Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/help.texi @ 67527:88807d05a058
* xmenu.c (menubar_selection_callback): Do nothing if the callback
is for an unselected radio menu item.
author | Jan Djärv <jan.h.d@swipnet.se> |
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date | Mon, 12 Dec 2005 08:08:43 +0000 |
parents | b33e99f74b5e |
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rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Help, Mark, M-x, Top | |
6 @chapter Help | |
7 @kindex Help | |
8 @cindex help | |
9 @cindex self-documentation | |
10 @findex help-command | |
11 @kindex C-h | |
12 @kindex F1 | |
13 | |
14 Emacs provides extensive help features accessible through a single | |
38488 | 15 character, @kbd{C-h}. @kbd{C-h} is a prefix key that is used for |
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16 commands that display documentation. The characters that you can type after |
25829 | 17 @kbd{C-h} are called @dfn{help options}. One help option is @kbd{C-h}; |
18 that is how you ask for help about using @kbd{C-h}. To cancel, type | |
19 @kbd{C-g}. The function key @key{F1} is equivalent to @kbd{C-h}. | |
20 | |
21 @kindex C-h C-h | |
22 @findex help-for-help | |
23 @kbd{C-h C-h} (@code{help-for-help}) displays a list of the possible | |
24 help options, each with a brief description. Before you type a help | |
25 option, you can use @key{SPC} or @key{DEL} to scroll through the list. | |
26 | |
27 @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1} means ``help'' in various other contexts as | |
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28 well. After a prefix key, it displays a list of the alternatives that |
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29 can follow the prefix key. (A few prefix keys don't support |
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30 @kbd{C-h}, because they define other meanings for it, but they all |
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31 support @key{F1}.) |
25829 | 32 |
33 Most help buffers use a special major mode, Help mode, which lets you | |
28433 | 34 scroll conveniently with @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}. It also offers |
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35 hyperlinks to URLs and further help regarding cross-referenced names, Info |
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36 nodes, customization buffers and the like. @xref{Help Mode}. |
25829 | 37 |
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38 @cindex searching documentation efficiently |
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39 @cindex looking for a subject in documentation |
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40 If you are looking for a certain feature, but don't know where |
38745 | 41 exactly it is documented, and aren't sure of the name of a |
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42 related command or variable, we recommend trying these methods. Usually |
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43 it is best to start with an apropos command, then try searching the |
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44 manual index, then finally look in the FAQ and the package keywords. |
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45 |
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46 @table @kbd |
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47 @item C-h a @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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48 This searches for commands whose names match @var{topics}, which |
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49 should be a keyword, a list of keywords, or a regular expression |
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50 (@pxref{Regexps}). This command displays a the matches in a new |
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51 buffer. @xref{Apropos}. |
32432 | 52 |
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53 @item C-h i d m emacs @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET} |
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54 This looks up @var{topic} in the indices of the Emacs on-line manual. |
36365 | 55 If there are several matches, Emacs displays the first one. You can then |
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56 press @kbd{,} to move to other matches, until you find what you are |
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57 looking for. |
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58 |
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59 @item C-h i d m emacs @key{RET} s @var{topic} @key{RET} |
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60 Similar, but searches for @var{topic} (which can be a regular |
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61 expression) in the @emph{text} of the manual rather than in its |
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62 indices. |
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63 |
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64 @item C-h C-f |
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65 This brings up the Emacs FAQ. You can use the Info commands |
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66 to browse it. |
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67 |
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68 @item C-h p |
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69 Finally, you can try looking up a suitable package using keywords |
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70 pertinent to the feature you need. @xref{Library Keywords}. |
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71 @end table |
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72 |
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73 To find the documentation of a key sequence or a menu item, type |
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74 @kbd{C-h K} and then type that key sequence or select the menu |
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75 item. This looks up the description of the command invoked by the key |
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76 or the menu in the appropriate manual (not necessarily the Emacs |
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77 manual). Likewise, use @kbd{C-h F} for reading documentation of a |
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78 command. |
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79 |
25829 | 80 @menu |
81 * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands. | |
82 * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs. | |
83 * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name. | |
84 * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic. | |
85 * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics). | |
86 * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support. | |
87 * Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers. | |
88 * Misc Help:: Other help commands. | |
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89 * Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files. |
28433 | 90 * Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help') |
25829 | 91 @end menu |
92 | |
93 @iftex | |
94 @node Help Summary | |
95 @end iftex | |
55626 | 96 @ifnottex |
25829 | 97 @node Help Summary |
98 @section Help Summary | |
55626 | 99 @end ifnottex |
25829 | 100 |
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101 Here is a summary of the Emacs interactive help commands. |
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102 @xref{Help Files}, for other help commands that just display a |
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103 pre-written file of information. |
25829 | 104 |
105 @table @kbd | |
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106 @item C-h a @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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107 Display a list of commands whose names match @var{topics} |
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108 (@code{apropos-command}; @pxref{Apropos}). |
