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annotate lispref/windows.texi @ 63784:7f1bb68ec043
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Sun, 26 Jun 2005 18:14:40 +0000 |
parents | 4a209946e3b1 |
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rev | line source |
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6564 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
56515 | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2004 |
27189 | 4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6564 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/windows | |
7 @node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top | |
8 @chapter Windows | |
9 | |
10 This chapter describes most of the functions and variables related to | |
11 Emacs windows. See @ref{Display}, for information on how text is | |
12 displayed in windows. | |
13 | |
14 @menu | |
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15 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows. |
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16 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows. |
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17 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows. |
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18 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in. |
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19 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows. |
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20 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer. |
54043 | 21 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-level functions for displaying a buffer |
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22 and choosing a window for it. |
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23 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer. |
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24 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point. |
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25 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text |
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26 is on-screen in the window. |
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27 * Textual Scrolling:: Moving text up and down through the window. |
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28 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving the contents up and down on the window. |
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29 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving the contents sideways on the window. |
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30 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window. |
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31 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window. |
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32 * Coordinates and Windows:: Converting coordinates to windows. |
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33 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen. |
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34 * Window Hooks:: Hooks for scrolling, window size changes, |
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35 redisplay going past a certain point, |
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36 or window configuration changes. |
6564 | 37 @end menu |
38 | |
39 @node Basic Windows | |
40 @section Basic Concepts of Emacs Windows | |
41 @cindex window | |
42 @cindex selected window | |
43 | |
12098 | 44 A @dfn{window} in Emacs is the physical area of the screen in which a |
45 buffer is displayed. The term is also used to refer to a Lisp object that | |
6564 | 46 represents that screen area in Emacs Lisp. It should be |
47 clear from the context which is meant. | |
48 | |
12098 | 49 Emacs groups windows into frames. A frame represents an area of |
50 screen available for Emacs to use. Each frame always contains at least | |
51 one window, but you can subdivide it vertically or horizontally into | |
52 multiple nonoverlapping Emacs windows. | |
6564 | 53 |
12098 | 54 In each frame, at any time, one and only one window is designated as |
55 @dfn{selected within the frame}. The frame's cursor appears in that | |
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56 window, but the other windows have ``non-selected'' cursors, normally |
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57 less visible. At any time, one frame is the selected frame; and the |
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58 window selected within that frame is @dfn{the selected window}. The |
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59 selected window's buffer is usually the current buffer (except when |
12098 | 60 @code{set-buffer} has been used). @xref{Current Buffer}. |
61 | |
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62 @defvar cursor-in-non-selected-windows |
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63 If this variable is @code{nil}, Emacs displays only one cursor, |
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64 in the selected window. Other windows have no cursor at all. |
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65 @end defvar |
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66 |
12098 | 67 For practical purposes, a window exists only while it is displayed in |
68 a frame. Once removed from the frame, the window is effectively deleted | |
69 and should not be used, @emph{even though there may still be references | |
70 to it} from other Lisp objects. Restoring a saved window configuration | |
71 is the only way for a window no longer on the screen to come back to | |
72 life. (@xref{Deleting Windows}.) | |
6564 | 73 |
74 Each window has the following attributes: | |
75 | |
76 @itemize @bullet | |
77 @item | |
78 containing frame | |
79 | |
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80 @item |
6564 | 81 window height |
82 | |
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83 @item |
6564 | 84 window width |
85 | |
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86 @item |
6564 | 87 window edges with respect to the screen or frame |
88 | |
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89 @item |
6564 | 90 the buffer it displays |
91 | |
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92 @item |
6564 | 93 position within the buffer at the upper left of the window |
94 | |
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95 @item |
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96 amount of horizontal scrolling, in columns |
6564 | 97 |
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98 @item |
6564 | 99 point |
100 | |
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101 @item |
6564 | 102 the mark |
103 | |
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104 @item |
6564 | 105 how recently the window was selected |
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106 |
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107 @item |
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108 fringe settings |
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109 |
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110 @item |
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111 display margins |
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112 |
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113 @item |
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114 scroll-bar settings |
6564 | 115 @end itemize |
116 | |
117 @cindex multiple windows | |
118 Users create multiple windows so they can look at several buffers at | |
119 once. Lisp libraries use multiple windows for a variety of reasons, but | |
12098 | 120 most often to display related information. In Rmail, for example, you |
121 can move through a summary buffer in one window while the other window | |
122 shows messages one at a time as they are reached. | |
6564 | 123 |
124 The meaning of ``window'' in Emacs is similar to what it means in the | |
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125 context of general-purpose window systems such as X, but not identical. |
12098 | 126 The X Window System places X windows on the screen; Emacs uses one or |
127 more X windows as frames, and subdivides them into | |
128 Emacs windows. When you use Emacs on a character-only terminal, Emacs | |
129 treats the whole terminal screen as one frame. | |
6564 | 130 |
131 @cindex terminal screen | |
132 @cindex screen of terminal | |
133 @cindex tiled windows | |
134 Most window systems support arbitrarily located overlapping windows. | |
135 In contrast, Emacs windows are @dfn{tiled}; they never overlap, and | |
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136 together they fill the whole screen or frame. Because of the way in |
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137 which Emacs creates new windows and resizes them, not all conceivable |
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138 tilings of windows on an Emacs frame are actually possible. |
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139 @xref{Splitting Windows}, and @ref{Size of Window}. |
6564 | 140 |
141 @xref{Display}, for information on how the contents of the | |
142 window's buffer are displayed in the window. | |
143 | |
144 @defun windowp object | |
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145 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window. |
6564 | 146 @end defun |
147 | |
148 @node Splitting Windows | |
149 @section Splitting Windows | |
150 @cindex splitting windows | |
151 @cindex window splitting | |
152 | |
153 The functions described here are the primitives used to split a window | |
154 into two windows. Two higher level functions sometimes split a window, | |
155 but not always: @code{pop-to-buffer} and @code{display-buffer} | |
156 (@pxref{Displaying Buffers}). | |
157 | |
158 The functions described here do not accept a buffer as an argument. | |
159 The two ``halves'' of the split window initially display the same buffer | |
160 previously visible in the window that was split. | |
161 | |
162 @deffn Command split-window &optional window size horizontal | |
163 This function splits @var{window} into two windows. The original | |
164 window @var{window} remains the selected window, but occupies only | |
165 part of its former screen area. The rest is occupied by a newly created | |
166 window which is returned as the value of this function. | |
167 | |
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168 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, then @var{window} splits into |
6564 | 169 two side by side windows. The original window @var{window} keeps the |
170 leftmost @var{size} columns, and gives the rest of the columns to the | |
171 new window. Otherwise, it splits into windows one above the other, and | |
172 @var{window} keeps the upper @var{size} lines and gives the rest of the | |
173 lines to the new window. The original window is therefore the | |
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174 left-hand or upper of the two, and the new window is the right-hand or |
6564 | 175 lower. |
176 | |
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177 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the selected window is |
6564 | 178 split. If @var{size} is omitted or @code{nil}, then @var{window} is |
179 divided evenly into two parts. (If there is an odd line, it is | |
180 allocated to the new window.) When @code{split-window} is called | |
181 interactively, all its arguments are @code{nil}. | |
182 | |
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183 If splitting would result in making a window that is smaller than |
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184 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, the function |
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185 signals an error and does not split the window at all. |
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186 |
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187 The following example starts with one window on a screen that is 50 |
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188 lines high by 80 columns wide; then it splits the window. |
6564 | 189 |
190 @smallexample | |
191 @group | |
192 (setq w (selected-window)) | |
193 @result{} #<window 8 on windows.texi> | |
194 (window-edges) ; @r{Edges in order:} | |
195 @result{} (0 0 80 50) ; @r{left--top--right--bottom} | |
196 @end group | |
197 | |
198 @group | |
199 ;; @r{Returns window created} | |
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200 (setq w2 (split-window w 15)) |
6564 | 201 @result{} #<window 28 on windows.texi> |
202 @end group | |
203 @group | |
204 (window-edges w2) | |
205 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window;} | |
206 ; @r{top is line 15} | |
207 @end group | |
208 @group | |
209 (window-edges w) | |
210 @result{} (0 0 80 15) ; @r{Top window} | |
211 @end group | |
212 @end smallexample | |
213 | |
214 The screen looks like this: | |
215 | |
216 @smallexample | |
217 @group | |
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218 __________ |
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219 | | line 0 |
6564 | 220 | w | |
221 |__________| | |
222 | | line 15 | |
223 | w2 | | |
224 |__________| | |
225 line 50 | |
226 column 0 column 80 | |
227 @end group | |
228 @end smallexample | |
229 | |
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230 Next, split the top window horizontally: |
6564 | 231 |
232 @smallexample | |
233 @group | |
234 (setq w3 (split-window w 35 t)) | |
235 @result{} #<window 32 on windows.texi> | |
236 @end group | |
237 @group | |
238 (window-edges w3) | |
239 @result{} (35 0 80 15) ; @r{Left edge at column 35} | |
240 @end group | |
241 @group | |
242 (window-edges w) | |
243 @result{} (0 0 35 15) ; @r{Right edge at column 35} | |
244 @end group | |
245 @group | |
246 (window-edges w2) | |
247 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window unchanged} | |
248 @end group | |
249 @end smallexample | |
250 | |
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251 @need 3000 |
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252 Now the screen looks like this: |
6564 | 253 |
254 @smallexample | |
255 @group | |
256 column 35 | |
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257 __________ |
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258 | | | line 0 |
6564 | 259 | w | w3 | |
260 |___|______| | |
261 | | line 15 | |
262 | w2 | | |
263 |__________| | |
264 line 50 | |
265 column 0 column 80 | |
266 @end group | |
267 @end smallexample | |
8926 | 268 |
269 Normally, Emacs indicates the border between two side-by-side windows | |
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270 with a scroll bar (@pxref{Window Frame Parameters,Scroll Bars}) or @samp{|} |
8926 | 271 characters. The display table can specify alternative border |
272 characters; see @ref{Display Tables}. | |
6564 | 273 @end deffn |
274 | |
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275 @deffn Command split-window-vertically &optional size |
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276 This function splits the selected window into two windows, one above the |
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277 other, leaving the upper of the two windows selected, with @var{size} |
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278 lines. (If @var{size} is negative, then the lower of the two windows |
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279 gets @minus{} @var{size} lines and the upper window gets the rest, but |
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280 the upper window is still the one selected.) However, if |
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281 @code{split-window-keep-point} (see below) is @code{nil}, then either |
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282 window can be selected. |
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283 |
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284 In other respects, this function is similar to @code{split-window}. |
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285 In particular, the upper window is the original one and the return |
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286 value is the new, lower window. |
6564 | 287 @end deffn |
288 | |
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289 @defopt split-window-keep-point |
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290 If this variable is non-@code{nil} (the default), then |
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291 @code{split-window-vertically} behaves as described above. |
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292 |
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293 If it is @code{nil}, then @code{split-window-vertically} adjusts point |
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294 in each of the two windows to avoid scrolling. (This is useful on |
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295 slow terminals.) It selects whichever window contains the screen line |
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296 that point was previously on. |
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297 |
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298 This variable only affects the behavior of @code{split-window-vertically}. |
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299 It has no effect on the other functions described here. |
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300 @end defopt |
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301 |
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302 @deffn Command split-window-horizontally &optional size |
6564 | 303 This function splits the selected window into two windows |
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304 side-by-side, leaving the selected window on the left with @var{size} |
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305 columns. If @var{size} is negative, the rightmost window gets |
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306 @minus{} @var{size} columns, but the leftmost window still remains |
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307 selected. |
6564 | 308 |
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309 This function is basically an interface to @code{split-window}. |
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310 You could define a simplified version of the function like this: |
6564 | 311 |
312 @smallexample | |
313 @group | |
314 (defun split-window-horizontally (&optional arg) | |
315 "Split selected window into two windows, side by side..." | |
316 (interactive "P") | |
26211 | 317 @end group |
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318 @group |
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319 (let ((size (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg)))) |
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320 (and size (< size 0) |
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321 (setq size (+ (window-width) size))) |
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322 (split-window nil size t))) |
6564 | 323 @end group |
324 @end smallexample | |
325 @end deffn | |
326 | |
327 @defun one-window-p &optional no-mini all-frames | |
328 This function returns non-@code{nil} if there is only one window. The | |
329 argument @var{no-mini}, if non-@code{nil}, means don't count the | |
330 minibuffer even if it is active; otherwise, the minibuffer window is | |
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331 counted when it is active. |
6564 | 332 |
333 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here | |
334 are the possible values and their meanings: | |
335 | |
336 @table @asis | |
337 @item @code{nil} | |
338 Count the windows in the selected frame, plus the minibuffer used | |
339 by that frame even if it lies in some other frame. | |
340 | |
341 @item @code{t} | |
342 Count all windows in all existing frames. | |
343 | |
344 @item @code{visible} | |
345 Count all windows in all visible frames. | |
346 | |
12098 | 347 @item 0 |
348 Count all windows in all visible or iconified frames. | |
349 | |
6564 | 350 @item anything else |
351 Count precisely the windows in the selected frame, and no others. | |
