Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/frames.texi @ 54679:821beb22a34c
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Fri, 02 Apr 2004 07:53:11 +0000 |
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6547 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002 |
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6547 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/frames | |
7 @node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top | |
8 @chapter Frames | |
9 @cindex frame | |
10 | |
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11 A @dfn{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more |
6547 | 12 Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus |
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13 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or |
6547 | 14 horizontally into smaller windows. |
15 | |
16 @cindex terminal frame | |
12067 | 17 When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one |
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18 @dfn{terminal frame}. If you create additional ones, Emacs displays |
12067 | 19 one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course. |
20 | |
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21 @cindex window frame |
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22 When Emacs communicates directly with a supported window system, such |
35476 | 23 as X, it does not have a terminal frame; instead, it starts with |
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24 a single @dfn{window frame}, but you can create more, and Emacs can |
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25 display several such frames at once as is usual for window systems. |
6547 | 26 |
27 @defun framep object | |
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28 This predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{object} is a |
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29 frame, and @code{nil} otherwise. For a frame, the value indicates which |
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30 kind of display the frame uses: |
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31 |
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32 @table @code |
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33 @item x |
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34 The frame is displayed in an X window. |
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35 @item t |
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36 A terminal frame on a character display. |
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37 @item mac |
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38 The frame is displayed on a Macintosh. |
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39 @item w32 |
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40 The frame is displayed on MS-Windows 9X/NT. |
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41 @item pc |
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42 The frame is displayed on an MS-DOS terminal. |
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43 @end table |
6547 | 44 @end defun |
45 | |
46 @menu | |
12067 | 47 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. |
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48 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays. |
6547 | 49 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. |
12067 | 50 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. |
6547 | 51 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. |
52 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
53 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
54 display of text always works through windows. | |
55 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
56 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
57 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
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58 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows; |
54030 | 59 lowering it makes the others hide it. |
6547 | 60 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. |
61 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
62 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
63 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
64 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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65 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
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66 * Window System Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients. |
12098 | 67 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
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68 * Text Terminal Colors:: Defining colors for text-only terminals. |
6547 | 69 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
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70 * Display Feature Testing:: Determining the features of a terminal. |
6547 | 71 @end menu |
72 | |
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73 @xref{Display}, for information about the related topic of |
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74 controlling Emacs redisplay. |
6547 | 75 |
76 @node Creating Frames | |
77 @section Creating Frames | |
78 | |
79 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}. | |
80 | |
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81 @defun make-frame &optional alist |
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82 This function creates a new frame. If you are using a supported window |
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83 system, it makes a window frame; otherwise, it makes a terminal frame. |
6547 | 84 |
85 The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters. Any parameters | |
86 not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the | |
12098 | 87 variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified even there |
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88 default from the standard X resources or whatever is used instead on |
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89 your system. |
6547 | 90 |
91 The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of | |
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92 window system Emacs uses to display its frames. @xref{Window Frame |
12067 | 93 Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify. |
6547 | 94 @end defun |
95 | |
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96 @defvar before-make-frame-hook |
6547 | 97 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the |
98 frame. | |
99 @end defvar | |
100 | |
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101 @defvar after-make-frame-functions |
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102 @tindex after-make-frame-functions |
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103 An abnormal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame. |
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104 Each function in @code{after-make-frame-functions} receives one argument, the |
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105 frame just created. |
6547 | 106 @end defvar |
107 | |
12067 | 108 @node Multiple Displays |
109 @section Multiple Displays | |
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110 @cindex multiple X displays |
12067 | 111 @cindex displays, multiple |
112 | |
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113 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. |
12067 | 114 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one chosen with the |
115 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option | |
116 (@pxref{Initial Options,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). To connect to | |
117 another display, use the command @code{make-frame-on-display} or specify | |
118 the @code{display} frame parameter when you create the frame. | |
119 | |
120 Emacs treats each X server as a separate terminal, giving each one its | |
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121 own selected frame and its own minibuffer windows. However, only one of |
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122 those frames is ``@emph{the} selected frame'' at any given moment, see |
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123 @ref{Input Focus}. |
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124 |
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125 A few Lisp variables are @dfn{terminal-local}; that is, they have a |
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126 separate binding for each terminal. The binding in effect at any time |
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127 is the one for the terminal that the currently selected frame belongs |
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128 to. These variables include @code{default-minibuffer-frame}, |
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129 @code{defining-kbd-macro}, @code{last-kbd-macro}, and |
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130 @code{system-key-alist}. They are always terminal-local, and can never |
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131 be buffer-local (@pxref{Buffer-Local Variables}) or frame-local. |
12067 | 132 |
133 A single X server can handle more than one screen. A display name | |
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134 @samp{@var{host}:@var{server}.@var{screen}} has three parts; the last |
12067 | 135 part specifies the screen number for a given server. When you use two |
136 screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows by the similarity in their | |
137 names that they share a single keyboard, and it treats them as a single | |
138 terminal. | |
139 | |
140 @deffn Command make-frame-on-display display &optional parameters | |
141 This creates a new frame on display @var{display}, taking the other | |
142 frame parameters from @var{parameters}. Aside from the @var{display} | |
143 argument, it is like @code{make-frame} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). | |
144 @end deffn | |
145 | |
146 @defun x-display-list | |
147 This returns a list that indicates which X displays Emacs has a | |
12098 | 148 connection to. The elements of the list are strings, and each one is |
149 a display name. | |
12067 | 150 @end defun |
151 | |
26388 | 152 @defun x-open-connection display &optional xrm-string must-succeed |
12067 | 153 This function opens a connection to the X display @var{display}. It |
154 does not create a frame on that display, but it permits you to check | |
155 that communication can be established with that display. | |
156 | |
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157 The optional argument @var{xrm-string}, if not @code{nil}, is a |
12098 | 158 string of resource names and values, in the same format used in the |
159 @file{.Xresources} file. The values you specify override the resource | |
160 values recorded in the X server itself; they apply to all Emacs frames | |
161 created on this display. Here's an example of what this string might | |
162 look like: | |
163 | |
164 @example | |
165 "*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n" | |
166 @end example | |
167 | |
168 @xref{Resources}. | |
26388 | 169 |
170 If @var{must-succeed} is non-@code{nil}, failure to open the connection | |
171 terminates Emacs. Otherwise, it is an ordinary Lisp error. | |
12067 | 172 @end defun |
173 | |
174 @defun x-close-connection display | |
175 This function closes the connection to display @var{display}. Before | |
176 you can do this, you must first delete all the frames that were open on | |
177 that display (@pxref{Deleting Frames}). | |
178 @end defun | |
179 | |
6547 | 180 @node Frame Parameters |
181 @section Frame Parameters | |
182 | |
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183 A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior. |
6547 | 184 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it |
185 uses. | |
186 | |
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187 Frame parameters exist mostly for the sake of window systems. A |
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188 terminal frame has a few parameters, mostly for compatibility's sake; |
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189 only the @code{height}, @code{width}, @code{name}, @code{title}, |
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190 @code{menu-bar-lines}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate} |
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191 parameters do something special. If the terminal supports colors, the |
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192 parameters @code{foreground-color}, @code{background-color}, |
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193 @code{background-mode} and @code{display-type} are also meaningful. |
6547 | 194 |
195 @menu | |
196 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. | |
197 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. | |
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198 * Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems. |
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199 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
6547 | 200 @end menu |
201 | |
202 @node Parameter Access | |
203 @subsection Access to Frame Parameters | |
204 | |
205 These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a | |
206 frame. | |
207 | |
26388 | 208 @defun frame-parameter frame parameter |
209 @tindex frame-parameter | |
210 This function returns the value of the parameter named @var{parameter} | |
211 of @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it returns the | |
212 selected frame's parameter. | |
213 @end defun | |
214 | |
54030 | 215 @defun frame-parameters &optional frame |
6547 | 216 The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the |
54030 | 217 parameters of @var{frame} and their values. If @var{frame} is |
218 @code{nil} or omitted, this returns the selected frame's parameters | |
6547 | 219 @end defun |
220 | |
221 @defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist | |
222 This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the | |
223 elements of @var{alist}. Each element of @var{alist} has the form | |
224 @code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a | |
225 parameter. If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value | |
54030 | 226 doesn't change. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected |
227 frame. | |
6547 | 228 @end defun |
229 | |
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230 @defun modify-all-frames-parameters alist |
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231 This function alters the frame parameters of all existing frames |
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232 according to @var{alist}, then modifies @code{default-frame-alist} |
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233 to apply the same parameter values to frames that will be created |
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234 henceforth. |
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235 @end defun |
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236 |
6547 | 237 @node Initial Parameters |
238 @subsection Initial Frame Parameters | |
239 | |
240 You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame | |
25875 | 241 by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your init file (@pxref{Init File}). |
6547 | 242 |
243 @defvar initial-frame-alist | |
244 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
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245 the initial window frame. You can set this variable to specify the |
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246 appearance of the initial frame without altering subsequent frames. |
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247 Each element has the form: |
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248 |
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249 @example |
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250 (@var{parameter} . @var{value}) |
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251 @end example |
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252 |
25875 | 253 Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your init |
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254 file. After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist}, |
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255 and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already |
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256 created initial frame. |
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257 |
12098 | 258 If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see |
259 the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified | |
260 ones. If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and | |
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261 appearance with X resources; those do take effect before the frame is |
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262 created. @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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263 |
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264 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to |
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265 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and |
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266 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve |
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267 this. Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the |
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268 X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting |
