Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/xresources.texi @ 51270:827c306f0515
Add missing code from previous patch by David Ponce.
author | Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com> |
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date | Tue, 27 May 2003 22:34:58 +0000 |
parents | 0314017693af |
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
49322 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1987,93,94,95,1997,2001,03 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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4 @node X Resources, Antinews, Command Arguments, Top |
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5 @appendix X Options and Resources |
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6 |
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7 You can customize some X-related aspects of Emacs behavior using X |
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8 resources, as is usual for programs that use X. On MS-Windows, you |
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9 can customize some of the same aspects using the system registry. |
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10 @xref{MS-Windows Registry}. X resources are the only way to customize |
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11 tooltip windows and LessTif menus, since the libraries that implement |
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12 them don't provide for customization through Emacs. This appendix |
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13 describes the X resources that Emacs recognizes and how to use them. |
40591 | 14 |
15 @menu | |
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16 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general). |
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17 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs. |
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18 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces. |
40591 | 19 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. |
20 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. | |
49322 | 21 * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets. |
40591 | 22 @end menu |
23 | |
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24 @node Resources |
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25 @appendixsec X Resources |
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26 @cindex resources |
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27 @cindex X resources |
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28 @cindex @file{~/.Xdefaults} file |
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29 @cindex @file{~/.Xresources} file |
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30 |
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31 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user |
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32 options under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify |
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33 default values for these options in your X resources file, usually |
48045 | 34 named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or @file{~/.Xresources}. |
35 If changes in @file{~/.Xdefaults} do not | |
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36 take effect, it is because your X server stores its own list of |
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37 resources; to update them, use the shell command @command{xrdb}---for |
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38 instance, @samp{xrdb ~/.Xdefaults}. |
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39 |
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40 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a |
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41 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs |
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42 (optionally even for all programs). |
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43 |
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44 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows) |
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45 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but |
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46 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows |
44326 | 47 Registry, under the key @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} |
48 and then under the key @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}. | |
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49 |
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50 Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also |
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51 define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in |
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52 Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the |
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53 internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width |
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54 of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the |
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55 @samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these |
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56 names. |
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57 |
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58 In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource |
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59 on one line, like this: |
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60 |
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61 @example |
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62 emacs.borderWidth: 2 |
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63 @end example |
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64 |
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65 @noindent |
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66 Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources |
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67 in that class. Here's an example: |
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68 |
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69 @example |
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70 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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71 @end example |
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72 |
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73 If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all |
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74 resources in that class. You can specify values for individual |
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75 resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular |
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76 resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all |
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77 borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border: |
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78 |
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79 @example |
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80 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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81 emacs.borderWidth: 4 |
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82 @end example |
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83 |
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84 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. |
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85 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. |
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86 |
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87 The string @samp{emacs} in the examples above is also a resource |
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88 name. It actually represents the name of the executable file that you |
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89 invoke to run Emacs. If Emacs is installed under a different name, it |
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90 looks for resources under that name instead of @samp{emacs}. |
