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annotate lispref/backups.texi @ 81015:72b9f4dba30d
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author | Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com> |
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date | Mon, 21 May 2007 20:09:57 +0000 |
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6564 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, |
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4 @c 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6564 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/backups | |
7 @node Backups and Auto-Saving, Buffers, Files, Top | |
8 @chapter Backups and Auto-Saving | |
76831 | 9 @cindex backups and auto-saving |
6564 | 10 |
11 Backup files and auto-save files are two methods by which Emacs tries | |
12 to protect the user from the consequences of crashes or of the user's | |
13 own errors. Auto-saving preserves the text from earlier in the current | |
14 editing session; backup files preserve file contents prior to the | |
15 current session. | |
16 | |
17 @menu | |
18 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names are chosen. | |
19 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their names are chosen. | |
20 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize what it does. | |
21 @end menu | |
22 | |
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23 @node Backup Files |
6564 | 24 @section Backup Files |
25 @cindex backup file | |
26 | |
27 A @dfn{backup file} is a copy of the old contents of a file you are | |
28 editing. Emacs makes a backup file the first time you save a buffer | |
76900 | 29 into its visited file. Thus, normally, the backup file contains the |
30 contents of the file as it was before the current editing session. | |
31 The contents of the backup file normally remain unchanged once it | |
32 exists. | |
6564 | 33 |
34 Backups are usually made by renaming the visited file to a new name. | |
35 Optionally, you can specify that backup files should be made by copying | |
36 the visited file. This choice makes a difference for files with | |
37 multiple names; it also can affect whether the edited file remains owned | |
38 by the original owner or becomes owned by the user editing it. | |
39 | |
40 By default, Emacs makes a single backup file for each file edited. | |
41 You can alternatively request numbered backups; then each new backup | |
42 file gets a new name. You can delete old numbered backups when you | |
43 don't want them any more, or Emacs can delete them automatically. | |
44 | |
45 @menu | |
46 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when. | |
47 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file or copying it. | |
48 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file. | |
49 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization. | |
50 @end menu | |
51 | |
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52 @node Making Backups |
6564 | 53 @subsection Making Backup Files |
54 | |
55 @defun backup-buffer | |
56 This function makes a backup of the file visited by the current | |
57 buffer, if appropriate. It is called by @code{save-buffer} before | |
58 saving the buffer the first time. | |
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59 |
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60 If a backup was made by renaming, the return value is a cons cell of |
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61 the form (@var{modes} . @var{backupname}), where @var{modes} are the |
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62 mode bits of the original file, as returned by @code{file-modes} |
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63 (@pxref{File Attributes,, Other Information about Files}), and |
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64 @var{backupname} is the name of the backup. In all other cases, that |
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65 is, if a backup was made by copying or if no backup was made, this |
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66 function returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 67 @end defun |
68 | |
69 @defvar buffer-backed-up | |
76900 | 70 This buffer-local variable says whether this buffer's file has |
71 been backed up on account of this buffer. If it is non-@code{nil}, | |
6564 | 72 the backup file has been written. Otherwise, the file should be backed |
7336 | 73 up when it is next saved (if backups are enabled). This is a |
76900 | 74 permanent local; @code{kill-all-local-variables} does not alter@tie{}it. |
6564 | 75 @end defvar |
76 | |
77 @defopt make-backup-files | |
12098 | 78 This variable determines whether or not to make backup files. If it |
6564 | 79 is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs creates a backup of each file when it is |
12098 | 80 saved for the first time---provided that @code{backup-inhibited} |
81 is @code{nil} (see below). | |
6564 | 82 |
12098 | 83 The following example shows how to change the @code{make-backup-files} |
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84 variable only in the Rmail buffers and not elsewhere. Setting it |
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85 @code{nil} stops Emacs from making backups of these files, which may |
25875 | 86 save disk space. (You would put this code in your init file.) |
6564 | 87 |
88 @smallexample | |
89 @group | |
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90 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook |
6564 | 91 (function (lambda () |
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92 (make-local-variable |
6564 | 93 'make-backup-files) |
94 (setq make-backup-files nil)))) | |
95 @end group | |
96 @end smallexample | |
97 @end defopt | |
98 | |
7336 | 99 @defvar backup-enable-predicate |
