annotate etc/cs-survival.tex @ 43546:75dd3233021f

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author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Tue, 26 Feb 2002 02:37:58 +0000
parents 20cdea777c49
children 23a1cea22d13
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1 %
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2 % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card
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3 % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl>
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4 %
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5 % $Revision: 1.8 $
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6 % $Date: 2000/05/05 22:00:48 $
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7 %
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8 %**start of header
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9
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10 % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below
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11 %
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12 % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21}
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13 % \section{NAME}
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14 % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space
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15 % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or
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16 % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function
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17 %
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18 % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally
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19
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20 \def\plainfmtname{plain}
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21 \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname
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22 \else
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23 \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly}
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24 \endinput
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25 \fi
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26
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27 % Copyright (c) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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28
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29 % This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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30
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31 % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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32 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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33 % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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34 % any later version.
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35
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36 % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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37 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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38 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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39 % GNU General Public License for more details.
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40
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41 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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42 % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
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43 % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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44 % Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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45
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46 % Czech hyphenation rules applied
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47 \chyph
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48
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49 % Translated to Czech by Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz> in March 2001
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50
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51 % Process the file with `csplain' from the `CSTeX' distribution (included
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52 % e.g. in the TeX Live CD).
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53
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54 \def\versionnumber{1.0}
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55 \def\year{2000}
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56
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57 \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill
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58 \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter
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59 Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break
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60 Verze \versionnumber{} pro GNU Emacs 21, duben 2000\break
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61 W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl)\break
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62 Do češtiny přeložil Pavel Janík (Pavel@Janik.cz)
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63
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64 Kopie tohoto dokumentu můžete vytvářet a šířit
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65 za předpokladu, že budou obsahovat tuto poznámku
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66 o autorských právech.\par}}
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67
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68 \hsize 3.2in
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69 \vsize 7.95in
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70 \font\titlefont=csss10 scaled 1200
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71 \font\headingfont=csss10
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72 \font\smallfont=csr6
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73 \font\smallsy=cmsy6
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74 \font\eightrm=csr8
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75 \font\eightbf=csbx8
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76 \font\eightit=csti8
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77 \font\eighttt=cstt8
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78 \font\eightmi=csmi8
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79 \font\eightsy=cmsy8
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80 \font\eightss=cmss8
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81 \textfont0=\eightrm
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82 \textfont1=\eightmi
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83 \textfont2=\eightsy
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84 \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm
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85 \def\bf{\eightbf}
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86 \def\it{\eightit}
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87 \def\tt{\eighttt}
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88 \def\ss{\eightss}
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89 \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip
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90
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91 \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns
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92 \intercolumnskip=0.5in
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93
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94 % The TeXbook, p. 257
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95 \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn
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96 \output={\if L\lr
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97 \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R
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98 \else
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99 \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi}
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100 \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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101 \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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102 \makefootline}
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103 \advancepageno}
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104 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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105
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106 \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject}
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107
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108 \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject
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109 \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi
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110 \end}
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111
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112 \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex
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113 \centerline{\ss#2}
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114 \vskip2\baselineskip}
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115
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116 \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak
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117 \bskip
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118 \leftline{\headingfont #1}
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119 \askip}
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120 \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex }
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121 \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex}
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122
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123 \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize
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124 \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth}
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125
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126 \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces}
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127 \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent}
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128
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129 \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces}
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130 \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent}
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131
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132 \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= }
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133
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134 \newdimen\raggedstretch
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135 \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil
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136 \def\nohyphens
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137 {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000}
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138 \def\raggedspaces
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139 {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax
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140 \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax}
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141 \def\raggedright
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142 {\raggedstretch=6em
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143 \nohyphens
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144 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
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145 \raggedspaces
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146 \parfillskip=\raggedparfill
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147 \relax}
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148 \def\raggedcenter
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149 {\raggedstretch=6em
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150 \nohyphens
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151 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
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152 \leftskip=\rightskip
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153 \raggedspaces
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154 \parfillskip=0pt
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155 \relax}
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156
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157 \chardef\\=`\\
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158
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159 \raggedright
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160 \nopagenumbers
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161 \parindent 0pt
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162 \interlinepenalty=10000
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163 \hoffset -0.2in
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164 %\voffset 0.2in
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165
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166 %**end of header
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167
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168
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169 \title{Karta\ \ pro\ \ přežití\ \ s\ \ GNU\ \ Emacsem}{pro verzi 21}
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170
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171 V~následujícím textu \kbd{C-z} znamená: stiskněte klávesu `\kbd{z}' a
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172 současně přidržte stisknutou klávesu {\it Ctrl}. \kbd{M-z} znamená, že
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173 současně s klávesou `\kbd{z}' přidržíte klávesu {\it Meta\/} (většinou
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174 označenou {\it Alt\/}) nebo ji stisknete po stisknutí klávesy {\it Esc\/}.