352 @end table | |
353 @end defun | |
354 | |
355 @node Deleting Windows | |
356 @section Deleting Windows | |
357 @cindex deleting windows | |
358 | |
359 A window remains visible on its frame unless you @dfn{delete} it by | |
360 calling certain functions that delete windows. A deleted window cannot | |
361 appear on the screen, but continues to exist as a Lisp object until | |
362 there are no references to it. There is no way to cancel the deletion | |
363 of a window aside from restoring a saved window configuration | |
364 (@pxref{Window Configurations}). Restoring a window configuration also | |
365 deletes any windows that aren't part of that configuration. | |
366 | |
367 When you delete a window, the space it took up is given to one | |
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368 adjacent sibling. |
6564 | 369 |
370 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
371 @defun window-live-p window | |
372 This function returns @code{nil} if @var{window} is deleted, and | |
373 @code{t} otherwise. | |
374 | |
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375 @strong{Warning:} Erroneous information or fatal errors may result from |
6564 | 376 using a deleted window as if it were live. |
377 @end defun | |
378 | |
379 @deffn Command delete-window &optional window | |
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380 This function removes @var{window} from display, and returns @code{nil}. |
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381 If @var{window} is omitted, then the selected window is deleted. An |
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382 error is signaled if there is only one window when @code{delete-window} |
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383 is called. |
6564 | 384 @end deffn |
385 | |
386 @deffn Command delete-other-windows &optional window | |
387 This function makes @var{window} the only window on its frame, by | |
388 deleting the other windows in that frame. If @var{window} is omitted or | |
389 @code{nil}, then the selected window is used by default. | |
390 | |
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391 The return value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 392 @end deffn |
393 | |
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394 @deffn Command delete-windows-on buffer-or-name &optional frame |
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395 This function deletes all windows showing @var{buffer-or-name}. If |
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396 there are no windows showing @var{buffer-or-name}, it does nothing. |
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397 @var{buffer-or-name} must be a buffer or the name of an existing |
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398 buffer. |
6564 | 399 |
400 @code{delete-windows-on} operates frame by frame. If a frame has | |
401 several windows showing different buffers, then those showing | |
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402 @var{buffer-or-name} are removed, and the others expand to fill the |
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403 space. If all windows in some frame are showing @var{buffer-or-name} |
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404 (including the case where there is only one window), then the frame |
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405 winds up with a single window showing another buffer chosen with |
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406 @code{other-buffer}. @xref{The Buffer List}. |
6564 | 407 |
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408 The argument @var{frame} controls which frames to operate on. This |
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409 function does not use it in quite the same way as the other functions |
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410 which scan all windows; specifically, the values @code{t} and @code{nil} |
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411 have the opposite of their meanings in other functions. Here are the |
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412 full details: |
6564 | 413 |
414 @itemize @bullet | |
415 @item | |
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416 If it is @code{nil}, operate on all frames. |
6564 | 417 @item |
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418 If it is @code{t}, operate on the selected frame. |
6564 | 419 @item |
420 If it is @code{visible}, operate on all visible frames. | |
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421 @item |
12098 | 422 If it is 0, operate on all visible or iconified frames. |
6564 | 423 @item |
424 If it is a frame, operate on that frame. | |
425 @end itemize | |
426 | |
427 This function always returns @code{nil}. | |
428 @end deffn | |
429 | |
430 @node Selecting Windows | |
431 @section Selecting Windows | |
432 @cindex selecting windows | |
433 | |
434 When a window is selected, the buffer in the window becomes the current | |
435 buffer, and the cursor will appear in it. | |
436 | |
437 @defun selected-window | |
438 This function returns the selected window. This is the window in | |
439 which the cursor appears and to which many commands apply. | |
440 @end defun | |
441 | |
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442 @defun select-window window &optional norecord |
6564 | 443 This function makes @var{window} the selected window. The cursor then |
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444 appears in @var{window} (on redisplay). Unless @var{window} was |
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445 already selected, @code{select-window} makes @var{window}'s buffer the |
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446 current buffer. |
6564 | 447 |
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448 Normally @var{window}'s selected buffer is moved to the front of the |
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449 buffer list, but if @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, the buffer list |
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450 order is unchanged. |
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451 |
6564 | 452 The return value is @var{window}. |
453 | |
454 @example | |
455 @group | |
456 (setq w (next-window)) | |
457 (select-window w) | |
458 @result{} #<window 65 on windows.texi> | |
459 @end group | |
460 @end example | |
461 @end defun | |
462 | |
12098 | 463 @defmac save-selected-window forms@dots{} |
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464 This macro records the selected frame, as well as the selected window |
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465 of each frame, executes @var{forms} in sequence, then restores the |
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466 earlier selected frame and windows. It also saves and restores the |
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467 current buffer. It returns the value of the last form in @var{forms}. |
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468 |
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469 This macro does not save or restore anything about the sizes, |
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470 arrangement or contents of windows; therefore, if the @var{forms} |
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471 change them, the change persists. If the previously selected window |
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472 of some frame is no longer live at the time of exit from @var{forms}, |
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473 that frame's selected window is left alone. If the previously |
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474 selected window is no longer live, then whatever window is selected at |
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475 the end of @var{forms} remains selected. |
12098 | 476 @end defmac |
477 | |
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478 @defmac with-selected-window window forms@dots{} |
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479 This macro selects @var{window} (without changing the buffer list), |
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480 executes @var{forms} in sequence, then restores the previously |
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481 selected window and current buffer. It is just like |
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482 @code{save-selected-window}, except that it explicitly selects |
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483 @var{window}, also without altering the buffer list sequence. |
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484 @end defmac |
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485 |
6564 | 486 @cindex finding windows |
487 The following functions choose one of the windows on the screen, | |
488 offering various criteria for the choice. | |
489 | |
490 @defun get-lru-window &optional frame | |
491 This function returns the window least recently ``used'' (that is, | |
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492 selected). If any full-width windows are present, it only considers |
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493 these. The selected window is always the most recently used window. |
6564 | 494 |
495 The selected window can be the least recently used window if it is the | |
496 only window. A newly created window becomes the least recently used | |
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497 window until it is selected. A minibuffer window is never a |
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498 candidate. Dedicated windows are never candidates, and if all |
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499 existing windows are dedicated, the value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 500 |
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501 The argument @var{frame} controls which windows are considered. |
6564 | 502 |
503 @itemize @bullet | |
504 @item | |
505 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. | |
506 @item | |
507 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. | |
508 @item | |
509 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. | |
510 @item | |
12098 | 511 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
512 @item | |
6564 | 513 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
514 @end itemize | |
515 @end defun | |
516 | |
517 @defun get-largest-window &optional frame | |
518 This function returns the window with the largest area (height times | |
519 width). If there are no side-by-side windows, then this is the window | |
520 with the most lines. A minibuffer window is never a candidate. | |
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521 Dedicated windows are never candidates, and if all existing windows |
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522 are dedicated, the value is @code{nil}. |
6564 | 523 |
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524 If there are two candidate windows of the same size, this function |
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525 prefers the one that comes first in the cyclic ordering of windows |
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526 (see following section), starting from the selected window. |
6564 | 527 |
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528 The argument @var{frame} controls which set of windows to |
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529 consider. See @code{get-lru-window}, above. |
6564 | 530 @end defun |
531 | |
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532 @cindex window that satisfies a predicate |
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533 @cindex conditional selection of windows |
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534 @defun get-window-with-predicate predicate &optional minibuf all-frames default |
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535 This function returns a window satisfying @var{predicate}. It cycles |
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536 through all visible windows using @code{walk-windows} (@pxref{Cyclic |
51704 | 537 Window Ordering}), calling @var{predicate} on each one of them |
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538 with that window as its argument. The function returns the first |
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539 window for which @var{predicate} returns a non-@code{nil} value; if |
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540 that never happens, it returns @var{default}. |
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541 |
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542 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the |
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543 set of windows to include in the scan. See the description of |
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544 @code{next-window} in @ref{Cyclic Window Ordering}, for details. |
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545 @end defun |
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546 |
6564 | 547 @node Cyclic Window Ordering |
548 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
549 @section Cyclic Ordering of Windows | |
550 @cindex cyclic ordering of windows | |
551 @cindex ordering of windows, cyclic | |
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552 @cindex window ordering, cyclic |
6564 | 553 |
554 When you use the command @kbd{C-x o} (@code{other-window}) to select | |
555 the next window, it moves through all the windows on the screen in a | |
556 specific cyclic order. For any given configuration of windows, this | |
557 order never varies. It is called the @dfn{cyclic ordering of windows}. | |
558 | |
559 This ordering generally goes from top to bottom, and from left to | |
560 right. But it may go down first or go right first, depending on the | |
561 order in which the windows were split. | |
562 | |
563 If the first split was vertical (into windows one above each other), | |
564 and then the subwindows were split horizontally, then the ordering is | |
565 left to right in the top of the frame, and then left to right in the | |
566 next lower part of the frame, and so on. If the first split was | |
567 horizontal, the ordering is top to bottom in the left part, and so on. | |
568 In general, within each set of siblings at any level in the window tree, | |
569 the order is left to right, or top to bottom. | |
570 | |
571 @defun next-window &optional window minibuf all-frames | |
572 @cindex minibuffer window | |
573 This function returns the window following @var{window} in the cyclic | |
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574 ordering of windows. This is the window that @kbd{C-x o} would select |
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575 if typed when @var{window} is selected. If @var{window} is the only |
6564 | 576 window visible, then this function returns @var{window}. If omitted, |
577 @var{window} defaults to the selected window. | |
578 | |
579 The value of the argument @var{minibuf} determines whether the | |
580 minibuffer is included in the window order. Normally, when | |
581 @var{minibuf} is @code{nil}, the minibuffer is included if it is | |
582 currently active; this is the behavior of @kbd{C-x o}. (The minibuffer | |
583 window is active while the minibuffer is in use. @xref{Minibuffers}.) | |
584 | |
585 If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, then the cyclic ordering includes the | |
586 minibuffer window even if it is not active. | |
587 | |
588 If @var{minibuf} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, then the minibuffer | |
589 window is not included even if it is active. | |
590 | |
591 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here | |
592 are the possible values and their meanings: | |
593 | |
594 @table @asis | |
595 @item @code{nil} | |
596 Consider all the windows in @var{window}'s frame, plus the minibuffer | |
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597 used by that frame even if it lies in some other frame. If the |
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598 minibuffer counts (as determined by @var{minibuf}), then all windows on |
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599 all frames that share that minibuffer count too. |
6564 | 600 |
601 @item @code{t} | |
602 Consider all windows in all existing frames. | |
603 | |
604 @item @code{visible} | |
605 Consider all windows in all visible frames. (To get useful results, you | |
606 must ensure @var{window} is in a visible frame.) | |
607 | |
12099 | 608 @item 0 |
12098 | 609 Consider all windows in all visible or iconified frames. |
610 | |
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611 @item a frame |
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612 Consider all windows on that frame. |
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613 |
6564 | 614 @item anything else |
615 Consider precisely the windows in @var{window}'s frame, and no others. | |
616 @end table | |
617 | |
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618 This example assumes there are two windows, both displaying the |
6564 | 619 buffer @samp{windows.texi}: |
620 | |
621 @example | |
622 @group | |
623 (selected-window) | |
624 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi> | |
625 @end group | |
626 @group | |
627 (next-window (selected-window)) | |
628 @result{} #<window 52 on windows.texi> | |
629 @end group | |
630 @group | |
631 (next-window (next-window (selected-window))) | |
632 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi> | |
633 @end group | |
634 @end example | |
635 @end defun | |
636 | |
637 @defun previous-window &optional window minibuf all-frames | |
638 This function returns the window preceding @var{window} in the cyclic | |
639 ordering of windows. The other arguments specify which windows to | |
640 include in the cycle, as in @code{next-window}. | |
641 @end defun | |
642 | |
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643 @deffn Command other-window count &optional all-frames |
6564 | 644 This function selects the @var{count}th following window in the cyclic |
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645 order. If count is negative, then it moves back @minus{}@var{count} |
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646 windows in the cycle, rather than forward. It returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 647 |
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648 The argument @var{all-frames} has the same meaning as in |
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649 @code{next-window}, but the @var{minibuf} argument of @code{next-window} |
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650 is always effectively @code{nil}. |
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651 |
6564 | 652 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument. |
653 @end deffn | |
654 | |
655 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
656 @defun walk-windows proc &optional minibuf all-frames | |
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657 This function cycles through all windows. It calls the function |
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658 @code{proc} once for each window, with the window as its sole |
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659 argument. |
6564 | 660 |
661 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the | |
662 set of windows to include in the scan. See @code{next-window}, above, | |
663 for details. | |
664 @end defun | |
665 | |
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666 @defun window-list &optional frame minibuf window |
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667 This function returns a list of the windows on @var{frame}, starting |
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668 with @var{window}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil} or omitted, |
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669 @code{window-list} uses the selected frame instead; if @var{window} is |
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670 @code{nil} or omitted, it uses the selected window. |
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671 |
