annotate lisp/eshell/eshell.el @ 31006:86a1ed13f0f2

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author Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
date Mon, 21 Aug 2000 14:18:32 +0000
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children a511ba2b1746
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1 ;;; eshell --- the Emacs command shell
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2
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation
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4
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5 ;; Author: John Wiegley <johnw@gnu.org>
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6 ;; Keywords: processes
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7 ;; X-URL: http://www.emacs.org/~johnw/eshell.html
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8
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9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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10
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11 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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12 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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13 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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14 ;; any later version.
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15
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16 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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17 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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18 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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19 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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20
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21 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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22 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
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23 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
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24 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
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25
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26 (provide 'eshell)
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27
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28 (eval-when-compile (require 'esh-maint))
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29
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30 (defgroup eshell nil
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31 "Eshell is a command shell implemented entirely in Emacs Lisp. It
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32 invokes no external processes beyond those requested by the user. It
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33 is intended to be a functional replacement for command shells such as
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34 bash, zsh, rc, 4dos; since Emacs itself is capable of handling most of
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35 the tasks accomplished by such tools."
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36 :tag "The Emacs shell"
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37 :link '(info-link "(eshell)The Emacs shell")
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38 :group 'applications)
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39
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40 ;;; Commentary:
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41
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42 ;;;_* What does Eshell offer you?
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43 ;;
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44 ;; Despite the sheer fact that running an Emacs shell can be fun, here
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45 ;; are a few of the unique features offered by Eshell:
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46 ;;
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47 ;; @ Integration with the Emacs Lisp programming environment
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48 ;;
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49 ;; @ A high degree of configurability
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50 ;;
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51 ;; @ The ability to have the same shell on every system Emacs has been
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52 ;; ported to. Since Eshell imposes no external requirements, and
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53 ;; relies upon only the Lisp functions exposed by Emacs, it is quite
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54 ;; operating system independent. Several of the common UNIX
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55 ;; commands, such as ls, mv, rm, ln, etc., have been implemented in
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56 ;; Lisp in order to provide a more consistent work environment.
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57 ;;
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58 ;; For those who might be using an older version of Eshell, version
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59 ;; 2.1 represents an entirely new, module-based architecture. It
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60 ;; supports most of the features offered by modern shells. Here is a
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61 ;; brief list of some of its more visible features:
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62 ;;
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63 ;; @ Command argument completion (tcsh, zsh)
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64 ;; @ Input history management (bash)
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65 ;; @ Intelligent output scrolling
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66 ;; @ Psuedo-devices (such as "/dev/clip" for copying to the clipboard)
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67 ;; @ Extended globbing (zsh)
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68 ;; @ Argument and globbing predication (zsh)
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69 ;; @ I/O redirection to buffers, files, symbols, processes, etc.
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70 ;; @ Many niceties otherwise seen only in 4DOS
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71 ;; @ Alias functions, both Lisp and Eshell-syntax
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72 ;; @ Piping, sequenced commands, background jobs, etc...
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73 ;;
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74 ;;;_* Eshell is free software
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75 ;;
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76 ;; Eshell is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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77 ;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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78 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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79 ;; any later version.
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80 ;;
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81 ;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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82 ;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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83 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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84 ;; General Public License for more details.
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85 ;;
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86 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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87 ;; along with Eshell; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
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88 ;; Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
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89 ;; 02111-1307, USA.
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90 ;;
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91 ;;;_* How to begin
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92 ;;
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93 ;; To start using Eshell, add the following to your .emacs file:
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94 ;;
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95 ;; (load "eshell-auto")
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96 ;;
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97 ;; This will define all of the necessary autoloads.
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98 ;;
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99 ;; Now type `M-x eshell'. See the INSTALL file for full installation
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100 ;; instructions.
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101 ;;
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102 ;;;_* Philosophy
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103 ;;
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104 ;; A shell is a layer which metaphorically surrounds the kernel, or
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105 ;; heart of an operating system. This kernel can be seen as an engine
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106 ;; of pure functionality, waiting to serve, while the user programs
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107 ;; take advantage of that functionality to accomplish their purpose.
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108 ;;
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109 ;; The shell's role is to make that functionality accessible to the
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110 ;; user in an unformed state. Very roughly, it associates kernel
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111 ;; functionality with textual commands, allowing the user to interact
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112 ;; with the operating system via linguistic constructs. Process
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113 ;; invocation is perhaps the most significant form this takes, using
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114 ;; the kernel's `fork' and `exec' functions.
