Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/tramp.texi @ 66424:86f81b226b02
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Tue, 25 Oct 2005 04:58:35 +0000 |
parents | 69b3598a61c5 |
children | 118ceefc8263 fa0da9b57058 |
rev | line source |
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45861 | 1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c %**start of header | |
45864 | 3 @setfilename ../info/tramp |
45861 | 4 @settitle TRAMP User Manual |
5 @setchapternewpage odd | |
6 @c %**end of header | |
7 | |
8 @c This is *so* much nicer :) | |
9 @footnotestyle end | |
10 | |
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11 @c In the Tramp CVS, the version number is auto-frobbed from |
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12 @c configure.ac, so you should edit that file and run |
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13 @c "autoconf && ./configure" to change the version number. |
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14 |
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15 @c Additionally, flags are set with respect to the Emacs flavor; and |
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16 @c depending whether Tramp is packaged into (X)Emacs, or standalone. |
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17 |
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18 @include trampver.texi |
45861 | 19 |
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20 @c Macros for formatting a filename. |
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21 @c trampfn is for a full filename, trampfnmhp means method, host, localname |
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22 @c were given, and so on. |
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23 @macro trampfn(method, user, host, localname) |
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24 @value{prefix}@value{method}@value{user}@@@value{host}@value{postfix}@value{localname} |
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25 @end macro |
45861 | 26 |
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27 @copying |
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28 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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29 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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30 |
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31 @quotation |
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32 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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33 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or |
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34 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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35 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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36 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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37 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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38 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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39 |
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40 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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41 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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42 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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43 |
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44 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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45 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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46 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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47 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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48 @end quotation |
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49 @end copying |
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50 |
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51 @c Entries for @command{install-info} to use |
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52 @dircategory @value{emacsname} |
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53 @direntry |
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54 * TRAMP: (tramp). Transparent Remote Access, Multiple Protocol |
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55 @value{emacsname} remote file access via rsh and rcp. |
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56 @end direntry |
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57 |
45861 | 58 @tex |
59 | |
60 @titlepage | |
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61 @title @value{tramp} version @value{trampver} User Manual |
45861 | 62 |
63 @author by Daniel Pittman | |
64 @author based on documentation by Kai Gro@ss{}johann | |
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65 |
45861 | 66 @page |
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67 @insertcopying |
45861 | 68 |
69 @end titlepage | |
70 @page | |
71 | |
72 @end tex | |
73 | |
74 @ifnottex | |
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75 @node Top, Overview, (dir), (dir) |
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76 @top @value{tramp} version @value{trampver} User Manual |
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77 |
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78 This file documents @value{tramp} version @value{trampver}, a remote file |
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79 editing package for @value{emacsname}. |
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80 |
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81 @value{tramp} stands for `Transparent Remote (file) Access, Multiple |
45861 | 82 Protocol'. This package provides remote file editing, similar to |
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83 @value{ftppackagename}. |
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84 |
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85 The difference is that @value{ftppackagename} uses FTP to transfer |
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86 files between the local and the remote host, whereas @value{tramp} uses a |
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87 combination of @command{rsh} and @command{rcp} or other work-alike |
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88 programs, such as @command{ssh}/@command{scp}. |
45861 | 89 |
90 You can find the latest version of this document on the web at | |
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91 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/tramp/}. |
45861 | 92 |
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93 @c Pointer to the other Emacs flavor is necessary only in case of |
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94 @c standalone installation. |
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95 @ifset installchapter |
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96 The manual has been generated for @value{emacsname}. |
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97 @ifinfo |
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98 If you want to read the info pages for @value{emacsothername}, you |
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99 should read in @ref{Installation} how to create them. |
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100 @end ifinfo |
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101 @ifhtml |
63636 | 102 If you're using the other Emacs flavor, you should read the |
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103 @uref{@value{emacsotherfilename}, @value{emacsothername}} pages. |
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104 @end ifhtml |
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105 @end ifset |
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106 |
45861 | 107 @ifhtml |
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108 @ifset jamanual |
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109 This manual is also available as a @uref{@value{japanesemanual}, |
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110 Japanese translation}. |
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111 @end ifset |
45861 | 112 |
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113 The latest release of @value{tramp} is available for |
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114 @uref{http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tramp/, download}, or you may see |
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115 @ref{Obtaining Tramp} for more details, including the CVS server |
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116 details. |
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117 |
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118 @value{tramp} also has a @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tramp/, |
45861 | 119 Savannah Project Page}. |
120 @end ifhtml | |
121 | |
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122 There is a mailing list for @value{tramp}, available at |
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123 @email{tramp-devel@@gnu.org}, and archived at |
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124 @uref{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/tramp-devel/, the |
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125 @value{tramp} Mail Archive}. |
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126 @ifhtml |
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127 Older archives are located at |
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128 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum=tramp-devel, |
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129 SourceForge Mail Archive} and |
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130 @uref{http://www.mail-archive.com/emacs-rcp@@ls6.cs.uni-dortmund.de/, |
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131 The Mail Archive}. |
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132 @c in HTML output, there's no new paragraph. |
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133 @*@* |
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134 @end ifhtml |
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136 @insertcopying |
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137 |
45861 | 138 @end ifnottex |
139 | |
140 @menu | |
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141 * Overview:: What @value{tramp} can and cannot do. |
45861 | 142 |
143 For the end user: | |
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144 |
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145 * Obtaining Tramp:: How to obtain @value{tramp}. |
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146 * History:: History of @value{tramp}. |
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147 @ifset installchapter |
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148 * Installation:: Installing @value{tramp} with your @value{emacsname}. |
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149 @end ifset |
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150 * Configuration:: Configuring @value{tramp} for use. |
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151 * Usage:: An overview of the operation of @value{tramp}. |
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152 * Bug Reports:: Reporting Bugs and Problems. |
45861 | 153 * Frequently Asked Questions:: Questions and answers from the mailing list. |
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154 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept. |
45861 | 155 |
156 For the developer: | |
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157 |
45861 | 158 * Version Control:: The inner workings of remote version control. |
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159 * Files directories and localnames:: How file names, directories and localnames are mangled and managed. |
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160 * Issues:: Debatable Issues and What Was Decided. |
45861 | 161 |
162 @detailmenu | |
163 --- The Detailed Node Listing --- | |
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164 @c |
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165 @ifset installchapter |
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166 Installing @value{tramp} with your @value{emacsname} |
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167 |
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168 * Installation parameters:: Parameters in order to control installation. |
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169 * Load paths:: How to plug-in @value{tramp} into your environment. |
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170 * Japanese manual:: Japanese manual. |
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171 |
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172 @end ifset |
45861 | 173 |
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174 Configuring @value{tramp} for use |
45861 | 175 |
176 * Connection types:: Types of connections made to remote machines. | |
177 * Inline methods:: Inline methods. | |
178 * External transfer methods:: External transfer methods. | |
179 * Multi-hop Methods:: Connecting to a remote host using multiple hops. | |
180 * Default Method:: Selecting a default method. | |
181 * Customizing Methods:: Using Non-Standard Methods. | |
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182 * Customizing Completion:: Selecting config files for user/host name completion. |
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183 * Password caching:: Reusing passwords for several connections. |
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184 * Remote Programs:: How @value{tramp} finds and uses programs on the remote machine. |
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185 * Remote shell setup:: Remote shell setup hints. |
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186 * Windows setup hints:: Issues with Cygwin ssh. |
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187 * Auto-save and Backup:: Auto-save and Backup. |
45861 | 188 |
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189 Using @value{tramp} |
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190 |
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191 * Filename Syntax:: @value{tramp} filename conventions. |
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192 * Multi-hop filename syntax:: Multi-hop filename conventions. |
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193 * Filename completion:: Filename completion. |
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194 * Dired:: Dired. |
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195 * Compilation:: Compile remote files. |
45861 | 196 |
197 The inner workings of remote version control | |
198 | |
199 * Version Controlled Files:: Determining if a file is under version control. | |
200 * Remote Commands:: Executing the version control commands on the remote machine. | |
201 * Changed workfiles:: Detecting if the working file has changed. | |
202 * Checking out files:: Bringing the workfile out of the repository. | |
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203 * Miscellaneous Version Control:: Things related to Version Control that don't fit elsewhere. |
45861 | 204 |
205 Things related to Version Control that don't fit elsewhere | |
206 | |
207 * Remote File Ownership:: How VC determines who owns a workfile. | |
208 * Back-end Versions:: How VC determines what release your RCS is. | |
209 | |
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210 How file names, directories and localnames are mangled and managed |
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211 |
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212 * Localname deconstruction:: Breaking a localname into its components. |
45861 | 213 |
214 @end detailmenu | |
215 @end menu | |
216 | |
217 @node Overview | |
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218 @chapter An overview of @value{tramp} |
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219 @cindex overview |
45861 | 220 |
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221 After the installation of @value{tramp} into your @value{emacsname}, |
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222 you will be able to access files on remote machines as though they |
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223 were local. Access to the remote file system for editing files, |
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224 version control, and @code{dired} are transparently enabled. |
45861 | 225 |
226 Your access to the remote machine can be with the @command{rsh}, | |
227 @command{rlogin}, @command{telnet} programs or with any similar | |
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228 connection method. This connection must pass @acronym{ASCII} |
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229 successfully to be usable but need not be 8-bit clean. |
45861 | 230 |
231 The package provides support for @command{ssh} connections out of the | |
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232 box, one of the more common uses of the package. This allows |
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233 relatively secure access to machines, especially if @command{ftp} |
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234 access is disabled. |
45861 | 235 |
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236 The majority of activity carried out by @value{tramp} requires only that |
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237 the remote login is possible and is carried out at the terminal. In |
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238 order to access remote files @value{tramp} needs to transfer their content |
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239 to the local machine temporarily. |
45861 | 240 |
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241 @value{tramp} can transfer files between the machines in a variety of ways. |
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242 The details are easy to select, depending on your needs and the |
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243 machines in question. |
45861 | 244 |
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245 The fastest transfer methods (for large files) rely on a remote file |
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246 transfer package such as @command{rcp}, @command{scp} or |
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247 @command{rsync}. |
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248 |
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249 If the remote copy methods are not suitable for you, @value{tramp} also |
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250 supports the use of encoded transfers directly through the shell. |
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251 This requires that the @command{mimencode} or @command{uuencode} tools |
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252 are available on the remote machine. These methods are generally |
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253 faster for small files. |
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255 Within these limitations, @value{tramp} is quite powerful. It is worth |
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256 noting that, as of the time of writing, it is far from a polished |
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257 end-user product. For a while yet you should expect to run into rough |
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258 edges and problems with the code now and then. |
45861 | 259 |
260 It is finished enough that the developers use it for day to day work but | |
261 the installation and setup can be a little difficult to master, as can | |
262 the terminology. | |
263 | |
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264 @value{tramp} is still under active development and any problems you encounter, |
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265 trivial or major, should be reported to the @value{tramp} developers. |
45861 | 266 @xref{Bug Reports}. |
267 | |
268 | |
269 @subsubheading Behind the scenes | |
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270 @cindex behind the scenes |
46366 | 271 @cindex details of operation |
272 @cindex how it works | |
45861 | 273 |
274 This section tries to explain what goes on behind the scenes when you | |
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275 access a remote file through @value{tramp}. |
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276 |
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277 Suppose you type @kbd{C-x C-f} and enter part of an @value{tramp} file name, |
45861 | 278 then hit @kbd{@key{TAB}} for completion. Suppose further that this is |
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279 the first time that @value{tramp} is invoked for the host in question. Here's |
45861 | 280 what happens: |
281 | |
282 @itemize | |
283 @item | |
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284 @value{tramp} discovers that it needs a connection to the host. So it |
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285 invokes @samp{telnet @var{host}} or @samp{rsh @var{host} -l |
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286 @var{user}} or a similar tool to connect to the remote host. |
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287 Communication with this process happens through an |
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288 @value{emacsname} buffer, that is, the output from the remote end |
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289 goes into a buffer. |
45861 | 290 |
291 @item | |
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292 The remote host may prompt for a login name (for @command{telnet}). |
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293 The login name is given in the file name, so @value{tramp} sends the |
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294 login name and a newline. |
45861 | 295 |
296 @item | |
297 The remote host may prompt for a password or pass phrase (for | |
298 @command{rsh} or for @command{telnet} after sending the login name). | |
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299 @value{tramp} displays the prompt in the minibuffer, asking you for the |
45861 | 300 password or pass phrase. |
301 | |
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302 You enter the password or pass phrase. @value{tramp} sends it to the remote |
45861 | 303 host, followed by a newline. |
304 | |
305 @item | |
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306 @value{tramp} now waits for the shell prompt or for a message that the login |
45861 | 307 failed. |
308 | |
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309 If @value{tramp} sees neither of them after a certain period of time (a minute, |
45861 | 310 say), then it issues an error message saying that it couldn't find the |
311 remote shell prompt and shows you what the remote host has sent. | |
312 | |
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313 If @value{tramp} sees a @samp{login failed} message, it tells you so, |
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314 aborts the login attempt and allows you to try again. |
45861 | 315 |
316 @item | |
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317 Suppose that the login was successful and @value{tramp} sees the shell prompt |
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318 from the remote host. Now @value{tramp} invokes @command{/bin/sh} because |
45861 | 319 Bourne shells and C shells have different command |
320 syntaxes.@footnote{Invoking @command{/bin/sh} will fail if your login | |
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321 shell doesn't recognize @samp{exec /bin/sh} as a valid command. |
45861 | 322 Maybe you use the Scheme shell @command{scsh}@dots{}} |
323 | |
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324 After the Bourne shell has come up, @value{tramp} sends a few commands to |
45861 | 325 ensure a good working environment. It turns off echoing, it sets the |
326 shell prompt, and a few other things. | |
327 | |
328 @item | |
329 Now the remote shell is up and it good working order. Remember, what | |
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330 was supposed to happen is that @value{tramp} tries to find out what files exist |
45861 | 331 on the remote host so that it can do filename completion. |
332 | |
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333 So, @value{tramp} basically issues @command{cd} and @command{ls} commands and |
45861 | 334 also sometimes @command{echo} with globbing. Another command that is |
335 often used is @command{test} to find out whether a file is writable or a | |
336 directory or the like. The output of each command is parsed for the | |
337 necessary operation. | |
338 | |
339 @item | |
340 Suppose you are finished with filename completion, have entered @kbd{C-x | |
341 C-f}, a full file name and hit @kbd{@key{RET}}. Now comes the time to | |
342 transfer the file contents from the remote host to the local host so | |
343 that you can edit them. | |
344 | |
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345 See above for an explanation of how @value{tramp} transfers the file contents. |
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346 |
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347 For inline transfers, @value{tramp} issues a command like @samp{mimencode -b |
45861 | 348 /path/to/remote/file}, waits until the output has accumulated in the |
349 buffer that's used for communication, then decodes that output to | |
350 produce the file contents. | |
351 | |
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352 For out-of-band transfers, @value{tramp} issues a command like the following: |
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353 @example |
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354 rcp user@@host:/path/to/remote/file /tmp/tramp.4711 |
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355 @end example |
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356 It then reads the local temporary file @file{/tmp/tramp.4711} into a |