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672 The value of @var{minibuf} determines if the minibuffer window is |
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673 included in the result list. If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, the result |
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674 always includes the minibuffer window. If @var{minibuf} is @code{nil} |
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675 or omitted, that includes the minibuffer window if it is active. If |
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676 @var{minibuf} is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t}, the result never |
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677 includes the minibuffer window. |
33826 | 678 @end defun |
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679 |
6564 | 680 @node Buffers and Windows |
681 @section Buffers and Windows | |
682 @cindex examining windows | |
683 @cindex windows, controlling precisely | |
684 @cindex buffers, controlled in windows | |
685 | |
686 This section describes low-level functions to examine windows or to | |
687 display buffers in windows in a precisely controlled fashion. | |
688 @iftex | |
689 See the following section for | |
690 @end iftex | |
27193 | 691 @ifnottex |
6564 | 692 @xref{Displaying Buffers}, for |
27193 | 693 @end ifnottex |
6564 | 694 related functions that find a window to use and specify a buffer for it. |
695 The functions described there are easier to use than these, but they | |
696 employ heuristics in choosing or creating a window; use these functions | |
697 when you need complete control. | |
698 | |
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699 @defun set-window-buffer window buffer-or-name &optional keep-margins |
6564 | 700 This function makes @var{window} display @var{buffer-or-name} as its |
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701 contents. It returns @code{nil}. @var{buffer-or-name} must be a |
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702 buffer, or the name of an existing buffer. This is the fundamental |
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703 primitive for changing which buffer is displayed in a window, and all |
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704 ways of doing that call this function. |
6564 | 705 |
706 @example | |
707 @group | |
708 (set-window-buffer (selected-window) "foo") | |
709 @result{} nil | |
710 @end group | |
711 @end example | |
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712 |
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713 Normally, displaying @var{buffer} in @var{window} resets the window's |
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714 display margins, fringe widths, scroll bar settings, and position |
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715 based on the local variables of @var{buffer}. However, if |
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716 @var{keep-margins} is non-@code{nil}, the display margins and fringe |
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717 widths of @var{window} remain unchanged. @xref{Fringes}. |
6564 | 718 @end defun |
719 | |
720 @defun window-buffer &optional window | |
721 This function returns the buffer that @var{window} is displaying. If | |
722 @var{window} is omitted, this function returns the buffer for the | |
723 selected window. | |
724 | |
725 @example | |
726 @group | |
727 (window-buffer) | |
728 @result{} #<buffer windows.texi> | |
729 @end group | |
730 @end example | |
731 @end defun | |
732 | |
733 @defun get-buffer-window buffer-or-name &optional all-frames | |
734 This function returns a window currently displaying | |
735 @var{buffer-or-name}, or @code{nil} if there is none. If there are | |
736 several such windows, then the function returns the first one in the | |
737 cyclic ordering of windows, starting from the selected window. | |
738 @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. | |
739 | |
740 The argument @var{all-frames} controls which windows to consider. | |
741 | |
742 @itemize @bullet | |
743 @item | |
744 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. | |
745 @item | |
746 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. | |
747 @item | |
748 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. | |
749 @item | |
12098 | 750 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
751 @item | |
6564 | 752 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
753 @end itemize | |
754 @end defun | |
755 | |
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756 @defun get-buffer-window-list buffer-or-name &optional minibuf all-frames |
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757 This function returns a list of all the windows currently displaying |
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758 @var{buffer-or-name}. |
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759 |
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760 The two optional arguments work like the optional arguments of |
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761 @code{next-window} (@pxref{Cyclic Window Ordering}); they are @emph{not} |
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762 like the single optional argument of @code{get-buffer-window}. Perhaps |
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763 we should change @code{get-buffer-window} in the future to make it |
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764 compatible with the other functions. |
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765 @end defun |
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766 |
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767 @defvar buffer-display-time |
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768 This variable records the time at which a buffer was last made visible |
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769 in a window. It is always local in each buffer; each time |
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770 @code{set-window-buffer} is called, it sets this variable to |
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771 @code{(current-time)} in the specified buffer (@pxref{Time of Day}). |
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772 When a buffer is first created, @code{buffer-display-time} starts out |
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773 with the value @code{nil}. |
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774 @end defvar |
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775 |
6564 | 776 @node Displaying Buffers |
777 @section Displaying Buffers in Windows | |
778 @cindex switching to a buffer | |
779 @cindex displaying a buffer | |
780 | |
781 In this section we describe convenient functions that choose a window | |
782 automatically and use it to display a specified buffer. These functions | |
783 can also split an existing window in certain circumstances. We also | |
784 describe variables that parameterize the heuristics used for choosing a | |
785 window. | |
786 @iftex | |
787 See the preceding section for | |
788 @end iftex | |
27193 | 789 @ifnottex |
6564 | 790 @xref{Buffers and Windows}, for |
27193 | 791 @end ifnottex |
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792 low-level functions that give you more precise control. All of these |
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793 functions work by calling @code{set-window-buffer}. |
6564 | 794 |
795 Do not use the functions in this section in order to make a buffer | |
796 current so that a Lisp program can access or modify it; they are too | |
797 drastic for that purpose, since they change the display of buffers in | |
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798 windows, which would be gratuitous and surprise the user. Instead, use |
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799 @code{set-buffer} and @code{save-current-buffer} (@pxref{Current |
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800 Buffer}), which designate buffers as current for programmed access |
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801 without affecting the display of buffers in windows. |
6564 | 802 |
803 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional norecord | |
804 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer, and also | |
805 displays the buffer in the selected window. This means that a human can | |
806 see the buffer and subsequent keyboard commands will apply to it. | |
807 Contrast this with @code{set-buffer}, which makes @var{buffer-or-name} | |
808 the current buffer but does not display it in the selected window. | |
809 @xref{Current Buffer}. | |
810 | |
12067 | 811 If @var{buffer-or-name} does not identify an existing buffer, then a new |
812 buffer by that name is created. The major mode for the new buffer is | |
813 set according to the variable @code{default-major-mode}. @xref{Auto | |
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814 Major Mode}. If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, |
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815 @code{switch-to-buffer} chooses a buffer using @code{other-buffer}. |
6564 | 816 |
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817 Normally the specified buffer is put at the front of the buffer list |
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818 (both the selected frame's buffer list and the frame-independent buffer |
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819 list). This affects the operation of @code{other-buffer}. However, if |
6564 | 820 @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, this is not done. @xref{The Buffer |
821 List}. | |
822 | |
823 The @code{switch-to-buffer} function is often used interactively, as | |
824 the binding of @kbd{C-x b}. It is also used frequently in programs. It | |
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825 returns the buffer that it switched to. |
6564 | 826 @end deffn |
827 | |
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828 The next two functions are similar to @code{switch-to-buffer}, except |
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829 for the described features. |
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830 |
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831 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer-or-name &optional norecord |
6564 | 832 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and |
833 displays it in a window not currently selected. It then selects that | |
834 window. The handling of the buffer is the same as in | |
835 @code{switch-to-buffer}. | |
836 | |
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837 The currently selected window is absolutely never used to do the job. |
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838 If it is the only window, then it is split to make a distinct window for |
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839 this purpose. If the selected window is already displaying the buffer, |
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840 then it continues to do so, but another window is nonetheless found to |
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841 display it in as well. |
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842 |
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843 This function updates the buffer list just like @code{switch-to-buffer} |
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844 unless @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}. |
6564 | 845 @end deffn |
846 | |
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847 @defun pop-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional other-window norecord |
6564 | 848 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and |
849 switches to it in some window, preferably not the window previously | |
850 selected. The ``popped-to'' window becomes the selected window within | |
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851 its frame. The return value is the buffer that was switched to. |
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852 If @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, that means to choose some |
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853 other buffer, but you don't specify which. |
6564 | 854 |
855 If the variable @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}, | |
856 @code{pop-to-buffer} looks for a window in any visible frame already | |
857 displaying the buffer; if there is one, it returns that window and makes | |
858 it be selected within its frame. If there is none, it creates a new | |
859 frame and displays the buffer in it. | |
860 | |
861 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{pop-to-buffer} | |
862 operates entirely within the selected frame. (If the selected frame has | |
863 just a minibuffer, @code{pop-to-buffer} operates within the most | |
864 recently selected frame that was not just a minibuffer.) | |
865 | |
866 If the variable @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}, windows may | |
867 be split to create a new window that is different from the original | |
868 window. For details, see @ref{Choosing Window}. | |
869 | |
870 If @var{other-window} is non-@code{nil}, @code{pop-to-buffer} finds or | |
871 creates another window even if @var{buffer-or-name} is already visible | |
872 in the selected window. Thus @var{buffer-or-name} could end up | |
873 displayed in two windows. On the other hand, if @var{buffer-or-name} is | |
874 already displayed in the selected window and @var{other-window} is | |
875 @code{nil}, then the selected window is considered sufficient display | |
876 for @var{buffer-or-name}, so that nothing needs to be done. | |
877 | |
12098 | 878 All the variables that affect @code{display-buffer} affect |
879 @code{pop-to-buffer} as well. @xref{Choosing Window}. | |
880 | |
6564 | 881 If @var{buffer-or-name} is a string that does not name an existing |
12067 | 882 buffer, a buffer by that name is created. The major mode for the new |
883 buffer is set according to the variable @code{default-major-mode}. | |
884 @xref{Auto Major Mode}. | |
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885 |
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886 This function updates the buffer list just like @code{switch-to-buffer} |
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887 unless @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}. |
6564 | 888 @end defun |
889 | |
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890 @deffn Command replace-buffer-in-windows buffer-or-name |
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891 This function replaces @var{buffer-or-name} with some other buffer in all |
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892 windows displaying it. It chooses the other buffer with |
12098 | 893 @code{other-buffer}. In the usual applications of this function, you |
894 don't care which other buffer is used; you just want to make sure that | |
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895 @var{buffer-or-name} is no longer displayed. |
12098 | 896 |
897 This function returns @code{nil}. | |
898 @end deffn | |
899 | |
6564 | 900 @node Choosing Window |
901 @section Choosing a Window for Display | |
902 | |
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903 This section describes the basic facility that chooses a window to |
6564 | 904 display a buffer in---@code{display-buffer}. All the higher-level |
905 functions and commands use this subroutine. Here we describe how to use | |
906 @code{display-buffer} and how to customize it. | |
907 | |
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908 @deffn Command display-buffer buffer-or-name &optional not-this-window frame |
6564 | 909 This command makes @var{buffer-or-name} appear in some window, like |
910 @code{pop-to-buffer}, but it does not select that window and does not | |
911 make the buffer current. The identity of the selected window is | |
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912 unaltered by this function. @var{buffer-or-name} must be a buffer, or |
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913 the name of an existing buffer. |
6564 | 914 |
915 If @var{not-this-window} is non-@code{nil}, it means to display the | |
916 specified buffer in a window other than the selected one, even if it is | |
917 already on display in the selected window. This can cause the buffer to | |
918 appear in two windows at once. Otherwise, if @var{buffer-or-name} is | |
919 already being displayed in any window, that is good enough, so this | |
920 function does nothing. | |
921 | |
922 @code{display-buffer} returns the window chosen to display | |
923 @var{buffer-or-name}. | |
924 | |
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925 If the argument @var{frame} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies which frames |
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926 to check when deciding whether the buffer is already displayed. If the |
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927 buffer is already displayed in some window on one of these frames, |
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928 @code{display-buffer} simply returns that window. Here are the possible |
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929 values of @var{frame}: |
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930 |
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931 @itemize @bullet |
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932 @item |
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933 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame. |
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934 (Actually, the last non-minibuffer frame.) |
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935 @item |
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936 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames. |
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937 @item |
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938 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames. |
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939 @item |
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940 If it is 0, consider windows on all visible or iconified frames. |
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941 @item |
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942 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame. |
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943 @end itemize |
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944 |
6564 | 945 Precisely how @code{display-buffer} finds or creates a window depends on |
946 the variables described below. | |
947 @end deffn | |
948 | |
30665 | 949 @defopt display-buffer-reuse-frames |
950 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} searches | |
951 existing frames for a window displaying the buffer. If the buffer is | |
952 already displayed in a window in some frame, @code{display-buffer} makes | |
953 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. If the buffer is | |
954 not already displayed, or if @code{display-buffer-reuse-frames} is | |
955 @code{nil}, @code{display-buffer}'s behavior is determined by other | |
956 variables, described below. | |
957 @end defopt | |
958 | |
6564 | 959 @defopt pop-up-windows |
960 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new windows. | |
961 If it is non-@code{nil} and there is only one window, then that window | |
962 is split. If it is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} does not | |
963 split the single window, but uses it whole. | |
964 @end defopt | |
965 | |
966 @defopt split-height-threshold | |
967 This variable determines when @code{display-buffer} may split a window, | |
968 if there are multiple windows. @code{display-buffer} always splits the | |
969 largest window if it has at least this many lines. If the largest | |
970 window is not this tall, it is split only if it is the sole window and | |
971 @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}. | |
972 @end defopt | |
973 | |
34269 | 974 @defopt even-window-heights |
975 This variable determines if @code{display-buffer} should even out window | |
976 heights if the buffer gets displayed in an existing window, above or | |
