267 @subsubheading Answer | |
1268 | |
1269 To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m} | |
1270 either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's | |
1271 either @samp{a} in Group buffer and | |
1272 filling the Newsgroups header manually | |
1273 or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the | |
1274 group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail | |
1275 is | |
1276 @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the | |
1277 author, or import the cited text manually and | |
1278 @samp{R} to cite the text of the original | |
1279 message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's | |
1280 @samp{f} and @samp{F} | |
1281 (analogously to @samp{r} and | |
1282 @samp{R}). | |
1283 | |
1284 Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows | |
1285 this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready | |
1286 hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message, | |
1287 if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c | |
1288 C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you | |
1289 can start editing it again by saying @samp{D | |
1290 e}. | |
1291 | |
96024 | 1292 @node FAQ 5-2 |
84299 | 1293 @subsubheading Question 5.2 |
1294 | |
1295 How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? | |
1296 | |
1297 @subsubheading Answer | |
1298 | |
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1299 Starting from No Gnus, automatic word-wrap is already enabled by |
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1300 default, see the variable message-fill-column. |
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1301 |
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1302 For other versions of Gnus, say |
84299 | 1303 |
1304 @example | |
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1305 (unless (boundp 'message-fill-column) |
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1306 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook |
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1307 (lambda () |
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1308 (setq fill-column 72) |
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1309 (turn-on-auto-fill)))) |
84299 | 1310 @end example |
1311 @noindent | |
1312 | |
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1313 in ~/.gnus.el. |
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1314 |
96024 | 1315 You can reformat a paragraph by hitting @samp{M-q} |
1316 (as usual). | |
1317 | |
1318 @node FAQ 5-3 | |
84299 | 1319 @subsubheading Question 5.3 |
1320 | |
1321 How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? | |
1322 | |
1323 @subsubheading Answer | |
1324 | |
1325 There are other ways, but you should use posting styles | |
1326 for this. (See below why). | |
1327 This example should make the syntax clear: | |
1328 | |
1329 @example | |
1330 (setq gnus-posting-styles | |
1331 '((".*" | |
1332 (name "Frank Schmitt") | |
1333 (address "me@@there.invalid") | |
1334 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") | |
1335 (signature-file "~/.signature") | |
1336 ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar") | |
1337 (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar"))))) | |
1338 @end example | |
1339 @noindent | |
1340 | |
1341 The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones | |
1342 (see below), valid values for the first element of the | |
1343 following lists are signature, signature-file, | |
1344 organization, address, name or body. The attribute name | |
1345 can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as | |
1346 a header name, and the value will be inserted in the | |
1347 headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header | |
1348 name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), | |
1349 then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar | |
1350 and the result will be thrown away. | |
1351 | |
96024 | 1352 @node FAQ 5-4 |
84299 | 1353 @subsubheading Question 5.4 |
1354 | |
1355 Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too? | |
1356 | |
1357 @subsubheading Answer | |
1358 | |
1359 That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" | |
1360 to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp | |
1361 like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied | |
1362 to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use | |
1363 ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings | |
1364 send to groups containing the string binaries in their | |
1365 name etc. | |
1366 | |
1367 You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function | |
1368 which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the | |
1369 corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting | |
1370 candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if | |
1371 the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding | |
1372 message-mail-p. | |
1373 | |
1374 Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in | |
1375 the example below, when I post to | |
1376 gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under | |
1377 ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and | |
1378 those under "^gmane" and those under | |
1379 "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because | |
1380 of this put general settings at the top and specific ones | |
1381 at the bottom. | |
1382 | |
1383 @example | |
1384 (setq gnus-posting-styles | |
1385 '((".*" ;;default | |
1386 (name "Frank Schmitt") | |
1387 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") | |
1388 (signature-file "~/.signature")) | |