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357 buffer and deletes the temporary file. |
45861 | 358 |
359 @item | |
360 You now edit the buffer contents, blithely unaware of what has happened | |
361 behind the scenes. (Unless you have read this section, that is.) When | |
362 you are finished, you type @kbd{C-x C-s} to save the buffer. | |
363 | |
364 @item | |
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365 Again, @value{tramp} transfers the file contents to the remote host either |
45861 | 366 inline or out-of-band. This is the reverse of what happens when reading |
367 the file. | |
368 @end itemize | |
369 | |
370 I hope this has provided you with a basic overview of what happens | |
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371 behind the scenes when you open a file with @value{tramp}. |
45861 | 372 |
373 | |
374 @c For the end user | |
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375 @node Obtaining Tramp |
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376 @chapter Obtaining Tramp. |
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377 @cindex obtaining Tramp |
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378 |
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379 @value{tramp} is freely available on the Internet and the latest |
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380 release may be downloaded from |
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381 @uref{http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tramp/}. This release includes the full |
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382 documentation and code for @value{tramp}, suitable for installation. |
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383 But GNU Emacs (22 or later) includes @value{tramp} already, and there |
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384 is a @value{tramp} package for XEmacs, as well. So maybe it is easier |
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385 to just use those. But if you want the bleeding edge, read |
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386 on@dots{...} |
45861 | 387 |
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388 For the especially brave, @value{tramp} is available from CVS. The CVS |
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389 version is the latest version of the code and may contain incomplete |
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390 features or new issues. Use these versions at your own risk. |
45861 | 391 |
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392 Instructions for obtaining the latest development version of @value{tramp} |
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393 from CVS can be found by going to the Savannah project page at the |
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394 following URL and then clicking on the CVS link in the navigation bar |
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395 at the top. |
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396 |
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397 @noindent |
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398 @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tramp/} |
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399 |
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400 @noindent |
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401 Or follow the example session below: |
45861 | 402 |
403 @example | |
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404 ] @strong{cd ~/@value{emacsdir}} |
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405 ] @strong{export CVS_RSH="ssh"} |
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406 ] @strong{cvs -z3 -d:ext:anoncvs@@savannah.gnu.org:/cvsroot/tramp co tramp} |
45861 | 407 @end example |
408 | |
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409 @noindent |
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410 You should now have a directory @file{~/@value{emacsdir}/tramp} |
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411 containing the latest version of @value{tramp}. You can fetch the latest |
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412 updates from the repository by issuing the command: |
45861 | 413 |
414 @example | |
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415 ] @strong{cd ~/@value{emacsdir}/tramp} |
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416 ] @strong{export CVS_RSH="ssh"} |
45861 | 417 ] @strong{cvs update -d} |
418 @end example | |
419 | |
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420 @noindent |
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421 Once you've got updated files from the CVS repository, you need to run |
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422 @command{autoconf} in order to get an up-to-date @file{configure} |
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423 script: |
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424 |
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425 @example |
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426 ] @strong{cd ~/@value{emacsdir}/tramp} |
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427 ] @strong{autoconf} |
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428 @end example |
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429 |
45861 | 430 |
431 @node History | |
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432 @chapter History of @value{tramp} |
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433 @cindex history |
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434 @cindex development history |
45861 | 435 |
436 Development was started end of November 1998. The package was called | |
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437 @file{rssh.el}, back then. It only provided one method to access a |
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438 file, using @command{ssh} to log in to a remote host and using |
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439 @command{scp} to transfer the file contents. After a while, the name |
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440 was changed to @file{rcp.el}, and now it's @value{tramp}. Along the way, |
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441 many more methods for getting a remote shell and for transferring the |
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442 file contents were added. Support for VC was added. |
45861 | 443 |
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444 The most recent addition of major features were the multi-hop methods |
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445 added in April 2000 and the unification of @value{tramp} and Ange-FTP |
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446 filenames in July 2002. |
45861 | 447 |
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448 @c Installation chapter is necessary only in case of standalone |
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449 @c installation. Text taken from trampinst.texi. |
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450 @ifset installchapter |
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451 @include trampinst.texi |
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452 @end ifset |
45861 | 453 |
454 @node Configuration | |
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455 @chapter Configuring @value{tramp} for use |
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456 @cindex configuration |
45861 | 457 |
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458 @cindex default configuration |
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459 @value{tramp} is (normally) fully functional when it is initially installed. |
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460 It is initially configured to use the @command{ssh} program to connect |
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461 to the remote host and to use base64 or uu encoding to transfer the |
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462 files through that shell connection. So in the easiest case, you just |
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463 type @kbd{C-x C-f} and then enter the filename |
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464 @file{@value{prefix}@var{user}@@@var{machine}@value{postfix}@var{/path/to.file}}. |
45861 | 465 |
466 On some hosts, there are problems with opening a connection. These are | |
467 related to the behavior of the remote shell. See @xref{Remote shell | |
468 setup}, for details on this. | |
469 | |
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470 If you do not wish to use these commands to connect to the remote |
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471 host, you should change the default connection and transfer method |
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472 that @value{tramp} uses. There are several different methods that @value{tramp} |
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473 can use to connect to remote machines and transfer files |
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474 (@pxref{Connection types}). |
45861 | 475 |
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476 If you don't know which method is right for you, see @xref{Default |
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477 Method}. |
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478 |
45861 | 479 |
480 @menu | |
481 * Connection types:: Types of connections made to remote machines. | |
482 * Inline methods:: Inline methods. | |
483 * External transfer methods:: External transfer methods. | |
484 * Multi-hop Methods:: Connecting to a remote host using multiple hops. | |
485 * Default Method:: Selecting a default method. | |
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486 Here we also try to help those who |
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487 don't have the foggiest which method |
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488 is right for them. |
45861 | 489 * Customizing Methods:: Using Non-Standard Methods. |
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490 * Customizing Completion:: Selecting config files for user/host name completion. |
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491 * Password caching:: Reusing passwords for several connections. |
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492 * Remote Programs:: How @value{tramp} finds and uses programs on the remote machine. |
45861 | 493 * Remote shell setup:: Remote shell setup hints. |
494 * Windows setup hints:: Issues with Cygwin ssh. | |
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495 * Auto-save and Backup:: Auto-save and Backup. |
45861 | 496 @end menu |
497 | |
498 | |
499 @node Connection types | |
500 @section Types of connections made to remote machines. | |
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501 @cindex connection types, overview |
45861 | 502 |
503 There are two basic types of transfer methods, each with its own | |
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504 advantages and limitations. Both types of connection make use of a |
45861 | 505 remote shell access program such as @command{rsh}, @command{ssh} or |
506 @command{telnet} to connect to the remote machine. | |
507 | |
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508 This connection is used to perform many of the operations that @value{tramp} |
45861 | 509 requires to make the remote file system transparently accessible from |
510 the local machine. It is only when visiting files that the methods | |
511 differ. | |
512 | |
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513 @cindex inline methods |
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514 @cindex external transfer methods |
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515 @cindex external methods |
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516 @cindex out-of-band methods |
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517 @cindex methods, inline |
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518 @cindex methods, external transfer |
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519 @cindex methods, out-of-band |
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520 Loading or saving a remote file requires that the content of the file |
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521 be transfered between the two machines. The content of the file can be |
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522 transfered over the same connection used to log in to the remote |
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523 machine or the file can be transfered through another connection using |
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524 a remote copy program such as @command{rcp}, @command{scp} or |
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525 @command{rsync}. The former are called @dfn{inline methods}, the |
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526 latter are called @dfn{out-of-band methods} or @dfn{external transfer |
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527 methods} (@dfn{external methods} for short). |
45861 | 528 |
529 The performance of the external transfer methods is generally better | |
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530 than that of the inline methods, at least for large files. This is |
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531 caused by the need to encode and decode the data when transferring |
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532 inline. |
45861 | 533 |
534 The one exception to this rule are the @command{scp} based transfer | |
535 methods. While these methods do see better performance when actually | |
536 transferring files, the overhead of the cryptographic negotiation at | |
537 startup may drown out the improvement in file transfer times. | |
538 | |
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539 External transfer methods should be configured such a way that they |
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540 don't require a password (with @command{ssh-agent}, or such alike). |
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541 If it isn't possible, you should consider @ref{Password caching}, |
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542 otherwise you will be prompted for a password every copy action. |
45861 | 543 |
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544 @cindex multi-hop methods |
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545 @cindex methods, multi-hop |
45861 | 546 A variant of the inline methods are the @dfn{multi-hop methods}. |
547 These methods allow you to connect a remote host using a number `hops', | |
548 each of which connects to a different host. This is useful if you are | |
549 in a secured network where you need to go through a bastion host to | |
550 connect to the outside world. | |
551 | |
552 | |
553 @node Inline methods | |
554 @section Inline methods | |
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555 @cindex inline methods |
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556 @cindex methods, inline |
45861 | 557 |
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558 The inline methods in @value{tramp} are quite powerful and can work in |
45861 | 559 situations where you cannot use an external transfer program to connect. |
560 Inline methods are the only methods that work when connecting to the | |
561 remote machine via telnet. (There are also strange inline methods which | |
562 allow you to transfer files between @emph{user identities} rather than | |
563 hosts, see below.) | |
564 | |
565 These methods depend on the existence of a suitable encoding and | |
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566 decoding command on remote machine. Locally, @value{tramp} may be able to |
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567 use features of @value{emacsname} to decode and encode the files or |
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568 it may require access to external commands to perform that task. |
45861 | 569 |
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570 @cindex uuencode |
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571 @cindex mimencode |
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572 @cindex base-64 encoding |
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573 @value{tramp} checks the availability and usability of commands like |
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574 @command{mimencode} (part of the @command{metamail} package) or |
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575 @command{uuencode} on the remote host. The first reliable command |
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576 will be used. The search path can be customized, see @ref{Remote |
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577 Programs}. |
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578 |
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579 If both commands aren't available on the remote host, @value{tramp} |
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580 transfers a small piece of Perl code to the remote host, and tries to |
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581 apply it for encoding and decoding. |
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582 |
45861 | 583 |
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584 @table @asis |
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585 @item @option{rsh} |
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586 @cindex method rsh |
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587 @cindex rsh method |
45861 | 588 |
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589 Connect to the remote host with @command{rsh}. Due to the unsecure |
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590 connection it is recommended for very local host topology only. |
45861 | 591 |
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592 On operating systems which provide the command @command{remsh} instead |
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593 of @command{rsh}, you can use the method @option{remsh}. This is true |
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594 for HP-UX or Cray UNICOS, for example. |
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595 |
45861 | 596 |
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597 @item @option{ssh} |
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598 @cindex method ssh |
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599 @cindex ssh method |
45861 | 600 |
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601 Connect to the remote host with @command{ssh}. This is identical to |
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602 the previous option except that the @command{ssh} package is used, |
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603 making the connection more secure. |
45861 | 604 |
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605 There are also two variants, @option{ssh1} and @option{ssh2}, that |
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606 call @samp{ssh -1} and @samp{ssh -2}, respectively. This way, you can |
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607 explicitly select whether you want to use the SSH protocol version 1 |
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608 or 2 to connect to the remote host. (You can also specify in |
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609 @file{~/.ssh/config}, the SSH configuration file, which protocol |
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610 should be used, and use the regular @option{ssh} method.) |
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611 |
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612 Two other variants, @option{ssh1_old} and @option{ssh2_old}, use the |
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613 @command{ssh1} and @command{ssh2} commands explicitly. If you don't |
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614 know what these are, you do not need these options. |
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616 All the methods based on @command{ssh} have an additional kludgy |
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617 feature: you can specify a host name which looks like @file{host#42} |
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618 (the real host name, then a hash sign, then a port number). This |
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619 means to connect to the given host but to also pass @code{-p 42} as |
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620 arguments to the @command{ssh} command. |
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621 |
45861 | 622 |
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623 @item @option{telnet} |
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624 @cindex method telnet |
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625 @cindex telnet method |
45861 | 626 |
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627 Connect to the remote host with @command{telnet}. This is as unsecure |
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628 as the @option{rsh} method. |
45861 | 629 |
630 | |
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631 @item @option{su} |
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632 @cindex method su |
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633 @cindex su method |
45861 | 634 |
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635 This method does not connect to a remote host at all, rather it uses |
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636 the @command{su} program to allow you to edit files as another user. |
45861 | 637 |
638 | |
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639 @item @option{sudo} |
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640 @cindex method sudo |
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641 @cindex sudo method |
45861 | 642 |
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643 This is similar to the @option{su} method, but it uses @command{sudo} |
45861 | 644 rather than @command{su} to become a different user. |
645 | |
646 Note that @command{sudo} must be configured to allow you to start a | |
647 shell as the user. It would be nice if it was sufficient if | |
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648 @command{ls} and @command{mimencode} were allowed, but that is not |
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649 easy to implement, so I haven't got around to it, yet. |
45861 | 650 |
651 | |
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652 @item @option{sshx} |
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653 @cindex method sshx |
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654 @cindex sshx method |
45861 | 655 |
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656 As you would expect, this is similar to @option{ssh}, only a little |
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657 different. Whereas @option{ssh} opens a normal interactive shell on |
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658 the remote host, this option uses @samp{ssh -t -t @var{host} -l |
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659 @var{user} /bin/sh} to open a connection. This is useful for users |
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660 where the normal login shell is set up to ask them a number of |
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661 questions when logging in. This procedure avoids these questions, and |
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662 just gives @value{tramp} a more-or-less `standard' login shell to work |
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663 with. |
45861 | 664 |
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665 Note that this procedure does not eliminate questions asked by |
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666 @command{ssh} itself. For example, @command{ssh} might ask ``Are you |
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667 sure you want to continue connecting?'' if the host key of the remote |
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668 host is not known. @value{tramp} does not know how to deal with such a |
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669 question (yet), therefore you will need to make sure that you can log |
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670 in without such questions. |
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671 |
45861 | 672 This is also useful for Windows users where @command{ssh}, when |
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673 invoked from an @value{emacsname} buffer, tells them that it is not |
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674 allocating a pseudo tty. When this happens, the login shell is wont |
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675 to not print any shell prompt, which confuses @value{tramp} mightily. |
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676 For reasons unknown, some Windows ports for @command{ssh} require the |
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677 doubled @samp{-t} option. |
45861 | 678 |
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679 This supports the @samp{-p} kludge. |
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680 |
45861 | 681 |
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682 @item @option{krlogin} |
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683 @cindex method krlogin |
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684 @cindex km krlogin |
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685 @cindex Kerberos (with krlogin method) |
45861 | 686 |
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687 This method is also similar to @option{ssh}. It only uses the |
45861 | 688 @command{krlogin -x} command to log in to the remote host. |
689 | |
690 | |
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691 @item @option{plink} |
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692 @cindex method plink |
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693 @cindex plink method |
45861 | 694 |
695 This method is mostly interesting for Windows users using the PuTTY | |
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696 implementation of SSH. It uses @samp{plink -ssh} to log in to the |
45861 | 697 remote host. |
698 | |
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699 Additionally, the method @option{plink1} is provided, which calls |