977 beneath another existing window. If @code{even-window-heights} is | |
978 @code{t}, the default, window heights will be evened out. If | |
48700 | 979 @code{even-window-heights} is @code{nil}, the original window heights |
34269 | 980 will be left alone. |
34307 | 981 @end defopt |
34269 | 982 |
6564 | 983 @c Emacs 19 feature |
984 @defopt pop-up-frames | |
985 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new frames. | |
986 If it is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} looks for an existing | |
987 window already displaying the desired buffer, on any visible frame. If | |
988 it finds one, it returns that window. Otherwise it makes a new frame. | |
989 The variables @code{pop-up-windows} and @code{split-height-threshold} do | |
990 not matter if @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}. | |
991 | |
992 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} either | |
993 splits a window or reuses one. | |
994 | |
995 @xref{Frames}, for more information. | |
996 @end defopt | |
997 | |
998 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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999 @defopt pop-up-frame-function |
6564 | 1000 This variable specifies how to make a new frame if @code{pop-up-frames} |
1001 is non-@code{nil}. | |
1002 | |
1003 Its value should be a function of no arguments. When | |
1004 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame, it does so by calling that | |
1005 function, which should return a frame. The default value of the | |
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1006 variable is a function that creates a frame using parameters from |
6564 | 1007 @code{pop-up-frame-alist}. |
52849 | 1008 @end defopt |
6564 | 1009 |
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1010 @defopt pop-up-frame-alist |
6564 | 1011 This variable holds an alist specifying frame parameters used when |
1012 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame. @xref{Frame Parameters}, for | |
1013 more information about frame parameters. | |
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1014 @end defopt |
6564 | 1015 |
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1016 @defopt special-display-buffer-names |
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1017 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed specially. |
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1018 If the buffer's name is in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the |
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1019 buffer specially. |
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1020 |
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1021 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame. |
12098 | 1022 |
1023 If an element is a list, instead of a string, then the @sc{car} of the | |
49961
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1024 list is the buffer name, and the rest of the list says how to create |
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|
1025 the frame. There are two possibilities for the rest of the list (its |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1026 @sc{cdr}). It can be an alist, specifying frame parameters, or it can |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1027 contain a function and arguments to give to it. (The function's first |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1028 argument is always the buffer to be displayed; the arguments from the |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1029 list come after that.) |
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1030 |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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1031 For example: |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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1032 |
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|
1033 @example |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1034 (("myfile" (minibuffer) (menu-bar-lines . 0))) |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1035 @end example |
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1036 |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1037 @noindent |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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1038 specifies to display a buffer named @samp{myfile} in a dedicated frame |
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Give example of using special-display-buffer-names to specify frame parameters.
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|
1039 with specified @code{minibuffer} and @code{menu-bar-lines} parameters. |
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1040 |
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1041 The list of frame parameters can also use the phony frame parameters |
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1042 @code{same-frame} and @code{same-window}. If the specified frame |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1043 parameters include @code{(same-window . @var{value})} and @var{value} |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1044 is non-@code{nil}, that means to display the buffer in the current |
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(Basic Windows): A window has fringe settings,
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1045 selected window. Otherwise, if they include @code{(same-frame . |
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|
1046 @var{value})} and @var{value} is non-@code{nil}, that means to display |
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|
1047 the buffer in a new window in the currently selected frame. |
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1048 @end defopt |
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1049 |
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1050 @defopt special-display-regexps |
7082
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1051 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be |
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1052 displayed specially. If the buffer's name matches any of the regular |
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1053 expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer |
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1054 specially. |
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1055 |
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1056 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame. |
12098 | 1057 |
1058 If an element is a list, instead of a string, then the @sc{car} of the | |
1059 list is the regular expression, and the rest of the list says how to | |
1060 create the frame. See above, under @code{special-display-buffer-names}. | |
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1061 @end defopt |
7082
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1062 |
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1063 @defun special-display-p buffer-name |
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1064 This function returns non-@code{nil} if displaying a buffer |
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1065 named @var{buffer-name} with @code{display-buffer} would |
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1066 create a special frame. The value is @code{t} if it would |
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1067 use the default frame parameters, or else the specified list |
53437
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1068 of frame parameters. |
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1069 @end defun |
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1070 |
7082
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1071 @defvar special-display-function |
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1072 This variable holds the function to call to display a buffer specially. |
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1073 It receives the buffer as an argument, and should return the window in |
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1074 which it is displayed. |
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1075 |
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1076 The default value of this variable is |
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1077 @code{special-display-popup-frame}. |
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1078 @end defvar |
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1079 |
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1080 @defun special-display-popup-frame buffer &optional args |
7082
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1081 This function makes @var{buffer} visible in a frame of its own. If |
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1082 @var{buffer} is already displayed in a window in some frame, it makes |
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1083 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. Otherwise, it |
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|
1084 creates a frame that will be dedicated to @var{buffer}. This |
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Various changes in addition to:
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|
1085 function returns the window it used. |
8491
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1086 |
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1087 If @var{args} is an alist, it specifies frame parameters for the new |
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1088 frame. |
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1089 |
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1090 If @var{args} is a list whose @sc{car} is a symbol, then @code{(car |
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1091 @var{args})} is called as a function to actually create and set up the |
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1092 frame; it is called with @var{buffer} as first argument, and @code{(cdr |
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1093 @var{args})} as additional arguments. |
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1094 |
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1095 This function always uses an existing window displaying @var{buffer}, |
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1096 whether or not it is in a frame of its own; but if you set up the above |
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1097 variables in your init file, before @var{buffer} was created, then |
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1098 presumably the window was previously made by this function. |
7082
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1099 @end defun |
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1100 |
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1101 @defopt special-display-frame-alist |
56515 | 1102 @anchor{Definition of special-display-frame-alist} |
7082
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1103 This variable holds frame parameters for |
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1104 @code{special-display-popup-frame} to use when it creates a frame. |
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1105 @end defopt |
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1106 |
12673
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|
1107 @defopt same-window-buffer-names |
12098 | 1108 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed in the |
1109 selected window. If the buffer's name is in this list, | |
1110 @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer by switching to it in the | |
1111 selected window. | |
12673
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Use defopt for same-window-buffer-names and same-window-regexps.
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|
1112 @end defopt |
12098 | 1113 |
12673
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|
1114 @defopt same-window-regexps |
12098 | 1115 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be |
1116 displayed in the selected window. If the buffer's name matches any of | |
1117 the regular expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the | |
1118 buffer by switching to it in the selected window. | |
12673
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1119 @end defopt |
12098 | 1120 |
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|
1121 @defun same-window-p buffer-name |
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1122 This function returns @code{t} if displaying a buffer |
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|
1123 named @var{buffer-name} with @code{display-buffer} would |
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|
1124 put it in the selected window. |
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|
1125 @end defun |
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1126 |
6564 | 1127 @c Emacs 19 feature |
1128 @defvar display-buffer-function | |
1129 This variable is the most flexible way to customize the behavior of | |
1130 @code{display-buffer}. If it is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function | |
1131 that @code{display-buffer} calls to do the work. The function should | |
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1132 accept two arguments, the first two arguments that @code{display-buffer} |
6564 | 1133 received. It should choose or create a window, display the specified |
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|
1134 buffer in it, and then return the window. |
6564 | 1135 |
1136 This hook takes precedence over all the other options and hooks | |
1137 described above. | |
1138 @end defvar | |
1139 | |
1140 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1141 @cindex dedicated window | |
1142 A window can be marked as ``dedicated'' to its buffer. Then | |
21682
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1143 @code{display-buffer} will not try to use that window to display any |
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1144 other buffer. |
6564 | 1145 |
1146 @defun window-dedicated-p window | |
52846
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1147 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{window} is marked as |
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1148 dedicated; otherwise @code{nil}. |
6564 | 1149 @end defun |
1150 | |
1151 @defun set-window-dedicated-p window flag | |
1152 This function marks @var{window} as dedicated if @var{flag} is | |
1153 non-@code{nil}, and nondedicated otherwise. | |
1154 @end defun | |
1155 | |
1156 @node Window Point | |
1157 @section Windows and Point | |
1158 @cindex window position | |
1159 @cindex window point | |
1160 @cindex position in window | |
1161 @cindex point in window | |
1162 | |
1163 Each window has its own value of point, independent of the value of | |
1164 point in other windows displaying the same buffer. This makes it useful | |
1165 to have multiple windows showing one buffer. | |
1166 | |
1167 @itemize @bullet | |
1168 @item | |
1169 The window point is established when a window is first created; it is | |
1170 initialized from the buffer's point, or from the window point of another | |
1171 window opened on the buffer if such a window exists. | |
1172 | |
1173 @item | |
21007
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1174 Selecting a window sets the value of point in its buffer from the |
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1175 window's value of point. Conversely, deselecting a window sets the |
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1176 window's value of point from that of the buffer. Thus, when you switch |
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1177 between windows that display a given buffer, the point value for the |
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1178 selected window is in effect in the buffer, while the point values for |
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1179 the other windows are stored in those windows. |
6564 | 1180 |
1181 @item | |
1182 As long as the selected window displays the current buffer, the window's | |
1183 point and the buffer's point always move together; they remain equal. | |
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1184 @end itemize |
6564 | 1185 |
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1186 @noindent |
6564 | 1187 @xref{Positions}, for more details on buffer positions. |
1188 | |
1189 As far as the user is concerned, point is where the cursor is, and | |
1190 when the user switches to another buffer, the cursor jumps to the | |
1191 position of point in that buffer. | |
1192 | |
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1193 @defun window-point &optional window |
6564 | 1194 This function returns the current position of point in @var{window}. |
1195 For a nonselected window, this is the value point would have (in that | |
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1196 window's buffer) if that window were selected. If @var{window} is |
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1197 @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
6564 | 1198 |
1199 When @var{window} is the selected window and its buffer is also the | |
1200 current buffer, the value returned is the same as point in that buffer. | |
1201 | |
1202 Strictly speaking, it would be more correct to return the | |
1203 ``top-level'' value of point, outside of any @code{save-excursion} | |
1204 forms. But that value is hard to find. | |
1205 @end defun | |
1206 | |
1207 @defun set-window-point window position | |
1208 This function positions point in @var{window} at position | |
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1209 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}. |
6564 | 1210 @end defun |
1211 | |
1212 @node Window Start | |
1213 @section The Window Start Position | |
1214 | |
1215 Each window contains a marker used to keep track of a buffer position | |
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1216 that specifies where in the buffer display should start. This position |
6564 | 1217 is called the @dfn{display-start} position of the window (or just the |
1218 @dfn{start}). The character after this position is the one that appears | |
1219 at the upper left corner of the window. It is usually, but not | |
1220 inevitably, at the beginning of a text line. | |
1221 | |
1222 @defun window-start &optional window | |
1223 @cindex window top line | |
1224 This function returns the display-start position of window | |
1225 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is | |
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1226 used. For example, |
6564 | 1227 |
1228 @example | |
1229 @group | |
1230 (window-start) | |
1231 @result{} 7058 | |
1232 @end group | |
1233 @end example | |
1234 | |
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1235 When you create a window, or display a different buffer in it, the |
6564 | 1236 display-start position is set to a display-start position recently used |
1237 for the same buffer, or 1 if the buffer doesn't have any. | |
1238 | |
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1239 Redisplay updates the window-start position (if you have not specified |
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1240 it explicitly since the previous redisplay)---for example, to make sure |
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1241 point appears on the screen. Nothing except redisplay automatically |
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1242 changes the window-start position; if you move point, do not expect the |
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1243 window-start position to change in response until after the next |
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1244 redisplay. |
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1245 |
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1246 For a realistic example of using @code{window-start}, see the |
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1247 description of @code{count-lines}. @xref{Definition of count-lines}. |
6564 | 1248 @end defun |
1249 | |
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1250 @defun window-end &optional window update |
6564 | 1251 This function returns the position of the end of the display in window |