1389 ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news? | |
1390 (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid") | |
1391 (reply-to "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")) | |
1392 ((message-mail-p) ;;mail? | |
1393 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")) | |
1394 ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact | |
1395 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid") | |
1396 (reply-to nil)) | |
1397 ("^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$" | |
1398 (eval (set (make-local-variable 'message-sendmail-envelope-from) | |
1399 "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))))) | |
1400 @end example | |
1401 @noindent | |
1402 | |
96024 | 1403 @node FAQ 5-5 |
84299 | 1404 @subsubheading Question 5.5 |
1405 | |
1406 Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? | |
1407 | |
1408 @subsubheading Answer | |
1409 | |
1410 You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the | |
1411 first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either | |
1412 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html, ispell} | |
1413 or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/, aspell} | |
1414 installed and in your Path. Then you need | |
1415 @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html, ispell.el} | |
1416 and for on-the-fly spell-checking | |
1417 @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html, flyspell.el}. | |
1418 Ispell.el is shipped with Emacs and available through the XEmacs package system, | |
1419 flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is | |
1420 available through the package system, so there should be no need to install them | |
1421 manually. | |
1422 | |
1423 Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say | |
1424 | |
1425 @example | |
1426 (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") | |
1427 @end example | |
1428 @noindent | |
1429 | |
1430 in your Emacs configuration file. | |
1431 | |
1432 If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say | |
1433 | |
1434 @example | |
1435 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) | |
1436 @end example | |
1437 @noindent | |
1438 | |
1439 In your ~/.gnus.el, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say | |
1440 | |
1441 @example | |
1442 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1))) | |
1443 @end example | |
1444 @noindent | |
1445 | |
96024 | 1446 @node FAQ 5-6 |
84299 | 1447 @subsubheading Question 5.6 |
1448 | |
1449 Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? | |
1450 | |
1451 @subsubheading Answer | |
1452 | |
1453 Yes, say something like | |
1454 | |
1455 @example | |
1456 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook | |
1457 (lambda () | |
1458 (cond | |
1459 ((string-match | |
1460 "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) | |
1461 (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8")) | |
1462 (t | |
1463 (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) | |
1464 @end example | |
1465 @noindent | |
1466 | |
1467 in ~/.gnus.el. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something | |
1468 that suits your needs. | |
1469 | |
96024 | 1470 @node FAQ 5-7 |
84299 | 1471 @subsubheading Question 5.7 |
1472 | |
1473 Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember | |
1474 all those email addresses? | |
1475 | |
1476 @subsubheading Answer | |
1477 | |
1478 There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. | |
1479 You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple | |
1480 alias syntax: | |
1481 | |
1482 @example | |
1483 alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.invalid>" | |
1484 @end example | |
1485 @noindent | |
1486 | |
1487 Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation | |
1488 character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will | |
1489 cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the | |
1490 node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for | |
1491 details. | |
1492 | |
1493 However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother | |
1494 Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from | |
1495 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's homepage}. | |
1496 Now place the following in ~/.gnus.el, to activate bbdb for Gnus: | |
1497 | |
1498 @example | |
1499 (require 'bbdb) | |
1500 (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message) | |
1501 @end example | |
1502 @noindent | |
1503 | |
1504 Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, | |
1505 place them in ~/.emacs: | |
1506 | |
1507 @example | |
1508 (require 'bbdb) | |
1509 ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the | |
1510 ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying | |
1511 (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil) | |
1512 ;;Tell bbdb about your email address: | |
1513 (setq bbdb-user-mail-names | |
1514 (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.invalid" | |
1515 "Your.other@@mail.there.invalid"))) | |
1516 ;;cycling while completing email addresses | |
1517 (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t) | |
1518 ;;No popup-buffers | |
1519 (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil) | |
1520 @end example | |
1521 @noindent | |
1522 | |
1523 Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET | |
1524 RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all | |
1525 entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new | |
1526 entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and | |