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269 the initial frame, specify the same parameters in |
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270 @code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources. |
6547 | 271 @end defvar |
272 | |
12098 | 273 If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame with |
274 @code{(minibuffer . nil)}, and you have not created one, Emacs creates | |
275 one for you. | |
6547 | 276 |
277 @defvar minibuffer-frame-alist | |
278 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
279 an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according | |
280 to the parameters for the main initial frame. | |
281 @end defvar | |
282 | |
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283 @defvar default-frame-alist |
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284 This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for all |
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285 Emacs frames---the first frame, and subsequent frames. When using the X |
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286 Window System, you can get the same results by means of X resources |
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287 in many cases. |
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288 @end defvar |
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289 |
12098 | 290 See also @code{special-display-frame-alist}, in @ref{Choosing Window}. |
291 | |
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292 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs, |
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293 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}. One |
12098 | 294 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to |
295 @code{initial-frame-alist} instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, emacs, | |
296 The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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297 |
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298 @node Window Frame Parameters |
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299 @subsection Window Frame Parameters |
6547 | 300 |
301 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
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302 uses. Here is a table of the parameters that have special meanings in a |
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303 window frame; of these, @code{name}, @code{title}, @code{height}, |
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304 @code{width}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate} provide |
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305 meaningful information in terminal frames, and @code{tty-color-mode} |
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306 is meaningful @emph{only} in terminal frames. |
6547 | 307 |
308 @table @code | |
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309 @item display |
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310 The display on which to open this frame. It should be a string of the |
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311 form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the |
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312 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable. |
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313 |
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314 @item title |
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315 If a frame has a non-@code{nil} title, it appears in the window system's |
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316 border for the frame, and also in the mode line of windows in that frame |
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317 if @code{mode-line-frame-identification} uses @samp{%F} |
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318 (@pxref{%-Constructs}). This is normally the case when Emacs is not |
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319 using a window system, and can only display one frame at a time. |
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320 @xref{Frame Titles}. |
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321 |
6547 | 322 @item name |
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323 The name of the frame. The frame name serves as a default for the frame |
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324 title, if the @code{title} parameter is unspecified or @code{nil}. If |
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325 you don't specify a name, Emacs sets the frame name automatically |
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326 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). |
6547 | 327 |
328 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the | |
329 name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when | |
330 looking up X resources for the frame. | |
331 | |
332 @item left | |
12067 | 333 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
334 left edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
335 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
336 negative @var{pos} value. | |
337 | |
338 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
339 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the | |
12098 | 340 window with respect to the right edge of the screen. A positive value |
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341 of @var{pos} counts toward the left. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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342 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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343 positive. |
6547 | 344 |
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345 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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346 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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347 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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348 |
6547 | 349 @item top |
12067 | 350 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
351 top edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
352 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
353 negative @var{pos} value. | |
354 | |
355 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
356 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the bottom edge of the | |
12098 | 357 window with respect to the bottom edge of the screen. A positive value |
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358 of @var{pos} counts toward the top. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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359 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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360 positive. |
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361 |
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362 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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363 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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364 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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365 |
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366 @item icon-left |
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367 The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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368 pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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369 and when the frame is iconified. |
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370 |
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371 @item icon-top |
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372 The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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373 pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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374 and when the frame is iconified. |
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375 |
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376 @item user-position |
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377 When you create a frame and specify its screen position with the |
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378 @code{left} and @code{top} parameters, use this parameter to say whether |
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379 the specified position was user-specified (explicitly requested in some |
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380 way by a human user) or merely program-specified (chosen by a program). |
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381 A non-@code{nil} value says the position was user-specified. |
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382 |
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383 Window managers generally heed user-specified positions, and some heed |
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384 program-specified positions too. But many ignore program-specified |
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385 positions, placing the window in a default fashion or letting the user |
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386 place it with the mouse. Some window managers, including @code{twm}, |
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387 let the user specify whether to obey program-specified positions or |
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388 ignore them. |
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389 |
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390 When you call @code{make-frame}, you should specify a non-@code{nil} |
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391 value for this parameter if the values of the @code{left} and @code{top} |
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392 parameters represent the user's stated preference; otherwise, use |
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393 @code{nil}. |
6547 | 394 |
395 @item height | |
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396 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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397 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 398 |
399 @item width | |
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400 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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401 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 402 |
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403 @item fullscreen |
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404 Specify that width, height or both shall be set to the size of the screen. |
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405 The value @code{fullwidth} specifies that width shall be the size of the |
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406 screen. The value @code{fullheight} specifies that height shall be the |
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407 size of the screen. The value @code{fullboth} specifies that both the |
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408 width and the height shall be set to the size of the screen. |
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409 |
6547 | 410 @item window-id |
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411 The number of the window-system window used by the frame |
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412 to contain the actual Emacs windows. |
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413 |
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414 @item outer-window-id |
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415 The number of the outermost window-system window used for the whole frame. |
6547 | 416 |
417 @item minibuffer | |
418 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means | |
419 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a | |
12098 | 420 minibuffer. If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame), |
421 the new frame uses that minibuffer. | |
6547 | 422 |
12067 | 423 @item buffer-predicate |
424 The buffer-predicate function for this frame. The function | |
425 @code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to | |
426 decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not | |
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427 @code{nil}. It calls the predicate with one argument, a buffer, once for |
12067 | 428 each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it |
429 considers that buffer. | |
430 | |
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431 @item buffer-list |
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432 A list of buffers that have been selected in this frame, |
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433 ordered most-recently-selected first. |
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434 |
6547 | 435 @item auto-raise |
436 Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
437 | |
438 @item auto-lower | |
439 Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
440 | |
441 @item vertical-scroll-bars | |
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442 Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling, and which side |
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443 of the frame they should be on. The possible values are @code{left}, |
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444 @code{right}, and @code{nil} for no scroll bars. |
6547 | 445 |
446 @item horizontal-scroll-bars | |
447 Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling | |
448 (non-@code{nil} means yes). (Horizontal scroll bars are not currently | |
449 implemented.) | |
450 | |
12067 | 451 @item scroll-bar-width |
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452 The width of the vertical scroll bar, in pixels, |
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453 or @code{nil} meaning to use the default width. |
12067 | 454 |
6547 | 455 @item icon-type |
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456 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. If the |
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457 value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use. |
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458 Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a |
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459 picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon. |
6547 | 460 |
12098 | 461 @item icon-name |
462 The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon | |
463 appears. If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used. | |
464 | |
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465 @item background-mode |
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466 This parameter is either @code{dark} or @code{light}, according |
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467 to whether the background color is a light one or a dark one. |
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468 |
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469 @item tty-color-mode |
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470 @cindex standard colors for character terminals |
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471 This parameter overrides the terminal's color support as given by the |
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472 system's terminal capabilities database in that this parameter's value |
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473 specifies the color mode to use in terminal frames. The value can be |
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474 either a symbol or a number. A number specifies the number of colors |
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475 to use (and, indirectly, what commands to issue to produce each |
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476 color). For example, @code{(tty-color-mode . 8)} forces Emacs to use |
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477 the ANSI escape sequences for 8 standard text colors; and a value of |
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478 -1 means Emacs should turn off color support. If the parameter's |
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479 value is a symbol, that symbol is looked up in the alist |
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480 @code{tty-color-mode-alist}, and if found, the associated number is |
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481 used as the color support mode. |
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482 |
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483 @item display-type |
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484 This parameter describes the range of possible colors that can be used |
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485 in this frame. Its value is @code{color}, @code{grayscale} or |
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486 @code{mono}. |
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487 |
6547 | 488 @item cursor-type |
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489 How to display the cursor. Legitimate values are: |
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490 |
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491 @table @code |
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492 @item box |
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493 Display a filled box. (This is the default.) |