1252 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is | |
1253 used. | |
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1254 |
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1255 Simply changing the buffer text or moving point does not update the |
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1256 value that @code{window-end} returns. The value is updated only when |
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1257 Emacs redisplays and redisplay completes without being preempted. |
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1258 |
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1259 If the last redisplay of @var{window} was preempted, and did not finish, |
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1260 Emacs does not know the position of the end of display in that window. |
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1261 In that case, this function returns @code{nil}. |
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1262 |
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1263 If @var{update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{window-end} always returns an |
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1264 up-to-date value for where the window ends, based on the current |
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1265 @code{window-start} value. If the saved value is valid, |
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1266 @code{window-end} returns that; otherwise it computes the correct |
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1267 value by scanning the buffer text. |
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1268 |
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1269 Even if @var{update} is non-@code{nil}, @code{window-end} does not |
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1270 attempt to scroll the display if point has moved off the screen, the |
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1271 way real redisplay would do. It does not alter the |
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1272 @code{window-start} value. In effect, it reports where the displayed |
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1273 text will end if scrolling is not required. |
6564 | 1274 @end defun |
1275 | |
1276 @defun set-window-start window position &optional noforce | |
1277 This function sets the display-start position of @var{window} to | |
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1278 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}. |
6564 | 1279 |
1280 The display routines insist that the position of point be visible when a | |
1281 buffer is displayed. Normally, they change the display-start position | |
1282 (that is, scroll the window) whenever necessary to make point visible. | |
1283 However, if you specify the start position with this function using | |
1284 @code{nil} for @var{noforce}, it means you want display to start at | |
1285 @var{position} even if that would put the location of point off the | |
1286 screen. If this does place point off screen, the display routines move | |
1287 point to the left margin on the middle line in the window. | |
1288 | |
1289 For example, if point @w{is 1} and you set the start of the window @w{to | |
1290 2}, then point would be ``above'' the top of the window. The display | |
1291 routines will automatically move point if it is still 1 when redisplay | |
1292 occurs. Here is an example: | |
1293 | |
1294 @example | |
1295 @group | |
1296 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like before executing} | |
1297 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.} | |
1298 @end group | |
1299 | |
1300 @group | |
1301 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1302 @point{}This is the contents of buffer foo. | |
1303 2 | |
1304 3 | |
1305 4 | |
1306 5 | |
1307 6 | |
1308 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1309 @end group | |
1310 | |
1311 @group | |
1312 (set-window-start | |
1313 (selected-window) | |
1314 (1+ (window-start))) | |
1315 @result{} 2 | |
1316 @end group | |
1317 | |
1318 @group | |
1319 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like after executing} | |
1320 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.} | |
1321 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1322 his is the contents of buffer foo. | |
1323 2 | |
1324 3 | |
1325 @point{}4 | |
1326 5 | |
1327 6 | |
1328 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1329 @end group | |
1330 @end example | |
1331 | |
1332 If @var{noforce} is non-@code{nil}, and @var{position} would place point | |
1333 off screen at the next redisplay, then redisplay computes a new window-start | |
1334 position that works well with point, and thus @var{position} is not used. | |
1335 @end defun | |
1336 | |
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1337 @defun pos-visible-in-window-p &optional position window partially |
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1338 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{position} is within the |
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1339 range of text currently visible on the screen in @var{window}. It |
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1340 returns @code{nil} if @var{position} is scrolled vertically out of |
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1341 view. Locations that are partially obscured are not considered |
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1342 visible unless @var{partially} is non-@code{nil}. The argument |
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1343 @var{position} defaults to the current position of point in |
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1344 @var{window}; @var{window}, to the selected window. |
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1345 |
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1346 The @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} function considers only vertical |
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1347 scrolling. If @var{position} is out of view only because @var{window} |
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1348 has been scrolled horizontally, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns |
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1349 non-@code{nil} anyway. @xref{Horizontal Scrolling}. |
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1350 |
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1351 If @var{position} is visible, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns |
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1352 @code{t} if @var{partially} is @code{nil}; if @var{partially} is |
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1353 non-@code{nil}, it returns a list of the form @code{(@var{x} @var{y} |
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1354 @var{partial})}, where @var{x} and @var{y} are the pixel coordinates |
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1355 relative to the top left corner of the window, and @var{partial} is |
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1356 @code{nil} if the character after @var{position} is fully visible; |
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1357 otherwise it is a cons @code{(@var{rtop} . @var{rbot})} where the |
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1358 @var{rtop} and @var{rbot} specify the number of invisible pixels at |
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1359 the top and bottom of the row at @var{position}. |
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1360 |
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1361 Here is an example: |
6564 | 1362 |
1363 @example | |
1364 @group | |
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1365 ;; @r{If point is off the screen now, recenter it now.} |
6564 | 1366 (or (pos-visible-in-window-p |
1367 (point) (selected-window)) | |
1368 (recenter 0)) | |
1369 @end group | |
1370 @end example | |
1371 @end defun | |
1372 | |
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1373 @node Textual Scrolling |
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1374 @section Textual Scrolling |
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1375 @cindex textual scrolling |
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1376 @cindex scrolling textually |
6564 | 1377 |
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1378 @dfn{Textual scrolling} means moving the text up or down through a |
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1379 window. It works by changing the value of the window's display-start |
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1380 location. It may also change the value of @code{window-point} to keep |
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1381 point on the screen. |
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1382 |
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1383 Textual scrolling was formerly called ``vertical scrolling,'' but we |
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1384 changed its name to distinguish it from the new vertical fractional |
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1385 scrolling feature (@pxref{Vertical Scrolling}). |
6564 | 1386 |
1387 In the commands @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down}, the directions | |
1388 ``up'' and ``down'' refer to the motion of the text in the buffer at which | |
1389 you are looking through the window. Imagine that the text is | |
1390 written on a long roll of paper and that the scrolling commands move the | |
1391 paper up and down. Thus, if you are looking at text in the middle of a | |
1392 buffer and repeatedly call @code{scroll-down}, you will eventually see | |
1393 the beginning of the buffer. | |
1394 | |
1395 Some people have urged that the opposite convention be used: they | |
1396 imagine that the window moves over text that remains in place. Then | |
1397 ``down'' commands would take you to the end of the buffer. This view is | |
1398 more consistent with the actual relationship between windows and the | |
1399 text in the buffer, but it is less like what the user sees. The | |
1400 position of a window on the terminal does not move, and short scrolling | |
1401 commands clearly move the text up or down on the screen. We have chosen | |
1402 names that fit the user's point of view. | |
1403 | |
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1404 The textual scrolling functions (aside from |
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1405 @code{scroll-other-window}) have unpredictable results if the current |
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1406 buffer is different from the buffer that is displayed in the selected |
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1407 window. @xref{Current Buffer}. |
6564 | 1408 |
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1409 If the window contains a row which is taller than the height of the |
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1410 window (for example in the presense of a large image), the scroll |
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1411 functions will adjust the window vscroll to scroll the partially |
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1412 visible row. To disable this feature, Lisp code may bind the variable |
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1413 `auto-window-vscroll' to @code{nil} (@pxref{Vertical Scrolling}). |
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1414 |
6564 | 1415 @deffn Command scroll-up &optional count |
1416 This function scrolls the text in the selected window upward | |
1417 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually | |
1418 downward. | |
1419 | |
1420 If @var{count} is @code{nil} (or omitted), then the length of scroll | |
1421 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of | |
1422 the window (not counting its mode line). | |
1423 | |
52846
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1424 @code{scroll-up} returns @code{nil}, unless it gets an error |
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1425 because it can't scroll any further. |
6564 | 1426 @end deffn |
1427 | |
1428 @deffn Command scroll-down &optional count | |
1429 This function scrolls the text in the selected window downward | |
1430 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually | |
1431 upward. | |
1432 | |
1433 If @var{count} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the length of the scroll | |
1434 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of | |
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1435 the window (not counting its mode line). |
6564 | 1436 |
52846
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1437 @code{scroll-down} returns @code{nil}, unless it gets an error because |
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1438 it can't scroll any further. |
6564 | 1439 @end deffn |
1440 | |
1441 @deffn Command scroll-other-window &optional count | |
1442 This function scrolls the text in another window upward @var{count} | |
1443 lines. Negative values of @var{count}, or @code{nil}, are handled | |
1444 as in @code{scroll-up}. | |
1445 | |
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1446 You can specify which buffer to scroll by setting the variable |
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1447 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer} to a buffer. If that buffer isn't |
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1448 already displayed, @code{scroll-other-window} displays it in some |
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1449 window. |
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1450 |
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1451 When the selected window is the minibuffer, the next window is normally |
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1452 the one at the top left corner. You can specify a different window to |
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1453 scroll, when the minibuffer is selected, by setting the variable |
6564 | 1454 @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. This variable has no effect when any |
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1455 other window is selected. When it is non-@code{nil} and the |
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1456 minibuffer is selected, it takes precedence over |
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1457 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer}. @xref{Definition of |
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1458 minibuffer-scroll-window}. |
6564 | 1459 |
1460 When the minibuffer is active, it is the next window if the selected | |
1461 window is the one at the bottom right corner. In this case, | |
1462 @code{scroll-other-window} attempts to scroll the minibuffer. If the | |
1463 minibuffer contains just one line, it has nowhere to scroll to, so the | |
1464 line reappears after the echo area momentarily displays the message | |
1465 ``Beginning of buffer''. | |
1466 @end deffn | |
1467 | |
1468 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1469 @defvar other-window-scroll-buffer | |
1470 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it tells @code{scroll-other-window} | |
1471 which buffer to scroll. | |
1472 @end defvar | |
1473 | |
22252
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1474 @defopt scroll-margin |
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1475 This option specifies the size of the scroll margin---a minimum number |
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1476 of lines between point and the top or bottom of a window. Whenever |
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1477 point gets within this many lines of the top or bottom of the window, |
42985 | 1478 redisplay scrolls the text automatically (if possible) to move point |
1479 out of the margin, closer to the center of the window. | |
22252
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1480 @end defopt |
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1481 |
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1482 @defopt scroll-conservatively |
6564 | 1483 This variable controls how scrolling is done automatically when point |
42985 | 1484 moves off the screen (or into the scroll margin). If the value is a |
1485 positive integer @var{n}, then redisplay scrolls the text up to | |
1486 @var{n} lines in either direction, if that will bring point back into | |
1487 proper view. This action is called @dfn{conservative scrolling}. | |
1488 Otherwise, scrolling happens in the usual way, under the control of | |
1489 other variables such as @code{scroll-up-aggressively} and | |
1490 @code{scroll-down-aggressively}. | |
1491 | |
1492 The default value is zero, which means that conservative scrolling | |
1493 never happens. | |
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1494 @end defopt |
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1495 |
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1496 @defopt scroll-down-aggressively |
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1497 @tindex scroll-down-aggressively |
26210 | 1498 The value of this variable should be either @code{nil} or a fraction |
1499 @var{f} between 0 and 1. If it is a fraction, that specifies where on | |
42983
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1500 the screen to put point when scrolling down. More precisely, when a |
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1501 window scrolls down because point is above the window start, the new |
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1502 start position is chosen to put point @var{f} part of the window |
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1503 height from the top. The larger @var{f}, the more aggressive the |
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1504 scrolling. |
26210 | 1505 |
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1506 A value of @code{nil} is equivalent to .5, since its effect is to center |
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1507 point. This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any |
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1508 fashion. |
26210 | 1509 @end defopt |
1510 | |
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1511 @defopt scroll-up-aggressively |
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1512 @tindex scroll-up-aggressively |
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1513 Likewise, for scrolling up. The value, @var{f}, specifies how far |
26210 | 1514 point should be placed from the bottom of the window; thus, as with |
1515 @code{scroll-up-aggressively}, a larger value scrolls more aggressively. | |
1516 @end defopt | |
1517 | |
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1518 @defopt scroll-step |
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1519 This variable is an older variant of @code{scroll-conservatively}. The |
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1520 difference is that it if its value is @var{n}, that permits scrolling |
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1521 only by precisely @var{n} lines, not a smaller number. This feature |
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1522 does not work with @code{scroll-margin}. The default value is zero. |
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1523 @end defopt |
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1524 |
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1525 @defopt scroll-preserve-screen-position |
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1526 If this option is non-@code{nil}, the scroll functions move point so |
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1527 that the vertical position of the cursor is unchanged, when that is |
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1528 possible. |
6564 | 1529 @end defopt |
1530 | |
1531 @defopt next-screen-context-lines | |
1532 The value of this variable is the number of lines of continuity to | |
1533 retain when scrolling by full screens. For example, @code{scroll-up} | |
1534 with an argument of @code{nil} scrolls so that this many lines at the | |