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700 @samp{plink -1 -ssh} in order to use SSH protocol version 1 |
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701 explicitely. |
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702 |
45861 | 703 CCC: Do we have to connect to the remote host once from the command |
704 line to accept the SSH key? Maybe this can be made automatic? | |
705 | |
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706 CCC: Does @command{plink} support the @samp{-p} option? @value{tramp} will |
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707 support that, anyway. |
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708 |
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709 @end table |
45861 | 710 |
711 | |
712 | |
713 @node External transfer methods | |
714 @section External transfer methods | |
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715 @cindex methods, external transfer |
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716 @cindex methods, out-of-band |
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717 @cindex external transfer methods |
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718 @cindex out-of-band methods |
45861 | 719 |
720 The external transfer methods operate through multiple channels, using | |
721 the remote shell connection for many actions while delegating file | |
722 transfers to an external transfer utility. | |
723 | |
724 This saves the overhead of encoding and decoding that multiplexing the | |
725 transfer through the one connection has with the inline methods. | |
726 | |
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727 If you want to use an external transfer method you should be able to |
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728 execute the transfer utility to copy files to and from the remote |
45861 | 729 machine without any interaction. |
730 | |
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731 @cindex ssh-agent |
45861 | 732 This means that you will need to use @command{ssh-agent} if you use the |
733 @command{scp} program for transfers, or maybe your version of | |
734 @command{scp} accepts a password on the command line.@footnote{PuTTY's | |
735 @command{pscp} allows you to specify the password on the command line.} | |
736 If you use @command{rsync} via @command{ssh} then the same rule must | |
737 apply to that connection. | |
738 | |
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739 If you cannot get an external method to run without asking for a |
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740 password you should consider @ref{Password caching}. |
45861 | 741 |
742 | |
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743 @table @asis |
45861 | 744 @item @option{rcp} --- @command{rsh} and @command{rcp} |
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745 @cindex method rcp |
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746 @cindex rcp method |
46366 | 747 @cindex rcp (with rcp method) |
748 @cindex rsh (with rcp method) | |
45861 | 749 |
750 This method uses the @command{rsh} and @command{rcp} commands to connect | |
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751 to the remote machine and transfer files. This is probably the fastest |
45861 | 752 connection method available. |
753 | |
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754 The alternative method @option{remcp} uses the @command{remsh} and |
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755 @command{rcp} commands. It should be applied on machines where |
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756 @command{remsh} is used instead of @command{rsh}. |
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757 |
45861 | 758 |
759 @item @option{scp} --- @command{ssh} and @command{scp} | |
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760 @cindex method scp |
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|
761 @cindex scp method |
46366 | 762 @cindex scp (with scp method) |
763 @cindex ssh (with scp method) | |
45861 | 764 |
765 Using @command{ssh} to connect to the remote host and @command{scp} to | |
766 transfer files between the machines is the best method for securely | |
767 connecting to a remote machine and accessing files. | |
768 | |
769 The performance of this option is also quite good. It may be slower than | |
770 the inline methods when you often open and close small files however. | |
771 The cost of the cryptographic handshake at the start of an @command{scp} | |
772 session can begin to absorb the advantage that the lack of encoding and | |
773 decoding presents. | |
774 | |
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775 There are also two variants, @option{scp1} and @option{scp2}, that |
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776 call @samp{ssh -1} and @samp{ssh -2}, respectively. This way, you can |
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777 explicitly select whether you want to use the SSH protocol version 1 |
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778 or 2 to connect to the remote host. (You can also specify in |
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779 @file{~/.ssh/config}, the SSH configuration file, which protocol |
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780 should be used, and use the regular @option{scp} method.) |
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781 |
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782 Two other variants, @option{scp1_old} and @option{scp2_old}, use the |
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783 @command{ssh1} and @command{ssh2} commands explicitly. If you don't |
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784 know what these are, you do not need these options. |
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785 |
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786 All the @command{ssh} based methods support the kludgy @samp{-p} |
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787 feature where you can specify a port number to connect to in the host |
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788 name. For example, the host name @file{host#42} tells @value{tramp} to |
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789 specify @samp{-p 42} in the argument list for @command{ssh}. |
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790 |
45861 | 791 |
792 @item @option{rsync} --- @command{ssh} and @command{rsync} | |
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793 @cindex method rsync |
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794 @cindex rsync method |
46366 | 795 @cindex rsync (with rsync method) |
796 @cindex ssh (with rsync method) | |
45861 | 797 |
798 Using the @command{ssh} command to connect securely to the remote | |
799 machine and the @command{rsync} command to transfer files is almost | |
800 identical to the @option{scp} method. | |
801 | |
802 While @command{rsync} performs much better than @command{scp} when | |
803 transferring files that exist on both hosts, this advantage is lost if | |
804 the file exists only on one side of the connection. | |
805 | |
806 The @command{rsync} based method may be considerably faster than the | |
807 @command{rcp} based methods when writing to the remote system. Reading | |
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808 files to the local machine is no faster than with a direct copy. |
45861 | 809 |
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810 This method supports the @samp{-p} hack. |
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811 |
45861 | 812 |
813 @item @option{scpx} --- @command{ssh} and @command{scp} | |
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814 @cindex method scpx |
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815 @cindex scpx method |
46366 | 816 @cindex scp (with scpx method) |
817 @cindex ssh (with scpx method) | |
45861 | 818 |
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819 As you would expect, this is similar to @option{scp}, only a little |
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820 different. Whereas @option{scp} opens a normal interactive shell on |
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821 the remote host, this option uses @samp{ssh -t -t @var{host} -l |
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822 @var{user} /bin/sh} to open a connection. This is useful for users |
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823 where the normal login shell is set up to ask them a number of |
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824 questions when logging in. This procedure avoids these questions, and |
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825 just gives @value{tramp} a more-or-less `standard' login shell to work |
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826 with. |
45861 | 827 |
828 This is also useful for Windows users where @command{ssh}, when | |
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829 invoked from an @value{emacsname} buffer, tells them that it is not |
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830 allocating a pseudo tty. When this happens, the login shell is wont |
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831 to not print any shell prompt, which confuses @value{tramp} mightily. |
45861 | 832 |
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833 This method supports the @samp{-p} hack. |
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834 |
45861 | 835 |
836 @item @option{pscp} --- @command{plink} and @command{pscp} | |
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837 @cindex method pscp |
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838 @cindex pscp method |
46366 | 839 @cindex pscp (with pscp method) |
840 @cindex plink (with pscp method) | |
841 @cindex PuTTY (with pscp method) | |
45861 | 842 |
843 This method is similar to @option{scp}, but it uses the | |
844 @command{plink} command to connect to the remote host, and it uses | |
845 @command{pscp} for transferring the files. These programs are part | |
846 of PuTTY, an SSH implementation for Windows. | |
847 | |
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848 CCC: Does @command{plink} support the @samp{-p} hack? |
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849 |
45861 | 850 |
851 @item @option{fcp} --- @command{fsh} and @command{fcp} | |
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852 @cindex method fcp |
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853 @cindex fcp method |
46366 | 854 @cindex fsh (with fcp method) |
855 @cindex fcp (with fcp method) | |
45861 | 856 |
857 This method is similar to @option{scp}, but it uses the @command{fsh} | |
858 command to connect to the remote host, and it uses @command{fcp} for | |
859 transferring the files. @command{fsh/fcp} are a front-end for | |
860 @command{ssh} which allow for reusing the same @command{ssh} session | |
861 for submitting several commands. This avoids the startup overhead of | |
862 @command{scp} (which has to establish a secure connection whenever it | |
863 is called). Note, however, that you can also use one of the inline | |
864 methods to achieve a similar effect. | |
865 | |
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866 This method uses the command @samp{fsh @var{host} -l @var{user} |
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867 /bin/sh -i} to establish the connection, it does not work to just say |
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868 @command{fsh @var{host} -l @var{user}}. |
45861 | 869 |
46366 | 870 @cindex method fsh |
871 @cindex fsh method | |
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872 |
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873 There is no inline method using @command{fsh} as the multiplexing |
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874 provided by the program is not very useful in our context. @value{tramp} |
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875 opens just one connection to the remote host and then keeps it open, |
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|
876 anyway. |
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877 |
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878 |
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879 @item @option{ftp} |
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880 @cindex method ftp |
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881 @cindex ftp method |
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882 |
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883 This is not a native @value{tramp} method. Instead of, it forwards all |
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884 requests to @value{ftppackagename}. |
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885 @ifset xemacs |
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886 This works only for unified filenames, see @ref{Issues}. |
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887 @end ifset |
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888 |
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889 |
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890 @item @option{smb} --- @command{smbclient} |
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891 @cindex method smb |
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892 @cindex smb method |
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893 |
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894 This is another not natural @value{tramp} method. It uses the |
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895 @command{smbclient} command on different Unices in order to connect to |
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896 an SMB server. An SMB server might be a Samba (or CIFS) server on |
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897 another UNIX host or, more interesting, a host running MS Windows. So |
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898 far, it is tested towards MS Windows NT, MS Windows 2000, and MS |
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899 Windows XP. |
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900 |
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901 The first directory in the localname must be a share name on the remote |
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902 host. Remember, that the @code{$} character in which default shares |
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903 usually end, must be written @code{$$} due to environment variable |
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904 substitution in file names. If no share name is given (i.e. remote |
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905 directory @code{/}), all available shares are listed. |
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906 |
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907 Since authorization is done on share level, you will be prompted |
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|
908 always for a password if you access another share on the same host. |
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909 This can be suppressed by @ref{Password caching}. |
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910 |
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911 MS Windows uses for authorization both a user name and a domain name. |
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912 Because of this, the @value{tramp} syntax has been extended: you can |
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913 specify a user name which looks like @code{user%domain} (the real user |
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914 name, then a percent sign, then the domain name). So, to connect to |
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915 the machine @code{melancholia} as user @code{daniel} of the domain |
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916 @code{BIZARRE}, and edit @file{.emacs} in the home directory (share |
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917 @code{daniel$}) I would specify the filename |
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918 @file{@value{prefix}smb@value{postfixsinglehop}daniel%BIZARRE@@melancholia@value{postfix}/daniel$$/.emacs}. |
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919 |
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920 The domain name as well as the user name are optional. If no user |
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921 name is specified at all, the anonymous user (without password |
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922 prompting) is assumed. This is different from all other @value{tramp} |
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923 methods, where in such a case the local user name is taken. |
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924 |
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925 The @option{smb} method supports the @samp{-p} hack. |
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|
926 |
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927 @strong{Please note:} If @value{emacsname} runs locally under MS |
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928 Windows, this method isn't available. Instead of, you can use UNC |
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929 file names like @file{//melancholia/daniel$$/.emacs}. The only |
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930 disadvantage is that there's no possibility to specify another user |
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931 name. |
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932 |
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933 @end table |
45861 | 934 |
935 @node Multi-hop Methods | |
936 @section Connecting to a remote host using multiple hops | |
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937 @cindex multi-hop methods |
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938 @cindex methods, multi-hop |
45861 | 939 |
940 Sometimes, the methods described before are not sufficient. Sometimes, | |
941 it is not possible to connect to a remote host using a simple command. | |
942 For example, if you are in a secured network, you might have to log in | |
943 to a `bastion host' first before you can connect to the outside world. | |
944 Of course, the target host may also require a bastion host. The format | |
945 of multi-hop filenames is slightly different than the format of normal | |
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946 @value{tramp} methods. |
45861 | 947 |
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948 @cindex method multi |
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949 @cindex multi method |
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950 A multi-hop file name specifies a method, a number of hops, and a |
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951 localname (path name on the remote system). The method name is always |
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952 @option{multi}. |
45861 | 953 |
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954 Each hop consists of a @dfn{hop method} specification, a user name and |
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955 a host name. The hop method can be an inline method only. The |
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956 following hop methods are (currently) available: |
45861 | 957 |
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958 @table @option |
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959 @item telnet |
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960 @cindex hop method telnet |
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961 @cindex telnet hop method |
45861 | 962 |
963 Uses the well-known @command{telnet} program to connect to the host. | |
964 Whereas user name and host name are supplied in the file name, the | |
965 user is queried for the password. | |
966 | |
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967 @item rsh |
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968 @cindex hop method rsh |
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969 @cindex rsh hop method |
45861 | 970 |
971 This uses @command{rsh} to connect to the host. You do not need to | |
972 enter a password unless @command{rsh} explicitly asks for it. | |
973 | |
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974 The variant @option{remsh} uses the @command{remsh} command. It |
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975 should be applied on machines where @command{remsh} is used instead of |
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976 @command{rsh}. |
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977 |
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978 @item ssh |
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979 @cindex hop method ssh |
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980 @cindex ssh hop method |
45861 | 981 |
982 This uses @command{ssh} to connect to the host. You might have to enter | |
983 a password or a pass phrase. | |
984 | |
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985 @item su |
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986 @cindex hop method su |
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987 @cindex su hop method |
45861 | 988 |
989 This method does not actually contact a different host, but it allows | |
990 you to become a different user on the host you're currently on. This | |
991 might be useful if you want to edit files as root, but the remote host | |
992 does not allow remote root logins. In this case you can use | |
993 @option{telnet}, @option{rsh} or @option{ssh} to connect to the | |
994 remote host as a non-root user, then use an @option{su} hop to become | |
995 root. But @option{su} need not be the last hop in a sequence, you could | |
996 also use it somewhere in the middle, if the need arises. | |
997 | |
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998 Even though you @emph{must} specify both user and host with an |
45861 | 999 @option{su} hop, the host name is ignored and only the user name is |
1000 used. | |
1001 | |
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1002 @item sudo |
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1003 @cindex hop method sudo |
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1004 @cindex sudo hop method |
45861 | 1005 |
1006 This is similar to the @option{su} hop, except that it uses | |
1007 @command{sudo} rather than @command{su} to become a different user. | |
1008 | |
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1009 @end table |
45861 | 1010 |
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1011 Some people might wish to use port forwarding with @command{ssh} or |
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1012 maybe they have to use a nonstandard port. This can be accomplished |
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1013 by putting a stanza in @file{~/.ssh/config} for the account which |
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1014 specifies a different port number for a certain host name. But it can |
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1015 also be accomplished within @value{tramp}, by adding a multi-hop method. |
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1016 For example: |
45861 | 1017 |
1018 @lisp | |
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1019 (add-to-list |
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1020 'tramp-multi-connection-function-alist |
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1021 '("sshf" tramp-multi-connect-rlogin "ssh %h -l %u -p 4400%n")) |
45861 | 1022 @end lisp |
1023 | |
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1024 Now you can use an @option{sshf} hop which connects to port 4400 instead of |
45861 | 1025 the standard port. |
1026 | |
1027 | |
1028 @node Default Method | |
1029 @section Selecting a default method | |
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1030 @cindex default method |
45861 | 1031 |
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1032 @vindex tramp-default-method |
45861 | 1033 When you select an appropriate transfer method for your typical usage |
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1034 you should set the variable @code{tramp-default-method} to reflect that |
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1035 choice. This variable controls which method will be used when a method |
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1036 is not specified in the @value{tramp} file name. For example: |
45861 | 1037 |
1038 @lisp | |
1039 (setq tramp-default-method "scp") | |
1040 @end lisp | |
1041 | |
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1042 @vindex tramp-default-method-alist |
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1043 You can also specify different methods for certain user/host |
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1044 combinations, via the variable @code{tramp-default-method-alist}. For |
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1045 example, the following two lines specify to use the @option{ssh} |
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1046 method for all user names matching @samp{john} and the @option{rsync} |
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1047 method for all host names matching @samp{lily}. The third line |
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1048 specifies to use the @option{su} method for the user @samp{root} on |
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1049 the machine @samp{localhost}. |
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1050 |
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1051 @lisp |
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1052 (add-to-list 'tramp-default-method-alist '("" "john" "ssh")) |
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1053 (add-to-list 'tramp-default-method-alist '("lily" "" "rsync")) |
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1054 (add-to-list 'tramp-default-method-alist |
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1055 '("\\`localhost\\'" "\\`root\\'" "su")) |
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1056 @end lisp |
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1057 |
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1058 @noindent |
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1059 See the documentation for the variable |