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494 @item hollow |
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495 Display a hollow box. |
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496 @item nil |
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497 Don't display a cursor. |
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498 @item bar |
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499 Display a vertical bar between characters. |
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500 @item (bar . @var{width}) |
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501 Display a vertical bar @var{width} pixels wide between characters. |
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502 @item hbar |
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503 Display a horizontal bar. |
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504 @item (bar . @var{width}) |
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505 Display a horizontal bar @var{width} pixels high. |
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506 @end table |
6547 | 507 |
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508 @vindex cursor-type |
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509 The buffer-local variable @code{cursor-type} overrides the value of |
54030 | 510 the @code{cursor-type} frame parameter, but if it is @code{t}, that |
511 means to use the cursor specified for the frame. | |
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512 |
6547 | 513 @item border-width |
514 The width in pixels of the window border. | |
515 | |
516 @item internal-border-width | |
517 The distance in pixels between text and border. | |
518 | |
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519 @item left-fringe |
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520 @itemx right-fringe |
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521 The default width of the left and right fringes of windows in this |
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522 frame (@pxref{Fringes}). If either of these is zero, that effectively |
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523 removes the corresponding fringe. A value of @code{nil} stands for |
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524 the standard fringe width, which is the width needed to display the |
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525 fringe bitmaps. |
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526 |
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527 The combined fringe widths must add up to an integral number of |
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528 columns, so the actual default fringe widths for the frame may be |
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529 larger than the specified values. The extra width needed to reach an |
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530 acceptable total is distributed evenly between the left and right |
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531 fringe. However, you can force one frame or the other to a precise |
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532 width by specifying that width a negative integer. If both widths are |
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533 negative, only the left fringe gets the specified width. |
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534 |
6547 | 535 @item unsplittable |
536 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically. | |
537 | |
538 @item visibility | |
539 The state of visibility of the frame. There are three possibilities: | |
540 @code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for | |
541 iconified. @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
542 | |
543 @item menu-bar-lines | |
544 The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu bar. | |
9453 | 545 The default is 1. @xref{Menu Bar}. (In Emacs versions that use the X |
54030 | 546 toolkit or GTK, there is only one menu bar line; all that matters about the |
9453 | 547 number you specify is whether it is greater than zero.) |
6547 | 548 |
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549 @item screen-gamma |
31375 | 550 @cindex gamma correction |
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551 If this is a number, Emacs performs ``gamma correction'' which adjusts |
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552 the brightness of all colors. The value should be the screen gamma of |
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553 your display, a floating point number. |
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554 |
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555 Usual PC monitors have a screen gamma of 2.2, so color values in |
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556 Emacs, and in X windows generally, are calibrated to display properly |
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557 on a monitor with that gamma value. If you specify 2.2 for |
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558 @code{screen-gamma}, that means no correction is needed. Other values |
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559 request correction, designed to make the corrected colors appear on |
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560 your screen they way they would have appeared without correction on an |
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561 ordinary monitor with a gamma value of 2.2. |
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562 |
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563 If your monitor displays colors too light, you should specify a |
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564 @code{screen-gamma} value smaller than 2.2. This requests correction |
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565 that makes colors darker. A screen gamma value of 1.5 may give good |
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566 results for LCD color displays. |
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567 |
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568 @item tool-bar-lines |
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569 The number of lines to use for the toolbar. A value of @code{nil} means |
54030 | 570 don't display a tool bar. (In Emacs versions that use GTK, there is |
571 only one tool bar line; all that matters about the number you specify | |
572 is whether it is greater than zero.) | |
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573 |
31375 | 574 @item line-spacing |
575 Additional space put below text lines in pixels (a positive integer). | |
576 | |
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577 @ignore |
6547 | 578 @item parent-id |
579 @c ??? Not yet working. | |
580 The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one. | |
581 Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other | |
582 application's window. (It is not certain this will be implemented; try | |
583 it and see if it works.) | |
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584 @end ignore |
6547 | 585 @end table |
586 | |
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587 @defvar blink-cursor-alist |
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588 This variable specifies how to blink the cursor. Each element has the |
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589 form @code{(@var{on-state} . @var{off-state})}. Whenever the cursor |
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590 type equals @var{on-state} (comparing using @code{equal}), Emacs uses |
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591 @var{off-state} to specify what the cursor looks like when it blinks |
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592 ``off''. Both @var{on-state} and @var{off-state} should be suitable |
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593 values for the @code{cursor-type} frame parameter. |
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594 |
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595 There are various defaults for how to blink each type of cursor, |
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596 if the type is not mentioned as an @var{on-state} here. Changes |
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597 in this variable do not take effect immediately, because the variable |
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598 is examined only when you specify a cursor type for a frame. |
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599 @end defvar |
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600 |
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601 These frame parameters are semi-obsolete in that they are automatically |
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602 equivalent to particular face attributes of particular faces. |
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603 |
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604 @table @code |
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605 @item font |
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606 The name of the font for displaying text in the frame. This is a |
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607 string, either a valid font name for your system or the name of an Emacs |
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608 fontset (@pxref{Fontsets}). It is equivalent to the @code{font} |
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609 attribute of the @code{default} face. |
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610 |
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611 @item foreground-color |
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612 The color to use for the image of a character. It is equivalent to |
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613 the @code{:foreground} attribute of the @code{default} face. |
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614 |
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615 @item background-color |
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616 The color to use for the background of characters. It is equivalent to |
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617 the @code{:background} attribute of the @code{default} face. |
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618 |
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619 @item mouse-color |
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620 The color for the mouse pointer. It is equivalent to the @code{:background} |
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621 attribute of the @code{mouse} face. |
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622 |
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623 @item cursor-color |
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624 The color for the cursor that shows point. It is equivalent to the |
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625 @code{:background} attribute of the @code{cursor} face. |
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626 |
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627 @item border-color |
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628 The color for the border of the frame. It is equivalent to the |
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629 @code{:background} attribute of the @code{border} face. |
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630 |
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631 @item scroll-bar-foreground |
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632 If non-@code{nil}, the color for the foreground of scroll bars. It is |
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633 equivalent to the @code{:foreground} attribute of the |
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634 @code{scroll-bar} face. |
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635 |
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636 @item scroll-bar-background |
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637 If non-@code{nil}, the color for the background of scroll bars. It is |
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638 equivalent to the @code{:background} attribute of the |
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639 @code{scroll-bar} face. |
54030 | 640 |
641 @item wait-for-wm | |
642 If non-@code{nil}, tell Xt to wait for the window manager to confirm | |
643 geometry changes. Some window managers, including versions of Fvwm2 | |
644 and KDE, fail to confirm, so Xt hangs. Set this to @code{nil} to | |
645 prevent hanging with those window managers. | |
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646 @end table |
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647 |
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648 @node Size and Position |
6547 | 649 @subsection Frame Size And Position |
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650 @cindex size of frame |
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651 @cindex screen size |
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652 @cindex frame size |
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653 @cindex resize frame |
6547 | 654 |
655 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the | |
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656 frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and |
7684
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657 @code{width}. Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen |
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658 by the window manager in its usual fashion. |
6547 | 659 |
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660 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions. |
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661 (For the precise meaning of ``selected frame'' used by these functions, |
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662 see @ref{Input Focus}.) |
6547 | 663 |
664 @defun set-frame-position frame left top | |
12098 | 665 This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to |
666 @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured in pixels, and | |
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667 normally count from the top left corner of the screen. |
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668 |
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669 Negative parameter values position the bottom edge of the window up from |
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670 the bottom edge of the screen, or the right window edge to the left of |
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671 the right edge of the screen. It would probably be better if the values |
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672 were always counted from the left and top, so that negative arguments |
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673 would position the frame partly off the top or left edge of the screen, |
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674 but it seems inadvisable to change that now. |
6547 | 675 @end defun |
676 | |
677 @defun frame-height &optional frame | |
678 @defunx frame-width &optional frame | |
679 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
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680 lines and columns. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the |
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681 selected frame. |
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682 @end defun |
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683 |
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684 @defun screen-height |
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685 @defunx screen-width |
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686 These functions are old aliases for @code{frame-height} and |
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687 @code{frame-width}. When you are using a non-window terminal, the size |
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688 of the frame is normally the same as the size of the terminal screen. |
6547 | 689 @end defun |
690 | |
691 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame | |
692 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame | |
693 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
694 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame. | |
695 @end defun | |
696 | |
697 @defun frame-char-height &optional frame | |
698 @defunx frame-char-width &optional frame | |
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699 These functions return the height and width of a character in |
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700 @var{frame}, measured in pixels. The values depend on the choice of |
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701 font. If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected |
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702 frame. |
6547 | 703 @end defun |
704 | |
705 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows | |
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706 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters; |
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707 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. |
6547 | 708 |
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709 To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use |
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710 @code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert |
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711 them to units of characters. |
6547 | 712 @end defun |
713 | |
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714 @defun set-frame-height frame lines &optional pretend |