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91 |
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92 @table @samp |
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93 @item -name @var{name} |
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94 @opindex --name |
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95 @itemx --name=@var{name} |
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96 @cindex resource name, command-line argument |
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97 Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial |
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98 Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp |
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99 programs can specify frame names when they create frames. |
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100 |
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101 If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs |
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102 executable's name as the resource name. |
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103 |
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104 @item -xrm @var{resource-values} |
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105 @opindex --xrm |
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106 @itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values} |
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107 @cindex resource values, command-line argument |
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108 Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below). |
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109 @end table |
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110 |
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111 For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for |
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112 other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame. |
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113 |
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114 The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its |
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115 name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of |
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116 @samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs, |
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117 regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable |
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118 file. Here is an example: |
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119 |
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120 @example |
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121 Emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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122 Emacs.borderWidth: 4 |
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123 @end example |
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124 |
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125 You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to |
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126 use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text |
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127 @var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file |
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128 of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in |
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129 @var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file. |
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130 You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full |
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131 of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm} |
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132 take precedence over all other resource specifications. |
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133 |
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134 One way to experiment with the effect of different resource settings |
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135 is to use the @code{editres} program. Select @samp{Get Tree} from the |
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136 @samp{Commands} menu, then click on an Emacs frame. This will display |
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137 a tree showing the structure of X toolkit widgets used in an Emacs |
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138 frame. Select one of them, such as @samp{menubar}, then select |
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139 @samp{Show Resource Box} from the @samp{Commands} menu. This displays |
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140 a list of all the meaningful X resources and allows you to edit them. |
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141 Changes take effect immediately if you click on the @samp{Apply} button. |
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142 |
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143 @node Table of Resources |
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144 @appendixsec Table of X Resources for Emacs |
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145 |
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146 This table lists the resource names that designate options for |
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147 Emacs, not counting those for the appearance of the menu bar, each |
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148 with the class that it belongs to: |
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149 |
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150 @table @asis |
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151 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) |
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152 Background color name. |
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153 |
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154 @item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon}) |
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155 Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window |
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156 manager choose an icon if @samp{off}. |
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157 |
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158 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) |
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159 Color name for the external border. |
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160 |
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161 @item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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162 Width in pixels of the external border. |
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163 |
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164 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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165 Color name for text cursor (point). |
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166 |
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167 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) |
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168 Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}). |
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169 |
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170 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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171 Color name for text. |
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172 |
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173 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) |
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174 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as |
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175 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well |
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176 as the Emacs frame itself. |
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177 |