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1060 @code{tramp-default-method-alist} for more details. |
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1061 |
45861 | 1062 External transfer methods are normally preferable to inline transfer |
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1063 methods, giving better performance. |
45861 | 1064 |
1065 @xref{Inline methods}. | |
1066 @xref{External transfer methods}. | |
1067 @xref{Multi-hop Methods}. | |
1068 | |
1069 Another consideration with the selection of transfer methods is the | |
1070 environment you will use them in and, especially when used over the | |
1071 Internet, the security implications of your preferred method. | |
1072 | |
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1073 The @option{rsh} and @option{telnet} methods send your password as |
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1074 plain text as you log in to the remote machine, as well as |
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1075 transferring the files in such a way that the content can easily be |
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1076 read from other machines. |
45861 | 1077 |
1078 If you need to connect to remote systems that are accessible from the | |
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1079 Internet, you should give serious thought to using @option{ssh} based |
45861 | 1080 methods to connect. These provide a much higher level of security, |
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1081 making it a non-trivial exercise for someone to obtain your password |
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1082 or read the content of the files you are editing. |
45861 | 1083 |
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1084 |
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1085 @subsection Which method is the right one for me? |
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1086 @cindex choosing the right method |
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1087 |
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1088 Given all of the above, you are probably thinking that this is all fine |
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1089 and good, but it's not helping you to choose a method! Right you are. |
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1090 As a developer, we don't want to boss our users around but give them |
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1091 maximum freedom instead. However, the reality is that some users would |
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1092 like to have some guidance, so here I'll try to give you this guidance |
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1093 without bossing you around. You tell me whether it works @dots{} |
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1094 |
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1095 My suggestion is to use an inline method. For large files, out-of-band |
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1096 methods might be more efficient, but I guess that most people will want |
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1097 to edit mostly small files. |
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1098 |
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1099 I guess that these days, most people can access a remote machine by |
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1100 using @command{ssh}. So I suggest that you use the @option{ssh} |
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1101 method. So, type @kbd{C-x C-f |
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1102 @value{prefix}ssh@value{postfixsinglehop}root@@otherhost@value{postfix}/etc/motd |
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1103 @key{RET}} to edit the @file{/etc/motd} file on the other host. |
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1104 |
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1105 If you can't use @option{ssh} to log in to the remote host, then |
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1106 select a method that uses a program that works. For instance, Windows |
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1107 users might like the @option{plink} method which uses the PuTTY |
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1108 implementation of @command{ssh}. Or you use Kerberos and thus like |
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1109 @option{krlogin}. |
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1110 |
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1111 For the special case of editing files on the local host as another |
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1112 user, see the @option{su} or @option{sudo} methods. They offer |
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1113 shortened syntax for the @samp{root} account, like |
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1114 @file{@value{prefix}su@value{postfixsinglehop}@value{postfix}/etc/motd}. |
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1115 |
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1116 People who edit large files may want to consider @option{scp} instead |
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1117 of @option{ssh}, or @option{pscp} instead of @option{plink}. These |
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1118 out-of-band methods are faster than inline methods for large files. |
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1119 Note, however, that out-of-band methods suffer from some limitations. |
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1120 Please try first whether you really get a noticeable speed advantage |
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1121 from using an out-of-band method! Maybe even for large files, inline |
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1122 methods are fast enough. |
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1123 |
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1124 |
45861 | 1125 @node Customizing Methods |
1126 @section Using Non-Standard Methods | |
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1127 @cindex customizing methods |
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1128 @cindex using non-standard methods |
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1129 @cindex create your own methods |
45861 | 1130 |
1131 There is a variable @code{tramp-methods} which you can change if the | |
1132 predefined methods don't seem right. | |
1133 | |
1134 For the time being, I'll refer you to the Lisp documentation of that | |
1135 variable, accessible with @kbd{C-h v tramp-methods @key{RET}}. | |
1136 | |
1137 | |
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1138 @node Customizing Completion |
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1139 @section Selecting config files for user/host name completion |
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1140 @cindex customizing completion |
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1141 @cindex selecting config files |
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1142 @vindex tramp-completion-function-alist |
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1143 |
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1144 The variable @code{tramp-completion-function-alist} is intended to |
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1145 customize which files are taken into account for user and host name |
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1146 completion (@pxref{Filename completion}). For every method, it keeps |
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1147 a set of configuration files, accompanied by a Lisp function able to |
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1148 parse that file. Entries in @code{tramp-completion-function-alist} |
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1149 have the form (@var{method} @var{pair1} @var{pair2} ...). |
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1150 |
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1151 Each @var{pair} is composed of (@var{function} @var{file}). |
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1152 @var{function} is responsible to extract user names and host names |
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1153 from @var{file} for completion. There are two functions which access |
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1154 this variable: |
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1155 |
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1156 @defun tramp-get-completion-function method |
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1157 This function returns the list of completion functions for @var{method}. |
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1158 |
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1159 Example: |
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1160 @example |
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1161 (tramp-get-completion-function "rsh") |
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1162 |
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1163 @result{} ((tramp-parse-rhosts "/etc/hosts.equiv") |
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1164 (tramp-parse-rhosts "~/.rhosts")) |
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1165 @end example |
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1166 @end defun |
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1167 |
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1168 @defun tramp-set-completion-function method function-list |
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1169 This function sets @var{function-list} as list of completion functions |
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1170 for @var{method}. |
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1171 |
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1172 Example: |
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1173 @example |
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1174 (tramp-set-completion-function "ssh" |
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1175 '((tramp-parse-sconfig "/etc/ssh_config") |
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1176 (tramp-parse-sconfig "~/.ssh/config"))) |
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1177 |
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1178 @result{} ((tramp-parse-sconfig "/etc/ssh_config") |
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1179 (tramp-parse-sconfig "~/.ssh/config")) |
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1180 @end example |
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1181 @end defun |
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1182 |
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2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1183 The following predefined functions parsing configuration files exist: |
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|
1184 |
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|
1185 @table @asis |
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|
1186 @item @code{tramp-parse-rhosts} |
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1187 @findex tramp-parse-rhosts |
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|
1188 |
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|
1189 This function parses files which are syntactical equivalent to |
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|
1190 @file{~/.rhosts}. It returns both host names and user names, if |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1191 specified. |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1192 |
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|
1193 @item @code{tramp-parse-shosts} |
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|
1194 @findex tramp-parse-shosts |
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|
1195 |
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|
1196 This function parses files which are syntactical equivalent to |
49610
ffda74ab6dc4
2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1197 @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts}. Since there are no user names specified |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1198 in such files, it can return host names only. |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1199 |
49610
ffda74ab6dc4
2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1200 @item @code{tramp-parse-sconfig} |
ffda74ab6dc4
2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1201 @findex tramp-parse-shosts |
ffda74ab6dc4
2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
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parents:
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|
1202 |
51604
f57bfce0ddaf
Version 2.0.35 of Tramp released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1203 This function returns the host nicknames defined by @code{Host} entries |
49610
ffda74ab6dc4
2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
1204 in @file{~/.ssh/config} style files. |
ffda74ab6dc4
2003-02-05 Kai Gro?ohann <kai.grossjohann@uni-duisburg.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1205 |
54198
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|
1206 @item @code{tramp-parse-shostkeys} |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1207 @findex tramp-parse-shostkeys |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1208 |
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|
1209 SSH2 parsing of directories @file{/etc/ssh2/hostkeys/*} and |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1210 @file{~/ssh2/hostkeys/*}. Hosts are coded in file names |
63710
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(Customizing Completion, Auto-save and Backup): Texinfo usage fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1211 @file{hostkey_@var{portnumber}_@var{host-name}.pub}. User names |
d20f7349d704
(Customizing Completion, Auto-save and Backup): Texinfo usage fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1212 are always @code{nil}. |
54198
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1213 |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1214 @item @code{tramp-parse-sknownhosts} |
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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parents:
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|
1215 @findex tramp-parse-shostkeys |
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1216 |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1217 Another SSH2 style parsing of directories like |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1218 @file{/etc/ssh2/knownhosts/*} and @file{~/ssh2/knownhosts/*}. This |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1219 case, hosts names are coded in file names |
63710
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(Customizing Completion, Auto-save and Backup): Texinfo usage fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63669
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|
1220 @file{@var{host-name}.@var{algorithm}.pub}. User names are always @code{nil}. |
54198
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1221 |
47576
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parents:
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|
1222 @item @code{tramp-parse-hosts} |
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|
1223 @findex tramp-parse-hosts |
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|
1224 |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1225 A function dedicated to @file{/etc/hosts} style files. It returns |
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Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1226 host names only. |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1227 |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1228 @item @code{tramp-parse-passwd} |
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|
1229 @findex tramp-parse-passwd |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1230 |
47578
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
47577
diff
changeset
|
1231 A function which parses @file{/etc/passwd} like files. Obviously, it |
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
47577
diff
changeset
|
1232 can return user names only. |
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
47577
diff
changeset
|
1233 |
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
47577
diff
changeset
|
1234 @item @code{tramp-parse-netrc} |
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1235 @findex tramp-parse-netrc |
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
47577
diff
changeset
|
1236 |
6e910ba94c42
Version 2.0.22 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
47577
diff
changeset
|
1237 Finally, a function which parses @file{~/.netrc} like files. |
47576
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Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1238 @end table |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1239 |
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Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1240 If you want to keep your own data in a file, with your own structure, |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1241 you might provide such a function as well. This function must meet |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1242 the following conventions: |
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Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1243 |
b31c8ab7336a
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1244 @defun my-tramp-parse file |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1245 @var{file} must be either a file name on your host, or @code{nil}. The |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1246 function must return a list of (@var{user} @var{host}), which are |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1247 taken as candidates for user and host name completion. |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1248 |
b31c8ab7336a
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1249 Example: |
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Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1250 @example |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1251 (my-tramp-parse "~/.my-tramp-hosts") |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1252 |
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Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1253 @result{} ((nil "toto") ("daniel" "melancholia")) |
b31c8ab7336a
Sync with version 2.0.20. Lengthy ChangeLog follows:
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1254 @end example |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1255 @end defun |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1256 |
b31c8ab7336a
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1257 |
54198
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1258 @node Password caching |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1259 @section Reusing passwords for several connections. |
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1260 @cindex passwords |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1261 |
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
changeset
|
1262 Sometimes it is necessary to connect to the same remote host several |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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diff
changeset
|
1263 times. Reentering passwords again and again would be annoying, when |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1264 the choosen method does not support access without password prompt |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1265 throught own configuration. |
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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changeset
|
1266 |
55421
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
54203
diff
changeset
|
1267 By default, @value{tramp} caches the passwords entered by you. They will |
54198
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1268 be reused next time if a connection needs them for the same user name |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1269 and host name, independant of the connection method. |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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|
1270 |
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changeset
|
1271 @vindex password-cache-expiry |
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changeset
|
1272 Passwords are not saved permanently, that means the password caching |
55421
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
changeset
|
1273 is limited to the lifetime of your @value{emacsname} session. You |
54198
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changeset
|
1274 can influence the lifetime of password caching by customizing the |
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|
1275 variable @code{password-cache-expiry}. The value is the number of |
c1bfc266f10a
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changeset
|
1276 seconds how long passwords are cached. Setting it to @code{nil} |
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|
1277 disables the expiration. |
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|
1278 |
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changeset
|
1279 @findex tramp-clear-passwd |
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changeset
|
1280 A password is removed from the cache if a connection isn't established |
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changeset
|
1281 successfully. You can remove a password from the cache also by |
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changeset
|
1282 executing @kbd{M-x tramp-clear-passwd} in a buffer containing a |
c1bfc266f10a
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changeset
|
1283 related remote file or directory. |
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changeset
|
1284 |
c1bfc266f10a
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changeset
|
1285 @vindex password-cache |
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1286 If you don't like this feature for security reasons, password caching |
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1287 can be disabled totally by customizing the variable |
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1288 @code{password-cache} (setting it to @code{nil}). |
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1289 |
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1290 Implementation Note: password caching is based on the package |
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1291 password.el in No Gnus. For the time being, it is activated only when |
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1292 this package is seen in the @code{load-path} while loading @value{tramp}. |
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1293 @ifset installchapter |
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1294 If you don't use No Gnus, you can take password.el from the @value{tramp} |
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1295 @file{contrib} directory, see @ref{Installation parameters}. |
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1296 @end ifset |
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1297 It will be activated mandatory once No Gnus has found its way into |
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1298 @value{emacsname}. |
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1299 |
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1300 |
45861 | 1301 @node Remote Programs |
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1302 @section How @value{tramp} finds and uses programs on the remote machine. |
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1303 |
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1304 @value{tramp} depends on a number of programs on the remote host in order to |
45861 | 1305 function, including @command{ls}, @command{test}, @command{find} and |
1306 @command{cat}. | |
1307 | |
1308 In addition to these required tools, there are various tools that may be | |
1309 required based on the connection method. See @ref{Inline methods} and | |
1310 @ref{External transfer methods} for details on these. | |
1311 | |
1312 Certain other tools, such as @command{perl} (or @command{perl5}) and | |
1313 @command{grep} will be used if they can be found. When they are | |
1314 available, they are used to improve the performance and accuracy of | |
1315 remote file access. | |
1316 | |
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1317 @vindex tramp-remote-path |
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1318 When @value{tramp} connects to the remote machine, it searches for the |
45861 | 1319 programs that it can use. The variable @var{tramp-remote-path} controls |
1320 the directories searched on the remote machine. | |
1321 | |
1322 By default, this is set to a reasonable set of defaults for most | |
1323 machines. It is possible, however, that your local (or remote ;) system | |
1324 administrator has put the tools you want in some obscure local | |
1325 directory. | |
1326 | |
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1327 In this case, you can still use them with @value{tramp}. You simply need to |
45861 | 1328 add code to your @file{.emacs} to add the directory to the remote path. |
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1329 This will then be searched by @value{tramp} when you connect and the software |
45861 | 1330 found. |
1331 | |
1332 To add a directory to the remote search path, you could use code such | |
1333 as: | |
1334 | |
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1335 @lisp |
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1336 @i{;; We load @value{tramp} to define the variable.} |
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1337 (require 'tramp) |
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1338 @i{;; We have @command{perl} in "/usr/local/perl/bin"} |
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1339 (add-to-list 'tramp-remote-path "/usr/local/perl/bin") |
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1340 @end lisp |
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1341 |
45861 | 1342 |
1343 @node Remote shell setup | |
1344 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1345 @section Remote shell setup hints | |