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175
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176
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177 \section{Spuštění Emacsu}
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178
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179 Pro spuštění GNU Emacsu jednoduše napište jeho jméno: \kbd{emacs}.
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180 Emacs rozděluje rámec na několik částí:
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181 řádek menu,
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182 buffer s editovaným textem,
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183 tzv. mode line popisující buffer nad ní
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184 a minibuffer v poslední řádce.
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185 \askip
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186 \key{C-x C-c} ukončení Emacsu
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187 \key{C-x C-f} editace souboru; tento příkaz využívá minibuffer k přečtení
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188 jména souboru; tento příkaz použijte i tehdy, chcete-li
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189 vytvořit nový soubor zadaného jména
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190 \key{C-x C-s} uložit soubor
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191 \key{C-x k} zavřít buffer
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192 \key{C-g} ve většině situací: zastavení aktuálně prováděné činnosti,
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193 zrušení zadávání příkazu apod.
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194 \key{C-x u} obnovit
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195
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196 \section{Pohyb}
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197
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198 \key{C-l} přesun aktuální řádky do středu okna
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199 \key{C-x b} přepnutí do jiného bufferu
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200 \key{M-<} přesun na začátek bufferu
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201 \key{M->} přesun na konec bufferu
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202 \key{M-x goto-line} přesun na řádek zadaného čísla
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203
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204 \section{Více oken}
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205
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206 \key{C-x 0} odstranění aktuálního okna
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207 \key{C-x 1} aktuální okno se stane jediným oknem
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208 \key{C-x 2} rozdělení okna horizontálně
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209 \key{C-x 3} rozdělení okna vertikálně
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210 \key{C-x o} přesun do jiného okna
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211
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212 \section{Regiony}
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213
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214 Emacs definuje `region' jako prostor mezi {\it značkou\/} a
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215 {\it bodem}. Značka je nastavena pomocí \kbd{C-{\it space}}.
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216 Bod je v místě aktuální pozice kurzoru.
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217 \askip
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218 \key{M-h} označ celý odstavec
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219 \key{C-x h} označ celý buffer
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220
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221 \section{Vyjmutí a kopírování}
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222
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223 \key{C-w} vyjmi region
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224 \key{M-w} zkopíruj region do kill-ringu
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225 \key{C-k} vyjmi text od kurzoru do konce řádku
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226 \key{M-DEL} vyjmi slovo
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227 \key{C-y} vlož zpět poslední vyjmutý text (kombinace kláves \kbd{C-w C-y}
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228 může být použita pro přesuny textů)
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229 \key{M-y} nahraď poslední vložený text předchozím vyjmutým textem
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230
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231 \section{Vyhledávání}
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232
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233 \key{C-s} hledej řetězec
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234 \key{C-r} hledej řetězec zpět
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235 \key{RET} ukonči hledání
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236 \key{M-C-s} hledej regulární výraz
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237 \key{M-C-r} hledej regulární výraz zpět
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238 \askip
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239 Kombinace \kbd{C-s} nebo \kbd{C-r} můžete použít i k opakování hledání
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240 jiným směrem.