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178 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the |
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179 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame |
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180 name, only that frame). However, the size, if specified here, applies to |
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181 all frames. |
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182 |
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183 @item @code{fullscreen} (class @code{Fullscreen}) |
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184 The desired fullscreen size. The value can be one of @code{fullboth}, |
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185 @code{fullwidth} or @code{fullheight}, which correspond to |
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186 the command-line options @samp{-fs}, @samp{-fw}, and @samp{-fh} |
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187 (@pxref{Window Size X}). |
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188 |
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189 Note that this applies to all frames created, not just the initial |
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190 one. |
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191 |
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192 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) |
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193 Name to display in the icon. |
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194 |
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195 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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196 Width in pixels of the internal border. |
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197 |
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198 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class @code{LineSpacing}) |
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199 @cindex line spacing |
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200 @cindex leading |
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201 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
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202 |
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203 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
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205 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if |
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206 @samp{off}. @xref{Lucid Resources}, and @ref{LessTif Resources}, for |
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207 how to control the appearance of the menu bar if you have one. |
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208 |
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209 @item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer}) |
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210 If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame. |
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211 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. |
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212 |
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213 @item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font}) |
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214 @cindex font for menus |
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215 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. |
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216 |
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217 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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218 Color of the mouse cursor. |
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219 |
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220 @item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap}) |
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221 If @samp{on}, use a private color map, in the case where the ``default |
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222 visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it. |
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223 |
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224 @item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo}) |
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225 Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as |
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226 specified if @samp{off}. |
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227 |
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228 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
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229 @cindex gamma correction |
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230 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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231 @code{screen-gamma}. |
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232 |
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234 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For |
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235 toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif |
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236 Resources}.) |
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237 |
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239 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. | |
240 If the selection owner doesn't reply in this time, we give up. | |
241 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. | |
242 | |
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243 @item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous}) |
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244 @cindex debugging X problems |
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245 @cindex synchronous X mode |
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246 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is |
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247 useful for debugging X problems. |
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248 |
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249 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
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250 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. |
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251 |
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252 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
51131 | 253 @cindex tool bar |
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254 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
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255 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
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256 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
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257 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
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258 |
51131 | 259 @item @code{useXIM} (class @code{UseXIM}) |
260 @cindex XIM | |
261 @cindex X input methods | |
262 @cindex input methods, X | |
263 Turn off use of X input methods (XIM) if @samp{false} or @samp{off}. | |
264 This is only relevant if your Emacs is actually built with XIM | |
265 support. It is potentially useful to turn off XIM for efficiency, | |
266 especially slow X client/server links. | |
267 | |
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268 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) |
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269 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if |
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270 @samp{off}. |
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271 @end table |
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272 |
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273 @node Face Resources |
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274 @appendixsec X Resources for Faces |
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275 |
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276 You can also use resources to customize the appearance of particular |