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115 ;;
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116 ;; Other programs also interact with the functionality of the kernel,
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117 ;; but these user applications typically offer a specific range of
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118 ;; functionality, and thus are not classed as "shells" proper.
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119 ;; (What they lose in quiddity, they gain in rigidity).
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120 ;;
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121 ;; Emacs is also a user application, but it does make the
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122 ;; functionality of the kernel accessible through an interpreted
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123 ;; language -- namely, Lisp. For that reason, there is little
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124 ;; preventing Emacs from serving the same role as a modern shell. It
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125 ;; too can manipulate the kernel in an unpredetermined way to cause
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126 ;; system changes. All it's missing is the shell-ish linguistic
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127 ;; model.
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128 ;;
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129 ;; Enter Eshell. Eshell translates "shell-like" syntax into Lisp
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130 ;; in order to exercise the kernel in the same manner as typical
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131 ;; system shells. There is a fundamental difference here, however,
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132 ;; although it may seem subtle at first...
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133 ;;
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134 ;; Shells like csh and Bourne shell were written several decades ago,
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135 ;; in different times, under more restrictive circumstances. This
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136 ;; confined perspective shows itself in the paradigm used by nearly
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137 ;; all command-line shells since. They are linear in conception, byte
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138 ;; stream-based, sequential, and confined to movement within a single
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139 ;; host machine.
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140 ;;
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141 ;; Emacs, on the other hand, is more than just a limited translator
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142 ;; that can invoke subprocesses and redirect file handles. It also
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143 ;; manages character buffers, windowing frames, network connections,
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144 ;; registers, bookmarks, processes, etc. In other words, it's a very
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145 ;; multi-dimensional environment, within which eshell emulates a highly
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146 ;; linear methodology.
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147 ;;
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148 ;; Taking a moment, let's look at how this could affect the future of
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149 ;; a shell allowed to develop in such a wider field of play:
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150 ;;
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151 ;; @ There is no reason why directory movement should be linear, and
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152 ;; confined to a single file-system. Emacs, through w3 and ange-ftp,
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153 ;; has access to the entire Web. Why not allow a user to cd to
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154 ;; multiple directories simultaneously, for example? It might make
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155 ;; some tasks easier, such as diff'ing files separated by very long
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156 ;; pathnames.
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157 ;;
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158 ;; @ Data sources are available from anywhere Emacs can derive
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159 ;; information from: not just from files or the output of other
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160 ;; processes.
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161 ;;
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162 ;; @ Multiple shell invocations all share the same environment -- even
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163 ;; the same process list! It would be possible to have "process
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164 ;; views", so that one buffer is watching standard output, another
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165 ;; standard error, and another the result of standard output grep'd
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166 ;; through a regular expression...
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167 ;;
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168 ;; @ It is not necessary to "leave" the shell, losing all input and
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169 ;; output history, environment variables, directory stack, etc.
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170 ;; Emacs could save the contents of your eshell environment, and
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171 ;; restore all of it (or at least as much as possible) each time you
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172 ;; restart. This could occur automatically, without requiring
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173 ;; complex initialization scripts.
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174 ;;
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175 ;; @ Typos occur all of the time; many of them are repeats of common
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176 ;; errors, such as 'dri' for `dir'. Since executing non-existent
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177 ;; programs is rarely the intention of the user, eshell could prompt
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178 ;; for the replacement string, and then record that in a database of
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179 ;; known misspellings. (Note: The typo at the beginning of this
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180 ;; paragraph wasn't discovered until two months after I wrote the
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181 ;; text; it was not intentional).
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182 ;;
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183 ;; @ Emacs' register and bookmarking facilities can be used for
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184 ;; remembering where you've been, and what you've seen -- to varying
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185 ;; levels of persistence. They could perhaps even be tied to
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186 ;; specific "moments" during eshell execution, which would include
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187 ;; the environment at that time, as well as other variables.
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188 ;; Although this would require functionality orthogonal to Emacs'
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189 ;; own bookmarking facilities, the interface used could be made to
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190 ;; operate very similarly.
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191 ;;
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192 ;; This presents a brief idea of what the fuller dimensionality of an
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193 ;; Emacs shell could offer. It's not just the language of a shell
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194 ;; that determines how it's used, but also the Weltanschauung
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195 ;; underlying its design -- and which is felt behind even the smallest
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196 ;; feature. I would hope the freedom provided by using Emacs as a
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197 ;; parent environment will invite rich ideas from others. It
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198 ;; certainly feels as though all I've done so far is to tie down the
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199 ;; horse, so to speak, so that he will run at a man's pace.