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1346 @cindex remote shell setup |
46366 | 1347 @cindex @file{.profile} file |
1348 @cindex @file{.login} file | |
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1349 @cindex shell init files |
45861 | 1350 |
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1351 As explained in the @ref{Overview} section, @value{tramp} connects to the |
45861 | 1352 remote host and talks to the shell it finds there. Of course, when you |
1353 log in, the shell executes its init files. Suppose your init file | |
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1354 requires you to enter the birth date of your mother; clearly @value{tramp} |
45861 | 1355 does not know this and hence fails to log you in to that host. |
1356 | |
1357 There are different possible strategies for pursuing this problem. One | |
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1358 strategy is to enable @value{tramp} to deal with all possible situations. |
45861 | 1359 This is a losing battle, since it is not possible to deal with |
1360 @emph{all} situations. The other strategy is to require you to set up | |
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1361 the remote host such that it behaves like @value{tramp} expects. This might |
45861 | 1362 be inconvenient because you have to invest a lot of effort into shell |
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1363 setup before you can begin to use @value{tramp}. |
45861 | 1364 |
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1365 The package, therefore, pursues a combined approach. It tries to |
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1366 figure out some of the more common setups, and only requires you to |
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1367 avoid really exotic stuff. For example, it looks through a list of |
45861 | 1368 directories to find some programs on the remote host. And also, it |
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1369 knows that it is not obvious how to check whether a file exists, and |
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1370 therefore it tries different possibilities. (On some hosts and |
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1371 shells, the command @command{test -e} does the trick, on some hosts |
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1372 the shell builtin doesn't work but the program @command{/usr/bin/test |
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1373 -e} or @command{/bin/test -e} works. And on still other hosts, |
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1374 @command{ls -d} is the right way to do this.) |
45861 | 1375 |
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1376 Below you find a discussion of a few things that @value{tramp} does not deal |
45861 | 1377 with, and that you therefore have to set up correctly. |
1378 | |
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1379 @table @asis |
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1380 @item @var{shell-prompt-pattern} |
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1381 @vindex shell-prompt-pattern |
45861 | 1382 |
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1383 After logging in to the remote host, @value{tramp} has to wait for the remote |
45861 | 1384 shell startup to finish before it can send commands to the remote |
1385 shell. The strategy here is to wait for the shell prompt. In order to | |
1386 recognize the shell prompt, the variable @code{shell-prompt-pattern} has | |
1387 to be set correctly to recognize the shell prompt on the remote host. | |
1388 | |
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1389 Note that @value{tramp} requires the match for @code{shell-prompt-pattern} |
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1390 to be at the end of the buffer. Many people have something like the |
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1391 following as the value for the variable: @code{"^[^>$][>$] *"}. Now |
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1392 suppose your shell prompt is @code{a <b> c $ }. In this case, |
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1393 @value{tramp} recognizes the @code{>} character as the end of the prompt, |
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1394 but it is not at the end of the buffer. |
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|
1395 |
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1396 @item @var{tramp-shell-prompt-pattern} |
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1397 @vindex tramp-shell-prompt-pattern |
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1398 |
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1399 This regular expression is used by @value{tramp} in the same way as |
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1400 @code{shell-prompt-pattern}, to match prompts from the remote shell. |
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1401 This second variable exists because the prompt from the remote shell |
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1402 might be different from the prompt from a local shell --- after all, |
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1403 the whole point of @value{tramp} is to log in to remote hosts as a |
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1404 different user. The default value of |
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1405 @code{tramp-shell-prompt-pattern} is the same as the default value of |
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1406 @code{shell-prompt-pattern}, which is reported to work well in many |
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1407 circumstances. |
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1408 |
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1409 @item @command{tset} and other questions |
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1410 @cindex Unix command tset |
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1411 @cindex tset Unix command |
45861 | 1412 |
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1413 Some people invoke the @command{tset} program from their shell startup |
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1414 scripts which asks the user about the terminal type of the shell. |
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1415 Maybe some shells ask other questions when they are started. @value{tramp} |
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1416 does not know how to answer these questions. There are two approaches |
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1417 for dealing with this problem. One approach is to take care that the |
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1418 shell does not ask any questions when invoked from @value{tramp}. You can |
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1419 do this by checking the @code{TERM} environment variable, it will be |
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1420 set to @code{dumb} when connecting. |
45861 | 1421 |
1422 @vindex tramp-terminal-type | |
1423 The variable @code{tramp-terminal-type} can be used to change this value | |
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1424 to @code{dumb}. |
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1425 |
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1426 The other approach is to teach @value{tramp} about these questions. See |
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1427 the variables @code{tramp-actions-before-shell} and |
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1428 @code{tramp-multi-actions} (for multi-hop connections). |
45861 | 1429 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1430 |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1431 @item Environment variables named like users in @file{.profile} |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1432 |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1433 If you have a user named frumple and set the variable @code{FRUMPLE} in |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1434 your shell environment, then this might cause trouble. Maybe rename |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1435 the variable to @code{FRUMPLE_DIR} or the like. |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1436 |
55421
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parents:
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|
1437 This weird effect was actually reported by a @value{tramp} user! |
53207
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1438 |
83d9437acbf3
2003-11-30 Kai Grossjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1439 |
51967
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1440 @item Non-Bourne commands in @file{.profile} |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
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parents:
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|
1441 |
55421
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1442 After logging in to the remote host, @value{tramp} issues the command |
64772
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1443 @command{exec /bin/sh}. (Actually, the command is slightly |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1444 different.) When @command{/bin/sh} is executed, it reads some init |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1445 files, such as @file{~/.shrc} or @file{~/.profile}. |
51967
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1446 |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1447 Now, some people have a login shell which is not @code{/bin/sh} but a |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1448 Bourne-ish shell such as bash or ksh. Some of these people might put |
64772
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1449 their shell setup into the files @file{~/.shrc} or @file{~/.profile}. |
51967
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1450 This way, it is possible for non-Bourne constructs to end up in those |
64772
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1451 files. Then, @command{exec /bin/sh} might cause the Bourne shell to |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1452 barf on those constructs. |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1453 |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1454 As an example, imagine somebody putting @command{export FOO=bar} into |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1455 the file @file{~/.profile}. The standard Bourne shell does not |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1456 understand this syntax and will emit a syntax error when it reaches |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1457 this line. |
51967
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1458 |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1459 Another example is the tilde (@code{~}) character, say when adding |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1460 @file{~/bin} to @code{$PATH}. Many Bourne shells will not expand this |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1461 character, and since there is usually no directory whose name consists |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
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|
1462 of the single character tilde, strange things will happen. |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1463 |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1464 What can you do about this? |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1465 |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1466 Well, one possibility is to make sure that everything in @file{~/.shrc} |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1467 and @file{~/.profile} on all remote hosts is Bourne-compatible. In the |
64772
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1468 above example, instead of @command{export FOO=bar}, you might use |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1469 @command{FOO=bar; export FOO} instead. |
51967
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1470 |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1471 The other possibility is to put your non-Bourne shell setup into some |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
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|
1472 other files. For example, bash reads the file @file{~/.bash_profile} |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1473 instead of @file{~/.profile}, if the former exists. So bash |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1474 aficionados just rename their @file{~/.profile} to |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1475 @file{~/.bash_profile} on all remote hosts, and Bob's your uncle. |
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
51604
diff
changeset
|
1476 |
64772
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Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1477 The @value{tramp} developers would like to circumvent this problem, so |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1478 if you have an idea about it, please tell us. However, we are afraid |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1479 it is not that simple: before saying @command{exec /bin/sh}, |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
63710
diff
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|
1480 @value{tramp} does not know which kind of shell it might be talking |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
63710
diff
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|
1481 to. It could be a Bourne-ish shell like ksh or bash, or it could be a |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
63710
diff
changeset
|
1482 csh derivative like tcsh, or it could be zsh, or even rc. If the |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1483 shell is Bourne-ish already, then it might be prudent to omit the |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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diff
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|
1484 @command{exec /bin/sh} step. But how to find out if the shell is |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
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|
1485 Bourne-ish? |
51967
2693b0669cc1
Tramp 2.0.36 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1486 |
46361
a3acca116f2f
Comply with Texinfo coding standards. Suggestions by Eli.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
46348
diff
changeset
|
1487 @end table |
45861 | 1488 |
1489 | |
50338
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1490 @node Auto-save and Backup |
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1491 @section Auto-save and Backup configuration |
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1492 @cindex auto-save |
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1493 @cindex backup |
55421
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1494 @ifset emacs |
50338
155b4b78aa3b
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1495 @vindex backup-directory-alist |
55421
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1496 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1497 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1498 @vindex bkup-backup-directory-info |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1499 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1500 |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1501 Normally, @value{emacsname} writes backup files to the same directory |
54198
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
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|
1502 as the original files, but this behavior can be changed via the |
55421
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1503 variable |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1504 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1505 @code{backup-directory-alist}. |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1506 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
changeset
|
1507 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
changeset
|
1508 @code{bkup-backup-directory-info}. |
5be9c6254f06
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1509 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1510 In connection with @value{tramp}, this can have unexpected side effects. |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1511 Suppose that you specify that all backups should go to the directory |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1512 @file{~/.emacs.d/backups/}, and then you edit the file |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
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|
1513 @file{@value{prefix}su@value{postfixsinglehop}root@@localhost@value{postfix}/etc/secretfile}. |
54198
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parents:
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|
1514 The effect is that the backup file will be owned by you and not by |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1515 root, thus possibly enabling others to see it even if they were not |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1516 intended to see it. |
50338
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|
1517 |
55421
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|
1518 When |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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changeset
|
1519 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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diff
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|
1520 @code{backup-directory-alist} |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1521 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1522 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1523 @code{bkup-backup-directory-info} |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1524 @end ifset |
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d20f7349d704
(Customizing Completion, Auto-save and Backup): Texinfo usage fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1525 is @code{nil} (the default), such problems do not occur. |
55421
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2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1526 |
5be9c6254f06
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diff
changeset
|
1527 Therefore, it is usefull to set special values for @value{tramp} |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1528 files. For example, the following statement effectively `turns off' |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1529 the effect of |
5be9c6254f06
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changeset
|
1530 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1531 @code{backup-directory-alist} |
5be9c6254f06
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changeset
|
1532 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1533 @ifset xemacs |
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|
1534 @code{bkup-backup-directory-info} |
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2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1535 @end ifset |
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|
1536 for @value{tramp} files: |
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|
1537 |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1538 @ifset emacs |
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* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
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|
1539 @lisp |
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1540 (add-to-list 'backup-directory-alist |
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
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|
1541 (cons tramp-file-name-regexp nil)) |
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
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|
1542 @end lisp |
55421
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|
1543 @end ifset |
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|
1544 @ifset xemacs |
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|
1545 @lisp |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1546 (require 'backup-dir) |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1547 (add-to-list 'bkup-backup-directory-info |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1548 (list tramp-file-name-regexp "")) |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1549 @end lisp |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1550 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1551 |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1552 Another possibility is to use the @value{tramp} variable |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1553 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1554 @code{tramp-backup-directory-alist}. |
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|
1555 @end ifset |
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|
1556 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1557 @code{tramp-bkup-backup-directory-info}. |
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|
1558 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1559 This variable has the same meaning like |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1560 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1561 @code{backup-directory-alist}. |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1562 @end ifset |
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2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1563 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1564 @code{bkup-backup-directory-info}. |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1565 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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diff
changeset
|
1566 If a @value{tramp} file is backed up, and DIRECTORY is an absolute |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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diff
changeset
|
1567 local file name, DIRECTORY is prepended with the @value{tramp} file |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1568 name prefix of the file to be backed up. |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1569 |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1570 @noindent |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1571 Example: |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1572 |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1573 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1574 @lisp |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1575 (add-to-list 'backup-directory-alist |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1576 (cons "." "~/.emacs.d/backups/")) |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1577 (setq tramp-backup-directory-alist backup-directory-alist) |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1578 @end lisp |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1579 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1580 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1581 @lisp |
5be9c6254f06
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1582 (require 'backup-dir) |
5be9c6254f06
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parents:
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changeset
|
1583 (add-to-list 'bkup-backup-directory-info |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1584 (list "." "~/.emacs.d/backups/" 'full-path)) |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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|
1585 (setq tramp-bkup-backup-directory-info bkup-backup-directory-info) |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1586 @end lisp |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1587 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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|
1588 |
5be9c6254f06
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Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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|
1589 @noindent |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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changeset
|
1590 The backup file name of |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1591 @file{@value{prefix}su@value{postfixsinglehop}root@@localhost@value{postfix}/etc/secretfile} |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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changeset
|
1592 would be |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1593 @ifset emacs |
5be9c6254f06
2004-05-07 Kai Grossjohann <kai@emptydomain.de>
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diff
changeset
|
1594 @file{@value{prefix}su@value{postfixsinglehop}root@@localhost@value{postfix}~/.emacs.d/backups/!su:root@@localhost:!etc!secretfile~} |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1595 @end ifset |
5be9c6254f06
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changeset
|
1596 @ifset xemacs |
5be9c6254f06
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changeset
|
1597 @file{@value{prefix}su@value{postfixsinglehop}root@@localhost@value{postfix}~/.emacs.d/backups/![su!root@@localhost]!etc!secretfile~} |
5be9c6254f06
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changeset
|
1598 @end ifset |
50338
155b4b78aa3b
* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
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parents:
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|
1599 |
54198
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1600 The same problem can happen with auto-saving files. |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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changeset
|
1601 @ifset emacs |
55421
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|
1602 Since @value{emacsname} 21, the variable |
54198
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1603 @code{auto-save-file-name-transforms} keeps information, on which |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1604 directory an auto-saved file should go. By default, it is initialized |
55421
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|
1605 for @value{tramp} files to the local temporary directory. |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1606 |
5be9c6254f06
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|
1607 On some versions of @value{emacsname}, namely the version built for |
60763
3ba8f94e9cfa
Sync with Tramp 2.0.48.