1527 @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an | |
1528 entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can | |
1529 also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and | |
1530 you are done. When you now compose a new mail, | |
1531 hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know | |
1532 recipients. | |
1533 | |
96024 | 1534 @node FAQ 5-8 |
84299 | 1535 @subsubheading Question 5.8 |
1536 | |
1537 Sometimes I see little images at the top of article | |
1538 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my | |
1539 postings, too? | |
1540 | |
1541 @subsubheading Answer | |
1542 | |
1543 Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w | |
1544 pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include | |
1545 one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a | |
1546 X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say | |
1547 Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the | |
1548 relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to | |
1549 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface | |
1550 package from | |
1551 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/, this site}. | |
1552 and create the actual X-face by saying | |
1553 | |
1554 @example | |
1555 cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | compface > file.face | |
1556 cat file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\"/\\\"/g;' > file.face.quoted | |
1557 @end example | |
1558 @noindent | |
1559 | |
1560 If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at | |
1561 @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}. | |
1562 If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from | |
1563 @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}. | |
1564 Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by saying | |
1565 | |
1566 @example | |
1567 (setq message-default-headers | |
1568 (with-temp-buffer | |
1569 (insert "X-Face: ") | |
1570 (insert-file-contents "~/.xface") | |
1571 (buffer-string))) | |
1572 @end example | |
1573 @noindent | |
1574 | |
1575 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.10, you can simply add an entry | |
1576 | |
1577 @example | |
1578 (x-face-file "~/.xface") | |
1579 @end example | |
1580 @noindent | |
1581 | |
1582 to gnus-posting-styles. | |
1583 | |
96024 | 1584 @node FAQ 5-9 |
84299 | 1585 @subsubheading Question 5.9 |
1586 | |
1587 Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in | |
1588 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in | |
1589 newsgroups? | |
1590 | |
1591 @subsubheading Answer | |
1592 | |
1593 Put this in ~/.gnus.el: | |
1594 | |
1595 @example | |
1596 (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t) | |
1597 @end example | |
1598 @noindent | |
1599 | |
1600 if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or | |
1601 5.9 try this instead: | |
1602 | |
1603 @example | |
1604 (eval-after-load "gnus-msg" | |
1605 '(unless (boundp 'gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news) | |
1606 (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate) | |
1607 "Request confirmation when replying to news." | |
1608 (interactive) | |
1609 (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name)) | |
1610 (y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? ")) | |
1611 ad-do-it)))) | |
1612 @end example | |
1613 @noindent | |
1614 | |
96024 | 1615 @node FAQ 5-10 |
84299 | 1616 @subsubheading Question 5.10 |
1617 | |
1618 How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? | |
1619 | |
1620 @subsubheading Answer | |
1621 | |
1622 Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by | |
1623 default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus.el: | |
1624 | |
1625 @example | |
1626 (eval-after-load "message" | |
1627 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) | |
1628 @end example | |
1629 @noindent | |
1630 | |
96024 | 1631 @node FAQ 5-11 |
84299 | 1632 @subsubheading Question 5.11 |
1633 | |
1634 I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and | |
1635 news, how to do it? | |
1636 | |
1637 @subsubheading Answer | |
1638 | |
1639 You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do | |
1640 this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the | |
1641 group where the copies shall go or like in the example | |
1642 below use a function which is evaluated and which returns | |
1643 the group to use. | |
1644 | |
1645 @example | |
1646 (setq gnus-message-archive-group | |
1647 '((if (message-news-p) | |
1648 "nnml:Send-News" | |
1649 "nnml:Send-Mail"))) | |
1650 @end example | |
1651 @noindent | |
1652 | |
96024 | 1653 @node FAQ 5-12 |
84299 | 1654 @subsubheading Question 5.12 |
1655 | |
96024 | 1656 I want Gnus to kill the buffer after successful sending instead of keeping |
1657 it alive as "Sent mail to...", how to do it? | |
1658 | |
1659 @subsubheading Answer | |
1660 | |
1661 Add this to your ~/.gnus: | |
1662 | |
1663 @example | |
1664 (setq message-kill-buffer-on-exit t) | |
1665 @end example | |
1666 @noindent | |
1667 | |
1668 @node FAQ 5-13 | |
1669 @subsubheading Question 5.13 | |
1670 | |
84299 | 1671 People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why |
1672 aren't they and how to fix it? | |
1673 | |
1674 @subsubheading Answer | |
1675 | |
1676 The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you | |
1677 send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine | |
1678 name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine | |
1679 where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't | |
1680 at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use | |