6564 | 100 This variable's value is a function to be called on certain occasions to |
7336 | 101 decide whether a file should have backup files. The function receives |
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102 one argument, an absolute file name to consider. If the function returns |
7336 | 103 @code{nil}, backups are disabled for that file. Otherwise, the other |
104 variables in this section say whether and how to make backups. | |
6564 | 105 |
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106 @findex normal-backup-enable-predicate |
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107 The default value is @code{normal-backup-enable-predicate}, which checks |
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108 for files in @code{temporary-file-directory} and |
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109 @code{small-temporary-file-directory}. |
6564 | 110 @end defvar |
111 | |
112 @defvar backup-inhibited | |
113 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, backups are inhibited. It records | |
114 the result of testing @code{backup-enable-predicate} on the visited file | |
115 name. It can also coherently be used by other mechanisms that inhibit | |
12098 | 116 backups based on which file is visited. For example, VC sets this |
117 variable non-@code{nil} to prevent making backups for files managed | |
118 with a version control system. | |
7336 | 119 |
12098 | 120 This is a permanent local, so that changing the major mode does not lose |
121 its value. Major modes should not set this variable---they should set | |
7336 | 122 @code{make-backup-files} instead. |
6564 | 123 @end defvar |
124 | |
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125 @defvar backup-directory-alist |
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126 This variable's value is an alist of filename patterns and backup |
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127 directory names. Each element looks like |
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128 @smallexample |
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129 (@var{regexp} . @var{directory}) |
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130 @end smallexample |
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131 |
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132 @noindent |
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133 Backups of files with names matching @var{regexp} will be made in |
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134 @var{directory}. @var{directory} may be relative or absolute. If it is |
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135 absolute, so that all matching files are backed up into the same |
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136 directory, the file names in this directory will be the full name of the |
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137 file backed up with all directory separators changed to @samp{!} to |
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138 prevent clashes. This will not work correctly if your filesystem |
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139 truncates the resulting name. |
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140 |
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141 For the common case of all backups going into one directory, the alist |
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142 should contain a single element pairing @samp{"."} with the appropriate |
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143 directory name. |
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144 |
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145 If this variable is @code{nil}, or it fails to match a filename, the |
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146 backup is made in the original file's directory. |
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147 |
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148 On MS-DOS filesystems without long names this variable is always |
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149 ignored. |
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150 @end defvar |
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151 |
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152 @defvar make-backup-file-name-function |
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153 This variable's value is a function to use for making backups instead |
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154 of the default @code{make-backup-file-name}. A value of @code{nil} |
63609 | 155 gives the default @code{make-backup-file-name} behavior. |
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156 @xref{Backup Names,, Naming Backup Files}. |
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157 |
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158 This could be buffer-local to do something special for specific |
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159 files. If you define it, you may need to change |
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160 @code{backup-file-name-p} and @code{file-name-sans-versions} too. |
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161 @end defvar |
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162 |
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163 |
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164 @node Rename or Copy |
6564 | 165 @subsection Backup by Renaming or by Copying? |
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166 @cindex backup files, rename or copy |
6564 | 167 |
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168 There are two ways that Emacs can make a backup file: |
6564 | 169 |
170 @itemize @bullet | |
171 @item | |
172 Emacs can rename the original file so that it becomes a backup file, and | |