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
59996
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changeset
|
1608 Debian GNU/Linux, the variable @code{auto-save-file-name-transforms} |
55421
5be9c6254f06
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|
1609 contains the directory where @value{emacsname} was built. A |
54198
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1610 workaround is to manually set the variable to a sane value. |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
1611 |
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|
1612 If auto-saved files should go into the same directory as the original |
63669
2fd498512c5d
(Customizing Completion, Auto-save and Backup): Texinfo usage fix.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
1613 files, @code{auto-save-file-name-transforms} should be set to @code{nil}. |
54198
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|
1614 |
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|
1615 Another possibility is to set the variable |
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parents:
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|
1616 @code{tramp-auto-save-directory} to a proper value. |
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|
1617 @end ifset |
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|
1618 @ifset xemacs |
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|
1619 For this purpose you can set the variable @code{auto-save-directory} |
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|
1620 to a proper value. |
54198
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|
1621 @end ifset |
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|
1622 |
50338
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* tramp.el: Version 2.0.31 released.
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|
1623 |
45861 | 1624 @node Windows setup hints |
1625 @section Issues with Cygwin ssh | |
46366 | 1626 @cindex Cygwin, issues |
45861 | 1627 |
1628 This section needs a lot of work! Please help. | |
1629 | |
48974
d29e4e3d4f5d
(External transfer methods): New method `smb'. From
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diff
changeset
|
1630 @cindex method sshx with Cygwin |
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changeset
|
1631 @cindex sshx method with Cygwin |
64772
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1632 The recent Cygwin installation of @command{ssh} works only with a |
060177e931f8
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1633 Cygwinized @value{emacsname}. You can check it by typing @kbd{M-x |
060177e931f8
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parents:
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changeset
|
1634 eshell}, and starting @kbd{ssh test.machine}. The problem is evident |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1635 if you see a message like this: |
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parents:
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|
1636 |
060177e931f8
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diff
changeset
|
1637 @example |
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1638 Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal. |
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1639 @end example |
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|
1640 |
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|
1641 Older @command{ssh} versions of Cygwin are told to cooperate with |
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|
1642 @value{tramp} selecting @option{sshx} as the connection method. You |
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|
1643 can find information about setting up Cygwin in their FAQ at |
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1644 @uref{http://cygwin.com/faq/}. |
45861 | 1645 |
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1646 @cindex method scpx with Cygwin |
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|
1647 @cindex scpx method with Cygwin |
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1648 If you wish to use the @option{scpx} connection method, then you might |
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1649 have the problem that @value{emacsname} calls @command{scp} with a |
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|
1650 Windows filename such as @code{c:/foo}. The Cygwin version of |
64772
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|
1651 @command{scp} does not know about Windows filenames and interprets this |
54198
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1652 as a remote filename on the host @code{c}. |
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|
1653 |
64772
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1654 One possible workaround is to write a wrapper script for @option{scp} |
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|
1655 which converts the Windows filename to a Cygwinized filename. |
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1656 |
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1657 @cindex Cygwin and ssh-agent |
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|
1658 @cindex SSH_AUTH_SOCK and @value{emacsname} on Windows |
64772
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|
1659 If you want to use either @option{ssh} based method on Windows, then |
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|
1660 you might encounter problems with @command{ssh-agent}. Using this |
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|
1661 program, you can avoid typing the pass-phrase every time you log in. |
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1662 However, if you start @value{emacsname} from a desktop shortcut, then |
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|
1663 the environment variable @code{SSH_AUTH_SOCK} is not set and so |
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|
1664 @value{emacsname} and thus @value{tramp} and thus @command{ssh} and |
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|
1665 @command{scp} started from @value{tramp} cannot communicate with |
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|
1666 @command{ssh-agent}. It works better to start @value{emacsname} from |
54198
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1667 the shell. |
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1668 |
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1669 If anyone knows how to start @command{ssh-agent} under Windows in such a |
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|
1670 way that desktop shortcuts can profit, please holler. I don't really |
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|
1671 know anything at all about Windows@dots{} |
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|
1672 |
45861 | 1673 |
1674 @node Usage | |
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|
1675 @chapter Using @value{tramp} |
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|
1676 @cindex using @value{tramp} |
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|
1677 |
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|
1678 Once you have installed @value{tramp} it will operate fairly transparently. You |
45861 | 1679 will be able to access files on any remote machine that you can log in |
1680 to as though they were local. | |
1681 | |
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|
1682 Files are specified to @value{tramp} using a formalized syntax specifying the |
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|
1683 details of the system to connect to. This is similar to the syntax used |
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|
1684 by the @value{ftppackagename} package. |
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|
1685 |
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|
1686 @cindex type-ahead |
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|
1687 Something that might happen which surprises you is that |
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|
1688 @value{emacsname} remembers all your keystrokes, so if you see a |
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|
1689 password prompt from @value{emacsname}, say, and hit @kbd{@key{RET}} |
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|
1690 twice instead of once, then the second keystroke will be processed by |
55421
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|
1691 @value{emacsname} after @value{tramp} has done its thing. Why, this |
54198
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|
1692 type-ahead is normal behavior, you say. Right you are, but be aware |
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|
1693 that opening a remote file might take quite a while, maybe half a |
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|
1694 minute when a connection needs to be opened. Maybe after half a |
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|
1695 minute you have already forgotten that you hit that key! |
45861 | 1696 |
1697 @menu | |
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|
1698 * Filename Syntax:: @value{tramp} filename conventions. |
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|
1699 * Multi-hop filename syntax:: Multi-hop filename conventions. |
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|
1700 * Filename completion:: Filename completion. |
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|
1701 * Dired:: Dired. |
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|
1702 * Compilation:: Compile remote files. |
45861 | 1703 @end menu |
1704 | |
1705 | |
1706 @node Filename Syntax | |
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|
1707 @section @value{tramp} filename conventions |
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|
1708 @cindex filename syntax |
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|
1709 @cindex filename examples |
45861 | 1710 |
49996
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|
1711 To access the file @var{localname} on the remote machine @var{machine} you |
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|
1712 would specify the filename |
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|
1713 @file{@value{prefix}@var{machine}@value{postfix}@var{localname}}. |
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|
1714 This will connect to @var{machine} and transfer the file using the |
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|
1715 default method. @xref{Default Method}. |
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|
1716 |
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|
1717 Some examples of @value{tramp} filenames are shown below. |
45861 | 1718 |
1719 @table @file | |
55421
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|
1720 @item @value{prefix}melancholia@value{postfix}.emacs |
45861 | 1721 Edit the file @file{.emacs} in your home directory on the machine |
1722 @code{melancholia}. | |
1723 | |
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|
1724 @item @value{prefix}melancholia.danann.net@value{postfix}.emacs |
45861 | 1725 This edits the same file, using the fully qualified domain name of |
1726 the machine. | |
1727 | |
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|
1728 @item @value{prefix}melancholia@value{postfix}~/.emacs |
45861 | 1729 This also edits the same file --- the @file{~} is expanded to your |
1730 home directory on the remote machine, just like it is locally. | |
1731 | |
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|
1732 @item @value{prefix}melancholia@value{postfix}~daniel/.emacs |
45861 | 1733 This edits the file @file{.emacs} in the home directory of the user |
1734 @code{daniel} on the machine @code{melancholia}. The @file{~<user>} | |
1735 construct is expanded to the home directory of that user on the remote | |
1736 machine. | |
1737 | |
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|
1738 @item @value{prefix}melancholia@value{postfix}/etc/squid.conf |
45861 | 1739 This edits the file @file{/etc/squid.conf} on the machine |
1740 @code{melancholia}. | |
1741 | |
1742 @end table | |
1743 | |
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|
1744 Unless you specify a different name to use, @value{tramp} will use the |
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|
1745 current local user name as the remote user name to log in with. If you |
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|
1746 need to log in as a different user, you can specify the user name as |
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|
1747 part of the filename. |
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|
1748 |
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|
1749 To log in to the remote machine as a specific user, you use the syntax |
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|
1750 @file{@value{prefix}@var{user}@@@var{machine}@value{postfix}/@var{path/to.file}}. |
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|
1751 That means that connecting to @code{melancholia} as @code{daniel} and |
46348 | 1752 editing @file{.emacs} in your home directory you would specify |
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|
1753 @file{@value{prefix}daniel@@melancholia@value{postfix}.emacs}. |
45861 | 1754 |
1755 It is also possible to specify other file transfer methods | |
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|
1756 (@pxref{Default Method}) as part of the filename. |
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|
1757 @ifset emacs |
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|
1758 This is done by putting the method before the user and host name, as |
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|
1759 in |
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|
1760 @file{@value{prefix}@var{method}@value{postfixsinglehop}} |
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|
1761 (Note the trailing colon). |
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|
1762 @end ifset |
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|
1763 @ifset xemacs |
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|
1764 This is done by replacing the initial |
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|
1765 @file{@value{prefix}} with |
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1766 @file{@value{prefix}<method>@value{postfixsinglehop}}. |
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1767 (Note the trailing slash!). |
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1768 @end ifset |
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1769 The user, machine and file specification remain the same. |
45861 | 1770 |
46348 | 1771 So, to connect to the machine @code{melancholia} as @code{daniel}, |
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1772 using the @option{ssh} method to transfer files, and edit @file{.emacs} |
46348 | 1773 in my home directory I would specify the filename |
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1774 @file{@value{prefix}ssh@value{postfixsinglehop}daniel@@melancholia@value{postfix}.emacs}. |
45861 | 1775 |
1776 | |
1777 @node Multi-hop filename syntax | |
1778 @section Multi-hop filename conventions | |
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1779 @cindex filename syntax for multi-hop files |
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1780 @cindex multi-hop filename syntax |
45861 | 1781 |
1782 The syntax of multi-hop file names is necessarily slightly different | |
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1783 than the syntax of other @value{tramp} file names. Here's an example |
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1784 multi-hop file name: |
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1785 |
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1786 @example |
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1787 @value{prefix}multi@value{postfixsinglehop}rsh@value{postfixmultihop}out@@gate@value{postfixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixmultihop}kai@@real.host@value{postfix}/path/to.file |
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1788 @end example |
45861 | 1789 |
1790 This is quite a mouthful. So let's go through it step by step. The | |
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1791 file name consists of three parts. |
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1792 @ifset emacs |
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1793 The parts are separated by colons |
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1794 @end ifset |
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1795 @ifset xemacs |
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1796 The parts are separated by slashes and square brackets. |
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1797 @end ifset |
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1798 The first part is @file{@value{prefix}multi}, the method |
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1799 specification. The second part is |
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1800 @file{rsh@value{postfixmultihop}out@@gate@value{postfixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixmultihop}kai@@real.host} |
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1801 and specifies the hops. The final part is @file{/path/to.file} and |
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1802 specifies the file name on the remote host. |
45861 | 1803 |
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1804 The first part and the final part should be clear. See @ref{Multi-hop |
45861 | 1805 Methods}, for a list of alternatives for the method specification. |
1806 | |
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1807 The second part can be subdivided again into components, so-called |
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1808 hops. In the above file name, there are two hops, |
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1809 @file{rsh@value{postfixmultihop}out@@gate} and |
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1810 @file{telnet@value{postfixmultihop}kai@@real.host}. |
45861 | 1811 |
1812 Each hop can @emph{again} be subdivided into (three) components, the | |
1813 @dfn{hop method}, the @dfn{user name} and the @dfn{host name}. The | |
1814 meaning of the second and third component should be clear, and the hop | |
1815 method says what program to use to perform that hop. | |
1816 | |
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1817 The first hop, @file{rsh@value{postfixmultihop}out@@gate}, |
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1818 says to use @command{rsh} to log in as user @code{out} to the host |
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1819 @code{gate}. Starting at that host, the second hop, |
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1820 @file{telnet@value{postfixmultihop}kai@@real.host}, says to |
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1821 use @command{telnet} to log in as user @code{kai} to host |
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1822 @code{real.host}. |
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1823 |
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1824 @xref{Multi-hop Methods}, for a list of possible hop method values. |
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1825 The variable @code{tramp-multi-connection-function-alist} contains the |
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1826 list of possible hop methods and information on how to execute them, |
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1827 should you want to add your own. |
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1828 |
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1829 |
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1830 @node Filename completion |
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1831 @section Filename completion |
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1832 @cindex filename completion |
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1833 |
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1834 Filename completion works with @value{tramp} for both completing methods, |
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1835 user names and machine names (except multi hop methods) as well as for |
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1836 files on remote machines. |
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1837 |
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1838 If you, for example, type @kbd{C-x C-f @value{prefix}t |
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1839 @key{TAB}}, @value{tramp} might give you as result the choice for |
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1840 |
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1841 @example |
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1842 @ifset emacs |
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1843 @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop} tmp/ |
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1844 @value{prefixsinglehop}toto@value{postfix} |
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1845 @end ifset |
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1846 @ifset xemacs |
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1847 @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop} @value{prefixsinglehop}toto@value{postfix} |
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1848 @end ifset |
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1849 @end example |
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1850 |
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1851 @samp{@value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}} |