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277 faces (@pxref{Faces}): |
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278 |
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279 @table @code |
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280 @item @var{face}.attributeFont |
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281 Font for face @var{face}. |
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282 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground |
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283 Foreground color for face @var{face}. |
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284 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground |
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285 Background color for face @var{face}. |
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286 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline |
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287 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for |
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288 yes. |
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289 @item @var{face}.attributeFamily |
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290 Font family for face @var{face}. |
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291 @item @var{face}.attributeWidth |
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292 Relative proportional width of the font to use for face @var{face}. |
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293 It should be one of @code{ultra-condensed}, @code{extra-condensed}, |
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294 @code{condensed}, @code{semi-condensed}, @code{normal}, |
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295 @code{semi-expanded}, @code{expanded}, @code{extra-expanded}, or |
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296 @code{ultra-expanded}. |
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297 @item @var{face}.attributeHeight |
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298 Height of the font to use for face @var{face}: either an integer |
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299 specifying the height in units of 1/10@dmn{pt}, or a floating point |
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300 number that specifies a scale factor to scale the underlying face's |
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301 default font, or a function to be called with the default height which |
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302 will return a new height. |
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303 @item @var{face}.attributeWeight |
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304 A weight to use for the face @var{face}. It must be one of |
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305 @code{ultra-bold}, @code{extra-bold}, @code{bold}, |
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306 @code{semi-bold}, @code{normal}, @code{semi-light}, @code{light}, |
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307 @code{extra-light}, @code{ultra-light}. |
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308 @item @var{face}.attributeSlant |
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309 The slant to use for the font of face @var{face}. It must be one of |
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310 @code{italic}, @code{oblique}, @code{normal}, |
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311 @code{reverse-italic}, or @code{reverse-oblique}. |
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312 @item @var{face}.attributeStrikeThrough |
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313 Whether the face @var{face} should be drawn with a line striking |
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314 through the characters. |
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315 @item @var{face}.attributeOverline |
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316 Whether the characters in the face @var{face} should be overlined. |
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317 @item @var{face}.attributeBox |
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318 Whether to draw a box around the characters in face @var{face}. |
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319 @item @var{face}.attributeInverse |
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320 Whether to display the characters in face @var{face} in inverse |
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321 video. |
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322 @item @var{face}.attributeStipple |
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323 The name of a pixmap data file to use for the stipple pattern, or |
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324 @code{false} to not use stipple for the face @var{face}. |
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325 @item @var{face}.attributeBackgroundPixmap |
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326 The background pixmap for the face @var{face}. Should be a name of a |
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327 pixmap file or @code{false}. |
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328 @item @var{face}.attributeBold |
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329 Whether to draw the characters in the face @var{face} as bold. |
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330 @item @var{face}.attributeItalic |
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331 Whether to draw the characters in the face @var{face} as italic. |
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332 @end table |
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333 |
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334 @node Lucid Resources |
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335 @appendixsec Lucid Menu X Resources |
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336 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) |
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337 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources |
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338 |
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339 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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340 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and |
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341 has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar} |
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342 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation, or @samp{Emacs}, |
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343 which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this: |
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344 |
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345 @example |
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346 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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347 @end example |
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348 |
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349 @noindent |
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350 For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, |
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351 write this: |
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352 |
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353 @example |
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354 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 |
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355 @end example |
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356 |
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357 @noindent |
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358 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have |
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359 @samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font |
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360 @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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361 |
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362 @example |