1681 by saying: | |
1682 | |
1683 @example | |
1684 (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld") | |
1685 @end example | |
1686 @noindent | |
1687 | |
1688 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.9 or earlier, you can use this | |
96024 | 1689 instead (works for newer versions as well): |
84299 | 1690 |
1691 @example | |
1692 (eval-after-load "message" | |
1693 '(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this! | |
1694 (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn) | |
1695 (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn) | |
1696 (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.") | |
1697 (defun message-make-fqdn () | |
1698 "Return user's fully qualified domain name." | |
1699 fqdn)))) | |
1700 @end example | |
1701 @noindent | |
1702 | |
1703 If you have no idea what to insert for | |
1704 "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several | |
1705 choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows | |
1706 you to use something like | |
1707 yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use | |
1708 somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain | |
1709 yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which | |
85712
a3c27999decb
Update Gnus to No Gnus 0.7 from the Gnus CVS trunk
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
84299
diff
changeset
|
1710 gives private users a FQDN for free. |
84299 | 1711 |
1712 Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID | |
1713 for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying | |
1714 | |
1715 @example | |
1716 (setq message-required-news-headers | |
1717 (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers)) | |
1718 @end example | |
1719 @noindent | |
1720 | |
1721 you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying | |
1722 | |
1723 @example | |
1724 (setq message-required-mail-headers | |
1725 (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers)) | |
1726 @end example | |
1727 @noindent | |
1728 | |
1729 , however some mail servers don't generate proper | |
1730 Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves | |
1731 correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID. | |
1732 | |
1733 @node FAQ 6 - Old messages | |
1734 @subsection Old messages | |
1735 | |
1736 @menu | |
96024 | 1737 * FAQ 6-1:: How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
1738 * FAQ 6-2:: How to archive interesting messages? | |
1739 * FAQ 6-3:: How to search for a specific message? | |
1740 * FAQ 6-4:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail? | |
1741 * FAQ 6-5:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in | |
1742 some groups). How to do it? | |
1743 * FAQ 6-6:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move | |
1744 them to another group. | |
84299 | 1745 @end menu |
1746 | |
96024 | 1747 @node FAQ 6-1 |
84299 | 1748 @subsubheading Question 6.1 |
1749 | |
1750 How to import my old mail into Gnus? | |
1751 | |
1752 @subsubheading Answer | |
1753 | |
1754 The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to | |
1755 export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers | |
1756 are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows | |
1757 world, you may find tools at | |
1758 @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}. | |
1759 | |
1760 Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do | |
1761 this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by | |
1762 saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in | |
1763 Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your | |
1764 mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal | |
1765 Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've | |
1766 just created by saying @samp{C-u RET} | |
1767 (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all | |
1768 messages by saying @samp{M P b} and | |
1769 either copy them to the desired group by saying | |
1770 @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them | |
1771 through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying | |
1772 @samp{B r}. | |
1773 | |
96024 | 1774 @node FAQ 6-2 |
84299 | 1775 @subsubheading Question 6.2 |
1776 | |
1777 How to archive interesting messages? | |
1778 | |
1779 @subsubheading Answer | |
1780 | |
1781 If you stumble across an interesting message, say in | |
1782 gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several | |
1783 solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file | |
1784 by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't | |
1785 it be much more convenient to have more direct access to | |
1786 the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this | |
1787 snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in | |
1788 ~/.gnus.el: | |
1789 | |
1790 @example | |
1791 (defun my-archive-article (&optional n) | |
1792 "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g. | |
1793 `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes | |
1794 to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'. | |
1795 | |
1796 Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive | |
1797 more then one article." | |
1798 (interactive "P") | |
1799 (let ((archive-name | |
1800 (format | |
1801 "nnml:1.%s" | |
1802 (if (featurep 'xemacs) | |
1803 (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "") | |
1804 (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name))))) | |
1805 (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name))) | |
1806 @end example | |
1807 @noindent | |
1808 | |
1809 You can now say @samp{M-x | |
