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date | Wed, 04 Oct 2006 07:06:28 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, |
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3 @c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Rmail, Dired, Sending Mail, Top | |
6 @chapter Reading Mail with Rmail | |
7 @cindex Rmail | |
8 @cindex reading mail | |
9 @findex rmail | |
10 @findex rmail-mode | |
11 @vindex rmail-mode-hook | |
12 | |
68698 | 13 Rmail is an Emacs subsystem for reading and disposing of mail that |
14 you receive. Rmail stores mail messages in files called Rmail files | |
15 which use a special format. Reading the message in an Rmail file is | |
16 done in a special major mode, Rmail mode, which redefines most letters | |
17 to run commands for managing mail. | |
25829 | 18 @menu |
19 * Basic: Rmail Basics. Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use. | |
20 * Scroll: Rmail Scrolling. Scrolling through a message. | |
21 * Motion: Rmail Motion. Moving to another message. | |
22 * Deletion: Rmail Deletion. Deleting and expunging messages. | |
23 * Inbox: Rmail Inbox. How mail gets into the Rmail file. | |
24 * Files: Rmail Files. Using multiple Rmail files. | |
25 * Output: Rmail Output. Copying message out to files. | |
26 * Labels: Rmail Labels. Classifying messages by labeling them. | |
27 * Attrs: Rmail Attributes. Certain standard labels, called attributes. | |
28 * Reply: Rmail Reply. Sending replies to messages you are viewing. | |
29 * Summary: Rmail Summary. Summaries show brief info on many messages. | |
30 * Sort: Rmail Sorting. Sorting messages in Rmail. | |
31 * Display: Rmail Display. How Rmail displays a message; customization. | |
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32 * Coding: Rmail Coding. How Rmail handles decoding character sets. |
25829 | 33 * Editing: Rmail Editing. Editing message text and headers in Rmail. |
34 * Digest: Rmail Digest. Extracting the messages from a digest message. | |
35 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format. | |
36 * Rot13: Rmail Rot13. Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code. | |
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37 * Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail. |
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38 * Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes. |
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39 * Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in |
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40 Various Formats |
25829 | 41 @end menu |
42 | |
43 @node Rmail Basics | |
44 @section Basic Concepts of Rmail | |
45 | |
46 @cindex primary Rmail file | |
47 @vindex rmail-file-name | |
48 Using Rmail in the simplest fashion, you have one Rmail file | |
49 @file{~/RMAIL} in which all of your mail is saved. It is called your | |
50 @dfn{primary Rmail file}. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} reads your primary | |
51 Rmail file, merges new mail in from your inboxes, displays the first | |
52 message you haven't read yet, and lets you begin reading. The variable | |
53 @code{rmail-file-name} specifies the name of the primary Rmail file. | |
54 | |
55 Rmail uses narrowing to hide all but one message in the Rmail file. | |
56 The message that is shown is called the @dfn{current message}. Rmail | |
57 mode's special commands can do such things as delete the current | |
58 message, copy it into another file, send a reply, or move to another | |
59 message. You can also create multiple Rmail files and use Rmail to move | |
60 messages between them. | |
61 | |
62 @cindex message number | |
63 Within the Rmail file, messages are normally arranged sequentially in | |
64 order of receipt; you can specify other ways to sort them. Messages are | |
68698 | 65 identified by consecutive integers which are their @dfn{message numbers}. |
66 The number of the current message is displayed in Rmail's mode line, | |
67 followed by the total number of messages in the file. You can move to | |
68 a message by specifying its message number with the @kbd{j} key | |
25829 | 69 (@pxref{Rmail Motion}). |
70 | |
71 @kindex s @r{(Rmail)} | |
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72 @findex rmail-expunge-and-save |
25829 | 73 Following the usual conventions of Emacs, changes in an Rmail file |
68698 | 74 become permanent only when you save the file. You can save it with |
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75 @kbd{s} (@code{rmail-expunge-and-save}), which also expunges deleted |
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76 messages from the file first (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). To save the |
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77 file without expunging, use @kbd{C-x C-s}. Rmail also saves the Rmail |
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78 file after merging new mail from an inbox file (@pxref{Rmail Inbox}). |
25829 | 79 |
80 @kindex q @r{(Rmail)} | |
81 @findex rmail-quit | |
82 @kindex b @r{(Rmail)} | |
83 @findex rmail-bury | |
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84 You can exit Rmail with @kbd{q} (@code{rmail-quit}); this expunges |
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85 and saves the Rmail file, then buries the Rmail buffer as well as its |
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86 summary buffer, if present (@pxref{Rmail Summary}). But there is no |
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87 need to ``exit'' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in |
68698 | 88 other buffers, and never switch back, you have exited. Just make sure |
89 to save the Rmail file eventually (like any other file you have | |
90 changed). @kbd{C-x s} is a suitable way to do this (@pxref{Save | |
91 Commands}). The Rmail command @kbd{b}, @code{rmail-bury}, buries the | |
92 Rmail buffer and its summary buffer without expunging and saving the | |
93 Rmail file. | |
25829 | 94 |
95 @node Rmail Scrolling | |
96 @section Scrolling Within a Message | |
97 | |
98 When Rmail displays a message that does not fit on the screen, you | |
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99 must scroll through it to read the rest. You could do this with |
25829 | 100 @kbd{C-v}, @kbd{M-v} and @kbd{M-<}, but in Rmail scrolling is so |
68698 | 101 frequent that it deserves to be easier. |
25829 | 102 |
103 @table @kbd | |
104 @item @key{SPC} | |
105 Scroll forward (@code{scroll-up}). | |
106 @item @key{DEL} | |
107 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}). | |
108 @item . | |
109 Scroll to start of message (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}). | |
110 @end table | |
111 | |
112 @kindex SPC @r{(Rmail)} | |
113 @kindex DEL @r{(Rmail)} | |
114 Since the most common thing to do while reading a message is to scroll | |
115 through it by screenfuls, Rmail makes @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} synonyms of | |
116 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up}) and @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) | |
117 | |
118 @kindex . @r{(Rmail)} | |
119 @findex rmail-beginning-of-message | |
120 The command @kbd{.} (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}) scrolls back to the | |
121 beginning of the selected message. This is not quite the same as @kbd{M-<}: | |
122 for one thing, it does not set the mark; for another, it resets the buffer | |
123 boundaries to the current message if you have changed them. | |
124 | |
125 @node Rmail Motion | |
126 @section Moving Among Messages | |
127 | |
128 The most basic thing to do with a message is to read it. The way to | |
129 do this in Rmail is to make the message current. The usual practice is | |
130 to move sequentially through the file, since this is the order of | |
131 receipt of messages. When you enter Rmail, you are positioned at the | |
132 first message that you have not yet made current (that is, the first one | |
133 that has the @samp{unseen} attribute; @pxref{Rmail Attributes}). Move | |
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134 forward to see the other new messages; move backward to re-examine old |
25829 | 135 messages. |
136 | |
137 @table @kbd | |
138 @item n | |
139 Move to the next nondeleted message, skipping any intervening deleted | |
140 messages (@code{rmail-next-undeleted-message}). | |
141 @item p | |
142 Move to the previous nondeleted message | |
143 (@code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}). | |
144 @item M-n | |
145 Move to the next message, including deleted messages | |
146 (@code{rmail-next-message}). | |
147 @item M-p | |
148 Move to the previous message, including deleted messages | |
149 (@code{rmail-previous-message}). | |
150 @item j | |
151 Move to the first message. With argument @var{n}, move to | |
152 message number @var{n} (@code{rmail-show-message}). | |
153 @item > | |
154 Move to the last message (@code{rmail-last-message}). | |
155 @item < | |
156 Move to the first message (@code{rmail-first-message}). | |
157 | |
158 @item M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
159 Move to the next message containing a match for @var{regexp} | |
160 (@code{rmail-search}). | |
161 | |
162 @item - M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
163 Move to the previous message containing a match for @var{regexp}. | |
164 @end table | |
165 | |
166 @kindex n @r{(Rmail)} | |
167 @kindex p @r{(Rmail)} | |
168 @kindex M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
169 @kindex M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
170 @findex rmail-next-undeleted-message | |
171 @findex rmail-previous-undeleted-message | |
172 @findex rmail-next-message | |
173 @findex rmail-previous-message | |
174 @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} are the usual way of moving among messages in | |
175 Rmail. They move through the messages sequentially, but skip over | |
176 deleted messages, which is usually what you want to do. Their command | |
177 definitions are named @code{rmail-next-undeleted-message} and | |
178 @code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}. If you do not want to skip | |
179 deleted messages---for example, if you want to move to a message to | |
180 undelete it---use the variants @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} | |
181 (@code{rmail-next-message} and @code{rmail-previous-message}). A | |
182 numeric argument to any of these commands serves as a repeat | |
68698 | 183 count. |
25829 | 184 |
185 In Rmail, you can specify a numeric argument by typing just the | |
186 digits. You don't need to type @kbd{C-u} first. | |
187 | |
188 @kindex M-s @r{(Rmail)} | |
189 @findex rmail-search | |
190 @cindex searching in Rmail | |
191 The @kbd{M-s} (@code{rmail-search}) command is Rmail's version of | |
192 search. The usual incremental search command @kbd{C-s} works in Rmail, | |
193 but it searches only within the current message. The purpose of | |
194 @kbd{M-s} is to search for another message. It reads a regular | |
195 expression (@pxref{Regexps}) nonincrementally, then searches starting at | |
196 the beginning of the following message for a match. It then selects | |
197 that message. If @var{regexp} is empty, @kbd{M-s} reuses the regexp | |
198 used the previous time. | |
199 | |
200 To search backward in the file for another message, give @kbd{M-s} a | |
201 negative argument. In Rmail you can do this with @kbd{- M-s}. | |
202 | |
203 It is also possible to search for a message based on labels. | |
204 @xref{Rmail Labels}. | |
205 | |
206 @kindex j @r{(Rmail)} | |
207 @kindex > @r{(Rmail)} | |
208 @kindex < @r{(Rmail)} | |
209 @findex rmail-show-message | |
210 @findex rmail-last-message | |
211 @findex rmail-first-message | |
212 To move to a message specified by absolute message number, use @kbd{j} | |
213 (@code{rmail-show-message}) with the message number as argument. With | |
214 no argument, @kbd{j} selects the first message. @kbd{<} | |
215 (@code{rmail-first-message}) also selects the first message. @kbd{>} | |
216 (@code{rmail-last-message}) selects the last message. | |
217 | |
218 @node Rmail Deletion | |
219 @section Deleting Messages | |
220 | |
221 @cindex deletion (Rmail) | |