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1852 is a possible completion for the respective method, |
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1853 @ifset emacs |
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1854 @samp{tmp/} stands for the directory @file{/tmp} on your local |
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1855 machine, |
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1856 @end ifset |
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1857 and @samp{@value{prefixsinglehop}toto@value{postfix}} |
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1858 might be a host @value{tramp} has detected in your @file{~/.ssh/known_hosts} |
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1859 file (given you're using default method @option{ssh}). |
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1860 |
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1861 If you go on to type @kbd{e @key{TAB}}, the minibuffer is completed to |
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1862 @samp{@value{prefix}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}}. |
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1863 Next @kbd{@key{TAB}} brings you all machine names @value{tramp} detects in |
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1864 your @file{/etc/hosts} file, let's say |
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1865 |
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1866 @example |
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1867 @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}127.0.0.1@value{postfix} @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}192.168.0.1@value{postfix} |
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1868 @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}localhost@value{postfix} @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}melancholia.danann.net@value{postfix} |
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1869 @value{prefixsinglehop}telnet@value{postfixsinglehop}melancholia@value{postfix} |
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1870 @end example |
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1871 |
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1872 Now you can choose the desired machine, and you can continue to |
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1873 complete file names on that machine. |
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1874 |
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1875 As filename completion needs to fetch the listing of files from the |
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1876 remote machine, this feature is sometimes fairly slow. As @value{tramp} |
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1877 does not yet cache the results of directory listing, there is no gain |
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1878 in performance the second time you complete filenames. |
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1879 |
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1880 If the configuration files (@pxref{Customizing Completion}), which |
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1881 @value{tramp} uses for analysis of completion, offer user names, those user |
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1882 names will be taken into account as well. |
45861 | 1883 |
1884 | |
1885 @node Dired | |
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1886 @section Dired |
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1887 @cindex dired |
45861 | 1888 |
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1889 @value{tramp} works transparently with dired, enabling you to use this powerful |
45861 | 1890 file management tool to manage files on any machine you have access to |
1891 over the Internet. | |
1892 | |
1893 If you need to browse a directory tree, Dired is a better choice, at | |
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1894 present, than filename completion. Dired has its own cache mechanism |
45861 | 1895 and will only fetch the directory listing once. |
1896 | |
1897 | |
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1898 @node Compilation |
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1899 @section Compile remote files |
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1900 @cindex compile |
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1901 @cindex recompile |
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1902 |
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1903 @value{tramp} provides commands for compilation of files on remote |
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1904 machines. In order to get them loaded, you need to require |
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1905 @file{tramp-util.el}: |
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1906 |
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1907 @lisp |
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1908 (require 'tramp-util) |
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1909 @end lisp |
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1910 |
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1911 Afterwards, you can use the commands @code{tramp-compile} and |
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1912 @code{tramp-recompile} instead of @code{compile} and @code{recompile}, |
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1913 respectively; @inforef{Compilation, ,@value{emacsdir}}. This does not |
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1914 work for the @option{ftp} and @option{smb} methods. |
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1915 |
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1916 The corresponding key bindings and menu entries calling these commands |
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1917 are redefined automatically for buffers associated with remote files. |
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1918 |
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1919 After finishing the compilation, you can use the usual commands like |
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1920 @code{previous-error}, @code{next-error} and @code{first-error} for |
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1921 navigation in the @file{*Compilation*} buffer. |
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1922 |
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1923 |
45861 | 1924 @node Bug Reports |
1925 @chapter Reporting Bugs and Problems | |
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1926 @cindex bug reports |
45861 | 1927 |
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1928 Bugs and problems with @value{tramp} are actively worked on by the development |
45861 | 1929 team. Feature requests and suggestions are also more than welcome. |
1930 | |
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1931 The @value{tramp} mailing list is a great place to get information on working |
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1932 with @value{tramp}, solving problems and general discussion and advice on topics |
45861 | 1933 relating to the package. |
1934 | |
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1935 The mailing list is at @email{tramp-devel@@gnu.org}. Messages sent to |
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1936 this address go to all the subscribers. This is @emph{not} the address |
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1937 to send subscription requests to. |
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1938 |
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1939 Subscribing to the list is performed via |
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1940 @uref{http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/tramp-devel/, |
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1941 the @value{tramp} Mail Subscription Page}. |
45861 | 1942 |
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1943 To report a bug in @value{tramp}, you should execute @kbd{M-x tramp-bug}. This |
45861 | 1944 will automatically generate a buffer with the details of your system and |
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1945 @value{tramp} version. |
45861 | 1946 |
1947 When submitting a bug report, please try to describe in excruciating | |
1948 detail the steps required to reproduce the problem, the setup of the | |
1949 remote machine and any special conditions that exist. | |
1950 | |
1951 If you can identify a minimal test case that reproduces the problem, | |
1952 include that with your bug report. This will make it much easier for the | |
1953 development team to analyze and correct the problem. | |
1954 | |
1955 @node Frequently Asked Questions | |
1956 @chapter Frequently Asked Questions | |
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1957 @cindex frequently asked questions |
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1958 @cindex FAQ |
45861 | 1959 |
1960 @itemize @bullet | |
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1961 @item |
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1962 Where can I get the latest @value{tramp}? |
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1963 |
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1964 @value{tramp} is available under the URL below. |
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1965 |
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1966 @noindent |
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1967 @uref{http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tramp/} |
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1968 |
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1969 @noindent |
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1970 There is also a Savannah project page. |
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1971 |
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1972 @noindent |
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1973 @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tramp/} |
45861 | 1974 |
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1975 @item |
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1976 Which systems does it work on? |
45861 | 1977 |
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1978 The package has been used successfully on GNU Emacs 20, GNU Emacs 21 |
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1979 and GNU Emacs 22, as well as XEmacs 21. XEmacs 20 is more |
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1980 problematic, see the notes in @file{tramp.el}. I don't think anybody |
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1981 has really tried it on GNU Emacs 19. |
45861 | 1982 |
1983 The package was intended to work on Unix, and it really expects a | |
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1984 Unix-like system on the remote end (except the @option{smb} method), |
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1985 but some people seemed to have some success getting it to work on MS |
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1986 Windows NT/2000/XP @value{emacsname}. |
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1987 |
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1988 There is some informations on @value{tramp} on NT at the following URL; |
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1989 many thanks to Joe Stoy for providing the information: |
45861 | 1990 @uref{ftp://ftp.comlab.ox.ac.uk/tmp/Joe.Stoy/} |
1991 | |
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1992 @c The link is broken. I've contacted Tom for clarification. Michael. |
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1993 @ignore |
45861 | 1994 The above mostly contains patches to old ssh versions; Tom Roche has a |
1995 Web page with instructions: | |
1996 @uref{http://www4.ncsu.edu/~tlroche/plinkTramp.html} | |
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1997 @end ignore |
45861 | 1998 |
1999 ??? Is the XEmacs info correct? | |
2000 | |
2001 ??? Can somebody provide some information for getting it to work on NT | |
2002 Emacs? I think there was some issue with @command{ssh}? | |
2003 | |
2004 | |
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2005 @item |
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2006 I can't stop @value{ftppackagename} starting with @value{emacsname} |
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2007 |
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2008 @ifset emacs |
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2009 @value{ftppackagename} is loaded from @value{tramp} automatically if you |
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2010 require a file by the ftp method. Unfortunately, there are some Lisp |
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2011 packages which make @value{ftppackagename} file name handlers active. |
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2012 You can see it applying @kbd{C-h v file-name-handler-alist}: |
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2013 |
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2014 @example |
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2015 file-name-handler-alist's value is |
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2016 (("^/[^/:]*\\'" . ange-ftp-completion-hook-function) |
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2017 ("^/[^/:]*[^/:.]:" . ange-ftp-hook-function) |
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2018 ("^/[^/]*$" . tramp-completion-file-name-handler) |
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2019 ("\\`/[^/:]+:" . tramp-file-name-handler) |
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2020 ("\\`/:" . file-name-non-special)) |
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2021 @end example |
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2022 |
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2023 Please try to find out which package is responsible for loading |
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2024 @value{ftppackagename}, and raise a bug report. |
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2025 |
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2026 A workaround is to require @value{ftppackagename} before @value{tramp} in |
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2027 your @file{~/.emacs}, because @value{tramp} cleans up the entries in |
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2028 @code{file-name-handler-alist}: |
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2029 |
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2030 @lisp |
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2031 ;; @value{ftppackagename} temporarily required |
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2032 (require 'ange-ftp) |
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2033 ;; @value{tramp} cleans up @code{file-name-handler-alist} |
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2034 (require 'tramp) |
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2035 @end lisp |
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2036 @end ifset |
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2037 |
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2038 @ifset xemacs |
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2039 Not all the older versions of @value{tramp} supported @value{emacsname} |
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2040 correctly. The first thing to do is to make sure that you have the |
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2041 latest version of @value{tramp} installed. |
45861 | 2042 |
2043 If you do, please try and find out exactly the conditions required for | |
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2044 the @value{ftppackagename} handlers to fire. If you can, putting a |
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2045 breakpoint on @code{efs-ftp-path} and sending in the stack trace along |
ffda74ab6dc4
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2046 with your bug report would make it easier for the developers to work out |
ffda74ab6dc4
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2047 what is going wrong. |
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2048 @end ifset |
45861 | 2049 |
2050 | |
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2051 @item |
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2052 File name completion does not work with @value{tramp} |
45861 | 2053 |
2054 When you log in to the remote machine, do you see the output of | |
2055 @command{ls} in color? If so, this may be the cause of your problems. | |
2056 | |
2057 @command{ls} outputs @acronym{ANSI} escape sequences that your terminal | |
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2058 emulator interprets to set the colors. These escape sequences will |
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2059 confuse @value{tramp} however. |
45861 | 2060 |
2061 In your @file{.bashrc}, @file{.profile} or equivalent on the remote | |
2062 machine you probably have an alias configured that adds the option | |
2063 @option{--color=yes} or @option{--color=auto}. | |
2064 | |
2065 You should remove that alias and ensure that a new login @emph{does not} | |
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2066 display the output of @command{ls} in color. If you still cannot use |
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2067 filename completion, report a bug to the @value{tramp} developers. |
45861 | 2068 |
2069 | |
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2070 @item |
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2071 File name completion does not work in large directories |
45861 | 2072 |
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2073 @value{tramp} uses globbing for some operations. (Globbing means to use the |
45861 | 2074 shell to expand wildcards such as `*.c'.) This might create long |
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(External transfer methods): New method `smb'. From
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2075 command lines, especially in directories with many files. Some shells |
45861 | 2076 choke on long command lines, or don't cope well with the globbing |
2077 itself. | |
2078 | |
2079 If you have a large directory on the remote end, you may wish to execute | |
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2080 a command like @samp{ls -d * ..?* > /dev/null} and see if it hangs. |
45861 | 2081 Note that you must first start the right shell, which might be |
2082 @command{/bin/sh}, @command{ksh} or @command{bash}, depending on which | |
2083 of those supports tilde expansion. | |
2084 | |
2085 | |
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2086 @item |
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2087 How can I get notified when @value{tramp} file transfers are complete? |
45861 | 2088 |
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2089 The following snippet can be put in your @file{~/.emacs} file. It |
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2090 makes @value{emacsname} beep after reading from or writing to the |
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2091 remote host. |
45861 | 2092 |
2093 @lisp | |
2094 (defadvice tramp-handle-write-region | |
2095 (after tramp-write-beep-advice activate) | |
2096 " make tramp beep after writing a file." | |
2097 (interactive) | |
2098 (beep)) | |
2099 (defadvice tramp-handle-do-copy-or-rename-file | |
2100 (after tramp-copy-beep-advice activate) | |
2101 " make tramp beep after copying a file." | |
2102 (interactive) | |
2103 (beep)) | |
2104 (defadvice tramp-handle-insert-file-contents | |
2105 (after tramp-copy-beep-advice activate) | |
2106 " make tramp beep after copying a file." | |
2107 (interactive) | |
2108 (beep)) | |
2109 @end lisp | |
2110 | |
2111 | |
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2112 @item |
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2113 There's this @file{~/.sh_history} file on the remote host which keeps |
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2114 growing and growing. What's that? |
45861 | 2115 |
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Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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2116 Sometimes, @value{tramp} starts @command{ksh} on the remote host for |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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2117 tilde expansion. Maybe @command{ksh} saves the history by default. |
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2118 @value{tramp} tries to turn off saving the history, but maybe you have |
060177e931f8
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2119 to help. For example, you could put this in your @file{.kshrc}: |
45861 | 2120 |
2121 @example | |
2122 if [ -f $HOME/.sh_history ] ; then | |
2123 /bin/rm $HOME/.sh_history | |
2124 fi | |
2125 if [ "$@{HISTFILE-unset@}" != "unset" ] ; then | |
2126 unset HISTFILE | |
2127 fi | |
2128 if [ "$@{HISTSIZE-unset@}" != "unset" ] ; then | |
2129 unset HISTSIZE | |
2130 fi | |
2131 @end example | |
2132 | |
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2133 |
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2134 @item |
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2135 @value{tramp} doesn't transfer strings with more than 500 characters |
49996
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2136 correctly |
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2137 |
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|
2138 On some few systems, the implementation of @code{process-send-string} |
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Version 2.0.30 released.