1535 bottom of the window appear instead at the top. The default value is | |
1536 @code{2}. | |
1537 @end defopt | |
1538 | |
1539 @deffn Command recenter &optional count | |
1540 @cindex centering point | |
42985 | 1541 This function scrolls the text in the selected window so that point is |
1542 displayed at a specified vertical position within the window. It does | |
1543 not ``move point'' with respect to the text. | |
6564 | 1544 |
42985 | 1545 If @var{count} is a nonnegative number, that puts the line containing |
1546 point @var{count} lines down from the top of the window. If | |
1547 @var{count} is a negative number, then it counts upward from the | |
1548 bottom of the window, so that @minus{}1 stands for the last usable | |
1549 line in the window. If @var{count} is a non-@code{nil} list, then it | |
1550 stands for the line in the middle of the window. | |
6564 | 1551 |
1552 If @var{count} is @code{nil}, @code{recenter} puts the line containing | |
1553 point in the middle of the window, then clears and redisplays the entire | |
1554 selected frame. | |
1555 | |
1556 When @code{recenter} is called interactively, @var{count} is the raw | |
1557 prefix argument. Thus, typing @kbd{C-u} as the prefix sets the | |
1558 @var{count} to a non-@code{nil} list, while typing @kbd{C-u 4} sets | |
1559 @var{count} to 4, which positions the current line four lines from the | |
1560 top. | |
1561 | |
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1562 With an argument of zero, @code{recenter} positions the current line at |
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1563 the top of the window. This action is so handy that some people make a |
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1564 separate key binding to do this. For example, |
6564 | 1565 |
1566 @example | |
1567 @group | |
1568 (defun line-to-top-of-window () | |
1569 "Scroll current line to top of window. | |
1570 Replaces three keystroke sequence C-u 0 C-l." | |
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1571 (interactive) |
6564 | 1572 (recenter 0)) |
1573 | |
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1574 (global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window) |
6564 | 1575 @end group |
1576 @end example | |
1577 @end deffn | |
1578 | |
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1579 @node Vertical Scrolling |
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1580 @section Vertical Fractional Scrolling |
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1581 @cindex Vertical Fractional Scrolling |
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1582 |
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1583 @dfn{Vertical fractional scrolling} means shifting the image in the |
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1584 window up or down by a specified multiple or fraction of a line. |
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1585 Each window has a @dfn{vertical scroll position}, |
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1586 which is a number, never less than zero. It specifies how far to raise |
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1587 the contents of the window. Raising the window contents generally makes |
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1588 all or part of some lines disappear off the top, and all or part of some |
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1589 other lines appear at the bottom. The usual value is zero. |
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1590 |
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1591 The vertical scroll position is measured in units of the normal line |
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1592 height, which is the height of the default font. Thus, if the value is |
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1593 .5, that means the window contents are scrolled up half the normal line |
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1594 height. If it is 3.3, that means the window contents are scrolled up |
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1595 somewhat over three times the normal line height. |
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1596 |
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1597 What fraction of a line the vertical scrolling covers, or how many |
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1598 lines, depends on what the lines contain. A value of .5 could scroll a |
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1599 line whose height is very short off the screen, while a value of 3.3 |
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1600 could scroll just part of the way through a tall line or an image. |
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1601 |
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1602 @defun window-vscroll &optional window pixels-p |
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1603 This function returns the current vertical scroll position of |
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1604 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is |
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1605 used. If @var{pixels-p} is non-@code{nil}, the return value is |
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1606 measured in pixels, rather than in units of the normal line height. |
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1607 |
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1608 @example |
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1609 @group |
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1610 (window-vscroll) |
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1611 @result{} 0 |
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1612 @end group |
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1613 @end example |
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1614 @end defun |
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1615 |
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1616 @defun set-window-vscroll window lines &optional pixels-p |
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1617 This function sets @var{window}'s vertical scroll position to |
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1618 @var{lines}. The argument @var{lines} should be zero or positive; if |
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1619 not, it is taken as zero. |
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1620 |
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1621 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
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1622 |
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1623 The actual vertical scroll position must always correspond |
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1624 to an integral number of pixels, so the value you specify |
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1625 is rounded accordingly. |
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1626 |
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1627 The return value is the result of this rounding. |
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1628 |
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1629 @example |
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1630 @group |
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1631 (set-window-vscroll (selected-window) 1.2) |
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1632 @result{} 1.13 |
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1633 @end group |
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1634 @end example |
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1635 |
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1636 If @var{pixels-p} is non-@code{nil}, @var{lines} specifies a number of |
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1637 pixels. In this case, the return value is @var{lines}. |
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1638 @end defun |
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1639 |
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1640 @defvar auto-window-vscroll |
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1641 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the line-move, scroll-up, and |
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1642 scroll-down functions will automatically modify the window vscroll to |
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1643 scroll through display rows that are taller that the height of the |
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1644 window, for example in the presense of large images. |
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1645 @end defvar |
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1646 |
6564 | 1647 @node Horizontal Scrolling |
1648 @section Horizontal Scrolling | |
1649 @cindex horizontal scrolling | |
1650 | |
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1651 @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting the image in the window left |
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1652 or right by a specified multiple of the normal character width. Each |
42895 | 1653 window has a @dfn{horizontal scroll position}, which is a number, never |
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1654 less than zero. It specifies how far to shift the contents left. |
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1655 Shifting the window contents left generally makes all or part of some |
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1656 characters disappear off the left, and all or part of some other |
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1657 characters appear at the right. The usual value is zero. |
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1658 |
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1659 The horizontal scroll position is measured in units of the normal |
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1660 character width, which is the width of space in the default font. Thus, |
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1661 if the value is 5, that means the window contents are scrolled left by 5 |
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1662 times the normal character width. How many characters actually |
25751
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1663 disappear off to the left depends on their width, and could vary from |
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1664 line to line. |
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1665 |
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1666 Because we read from side to side in the ``inner loop'', and from top |
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1667 to bottom in the ``outer loop'', the effect of horizontal scrolling is |
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1668 not like that of textual or vertical scrolling. Textual scrolling |
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1669 involves selection of a portion of text to display, and vertical |
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1670 scrolling moves the window contents contiguously; but horizontal |
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1671 scrolling causes part of @emph{each line} to go off screen. |
6564 | 1672 |
1673 Usually, no horizontal scrolling is in effect; then the leftmost | |
1674 column is at the left edge of the window. In this state, scrolling to | |
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1675 the right is meaningless, since there is no data to the left of the edge |
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1676 to be revealed by it; so this is not allowed. Scrolling to the left is |
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1677 allowed; it scrolls the first columns of text off the edge of the window |
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1678 and can reveal additional columns on the right that were truncated |
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1679 before. Once a window has a nonzero amount of leftward horizontal |
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1680 scrolling, you can scroll it back to the right, but only so far as to |
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1681 reduce the net horizontal scroll to zero. There is no limit to how far |
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1682 left you can scroll, but eventually all the text will disappear off the |
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1683 left edge. |
6564 | 1684 |
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1685 @vindex auto-hscroll-mode |
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1686 If @code{auto-hscroll-mode} is set, redisplay automatically alters |
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1687 the horizontal scrolling of a window as necessary to ensure that point |
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1688 is always visible. However, you can still set the horizontal |
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1689 scrolling value explicitly. The value you specify serves as a lower |
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1690 bound for automatic scrolling, i.e. automatic scrolling will not |
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1691 scroll a window to a column less than the specified one. |
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1692 |
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1693 @deffn Command scroll-left &optional count |
6564 | 1694 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the |
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1695 left (or to the right if @var{count} is negative). The default |
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1696 for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2. |
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1697 |
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1698 The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in |
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1699 effect after the change---just like the value returned by |
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1700 @code{window-hscroll} (below). |
6564 | 1701 @end deffn |
1702 | |
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1703 @deffn Command scroll-right &optional count |
6564 | 1704 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the |
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1705 right (or to the left if @var{count} is negative). The default |
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1706 for @var{count} is the window width, minus 2. |
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1707 |
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1708 The return value is the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in |
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1709 effect after the change---just like the value returned by |
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1710 @code{window-hscroll} (below). |
6564 | 1711 |
1712 Once you scroll a window as far right as it can go, back to its normal | |
1713 position where the total leftward scrolling is zero, attempts to scroll | |
1714 any farther right have no effect. | |
1715 @end deffn | |
1716 | |
1717 @defun window-hscroll &optional window | |
1718 This function returns the total leftward horizontal scrolling of | |
1719 @var{window}---the number of columns by which the text in @var{window} | |
1720 is scrolled left past the left margin. | |
1721 | |
1722 The value is never negative. It is zero when no horizontal scrolling | |
1723 has been done in @var{window} (which is usually the case). | |
1724 | |
1725 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. | |
1726 | |
1727 @example | |
1728 @group | |
1729 (window-hscroll) | |
1730 @result{} 0 | |
1731 @end group | |
1732 @group | |
1733 (scroll-left 5) | |
1734 @result{} 5 | |
1735 @end group | |
1736 @group | |
1737 (window-hscroll) | |
1738 @result{} 5 | |
1739 @end group | |
1740 @end example | |
1741 @end defun | |
1742 | |
1743 @defun set-window-hscroll window columns | |
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1744 This function sets horizontal scrolling of @var{window}. The value of |
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1745 @var{columns} specifies the amount of scrolling, in terms of columns |
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1746 from the left margin. The argument @var{columns} should be zero or |
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1747 positive; if not, it is taken as zero. Fractional values of |
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1748 @var{columns} are not supported at present. |
6564 | 1749 |
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1750 Note that @code{set-window-hscroll} may appear not to work if you test |
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1751 it by evaluating a call with @kbd{M-:} in a simple way. What happens |
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1752 is that the function sets the horizontal scroll value and returns, but |
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1753 then redisplay adjusts the horizontal scrolling to make point visible, |
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1754 and this overrides what the function did. You can observe the |
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1755 function's effect if you call it while point is sufficiently far from |
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1756 the left margin that it will remain visible. |
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1757 |
6564 | 1758 The value returned is @var{columns}. |
1759 | |
1760 @example | |
1761 @group | |
1762 (set-window-hscroll (selected-window) 10) | |
1763 @result{} 10 | |
1764 @end group | |
1765 @end example | |
1766 @end defun | |
1767 | |
1768 Here is how you can determine whether a given position @var{position} | |
1769 is off the screen due to horizontal scrolling: | |
1770 | |
1771 @example | |
1772 @group | |
8491
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1773 (defun hscroll-on-screen (window position) |
15668
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1774 (save-excursion |
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1775 (goto-char position) |
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1776 (and |
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1777 (>= (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) 0) |
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1778 (< (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) |
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1779 (window-width window))))) |
6564 | 1780 @end group |
1781 @end example | |
1782 | |
1783 @node Size of Window | |
1784 @section The Size of a Window | |
1785 @cindex window size | |
1786 @cindex size of window | |
1787 | |
1788 An Emacs window is rectangular, and its size information consists of | |
1789 the height (the number of lines) and the width (the number of character | |
1790 positions in each line). The mode line is included in the height. But | |
1791 the width does not count the scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} | |
8491
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1792 characters that separates side-by-side windows. |
6564 | 1793 |
1794 The following three functions return size information about a window: | |
1795 | |
1796 @defun window-height &optional window | |
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1797 This function returns the number of lines in @var{window}, including |
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1798 its mode line and header line, if any. If @var{window} fills its |
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1799 entire frame except for the echo area, this is typically one less than |
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1800 the value of @code{frame-height} on that frame. |
6564 | 1801 |
1802 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. | |
1803 | |
1804 @example | |
1805 @group | |
1806 (window-height) | |
1807 @result{} 23 | |
1808 @end group | |