222 When you no longer need to keep a message, you can @dfn{delete} it. This | |
223 flags it as ignorable, and some Rmail commands pretend it is no longer | |
224 present; but it still has its place in the Rmail file, and still has its | |
225 message number. | |
226 | |
227 @cindex expunging (Rmail) | |
228 @dfn{Expunging} the Rmail file actually removes the deleted messages. | |
229 The remaining messages are renumbered consecutively. Expunging is the only | |
230 action that changes the message number of any message, except for | |
231 undigestifying (@pxref{Rmail Digest}). | |
232 | |
233 @table @kbd | |
234 @item d | |
235 Delete the current message, and move to the next nondeleted message | |
236 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}). | |
237 @item C-d | |
238 Delete the current message, and move to the previous nondeleted | |
239 message (@code{rmail-delete-backward}). | |
240 @item u | |
241 Undelete the current message, or move back to a deleted message and | |
242 undelete it (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}). | |
243 @item x | |
244 Expunge the Rmail file (@code{rmail-expunge}). | |
245 @end table | |
246 | |
247 @kindex d @r{(Rmail)} | |
248 @kindex C-d @r{(Rmail)} | |
249 @findex rmail-delete-forward | |
250 @findex rmail-delete-backward | |
251 There are two Rmail commands for deleting messages. Both delete the | |
252 current message and select another message. @kbd{d} | |
253 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}) moves to the following message, skipping | |
254 messages already deleted, while @kbd{C-d} (@code{rmail-delete-backward}) | |
255 moves to the previous nondeleted message. If there is no nondeleted | |
256 message to move to in the specified direction, the message that was just | |
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257 deleted remains current. @kbd{d} with a numeric argument is |
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258 equivalent to @kbd{C-d}. |
25829 | 259 |
260 @vindex rmail-delete-message-hook | |
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261 Whenever Rmail deletes a message, it runs the hook |
25829 | 262 @code{rmail-delete-message-hook}. When the hook functions are invoked, |
263 the message has been marked deleted, but it is still the current message | |
264 in the Rmail buffer. | |
265 | |
266 @cindex undeletion (Rmail) | |
267 @kindex x @r{(Rmail)} | |
268 @findex rmail-expunge | |
269 @kindex u @r{(Rmail)} | |
270 @findex rmail-undelete-previous-message | |
271 To make all the deleted messages finally vanish from the Rmail file, | |
272 type @kbd{x} (@code{rmail-expunge}). Until you do this, you can still | |
273 @dfn{undelete} the deleted messages. The undeletion command, @kbd{u} | |
274 (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}), is designed to cancel the | |
275 effect of a @kbd{d} command in most cases. It undeletes the current | |
276 message if the current message is deleted. Otherwise it moves backward | |
277 to previous messages until a deleted message is found, and undeletes | |
278 that message. | |
279 | |
280 You can usually undo a @kbd{d} with a @kbd{u} because the @kbd{u} | |
281 moves back to and undeletes the message that the @kbd{d} deleted. But | |
282 this does not work when the @kbd{d} skips a few already-deleted messages | |
283 that follow the message being deleted; then the @kbd{u} command | |
284 undeletes the last of the messages that were skipped. There is no clean | |
285 way to avoid this problem. However, by repeating the @kbd{u} command, | |
286 you can eventually get back to the message that you intend to | |
287 undelete. You can also select a particular deleted message with | |
288 the @kbd{M-p} command, then type @kbd{u} to undelete it. | |
289 | |
290 A deleted message has the @samp{deleted} attribute, and as a result | |
291 @samp{deleted} appears in the mode line when the current message is | |
292 deleted. In fact, deleting or undeleting a message is nothing more than | |
293 adding or removing this attribute. @xref{Rmail Attributes}. | |
294 | |
295 @node Rmail Inbox | |
296 @section Rmail Files and Inboxes | |
297 @cindex inbox file | |
298 | |
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299 When you receive mail locally, the operating system places incoming |
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300 mail for you in a file that we call your @dfn{inbox}. When you start |
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301 up Rmail, it runs a C program called @code{movemail} to copy the new |
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302 messages from your local inbox into your primary Rmail file, which |
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303 also contains other messages saved from previous Rmail sessions. It |
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304 is in this file that you actually read the mail with Rmail. This |
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305 operation is called @dfn{getting new mail}. You can get new mail at |
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306 any time in Rmail by typing @kbd{g}. |
25829 | 307 |
308 @vindex rmail-primary-inbox-list | |
29107 | 309 @cindex @env{MAIL} environment variable |
25829 | 310 The variable @code{rmail-primary-inbox-list} contains a list of the |
311 files which are inboxes for your primary Rmail file. If you don't set | |
29107 | 312 this variable explicitly, it is initialized from the @env{MAIL} |
25829 | 313 environment variable, or, as a last resort, set to @code{nil}, which |
68698 | 314 means to use the default inbox. The default inbox file depends on |
315 your operating system; often it is @file{/var/mail/@var{username}}, | |
316 @file{/usr/spool/mail/@var{username}}, or | |
317 @file{/usr/mail/@var{username}}. | |
25829 | 318 |
68698 | 319 You can specify the inbox file(s) for any Rmail file with the |
320 command @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}; see @ref{Rmail Files}. | |
25829 | 321 |
322 There are two reasons for having separate Rmail files and inboxes. | |
323 | |
324 @enumerate | |
325 @item | |
326 The inbox file format varies between operating systems and according to | |
327 the other mail software in use. Only one part of Rmail needs to know | |
328 about the alternatives, and it need only understand how to convert all | |
329 of them to Rmail's own format. | |
330 | |
331 @item | |
332 It is very cumbersome to access an inbox file without danger of losing | |
333 mail, because it is necessary to interlock with mail delivery. | |
334 Moreover, different operating systems use different interlocking | |
335 techniques. The strategy of moving mail out of the inbox once and for | |
336 all into a separate Rmail file avoids the need for interlocking in all | |
337 the rest of Rmail, since only Rmail operates on the Rmail file. | |
338 @end enumerate | |
339 | |
340 Rmail was written to use Babyl format as its internal format. Since | |
341 then, we have recognized that the usual inbox format on Unix and GNU | |
342 systems is adequate for the job, and we plan to change Rmail to use that | |
343 as its internal format. However, the Rmail file will still be separate | |
68698 | 344 from the inbox file, even when their format is the same. |
25829 | 345 |
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346 @vindex rmail-preserve-inbox |
68698 | 347 When getting new mail, Rmail first copies the new mail from the |
348 inbox file to the Rmail file; then it saves the Rmail file; then it | |
349 clears out the inbox file. This way, a system crash may cause | |
350 duplication of mail between the inbox and the Rmail file, but cannot | |
351 lose mail. If @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} is non-@code{nil}, then | |
352 Rmail does not clear out the inbox file when it gets new mail. You | |
353 may wish to set this, for example, on a portable computer you use to | |
354 check your mail via POP while traveling, so that your mail will remain | |
355 on the server and you can save it later on your workstation. | |
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356 |
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357 In some cases, Rmail copies the new mail from the inbox file |
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358 indirectly. First it runs the @code{movemail} program to move the mail |
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359 from the inbox to an intermediate file called |
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360 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}}. Then Rmail merges the new mail from |
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361 that file, saves the Rmail file, and only then deletes the intermediate |
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362 file. If there is a crash at the wrong time, this file continues to |
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363 exist, and Rmail will use it again the next time it gets new mail from |
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364 that inbox. |
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365 |
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366 If Rmail is unable to convert the data in |
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367 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}} into Babyl format, it renames the file |
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368 to @file{~/RMAILOSE.@var{n}} (@var{n} is an integer chosen to make the |
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369 name unique) so that Rmail will not have trouble with the data again. |
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370 You should look at the file, find whatever message confuses Rmail |
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371 (probably one that includes the control-underscore character, octal code |
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372 037), and delete it. Then you can use @kbd{1 g} to get new mail from |
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373 the corrected file. |
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374 |
25829 | 375 @node Rmail Files |
376 @section Multiple Rmail Files | |
377 | |
378 Rmail operates by default on your @dfn{primary Rmail file}, which is named | |
379 @file{~/RMAIL} and receives your incoming mail from your system inbox file. | |
380 But you can also have other Rmail files and edit them with Rmail. These | |
381 files can receive mail through their own inboxes, or you can move messages | |
382 into them with explicit Rmail commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
383 | |
384 @table @kbd | |
385 @item i @var{file} @key{RET} | |
386 Read @var{file} into Emacs and run Rmail on it (@code{rmail-input}). | |
387 | |
388 @item M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} @key{RET} | |
389 Specify inbox file names for current Rmail file to get mail from. | |
390 | |
391 @item g | |
392 Merge new mail from current Rmail file's inboxes | |
393 (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}). | |
394 | |
395 @item C-u g @var{file} @key{RET} | |
396 Merge new mail from inbox file @var{file}. | |
397 @end table | |
398 | |
399 @kindex i @r{(Rmail)} | |
400 @findex rmail-input | |
68698 | 401 To run Rmail on a file other than your primary Rmail file, you can use |
25829 | 402 the @kbd{i} (@code{rmail-input}) command in Rmail. This visits the file |
403 in Rmail mode. You can use @kbd{M-x rmail-input} even when not in | |
68698 | 404 Rmail, but it is easier to type @kbd{C-u M-x rmail}, which does the |
405 same thing. | |
25829 | 406 |
407 The file you read with @kbd{i} should normally be a valid Rmail file. | |
408 If it is not, Rmail tries to decompose it into a stream of messages in | |
409 various known formats. If it succeeds, it converts the whole file to an | |
410 Rmail file. If you specify a file name that doesn't exist, @kbd{i} | |
411 initializes a new buffer for creating a new Rmail file. | |
412 | |
413 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-directory | |
414 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-regexp | |
68698 | 415 You can also select an Rmail file from a menu. In the Classify menu, |