173 then write the buffer being saved into a new file. After this | |
174 procedure, any other names (i.e., hard links) of the original file now | |
175 refer to the backup file. The new file is owned by the user doing the | |
176 editing, and its group is the default for new files written by the user | |
177 in that directory. | |
178 | |
179 @item | |
180 Emacs can copy the original file into a backup file, and then overwrite | |
181 the original file with new contents. After this procedure, any other | |
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182 names (i.e., hard links) of the original file continue to refer to the |
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183 current (updated) version of the file. The file's owner and group will |
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184 be unchanged. |
6564 | 185 @end itemize |
186 | |
187 The first method, renaming, is the default. | |
188 | |
189 The variable @code{backup-by-copying}, if non-@code{nil}, says to use | |
190 the second method, which is to copy the original file and overwrite it | |
191 with the new buffer contents. The variable @code{file-precious-flag}, | |
192 if non-@code{nil}, also has this effect (as a sideline of its main | |
193 significance). @xref{Saving Buffers}. | |
194 | |
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195 @defopt backup-by-copying |
6564 | 196 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs always makes backup files by |
197 copying. | |
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198 @end defopt |
6564 | 199 |
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200 The following three variables, when non-@code{nil}, cause the second |
6564 | 201 method to be used in certain special cases. They have no effect on the |
202 treatment of files that don't fall into the special cases. | |
203 | |
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204 @defopt backup-by-copying-when-linked |
6564 | 205 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs makes backups by copying for |
206 files with multiple names (hard links). | |
207 | |
208 This variable is significant only if @code{backup-by-copying} is | |
209 @code{nil}, since copying is always used when that variable is | |
210 non-@code{nil}. | |
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211 @end defopt |
6564 | 212 |
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213 @defopt backup-by-copying-when-mismatch |
6564 | 214 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs makes backups by copying in cases |
215 where renaming would change either the owner or the group of the file. | |
216 | |
217 The value has no effect when renaming would not alter the owner or | |
218 group of the file; that is, for files which are owned by the user and | |
219 whose group matches the default for a new file created there by the | |
220 user. | |
221 | |
222 This variable is significant only if @code{backup-by-copying} is | |
223 @code{nil}, since copying is always used when that variable is | |
224 non-@code{nil}. | |
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225 @end defopt |
6564 | 226 |
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227 @defopt backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch |
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228 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the same behavior as |
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229 @code{backup-by-copying-when-mismatch}, but only for certain user-id |
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230 values: namely, those less than or equal to a certain number. You set |
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231 this variable to that number. |
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232 |
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233 Thus, if you set @code{backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch} |
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234 to 0, backup by copying is done for the superuser only, |
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235 when necessary to prevent a change in the owner of the file. |
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236 |
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237 The default is 200. |
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238 @end defopt |
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239 |
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240 @node Numbered Backups |
6564 | 241 @subsection Making and Deleting Numbered Backup Files |
242 | |
243 If a file's name is @file{foo}, the names of its numbered backup | |
244 versions are @file{foo.~@var{v}~}, for various integers @var{v}, like | |
245 this: @file{foo.~1~}, @file{foo.~2~}, @file{foo.~3~}, @dots{}, | |
246 @file{foo.~259~}, and so on. | |
247 | |
248 @defopt version-control | |
249 This variable controls whether to make a single non-numbered backup | |
250 file or multiple numbered backups. | |
251 | |
252 @table @asis | |
253 @item @code{nil} | |
254 Make numbered backups if the visited file already has numbered backups; | |
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255 otherwise, do not. This is the default. |
6564 | 256 |
257 @item @code{never} | |
258 Do not make numbered backups. | |
259 | |
260 @item @var{anything else} | |
7336 | 261 Make numbered backups. |
6564 | 262 @end table |
263 @end defopt | |
264 | |
265 The use of numbered backups ultimately leads to a large number of | |
266 backup versions, which must then be deleted. Emacs can do this | |
7336 | 267 automatically or it can ask the user whether to delete them. |
6564 | 268 |
269 @defopt kept-new-versions | |
7336 | 270 The value of this variable is the number of newest versions to keep |
6564 | 271 when a new numbered backup is made. The newly made backup is included |