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363 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 |
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364 @end example |
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365 |
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366 @noindent |
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367 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: |
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368 |
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369 @example |
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370 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 |
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371 @end example |
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372 |
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373 @noindent |
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374 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add |
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375 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On |
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376 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. |
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377 |
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378 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: |
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379 |
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380 @table @code |
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381 @item font |
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382 Font for menu item text. |
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383 @item foreground |
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384 Color of the foreground. |
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385 @item background |
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386 Color of the background. |
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387 @item buttonForeground |
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388 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. |
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389 @item horizontalSpacing |
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390 Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3. |
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391 @item verticalSpacing |
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392 Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 1. |
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393 @item arrowSpacing |
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394 Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and |
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395 the associated text. Default is 10. |
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396 @item shadowThickness |
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397 Thickness of shadow line around the widget. |
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398 @item margin |
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399 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. The default of 4 makes the |
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400 menu bar appear like the LessTif/Motif one. |
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401 @end table |
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402 |
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403 @node LessTif Resources |
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404 @appendixsec LessTif Menu X Resources |
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405 @cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets) |
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406 @cindex LessTif Widget X Resources |
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407 |
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408 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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409 with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar, the dialog |
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410 boxes, the pop-up menus, and the file-selection box are separate |
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411 widgets and have their own resources. |
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412 |
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413 The resource names for the menu bar contain @samp{pane.menubar} |
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414 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation, or |
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415 @samp{Emacs}, which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them |
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416 like this: |
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417 |
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418 @smallexample |
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419 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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420 @end smallexample |
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421 |
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422 Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's |
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423 name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word |
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424 @samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named |
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425 @samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the |
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426 same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead |
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427 of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font |
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428 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: |
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429 |
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430 @smallexample |
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431 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 |
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432 @end smallexample |
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433 |
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434 @noindent |
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435 This also specifies the resource value for submenus. |
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436 |
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437 Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X |
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438 resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named |
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439 @samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu |
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440 item looks like this: |
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441 |
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442 @smallexample |
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443 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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444 @end smallexample |
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445 |
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446 @noindent |
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447 For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current |
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448 buffer)} item: |
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449 |
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450 @smallexample |
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451 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16 |
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452 @end smallexample |
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453 |
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454 @noindent |
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455 For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Complete Word} |
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456 under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this |