416 choose the Input Rmail File item; then choose the Rmail file you want. | |
417 The variables @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
25829 | 418 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the |
419 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
68698 | 420 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that |
421 match the regular expression). These variables also apply to choosing | |
422 a file for output (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
25829 | 423 |
424 @findex set-rmail-inbox-list | |
425 Each Rmail file can contain a list of inbox file names; you can specify | |
426 this list with @kbd{M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} | |
427 @key{RET}}. The argument can contain any number of file names, separated | |
428 by commas. It can also be empty, which specifies that this file should | |
68698 | 429 have no inboxes. Once you specify a list of inboxes in an Rmail file, |
430 the Rmail file remembers it permanently until you specify a different list. | |
25829 | 431 |
432 As a special exception, if your primary Rmail file does not specify any | |
433 inbox files, it uses your standard system inbox. | |
434 | |
435 @kindex g @r{(Rmail)} | |
436 @findex rmail-get-new-mail | |
437 The @kbd{g} command (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}) merges mail into the | |
68698 | 438 current Rmail file from its inboxes. If the Rmail file has no |
439 inboxes, @kbd{g} does nothing. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} also | |
440 merges new mail into your primary Rmail file. | |
25829 | 441 |
442 To merge mail from a file that is not the usual inbox, give the | |
443 @kbd{g} key a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u g}. Then it reads a file | |
444 name and merges mail from that file. The inbox file is not deleted or | |
445 changed in any way when @kbd{g} with an argument is used. This is, | |
446 therefore, a general way of merging one file of messages into another. | |
447 | |
448 @node Rmail Output | |
449 @section Copying Messages Out to Files | |
450 | |
451 These commands copy messages from an Rmail file into another file. | |
452 | |
453 @table @kbd | |
454 @item o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
455 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using Rmail | |
456 file format by default (@code{rmail-output-to-rmail-file}). | |
457 | |
458 @item C-o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
459 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using | |
460 system inbox file format by default (@code{rmail-output}). | |
461 | |
462 @item w @var{file} @key{RET} | |
463 Output just the message body to the file @var{file}, taking the default | |
464 file name from the message @samp{Subject} header. | |
465 @end table | |
466 | |
467 @kindex o @r{(Rmail)} | |
468 @findex rmail-output-to-rmail-file | |
469 @kindex C-o @r{(Rmail)} | |
470 @findex rmail-output | |
471 The commands @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} copy the current message into a | |
472 specified file. This file may be an Rmail file or it may be in system | |
473 inbox format; the output commands ascertain the file's format and write | |
474 the copied message in that format. | |
475 | |
476 The @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands differ in two ways: each has its | |
477 own separate default file name, and each specifies a choice of format to | |
478 use when the file does not already exist. The @kbd{o} command uses | |
479 Rmail format when it creates a new file, while @kbd{C-o} uses system | |
480 inbox format for a new file. The default file name for @kbd{o} is the | |
481 file name used last with @kbd{o}, and the default file name for | |
482 @kbd{C-o} is the file name used last with @kbd{C-o}. | |
483 | |
484 If the output file is an Rmail file currently visited in an Emacs buffer, | |
485 the output commands copy the message into that buffer. It is up to you | |
486 to save the buffer eventually in its file. | |
487 | |
488 @kindex w @r{(Rmail)} | |
489 @findex rmail-output-body-to-file | |
490 Sometimes you may receive a message whose body holds the contents of a | |
491 file. You can save the body to a file (excluding the message header) | |
492 with the @kbd{w} command (@code{rmail-output-body-to-file}). Often | |
493 these messages contain the intended file name in the @samp{Subject} | |
494 field, so the @kbd{w} command uses the @samp{Subject} field as the | |
495 default for the output file name. However, the file name is read using | |
496 the minibuffer, so you can specify a different name if you wish. | |
497 | |
498 You can also output a message to an Rmail file chosen with a menu. | |
68698 | 499 In the Classify menu, choose the Output Rmail File menu item; then |
500 choose the Rmail file you want. This outputs the current message to | |
501 that file, like the @kbd{o} command. The variables | |
502 @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
25829 | 503 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the |
504 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
68698 | 505 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that |
506 match the regular expression). | |
25829 | 507 |
508 @vindex rmail-delete-after-output | |
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509 Copying a message with @kbd{o} or @kbd{C-o} gives the original copy |
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510 of the message the @samp{filed} attribute, so that @samp{filed} |
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511 appears in the mode line when such a message is current. @kbd{w} |
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512 gives it the @samp{stored} attribute. If you like to keep just a |
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513 single copy of every mail message, set the variable |
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514 @code{rmail-delete-after-output} to @code{t}; then the @kbd{o}, |
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515 @kbd{C-o} and @kbd{w} commands delete the original message after |
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516 copying it. (You can undelete the original afterward if you wish.) |
25829 | 517 |
518 Copying messages into files in system inbox format uses the header | |
519 fields that are displayed in Rmail at the time. Thus, if you use the | |
520 @kbd{t} command to view the entire header and then copy the message, the | |
521 entire header is copied. @xref{Rmail Display}. | |
522 | |
523 @vindex rmail-output-file-alist | |
524 The variable @code{rmail-output-file-alist} lets you specify | |
525 intelligent defaults for the output file, based on the contents of the | |
526 current message. The value should be a list whose elements have this | |
527 form: | |
528 | |
529 @example | |
530 (@var{regexp} . @var{name-exp}) | |
531 @end example | |
532 | |
533 @noindent | |
534 If there's a match for @var{regexp} in the current message, then the | |
535 default file name for output is @var{name-exp}. If multiple elements | |
536 match the message, the first matching element decides the default file | |
537 name. The subexpression @var{name-exp} may be a string constant giving | |
538 the file name to use, or more generally it may be any Lisp expression | |
539 that returns a file name as a string. @code{rmail-output-file-alist} | |
540 applies to both @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o}. | |
541 | |
542 @node Rmail Labels | |
543 @section Labels | |
544 @cindex label (Rmail) | |
545 @cindex attribute (Rmail) | |
546 | |
547 Each message can have various @dfn{labels} assigned to it as a means | |
548 of classification. Each label has a name; different names are different | |
549 labels. Any given label is either present or absent on a particular | |
550 message. A few label names have standard meanings and are given to | |
551 messages automatically by Rmail when appropriate; these special labels | |
552 are called @dfn{attributes}. | |
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553 @ifnottex |
25829 | 554 (@xref{Rmail Attributes}.) |
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555 @end ifnottex |
25829 | 556 All other labels are assigned only by users. |
557 | |
558 @table @kbd | |
559 @item a @var{label} @key{RET} | |
560 Assign the label @var{label} to the current message (@code{rmail-add-label}). | |
561 @item k @var{label} @key{RET} | |
562 Remove the label @var{label} from the current message (@code{rmail-kill-label}). | |
563 @item C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
564 Move to the next message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
565 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}). | |
566 @item C-M-p @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
567 Move to the previous message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
568 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}). | |
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569 @item l @var{labels} @key{RET} |
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570 @itemx C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} |
25829 | 571 Make a summary of all messages containing any of the labels @var{labels} |
572 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
573 @end table | |
574 | |
575 @kindex a @r{(Rmail)} | |
576 @kindex k @r{(Rmail)} | |
577 @findex rmail-add-label | |
578 @findex rmail-kill-label | |
579 The @kbd{a} (@code{rmail-add-label}) and @kbd{k} | |
580 (@code{rmail-kill-label}) commands allow you to assign or remove any | |
581 label on the current message. If the @var{label} argument is empty, it | |
582 means to assign or remove the same label most recently assigned or | |
583 removed. | |
584 | |
585 Once you have given messages labels to classify them as you wish, there | |
586 are two ways to use the labels: in moving and in summaries. | |
587 | |
588 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
589 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
590 @findex rmail-next-labeled-message | |
591 @findex rmail-previous-labeled-message | |
592 The command @kbd{C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
593 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}) moves to the next message that has | |
594 one of the labels @var{labels}. The argument @var{labels} specifies one | |
595 or more label names, separated by commas. @kbd{C-M-p} | |
596 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}) is similar, but moves backwards | |
597 to previous messages. A numeric argument to either command serves as a | |
598 repeat count. | |
599 | |
600 The command @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
601 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) displays a summary containing only the | |
602 messages that have at least one of a specified set of labels. The | |
603 argument @var{labels} is one or more label names, separated by commas. | |
68698 | 604 @xref{Rmail Summary}, for information on summaries. |
25829 | 605 |
606 If the @var{labels} argument to @kbd{C-M-n}, @kbd{C-M-p} or | |
607 @kbd{C-M-l} is empty, it means to use the last set of labels specified | |
608 for any of these commands. | |
609 | |
610 @node Rmail Attributes | |
611 @section Rmail Attributes | |
612 | |
613 Some labels such as @samp{deleted} and @samp{filed} have built-in | |
68698 | 614 meanings, and Rmail assigns them to messages automatically at |
615 appropriate times; these labels are called @dfn{attributes}. Here is | |
616 a list of Rmail attributes: | |
25829 | 617 |
618 @table @samp | |
619 @item unseen | |
620 Means the message has never been current. Assigned to messages when | |
621 they come from an inbox file, and removed when a message is made | |
622 current. When you start Rmail, it initially shows the first message | |
623 that has this attribute. | |
624 @item deleted | |
625 Means the message is deleted. Assigned by deletion commands and | |
626 removed by undeletion commands (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). | |
627 @item filed | |
628 Means the message has been copied to some other file. Assigned by the | |