1810 my-archive-article} in summary buffer to | |
1811 archive the article under the cursor in a nnml | |
1812 group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end) | |
1813 | |
1814 Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying | |
1815 | |
1816 @example | |
1817 (setq gnus-use-cache t) | |
1818 @end example | |
1819 @noindent | |
1820 | |
1821 then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant | |
1822 mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read | |
1823 mark will remove them from cache. | |
1824 | |
96024 | 1825 @node FAQ 6-3 |
84299 | 1826 @subsubheading Question 6.3 |
1827 | |
1828 How to search for a specific message? | |
1829 | |
1830 @subsubheading Answer | |
1831 | |
1832 There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from | |
1833 a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask | |
1834 @uref{http://groups.google.com, groups.google.com}, | |
1835 if you found the posting there, tell Google to display | |
1836 the raw message, look for the message-id, and say | |
1837 @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a | |
1838 summary buffer. | |
1839 Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for | |
1840 groups.google.com which you can call with | |
1841 @samp{G W}) in group buffer. | |
1842 | |
1843 Another idea which works for both mail and news groups | |
1844 is to enter the group where the message you are | |
1845 searching is and use the standard Emacs search | |
1846 @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at | |
1847 articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to | |
1848 search bodies, too try @samp{M-s} | |
1849 instead. Further on there are the | |
1850 gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you, | |
1851 too. | |
1852 | |
1853 Of course you can also use grep to search through your | |
1854 local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and | |
1855 inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail | |
1856 in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end | |
1857 to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and | |
1858 others. You index your mail with one of those search | |
1859 engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough | |
1860 the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all | |
1861 messages which met your search criteria. If this sound | |
1862 cool to you get nnir.el from | |
1863 @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/} | |
1864 or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}. | |
1865 Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file. | |
1866 | |
96024 | 1867 @node FAQ 6-4 |
84299 | 1868 @subsubheading Question 6.4 |
1869 | |
1870 How to get rid of old unwanted mail? | |
1871 | |
1872 @subsubheading Answer | |
1873 | |
1874 You can of course just mark the mail you don't need | |
1875 anymore by saying @samp{#} with point | |
1876 over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL} | |
1877 to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of | |
1878 actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by | |
1879 saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which | |
1880 you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended | |
1881 way in Gnus. | |
1882 | |
1883 In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news | |
1884 server. That means you tell Gnus the message is | |
1885 expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail | |
1886 anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point | |
1887 over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the | |
1888 group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as | |
1889 expirable before and if they are old enough (default is | |
1890 older than a week) they are deleted. | |
1891 | |
96024 | 1892 @node FAQ 6-5 |
84299 | 1893 @subsubheading Question 6.5 |
1894 | |
1895 I want that all read messages are expired (at least in | |
1896 some groups). How to do it? | |
1897 | |
1898 @subsubheading Answer | |
1899 | |
1900 If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in | |
1901 mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've | |
1902 got two choices: auto-expire and | |
1903 total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article | |
1904 which has no marks set and is selected for reading is | |
1905 marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E} | |
1906 for you every time you read a message. Total-expire | |
1907 follows a slightly different approach, here all article | |
1908 where the read mark is set are expirable. | |
1909 | |
1910 To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the | |
1911 Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G | |
1912 c} in summary buffer with point over the | |
1913 group to change group parameters). For total-expire add | |
1914 total-expire to the group-parameters. | |
1915 | |
1916 Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: | |
1917 Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with | |
1918 Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature, | |
1919 you should use total-expire. | |
1920 | |
1921 If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in | |
1922 a group where total or auto expire is active, set either | |
1923 tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit | |
1924 @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you | |
1925 can also set the read mark (hit | |
1926 @samp{d}). | |
1927 | |
96024 | 1928 @node FAQ 6-6 |
84299 | 1929 @subsubheading Question 6.6 |
1930 | |
1931 I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them | |