76900 | 272 in the count. The default value is@tie{}2. |
6564 | 273 @end defopt |
274 | |
275 @defopt kept-old-versions | |
276 The value of this variable is the number of oldest versions to keep | |
76900 | 277 when a new numbered backup is made. The default value is@tie{}2. |
6564 | 278 @end defopt |
279 | |
280 If there are backups numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, and both of these | |
281 variables have the value 2, then the backups numbered 1 and 2 are kept | |
282 as old versions and those numbered 5 and 7 are kept as new versions; | |
7336 | 283 backup version 3 is excess. The function @code{find-backup-file-name} |
6564 | 284 (@pxref{Backup Names}) is responsible for determining which backup |
285 versions to delete, but does not delete them itself. | |
286 | |
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287 @defopt delete-old-versions |
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288 If this variable is @code{t}, then saving a file deletes excess |
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289 backup versions silently. If it is @code{nil}, that means |
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290 to ask for confirmation before deleting excess backups. |
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291 Otherwise, they are not deleted at all. |
6564 | 292 @end defopt |
293 | |
294 @defopt dired-kept-versions | |
295 This variable specifies how many of the newest backup versions to keep | |
296 in the Dired command @kbd{.} (@code{dired-clean-directory}). That's the | |
7336 | 297 same thing @code{kept-new-versions} specifies when you make a new backup |
76900 | 298 file. The default is@tie{}2. |
6564 | 299 @end defopt |
300 | |
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301 @node Backup Names |
6564 | 302 @subsection Naming Backup Files |
303 | |
304 The functions in this section are documented mainly because you can | |
305 customize the naming conventions for backup files by redefining them. | |
306 If you change one, you probably need to change the rest. | |
307 | |
308 @defun backup-file-name-p filename | |
309 This function returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{filename} is a | |
76900 | 310 possible name for a backup file. It just checks the name, not whether |
311 a file with the name @var{filename} exists. | |
6564 | 312 |
313 @smallexample | |
314 @group | |
315 (backup-file-name-p "foo") | |
316 @result{} nil | |
317 @end group | |
318 @group | |
319 (backup-file-name-p "foo~") | |
320 @result{} 3 | |
321 @end group | |
322 @end smallexample | |
323 | |
324 The standard definition of this function is as follows: | |
325 | |
326 @smallexample | |
327 @group | |
328 (defun backup-file-name-p (file) | |
329 "Return non-nil if FILE is a backup file \ | |
330 name (numeric or not)..." | |
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331 (string-match "~\\'" file)) |
6564 | 332 @end group |
333 @end smallexample | |
334 | |
335 @noindent | |
336 Thus, the function returns a non-@code{nil} value if the file name ends | |
337 with a @samp{~}. (We use a backslash to split the documentation | |
338 string's first line into two lines in the text, but produce just one | |
339 line in the string itself.) | |
340 | |
341 This simple expression is placed in a separate function to make it easy | |
342 to redefine for customization. | |
343 @end defun | |
344 | |
345 @defun make-backup-file-name filename | |
7336 | 346 This function returns a string that is the name to use for a |
6564 | 347 non-numbered backup file for file @var{filename}. On Unix, this is just |
348 @var{filename} with a tilde appended. | |
349 | |
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350 The standard definition of this function, on most operating systems, is |
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351 as follows: |
6564 | 352 |
353 @smallexample | |
354 @group | |
355 (defun make-backup-file-name (file) | |
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356 "Create the non-numeric backup file name for FILE..." |
6564 | 357 (concat file "~")) |
358 @end group | |
359 @end smallexample | |
360 | |
7336 | 361 You can change the backup-file naming convention by redefining this |
6564 | 362 function. The following example redefines @code{make-backup-file-name} |
7336 | 363 to prepend a @samp{.} in addition to appending a tilde: |
6564 | 364 |
365 @smallexample | |
366 @group | |
367 (defun make-backup-file-name (filename) | |
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368 (expand-file-name |
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369 (concat "." (file-name-nondirectory filename) "~") |
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370 (file-name-directory filename))) |
6564 | 371 @end group |
372 | |
373 @group | |
374 (make-backup-file-name "backups.texi") | |
375 @result{} ".backups.texi~" | |
376 @end group | |
377 @end smallexample | |
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378 |
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379 Some parts of Emacs, including some Dired commands, assume that backup |
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380 file names end with @samp{~}. If you do not follow that convention, it |
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381 will not cause serious problems, but these commands may give |
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382 less-than-desirable results. |
6564 | 383 @end defun |
384 | |
385 @defun find-backup-file-name filename | |
386 This function computes the file name for a new backup file for | |
387 @var{filename}. It may also propose certain existing backup files for | |
388 deletion. @code{find-backup-file-name} returns a list whose @sc{car} is | |
389 the name for the new backup file and whose @sc{cdr} is a list of backup | |