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629 @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} file output commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}). |
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630 @item stored |
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631 Assigned by the @kbd{w} file output command (@pxref{Rmail Output}). |
25829 | 632 @item answered |
633 Means you have mailed an answer to the message. Assigned by the @kbd{r} | |
634 command (@code{rmail-reply}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
635 @item forwarded | |
636 Means you have forwarded the message. Assigned by the @kbd{f} command | |
637 (@code{rmail-forward}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
638 @item edited | |
639 Means you have edited the text of the message within Rmail. | |
640 @xref{Rmail Editing}. | |
641 @item resent | |
642 Means you have resent the message. Assigned by the command @kbd{M-x | |
643 rmail-resend}. @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
644 @end table | |
645 | |
68698 | 646 All other labels are assigned or removed only by users, and have no |
25829 | 647 standard meaning. |
648 | |
649 @node Rmail Reply | |
650 @section Sending Replies | |
651 | |
652 Rmail has several commands that use Mail mode to send outgoing mail. | |
653 @xref{Sending Mail}, for information on using Mail mode, including | |
654 certain features meant to work with Rmail. What this section documents | |
655 are the special commands of Rmail for entering Mail mode. Note that the | |
656 usual keys for sending mail---@kbd{C-x m}, @kbd{C-x 4 m}, and @kbd{C-x 5 | |
68698 | 657 m}---also work normally in Rmail mode. |
25829 | 658 |
659 @table @kbd | |
660 @item m | |
661 Send a message (@code{rmail-mail}). | |
662 @item c | |
663 Continue editing the already started outgoing message (@code{rmail-continue}). | |
664 @item r | |
665 Send a reply to the current Rmail message (@code{rmail-reply}). | |
666 @item f | |
667 Forward the current message to other users (@code{rmail-forward}). | |
668 @item C-u f | |
669 Resend the current message to other users (@code{rmail-resend}). | |
670 @item M-m | |
671 Try sending a bounced message a second time (@code{rmail-retry-failure}). | |
672 @end table | |
673 | |
674 @kindex r @r{(Rmail)} | |
675 @findex rmail-reply | |
676 @cindex reply to a message | |
68698 | 677 The most common reason to send a message while in Rmail is to reply |
678 to the message you are reading. To do this, type @kbd{r} | |
679 (@code{rmail-reply}). This displays the @samp{*mail*} buffer in | |
680 another window, much like @kbd{C-x 4 m}, but preinitializes the | |
681 @samp{Subject}, @samp{To}, @samp{CC}, @samp{In-reply-to} and | |
682 @samp{References} header fields based on the message you are replying | |
683 to. The @samp{To} field starts out as the address of the person who | |
684 sent the message you received, and the @samp{CC} field starts out with | |
685 all the other recipients of that message. | |
25829 | 686 |
687 @vindex rmail-dont-reply-to-names | |
688 You can exclude certain recipients from being placed automatically in | |
689 the @samp{CC}, using the variable @code{rmail-dont-reply-to-names}. Its | |
690 value should be a regular expression (as a string); any recipient that | |
691 the regular expression matches, is excluded from the @samp{CC} field. | |
692 The default value matches your own name, and any name starting with | |
693 @samp{info-}. (Those names are excluded because there is a convention | |
694 of using them for large mailing lists to broadcast announcements.) | |
695 | |
696 To omit the @samp{CC} field completely for a particular reply, enter | |
697 the reply command with a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u r} or @kbd{1 r}. | |
68698 | 698 This means to reply only to the sender of the original message. |
25829 | 699 |
700 Once the @samp{*mail*} buffer has been initialized, editing and | |
701 sending the mail goes as usual (@pxref{Sending Mail}). You can edit the | |
68698 | 702 presupplied header fields if they are not what you want. You can also |
25829 | 703 use the commands of Mail mode (@pxref{Mail Mode}), including @kbd{C-c |
704 C-y} which yanks in the message that you are replying to. You can | |
68698 | 705 also switch to the Rmail buffer, select a different message there, switch |
25829 | 706 back, and yank the new current message. |
707 | |
708 @kindex M-m @r{(Rmail)} | |
709 @findex rmail-retry-failure | |
710 @cindex retrying a failed message | |
711 @vindex rmail-retry-ignored-headers | |
712 Sometimes a message does not reach its destination. Mailers usually | |
713 send the failed message back to you, enclosed in a @dfn{failure | |
714 message}. The Rmail command @kbd{M-m} (@code{rmail-retry-failure}) | |
715 prepares to send the same message a second time: it sets up a | |
716 @samp{*mail*} buffer with the same text and header fields as before. If | |
717 you type @kbd{C-c C-c} right away, you send the message again exactly | |
718 the same as the first time. Alternatively, you can edit the text or | |
719 headers and then send it. The variable | |
720 @code{rmail-retry-ignored-headers}, in the same format as | |
721 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} (@pxref{Rmail Display}), controls which | |
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722 headers are stripped from the failed message when retrying it. |
25829 | 723 |
724 @kindex f @r{(Rmail)} | |
725 @findex rmail-forward | |
726 @cindex forwarding a message | |
727 Another frequent reason to send mail in Rmail is to @dfn{forward} the | |
728 current message to other users. @kbd{f} (@code{rmail-forward}) makes | |
729 this easy by preinitializing the @samp{*mail*} buffer with the current | |
730 message as the text, and a subject designating a forwarded message. All | |
731 you have to do is fill in the recipients and send. When you forward a | |
732 message, recipients get a message which is ``from'' you, and which has | |
733 the original message in its contents. | |
734 | |
735 @findex unforward-rmail-message | |
736 Forwarding a message encloses it between two delimiter lines. It also | |
737 modifies every line that starts with a dash, by inserting @w{@samp{- }} | |
738 at the start of the line. When you receive a forwarded message, if it | |
739 contains something besides ordinary text---for example, program source | |
740 code---you might find it useful to undo that transformation. You can do | |
741 this by selecting the forwarded message and typing @kbd{M-x | |
742 unforward-rmail-message}. This command extracts the original forwarded | |
743 message, deleting the inserted @w{@samp{- }} strings, and inserts it | |
744 into the Rmail file as a separate message immediately following the | |
745 current one. | |
746 | |
747 @findex rmail-resend | |
748 @dfn{Resending} is an alternative similar to forwarding; the | |
749 difference is that resending sends a message that is ``from'' the | |
750 original sender, just as it reached you---with a few added header fields | |
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751 @samp{Resent-From} and @samp{Resent-To} to indicate that it came via |
25829 | 752 you. To resend a message in Rmail, use @kbd{C-u f}. (@kbd{f} runs |
753 @code{rmail-forward}, which is programmed to invoke @code{rmail-resend} | |
754 if you provide a numeric argument.) | |
755 | |
756 @kindex m @r{(Rmail)} | |
757 @findex rmail-mail | |
758 The @kbd{m} (@code{rmail-mail}) command is used to start editing an | |
759 outgoing message that is not a reply. It leaves the header fields empty. | |
760 Its only difference from @kbd{C-x 4 m} is that it makes the Rmail buffer | |
761 accessible for @kbd{C-c C-y}, just as @kbd{r} does. Thus, @kbd{m} can be | |
762 used to reply to or forward a message; it can do anything @kbd{r} or @kbd{f} | |
68698 | 763 can do. |
25829 | 764 |
765 @kindex c @r{(Rmail)} | |
766 @findex rmail-continue | |
767 The @kbd{c} (@code{rmail-continue}) command resumes editing the | |
768 @samp{*mail*} buffer, to finish editing an outgoing message you were | |
68698 | 769 already composing, or to alter a message you have sent. |
25829 | 770 |
771 @vindex rmail-mail-new-frame | |
772 If you set the variable @code{rmail-mail-new-frame} to a | |
773 non-@code{nil} value, then all the Rmail commands to start sending a | |
774 message create a new frame to edit it in. This frame is deleted when | |
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775 you send the message, or when you use the @samp{Cancel} item in the |
25829 | 776 @samp{Mail} menu. |
777 | |
778 All the Rmail commands to send a message use the mail-composition | |
779 method that you have chosen (@pxref{Mail Methods}). | |
780 | |
781 @node Rmail Summary | |
782 @section Summaries | |
783 @cindex summary (Rmail) | |
784 | |
785 A @dfn{summary} is a buffer containing one line per message to give | |
786 you an overview of the mail in an Rmail file. Each line shows the | |
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787 message number and date, the sender, the line count, the labels, and |
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788 the subject. Moving point in the summary buffer selects messages as |
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789 you move to their summary lines. Almost all Rmail commands are valid |
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790 in the summary buffer also; when used there, they apply to the message |
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791 described by the current line of the summary. |
25829 | 792 |
793 A summary buffer applies to a single Rmail file only; if you are | |
794 editing multiple Rmail files, each one can have its own summary buffer. | |
795 The summary buffer name is made by appending @samp{-summary} to the | |
796 Rmail buffer's name. Normally only one summary buffer is displayed at a | |
797 time. | |
798 | |
799 @menu | |
800 * Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries. | |
801 * Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary. | |
802 @end menu | |
803 | |
804 @node Rmail Make Summary | |
805 @subsection Making Summaries | |
806 | |
807 Here are the commands to create a summary for the current Rmail file. | |
808 Once the Rmail file has a summary buffer, changes in the Rmail file | |
809 (such as deleting or expunging messages, and getting new mail) | |
810 automatically update the summary. | |
811 | |
812 @table @kbd | |
813 @item h | |
814 @itemx C-M-h | |
815 Summarize all messages (@code{rmail-summary}). | |
816 @item l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
817 @itemx C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
818 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified labels | |
819 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
820 @item C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET} | |
821 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified recipients | |
822 (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}). | |
823 @item C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET} | |
824 Summarize messages that have a match for the specified regexp | |
825 @var{topic} in their subjects (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}). | |
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826 @item C-M-s @var{regexp} |
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827 Summarize messages whose headers and the subject line match the |
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828 specified regular expression @var{regexp} |
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829 (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}). |
25829 | 830 @end table |
831 | |
832 @kindex h @r{(Rmail)} | |
833 @findex rmail-summary | |
834 The @kbd{h} or @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{rmail-summary}) command fills the summary buffer | |
835 for the current Rmail file with a summary of all the messages in the file. | |
836 It then displays and selects the summary buffer in another window. | |
837 | |
838 @kindex l @r{(Rmail)} | |
839 @kindex C-M-l @r{(Rmail)} | |
840 @findex rmail-summary-by-labels | |
841 @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) makes | |
842 a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more of the | |
