Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/gnus-tut.txt @ 85144:7cbf2833ffb8
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Wed, 10 Oct 2007 20:02:07 +0000 |
parents | 713172dcf518 |
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25852 | 1 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 |
2 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
3 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
4 Subject: So you want to use the new Gnus | |
5 Message-ID: <lars-doc1@eyesore.no> | |
6 | |
7 Actually, since you are reading this, chances are you are already | |
8 using the new Gnus. Congratulations. | |
9 | |
10 This entire newsgroup you are reading is, in fact, no real newsgroup | |
11 at all, in the traditional sense. It is an example of one of the | |
12 "foreign" select methods that Gnus may use. | |
13 | |
14 The text you are now reading is stored in the "etc" directory with the | |
15 rest of the Emacs sources. You are using the "nndoc" backend for | |
16 accessing it. Scary, isn't it? | |
17 | |
18 This isn't the real documentation. `M-x info', `m gnus <RET>' to read | |
19 that. This "newsgroup" is intended as a kinder, gentler way of getting | |
20 people started. | |
21 | |
22 Gnus is a rewrite of GNUS 4.1, written by Masanobu Umeda. The rewrite | |
23 was done by moi, yours truly, your humble servant, Lars Magne | |
24 Ingebrigtsen. If you have a WWW browser, you can investigate to your | |
25 heart's delight at <URL:http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/larsi.html>. | |
26 | |
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27 ;; Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
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28 ;; 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25852 | 29 |
30 ;; Author: Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@ifi.uio.no> | |
31 ;; Keywords: news | |
32 | |
33 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
34 | |
35 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
36 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
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37 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) |
25852 | 38 ;; any later version. |
39 | |
40 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
41 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
42 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
43 ;; GNU General Public License for more details. | |
44 | |
45 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
46 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the | |
64083 | 47 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, |
48 ;; Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
25852 | 49 |
50 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
51 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
52 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
53 Subject: Starting up | |
54 Message-ID: <lars-doc2@eyesore.no> | |
55 | |
56 If you are having problems with Gnus not finding your server, you have | |
57 to set `gnus-select-method'. A "method" is a way of specifying *how* | |
58 the news is to be found, and from *where*. | |
59 | |
60 Say you want to read news from you local, friendly nntp server | |
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61 "news.my.local.server". |
25852 | 62 |
63 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.my.local.server")) | |
64 | |
65 Quite easy, huh? | |
66 | |
67 From the news spool: | |
68 | |
69 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) | |
70 | |
71 From your mh-e spool: | |
72 | |
73 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnmh "")) | |
74 | |
75 There's a whole bunch of other methods for reading mail and news, see | |
76 the "Foreign groups" article for that. | |
77 | |
78 | |
79 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
80 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
81 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
82 Subject: Where are all the groups, then? | |
83 Message-ID: <lars-doc3@eyesore.no> | |
84 | |
85 If this is the first time you have used a newsreader, you won't have a | |
86 .newsrc file. This means that Gnus will think that all the newsgroups | |
87 on the server are "new", and kill them all. | |
88 | |
89 If you have a .newsrc file, the new groups will be processed with the | |
90 function in the `gnus-subscribe-newsgroup-method' variable, which is | |
91 `gnus-subscribe-zombies' by default. | |
92 | |
93 This means that all the groups have been made into "zombies" - not | |
94 quite dead, but not exactly alive, either. | |
95 | |
96 Jump back to the *Group* buffer, and type `A z' to list all the zombie | |
97 groups. Look though the list, and subscribe to the groups you want to | |