1932 to another group. | |
1933 | |
1934 @subsubheading Answer | |
1935 | |
1936 Say something like this in ~/.gnus.el: | |
1937 | |
1938 @example | |
1939 (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") | |
1940 @end example | |
1941 @noindent | |
1942 | |
1943 (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target | |
1944 on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable | |
1945 threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other | |
1946 variables specific for some groups?") | |
1947 | |
1948 @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment | |
1949 @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment | |
1950 | |
1951 @menu | |
96024 | 1952 * FAQ 7-1:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I |
1953 minimize the time I've got to be connected? | |
1954 * FAQ 7-2:: So what was this thing about the Agent? | |
1955 * FAQ 7-3:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do | |
1956 it? | |
1957 * FAQ 7-4:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings | |
1958 while I'm offline? | |
84299 | 1959 @end menu |
1960 | |
96024 | 1961 @node FAQ 7-1 |
84299 | 1962 @subsubheading Question 7.1 |
1963 | |
1964 I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can | |
1965 I minimize the time I've got to be connected? | |
1966 | |
1967 @subsubheading Answer | |
1968 | |
1969 You've got basically two options: Either you use the | |
1970 Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install | |
1971 programs which fetch your news and mail to your local | |
1972 disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local | |
1973 machine. | |
1974 | |
1975 If you want to follow the second approach, you need a | |
1976 program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a | |
1977 program which does the same for mail and a program which | |
1978 receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them | |
1979 when you're online. | |
1980 | |
1981 Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, | |
1982 the easiest solution is a small nntp server like | |
1983 @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/, Leafnode} or | |
1984 @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/, sn}, | |
1985 of course you can also install a full featured news | |
1986 server like | |
1987 @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/, inn}. | |
1988 Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices | |
1989 are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/, fetchmail} | |
1990 and @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/, getmail}. | |
1991 You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and | |
1992 Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail | |
1993 sending part: This can be done with every MTA like | |
1994 @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/, sendmail}, | |
1995 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, postfix}, | |
1996 @uref{http://www.exim.org/, exim} or | |
1997 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, qmail}. | |
1998 | |
1999 On windows boxes I'd vote for | |
2000 @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/, Hamster}, | |
2001 it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches | |
2002 your mail and news from remote servers and offers them | |
2003 to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp | |
2004 respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp | |
2005 server for receiving mails from Gnus. | |
2006 | |
96024 | 2007 @node FAQ 7-2 |
84299 | 2008 @subsubheading Question 7.2 |
2009 | |
2010 So what was this thing about the Agent? | |
2011 | |
2012 @subsubheading Answer | |
2013 | |
2014 The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch | |
2015 mail and news and store them on disk for reading them | |
2016 later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline | |
2017 newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use | |
2018 the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus.el if you are | |
2019 still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10): | |
2020 | |
2021 @example | |
2022 (setq gnus-agent t) | |
2023 @end example | |
2024 @noindent | |
2025 | |
2026 Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be | |
2027 stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer | |
2028 (that is press @samp{^} while in the | |
2029 group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to | |
2030 the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the | |
2031 server by typing @samp{J a}. If you | |
2032 make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this | |
2033 action by typing @samp{J r}. When | |
2034 you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer. | |
2035 Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized | |
2036 server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from | |
2037 there the next time you enter the group. | |
2038 | |
96024 | 2039 @node FAQ 7-3 |
84299 | 2040 @subsubheading Question 7.3 |
2041 | |
2042 I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? | |
2043 | |
2044 @subsubheading Answer | |
2045 | |
2046 You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies | |
2047 of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is | |
2048 done in a special buffer which can be reached by | |
2049 saying @samp{J c} in group | |
2050 buffer. Please refer to the documentation for | |
2051 information which predicates are possible and how | |
2052 exactly to do it. | |
2053 | |
2054 Further on you can tell the agent manually which | |
2055 articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do | |