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200 ;;
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201 ;;;_* Influences
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202 ;;
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203 ;; The author of Eshell has been a long-time user of the following
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204 ;; shells, all of which contributed to Eshell's design:
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205 ;;
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206 ;; @ rc
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207 ;; @ bash
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208 ;; @ zsh
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209 ;; @ sh
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210 ;; @ 4nt
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211 ;; @ csh
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212
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213 ;;;_* User Options
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214 ;;
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215 ;; The following user options modify the behavior of Eshell overall.
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216
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217 (load "esh-util" nil t)
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218
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219 (defsubst eshell-add-to-window-buffer-names ()
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220 "Add `eshell-buffer-name' to `same-window-buffer-names'."
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221 (add-to-list 'same-window-buffer-names eshell-buffer-name))
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222
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223 (defsubst eshell-remove-from-window-buffer-names ()
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224 "Remove `eshell-buffer-name' from `same-window-buffer-names'."
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225 (setq same-window-buffer-names
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226 (delete eshell-buffer-name same-window-buffer-names)))
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227
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228 (defcustom eshell-load-hook nil
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229 "*A hook run once Eshell has been loaded."
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230 :type 'hook
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231 :group 'eshell)
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232
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233 (defcustom eshell-unload-hook
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234 '(eshell-remove-from-window-buffer-names
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235 eshell-unload-all-modules)
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236 "*A hook run when Eshell is unloaded from memory."
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237 :type 'hook
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238 :group 'eshell)
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239
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240 (defcustom eshell-buffer-name "*eshell*"
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241 "*The basename used for Eshell buffers."
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242 :set (lambda (symbol value)
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243 ;; remove the old value of `eshell-buffer-name', if present
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244 (if (boundp 'eshell-buffer-name)
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245 (eshell-remove-from-window-buffer-names))
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246 (set symbol value)
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247 ;; add the new value
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248 (eshell-add-to-window-buffer-names)
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249 value)
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250 :type 'string
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251 :group 'eshell)
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252
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253 (eshell-deftest mode same-window-buffer-names
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254 "`eshell-buffer-name' is a member of `same-window-buffer-names'"
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255 (member eshell-buffer-name same-window-buffer-names))
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256
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257 (defcustom eshell-directory-name (convert-standard-filename "~/.eshell/")
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258 "*The directory where Eshell control files should be kept."
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259 :type 'directory
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260 :group 'eshell)
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261
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262 (eshell-deftest mode eshell-directory-exists
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263 "`eshell-directory-name' exists and is writable"
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264 (file-writable-p eshell-directory-name))
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265
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266 (eshell-deftest mode eshell-directory-modes
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267 "`eshell-directory-name' has correct access protections"
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268 (or (eshell-under-windows-p)
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269 (= (file-modes eshell-directory-name)
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270 eshell-private-directory-modes)))
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271
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272 (defcustom eshell-prefer-to-shell nil
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273 "*If non-nil, \\[shell-command] will use Eshell instead of shell-mode."
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274 :set (lambda (symbol value)
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275 ;; modifying the global keymap directly is odious, but how
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276 ;; else to achieve the takeover?
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277 (if value
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278 (progn
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279 (define-key global-map [(meta ?!)] 'eshell-command)
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280 ;;; (define-key global-map [(meta ?|)] 'eshell-command-on-region)
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281 )
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282 (define-key global-map [(meta ?!)] 'shell-command)
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283 ;;; (define-key global-map [(meta ?|)] 'shell-command-on-region)
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284 )
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285 (set symbol value))
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286 :type 'boolean
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287 :require 'eshell
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288 :group 'eshell)
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289
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290 ;;;_* Running Eshell
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291 ;;
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292 ;; There are only three commands used to invoke Eshell. The first two
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293 ;; are intended for interactive use, while the third is meant for
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294 ;; programmers. They are:
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295
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296 ;;;###autoload
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297 (defun eshell (&optional arg)
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298 "Create an interactive Eshell buffer.
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299 The buffer used for Eshell sessions is determined by the value of
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300 `eshell-buffer-name'. If there is already an Eshell session active in
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301 that buffer, Emacs will simply switch to it. Otherwise, a new session
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302 will begin. A new session is always created if the the prefix
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303 argument ARG is specified. Returns the buffer selected (or created)."