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241
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242 \section{Značky (tags)}
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243
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244 Tabulky značek (tags) zaznamenávají polohu funkcí a procedur, globálních
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245 proměnných, datových typů a dalšího. Pro vytvoření tabulky značek spusťte
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246 příkaz `{\tt etags} {\it vstupní\_soubory}' v příkazovém interpretu.
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247 \askip
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248 \key{M-.} najdi definici
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249 \key{C-u M-.} najdi další výskyt definice
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250 \key{M-*} běž tam, odkud byla volána poslední \kbd{M-.}
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251 \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} spusť query-replace na všech souborech
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252 zaznamenaných v tabulce značek.
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253 \key{M-,} pokračuj v posledním hledání značky nebo query-replace
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254
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255 \section{Překlady}
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256
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257 \key{M-x compile} přelož kód v aktivním okně
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258 \key{C-c C-c} běž na poslední chybu překladače, v okně překladu
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259 \key{C-x `} v okně se zdrojovým textem
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260
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261 \section{Dired, editor adresářů}
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262
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263 \key{C-x d} spusť Dired
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264 \key{d} označ tento soubor pro smazání
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265 \key{\~{}} označ všechny zálohy ke smazání
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266 \key{u} odstraň všechny značky pro smazání
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267 \key{x} smaž soubory označené pro smazání
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268 \key{C} kopíruj soubor
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269 \key{g} obnov buffer Diredu
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270 \key{f} navštiv soubor v aktuální řádce
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271 \key{s} přepni mezi řazením podle abecedy a data/času
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272
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273 \section{Čtení a posílání pošty}
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274
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275 \key{M-x rmail} začni číst poštu
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276 \key{q} ukonči čtení pošty
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277 \key{h} ukaž hlavičky
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278 \key{d} označ aktuální zprávu ke smazání
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279 \key{x} smaž všechny zprávy označené ke smazání
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280
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281 \key{C-x m} nová zpráva
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282 \key{C-c C-c} pošli zprávu a přepni do jiného bufferu
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283 \key{C-c C-f C-c} přesuň se na hlavičku `CC' a pokud neexistuje, tak ji
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284 vytvoř
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285
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286 \section{Různé}
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287
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288 \key{M-q} zarovnej odstavec
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289 \key{M-/} doplň dynamicky předchozí slovo
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290 \key{C-z} ikonizuj (přeruš) Emacs
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291 \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} nahraď text editovaného souboru tímtéž souborem z disku
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292
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293 \section{Nahrazování}
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294
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295 \key{M-\%} interaktivně hledej a nahrazuj
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296 \key{M-C-\%} za použití regulárních výrazů
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297 \askip
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298 Možné odpovědi v módu hledání jsou
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299 \askip
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300 \key{SPC} nahraď tento výskyt; běž na další
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301 \key{,} nahraď tento výskyt; nechoď dále
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302 \key{DEL} tento výskyt nenahrazuj a běž dál
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303 \key{!} nahraď všechny další výskyty
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304 \key{\^{}} zpět na předchozí výskyt
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305 \key{RET} ukonči query-replace
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306 \key{C-r} začni rekurzivní editaci (\kbd{M-C-c} ji ukončí)
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307
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308 \section{Regulární výrazy}
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309
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310 \key{. {\rm(tečka)}} libovolný znak kromě znaku nového řádku
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311 \key{*} žádné nebo mnoho opakování
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312 \key{+} jedno nebo mnoho opakování
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313 \key{?} žádné nebo jedno opakování
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314 \key{[$\ldots$]} označuje třídu znaků
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315 \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} neguje třídu znaků
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316
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317 \key{\\{\it c}} uvození znaku, který by měl jinak speciální význam v
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318 regulárním výrazu
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319
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320 \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} vyhovuje jedné z alternativ (\uv{nebo})
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321 \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} seskupení několika vzorků do jednoho
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322 \key{\\{\it n}} totéž jako {\it n\/}-tá skupina
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323
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324 \key{\^{}} vyhovuje na začátku řádku
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325 \key{\$} vyhovuje na konci řádku
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326
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327 \key{\\w} vyhovuje znaku, který může být součástí slova