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715 This function resizes @var{frame} to a height of @var{lines} lines. The |
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716 sizes of existing windows in @var{frame} are altered proportionally to |
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717 fit. |
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718 |
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719 If @var{pretend} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays @var{lines} |
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720 lines of output in @var{frame}, but does not change its value for the |
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721 actual height of the frame. This is only useful for a terminal frame. |
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722 Using a smaller height than the terminal actually implements may be |
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723 useful to reproduce behavior observed on a smaller screen, or if the |
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724 terminal malfunctions when using its whole screen. Setting the frame |
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725 height ``for real'' does not always work, because knowing the correct |
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726 actual size may be necessary for correct cursor positioning on a |
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727 terminal frame. |
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728 @end defun |
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729 |
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730 @defun set-frame-width frame width &optional pretend |
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731 This function sets the width of @var{frame}, measured in characters. |
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732 The argument @var{pretend} has the same meaning as in |
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733 @code{set-frame-height}. |
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734 @end defun |
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735 |
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736 @findex set-screen-height |
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737 @findex set-screen-width |
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738 The older functions @code{set-screen-height} and |
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739 @code{set-screen-width} were used to specify the height and width of the |
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740 screen, in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames. They |
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741 are semi-obsolete, but still work; they apply to the selected frame. |
6547 | 742 |
743 @defun x-parse-geometry geom | |
744 @cindex geometry specification | |
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745 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X window |
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746 geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to |
6547 | 747 @code{make-frame}. |
748 | |
749 The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and | |
750 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like | |
751 @code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{parameter} | |
752 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}. | |
753 | |
12067 | 754 For the size parameters, the value must be an integer. The position |
755 parameter names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate, | |
756 because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges | |
757 instead. These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position | |
758 parameters: | |
759 | |
760 @table @asis | |
761 @item an integer | |
762 A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to | |
763 the left or top edge of the screen. A negative integer relates the | |
764 right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the | |
765 screen. | |
766 | |
12098 | 767 @item @code{(+ @var{position})} |
12067 | 768 This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window |
769 relative to the left or top edge of the screen. The integer | |
770 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
771 position outside the screen. | |
772 | |
12098 | 773 @item @code{(- @var{position})} |
12067 | 774 This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window |
775 relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen. The integer | |
776 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
777 position outside the screen. | |
778 @end table | |
779 | |
780 Here is an example: | |
781 | |
12098 | 782 @example |
6547 | 783 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0") |
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784 @result{} ((height . 70) (width . 35) |
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785 (top - 0) (left . 0)) |
12098 | 786 @end example |
6547 | 787 @end defun |
788 | |
12067 | 789 @node Frame Titles |
790 @section Frame Titles | |
791 | |
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792 Every frame has a @code{name} parameter; this serves as the default |
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793 for the frame title which window systems typically display at the top of |
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794 the frame. You can specify a name explicitly by setting the @code{name} |
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795 frame property. |
12067 | 796 |
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797 Normally you don't specify the name explicitly, and Emacs computes the |
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798 frame name automatically based on a template stored in the variable |
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799 @code{frame-title-format}. Emacs recomputes the name each time the |
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800 frame is redisplayed. |
12067 | 801 |
802 @defvar frame-title-format | |
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803 This variable specifies how to compute a name for a frame when you have |
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804 not explicitly specified one. The variable's value is actually a mode |
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805 line construct, just like @code{mode-line-format}. @xref{Mode Line |
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806 Data}. |
12067 | 807 @end defvar |
808 | |
809 @defvar icon-title-format | |
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810 This variable specifies how to compute the name for an iconified frame, |
12067 | 811 when you have not explicitly specified the frame title. This title |
812 appears in the icon itself. | |
813 @end defvar | |
814 | |
815 @defvar multiple-frames | |
816 This variable is set automatically by Emacs. Its value is @code{t} when | |
817 there are two or more frames (not counting minibuffer-only frames or | |
818 invisible frames). The default value of @code{frame-title-format} uses | |
819 @code{multiple-frames} so as to put the buffer name in the frame title | |
820 only when there is more than one frame. | |
821 @end defvar | |
822 | |
6547 | 823 @node Deleting Frames |
824 @section Deleting Frames | |
825 @cindex deletion of frames | |
826 | |
827 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete} | |
828 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to | |
829 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it. There is no | |
830 way to cancel the deletion of a frame aside from restoring a saved frame | |
831 configuration (@pxref{Frame Configurations}); this is similar to the | |
832 way windows behave. | |
833 | |
26388 | 834 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame force |
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835 @vindex delete-frame-functions |
34015 | 836 This function deletes the frame @var{frame} after running the hook |
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837 @code{delete-frame-functions} (each function gets one argument, |
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838 @var{frame}). By default, @var{frame} is the selected frame. |
26388 | 839 |
840 A frame cannot be deleted if its minibuffer is used by other frames. | |
841 Normally, you cannot delete a frame if all other frames are invisible, | |
842 but if the @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, then you are allowed to do so. | |
6547 | 843 @end deffn |
844 | |
845 @defun frame-live-p frame | |
846 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame | |
847 @var{frame} has not been deleted. | |
848 @end defun | |
849 | |
12067 | 850 Some window managers provide a command to delete a window. These work |
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851 by sending a special message to the program that operates the window. |
12067 | 852 When Emacs gets one of these commands, it generates a |
853 @code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that | |
854 calls the function @code{delete-frame}. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
855 | |
6547 | 856 @node Finding All Frames |
857 @section Finding All Frames | |
858 | |
859 @defun frame-list | |
860 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that | |
861 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for | |
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862 buffers, and includes frames on all terminals. The list that you get is |
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863 newly created, so modifying the list doesn't have any effect on the |
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864 internals of Emacs. |
6547 | 865 @end defun |
866 | |
867 @defun visible-frame-list | |
868 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames. | |
12067 | 869 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. (Terminal frames always count as |
870 ``visible'', even though only the selected one is actually displayed.) | |
6547 | 871 @end defun |
872 | |
873 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
874 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all | |
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875 the frames on the current display from an arbitrary starting point. It |
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876 returns the ``next'' frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If |
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877 @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame |
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878 (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
6547 | 879 |
880 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider: | |
881 | |
882 @table @asis | |
883 @item @code{nil} | |
884 Exclude minibuffer-only frames. | |
885 @item @code{visible} | |
886 Consider all visible frames. | |
12098 | 887 @item 0 |
888 Consider all visible or iconified frames. | |
6547 | 889 @item a window |
890 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their | |
891 minibuffer. | |
892 @item anything else | |
893 Consider all frames. | |
894 @end table | |
895 @end defun | |
896 | |
897 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
898 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite | |
899 direction. | |
900 @end defun | |
901 | |
12098 | 902 See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic |
903 Window Ordering}. | |
904 | |
6547 | 905 @node Frames and Windows |
906 @section Frames and Windows | |
907 | |
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908 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame |
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909 with @code{window-frame}. |
6547 | 910 |
911 @defun window-frame window | |
912 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
913 @end defun | |
914 | |
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915 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic |
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916 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the |
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917 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at |
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918 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has |
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919 one), and then it moves back to the top. @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. |
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920 |
54030 | 921 @defun frame-first-window &optional frame |
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922 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}. |
54030 | 923 If omitted or @code{nil}, @var{frame} defaults to the selected frame. |
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924 @end defun |
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925 |
6547 | 926 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the |
927 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the | |
928 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current | |
929 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}. | |
930 | |
54030 | 931 @defun frame-selected-window &optional frame |
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932 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected within |
54030 | 933 @var{frame}. If omitted or @code{nil}, @var{frame} defaults to the selected frame. |
6547 | 934 @end defun |
935 | |
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936 @defun set-frame-selected-window frame window |
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937 This sets the selected window of frame @var{frame} to @var{window}. |
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938 If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it operates on the selected frame. If |
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939 @var{frame} is the selected frame, this makes @var{window} the |
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940 selected window. |
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941 @end defun |
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942 |
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943 Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also |
6547 | 944 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}. |
945 | |
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946 Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a given |
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947 frame is @code{minibuffer-window}. @xref{Minibuffer Misc}. |
12098 | 948 |
6547 | 949 @node Minibuffers and Frames |
950 @section Minibuffers and Frames | |
951 | |
952 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which | |
953 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, | |
954 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}). | |
955 | |
956 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame | |
957 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the | |
12098 | 958 frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some |
959 other frame). If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame | |
960 which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its | |
961 value should be a frame that does have a minibuffer. | |
6547 | 962 |
963 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise | |
964 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable | |
965 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}. | |
966 | |
12067 | 967 @defvar default-minibuffer-frame |
968 This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by | |
12098 | 969 default. It is always local to the current terminal and cannot be |
12067 | 970 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
971 @end defvar | |
972 | |
6547 | 973 @node Input Focus |
974 @section Input Focus | |
975 @cindex input focus | |
976 @cindex selected frame | |
977 | |
978 At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected | |
979 window always resides on the selected frame. | |
980 | |
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981 When Emacs displays its frames on several terminals (@pxref{Multiple |
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982 Displays}), each terminal has its own selected frame. But only one of |
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983 these is ``@emph{the} selected frame'': it's the frame that belongs to |
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984 the terminal from which the most recent input came. That is, when Emacs |
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985 runs a command that came from a certain terminal, the selected frame is |
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986 the one of that terminal. Since Emacs runs only a single command at any |
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987 given time, it needs to consider only one selected frame at a time; this |
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988 frame is what we call @dfn{the selected frame} in this manual. The |
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989 display on which the selected frame is displayed is the @dfn{selected |
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990 frame's display}. |
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991 |
6547 | 992 @defun selected-frame |
993 This function returns the selected frame. | |
994 @end defun | |
995 | |
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996 Some window systems and window managers direct keyboard input to the |