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390 files whose deletion is proposed. The value can also be @code{nil}, |
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391 which means not to make a backup. |
6564 | 392 |
393 Two variables, @code{kept-old-versions} and @code{kept-new-versions}, | |
394 determine which backup versions should be kept. This function keeps | |
395 those versions by excluding them from the @sc{cdr} of the value. | |
396 @xref{Numbered Backups}. | |
397 | |
398 In this example, the value says that @file{~rms/foo.~5~} is the name | |
399 to use for the new backup file, and @file{~rms/foo.~3~} is an ``excess'' | |
400 version that the caller should consider deleting now. | |
401 | |
402 @smallexample | |
403 @group | |
404 (find-backup-file-name "~rms/foo") | |
405 @result{} ("~rms/foo.~5~" "~rms/foo.~3~") | |
406 @end group | |
407 @end smallexample | |
408 @end defun | |
409 | |
410 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
411 @defun file-newest-backup filename | |
412 This function returns the name of the most recent backup file for | |
7336 | 413 @var{filename}, or @code{nil} if that file has no backup files. |
6564 | 414 |
7336 | 415 Some file comparison commands use this function so that they can |
416 automatically compare a file with its most recent backup. | |
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417 @end defun |
6564 | 418 |
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419 @node Auto-Saving |
6564 | 420 @section Auto-Saving |
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421 @c @cindex auto-saving Lots of symbols starting with auto-save here. |
6564 | 422 |
423 Emacs periodically saves all files that you are visiting; this is | |
424 called @dfn{auto-saving}. Auto-saving prevents you from losing more | |
425 than a limited amount of work if the system crashes. By default, | |
426 auto-saves happen every 300 keystrokes, or after around 30 seconds of | |
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427 idle time. @xref{Auto Save, Auto Save, Auto-Saving: Protection Against |
6564 | 428 Disasters, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for information on auto-save |
429 for users. Here we describe the functions used to implement auto-saving | |
430 and the variables that control them. | |
431 | |
432 @defvar buffer-auto-save-file-name | |
433 This buffer-local variable is the name of the file used for | |
434 auto-saving the current buffer. It is @code{nil} if the buffer | |
435 should not be auto-saved. | |
436 | |
437 @example | |
438 @group | |
439 buffer-auto-save-file-name | |
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440 @result{} "/xcssun/users/rms/lewis/#backups.texi#" |
6564 | 441 @end group |
442 @end example | |
443 @end defvar | |
444 | |
445 @deffn Command auto-save-mode arg | |
446 When used interactively without an argument, this command is a toggle | |
447 switch: it turns on auto-saving of the current buffer if it is off, and | |
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448 vice versa. With an argument @var{arg}, the command turns auto-saving |
6564 | 449 on if the value of @var{arg} is @code{t}, a nonempty list, or a positive |
450 integer. Otherwise, it turns auto-saving off. | |
451 @end deffn | |
452 | |
453 @defun auto-save-file-name-p filename | |
454 This function returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{filename} is a | |
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455 string that could be the name of an auto-save file. It assumes |
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456 the usual naming convention for auto-save files: a name that |
6564 | 457 begins and ends with hash marks (@samp{#}) is a possible auto-save file |
458 name. The argument @var{filename} should not contain a directory part. | |
459 | |
460 @example | |
461 @group | |
462 (make-auto-save-file-name) | |
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463 @result{} "/xcssun/users/rms/lewis/#backups.texi#" |
6564 | 464 @end group |
465 @group | |
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466 (auto-save-file-name-p "#backups.texi#") |
6564 | 467 @result{} 0 |
468 @end group | |
469 @group | |
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470 (auto-save-file-name-p "backups.texi") |
6564 | 471 @result{} nil |
472 @end group | |
473 @end example | |
474 | |
475 The standard definition of this function is as follows: | |
476 | |
477 @example | |
478 @group | |
479 (defun auto-save-file-name-p (filename) | |
480 "Return non-nil if FILENAME can be yielded by..." | |
481 (string-match "^#.*#$" filename)) | |
482 @end group | |
483 @end example | |
484 | |
485 This function exists so that you can customize it if you wish to | |
486 change the naming convention for auto-save files. If you redefine it, | |
487 be sure to redefine the function @code{make-auto-save-file-name} | |
488 correspondingly. | |
489 @end defun | |
490 | |
491 @defun make-auto-save-file-name | |
492 This function returns the file name to use for auto-saving the current | |
24934 | 493 buffer. This is just the file name with hash marks (@samp{#}) prepended |
494 and appended to it. This function does not look at the variable | |
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495 @code{auto-save-visited-file-name} (described below); callers of this |
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496 function should check that variable first. |
6564 | 497 |
498 @example | |
499 @group | |
500 (make-auto-save-file-name) | |
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501 @result{} "/xcssun/users/rms/lewis/#backups.texi#" |
6564 | 502 @end group |
503 @end example | |
504 | |
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505 Here is a simplified version of the standard definition of this |
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506 function: |