98 read by pressing `u' on the one you think look interesting. | |
99 | |
100 If all the groups have been killed, type `A k' to list all the killed | |
101 groups. Subscribe to them the same way. | |
102 | |
103 When you are satisfied, press `S z' to kill all the zombie groups. | |
104 | |
105 Now you should have a nice list of all groups you are interested in. | |
106 | |
107 (If you later want to subscribe to more groups, press `A k' to | |
108 list all the kill groups, and repeat. You can also type `U' and be | |
109 prompted for groups to subscribe to.) | |
110 | |
111 | |
112 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
113 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
114 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
115 Subject: I want to read my mail! | |
116 Message-ID: <lars-doc4@eyesore.no> | |
117 | |
118 Yes, Virginia, you can read mail with Gnus. | |
119 | |
120 First you have to decide which mail backend you want to use. You have | |
121 nnml, which is a one-file-one-mail backend, which is quite nice, but | |
122 apt to make your systems administrator go crazy and come after you | |
123 with a shotgun. | |
124 | |
125 nnmbox uses a Unix mail box to store mail. Nice, but slow. | |
126 | |
127 nnmh uses mh-e folders, which is also a one-file-one-mail thingie, but | |
128 slower than nnml. (It doesn't support NOV files.) | |
129 | |
130 So if you want to go with nnmbox, you can simply say: | |
131 | |
132 (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnmbox ""))) | |
133 | |
134 (The same for the other methods, kind of.) | |
135 | |
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136 You should also set `nnmail-split-methods' to something sensible: |
25852 | 137 |
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138 (setq nnmail-split-methods |
25852 | 139 '(("mail.junk" "From:.*Lars") |
140 ("mail.misc ""))) | |
141 | |
142 This will put all mail from me in you junk mail group, and the rest in | |
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143 "mail.misc". |
25852 | 144 |
145 These groups will be subscribe the same way as the normal groups, so | |
146 you will probably find them among the zombie groups after you set | |
147 these variables and re-start Gnus. | |
148 | |
149 | |
150 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
151 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
152 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
153 Subject: Foreign newsgroups | |
154 Message-ID: <lars-doc5@eyesore.no> | |
155 | |
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156 These are groups that do not come from `gnus-select-method'. |
25852 | 157 |
158 Say you want to read "alt.furniture.couches" from "news.funet.fi". You | |
159 can then either type `B news.funet.fi <RET>' to browse that server and | |
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160 subscribe to that group, or you can type |
25852 | 161 `G m alt.furniture.couches<RET>nntp<RET>news.funet.fi<RET>', if you |
162 like to type a lot. | |
163 | |
164 If you want to read a directory as a newsgroup, you can create an | |
165 nndir group, much the same way. There's a shorthand for that, | |
166 though. If, for instance, you want to read the (ding) list archives, | |
167 you could type `G d /ftp <RET>'. | |
168 | |
169 There's lots more to know about foreign groups, but you have to read | |
170 the info pages to find out more. | |
171 | |
172 | |
173 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
174 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
175 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
176 Subject: Low level changes in GNUS, or, Wrong type argument: stringp, nil | |
177 Message-ID: <lars-doc6@eyesore.no> | |
178 | |
179 Gnus really isn't GNUS, even though it looks like it. If you scrape | |
180 the surface, you'll find that most things have changed. | |
181 | |
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182 This means that old code that relies on GNUS internals will fail. |
25852 | 183 |
184 In particular, `gnus-newsrc-hashtb', `gnus-newsrc-assoc', | |
185 `gnus-killed-list', the `nntp-header-' macros and the display formats | |
186 have all changed. If you have some code lying around that depend on | |
187 these, or change these, you'll have to re-write your code. | |
188 | |
189 Old hilit19 code does not work at all. In fact, you should probably | |
190 remove all hilit code from all the Gnus hooks | |
191 (`gnus-group-prepare-hook', `gnus-summary-prepare-hook' and | |
192 `gnus-summary-article-hook'). (Well, at the very least the first | |
193 two.) Gnus provides various integrated functions for highlighting, | |
194 which are both faster and more accurated. | |
195 | |