1809 @group | |
1810 (split-window-vertically) | |
1811 @result{} #<window 4 on windows.texi> | |
1812 @end group | |
1813 @group | |
1814 (window-height) | |
1815 @result{} 11 | |
1816 @end group | |
1817 @end example | |
1818 @end defun | |
1819 | |
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1820 @tindex window-body-height |
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1821 @defun window-body-height &optional window |
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1822 Like @code{window-height} but the value does not include the |
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1823 mode line (if any) or the header line (if any). |
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1824 @end defun |
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1825 |
6564 | 1826 @defun window-width &optional window |
1827 This function returns the number of columns in @var{window}. If | |
1828 @var{window} fills its entire frame, this is the same as the value of | |
1829 @code{frame-width} on that frame. The width does not include the | |
1830 window's scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} characters that separates | |
1831 side-by-side windows. | |
1832 | |
1833 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window. | |
1834 | |
1835 @example | |
1836 @group | |
1837 (window-width) | |
1838 @result{} 80 | |
1839 @end group | |
1840 @end example | |
1841 @end defun | |
1842 | |
1843 @defun window-edges &optional window | |
1844 This function returns a list of the edge coordinates of @var{window}. | |
1845 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. | |
1846 | |
1847 The order of the list is @code{(@var{left} @var{top} @var{right} | |
1848 @var{bottom})}, all elements relative to 0, 0 at the top left corner of | |
1849 the frame. The element @var{right} of the value is one more than the | |
1850 rightmost column used by @var{window}, and @var{bottom} is one more than | |
1851 the bottommost row used by @var{window} and its mode-line. | |
1852 | |
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1853 The edges include the space used by the window's scroll bar, display |
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1854 margins, fringes, header line, and mode line, if it has them. Also, |
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1855 if the window has a neighbor on the right, its right edge value |
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1856 includes the width of the separator line between the window and that |
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1857 neighbor. Since the width of the window does not include this |
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1858 separator, the width does not usually equal the difference between the |
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1859 right and left edges. |
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1860 @end defun |
6564 | 1861 |
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1862 @defun window-inside-edges &optional window |
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1863 This is similar to @code{window-edges}, but the edge values |
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1864 it returns include only the text area of the window. They |
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1865 do not include the header line, mode line, scroll bar or |
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1866 vertical separator, fringes, or display margins. |
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1867 @end defun |
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1868 |
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1869 Here are the results obtained on a typical 24-line terminal with just |
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1870 one window, with menu bar enabled: |
6564 | 1871 |
1872 @example | |
1873 @group | |
1874 (window-edges (selected-window)) | |
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1875 @result{} (0 1 80 23) |
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1876 @end group |
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1877 @group |
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1878 (window-inside-edges (selected-window)) |
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1879 @result{} (0 1 80 22) |
6564 | 1880 @end group |
1881 @end example | |
1882 | |
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1883 @noindent |
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1884 The bottom edge is at line 23 because the last line is the echo area. |
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1885 The bottom inside edge is at line 22, which is the window's mode line. |
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1886 |
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1887 If @var{window} is at the upper left corner of its frame, and there is |
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1888 no menu bar, then @var{bottom} returned by @code{window-edges} is the |
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1889 same as the value of @code{(window-height)}, @var{right} is almost the |
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1890 same as the value of @code{(window-width)}, and @var{top} and |
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1891 @var{left} are zero. For example, the edges of the following window |
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1892 are @w{@samp{0 0 8 5}}. Assuming that the frame has more than 8 |
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1893 columns, the last column of the window (column 7) holds a border |
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1894 rather than text. The last row (row 4) holds the mode line, shown |
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1895 here with @samp{xxxxxxxxx}. |
6564 | 1896 |
1897 @example | |
1898 @group | |
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1899 0 |
6564 | 1900 _______ |
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1901 0 | | |
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1902 | | |
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1903 | | |
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1904 | | |
6564 | 1905 xxxxxxxxx 4 |
1906 | |
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1907 7 |
6564 | 1908 @end group |
1909 @end example | |
1910 | |
1911 In the following example, let's suppose that the frame is 7 | |
1912 columns wide. Then the edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 4 3}} | |
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1913 and the edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 3}}. |
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1914 The inside edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 3 2}}, |
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1915 and the inside edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 2}}, |
6564 | 1916 |
1917 @example | |
1918 @group | |
1919 ___ ___ | |
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1920 | | | |
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1921 | | | |
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1922 xxxxxxxxx |
6564 | 1923 |
1924 0 34 7 | |
1925 @end group | |
1926 @end example | |
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1927 |
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1928 @defun window-pixel-edges &optional window |
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1929 This function is like @code{window-edges} except that, on a graphical |
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1930 display, the edge values are measured in pixels instead of in |
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1931 character lines and columns. |
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1932 @end defun |
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1933 |
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1934 @defun window-inside-pixel-edges &optional window |
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1935 This function is like @code{window-inside-edges} except that, on a |
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1936 graphical display, the edge values are measured in pixels instead of |
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1937 in character lines and columns. |
6564 | 1938 @end defun |
1939 | |
1940 @node Resizing Windows | |
1941 @section Changing the Size of a Window | |
1942 @cindex window resizing | |
1943 @cindex changing window size | |
1944 @cindex window size, changing | |
1945 | |
1946 The window size functions fall into two classes: high-level commands | |
1947 that change the size of windows and low-level functions that access | |
1948 window size. Emacs does not permit overlapping windows or gaps between | |
1949 windows, so resizing one window affects other windows. | |
1950 | |
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1951 @deffn Command enlarge-window size &optional horizontal preserve-before |
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1952 This function makes the selected window @var{size} lines taller, |
6564 | 1953 stealing lines from neighboring windows. It takes the lines from one |
1954 window at a time until that window is used up, then takes from another. | |
1955 If a window from which lines are stolen shrinks below | |
1956 @code{window-min-height} lines, that window disappears. | |
1957 | |
1958 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, this function makes | |
1959 @var{window} wider by @var{size} columns, stealing columns instead of | |
1960 lines. If a window from which columns are stolen shrinks below | |
1961 @code{window-min-width} columns, that window disappears. | |
1962 | |
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1963 If the requested size would exceed that of the window's frame, then the |
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1964 function makes the window occupy the entire height (or width) of the |
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1965 frame. |
6564 | 1966 |
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1967 If there are various other windows from which lines or columns can be |
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1968 stolen, and some of them specify fixed size (using |
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1969 @code{window-size-fixed}, see below), they are left untouched while |
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1970 other windows are ``robbed.'' If it would be necessary to alter the |
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1971 size of a fixed-size window, @code{enlarge-window} gets an error |
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1972 instead. |
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1973 |
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1974 If @var{preserve-before} is non-@code{nil}, this function does not |
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1975 change the size of the siblings above or to the left of the selected |
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1976 window. Only the size of the siblings below or to the right of the |
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1977 selected window are changed. |
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1978 |
6564 | 1979 If @var{size} is negative, this function shrinks the window by |
1980 @minus{}@var{size} lines or columns. If that makes the window smaller | |
1981 than the minimum size (@code{window-min-height} and | |
1982 @code{window-min-width}), @code{enlarge-window} deletes the window. | |
1983 | |
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1984 @code{enlarge-window} returns @code{nil}. |
6564 | 1985 @end deffn |
1986 | |
1987 @deffn Command enlarge-window-horizontally columns | |
1988 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} wider. | |
1989 It could be defined as follows: | |
1990 | |
1991 @example | |
1992 @group | |
1993 (defun enlarge-window-horizontally (columns) | |
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1994 (interactive "p") |
6564 | 1995 (enlarge-window columns t)) |
1996 @end group | |
1997 @end example | |
1998 @end deffn | |
1999 | |
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2000 @deffn Command shrink-window size &optional horizontal preserve-before |
6564 | 2001 This function is like @code{enlarge-window} but negates the argument |
2002 @var{size}, making the selected window smaller by giving lines (or | |
2003 columns) to the other windows. If the window shrinks below | |
2004 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, then it disappears. | |
2005 | |
2006 If @var{size} is negative, the window is enlarged by @minus{}@var{size} | |
2007 lines or columns. | |
2008 @end deffn | |
2009 | |
2010 @deffn Command shrink-window-horizontally columns | |
2011 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} narrower. | |
2012 It could be defined as follows: | |
2013 | |
2014 @example | |
2015 @group | |
2016 (defun shrink-window-horizontally (columns) | |
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2017 (interactive "p") |
6564 | 2018 (shrink-window columns t)) |
2019 @end group | |
2020 @end example | |
2021 @end deffn | |
2022 | |
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2023 @defun fit-window-to-buffer &optional window max-height min-height |
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2024 This function makes @var{window} the right height to display its |
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2025 contents exactly. If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, it uses |
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2026 the selected window. |
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2027 |
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2028 The argument @var{max-height} specifies the maximum height the window |
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2029 is allowed to be; @code{nil} means use the frame height. The argument |
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2030 @var{min-height} specifies the minimum height for the window; |
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2031 @code{nil} means use @code{window-min-height}. All these height |
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2032 values include the mode-line and/or header-line. |
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2033 @end defun |
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2034 |
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2035 @deffn Command shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer &optional window |
59882
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2036 This command shrinks @var{window} vertically to be as small as |
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2037 possible while still showing the full contents of its buffer---but not |
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2038 less than @code{window-min-height} lines. If @var{window} is not |
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2039 given, it defaults to the selected window. |
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2040 |
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2041 However, the command does nothing if the window is already too small to |
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2042 display the whole text of the buffer, or if part of the contents are |
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2043 currently scrolled off screen, or if the window is not the full width of |
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2044 its frame, or if the window is the only window in its frame. |
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2045 |
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2046 This command returns non-@code{nil} if it actually shrank the window |
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2047 and @code{nil} otherwise. |
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2048 @end deffn |
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2049 |
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2050 @tindex window-size-fixed |
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2051 @defvar window-size-fixed |
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2052 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, in any given buffer, |
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2053 then the size of any window displaying the buffer remains fixed |
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2054 unless you explicitly change it or Emacs has no other choice. |
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2055 |
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2056 If the value is @code{height}, then only the window's height is fixed; |
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2057 if the value is @code{width}, then only the window's width is fixed. |
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2058 Any other non-@code{nil} value fixes both the width and the height. |
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2059 |
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2060 This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set. |
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2061 |
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2062 Explicit size-change functions such as @code{enlarge-window} |
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2063 get an error if they would have to change a window size which is fixed. |
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2064 Therefore, when you want to change the size of such a window, |
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2065 you should bind @code{window-size-fixed} to @code{nil}, like this: |
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2066 |
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2067 @example |
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2068 (let ((window-size-fixed nil)) |
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2069 (enlarge-window 10)) |
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2070 @end example |
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2071 |
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2072 Note that changing the frame size will change the size of a |
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2073 fixed-size window, if there is no other alternative. |
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2074 @end defvar |
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2075 |
6564 | 2076 @cindex minimum window size |
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2077 The following two variables constrain the window-structure-changing |
6564 | 2078 functions to a minimum height and width. |
2079 | |
2080 @defopt window-min-height | |
2081 The value of this variable determines how short a window may become | |
2082 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than | |
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2083 @code{window-min-height} automatically deletes it, and no window may |
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2084 be created shorter than this. The default value is 4. |
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2085 |
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2086 The absolute minimum window height is one; actions that change window |
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2087 sizes reset this variable to one if it is less than one. |
6564 | 2088 @end defopt |
2089 | |
2090 @defopt window-min-width | |
2091 The value of this variable determines how narrow a window may become | |
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2092 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than |
6564 | 2093 @code{window-min-width} automatically deletes it, and no window may be |
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2094 created narrower than this. The default value is 10. |
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2095 |
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2096 The absolute minimum window width is two; actions that change window |
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2097 sizes reset this variable to two if it is less than two. |