843 labels @var{labels}. @var{labels} should contain label names separated by | |
68698 | 844 commas. |
25829 | 845 |
846 @kindex C-M-r @r{(Rmail)} | |
847 @findex rmail-summary-by-recipients | |
848 @kbd{C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}) | |
849 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more | |
850 of the recipients @var{rcpts}. @var{rcpts} should contain mailing | |
68698 | 851 addresses separated by commas. |
25829 | 852 |
853 @kindex C-M-t @r{(Rmail)} | |
854 @findex rmail-summary-by-topic | |
855 @kbd{C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}) | |
856 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages whose subjects have | |
857 a match for the regular expression @var{topic}. | |
858 | |
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859 @kindex C-M-s @r{(Rmail)} |
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860 @findex rmail-summary-by-regexp |
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861 @kbd{C-M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}) |
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862 makes a partial summary which mentions only the messages whose headers |
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863 (including the date and the subject lines) match the regular |
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864 expression @var{regexp}. |
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865 |
68698 | 866 Note that there is only one summary buffer for any Rmail file; |
867 making any kind of summary discards any previous summary. | |
25829 | 868 |
869 @vindex rmail-summary-window-size | |
870 @vindex rmail-summary-line-count-flag | |
871 The variable @code{rmail-summary-window-size} says how many lines to | |
872 use for the summary window. The variable | |
873 @code{rmail-summary-line-count-flag} controls whether the summary line | |
874 for a message should include the line count of the message. | |
875 | |
876 @node Rmail Summary Edit | |
877 @subsection Editing in Summaries | |
878 | |
879 You can use the Rmail summary buffer to do almost anything you can do | |
880 in the Rmail buffer itself. In fact, once you have a summary buffer, | |
881 there's no need to switch back to the Rmail buffer. | |
882 | |
883 You can select and display various messages in the Rmail buffer, from | |
884 the summary buffer, just by moving point in the summary buffer to | |
885 different lines. It doesn't matter what Emacs command you use to move | |
886 point; whichever line point is on at the end of the command, that | |
887 message is selected in the Rmail buffer. | |
888 | |
889 Almost all Rmail commands work in the summary buffer as well as in the | |
890 Rmail buffer. Thus, @kbd{d} in the summary buffer deletes the current | |
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891 message, @kbd{u} undeletes, and @kbd{x} expunges. (However, in the |
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892 summary buffer, a numeric argument to @kbd{d}, @kbd{C-d} and @kbd{u} |
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893 serves as a repeat count. A negative argument reverses the meaning of |
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894 @kbd{d} and @kbd{C-d}.) @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} output the current |
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895 message to a file; @kbd{r} starts a reply to it. You can scroll the |
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896 current message while remaining in the summary buffer using @key{SPC} |
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897 and @key{DEL}. |
25829 | 898 |
899 The Rmail commands to move between messages also work in the summary | |
900 buffer, but with a twist: they move through the set of messages included | |
901 in the summary. They also ensure the Rmail buffer appears on the screen | |
902 (unlike cursor motion commands, which update the contents of the Rmail | |
903 buffer but don't display it in a window unless it already appears). | |
904 Here is a list of these commands: | |
905 | |
906 @table @kbd | |
907 @item n | |
908 Move to next line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select its | |
909 message. | |
910 @item p | |
911 Move to previous line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select | |
912 its message. | |
913 @item M-n | |
914 Move to next line and select its message. | |
915 @item M-p | |
916 Move to previous line and select its message. | |
917 @item > | |
918 Move to the last line, and select its message. | |
919 @item < | |
920 Move to the first line, and select its message. | |
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921 @item j |
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922 @itemx @key{RET} |
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923 Select the message on the current line (ensuring that the RMAIL buffer |
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924 appears on the screen). With argument @var{n}, select message number |
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925 @var{n} and move to its line in the summary buffer; this signals an |
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926 error if the message is not listed in the summary buffer. |
25829 | 927 @item M-s @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
928 Search through messages for @var{pattern} starting with the current | |
929 message; select the message found, and move point in the summary buffer | |
930 to that message's line. | |
931 @end table | |
932 | |
933 @vindex rmail-redisplay-summary | |
934 Deletion, undeletion, and getting new mail, and even selection of a | |
935 different message all update the summary buffer when you do them in the | |
936 Rmail buffer. If the variable @code{rmail-redisplay-summary} is | |
937 non-@code{nil}, these actions also bring the summary buffer back onto | |
938 the screen. | |
939 | |
940 @kindex Q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
941 @findex rmail-summary-wipe | |
942 @kindex q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
943 @findex rmail-summary-quit | |
944 When you are finished using the summary, type @kbd{Q} | |
945 (@code{rmail-summary-wipe}) to delete the summary buffer's window. You | |
946 can also exit Rmail while in the summary: @kbd{q} | |
947 (@code{rmail-summary-quit}) deletes the summary window, then exits from | |
948 Rmail by saving the Rmail file and switching to another buffer. | |
949 | |
950 @node Rmail Sorting | |
951 @section Sorting the Rmail File | |
952 | |
953 @table @kbd | |
954 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-date | |
955 Sort messages of current Rmail file by date. | |
956 | |
957 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-subject | |
958 Sort messages of current Rmail file by subject. | |
959 | |
960 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-author | |
961 Sort messages of current Rmail file by author's name. | |
962 | |
963 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-recipient | |
964 Sort messages of current Rmail file by recipient's names. | |
965 | |
966 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-correspondent | |
967 Sort messages of current Rmail file by the name of the other | |
968 correspondent. | |
969 | |
970 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-lines | |
971 Sort messages of current Rmail file by size (number of lines). | |
972 | |
973 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-keywords @key{RET} @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
974 Sort messages of current Rmail file by labels. The argument | |
975 @var{labels} should be a comma-separated list of labels. The order of | |
976 these labels specifies the order of messages; messages with the first | |
977 label come first, messages with the second label come second, and so on. | |
978 Messages which have none of these labels come last. | |
979 @end table | |
980 | |
981 The Rmail sort commands perform a @emph{stable sort}: if there is no | |
982 reason to prefer either one of two messages, their order remains | |
983 unchanged. You can use this to sort by more than one criterion. For | |
984 example, if you use @code{rmail-sort-by-date} and then | |
985 @code{rmail-sort-by-author}, messages from the same author appear in | |
986 order by date. | |
987 | |
988 With a numeric argument, all these commands reverse the order of | |
989 comparison. This means they sort messages from newest to oldest, from | |
990 biggest to smallest, or in reverse alphabetical order. | |
991 | |
992 @node Rmail Display | |
993 @section Display of Messages | |
994 | |
995 Rmail reformats the header of each message before displaying it for | |
996 the first time. Reformatting hides uninteresting header fields to | |
997 reduce clutter. You can use the @kbd{t} command to show the entire | |
998 header or to repeat the header reformatting operation. | |
999 | |
1000 @table @kbd | |
1001 @item t | |
1002 Toggle display of complete header (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). | |
1003 @end table | |
1004 | |
1005 @vindex rmail-ignored-headers | |
68698 | 1006 @vindex rmail-nonignored-headers |
25829 | 1007 Reformatting the header involves deleting most header fields, on the |
1008 grounds that they are not interesting. The variable | |
1009 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} holds a regular expression that specifies | |
68698 | 1010 which header fields to hide in this way---if it matches the beginning |
1011 of a header field, that whole field is hidden. However, the variable | |
1012 @code{rmail-nonignored-headers} provides a further override: a header | |
1013 matching that regular expression is shown even if it matches | |
1014 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} too. | |
25829 | 1015 |
1016 @kindex t @r{(Rmail)} | |
1017 @findex rmail-toggle-header | |
1018 Rmail saves the complete original header before reformatting; to see | |
1019 it, use the @kbd{t} command (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). This | |
68698 | 1020 discards the reformatted headers of the current message and displays |
1021 it with the original header. Repeating @kbd{t} reformats the message | |
1022 again, which shows only the interesting headers according to the | |
1023 current values of those variable. Selecting the message again also | |
1024 reformats it if necessary. | |
25829 | 1025 |
1026 One consequence of this is that if you edit the reformatted header | |
1027 (using @kbd{e}; @pxref{Rmail Editing}), subsequent use of @kbd{t} will | |
1028 discard your edits. On the other hand, if you use @kbd{e} after | |
1029 @kbd{t}, to edit the original (unreformatted) header, those changes are | |
1030 permanent. | |
1031 | |
1032 When the @kbd{t} command has a prefix argument, a positive argument | |
1033 means to show the reformatted header, and a zero or negative argument | |
1034 means to show the full header. | |
1035 | |
1036 @vindex rmail-highlighted-headers | |
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1037 When the terminal supports multiple fonts or colors, Rmail |
25829 | 1038 highlights certain header fields that are especially interesting---by |
1039 default, the @samp{From} and @samp{Subject} fields. The variable | |
1040 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} holds a regular expression that | |
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1041 specifies the header fields to highlight; if it matches the beginning |
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1042 of a header field, that whole field is highlighted. |
25829 | 1043 |
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1044 If you specify unusual colors for your text foreground and |
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1045 background, the colors used for highlighting may not go well with |
68698 | 1046 them. If so, specify different colors by setting the variable |
1047 @code{rmail-highlight-face} to a suitable face. To turn off | |
1048 highlighting entirely in Rmail, set @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} | |
1049 to @code{nil}. | |