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997 window object that the mouse is in; others require explicit clicks or |
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998 commands to @dfn{shift the focus} to various window objects. Either |
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999 way, Emacs automatically keeps track of which frame has the focus. |
6547 | 1000 |
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1001 Lisp programs can also switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling the |
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1002 function @code{select-frame}. This does not alter the window system's |
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1003 concept of focus; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control |
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1004 until that control is somehow reasserted. |
6547 | 1005 |
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1006 When using a text-only terminal, only the selected terminal frame is |
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1007 actually displayed on the terminal. @code{switch-frame} is the only way |
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1008 to switch frames, and the change lasts until overridden by a subsequent |
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1009 call to @code{switch-frame}. Each terminal screen except for the |
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1010 initial one has a number, and the number of the selected frame appears |
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1011 in the mode line before the buffer name (@pxref{Mode Line Variables}). |
12067 | 1012 |
6547 | 1013 @c ??? This is not yet implemented properly. |
1014 @defun select-frame frame | |
1015 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the | |
12067 | 1016 focus of the X server if any. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until |
1017 the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or | |
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1018 until the next time this function is called. The specified @var{frame} |
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1019 becomes the selected frame, as explained above, and the terminal that |
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1020 @var{frame} is on becomes the selected terminal. |
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1021 |
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1022 In general, you should never use @code{select-frame} in a way that could |
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1023 switch to a different terminal without switching back when you're done. |
6547 | 1024 @end defun |
1025 | |
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1026 Emacs cooperates with the window system by arranging to select frames as |
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1027 the server and window manager request. It does so by generating a |
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1028 special kind of input event, called a @dfn{focus} event, when |
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1029 appropriate. The command loop handles a focus event by calling |
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1030 @code{handle-switch-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}. |
6547 | 1031 |
1032 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame | |
1033 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}. | |
1034 | |
1035 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command. | |
1036 Don't call it for any other reason. | |
1037 @end deffn | |
1038 | |
54030 | 1039 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame &optional focus-frame |
6547 | 1040 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}. |
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1041 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes and |
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1042 events intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of |
6547 | 1043 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame |
1044 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}. | |
1045 | |
54030 | 1046 If @var{focus-frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, that cancels any existing |
6547 | 1047 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own |
1048 events. | |
1049 | |
1050 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers. | |
1051 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer | |
1052 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on | |
1053 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains | |
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1054 in the frame that activated the minibuffer. |
6547 | 1055 |
1056 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame | |
1057 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections | |
1058 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This | |
1059 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from | |
1060 one frame to another using @code{select-window}. | |
1061 | |
1062 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated | |
1063 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected. | |
1064 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter. | |
1065 | |
1066 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to | |
1067 change it. | |
1068 @end defun | |
1069 | |
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1070 @defopt focus-follows-mouse |
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1071 This option is how you inform Emacs whether the window manager transfers |
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1072 focus when the user moves the mouse. Non-@code{nil} says that it does. |
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1073 When this is so, the command @code{other-frame} moves the mouse to a |
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1074 position consistent with the new selected frame. |
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1075 @end defopt |
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1076 |
6547 | 1077 @node Visibility of Frames |
1078 @section Visibility of Frames | |
1079 @cindex visible frame | |
1080 @cindex invisible frame | |
1081 @cindex iconified frame | |
1082 @cindex frame visibility | |
1083 | |
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1084 A window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or |
12067 | 1085 @dfn{iconified}. If it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is |
1086 iconified, the frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon | |
1087 does. If the frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not | |
1088 even as an icon. | |
1089 | |
1090 Visibility is meaningless for terminal frames, since only the selected | |
1091 one is actually displayed in any case. | |
6547 | 1092 |
1093 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame | |
1094 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame}, | |
1095 it makes the selected frame visible. | |
1096 @end deffn | |
1097 | |
1098 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame | |
1099 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible. If you omit | |
1100 @var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible. | |
1101 @end deffn | |
1102 | |
1103 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame | |
1104 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}. If you omit @var{frame}, it | |
1105 iconifies the selected frame. | |
1106 @end deffn | |
1107 | |
1108 @defun frame-visible-p frame | |
1109 This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}. The value is | |
1110 @code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and | |
1111 @code{icon} if it is iconified. | |
1112 @end defun | |
1113 | |
1114 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame | |
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1115 parameter. You can read or change it as such. @xref{Window Frame |
6547 | 1116 Parameters}. |
1117 | |
12067 | 1118 The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager. |
1119 This happens below the level at which Emacs can exert any control, but | |
1120 Emacs does provide events that you can use to keep track of such | |
1121 changes. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
1122 | |
6547 | 1123 @node Raising and Lowering |
1124 @section Raising and Lowering Frames | |
1125 | |
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1126 Most window systems use a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is |
6547 | 1127 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension |
1128 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest'' | |
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1129 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers |
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1130 the one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be |
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1131 seen if no other window overlaps it. |
6547 | 1132 |
1133 @cindex raising a frame | |
1134 @cindex lowering a frame | |
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1135 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend |
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1136 to change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving |
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1137 it ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means |
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1138 moving it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional |
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1139 third dimension only, and does not change the position of the window |
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1140 on the screen. |
6547 | 1141 |
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1142 You can raise and lower Emacs frame Windows with these functions: |
6547 | 1143 |
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1144 @deffn Command raise-frame &optional frame |
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1145 This function raises frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
12067 | 1146 @end deffn |
6547 | 1147 |
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1148 @deffn Command lower-frame &optional frame |
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1149 This function lowers frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
12067 | 1150 @end deffn |
6547 | 1151 |
1152 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise | |
1153 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame | |
1154 that the minibuffer window is in. | |
1155 @end defopt | |
1156 | |
1157 You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is | |
1158 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected) | |
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1159 for any frame using frame parameters. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
6547 | 1160 |
1161 @node Frame Configurations | |
1162 @section Frame Configurations | |
1163 @cindex frame configuration | |
1164 | |
1165 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames, | |
1166 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one. | |
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1167 (@xref{Window Configurations}.) |
6547 | 1168 |
1169 @defun current-frame-configuration | |
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1170 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes |
6547 | 1171 the current arrangement of frames and their contents. |
1172 @end defun | |
1173 | |
26388 | 1174 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration &optional nodelete |
6547 | 1175 This function restores the state of frames described in |
1176 @var{configuration}. | |
26388 | 1177 |
1178 Ordinarily, this function deletes all existing frames not listed in | |
1179 @var{configuration}. But if @var{nodelete} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
1180 unwanted frames are iconified instead. | |
6547 | 1181 @end defun |
1182 | |
1183 @node Mouse Tracking | |
1184 @section Mouse Tracking | |
1185 @cindex mouse tracking | |
1186 @cindex tracking the mouse | |
1187 | |
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1188 Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display |
6547 | 1189 something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the |
1190 mouse moves. For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until | |
1191 the mouse actually moves. | |
1192 | |
1193 The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent | |
1194 mouse motion. Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event. In | |
1195 addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may | |
1196 occur. That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the | |
1197 mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a | |
1198 button. | |
1199 | |
1200 @defspec track-mouse body@dots{} | |
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1201 This special form executes @var{body}, with generation of mouse motion |
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1202 events enabled. Typically @var{body} would use @code{read-event} to |
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1203 read the motion events and modify the display accordingly. @xref{Motion |
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1204 Events}, for the format of mouse motion events. |
6547 | 1205 |
1206 The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}. | |
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1207 You should design @var{body} to return when it sees the up-event that |
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1208 indicates the release of the button, or whatever kind of event means |
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1209 it is time to stop tracking. |
6547 | 1210 @end defspec |
1211 | |
1212 The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen | |
1213 the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current | |
1214 position. | |
1215 | |
12098 | 1216 In many cases, you can avoid the need to track the mouse by using |
1217 the @code{mouse-face} text property (@pxref{Special Properties}). | |
1218 That works at a much lower level and runs more smoothly than | |
1219 Lisp-level mouse tracking. | |
1220 | |
6547 | 1221 @ignore |
1222 @c These are not implemented yet. | |
1223 | |
1224 These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously. The | |
1225 effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay. That | |
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1226 is OK for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking |
6547 | 1227 to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads |
1228 the events itself and does not do redisplay. | |
1229 | |
1230 @defun x-contour-region window beg end | |
1231 This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg} | |
1232 to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. | |
1233 @end defun | |
1234 | |
1235 @defun x-uncontour-region window beg end | |
1236 This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text | |
1237 from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. Use it to remove | |
1238 a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}. | |
1239 @end defun | |
1240 | |
1241 @defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
1242 This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
1243 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
1244 left corner. It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the | |
1245 location of point. | |
1246 @end defun | |
1247 | |
1248 @defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
1249 This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
1250 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
1251 left corner. Erasure means redrawing the text and background that | |
1252 normally belong in the specified rectangle. | |
1253 @end defun | |
1254 @end ignore | |
1255 | |
1256 @node Mouse Position | |
1257 @section Mouse Position | |
1258 @cindex mouse position | |
1259 @cindex position of mouse | |
1260 | |
1261 The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position} | |
1262 give access to the current position of the mouse. | |
1263 | |
1264 @defun mouse-position | |
1265 This function returns a description of the position of the mouse. The | |
1266 value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x} | |
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1267 and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to |
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1268 the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}. |
6547 | 1269 @end defun |
1270 | |
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1271 @defvar mouse-position-function |
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1272 If non-@code{nil}, the value of this variable is a function for |
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1273 @code{mouse-position} to call. @code{mouse-position} calls this |
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1274 function just before returning, with its normal return value as the |
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1275 sole argument, and it returns whatever this function returns to it. |
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1276 |
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1277 This abnormal hook exists for the benefit of packages like |
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1278 @file{xt-mouse.el} that need to do mouse handling at the Lisp level. |
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1279 @end defvar |