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457 template: |
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458 |
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459 @smallexample |
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460 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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461 @end smallexample |
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462 |
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463 @noindent |
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464 For example, |
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465 |
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466 @smallexample |
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467 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Complete Word: @var{value} |
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468 @end smallexample |
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469 |
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470 @noindent |
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471 (This should be one long line.) |
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472 |
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473 It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items |
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474 without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the |
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475 submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask |
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476 for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them; |
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477 then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example: |
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478 |
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479 @smallexample |
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480 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 |
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481 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16 |
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482 @end smallexample |
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483 |
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484 @noindent |
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485 For LessTif pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of |
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486 @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for |
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487 the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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488 |
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489 @smallexample |
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490 Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16 |
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491 @end smallexample |
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492 |
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493 @noindent |
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494 For LessTif dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: |
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495 |
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496 @example |
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497 Emacs.dialog*.fontList: 8x16 |
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498 Emacs.dialog*.foreground: hotpink |
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499 @end example |
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500 |
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501 To specify resources for the LessTif file-selection box, use |
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502 @samp{fsb*}, like this: |
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503 |
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504 @example |
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505 Emacs.fsb*.fontList: 8x16 |
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506 @end example |
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507 |
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508 @iftex |
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509 @medbreak |
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510 @end iftex |
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511 Here is a list of the specific resources for LessTif menu bars and |
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512 pop-up menus: |
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513 |
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514 @table @code |
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515 @item armColor |
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516 The color to show in an armed button. |
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517 @item fontList |
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518 The font to use. |
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519 @item marginBottom |
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520 @itemx marginHeight |
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521 @itemx marginLeft |
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522 @itemx marginRight |
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523 @itemx marginTop |
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524 @itemx marginWidth |
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525 Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border. |
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526 @item borderWidth |
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527 The width of the border around the menu item, on all sides. |
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528 @item shadowThickness |
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529 The width of the border shadow. |
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530 @item bottomShadowColor |
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531 The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right. |
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532 @item topShadowColor |
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533 The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left. |
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534 @end table |
49322 | 535 |
536 | |
537 @node GTK resources | |
538 @appendixsec GTK resources | |
539 @cindex GTK resources and customization | |
540 @cindex resource files for GTK | |
541 @cindex @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file | |
542 @cindex @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} file | |
543 | |
544 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the GTK widget set, | |
545 then the menu bar, scroll bar and the dialogs can be customized with | |
546 the standard GTK @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file or with the Emacs specific | |
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547 @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} file; note that these files are only for |
49322 | 548 customizing specific GTK widget features. To customize Emacs font, |
549 background, faces etc., use the normal X resources, see @ref{Resources}. | |
550 | |
551 In these files you first defines a style and then how to apply that style | |
552 to widgets (@pxref{GTK widget names}). Here is an example of how to | |
553 change the font for Emacs menus: | |
554 | |
555 @smallexample | |
556 # This is a comment. | |
557 style "menufont" | |
558 @{ | |
559 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" # This is a Pango font name | |
560 @} | |
561 | |
562 widget "*emacs-menuitem*" style "menufont" | |
563 | |
564 @end smallexample | |
565 | |
566 There are some things you can set without using any style or widget name, | |
567 which affect GTK as a whole. Most of these are poorly documented, but can | |
568 be found in the `Properties' section of the documentation page for | |
569 @code{GtkSetting}, in the GTK document references below. | |
570 | |
571 One property of interest is @code{gtk-font-name} which sets the default | |
572 font for GTK; you must use Pango font names (@pxref{GTK styles}). A | |