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328 \key{\\W} vyhovuje znaku, který nemůže být součástí slova
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329 \key{\\<} vyhovuje na začátku slova
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330 \key{\\>} vyhovuje na konci slova
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331 \key{\\b} vyhovuje mezislovním mezerám
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332 \key{\\B} vyhovuje mezerám, které nejsou mezislovní
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333
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334 \section{Registry}
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335
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336 \key{C-x r s} ulož region do registru
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337 \key{C-x r i} vlož obsah registru do bufferu
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338
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339 \key{C-x r SPC} ulož aktuální pozici kurzoru do registru
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340 \key{C-x r j} skoč na pozici kurzoru uloženou v registru
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341
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342 \section{Obdélníky}
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343
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344 \key{C-x r r} zkopíruj obdélník do registru
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345 \key{C-x r k} vyjmi obdélník
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346 \key{C-x r y} vlož obdélník
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347 \key{C-x r t} uvození každého řádku řetězcem
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348
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349 \key{C-x r o} otevři obdélník, posuň text vpravo
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350 \key{C-x r c} vyprázdni obdélník
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351
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352 \section{Příkazový interpret}
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353
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354 \key{M-x shell} spusť příkazový interpret v Emacsu
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355 \key{M-!} spusť příkaz příkazového interpretu
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356 \key{M-|} spusť příkaz příkazového interpretu na region
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357 \key{C-u M-|} filtruj region přes příkaz příkazového interpretu
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358
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359 \section{Kontrola pravopisu}
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360
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361 \key{M-\$} zkontroluj pravopis slova pod kurzorem
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362 \mkey{M-x ispell-region} zkontroluj pravopis všech slov v regionu
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363 \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} zkontroluj pravopis v bufferu
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364
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365 \section{Mezinárodní znakové sady}
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366
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367 \key{C-x RET C-\\} zvol a aktivuj vstupní metodu pro aktuální buffer
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368 \key{C-\\} aktivuj nebo deaktivuj vstupní metodu
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369 \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} zobraz seznam všech vstupních metod
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370 \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specifikuj hlavní jazyk
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371
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372 \key{C-x RET c} nastav kódovací systém pro následující příkaz
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373 \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} edituj soubor bez jakýchkoli konverzí
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374
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375 \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} ukaž všechny kódovací systémy
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376 \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} zvol preferovaný kódovací systém
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377
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378 \section{Klávesová makra}
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379
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380 \key{C-x (} začni definici klávesového makra
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381 \key{C-x )} ukonči definici klávesového makra
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382 \key{C-x e} spusť naposledy definované klávesové makro
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383 \key{C-u C-x (} přidej do posledně definovaného klávesového makra
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384 \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} pojmenuj naposledy definované makro
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385
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386 \section{Jednoduché nastavení}
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387
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388 \key{M-x customize} jednoduché nastavení
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389
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390 \section{Pomoc}
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391
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392 Emacs doplňuje příkazy. Stisknete-li \kbd{M-x} {\it tab\/} nebo {\it
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393 space\/} dostanete seznam příkazů Emacsu.
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394 \askip
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395 \key{C-h} nápověda Emacsu
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396 \key{C-h t} spustí tutoriál Emacsu
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397 \key{C-h i} spustí Info, prohlížeč dokumentace
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398 \key{C-h a} ukáže příkazy vyhovující zadanému řetězci (apropos)
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399 \key{C-h k} zobrazí dokumentaci funkce spuštěné pomocí zadané klávesy
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400 \askip
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401 Emacs pracuje v různých {\it módech}, které upravují chování
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402 Emacsu pro editovaný text daného typu. Mode line obsahuje jména aktuálních
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403 módů v závorkách.
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404 \askip
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405 \key{C-h m} zobraz dokumentaci aktuálních módů.
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406
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407 \copyrightnotice
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408
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409 \bye
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410
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411 % Local variables:
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412 % compile-command: "csplain survival"
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413 % End: