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author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Wed, 03 Apr 2002 14:35:52 +0000
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @node GNU Free Documentation License, GPL, Antinews, Top
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3
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4 @appendix GNU Free Documentation License
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5 @center Version 1.1, March 2000
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6
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7 @display
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8 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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9 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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10
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11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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13 @end display
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14 @sp 1
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15 @enumerate 0
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16 @item
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17 PREAMBLE
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18
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19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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20 written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
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21 the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
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22 modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
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23 this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
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24 credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
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25 modifications made by others.
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26
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27 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
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28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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29 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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30 license designed for free software.
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31
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32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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34 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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35 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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36 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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37 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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38 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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39
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40 @sp 1
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41 @item
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42 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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43
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44 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
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45 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
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46 under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any
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47 such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
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48 addressed as ``you''.
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49
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50 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
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51 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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52 modifications and/or translated into another language.
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53
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54 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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55 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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56 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
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57 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
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58 within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
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59 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
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60 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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61 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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62 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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63 them.
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64
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65 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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66 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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67 that says that the Document is released under this License.
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68
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69 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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70 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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71 the Document is released under this License.
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72
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73 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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74 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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75 general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
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76 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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77 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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78 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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79 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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80 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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81 format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
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82 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
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83 not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
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84
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85 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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86 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
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87 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
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88 HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
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89 PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
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90 by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
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91 processing tools are not generally available, and the
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92 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
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93 purposes only.
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94
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95 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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96 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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97 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
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98 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
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99 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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100 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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101 @sp 1
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102 @item
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103 VERBATIM COPYING
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104
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105 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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106 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
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107 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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108 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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109 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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110 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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111 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
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112 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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113 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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114
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115 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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116 you may publicly display copies.
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117 @sp 1
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118 @item
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119 COPYING IN QUANTITY
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120
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121 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
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122 and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
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123 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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124 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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125 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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126 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
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127 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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128 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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129 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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130 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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131 as verbatim copying in other respects.
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132
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133 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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134 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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135 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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136 pages.
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137
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138 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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139 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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140 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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141 a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
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142 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
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143 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
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144 charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
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145 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
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146 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
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147 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
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148 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
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149 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
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150 the public.
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151
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152 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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153 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
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154 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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155 @sp 1
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156 @item
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157 MODIFICATIONS
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158
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159 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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160 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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161 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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162 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
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163 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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164 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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165
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166 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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167 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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168 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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169 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
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170 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@*
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171 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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172 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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173 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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174 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@*
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175 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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176 Modified Version, as the publisher.@*
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177 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@*
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178 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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179 adjacent to the other copyright notices.@*
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180 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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181 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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182 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@*
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183 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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184 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@*
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185 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@*
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186 I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
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187 it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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188 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
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189 there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
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190 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
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191 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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192 Version as stated in the previous sentence.@*
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193 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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194 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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195 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
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196 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
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197 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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198 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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199 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@*
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200 K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
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201 preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
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202 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
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203 and/or dedications given therein.@*
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204 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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205 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
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206 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@*
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207 M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
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208 may not be included in the Modified Version.@*
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209 N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
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210 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@*
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211 @sp 1
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212 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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213 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
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214 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
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215 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
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216 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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217 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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218
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219 You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
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220 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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221 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
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222 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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223 standard.
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224
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225 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
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226 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
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227 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
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228 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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229 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
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230 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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231 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
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232 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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233 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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234
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235 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
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236 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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237 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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238 @sp 1
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239 @item
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240 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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241
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242 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
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243 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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244 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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245 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
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246 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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247 license notice.
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248
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249 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
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250 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
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251 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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252 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
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253 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
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254 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
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255 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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256 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
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257
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258 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''
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259 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
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260 ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
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261 and any sections entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
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262 entitled ``Endorsements.''
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263 @sp 1
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264 @item
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265 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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266
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267 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
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268 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
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269 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
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270 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
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271 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
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272
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273 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
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274 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
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275 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
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276 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
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277 @sp 1
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278 @item
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279 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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280
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281 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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282 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
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283 distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
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284 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
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285 compilation. Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this
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286 License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
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287 with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
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288 are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
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289
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290 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
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291 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
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292 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
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293 covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
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294 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
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295 @sp 1
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296 @item
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297 TRANSLATION
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298
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299 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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300 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
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301 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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302 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
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303 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
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304 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
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305 translation of this License provided that you also include the
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306 original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
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307 between the translation and the original English version of this
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308 License, the original English version will prevail.
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309 @sp 1
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310 @item
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311 TERMINATION
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312
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313 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
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314 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
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315 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
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316 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
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317 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
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318 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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319 parties remain in full compliance.
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320 @sp 1
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321 @item
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322 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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323
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324 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
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325 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
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326 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
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327 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
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328 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
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329
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330 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
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331 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
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332 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
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333 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
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334 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
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335 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
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336 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
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337 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
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338
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339 @end enumerate
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340
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341 @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
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342
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343 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
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344 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
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345 license notices just after the title page:
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346
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347 @smallexample
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348 @group
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349
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350 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
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351 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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352 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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353 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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354 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the
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355 Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}.
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356 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
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357 Free Documentation License''.
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358 @end group
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359 @end smallexample
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360 If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''
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361 instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
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362 Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of
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363 ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
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364
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365 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
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366 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
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367 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
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368 to permit their use in free software.