2056 this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a | |
2057 set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by | |
2058 saying @samp{#} with point over the | |
2059 article and then type @samp{J s}. The | |
2060 other possibility is to set, again in the summary | |
2061 buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you | |
2062 want by typing @samp{@@} with point over | |
2063 the article and then typing @samp{J u}. | |
2064 What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as | |
2065 soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable | |
2066 marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable | |
2067 marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in | |
2068 the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The | |
2069 only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of | |
2070 the headers for every selected group on an agentized | |
2071 server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial | |
2072 fetch session could take hours. | |
2073 | |
96024 | 2074 @node FAQ 7-4 |
84299 | 2075 @subsubheading Question 7.4 |
2076 | |
2077 How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings | |
2078 while I'm offline? | |
2079 | |
2080 @subsubheading Answer | |
2081 | |
2082 All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online | |
2083 (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest | |
2084 works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged | |
2085 state by saying @samp{J j} in group | |
2086 buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x | |
2087 gnus-unplugged} instead of | |
2088 @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to | |
2089 work, the agent must be active. | |
2090 | |
2091 @node FAQ 8 - Getting help | |
2092 @subsection Getting help | |
2093 | |
2094 @menu | |
96024 | 2095 * FAQ 8-1:: How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
2096 * FAQ 8-2:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g. | |
2097 attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? | |
2098 * FAQ 8-3:: Which websites should I know? | |
2099 * FAQ 8-4:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? | |
2100 * FAQ 8-5:: Where to report bugs? | |
2101 * FAQ 8-6:: I need real-time help, where to find it? | |
84299 | 2102 @end menu |
2103 | |
96024 | 2104 @node FAQ 8-1 |
84299 | 2105 @subsubheading Question 8.1 |
2106 | |
2107 How to find information and help inside Emacs? | |
2108 | |
2109 @subsubheading Answer | |
2110 | |
2111 The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say | |
2112 @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the | |
2113 Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a | |
2114 full-text search with @samp{s}). Then | |
2115 there are the general Emacs help commands starting with | |
2116 C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list | |
2117 of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally | |
2118 @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you | |
2119 search through all available functions and @samp{M-x | |
2120 apropos} searches the bound variables. | |
2121 | |
96024 | 2122 @node FAQ 8-2 |
84299 | 2123 @subsubheading Question 8.2 |
2124 | |
2125 I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X | |
2126 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? | |
2127 | |
2128 @subsubheading Answer | |
2129 | |
2130 There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals | |
2131 for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages | |
2132 are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't | |
2133 really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in | |
2134 different info files, you should have a look in those | |
2135 manuals, too. | |
2136 | |
96024 | 2137 @node FAQ 8-3 |
84299 | 2138 @subsubheading Question 8.3 |
2139 | |
2140 Which websites should I know? | |
2141 | |
2142 @subsubheading Answer | |
2143 | |
2144 The two most important ones are the | |
2145 @uref{http://www.gnus.org, official Gnus website}. | |
2146 and it's sister site | |
2147 @uref{http://my.gnus.org, my.gnus.org (MGO)}, | |
2148 hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not | |
2149 really finished) tutorial and this FAQ. | |
2150 | |
2151 Tell me about other sites which are interesting. | |
2152 | |
96024 | 2153 @node FAQ 8-4 |
84299 | 2154 @subsubheading Question 8.4 |
2155 | |
2156 Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? | |
2157 | |
2158 @subsubheading Answer | |
2159 | |
93386 | 2160 There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (also available as |
96024 | 2161 @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.user, |
2162 gmane.emacs.gnus.user}) which deals with general Gnus | |
2163 questions. If you have questions about development versions of | |
2164 Gnus, you should better ask on the ding mailing list, see below. | |
93386 | 2165 |
2166 If you want to stay in the big8, | |
2167 news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus | |
2168 users (but chances for qualified help are much better in | |
96024 | 2169 the above groups). If you speak German, there's |
93386 | 2170 de.comm.software.gnus. |
2171 | |
84299 | 2172 The ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) deals with development of |
2173 Gnus. You can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name | |
2174 @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.general, | |
2175 gmane.emacs.gnus.general} from news.gmane.org. | |
2176 | |
96024 | 2177 @node FAQ 8-5 |
84299 | 2178 @subsubheading Question 8.5 |
2179 | |