573 @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file that just sets a default font looks like this: | |
574 | |
575 @smallexample | |
576 gtk-font-name = "courier 12" | |
577 @end smallexample | |
578 | |
579 | |
580 If GTK at your site is installed under @var{prefix}, | |
581 the resource file syntax is fully described in the GTK API | |
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582 document |
49322 | 583 @file{@var{prefix}/share/gtk-doc/html/gtk/gtk-resource-files.html}. |
584 @var{prefix} is usually @file{/usr} or @file{/usr/local}. | |
585 You can find the same document online at | |
586 @uref{http://developer.gnome.org/doc/API/2.0/gtk/gtk-Resource-Files.html}. | |
587 | |
588 | |
589 @menu | |
590 * GTK widget names:: How widgets in GTK are named in general. | |
591 * GTK names in Emacs:: GTK widget names in Emacs. | |
592 * GTK styles:: What can be customized in a GTK widget. | |
593 @end menu | |
594 | |
595 | |
596 @node GTK widget names | |
597 @appendixsubsec GTK widget names | |
598 @cindex GTK widget names | |
599 | |
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600 Widgets are specified by widget class or by widget name. |
49322 | 601 The widget class is the type of the widget, for example @code{GtkMenuBar}. |
602 The widget name is the name given to a specific widget within a program. | |
603 A widget always have a class but it is not mandatory to give a name to | |
604 a widget. Absolute names are sequences of widget names or | |
605 widget classes, corresponding to hierarchies of widgets embedded within | |
606 other widgets. For example, if a @code{GtkWindow} contains a @code{GtkVBox} | |
607 which in turn contains a @code{GtkMenuBar}, the absolute class name | |
608 is @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar}. | |
609 | |
610 @noindent | |
611 If the widgets are named ``top'', ``box'' and ``menubar'', the absolute | |
612 widget name is @code{top.box.menubar}, | |
613 | |
614 When assigning a style to a widget, you can use the absolute class | |
615 name or the absolute widget name. | |
616 There are two commands: @code{widget_class} will assign a style to | |
617 widgets, matching only against the absolute class name. | |
618 The command @code{widget} will match the absolute widget name, | |
619 but if there is no name for a widget in the hierarchy, the class is matched. | |
620 These commands require the absolute name and the style name to be | |
621 within double quotes. These commands are written at the top level in a | |
622 @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file, like this: | |
623 | |
624 @smallexample | |
625 style "menufont" | |
626 @{ | |
627 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" | |
628 @} | |
629 | |
630 widget "top.box.menubar" style "menufont" | |
631 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "menufont" | |
632 @end smallexample | |
633 | |
634 | |
635 Matching of absolute names is done with shell ``glob'' syntax, that is | |
636 @samp{*} matches zero or more characters and @samp{?} matches one character. | |
637 So the following would assign @code{base_style} to all widgets: | |
638 | |
639 @smallexample | |
640 widget "*" style "base_style" | |
641 @end smallexample | |
642 | |
643 Given the absolute class name @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar} | |
644 and the corresponding absolute widget name @code{top.box.menubar}, | |
645 the following all assign @code{my_style} to the menu bar: | |
646 | |
647 @smallexample | |
648 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
649 widget_class "GtkWindow.*.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
650 widget_class "*GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
651 widget "top.box.menubar" style "my_style" | |
652 widget "*box*menubar" style "my_style" | |
653 widget "*menubar" style "my_style" | |
654 widget "*menu*" style "my_style" | |
655 @end smallexample | |
656 | |
657 @node GTK names in Emacs | |
658 @appendixsubsec GTK names in Emacs | |
659 @cindex GTK widget names | |
660 @cindex GTK widget classes | |
661 | |
662 In Emacs the top level widget for a frame is a @code{GtkWindow} that | |
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663 contains a @code{GtkVBox}. The @code{GtkVBox} contains the |
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664 @code{GtkMenuBar} and a @code{GtkFixed} widget. |
49322 | 665 The vertical scroll bars, @code{GtkVScrollbar}, |
666 are contained in the @code{GtkFixed} widget. | |
667 The text you write in Emacs is drawn in the @code{GtkFixed} widget. | |
668 | |
669 Dialogs in Emacs are @code{GtkDialog} widgets. The file dialog is a | |
670 @code{GtkFileSelection} widget. | |
671 | |
672 @noindent | |
673 To set a style for the menu bar using the absolute class name, use: | |
674 | |
675 @smallexample | |
676 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
677 @end smallexample | |
678 | |
679 @noindent | |
680 For the scroll bar, the absolute class name is: | |
681 | |
682 @smallexample | |
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683 widget_class |
49322 | 684 "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkFixed.GtkVScrollbar" |
685 style "my_style" | |
686 @end smallexample | |
687 | |
688 @noindent | |
689 The names for the emacs widgets, and their classes, are: | |
690 | |
691 @multitable {@code{verticalScrollbar plus}} {@code{GtkFileSelection} and some} | |
692 @item @code{emacs-filedialog} | |
693 @tab @code{GtkFileSelection} | |
694 @item @code{emacs-dialog} | |
695 @tab @code{GtkDialog} | |
696 @item @code{Emacs} | |
697 @tab @code{GtkWindow} | |
698 @item @code{pane} | |
699 @tab @code{GtkVHbox} | |
700 @item @code{emacs} | |
701 @tab @code{GtkFixed} | |
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702 @item @code{verticalScrollbar} |
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703 @tab @code{GtkVScrollbar} |
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704 @item @code{emacs-toolbar} |
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705 @tab @code{GtkToolbar} |
49322 | 706 @item @code{menubar} |
707 @tab @code{GtkMenuBar} | |
708 @item @code{emacs-menuitem} | |
709 @tab anything in menus | |
710 @end multitable | |
711 | |
712 @noindent | |
713 Thus, for Emacs you can write the two examples above as: | |
714 | |
715 @smallexample | |
716 widget "Emacs.pane.menubar" style "my_style" | |
717 widget "Emacs.pane.emacs.verticalScrollbar" style "my_style" | |
718 @end smallexample | |
719 | |
720 GTK absolute names are quite strange when it comes to menus | |
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721 and dialogs. The names do not start with @samp{Emacs}, as they are |
49322 | 722 free-standing windows and not contained (in the GTK sense) by the |
723 Emacs GtkWindow. To customize the dialogs and menus, use wildcards like this: | |
724 | |
725 @smallexample | |
726 widget "*emacs-dialog*" style "my_dialog_style" | |
727 widget "*emacs-filedialog* style "my_file_style" | |
728 widget "*emacs-menuitem* style "my_menu_style" | |
729 @end smallexample | |
730 | |
731 An alternative is to put customization into @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}. | |
732 This file is only read by Emacs, so anything in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} | |
733 affects Emacs but leaves other applications unaffected. | |
734 For example, the drop down menu in the file dialog can not | |
735 be customized by any absolute widget name, only by an absolute | |
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736 class name. This is so because the widgets in the drop down menu does not |
49322 | 737 have names and the menu is not contained in the Emacs GtkWindow. |
738 To have all menus in Emacs look the same, use this in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}: | |
739 | |
740 @smallexample | |
741 widget_class "*Menu*" style "my_menu_style" | |
742 @end smallexample | |
743 | |
744 @node GTK styles | |
745 @appendixsubsec GTK styles | |
746 @cindex GTK styles | |
747 | |
748 In a GTK style you specify the appearance widgets shall have. You | |
749 can specify foreground and background color, background pixmap and font. | |
750 The edit widget (where you edit the text) in Emacs is a GTK widget, | |
751 but trying to specify a style for the edit widget will have no effect. | |
752 This is so that Emacs compiled for GTK is compatible with Emacs compiled | |