25829 | 1050 |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1051 You can highlight and activate URLs in incoming messages by adding |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1052 the function @code{goto-address} to the hook |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1053 @code{rmail-show-message-hook}. Then you can browse these URLs by |
60435
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59564
diff
changeset
|
1054 clicking on them with @kbd{Mouse-2} (or @kbd{Mouse-1} quickly) or by |
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59564
diff
changeset
|
1055 moving to one and typing @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. @xref{Goto-address, |
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59564
diff
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|
1056 Activating URLs, Activating URLs}. |
36173
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1057 |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1058 @node Rmail Coding |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1059 @section Rmail and Coding Systems |
28339 | 1060 |
35473
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1061 @cindex decoding mail messages (Rmail) |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
1062 Rmail automatically decodes messages which contain non-@acronym{ASCII} |
38065
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37577
diff
changeset
|
1063 characters, just as Emacs does with files you visit and with subprocess |
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37577
diff
changeset
|
1064 output. Rmail uses the standard @samp{charset=@var{charset}} header in |
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37577
diff
changeset
|
1065 the message, if any, to determine how the message was encoded by the |
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37577
diff
changeset
|
1066 sender. It maps @var{charset} into the corresponding Emacs coding |
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1067 system (@pxref{Coding Systems}), and uses that coding system to decode |
38868 | 1068 message text. If the message header doesn't have the @samp{charset} |
1069 specification, or if @var{charset} is not recognized, | |
38065
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37577
diff
changeset
|
1070 Rmail chooses the coding system with the usual Emacs heuristics and |
4f1705a63f02
Proofreading fixes from Tim Goodwin <tjg@star.le.ac.uk>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1071 defaults (@pxref{Recognize Coding}). |
36173
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1072 |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1073 @cindex fixing incorrectly decoded mail messages |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1074 Occasionally, a message is decoded incorrectly, either because Emacs |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1075 guessed the wrong coding system in the absence of the @samp{charset} |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1076 specification, or because the specification was inaccurate. For |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1077 example, a misconfigured mailer could send a message with a |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1078 @samp{charset=iso-8859-1} header when the message is actually encoded |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
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|
1079 in @code{koi8-r}. When you see the message text garbled, or some of |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
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|
1080 its characters displayed as empty boxes, this may have happened. |
35473
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1081 |
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1082 @findex rmail-redecode-body |
36173
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
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|
1083 You can correct the problem by decoding the message again using the |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1084 right coding system, if you can figure out or guess which one is |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1085 right. To do this, invoke the @kbd{M-x rmail-redecode-body} command. |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1086 It reads the name of a coding system, encodes the message body using |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1087 whichever coding system was used to decode it before, then redecodes |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1088 it using the coding system you specified. If you specified the right |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1089 coding system, the result should be readable. |
35473
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1090 |
36173
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1091 Decoding and encoding using the wrong coding system is lossless for |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1092 most encodings, in particular with 8-bit encodings such as iso-8859 or |
35473
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1093 koi8. So, if the initial attempt to redecode the message didn't |
36173
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1094 result in a legible text, you can try other coding systems until you |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1095 succeed. |
35473
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1096 |
36173
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1097 With some coding systems, notably those from the iso-2022 family, |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1098 information can be lost in decoding, so that encoding the message |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1099 again won't bring back the original incoming text. In such a case, |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
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|
1100 @code{rmail-redecode-body} cannot work. However, the problems that |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
changeset
|
1101 call for use of @code{rmail-redecode-body} rarely occur with those |
808e169709e6
New node Rmail Coding for the discussion of coding systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35473
diff
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|
1102 coding systems. So in practice the command works when you need it. |
35473
6b9d1a2fb28b
(Rmail Display): Document rmail-redecode-body.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30802
diff
changeset
|
1103 |
25829 | 1104 @node Rmail Editing |
1105 @section Editing Within a Message | |
1106 | |
1107 Most of the usual Emacs commands are available in Rmail mode, though a | |
1108 few, such as @kbd{C-M-n} and @kbd{C-M-h}, are redefined by Rmail for | |
1109 other purposes. However, the Rmail buffer is normally read only, and | |
1110 most of the letters are redefined as Rmail commands. If you want to | |
1111 edit the text of a message, you must use the Rmail command @kbd{e}. | |
1112 | |
1113 @table @kbd | |
1114 @item e | |
1115 Edit the current message as ordinary text. | |
1116 @end table | |
1117 | |
1118 @kindex e @r{(Rmail)} | |
1119 @findex rmail-edit-current-message | |
1120 The @kbd{e} command (@code{rmail-edit-current-message}) switches from | |
1121 Rmail mode into Rmail Edit mode, another major mode which is nearly the | |
1122 same as Text mode. The mode line indicates this change. | |
1123 | |
1124 In Rmail Edit mode, letters insert themselves as usual and the Rmail | |
1125 commands are not available. When you are finished editing the message and | |
1126 are ready to go back to Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-c}, which switches back to | |
1127 Rmail mode. Alternatively, you can return to Rmail mode but cancel all the | |
1128 editing that you have done, by typing @kbd{C-c C-]}. | |
1129 | |
1130 @vindex rmail-edit-mode-hook | |
1131 Entering Rmail Edit mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}; then it | |
1132 runs the hook @code{rmail-edit-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). It adds the | |
1133 attribute @samp{edited} to the message. It also displays the full | |
1134 headers of the message, so that you can edit the headers as well as the | |
36345
7f2b7440c534
(Rmail Editing): Remove doubled `the'.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36263
diff
changeset
|
1135 body of the message, and your changes in the headers will be |
25829 | 1136 permanent. |
1137 | |
1138 @node Rmail Digest | |
1139 @section Digest Messages | |
1140 @cindex digest message | |
1141 @cindex undigestify | |
1142 | |
1143 A @dfn{digest message} is a message which exists to contain and carry | |
1144 several other messages. Digests are used on some moderated mailing | |
1145 lists; all the messages that arrive for the list during a period of time | |
1146 such as one day are put inside a single digest which is then sent to the | |
1147 subscribers. Transmitting the single digest uses much less computer | |
1148 time than transmitting the individual messages even though the total | |
1149 size is the same, because the per-message overhead in network mail | |
1150 transmission is considerable. | |
1151 | |
1152 @findex undigestify-rmail-message | |
1153 When you receive a digest message, the most convenient way to read it is | |
1154 to @dfn{undigestify} it: to turn it back into many individual messages. | |
1155 Then you can read and delete the individual messages as it suits you. | |
44326 | 1156 To do this, select the digest message and type the command @kbd{M-x |
25829 | 1157 undigestify-rmail-message}. This extracts the submessages as separate |
1158 Rmail messages, and inserts them following the digest. The digest | |
1159 message itself is flagged as deleted. | |
1160 | |
1161 @node Out of Rmail | |
1162 @section Converting an Rmail File to Inbox Format | |
39303
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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|
1163 @cindex Babyl format to Inbox format |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
39287
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changeset
|
1164 @cindex converting Rmail file to mailbox format |
25829 | 1165 |
1166 @findex unrmail | |
1167 The command @kbd{M-x unrmail} converts a file in Rmail format to inbox | |
39303
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
diff
changeset
|
1168 format (also known as the system mailbox, or mbox, format), so that |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
diff
changeset
|
1169 you can use it with other mail-editing tools. You must specify two |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
diff
changeset
|
1170 arguments, the name of the Rmail file and the name to use for the |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
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|
1171 converted file. @kbd{M-x unrmail} does not alter the Rmail file itself. |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1172 |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1173 @pindex b2m |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
39287
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|
1174 @kbd{M-x unrmail} is useful if you can run Emacs on the machine |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1175 where the Rmail file resides, or can access the Rmail file remotely |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1176 (@pxref{Remote Files}) from a machine where Emacs is installed. If |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
39287
diff
changeset
|
1177 accessing Rmail files from Emacs is impossible, you can use the |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
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|
1178 @command{b2m} program instead. @command{b2m} is part of the Emacs |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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|
1179 distribution, it is installed into the same directory where all the |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
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changeset
|
1180 other auxiliary programs (@command{etags} etc.) are installed, and its |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39287
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|