6564 | 2098 @end defopt |
2099 | |
2100 @node Coordinates and Windows | |
2101 @section Coordinates and Windows | |
2102 | |
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2103 This section describes how to relate screen coordinates to windows. |
6564 | 2104 |
2105 @defun window-at x y &optional frame | |
2106 This function returns the window containing the specified cursor | |
2107 position in the frame @var{frame}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} | |
2108 are measured in characters and count from the top left corner of the | |
2109 frame. If they are out of range, @code{window-at} returns @code{nil}. | |
2110 | |
2111 If you omit @var{frame}, the selected frame is used. | |
2112 @end defun | |
2113 | |
2114 @defun coordinates-in-window-p coordinates window | |
2115 This function checks whether a particular frame position falls within | |
2116 the window @var{window}. | |
2117 | |
21682
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2118 The argument @var{coordinates} is a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{x} |
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2119 . @var{y})}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} are measured in |
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2120 characters, and count from the top left corner of the screen or frame. |
6564 | 2121 |
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2122 The value returned by @code{coordinates-in-window-p} is non-@code{nil} |
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2123 if the coordinates are inside @var{window}. The value also indicates |
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2124 what part of the window the position is in, as follows: |
6564 | 2125 |
2126 @table @code | |
2127 @item (@var{relx} . @var{rely}) | |
2128 The coordinates are inside @var{window}. The numbers @var{relx} and | |
2129 @var{rely} are the equivalent window-relative coordinates for the | |
2130 specified position, counting from 0 at the top left corner of the | |
2131 window. | |
2132 | |
2133 @item mode-line | |
2134 The coordinates are in the mode line of @var{window}. | |
2135 | |
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2136 @item header-line |
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2137 The coordinates are in the header line of @var{window}. |
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2138 |
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2139 @item vertical-line |
6564 | 2140 The coordinates are in the vertical line between @var{window} and its |
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2141 neighbor to the right. This value occurs only if the window doesn't |
6564 | 2142 have a scroll bar; positions in a scroll bar are considered outside the |
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2143 window for these purposes. |
6564 | 2144 |
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2145 @item left-fringe |
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2146 @itemx right-fringe |
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2147 The coordinates are in the left or right fringe of the window. |
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2148 |
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2149 @item left-margin |
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2150 @itemx right-margin |
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2151 The coordinates are in the left or right margin of the window. |
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2152 |
6564 | 2153 @item nil |
2154 The coordinates are not in any part of @var{window}. | |
2155 @end table | |
2156 | |
2157 The function @code{coordinates-in-window-p} does not require a frame as | |
2158 argument because it always uses the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
2159 @end defun | |
2160 | |
2161 @node Window Configurations | |
2162 @section Window Configurations | |
2163 @cindex window configurations | |
2164 @cindex saving window information | |
2165 | |
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2166 A @dfn{window configuration} records the entire layout of one |
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2167 frame---all windows, their sizes, which buffers they contain, what |
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2168 part of each buffer is displayed, and the values of point and the |
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2169 mark; also their fringes, margins, and scroll bar settings. It also |
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2170 includes the values of @code{window-min-height}, |
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2171 @code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. An |
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2172 exception is made for point in the selected window for the current |
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2173 buffer; its value is not saved in the window configuration. |
6564 | 2174 |
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2175 You can bring back an entire previous layout by restoring a window |
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2176 configuration previously saved. If you want to record all frames |
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2177 instead of just one, use a frame configuration instead of a window |
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2178 configuration. @xref{Frame Configurations}. |
6564 | 2179 |
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2180 @defun current-window-configuration &optional frame |
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2181 This function returns a new object representing @var{frame}'s current |
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2182 window configuration. If @var{frame} is omitted, the selected frame |
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2183 is used. |
6564 | 2184 @end defun |
2185 | |
2186 @defun set-window-configuration configuration | |
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2187 This function restores the configuration of windows and buffers as |
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2188 specified by @var{configuration}, for the frame that @var{configuration} |
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2189 was created for. |
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2190 |
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2191 The argument @var{configuration} must be a value that was previously |
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2192 returned by @code{current-window-configuration}. This configuration is |
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2193 restored in the frame from which @var{configuration} was made, whether |
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2194 that frame is selected or not. This always counts as a window size |
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2195 change and triggers execution of the @code{window-size-change-functions} |
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2196 (@pxref{Window Hooks}), because @code{set-window-configuration} doesn't |
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2197 know how to tell whether the new configuration actually differs from the |
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2198 old one. |
6564 | 2199 |
21682
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2200 If the frame which @var{configuration} was saved from is dead, all this |
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2201 function does is restore the three variables @code{window-min-height}, |
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2202 @code{window-min-width} and @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. In this |
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2203 case, the function returns @code{nil}. Otherwise, it returns @code{t}. |
12098 | 2204 |
6564 | 2205 Here is a way of using this function to get the same effect |
2206 as @code{save-window-excursion}: | |
2207 | |
2208 @example | |
2209 @group | |
2210 (let ((config (current-window-configuration))) | |
2211 (unwind-protect | |
2212 (progn (split-window-vertically nil) | |
2213 @dots{}) | |
2214 (set-window-configuration config))) | |
2215 @end group | |
2216 @end example | |
2217 @end defun | |
2218 | |
2219 @defspec save-window-excursion forms@dots{} | |
2220 This special form records the window configuration, executes @var{forms} | |
2221 in sequence, then restores the earlier window configuration. The window | |
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2222 configuration includes, for each window, the value of point and the |
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2223 portion of the buffer that is visible. It also includes the choice of |
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2224 selected window. However, it does not include the value of point in |
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2225 the current buffer; use @code{save-excursion} also, if you wish to |
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2226 preserve that. |
6564 | 2227 |
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2228 Don't use this construct when @code{save-selected-window} is sufficient. |
12098 | 2229 |
2230 Exit from @code{save-window-excursion} always triggers execution of the | |
2231 @code{window-size-change-functions}. (It doesn't know how to tell | |
2232 whether the restored configuration actually differs from the one in | |
2233 effect at the end of the @var{forms}.) | |
2234 | |
6564 | 2235 The return value is the value of the final form in @var{forms}. |
2236 For example: | |
2237 | |
2238 @example | |
2239 @group | |
2240 (split-window) | |
2241 @result{} #<window 25 on control.texi> | |
2242 @end group | |
2243 @group | |
2244 (setq w (selected-window)) | |
2245 @result{} #<window 19 on control.texi> | |
2246 @end group | |
2247 @group | |
2248 (save-window-excursion | |
2249 (delete-other-windows w) | |
2250 (switch-to-buffer "foo") | |
2251 'do-something) | |
2252 @result{} do-something | |
2253 ;; @r{The screen is now split again.} | |
2254 @end group | |
2255 @end example | |
2256 @end defspec | |
2257 | |
2258 @defun window-configuration-p object | |
2259 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window configuration. | |
2260 @end defun | |
2261 | |
21682
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2262 @defun compare-window-configurations config1 config2 |
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2263 This function compares two window configurations as regards the |
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2264 structure of windows, but ignores the values of point and mark and the |
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2265 saved scrolling positions---it can return @code{t} even if those |
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2266 aspects differ. |
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2267 |
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2268 The function @code{equal} can also compare two window configurations; it |
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2269 regards configurations as unequal if they differ in any respect, even a |
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2270 saved point or mark. |
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2271 @end defun |
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2272 |
53437
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2273 @defun window-configuration-frame config |
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2274 This function returns the frame for which the window configuration |
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2275 @var{config} was made. |
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2276 @end defun |
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2277 |
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2278 Other primitives to look inside of window configurations would make |
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2279 sense, but are not implemented because we did not need them. See the |
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2280 file @file{winner.el} for some more operations on windows |
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2281 configurations. |
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2282 |
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2283 @node Window Hooks |
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2284 @section Hooks for Window Scrolling and Changes |
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2285 |
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2286 This section describes how a Lisp program can take action whenever a |
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2287 window displays a different part of its buffer or a different buffer. |
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2288 There are three actions that can change this: scrolling the window, |
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2289 switching buffers in the window, and changing the size of the window. |
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2290 The first two actions run @code{window-scroll-functions}; the last runs |
61851
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2291 @code{window-size-change-functions}. |
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2292 |
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2293 @defvar window-scroll-functions |
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2294 This variable holds a list of functions that Emacs should call before |
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2295 redisplaying a window with scrolling. It is not a normal hook, because |
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2296 each function is called with two arguments: the window, and its new |
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2297 display-start position. |
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2298 |
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2299 Displaying a different buffer in the window also runs these functions. |
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2300 |
22252
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2301 These functions must be careful in using @code{window-end} |
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2302 (@pxref{Window Start}); if you need an up-to-date value, you must use |
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2303 the @var{update} argument to ensure you get it. |
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2304 @end defvar |
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2305 |
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2306 @defvar window-size-change-functions |
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2307 This variable holds a list of functions to be called if the size of any |
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2308 window changes for any reason. The functions are called just once per |
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2309 redisplay, and just once for each frame on which size changes have |
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2310 occurred. |
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2311 |
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2312 Each function receives the frame as its sole argument. There is no |
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2313 direct way to find out which windows on that frame have changed size, or |
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2314 precisely how. However, if a size-change function records, at each |
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2315 call, the existing windows and their sizes, it can also compare the |
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2316 present sizes and the previous sizes. |
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2317 |
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2318 Creating or deleting windows counts as a size change, and therefore |
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2319 causes these functions to be called. Changing the frame size also |
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2320 counts, because it changes the sizes of the existing windows. |
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2321 |
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2322 It is not a good idea to use @code{save-window-excursion} (@pxref{Window |
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2323 Configurations}) in these functions, because that always counts as a |
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2324 size change, and it would cause these functions to be called over and |
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2325 over. In most cases, @code{save-selected-window} (@pxref{Selecting |
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2326 Windows}) is what you need here. |
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2327 @end defvar |
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2328 |
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2329 @defvar redisplay-end-trigger-functions |
22252
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2330 This abnormal hook is run whenever redisplay in a window uses text that |
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2331 extends past a specified end trigger position. You set the end trigger |
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2332 position with the function @code{set-window-redisplay-end-trigger}. The |
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2333 functions are called with two arguments: the window, and the end trigger |
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2334 position. Storing @code{nil} for the end trigger position turns off the |
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2335 feature, and the trigger value is automatically reset to @code{nil} just |
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2336 after the hook is run. |
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2337 @end defvar |
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2338 |
22138
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2339 @defun set-window-redisplay-end-trigger window position |
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2340 This function sets @var{window}'s end trigger position at |
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2341 @var{position}. |
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2342 @end defun |
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2343 |
25751
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2344 @defun window-redisplay-end-trigger &optional window |
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2345 This function returns @var{window}'s current end trigger position. |
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2346 If @var{window} is @code{nil} or omitted, it uses the selected window. |
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2347 @end defun |
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2348 |
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2349 @defvar window-configuration-change-hook |
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2350 A normal hook that is run every time you change the window configuration |
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2351 of an existing frame. This includes splitting or deleting windows, |
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16736
diff
changeset
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2352 changing the sizes of windows, or displaying a different buffer in a |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
16736
diff
changeset
|
2353 window. The frame whose window configuration has changed is the |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
16736
diff
changeset
|
2354 selected frame when this hook runs. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
16736
diff
changeset
|
2355 @end defvar |
52401 | 2356 |
2357 @ignore | |
2358 arch-tag: 3f6c36e8-df49-4986-b757-417feed88be3 | |
2359 @end ignore |