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304 (interactive "P")
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305 (assert eshell-buffer-name)
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306 (let ((buf (if arg
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307 (generate-new-buffer eshell-buffer-name)
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308 (get-buffer-create eshell-buffer-name))))
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309 ;; Simply calling `pop-to-buffer' will not mimic the way that
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310 ;; shell-mode buffers appear, since they always reuse the same
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311 ;; window that that command was invoked from. To achieve this,
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312 ;; it's necessary to add `eshell-buffer-name' to the variable
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313 ;; `same-window-buffer-names', which is done when Eshell is loaded
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314 (assert (and buf (buffer-live-p buf)))
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315 (pop-to-buffer buf)
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316 (unless (fboundp 'eshell-mode)
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317 (error "`eshell-auto' must be loaded before Eshell can be used"))
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318 (unless (eq major-mode 'eshell-mode)
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319 (eshell-mode))
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320 (assert (eq major-mode 'eshell-mode))
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321 buf))
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322
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323 (defun eshell-return-exits-minibuffer ()
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324 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(control ?g)] 'abort-recursive-edit)
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325 (define-key eshell-mode-map [return] 'exit-minibuffer)
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326 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(control ?m)] 'exit-minibuffer)
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327 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(control ?j)] 'exit-minibuffer)
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328 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(meta return)] 'exit-minibuffer)
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329 (define-key eshell-mode-map [(meta control ?m)] 'exit-minibuffer))
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330
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331 ;;;###autoload
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332 (defun eshell-command (&optional command arg)
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333 "Execute the Eshell command string COMMAND.
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334 With prefix ARG, insert output into the current buffer at point."
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335 (interactive)
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336 (require 'esh-cmd)
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337 (setq arg current-prefix-arg)
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338 (unwind-protect
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339 (let ((eshell-non-interactive-p t))
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340 (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'eshell-mode)
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341 (add-hook 'eshell-mode-hook 'eshell-return-exits-minibuffer)
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342 (setq command (read-from-minibuffer "Emacs shell command: ")))
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343 (remove-hook 'eshell-mode-hook 'eshell-return-exits-minibuffer)
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344 (remove-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook 'eshell-mode))
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345 (unless command
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346 (error "No command specified!"))
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347 ;; redirection into the current buffer is achieved by adding an
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348 ;; output redirection to the end of the command, of the form
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349 ;; 'COMMAND >>> #<buffer BUFFER>'. This will not interfere with
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350 ;; other redirections, since multiple redirections merely cause the
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351 ;; output to be copied to multiple target locations
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352 (if arg
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353 (setq command
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354 (concat command
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355 (format " >>> #<buffer %s>"
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356 (buffer-name (current-buffer))))))
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357 (save-excursion
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358 (require 'esh-mode)
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359 (let ((buf (set-buffer (generate-new-buffer " *eshell cmd*")))
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360 (eshell-non-interactive-p t))
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361 (eshell-mode)
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362 (let* ((proc (eshell-eval-command
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363 (list 'eshell-commands
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364 (eshell-parse-command command))))
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365 intr
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366 (bufname (if (and proc (listp proc))
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367 "*EShell Async Command Output*"
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368 (setq intr t)
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369 "*EShell Command Output*")))
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370 (if (buffer-live-p (get-buffer bufname))
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371 (kill-buffer bufname))
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372 (rename-buffer bufname)
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373 ;; things get a little coarse here, since the desire is to
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374 ;; make the output as attractive as possible, with no
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375 ;; extraneous newlines
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376 (when intr
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377 (if (eshell-interactive-process)
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378 (eshell-wait-for-process (eshell-interactive-process)))
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379 (assert (not (eshell-interactive-process)))
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380 (goto-char (point-max))
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381 (while (and (bolp) (not (bobp)))
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382 (delete-backward-char 1)))
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383 (assert (and buf (buffer-live-p buf)))
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384 (unless arg
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385 (let ((len (if (not intr) 2
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386 (count-lines (point-min) (point-max)))))
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387 (cond
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388 ((= len 0)
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389 (message "(There was no command output)")
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390 (kill-buffer buf))
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391 ((= len 1)
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392 (message (buffer-string))
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393 (kill-buffer buf))
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394 (t
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395 (save-selected-window
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396 (select-window (display-buffer buf))
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397 (goto-char (point-min))
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398 ;; cause the output buffer to take up as little screen
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399 ;; real-estate as possible, if temp buffer resizing is
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400 ;; enabled
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401 (and intr temp-buffer-resize-mode
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402 (resize-temp-buffer-window)))))))))))
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403
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404 ;;;###autoload
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405 (defun eshell-command-result (command &optional status-var)
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406 "Execute the given Eshell COMMAND, and return the result.