2180 Where to report bugs? | |
2181 | |
2182 @subsubheading Answer | |
2183 | |
2184 Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start | |
2185 a message to the | |
2186 @email{bugs@@gnus.org, gnus bug mailing list} | |
2187 including information about your environment which make | |
2188 it easier to help you. | |
2189 | |
96024 | 2190 @node FAQ 8-6 |
84299 | 2191 @subsubheading Question 8.6 |
2192 | |
2193 I need real-time help, where to find it? | |
2194 | |
2195 @subsubheading Answer | |
2196 | |
2197 Point your IRC client to irc.freenode.net, channel #gnus. | |
2198 | |
2199 @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus | |
2200 @subsection Tuning Gnus | |
2201 | |
2202 @menu | |
96024 | 2203 * FAQ 9-1:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
2204 * FAQ 9-2:: How to speed up the process of entering a group? | |
2205 * FAQ 9-3:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? | |
84299 | 2206 @end menu |
2207 | |
96024 | 2208 @node FAQ 9-1 |
84299 | 2209 @subsubheading Question 9.1 |
2210 | |
2211 Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? | |
2212 | |
2213 @subsubheading Answer | |
2214 | |
2215 The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's | |
2216 active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus | |
2217 manual for things you might try to speed the process up. | |
2218 An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus.el (say | |
2219 @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus.el | |
2220 RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require | |
2221 statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with | |
2222 eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup | |
2223 time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your | |
2224 ~/.gnus.el: | |
2225 | |
2226 @example | |
2227 (require 'message) | |
2228 (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)) | |
2229 @end example | |
2230 @noindent | |
2231 | |
2232 then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If | |
2233 you replace it with | |
2234 | |
2235 @example | |
2236 (eval-after-load "message" | |
2237 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) | |
2238 @end example | |
2239 @noindent | |
2240 | |
2241 it's loaded when it's needed. | |
2242 | |
96024 | 2243 @node FAQ 9-2 |
84299 | 2244 @subsubheading Question 9.2 |
2245 | |
2246 How to speed up the process of entering a group? | |
2247 | |
2248 @subsubheading Answer | |
2249 | |
2250 A speed killer is setting the variable | |
2251 gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil, | |
2252 so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up | |
2253 building of summary say | |
2254 | |
2255 @example | |
2256 (gnus-compile) | |
2257 @end example | |
2258 @noindent | |
2259 | |
2260 at the bottom of your ~/.gnus.el, this will make gnus | |
2261 byte-compile things like | |
2262 gnus-summary-line-format. | |
2263 then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold | |
2264 by saying something like | |
2265 | |
2266 @example | |
2267 (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000) | |
2268 @end example | |
2269 @noindent | |
2270 | |
2271 in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK | |
2272 characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a | |
2273 recent GNU Emacs, you should say | |
2274 | |
2275 @example | |
2276 (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil) | |
2277 @end example | |
2278 @noindent | |
2279 | |
2280 in ~/.gnus.el (thanks to Jesper harder for the last | |
2281 two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8 | |
2282 or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary | |
2283 buffer generation, you definitely should update to | |
2284 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has | |
2285 been done. | |
2286 | |
96024 | 2287 @node FAQ 9-3 |
84299 | 2288 @subsubheading Question 9.3 |
2289 | |
2290 Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? | |
2291 | |
2292 @subsubheading Answer | |
2293 | |
2294 The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the | |
2295 messages you wrote by setting | |
2296 gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group | |
2297 instead of an archive group, this should bring you back | |
2298 to normal speed. | |
2299 | |
2300 @node FAQ - Glossary | |
2301 @subsection Glossary | |
2302 | |
2303 @table @dfn | |
2304 | |
2305 @item ~/.gnus.el | |
2306 When the term ~/.gnus.el is used it just means your Gnus | |
2307 configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus or | |
2308 specify another name. | |
2309 | |
2310 @item Back End | |
2311 In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer | |
2312 between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or | |
2313 whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface | |
2314 to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc. | |
2315 | |
2316 @item Emacs | |
2317 When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU | |
2318 Emacs or XEmacs. | |
2319 | |
2320 @item Message | |
2321 In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a | |
2322 Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter | |
2323 of which kind it is. | |
2324 | |
2325 @item MUA | |
2326 MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you | |
2327 use to read and write e-mails. | |
2328 | |
2329 @item NUA | |
2330 NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you | |
2331 use to read and write Usenet news. | |
2332 | |
2333 @end table | |
2334 | |
2335 @ignore | |
2336 arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8 | |
2337 @end ignore |