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1280 |
6547 | 1281 @defun set-mouse-position frame x y |
1282 This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in | |
1283 frame @var{frame}. The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers, | |
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1284 giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the |
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1285 inside of @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is not visible, this function |
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1286 does nothing. The return value is not significant. |
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1287 @end defun |
6547 | 1288 |
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1289 @defun mouse-pixel-position |
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1290 This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns |
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1291 coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters. |
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1292 @end defun |
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1293 |
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1294 @defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y |
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1295 This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that |
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1296 @var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of |
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1297 characters. These coordinates are not required to be within the frame. |
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1298 |
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1299 If @var{frame} is not visible, this function does nothing. The return |
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1300 value is not significant. |
6547 | 1301 @end defun |
1302 | |
1303 @need 3000 | |
1304 | |
1305 @node Pop-Up Menus | |
1306 @section Pop-Up Menus | |
1307 | |
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1308 When using a window system, a Lisp program can pop up a menu so that |
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1309 the user can choose an alternative with the mouse. |
12067 | 1310 |
6547 | 1311 @defun x-popup-menu position menu |
1312 This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of | |
1313 what selection the user makes. | |
1314 | |
1315 The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the | |
1316 menu. It can be either a mouse button event (which says to put the menu | |
1317 where the user actuated the button) or a list of this form: | |
1318 | |
1319 @example | |
1320 ((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window}) | |
1321 @end example | |
1322 | |
1323 @noindent | |
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1324 where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in |
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1325 pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}'s frame. |
6547 | 1326 |
1327 If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse | |
1328 position. If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the | |
1329 key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu}, | |
1330 without actually displaying or popping up the menu. | |
1331 | |
1332 The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu. It can be a | |
1333 keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). Alternatively, it | |
1334 can have the following form: | |
1335 | |
1336 @example | |
1337 (@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...) | |
1338 @end example | |
1339 | |
1340 @noindent | |
1341 where each pane is a list of form | |
1342 | |
1343 @example | |
12098 | 1344 (@var{title} (@var{line} . @var{item})...) |
6547 | 1345 @end example |
1346 | |
1347 Each @var{line} should be a string, and each @var{item} should be the | |
1348 value to return if that @var{line} is chosen. | |
1349 @end defun | |
1350 | |
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1351 @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu |
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1352 if you could do the job with a prefix key defined with a menu keymap. |
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1353 If you use a menu keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h |
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1354 a} can see the individual items in that menu and provide help for them. |
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1355 If instead you implement the menu by defining a command that calls |
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1356 @code{x-popup-menu}, the help facilities cannot know what happens inside |
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1357 that command, so they cannot give any help for the menu's items. |
14200
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1358 |
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1359 The menu bar mechanism, which lets you switch between submenus by |
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1360 moving the mouse, cannot look within the definition of a command to see |
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1361 that it calls @code{x-popup-menu}. Therefore, if you try to implement a |
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1362 submenu using @code{x-popup-menu}, it cannot work with the menu bar in |
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1363 an integrated fashion. This is why all menu bar submenus are |
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1364 implemented with menu keymaps within the parent menu, and never with |
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1365 @code{x-popup-menu}. @xref{Menu Bar}, |
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1366 |
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1367 If you want a menu bar submenu to have contents that vary, you should |
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1368 still use a menu keymap to implement it. To make the contents vary, add |
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1369 a hook function to @code{menu-bar-update-hook} to update the contents of |
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1370 the menu keymap as necessary. |
6547 | 1371 |
1372 @node Dialog Boxes | |
1373 @section Dialog Boxes | |
1374 @cindex dialog boxes | |
1375 | |
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1376 A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu---it looks a little |
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1377 different, it always appears in the center of a frame, and it has just |
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1378 one level and one pane. The main use of dialog boxes is for asking |
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1379 questions that the user can answer with ``yes'', ``no'', and a few other |
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1380 alternatives. The functions @code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use |
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1381 dialog boxes instead of the keyboard, when called from commands invoked |
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1382 by mouse clicks. |
6547 | 1383 |
1384 @defun x-popup-dialog position contents | |
1385 This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of | |
1386 what selection the user makes. The argument @var{contents} specifies | |
1387 the alternatives to offer; it has this format: | |
1388 | |
1389 @example | |
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1390 (@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{}) |
6547 | 1391 @end example |
1392 | |
1393 @noindent | |
1394 which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for | |
1395 @code{x-popup-menu}. | |
1396 | |
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1397 The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative. |
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1398 |
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1399 An element of the list may be just a string instead of a cons cell |
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1400 @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}. That makes a box that cannot |
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1401 be selected. |
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1402 |
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1403 If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from |
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1404 the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the |
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1405 left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right. If you |
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1406 don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the |
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1407 items appear on each side. |
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1408 |
6547 | 1409 Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument |
1410 @var{position} specifies which frame. The possible values are as in | |
1411 @code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates don't matter; only the | |
1412 frame matters. | |
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1413 |
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1414 In some configurations, Emacs cannot display a real dialog box; so |
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1415 instead it displays the same items in a pop-up menu in the center of the |
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1416 frame. |
6547 | 1417 @end defun |
1418 | |
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1419 @node Pointer Shapes |
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1420 @section Pointer Shapes |
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1421 @cindex pointer shape |
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1422 @cindex mouse pointer shape |
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1423 |
12067 | 1424 These variables specify which shape to use for the mouse pointer in |
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1425 various situations, when using the X Window System: |
7684
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1426 |
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1427 @table @code |
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1428 @item x-pointer-shape |
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1429 @vindex x-pointer-shape |
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1430 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the Emacs |
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1431 frame. |
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1432 |
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1433 @item x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1434 @vindex x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1435 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse |
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1436 is over mouse-sensitive text. |
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1437 @end table |
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1438 |
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1439 These variables affect newly created frames. They do not normally |
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1440 affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a frame, |
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1441 that also updates its pointer shapes based on the current values of |
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1442 these variables. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
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1443 |
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1444 The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are |
15061 | 1445 defined in the file @file{lisp/term/x-win.el}. Use @kbd{M-x apropos |
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1446 @key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them. |
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1447 |
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1448 @node Window System Selections |
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1449 @section Window System Selections |
35476 | 1450 @cindex selection (for window systems) |
6547 | 1451 |
1452 The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of | |
1453 data between application programs. The various selections are | |
1454 distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by | |
1455 symbols. X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for | |
1456 any given type. | |
1457 | |
1458 @defun x-set-selection type data | |
1459 This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server. It takes two | |
1460 arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it, | |
1461 @var{data}. If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the | |
1462 selection. Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer | |
1463 (or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a | |
1464 cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer. An overlay or a pair | |
1465 of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers. | |
1466 | |
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1467 The argument @var{data} may also be a vector of valid non-vector |
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1468 selection values. |
6547 | 1469 |
1470 Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes | |
54030 | 1471 independently. The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY}, |
1472 @code{SECONDARY} and @code{CLIPBOARD}; these are symbols with upper-case | |
1473 names, in accord with X Window System conventions. The default is | |
1474 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
6547 | 1475 @end defun |
1476 | |
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1477 @defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type |
6547 | 1478 This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X |
1479 clients. It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and | |
1480 @var{data-type}. The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is | |
1481 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1482 | |
1483 The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to | |
1484 use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp | |
1485 data. Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING}, | |
54030 | 1486 @code{UTF8_STRING}, |
6547 | 1487 @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE}, @code{FILE_NAME}, |
1488 @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, | |
1489 @code{OWNER_OS}, @code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, | |
1490 @code{NAME}, @code{ATOM}, and @code{INTEGER}. (These are symbols with | |
1491 upper-case names in accord with X conventions.) The default for | |
1492 @var{data-type} is @code{STRING}. | |
1493 @end defun | |
1494 | |
1495 @cindex cut buffer | |
54030 | 1496 The X server also has a set of eight numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can |
6547 | 1497 store text or other data being moved between applications. Cut buffers |
1498 are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X | |
54030 | 1499 clients that still use them. Cut buffers are numbered from 0 to 7. |
6547 | 1500 |
54030 | 1501 @defun x-get-cut-buffer &optional n |
6547 | 1502 This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}. |
54030 | 1503 If omitted @var{n} defaults to 0. |
6547 | 1504 @end defun |
1505 | |
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1506 @anchor{Definition of x-set-cut-buffer} |
26388 | 1507 @defun x-set-cut-buffer string &optional push |
6547 | 1508 This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer |
26388 | 1509 0). If @var{push} is @code{nil}, only the first cut buffer is changed. |
1510 If @var{push} is non-@code{nil}, that says to move the values down | |
1511 through the series of cut buffers, much like the way successive kills in | |
1512 Emacs move down the kill ring. In other words, the previous value of | |
1513 the first cut buffer moves into the second cut buffer, and the second to | |
1514 the third, and so on through all eight cut buffers. | |
6547 | 1515 @end defun |
1516 | |
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1517 @defvar selection-coding-system |
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1518 This variable specifies the coding system to use when reading and |
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1519 writing selections, the clipboard, or a cut buffer. @xref{Coding |
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1520 Systems}. The default is @code{compound-text-with-extensions}, which |
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1521 converts to the text representation that X11 normally uses. |
22742
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1522 @end defvar |
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1523 |
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1524 @cindex clipboard support (for MS-Windows) |
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1525 When Emacs runs on MS-Windows, it does not implement X selections in |
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1526 general, but it does support the clipboard. @code{x-get-selection} |
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1527 and @code{x-set-selection} on MS-Windows support the text data type |