6564 | 507 |
508 @example | |
509 @group | |
510 (defun make-auto-save-file-name () | |
511 "Return file name to use for auto-saves \ | |
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512 of current buffer.." |
6564 | 513 (if buffer-file-name |
514 @end group | |
515 @group | |
516 (concat | |
517 (file-name-directory buffer-file-name) | |
518 "#" | |
519 (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name) | |
520 "#") | |
521 (expand-file-name | |
522 (concat "#%" (buffer-name) "#")))) | |
523 @end group | |
524 @end example | |
525 | |
526 This exists as a separate function so that you can redefine it to | |
527 customize the naming convention for auto-save files. Be sure to | |
528 change @code{auto-save-file-name-p} in a corresponding way. | |
529 @end defun | |
530 | |
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531 @defopt auto-save-visited-file-name |
6564 | 532 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs auto-saves buffers in |
533 the files they are visiting. That is, the auto-save is done in the same | |
7336 | 534 file that you are editing. Normally, this variable is @code{nil}, so |
6564 | 535 auto-save files have distinct names that are created by |
536 @code{make-auto-save-file-name}. | |
537 | |
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538 When you change the value of this variable, the new value does not take |
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539 effect in an existing buffer until the next time auto-save mode is |
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540 reenabled in it. If auto-save mode is already enabled, auto-saves |
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541 continue to go in the same file name until @code{auto-save-mode} is |
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542 called again. |
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543 @end defopt |
6564 | 544 |
545 @defun recent-auto-save-p | |
546 This function returns @code{t} if the current buffer has been | |
547 auto-saved since the last time it was read in or saved. | |
548 @end defun | |
549 | |
550 @defun set-buffer-auto-saved | |
551 This function marks the current buffer as auto-saved. The buffer will | |
552 not be auto-saved again until the buffer text is changed again. The | |
553 function returns @code{nil}. | |
554 @end defun | |
555 | |
556 @defopt auto-save-interval | |
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557 The value of this variable specifies how often to do auto-saving, in |
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558 terms of number of input events. Each time this many additional input |
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559 events are read, Emacs does auto-saving for all buffers in which that is |
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560 enabled. Setting this to zero disables autosaving based on the |
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561 number of characters typed. |
6564 | 562 @end defopt |
563 | |
564 @defopt auto-save-timeout | |
565 The value of this variable is the number of seconds of idle time that | |
566 should cause auto-saving. Each time the user pauses for this long, | |
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567 Emacs does auto-saving for all buffers in which that is enabled. (If |
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568 the current buffer is large, the specified timeout is multiplied by a |
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569 factor that increases as the size increases; for a million-byte |
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570 buffer, the factor is almost 4.) |
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571 |
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572 If the value is zero or @code{nil}, then auto-saving is not done as a |
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573 result of idleness, only after a certain number of input events as |
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574 specified by @code{auto-save-interval}. |
6564 | 575 @end defopt |
576 | |
577 @defvar auto-save-hook | |
578 This normal hook is run whenever an auto-save is about to happen. | |
579 @end defvar | |
580 | |
581 @defopt auto-save-default | |
582 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, buffers that are visiting files | |
583 have auto-saving enabled by default. Otherwise, they do not. | |
584 @end defopt | |
585 | |
12098 | 586 @deffn Command do-auto-save &optional no-message current-only |
6564 | 587 This function auto-saves all buffers that need to be auto-saved. It |
588 saves all buffers for which auto-saving is enabled and that have been | |
589 changed since the previous auto-save. | |
590 | |
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591 If any buffers are auto-saved, @code{do-auto-save} normally displays a |
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592 message saying @samp{Auto-saving...} in the echo area while |
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593 auto-saving is going on. However, if @var{no-message} is |
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594 non-@code{nil}, the message is inhibited. |
12098 | 595 |
596 If @var{current-only} is non-@code{nil}, only the current buffer | |
597 is auto-saved. | |
6564 | 598 @end deffn |
599 | |
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600 @defun delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary &optional force |
6564 | 601 This function deletes the current buffer's auto-save file if |
602 @code{delete-auto-save-files} is non-@code{nil}. It is called every | |
603 time a buffer is saved. | |
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604 |
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605 Unless @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, this function only deletes the |