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407 The result might be any Lisp object.
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408 If STATUS-VAR is a symbol, it will be set to the exit status of the
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409 command. This is the only way to determine whether the value returned
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410 corresponding to a successful execution."
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411 ;; a null command produces a null, successful result
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412 (if (not command)
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413 (ignore
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414 (if (and status-var (symbolp status-var))
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415 (set status-var 0)))
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416 (with-temp-buffer
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417 (require 'esh-mode)
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418 (let ((eshell-non-interactive-p t))
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419 (eshell-mode)
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420 (let ((result (eshell-do-eval
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421 (list 'eshell-commands
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422 (list 'eshell-command-to-value
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423 (eshell-parse-command command))) t)))
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424 (assert (eq (car result) 'quote))
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425 (if (and status-var (symbolp status-var))
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426 (set status-var eshell-last-command-status))
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427 (cadr result))))))
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428
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429 (eshell-deftest mode simple-command-result
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430 "`eshell-command-result' works with a simple command."
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431 (= (eshell-command-result "+ 1 2") 3))
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432
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433 ;;;_* Reporting bugs
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434 ;;
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435 ;; Since Eshell has not yet been in use by a wide audience, and since
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436 ;; the number of possible configurations is quite large, it is certain
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437 ;; that many bugs slipped past the rigors of testing it was put
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438 ;; through. If you do encounter a bug, on any system, please report
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439 ;; it -- in addition to any particular oddities in your configuration
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440 ;; -- so that the problem may be corrected for the benefit of others.
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441
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442 (defconst eshell-report-bug-address "johnw@gnu.org"
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443 "E-mail address to send Eshell bug reports to.")
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444
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445 ;;;###autoload
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446 (defun eshell-report-bug (topic)
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447 "Report a bug in Eshell.
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448 Prompts for the TOPIC. Leaves you in a mail buffer.
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449 Please include any configuration details that might be involved."
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450 (interactive "sBug Subject: ")
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451 (compose-mail eshell-report-bug-address topic)
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452 (goto-char (point-min))
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453 (re-search-forward (concat "^" (regexp-quote mail-header-separator) "$"))
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454 (forward-line 1)
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455 (let ((signature (buffer-substring (point) (point-max))))
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456 ;; Discourage users from writing non-English text.
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457 (set-buffer-multibyte nil)
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458 (delete-region (point) (point-max))
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459 (insert signature)
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460 (backward-char (length signature)))
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461 (insert "emacs-version: " (emacs-version))
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462 (insert "\n\nThere appears to be a bug in Eshell.\n\n"
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463 "Please describe exactly what actions "
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464 "triggered the bug and the precise\n"
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465 "symptoms of the bug:\n\n")
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466 ;; This is so the user has to type something in order to send
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467 ;; the report easily.
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468 (use-local-map (nconc (make-sparse-keymap) (current-local-map))))
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469
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470 ;;; Code:
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471
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472 (defun eshell-unload-all-modules ()
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473 "Unload all modules that were loaded by Eshell, if possible.
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474 If the user has require'd in any of the modules, or customized a
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475 variable with a :require tag (such as `eshell-prefer-to-shell'), it
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476 will be impossible to unload Eshell completely without restarting
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477 Emacs."
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478 ;; if the user set `eshell-prefer-to-shell' to t, but never loaded
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479 ;; Eshell, then `eshell-subgroups' will be unbound
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480 (when (fboundp 'eshell-subgroups)
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481 (eshell-for module (eshell-subgroups 'eshell)
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482 ;; this really only unloads as many modules as possible,
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483 ;; since other `require' references (such as by customizing
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484 ;; `eshell-prefer-to-shell' to a non-nil value) might make it
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485 ;; impossible to unload Eshell completely
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486 (if (featurep module)
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487 (ignore-errors
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488 (message "Unloading %s..." (symbol-name module))
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489 (unload-feature module)
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490 (message "Unloading %s...done" (symbol-name module)))))
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491 (message "Unloading eshell...done")))
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492
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493 (run-hooks 'eshell-load-hook)
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494
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495 ;;; eshell.el ends here