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1528 only; if the clipboard holds other types of data, Emacs treats the |
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1529 clipboard as empty. |
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1530 |
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1531 @defopt x-select-enable-clipboard |
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1532 If this is non-@code{nil}, the Emacs yank functions consult the |
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1533 clipboard before the primary selection, and the kill functions store in |
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1534 the clipboard as well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not |
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1535 access the clipboard at all. The default is @code{nil} on most systems, |
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1536 but @code{t} on MS-Windows. |
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1537 @end defopt |
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1538 |
12098 | 1539 @node Color Names |
1540 @section Color Names | |
6547 | 1541 |
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1542 These functions provide a way to determine which color names are |
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1543 valid, and what they look like. In some cases, the value depends on the |
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1544 @dfn{selected frame}, as described below; see @ref{Input Focus}, for the |
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1545 meaning of the term ``selected frame''. |
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1546 |
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1547 @defun color-defined-p color &optional frame |
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1548 @tindex color-defined-p |
8712 | 1549 This function reports whether a color name is meaningful. It returns |
12676
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1550 @code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}. The argument @var{frame} says |
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1551 which frame's display to ask about; if @var{frame} is omitted or |
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1552 @code{nil}, the selected frame is used. |
8712 | 1553 |
1554 Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using | |
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1555 really supports that color. When using X, you can ask for any defined |
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1556 color on any kind of display, and you will get some result---typically, |
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1557 the closest it can do. To determine whether a frame can really display |
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1558 a certain color, use @code{color-supported-p} (see below). |
8712 | 1559 |
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1560 @findex x-color-defined-p |
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1561 This function used to be called @code{x-color-defined-p}, |
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1562 and that name is still supported as an alias. |
8712 | 1563 @end defun |
6547 | 1564 |
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1565 @defun defined-colors &optional frame |
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1566 @tindex defined-colors |
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1567 This function returns a list of the color names that are defined |
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1568 and supported on frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
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1569 |
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1570 @findex x-defined-colors |
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1571 This function used to be called @code{x-defined-colors}, |
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1572 and that name is still supported as an alias. |
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1573 @end defun |
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1574 |
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1575 @defun color-supported-p color &optional frame background-p |
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1576 @tindex color-supported-p |
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1577 This returns @code{t} if @var{frame} can really display the color |
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1578 @var{color} (or at least something close to it). If @var{frame} is |
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1579 omitted or @code{nil}, the question applies to the selected frame. |
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1580 |
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1581 Some terminals support a different set of colors for foreground and |
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1582 background. If @var{background-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means you are |
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1583 asking whether @var{color} can be used as a background; otherwise you |
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1584 are asking whether it can be used as a foreground. |
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1585 |
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1586 The argument @var{color} must be a valid color name. |
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1587 @end defun |
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1588 |
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1589 @defun color-gray-p color &optional frame |
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1590 @tindex color-gray-p |
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1591 This returns @code{t} if @var{color} is a shade of gray, as defined on |
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1592 @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, the |
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1593 question applies to the selected frame. The argument @var{color} must |
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1594 be a valid color name. |
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1595 @end defun |
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1596 |
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1597 @defun color-values color &optional frame |
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1598 @tindex color-values |
8712 | 1599 This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should |
1600 ideally look like. If @var{color} is defined, the value is a list of | |
1601 three integers, which give the amount of red, the amount of green, and | |
1602 the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in principle from 0 to 65535, | |
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1603 but in practice no value seems to be above 65280. This kind |
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1604 of three-element list is called an @dfn{rgb value}. |
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1605 |
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1606 If @var{color} is not defined, the value is @code{nil}. |
8712 | 1607 |
1608 @example | |
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1609 (color-values "black") |
8712 | 1610 @result{} (0 0 0) |
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1611 (color-values "white") |
8712 | 1612 @result{} (65280 65280 65280) |
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1613 (color-values "red") |
8712 | 1614 @result{} (65280 0 0) |
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1615 (color-values "pink") |
8712 | 1616 @result{} (65280 49152 51968) |
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1617 (color-values "hungry") |
8712 | 1618 @result{} nil |
1619 @end example | |
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1620 |
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1621 The color values are returned for @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} |
22252
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1622 is omitted or @code{nil}, the information is returned for the selected |
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1623 frame's display. |
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1624 |
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1625 @findex x-color-values |
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1626 This function used to be called @code{x-color-values}, |
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1627 and that name is still supported as an alias. |
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1628 @end defun |
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1629 |
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1630 @node Text Terminal Colors |
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1631 @section Text Terminal Colors |
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1632 @cindex colors on text-only terminals |
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1633 |
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1634 Emacs can display color on text-only terminals, starting with version |
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1635 21. These terminals usually support only a small number of colors, and |
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1636 the computer uses small integers to select colors on the terminal. This |
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1637 means that the computer cannot reliably tell what the selected color |
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1638 looks like; instead, you have to inform your application which small |
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1639 integers correspond to which colors. However, Emacs does know the |
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1640 standard set of colors and will try to use them automatically. |
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1641 |
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1642 The functions described in this section control how terminal colors |
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1643 are used by Emacs. |
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1644 |
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1645 @cindex rgb value |
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1646 Several of these functions use or return @dfn{rgb values}. An rgb |
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1647 value is a list of three integers, which give the amount of red, the |
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1648 amount of green, and the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in |
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1649 principle from 0 to 65535, but in practice the largest value used is |
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1650 65280. |
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1651 |
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1652 These functions accept a display (either a frame or the name of a |
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1653 terminal) as an optional argument. We hope in the future to make Emacs |
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1654 support more than one text-only terminal at one time; then this argument |
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1655 will specify which terminal to operate on (the default being the |
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1656 selected frame's terminal; @pxref{Input Focus}). At present, though, |
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1657 the @var{display} argument has no effect. |
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1658 |
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1659 @defun tty-color-define name number &optional rgb display |
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1660 @tindex tty-color-define |
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1661 This function associates the color name @var{name} with |
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1662 color number @var{number} on the terminal. |
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1663 |
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1664 The optional argument @var{rgb}, if specified, is an rgb value; it says |
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1665 what the color actually looks like. If you do not specify @var{rgb}, |
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1666 then this color cannot be used by @code{tty-color-approximate} to |
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1667 approximate other colors, because Emacs does not know what it looks |
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1668 like. |
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1669 @end defun |
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1670 |
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1671 @defun tty-color-clear &optional display |
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1672 @tindex tty-color-clear |
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1673 This function clears the table of defined colors for a text-only terminal. |
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1674 @end defun |
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1675 |
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1676 @defun tty-color-alist &optional display |
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1677 @tindex tty-color-alist |
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1678 This function returns an alist recording the known colors supported by a |
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1679 text-only terminal. |
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1680 |
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1681 Each element has the form @code{(@var{name} @var{number} . @var{rgb})} |
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1682 or @code{(@var{name} @var{number})}. Here, @var{name} is the color |
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1683 name, @var{number} is the number used to specify it to the terminal. |
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1684 If present, @var{rgb} is an rgb value that says what the color |
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1685 actually looks like. |
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1686 @end defun |
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1687 |
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1688 @defun tty-color-approximate rgb &optional display |
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1689 @tindex tty-color-approximate |
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1690 This function finds the closest color, among the known colors supported |
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1691 for @var{display}, to that described by the rgb value @var{rgb}. |
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1692 @end defun |
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1693 |
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1694 @defun tty-color-translate color &optional display |
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1695 @tindex tty-color-translate |
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1696 This function finds the closest color to @var{color} among the known |
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1697 colors supported for @var{display}. If the name @var{color} is not |
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1698 defined, the value is @code{nil}. |
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1699 |
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1700 @var{color} can be an X-style @code{"#@var{xxxyyyzzz}"} specification |
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1701 instead of an actual name. The format |
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1702 @code{"RGB:@var{xx}/@var{yy}/@var{zz}"} is also supported. |
6547 | 1703 @end defun |
1704 | |
1705 @node Resources | |
1706 @section X Resources | |
1707 | |
12098 | 1708 @defun x-get-resource attribute class &optional component subclass |
6547 | 1709 The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X |
54030 | 1710 Window defaults database. |
6547 | 1711 |
1712 Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}. | |
1713 This function searches using a key of the form | |
8427
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1714 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name |
12098 | 1715 under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs.@var{class}} as |
1716 the class. | |
6547 | 1717 |
1718 The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key | |
1719 and the class, respectively. You must specify both of them or neither. | |
1720 If you specify them, the key is | |
1721 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is | |
12098 | 1722 @samp{Emacs.@var{class}.@var{subclass}}. |
6547 | 1723 @end defun |
1724 | |
21007
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1725 @defvar x-resource-class |
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1726 This variable specifies the application name that @code{x-get-resource} |
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1727 should look up. The default value is @code{"Emacs"}. You can examine X |
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1728 resources for application names other than ``Emacs'' by binding this |
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1729 variable to some other string, around a call to @code{x-get-resource}. |
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1730 @end defvar |
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1731 |
54030 | 1732 @defvar x-resource-name |
1733 This variable specifies the instance name that @code{x-get-resource} | |
1734 should look up. The default value is the name Emacs was invoked with, | |
1735 or the value specified with the @samp{-name} or @samp{-rn} switches. | |
1736 @end defvar | |
1737 | |
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1738 @xref{X Resources,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6547 | 1739 |
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1740 @node Display Feature Testing |
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1741 @section Display Feature Testing |
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1742 @cindex display feature testing |
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1743 |
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1744 The functions in this section describe the basic capabilities of a |
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1745 particular display. Lisp programs can use them to adapt their behavior |
48700 | 1746 to what the display can do. For example, a program that ordinarily uses |
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1747 a popup menu could use the minibuffer if popup menus are not supported. |
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1748 |
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1749 The optional argument @var{display} in these functions specifies which |
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1750 display to ask the question about. It can be a display name, a frame |
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1751 (which designates the display that frame is on), or @code{nil} (which |
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1752 refers to the selected frame's display, @pxref{Input Focus}). |
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1753 |
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1754 @xref{Color Names}, @ref{Text Terminal Colors}, for other functions to |
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1755 obtain information about displays. |
6547 | 1756 |
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1757 @defun display-popup-menus-p &optional display |
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1758 @tindex display-popup-menus-p |
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1759 This function returns @code{t} if popup menus are supported on |
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1760 @var{display}, @code{nil} if not. Support for popup menus requires that |
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1761 the mouse be available, since the user cannot choose menu items without |
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1762 a mouse. |
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1763 @end defun |
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1764 |
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1765 @defun display-graphic-p &optional display |
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1766 @tindex display-graphic-p |
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1767 @cindex frames, more than one on display |
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1768 @cindex fonts, more than one on display |
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1769 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} is a graphic display |
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1770 capable of displaying several frames and several different fonts at |
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1771 once. This is true for displays that use a window system such as X, and |
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1772 false for text-only terminals. |
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1773 @end defun |
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1774 |
27654
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1775 @defun display-mouse-p &optional display |
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1776 @tindex display-mouse-p |
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1777 @cindex mouse, availability |
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1778 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} has a mouse available, |
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1779 @code{nil} if not. |
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1780 @end defun |
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1781 |
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1782 @defun display-color-p &optional display |
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1783 @tindex display-color-p |
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1784 @findex x-display-color-p |
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1785 This function returns @code{t} if the screen is a color screen. |
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1786 It used to be called @code{x-display-color-p}, and that name |
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1787 is still supported as an alias. |
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1788 @end defun |
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1789 |
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1790 @defun display-grayscale-p &optional display |
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|
1791 @tindex display-grayscale-p |
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|
1792 This function returns @code{t} if the screen can display shades of gray. |
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|
1793 (All color displays can do this.) |
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1794 @end defun |
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|
1795 |
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|
1796 @anchor{Display Face Attribute Testing} |
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1797 @defun display-supports-face-attributes-p attributes &optional display |
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1798 @tindex display-supports-face-attributes-p |
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1799 This function returns non-@code{nil} if all the face attributes in |
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|
1800 @var{attributes} are supported (@pxref{Face Attributes}). |
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|
1801 |
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|
1802 The definition of `supported' is somewhat heuristic, but basically |
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parents:
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|
1803 means that a face containing all the attributes in @var{attributes}, |
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|
1804 when merged with the default face for display, can be represented in a |
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|
1805 way that's |
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|
1806 |
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|
1807 @enumerate |
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|
1808 @item |
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|
1809 different in appearance than the default face, and |
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|
1810 |
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|
1811 @item |
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|
1812 `close in spirit' to what the attributes specify, if not exact. |
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|
1813 @end enumerate |
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|
1814 |
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|
1815 Point (2) implies that a @code{:weight black} attribute will be |
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|
1816 satisfied by any display that can display bold, as will |
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|
1817 @code{:foreground "yellow"} as long as some yellowish color can be |
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(Display Feature Testing): Fix typo.
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parents:
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|
1818 displayed, but @code{:slant italic} will @emph{not} be satisfied by |
45744
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|
1819 the tty display code's automatic substitution of a `dim' face for |
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|
1820 italic. |
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|
1821 @end defun |
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|
1822 |
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1823 @defun display-selections-p &optional display |
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1824 @tindex display-selections-p |
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|
1825 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} supports selections. |
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1826 Windowed displays normally support selections, but they may also be |
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1827 supported in some other cases. |
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1828 @end defun |
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|
1829 |
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|
1830 @defun display-images-p &optional display |
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|
1831 This function returns @code{t} if @var{display} can display images. |
39221
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|
1832 Windowed displays ought in principle to handle images, but some |
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|
1833 systems lack the support for that. On a display that does not support |
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|
1834 images, Emacs cannot display a tool bar. |
39197
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|
1835 @end defun |
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|
1836 |
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1837 @defun display-screens &optional display |
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|
1838 @tindex display-screens |
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|
1839 This function returns the number of screens associated with the display. |
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|
1840 @end defun |
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1841 |
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1842 @defun display-pixel-height &optional display |
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|
1843 @tindex display-pixel-height |
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|
1844 This function returns the height of the screen in pixels. |
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|
1845 @end defun |
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|
1846 |
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1847 @defun display-mm-height &optional display |
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|
1848 @tindex display-mm-height |
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|
1849 This function returns the height of the screen in millimeters, |
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|
1850 or @code{nil} if Emacs cannot get that information. |
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1851 @end defun |
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|
1852 |
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|
1853 @defun display-pixel-width &optional display |
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|
1854 @tindex display-pixel-width |
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|
1855 This function returns the width of the screen in pixels. |
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|
1856 @end defun |
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|
1857 |
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|
1858 @defun display-mm-width &optional display |
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|
1859 @tindex display-mm-width |
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|
1860 This function returns the width of the screen in millimeters, |
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|
1861 or @code{nil} if Emacs cannot get that information. |
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|
1862 @end defun |
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|
1863 |
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|
1864 @defun display-backing-store &optional display |
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|
1865 @tindex display-backing-store |
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|
1866 This function returns the backing store capability of the display. |
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1867 Backing store means recording the pixels of windows (and parts of |
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1868 windows) that are not exposed, so that when exposed they can be |
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|
1869 displayed very quickly. |
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|
1870 |
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|
1871 Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or |
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|
1872 @code{not-useful}. The function can also return @code{nil} |
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1873 when the question is inapplicable to a certain kind of display. |
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1874 @end defun |
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1875 |
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|
1876 @defun display-save-under &optional display |
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|
1877 @tindex display-save-under |
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|
1878 This function returns non-@code{nil} if the display supports the |
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|
1879 SaveUnder feature. That feature is used by pop-up windows |
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1880 to save the pixels they obscure, so that they can pop down |
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1881 quickly. |
27532
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1882 @end defun |
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|
1883 |
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1884 @defun display-planes &optional display |
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|
1885 @tindex display-planes |
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|
1886 This function returns the number of planes the display supports. |
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1887 This is typically the number of bits per pixel. |
35037 | 1888 For a tty display, it is log to base two of the number of colours supported. |
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1889 @end defun |
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|
1890 |
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|
1891 @defun display-visual-class &optional display |
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|
1892 @tindex display-visual-class |
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|
1893 This function returns the visual class for the screen. The value is one |
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|
1894 of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale}, |
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|
1895 @code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and |
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|
1896 @code{direct-color}. |
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|
1897 @end defun |
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|
1898 |
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|
1899 @defun display-color-cells &optional display |
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|
1900 @tindex display-color-cells |
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|
1901 This function returns the number of color cells the screen supports. |
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|
1902 @end defun |
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1903 |
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|
1904 These functions obtain additional information specifically |
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|
1905 about X displays. |
6547 | 1906 |
12067 | 1907 @defun x-server-version &optional display |
1908 This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server | |
1909 running the display. | |
6547 | 1910 @end defun |
1911 | |
12067 | 1912 @defun x-server-vendor &optional display |
1913 This function returns the vendor that provided the X server software. | |
6547 | 1914 @end defun |
1915 | |
1916 @ignore | |
1917 @defvar x-no-window-manager | |
22138
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|
1918 This variable's value is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use. |
6547 | 1919 @end defvar |
1920 @end ignore | |
1921 | |
1922 @ignore | |
1923 @item | |
1924 The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the | |
1925 width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels. | |
1926 @end ignore | |
52401 | 1927 |
1928 @ignore | |
1929 arch-tag: 94977df6-3dca-4730-b57b-c6329e9282ba | |
1930 @end ignore |