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606 file if it was written by the current Emacs session since the last |
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607 true save. |
6564 | 608 @end defun |
609 | |
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610 @defopt delete-auto-save-files |
6564 | 611 This variable is used by the function |
612 @code{delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary}. If it is non-@code{nil}, | |
613 Emacs deletes auto-save files when a true save is done (in the visited | |
614 file). This saves disk space and unclutters your directory. | |
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615 @end defopt |
6564 | 616 |
617 @defun rename-auto-save-file | |
618 This function adjusts the current buffer's auto-save file name if the | |
619 visited file name has changed. It also renames an existing auto-save | |
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620 file, if it was made in the current Emacs session. If the visited |
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621 file name has not changed, this function does nothing. |
6564 | 622 @end defun |
623 | |
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624 @defvar buffer-saved-size |
7336 | 625 The value of this buffer-local variable is the length of the current |
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626 buffer, when it was last read in, saved, or auto-saved. This is |
7336 | 627 used to detect a substantial decrease in size, and turn off auto-saving |
628 in response. | |
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629 |
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630 If it is @minus{}1, that means auto-saving is temporarily shut off in |
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631 this buffer due to a substantial decrease in size. Explicitly saving |
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632 the buffer stores a positive value in this variable, thus reenabling |
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633 auto-saving. Turning auto-save mode off or on also updates this |
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634 variable, so that the substantial decrease in size is forgotten. |
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635 @end defvar |
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636 |
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637 @defvar auto-save-list-file-name |
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638 This variable (if non-@code{nil}) specifies a file for recording the |
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639 names of all the auto-save files. Each time Emacs does auto-saving, it |
12098 | 640 writes two lines into this file for each buffer that has auto-saving |
641 enabled. The first line gives the name of the visited file (it's empty | |
642 if the buffer has none), and the second gives the name of the auto-save | |
643 file. | |
644 | |
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645 When Emacs exits normally, it deletes this file; if Emacs crashes, you |
12098 | 646 can look in the file to find all the auto-save files that might contain |
647 work that was otherwise lost. The @code{recover-session} command uses | |
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648 this file to find them. |
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649 |
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650 The default name for this file specifies your home directory and starts |
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651 with @samp{.saves-}. It also contains the Emacs process @acronym{ID} and the |
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652 host name. |
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653 @end defvar |
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654 |
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655 @defvar auto-save-list-file-prefix |
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656 After Emacs reads your init file, it initializes |
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657 @code{auto-save-list-file-name} (if you have not already set it |
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658 non-@code{nil}) based on this prefix, adding the host name and process |
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659 ID. If you set this to @code{nil} in your init file, then Emacs does |
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660 not initialize @code{auto-save-list-file-name}. |
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661 @end defvar |
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662 |
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663 @node Reverting |
6564 | 664 @section Reverting |
665 | |
666 If you have made extensive changes to a file and then change your mind | |
667 about them, you can get rid of them by reading in the previous version | |
668 of the file with the @code{revert-buffer} command. @xref{Reverting, , | |
669 Reverting a Buffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
670 | |
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671 @deffn Command revert-buffer &optional ignore-auto noconfirm preserve-modes |
6564 | 672 This command replaces the buffer text with the text of the visited |
673 file on disk. This action undoes all changes since the file was visited | |
674 or saved. | |
675 | |
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676 By default, if the latest auto-save file is more recent than the visited |
25981 | 677 file, and the argument @var{ignore-auto} is @code{nil}, |
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678 @code{revert-buffer} asks the user whether to use that auto-save |
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679 instead. When you invoke this command interactively, @var{ignore-auto} |