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2139 seems to be broken for longer strings. This case, you should |
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Version 2.0.30 released.
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|
2140 customize the variable @code{tramp-chunksize} to 500. For a |
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2141 description how to determine whether this is necessary see the |
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|
2142 documentation of @code{tramp-chunksize}. |
45861 | 2143 @end itemize |
2144 | |
2145 | |
2146 @c For the developer | |
2147 @node Version Control | |
2148 @chapter The inner workings of remote version control | |
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Version 2.0.35 of Tramp released.
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2149 @cindex Version Control |
45861 | 2150 |
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2151 Unlike @value{ftppackagename}, @value{tramp} has full shell access to the |
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|
2152 remote machine. This makes it possible to provide version control for |
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2153 files accessed under @value{tramp}. |
45861 | 2154 |
2155 The actual version control binaries must be installed on the remote | |
2156 machine, accessible in the directories specified in | |
2157 @var{tramp-remote-path}. | |
2158 | |
2159 This transparent integration with the version control systems is one of | |
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2160 the most valuable features provided by @value{tramp}, but it is far from perfect. |
45861 | 2161 Work is ongoing to improve the transparency of the system. |
2162 | |
2163 @menu | |
2164 * Version Controlled Files:: Determining if a file is under version control. | |
2165 * Remote Commands:: Executing the version control commands on the remote machine. | |
2166 * Changed workfiles:: Detecting if the working file has changed. | |
2167 * Checking out files:: Bringing the workfile out of the repository. | |
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2168 * Miscellaneous Version Control:: Things related to Version Control that don't fit elsewhere. |
45861 | 2169 @end menu |
2170 | |
2171 | |
2172 @node Version Controlled Files | |
2173 @section Determining if a file is under version control | |
2174 | |
2175 The VC package uses the existence of on-disk revision control master | |
2176 files to determine if a given file is under revision control. These file | |
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2177 tests happen on the remote machine through the standard @value{tramp} mechanisms. |
45861 | 2178 |
2179 | |
2180 @node Remote Commands | |
2181 @section Executing the version control commands on the remote machine | |
2182 | |
2183 There are no hooks provided by VC to allow intercepting of the version | |
2184 control command execution. The calls occur through the | |
2185 @code{call-process} mechanism, a function that is somewhat more | |
2186 efficient than the @code{shell-command} function but that does not | |
2187 provide hooks for remote execution of commands. | |
2188 | |
2189 To work around this, the functions @code{vc-do-command} and | |
2190 @code{vc-simple-command} have been advised to intercept requests for | |
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|
2191 operations on files accessed via @value{tramp}. |
45861 | 2192 |
2193 In the case of a remote file, the @code{shell-command} interface is | |
2194 used, with some wrapper code, to provide the same functionality on the | |
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2195 remote machine as would be seen on the local machine. |
45861 | 2196 |
2197 | |
2198 @node Changed workfiles | |
2199 @section Detecting if the working file has changed | |
2200 | |
2201 As there is currently no way to get access to the mtime of a file on a | |
2202 remote machine in a portable way, the @code{vc-workfile-unchanged-p} | |
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2203 function is advised to call an @value{tramp} specific function for remote files. |
45861 | 2204 |
2205 The @code{tramp-vc-workfile-unchanged-p} function uses the functioning VC | |
2206 diff functionality to determine if any changes have occurred between the | |
2207 workfile and the version control master. | |
2208 | |
2209 This requires that a shell command be executed remotely, a process that | |
2210 is notably heavier-weight than the mtime comparison used for local | |
2211 files. Unfortunately, unless a portable solution to the issue is found, | |
2212 this will remain the cost of remote version control. | |
2213 | |
2214 | |
2215 @node Checking out files | |
2216 @section Bringing the workfile out of the repository | |
2217 | |
2218 VC will, by default, check for remote files and refuse to act on them | |
2219 when checking out files from the repository. To work around this | |
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2220 problem, the function @code{vc-checkout} knows about @value{tramp} files and |
45861 | 2221 allows version control to occur. |
2222 | |
2223 | |
2224 @node Miscellaneous Version Control | |
2225 @section Things related to Version Control that don't fit elsewhere | |
2226 | |
2227 Minor implementation details, &c. | |
2228 | |
2229 @menu | |
2230 * Remote File Ownership:: How VC determines who owns a workfile. | |
2231 * Back-end Versions:: How VC determines what release your RCS is. | |
2232 @end menu | |
2233 | |
2234 | |
2235 @node Remote File Ownership | |
2236 @subsection How VC determines who owns a workfile | |
2237 | |
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|
2238 @value{emacsname} provides the @code{user-full-name} function to |
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|
2239 return the login name of the current user as well as mapping from |
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2240 arbitrary user id values back to login names. The VC code uses this |
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2241 functionality to map from the uid of the owner of a workfile to the |
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2242 login name in some circumstances. |
45861 | 2243 |
2244 This will not, for obvious reasons, work if the remote system has a | |
2245 different set of logins. As such, it is necessary to delegate to the | |
2246 remote machine the job of determining the login name associated with a | |
2247 uid. | |
2248 | |
2249 Unfortunately, with the profusion of distributed management systems such | |
2250 as @code{NIS}, @code{NIS+} and @code{NetInfo}, there is no simple, | |
2251 reliable and portable method for performing this mapping. | |
2252 | |
2253 Thankfully, the only place in the VC code that depends on the mapping of | |
2254 a uid to a login name is the @code{vc-file-owner} function. This returns | |
2255 the login of the owner of the file as a string. | |
2256 | |
2257 This function has been advised to use the output of @command{ls} on the | |
2258 remote machine to determine the login name, delegating the problem of | |
2259 mapping the uid to the login to the remote system which should know more | |
2260 about it than I do. | |
2261 | |
2262 | |
2263 @node Back-end Versions | |
2264 @subsection How VC determines what release your RCS is | |
2265 | |
2266 VC needs to know what release your revision control binaries you are | |
2267 running as not all features VC supports are available with older | |
2268 versions of @command{rcs(1)}, @command{cvs(1)} or @command{sccs(1)}. | |
2269 | |
2270 The default implementation of VC determines this value the first time it | |
2271 is needed and then stores the value globally to avoid the overhead of | |
2272 executing a process and parsing its output each time the information is | |
2273 needed. | |
2274 | |
2275 Unfortunately, life is not quite so easy when remote version control | |
2276 comes into the picture. Each remote machine may have a different version | |
2277 of the version control tools and, while this is painful, we need to | |
2278 ensure that unavailable features are not used remotely. | |
2279 | |
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2280 To resolve this issue, @value{tramp} currently takes the sledgehammer |
45861 | 2281 approach of making the release values of the revision control tools |
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2282 local to each @value{tramp} buffer, forcing VC to determine these values |
45861 | 2283 again each time a new file is visited. |
2284 | |
2285 This has, quite obviously, some performance implications. Thankfully, | |
2286 most of the common operations performed by VC do not actually require | |
2287 that the remote version be known. This makes the problem far less | |
2288 apparent. | |
2289 | |
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2290 Eventually these values will be captured by @value{tramp} on a system by |
45861 | 2291 system basis and the results cached to improve performance. |
2292 | |
2293 | |
49996
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2294 @node Files directories and localnames |
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2295 @chapter How file names, directories and localnames are mangled and managed. |
45861 | 2296 |
2297 @menu | |
49996
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2298 * Localname deconstruction:: Breaking a localname into its components. |
45861 | 2299 @end menu |
2300 | |
2301 | |
49996
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Version 2.0.30 released.
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2302 @node Localname deconstruction |
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Version 2.0.30 released.
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2303 @section Breaking a localname into its components. |
bda88bfc6c5e
Version 2.0.30 released.
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2304 |
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2305 @value{tramp} file names are somewhat different, obviously, to ordinary file |
45861 | 2306 names. As such, the lisp functions @code{file-name-directory} and |
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2307 @code{file-name-nondirectory} are overridden within the @value{tramp} |
49996
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Version 2.0.30 released.
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2308 package. |
45861 | 2309 |
2310 Their replacements are reasonably simplistic in their approach. They | |
49996
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2311 dissect the filename, call the original handler on the localname and |
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2312 then rebuild the @value{tramp} file name with the result. |
45861 | 2313 |
2314 This allows the platform specific hacks in the original handlers to take | |
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2315 effect while preserving the @value{tramp} file name information. |
45861 | 2316 |
2317 | |
2318 @node Issues | |
2319 @chapter Debatable Issues and What Was Decided | |
2320 | |
2321 @itemize @bullet | |
2322 @item The uuencode method does not always work. | |
2323 | |
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Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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|
2324 Due to the design of @value{tramp}, the encoding and decoding programs |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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2325 need to read from stdin and write to stdout. On some systems, |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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|
2326 @command{uudecode -o -} will read stdin and write the decoded file to |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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2327 stdout, on other systems @command{uudecode -p} does the same thing. |
060177e931f8
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|
2328 But some systems have uudecode implementations which cannot do this at |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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|
2329 all---it is not possible to call these uudecode implementations with |
060177e931f8
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2330 suitable parameters so that they write to stdout. |
45861 | 2331 |
2332 Of course, this could be circumvented: the @code{begin foo 644} line | |
2333 could be rewritten to put in some temporary file name, then | |
64772
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Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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|
2334 @command{uudecode} could be called, then the temp file could be |
060177e931f8
Sync with Tramp 2.0.50.
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|
2335 printed and deleted. |
45861 | 2336 |
2337 But I have decided that this is too fragile to reliably work, so on some | |
2338 systems you'll have to do without the uuencode methods. | |
2339 | |
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2340 @item @value{tramp} does not work on XEmacs 20. |
45861 | 2341 |
2342 This is because it requires the macro @code{with-timeout} which does not | |
2343 appear to exist in XEmacs 20. I'm somewhat reluctant to add an | |
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2344 emulation macro to @value{tramp}, but if somebody who uses XEmacs 20 steps |
45861 | 2345 forward and wishes to implement and test it, please contact me or the |
2346 mailing list. | |
2347 | |
60763
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Sync with Tramp 2.0.48.
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|
2348 @item The @value{tramp} filename syntax differs between GNU Emacs and XEmacs. |
3ba8f94e9cfa
Sync with Tramp 2.0.48.
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|
2349 |
3ba8f94e9cfa
Sync with Tramp 2.0.48.
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|
2350 The GNU Emacs maintainers wish to use a unified filename syntax for |
55421
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|
2351 Ange-FTP and @value{tramp} so that users don't have to learn a new |
46348 | 2352 syntax. It is sufficient to learn some extensions to the old syntax. |
2353 | |
2354 For the XEmacs maintainers, the problems caused from using a unified | |
48974
d29e4e3d4f5d
(External transfer methods): New method `smb'. From
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
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diff
changeset
|
2355 filename syntax are greater than the gains. The XEmacs package system |
d29e4e3d4f5d
(External transfer methods): New method `smb'. From
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diff
changeset
|
2356 uses EFS for downloading new packages. So, obviously, EFS has to be |
55421
5be9c6254f06
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|
2357 installed from the start. If the filenames were unified, @value{tramp} |
46348 | 2358 would have to be installed from the start, too. |
2359 | |
54198
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|
2360 @ifset xemacs |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
2361 @strong{Note:} If you'ld like to use a similar syntax like |
55421
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|
2362 @value{ftppackagename}, you need the following settings in your init |
54198
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Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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|
2363 file: |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
2364 |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
2365 @lisp |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
2366 (setq tramp-unified-filenames t) |
c1bfc266f10a
Tramp: sync with upstream version 2.0.39.
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|
2367 (require 'tramp) |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
2368 @end lisp |
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|
2369 |
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|
2370 The autoload of the @value{emacsname} @value{tramp} package must be |
54198
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|
2371 disabled. This can be achieved by setting file permissions @code{000} |
c1bfc266f10a
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|
2372 to the files @file{.../xemacs-packages/lisp/tramp/auto-autoloads.el*}. |
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|
2373 |
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changeset
|
2374 In case of unified filenames, all @value{emacsname} download sites |
54198
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|
2375 are added to @code{tramp-default-method-alist} with default method |
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|
2376 @option{ftp} @xref{Default Method}. These settings shouldn't be touched |
55421
5be9c6254f06
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changeset
|
2377 for proper working of the @value{emacsname} package system. |
5be9c6254f06
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|
2378 |
5be9c6254f06
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|
2379 The syntax for unified filenames is described in the @value{tramp} manual |
5be9c6254f06
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|
2380 for @value{emacsothername}. |
54198
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|
2381 @end ifset |
45861 | 2382 @end itemize |
2383 | |
51604
f57bfce0ddaf
Version 2.0.35 of Tramp released.
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|
2384 @node Concept Index |
f57bfce0ddaf
Version 2.0.35 of Tramp released.
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|
2385 @comment node-name, next, previous, up |
f57bfce0ddaf
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|
2386 @unnumbered Concept Index |
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|
2387 @printindex cp |
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Version 2.0.35 of Tramp released.
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|
2388 @contents |
45861 | 2389 @c End of tramp.texi - the TRAMP User Manual |
2390 @bye | |
2391 | |
2392 @c TODO | |
2393 @c | |
2394 @c * Say something about the .login and .profile files of the remote | |
2395 @c shells. | |
2396 @c * Explain how tramp.el works in principle: open a shell on a remote | |
2397 @c host and then send commands to it. | |
46346
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* files.texi (Remote Files): Explain new unified file name synatx.
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2398 @c * Mention that bookmarks are a cool feature to go along with Tramp. |
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|
2399 @c * Make terminology "inline" vs "out-of-band" consistent. |
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* files.texi (Remote Files): Explain new unified file name synatx.
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|
2400 @c It seems that "external" is also used instead of "out-of-band". |
45861 | 2401 |
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2402 @c * M. Albinus |
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|
2403 @c ** Use `filename' resp. `file name' consistently. |
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|
2404 @c ** Use `host' resp. `machine' consistently. |
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|
2405 @c ** Consistent small or capitalized words especially in menues. |
54203 | 2406 |
2407 @ignore | |
2408 arch-tag: f96dd66e-6dd3-4c92-8d77-9c56205ba808 | |
2409 @end ignore |