753 for other X toolkits. The settings for foreground, background and font | |
754 for the edit widget is taken from the X resources; @pxref{Resources}. | |
755 Here is an example of two style declarations, ``default'' and ``ruler'': | |
756 | |
757 @smallexample | |
758 | |
759 pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps" | |
760 | |
761 style "default" | |
762 @{ | |
763 font_name = "helvetica 12" | |
764 | |
765 bg[NORMAL] = @{ 0.83, 0.80, 0.73 @} | |
766 bg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
767 bg[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.77, 0.77, 0.66 @} | |
768 bg[ACTIVE] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
769 bg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
770 | |
771 fg[NORMAL] = "black" | |
772 fg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @} | |
773 fg[ACTIVE] = "black" | |
774 fg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @} | |
775 | |
776 base[INSENSITIVE] = "#777766" | |
777 text[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.60, 0.65, 0.57 @} | |
778 | |
779 bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "background.xpm" | |
780 bg_pixmap[INSENSITIVE] = "background.xpm" | |
781 bg_pixmap[ACTIVE] = "background.xpm" | |
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782 bg_pixmap[PRELIGHT] = "<none>" |
49322 | 783 |
784 @} | |
785 | |
786 style "ruler" = "default" | |
787 @{ | |
788 font_name = "helvetica 8" | |
789 @} | |
790 | |
791 @end smallexample | |
792 | |
793 The style ``ruler'' inherits from ``default''. This way you can build | |
794 on existing styles. The syntax for fonts and colors is described below. | |
795 | |
796 As this example shows, it is possible to specify several values | |
797 for foreground and background depending on which state the widget has. | |
798 The possible states are | |
799 @table @code | |
800 @item NORMAL | |
801 This is the default state for widgets. | |
802 @item ACTIVE | |
803 This is the state for a widget that is ready to do something. It is | |
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804 also for the trough of a scroll bar, i.e. @code{bg[ACTIVE] = "red"} |
49322 | 805 sets the scroll bar trough to red. Buttons that have been pressed but |
806 not released yet (``armed'') are in this state. | |
807 @item PRELIGHT | |
808 This is the state when widgets that can be manipulated have the mouse | |
809 pointer over them. For example when the mouse is over the thumb in the | |
810 scroll bar or over a menu item. When the mouse is over a button that | |
811 is not pressed, the button is in this state. | |
812 @item SELECTED | |
813 This is the state when some data has been selected by the user. It can | |
814 be selected text or items selected in a list. | |
815 There is no place in Emacs where this setting has any effect. | |
816 @item INSENSITIVE | |
817 This is the state for widgets that are visible, but they can not be | |
818 manipulated like they normally can. For example, buttons that can't be | |
819 pressed and menu items that can't be selected. | |
820 Text for menu items that are not available can be set to yellow with | |
821 @code{fg[INSENSITIVE] = "yellow"}. | |
822 @end table | |
823 | |
824 Here are the things that can go in a style declaration: | |
825 | |
826 @table @code | |
827 @item bg[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
828 This is the background color widgets use. This background is not used for | |
829 editable text, use @code{base} for that. | |
830 | |
831 @item base[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
832 This is the background color for editable text. | |
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833 In Emacs, this color is used for the background of the text fields in the |
49322 | 834 file dialog. |
835 | |
836 @item bg_pixmap[@var{state}] = "@var{pixmap}" | |
837 You can specify a pixmap to be used instead of the background color. | |
838 @var{pixmap} is a file name. GTK can use a number of file formats, | |
839 including XPM, XBM, GIF, JPEG and PNG. If you want a widget to use the same | |
840 pixmap as its parent, use @samp{<parent>}. If you don't want any | |
841 pixmap use @samp{<none>}. Using @samp{<none>} can be useful | |
842 if your style inherits a style that does specify a pixmap. | |
843 | |
844 GTK looks for the pixmap in directories specified in @code{pixmap_path}. | |
845 It is not possible to refer to a file by its absolute path name. | |
846 @code{pixmap_path} is a colon-separated list of directories within double | |
847 quotes, specified at the top level in a @file{gtkrc} file (i.e. not inside | |
848 a style definition; see example above): | |
849 | |
850 @smallexample | |
851 pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps" | |
852 @end smallexample | |
853 | |
854 @item fg[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
855 This is the foreground color widgets use. This is the color | |
856 of text in menus and buttons. It is also the color for the arrows in the | |
857 scroll bar. For editable text, use @code{text}. | |
858 | |
859 @item text[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
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860 This is the color for editable text. In Emacs, this color is used for the |
49322 | 861 text fields in the file dialog. |
862 | |
863 @item font_name = "@var{font}" | |
864 This is the font a widget shall use. @var{font} is a Pango font name, | |
865 for example ``Sans Italic 10'', ``Helvetica Bold 12'', ``Courier 14'', | |
866 ``Times 18''. See below for exact syntax. The names are case insensitive. | |
867 @end table | |
868 | |
869 Colors are specified in three ways, a name, a hexadecimal form or | |
870 an RGB triplet. | |
871 | |
872 @noindent | |
873 A color name is written within double quotes, for example @code{"red"}. | |
874 | |
875 @noindent | |
876 A hexadecimal form is written within double quotes. There are four forms, | |
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877 @code{#rrrrggggbbbb}, @code{#rrrgggbbb}, |
49322 | 878 @code{#rrggbb}, or @code{#rgb}. In each of these r, g and b are hex digits. |
879 | |
880 @noindent | |
881 An RGB triplet looks like @code{@{ r, g, b @}}, where r, g and b are either | |
882 integers in the range 0-65535 or floats in the range 0.0-1.0. | |
883 | |
884 Pango font names have the form ``@var{family-list} @var{style-options} | |
885 @var{size}''. | |
886 @cindex Pango font name | |
887 @noindent | |
888 @var{family-list} is a comma separated list of font families optionally | |
889 terminated by a comma. This way you can specify several families and the | |
890 first one found will be used. @var{family} corresponds to the second part in | |
891 an X font name, for example in | |
892 | |
893 @smallexample | |
894 -adobe-times-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-64-iso10646-1 | |
895 @end smallexample | |
896 | |
897 @noindent | |
898 the family name is ``times''. | |
899 | |
900 @noindent | |
901 @var{style-options} is a whitespace separated list of words where each word | |
902 is a style, variant, weight, or stretch. The default value for all of | |
903 these is @code{normal}. | |
904 | |
905 @noindent | |
906 A `style' corresponds to the fourth part of an X font name. In X font | |
907 names it is the character ``r'', ``i'' or ``o''; in Pango font names the | |
908 corresponding values are @code{normal}, @code{italic}, or @code{oblique}. | |
909 | |
910 @noindent | |
911 A `variant' is either @code{normal} or @code{small-caps}. | |
912 Small caps is a font with the lower case characters replaced by | |
913 smaller variants of the capital characters. | |
914 | |
915 @noindent | |
916 Weight describes the ``boldness'' of a font. It corresponds to the third | |
917 part of an X font name. It is one of @code{ultra-light}, @code{light}, | |
918 @code{normal}, @code{bold}, @code{ultra-bold}, or @code{heavy}. | |
919 | |
920 @noindent | |
921 Stretch gives the width of the font relative to other designs within a | |
922 family. It corresponds to the fifth part of an X font name. It is one of | |
923 @code{ultra-condensed}, @code{extra-condensed}, @code{condensed}, | |
924 @code{semi-condensed}, @code{normal}, @code{semi-expanded}, | |
925 @code{expanded}, @code{extra-expanded}, or @code{ultra-expanded}. | |
926 | |
927 @noindent | |
928 @var{size} is a decimal number that describes the font size in points. |