25981 | 680 is @code{t} if there is no numeric prefix argument; thus, the |
681 interactive default is not to check the auto-save file. | |
6564 | 682 |
683 Normally, @code{revert-buffer} asks for confirmation before it changes | |
684 the buffer; but if the argument @var{noconfirm} is non-@code{nil}, | |
685 @code{revert-buffer} does not ask for confirmation. | |
686 | |
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687 Normally, this command reinitializes the buffer's major and minor modes |
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688 using @code{normal-mode}. But if @var{preserve-modes} is |
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689 non-@code{nil}, the modes remain unchanged. |
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690 |
6564 | 691 Reverting tries to preserve marker positions in the buffer by using the |
7336 | 692 replacement feature of @code{insert-file-contents}. If the buffer |
693 contents and the file contents are identical before the revert | |
694 operation, reverting preserves all the markers. If they are not | |
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695 identical, reverting does change the buffer; in that case, it preserves |
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696 the markers in the unchanged text (if any) at the beginning and end of |
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697 the buffer. Preserving any additional markers would be problematical. |
6564 | 698 @end deffn |
699 | |
7336 | 700 You can customize how @code{revert-buffer} does its work by setting |
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701 the variables described in the rest of this section. |
7336 | 702 |
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703 @defopt revert-without-query |
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704 This variable holds a list of files that should be reverted without |
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705 query. The value is a list of regular expressions. If the visited file |
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706 name matches one of these regular expressions, and the file has changed |
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707 on disk but the buffer is not modified, then @code{revert-buffer} |
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708 reverts the file without asking the user for confirmation. |
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709 @end defopt |
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710 |
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711 Some major modes customize @code{revert-buffer} by making |
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712 buffer-local bindings for these variables: |
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713 |
56215 | 714 @defvar revert-buffer-function |
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715 @anchor{Definition of revert-buffer-function} |
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716 The value of this variable is the function to use to revert this |
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717 buffer. If non-@code{nil}, it should be a function with two optional |
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718 arguments to do the work of reverting. The two optional arguments, |
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719 @var{ignore-auto} and @var{noconfirm}, are the arguments that |
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720 @code{revert-buffer} received. If the value is @code{nil}, reverting |
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721 works the usual way. |
7336 | 722 |
723 Modes such as Dired mode, in which the text being edited does not | |
724 consist of a file's contents but can be regenerated in some other | |
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725 fashion, can give this variable a buffer-local value that is a function to |
7336 | 726 regenerate the contents. |
6564 | 727 @end defvar |
728 | |
729 @defvar revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function | |
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730 The value of this variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the function to use to |
12098 | 731 insert the updated contents when reverting this buffer. The function |
732 receives two arguments: first the file name to use; second, @code{t} if | |
733 the user has asked to read the auto-save file. | |
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734 |
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735 The reason for a mode to set this variable instead of |
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736 @code{revert-buffer-function} is to avoid duplicating or replacing the |
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737 rest of what @code{revert-buffer} does: asking for confirmation, |
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738 clearing the undo list, deciding the proper major mode, and running the |
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739 hooks listed below. |
6564 | 740 @end defvar |
741 | |
742 @defvar before-revert-hook | |
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743 This normal hook is run by @code{revert-buffer} before |
6564 | 744 inserting the modified contents---but only if |
745 @code{revert-buffer-function} is @code{nil}. | |
746 @end defvar | |
747 | |
748 @defvar after-revert-hook | |
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749 This normal hook is run by @code{revert-buffer} after inserting |
6564 | 750 the modified contents---but only if @code{revert-buffer-function} is |
751 @code{nil}. | |
752 @end defvar | |
52401 | 753 |
754 @ignore | |
755 arch-tag: 295a6321-e5ab-46d5-aef5-0bb4f447a67f | |
756 @end ignore |