1181 source is available in the Emacs source distribution, so that you |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1182 could copy the source to the target machine and compile it there. |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1183 |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
39287
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changeset
|
1184 To convert a file @file{@var{babyl-file}} into @file{@var{mbox-file}}, |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1185 invoke @command{b2m} like this: |
2fc0bb5d638f
(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1186 |
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(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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|
1187 @example |
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(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
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parents:
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|
1188 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
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(Out of Rmail): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1189 @end example |
25829 | 1190 |
1191 @node Rmail Rot13 | |
1192 @section Reading Rot13 Messages | |
1193 @cindex rot13 code | |
1194 | |
1195 Mailing list messages that might offend some readers are sometimes | |
1196 encoded in a simple code called @dfn{rot13}---so named because it | |
1197 rotates the alphabet by 13 letters. This code is not for secrecy, as it | |
1198 provides none; rather, it enables those who might be offended to avoid | |
71593 | 1199 seeing the real text of the message. |
25829 | 1200 |
1201 @findex rot13-other-window | |
71593 | 1202 To view a buffer which uses the rot13 code, use the command @kbd{M-x |
25829 | 1203 rot13-other-window}. This displays the current buffer in another window |
1204 which applies the code when displaying the text. | |
1205 | |
1206 @node Movemail | |
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|
1207 @section @code{movemail} program |
25829 | 1208 @cindex @code{movemail} program |
1209 | |
60435
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(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
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|
1210 When invoked for the first time, Rmail attempts to locate the |
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(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
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|
1211 @code{movemail} program and determine its version. There are two |
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
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parents:
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|
1212 versions of @code{movemail} program: the native one, shipped with GNU |
b8d2ec2a15e7
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parents:
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|
1213 Emacs (the ``emacs version'') and the one included in GNU mailutils |
60859
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(Movemail): Put commas inside closequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1214 (the ``mailutils version,'' @pxref{movemail,,,mailutils,GNU |
60435
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|
1215 mailutils}). They support the same command line syntax and the same |
71593 | 1216 basic subset of options. However, the Mailutils version offers |
60435
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|
1217 additional features. |
59562
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|
1218 |
60435
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|
1219 The Emacs version of @code{movemail} is able to retrieve mail from |
b8d2ec2a15e7
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|
1220 usual UNIX mailbox formats and from remote mailboxes using the POP3 |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1221 protocol. |
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1222 |
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1223 The Mailutils version is able to handle a wide set of mailbox |
59562
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1224 formats, such as plain UNIX mailboxes, @code{maildir} and @code{MH} |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1225 mailboxes, etc. It is able to retrieve remote mail using POP3 or |
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(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1226 IMAP4 protocol, and can retrieve mail from them using a TLS encrypted |
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(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1227 channel. It also accepts mailbox argument in the @acronym{URL} form. |
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|
1228 The detailed description of mailbox @acronym{URL}s can be found in |
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
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diff
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|
1229 @ref{URL,,,mailutils,Mailbox URL Formats}. In short, a @acronym{URL} |
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1230 is: |
59562
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|
1231 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1232 @smallexample |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1233 @var{proto}://[@var{user}[:@var{password}]@@]@var{host-or-file-name} |
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1234 @end smallexample |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1235 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1236 @noindent |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1237 where square brackets denote optional elements. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1238 |
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1239 @table @var |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1240 @item proto |
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|
1241 Specifies the @dfn{mailbox protocol}, or @dfn{format} to |
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parents:
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1242 use. The exact semantics of the rest of @acronym{URL} elements depends |
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1243 on the actual value of @var{proto}. |
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1244 |
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1245 @item user |
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1246 User name to access the remote mailbox. |
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|
1247 |
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1248 @item password |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1249 User password to access the remote mailbox. |
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|
1250 |
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|
1251 @item host-or-file-name |
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1252 Hostname of the remote server for remote mailboxes or file name of a |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1253 local mailbox. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1254 @end table |
17c9e16e0207
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|
1255 |
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1256 @var{Proto} can be one of: |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1257 |
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|
1258 @table @asis |
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1259 @item mbox |
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1260 Usual UNIX mailbox format. In this case, neither @var{user} nor |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1261 @var{pass} are used, and @var{host-or-file-name} denotes the file name of |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1262 the mailbox file, e.g., @code{mbox://var/spool/mail/smith}. |
17c9e16e0207
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|
1263 |
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|
1264 @item mh |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1265 A local mailbox in the @acronym{MH} format. @var{User} and |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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1266 @var{pass} are not used. @var{Host-or-file-name} denotes the name of |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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1267 @acronym{MH} folder, e.g., @code{mh://Mail/inbox}. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1268 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1269 @item maildir |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1270 A local mailbox in the @acronym{maildir} format. @var{User} and |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1271 @var{pass} are not used, and @var{host-or-file-name} denotes the name of |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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1272 @code{maildir} mailbox, e.g., @code{maildir://mail/inbox}. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1273 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1274 @item file |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1275 Any local mailbox format. Its actual format is detected automatically |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1276 by @code{movemail}. |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1277 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1278 @item pop |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1279 A remote mailbox to be accessed via POP3 protocol. @var{User} |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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1280 specifies the remote user name to use, @var{pass} may be used to |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1281 specify the user password, @var{host-or-file-name} is the name or IP |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1282 address of the remote mail server to connect to; e.g., |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1283 @code{pop://smith:guessme@@remote.server.net}. |
61436
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1284 |
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|
1285 @item imap |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1286 A remote mailbox to be accessed via IMAP4 protocol. @var{User} |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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1287 specifies the remote user name to use, @var{pass} may be used to |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1288 specify the user password, @var{host-or-file-name} is the name or IP |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1289 address of the remote mail server to connect to; |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1290 e.g., @code{imap://smith:guessme@@remote.server.net}. |
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|
1291 @end table |
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|
1292 |
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1293 Alternatively, you can specify the file name of the mailbox to use. |
b8d2ec2a15e7
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|
1294 This is equivalent to specifying the @samp{file} protocol: |
59562
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1295 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1296 @smallexample |
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|
1297 /var/spool/mail/@var{user} @equiv{} file://var/spool/mail/@var{user} |
59562
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1298 @end smallexample |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1299 |
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|
1300 @vindex rmail-movemail-program |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1301 @vindex rmail-movemail-search-path |
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|
1302 The variable @code{rmail-movemail-program} controls which version of |
b8d2ec2a15e7
(Rmail Inbox): Move text from Remote Mailboxes that really belongs here.