196 There is absolutely no chance, whatsoever, of getting Gnus to work | |
197 with Emacs 18. It won't even work on Emacsen older than Emacs | |
198 19.30/XEmacs 19.13. Upgrade your Emacs or die. | |
199 | |
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200 |
25852 | 201 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 |
202 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
203 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
204 Subject: How do I re-scan my mail groups? | |
205 Message-ID: <lars-doc8@eyesore.no> | |
206 | |
207 Reading the active file from the nntp server is a drag. | |
208 | |
209 Just press `M-g' on the mail groups, and they will be re-scanned. | |
210 | |
211 You can also re-scan all the mail groups by putting them on level 1 | |
212 (`S l 1'), and saying `1 g' to re-scan all level 1 groups. | |
213 | |
214 | |
215 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
216 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
217 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
218 Subject: How do I set up virtual newsgroups? | |
219 Message-ID: <lars-doc9@eyesore.no> | |
220 | |
221 Virtual newsgroups are collections of other newsgroups. Why people | |
222 want this is beyond me, but here goes: | |
223 | |
224 Create the group by saying | |
225 | |
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226 `G m my.virtual.newsgroup<RET>nnvirtual<RET>^rec\.aquaria\.*<RET>' |
25852 | 227 |
228 This will create the group "nnvirtual:my.virtual.newsgroup", which | |
229 will collect all articles from all the groups in the "rec.aquaria" | |
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230 hierarchy. |
25852 | 231 |
232 If you want to edit the regular expression, just type `M-e' on the | |
233 group line. | |
234 | |
235 Note that all the groups that are part of the virtual group have to be | |
236 alive. This means that the cannot, absolutely not, be zombie or | |
237 killed. They can be unsubscribed; that's no problem. | |
238 | |
239 You can combine groups from different servers in the same virtual | |
240 newsgroup, something that may actually be useful. Say you have the | |
241 group "comp.headers" on the server "news.server.no" and the same group | |
242 on "news.server.edu". If people have posted articles with Distribution | |
243 headers that stop propagation of their articles, combining these two | |
244 newsgroups into one virtual newsgroup should give you a better view of | |
245 what's going on. | |
246 | |
247 One caveat, though: The virtual group article numbers from the first | |
248 source group (group A) will always be lower than the article numbers | |
249 from the second (group B). This means that Gnus will believe that | |
250 articles from group A are older than articles from group B. Threading | |
251 will lessen these problems, but it might be a good idea to sort the | |
252 threads over the date of the articles to get a correct feel for the | |
253 flow of the groups: | |
254 | |
255 (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions '(gnus-thread-sort-by-date)) | |
256 | |
257 If you only want this in virtual groups, you could say something along | |
258 the lines of: | |
259 | |
260 (setq gnus-select-group-hook | |
261 (lambda () | |
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262 (if (eq 'nnvirtual (car (gnus-find-method-for-group |
25852 | 263 gnus-newsgroup-name))) |
264 (progn | |
265 (make-local-variable 'gnus-thread-sort-functions) | |
266 (setq gnus-thread-sort-functions '(gnus-thread-sort-by-date)))))) | |
267 | |
268 | |
269 From lars Thu Feb 23 23:20:38 1995 | |
270 From: larsi@ifi.uio.no (ding) | |
271 Date: Fri Feb 24 13:40:45 1995 | |
272 Subject: Bugs & stuff | |
273 Message-ID: <lars-doc7@eyesore.no> | |
274 | |
275 If you want to report a bug, please type `M-x gnus-bug'. This will | |
276 give me a precise overview of your Gnus and Emacs version numbers, | |
277 along with a look at all Gnus variables you have changed. | |
278 | |
279 Du not expect a reply back, but your bug should be fixed in the next | |
280 version. If the bug persists, please re-submit your bug report. | |
281 | |
282 When a bug occurs, I need a recipe for how to trigger the bug. You | |
283 have to tell me exactly what you do to uncover the bug, and you should | |
284 (setq debug-on-error t) and send me the backtrace along with the bug | |
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285 report. |
25852 | 286 |
287 If I am not able to reproduce the bug, I won't be able to fix it. | |
288 | |
289 I would, of course, prefer that you locate the bug, fix it, and mail | |
290 me the patches, but one can't have everything. | |
291 | |
292 If you have any questions on usage, the "ding@ifi.uio.no" mailing list | |
293 is where to post the questions. | |
294 | |
295 |