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parents:
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1303 @code{movemail} to use. If that is a string, it specifies the |
b8d2ec2a15e7
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parents:
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|
1304 absolute file name of the @code{movemail} executable. If it is |
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parents:
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|
1305 @code{nil}, Rmail searches for @code{movemail} in the directories |
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|
1306 listed in @code{rmail-movemail-search-path} and @code{exec-path}, then |
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parents:
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|
1307 in @code{exec-directory}. |
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|
1308 |
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1309 @node Remote Mailboxes |
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1310 @section Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes |
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1311 @pindex movemail |
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1312 |
25829 | 1313 Some sites use a method called POP for accessing users' inbox data |
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1314 instead of storing the data in inbox files. The @code{Emacs |
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1315 movemail} can work with POP if you compile it with the macro |
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1316 @code{MAIL_USE_POP} defined. (You can achieve that by specifying |
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1317 @samp{--with-pop} when you run @code{configure} during the |
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1318 installation of Emacs.) |
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|
1319 |
71593 | 1320 The Mailutils @code{movemail} by default supports POP, unless it was |
1321 configured with @samp{--disable-pop} option. | |
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1322 |
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1323 Both versions of @code{movemail} only work with POP3, not with older |
25829 | 1324 versions of POP. |
1325 | |
29107 | 1326 @cindex @env{MAILHOST} environment variable |
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1327 @cindex POP mailboxes |
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1328 No matter which flavor of @code{movemail} you use, you can specify |
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1329 POP inbox by using POP @dfn{URL} (@pxref{Movemail}). A POP |
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|
1330 @acronym{URL} is a ``file name'' of the form |
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|
1331 @samp{pop://@var{username}@@@var{hostname}}, where |
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1332 @var{hostname} is the host name or IP address of the remote mail |
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1333 server and @var{username} is the user name on that server. |
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1334 Additionally, you may specify the password in the mailbox @acronym{URL}: |
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1335 @samp{pop://@var{username}:@var{password}@@@var{hostname}}. In this |
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1336 case, @var{password} takes preference over the one set by |
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1337 @code{rmail-remote-password}. This is especially useful if you have |
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1338 several remote mailboxes with different passwords. |
25829 | 1339 |
71593 | 1340 For backward compatibility, Rmail also supports two alternative ways |
1341 of specifying remote POP mailboxes. First, specifying an inbox name | |
1342 in the form @samp{po:@var{username}:@var{hostname}} is equivalent to | |
1343 @samp{pop://@var{username}@@@var{hostname}}. Alternatively, you may | |
1344 set a ``file name'' of @samp{po:@var{username}} in the inbox list of | |
1345 an Rmail file. @code{movemail} will handle such a name by opening a | |
1346 connection to the POP server. In this case, the @env{MAILHOST} | |
1347 environment variable specifies the machine on which to look for the | |
1348 POP server. | |
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1349 |
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1350 @cindex IMAP mailboxes |
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1351 Another method for accessing remote mailboxes is IMAP. This method is |
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1352 supported only by the Mailutils @code{movemail}. To specify an IMAP |
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1353 mailbox in the inbox list, use the following mailbox @acronym{URL}: |
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1354 @samp{imap://@var{username}[:@var{password}]@@@var{hostname}}. The |
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1355 @var{password} part is optional, as described above. |
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1356 |
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1357 @vindex rmail-remote-password |
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1358 @vindex rmail-remote-password-required |
25829 | 1359 @vindex rmail-pop-password |
1360 @vindex rmail-pop-password-required | |
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1361 Accessing a remote mailbox may require a password. Rmail uses the |
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1362 following algorithm to retrieve it: |
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1363 |
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1364 @enumerate |
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1365 @item |
59564 | 1366 If the @var{password} is present in mailbox URL (see above), it is |
1367 used. | |
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1368 @item |
59564 | 1369 If the variable @code{rmail-remote-password} is non-@code{nil}, its |
1370 value is used. | |
1371 @item | |
1372 Otherwise, if @code{rmail-remote-password-required} is non-@code{nil}, | |
1373 then Rmail will ask you for the password to use. | |
1374 @item | |
1375 Otherwise, Rmail assumes no password is required. | |
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1376 @end enumerate |
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1377 |
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1378 For compatibility with previous versions, @code{rmail-pop-password} |
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1379 and @code{rmail-pop-password-required} may be used instead of |
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1380 @code{rmail-remote-password} and @code{rmail-remote-password-required}. |
25829 | 1381 |
1382 @vindex rmail-movemail-flags | |
1383 If you need to pass additional command-line flags to @code{movemail}, | |
1384 set the variable @code{rmail-movemail-flags} a list of the flags you | |
1385 wish to use. Do not use this variable to pass the @samp{-p} flag to | |
1386 preserve your inbox contents; use @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} instead. | |
1387 | |
1388 @cindex Kerberos POP authentication | |
1389 The @code{movemail} program installed at your site may support | |
1390 Kerberos authentication. If it is | |
1391 supported, it is used by default whenever you attempt to retrieve | |
1392 POP mail when @code{rmail-pop-password} and | |
1393 @code{rmail-pop-password-required} are unset. | |
1394 | |
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1395 @cindex reverse order in POP inboxes |
25829 | 1396 Some POP servers store messages in reverse order. If your server does |
1397 this, and you would rather read your mail in the order in which it was | |
1398 received, you can tell @code{movemail} to reverse the order of | |
1399 downloaded messages by adding the @samp{-r} flag to | |
1400 @code{rmail-movemail-flags}. | |
52401 | 1401 |
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1402 @cindex TLS encryption (Rmail) |
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1403 Mailutils @code{movemail} supports TLS encryption. If you wish to |
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1404 use it, add the @samp{--tls} flag to @code{rmail-movemail-flags}. |
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1405 |
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1406 @node Other Mailbox Formats |
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1407 @section Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in Various Formats |
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1408 |
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1409 If your incoming mail is stored on a local machine in a format other |
71593 | 1410 than UNIX mailbox, you will need the Mailutils @code{movemail} to |
1411 retrieve it. @xref{Movemail}, for the detailed description of | |
1412 @code{movemail} versions. For example, to access mail from a inbox in | |
1413 @code{maildir} format located in @file{/var/spool/mail/in}, you would | |
1414 include the following in the Rmail inbox list: | |
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1415 |
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1416 @smallexample |
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1417 maildir://var/spool/mail/in |
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1418 @end smallexample |
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1419 |
52401 | 1420 @ignore |
1421 arch-tag: 034965f6-38df-47a2-a9f1-b8bc8ab37e23 | |
1422 @end ignore |