25829 | 109 @item C-h b |
110 Display a table of all key bindings in effect now, in this order: minor | |
111 mode bindings, major mode bindings, and global bindings | |
112 (@code{describe-bindings}). | |
113 @item C-h c @var{key} | |
38488 | 114 Show the name of the command that @var{key} runs |
36185 | 115 (@code{describe-key-briefly}). Here @kbd{c} stands for ``character.'' |
116 For more extensive information on @var{key}, use @kbd{C-h k}. | |
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117 @item C-h d @var{topics} @key{RET} |
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118 Display a list of commands and variables whose documentation matches |
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119 @var{topics} (@code{apropos-documentation}). |
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120 @item C-h e |
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121 Display the @code{*Messages*} buffer |
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122 (@code{view-echo-area-messages}). |
25829 | 123 @item C-h f @var{function} @key{RET} |
124 Display documentation on the Lisp function named @var{function} | |
125 (@code{describe-function}). Since commands are Lisp functions, | |
126 a command name may be used. | |
127 @item C-h h | |
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128 Display the @file{HELLO} file, which shows examples of various character |
25829 | 129 sets. |
130 @item C-h i | |
131 Run Info, the program for browsing documentation files (@code{info}). | |
132 The complete Emacs manual is available on-line in Info. | |
133 @item C-h k @var{key} | |
134 Display the name and documentation of the command that @var{key} runs | |
135 (@code{describe-key}). | |
136 @item C-h l | |
137 Display a description of the last 100 characters you typed | |
138 (@code{view-lossage}). | |
139 @item C-h m | |
140 Display documentation of the current major mode (@code{describe-mode}). | |
141 @item C-h p | |
142 Find packages by topic keyword (@code{finder-by-keyword}). | |
143 @item C-h s | |
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144 Display the current contents of the syntax table, plus an explanation of |
25829 | 145 what they mean (@code{describe-syntax}). @xref{Syntax}. |
146 @item C-h t | |
147 Enter the Emacs interactive tutorial (@code{help-with-tutorial}). | |
148 @item C-h v @var{var} @key{RET} | |
38488 | 149 Display the documentation of the Lisp variable @var{var} |
25829 | 150 (@code{describe-variable}). |
151 @item C-h w @var{command} @key{RET} | |
38488 | 152 Show which keys run the command named @var{command} (@code{where-is}). |
25829 | 153 @item C-h C @var{coding} @key{RET} |
38488 | 154 Describe coding system @var{coding} |
25829 | 155 (@code{describe-coding-system}). |
156 @item C-h C @key{RET} | |
157 Describe the coding systems currently in use. | |
158 @item C-h I @var{method} @key{RET} | |
159 Describe an input method (@code{describe-input-method}). | |
160 @item C-h L @var{language-env} @key{RET} | |
38745 | 161 Display information on the character sets, coding systems, and input |
38488 | 162 methods used for language environment @var{language-env} |
25829 | 163 (@code{describe-language-environment}). |
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164 @item C-h F @var{function} @key{RET} |
25829 | 165 Enter Info and go to the node documenting the Emacs function @var{function} |
166 (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}). | |
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167 @item C-h K @var{key} |
25829 | 168 Enter Info and go to the node where the key sequence @var{key} is |
169 documented (@code{Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node}). | |
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170 @item C-h S @var{symbol} @key{RET} |
25829 | 171 Display the Info documentation on symbol @var{symbol} according to the |
172 programming language you are editing (@code{info-lookup-symbol}). | |
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173 @item C-h . |
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174 Display a help message associated with special text areas, such as |
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175 links in @samp{*Help*} buffers (@code{display-local-help}). |
25829 | 176 @end table |
177 | |
178 @node Key Help | |
179 @section Documentation for a Key | |
180 | |
181 @kindex C-h c | |
182 @findex describe-key-briefly | |
183 The most basic @kbd{C-h} options are @kbd{C-h c} | |
184 (@code{describe-key-briefly}) and @w{@kbd{C-h k}} (@code{describe-key}). | |
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185 @kbd{C-h c @var{key}} displays in the echo area the name of the command |
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186 that @var{key} is bound to. For example, @kbd{C-h c C-f} displays |
25829 | 187 @samp{forward-char}. Since command names are chosen to describe what |
188 the commands do, this is a good way to get a very brief description of | |
189 what @var{key} does. | |
190 | |
191 @kindex C-h k | |
192 @findex describe-key | |
193 @kbd{C-h k @var{key}} is similar but gives more information: it | |
194 displays the documentation string of the command as well as its name. | |
195 This is too big for the echo area, so a window is used for the display. | |
196 | |
197 @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h k} work for any sort of key sequences, | |
198 including function keys and mouse events. | |
199 | |
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200 @kindex C-h w |
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201 @findex where-is |
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202 @kbd{C-h w @var{command} @key{RET}} tells you what keys are bound to |
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203 @var{command}. It displays a list of the keys in the echo area. If it |
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204 says the command is not on any key, you must use @kbd{M-x} to run it. |
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205 @kbd{C-h w} runs the command @code{where-is}. |
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206 |
25829 | 207 @node Name Help |
208 @section Help by Command or Variable Name | |
209 | |
210 @kindex C-h f | |
211 @findex describe-function | |
212 @kbd{C-h f} (@code{describe-function}) reads the name of a Lisp function | |
213 using the minibuffer, then displays that function's documentation string | |
214 in a window. Since commands are Lisp functions, you can use this to get | |
215 the documentation of a command that you know by name. For example, | |
216 | |
217 @example | |
218 C-h f auto-fill-mode @key{RET} | |
219 @end example | |
220 | |
221 @noindent | |
222 displays the documentation of @code{auto-fill-mode}. This is the only | |
223 way to get the documentation of a command that is not bound to any key | |
224 (one which you would normally run using @kbd{M-x}). | |
225 | |
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226 @kbd{C-h f} is also useful for Lisp functions that you are planning |
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227 to use in a Lisp program. For example, if you have just written the |
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228 expression @code{(make-vector len)} and want to check that you are |
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229 using @code{make-vector} properly, type @kbd{C-h f make-vector |
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230 @key{RET}}. Because @kbd{C-h f} allows all function names, not just |
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231 command names, you may find that some of your favorite completion |
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232 abbreviations that work in @kbd{M-x} don't work in @kbd{C-h f}. An |
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233 abbreviation may be unique among command names, yet fail to be unique |
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234 when other function names are allowed. |
25829 | 235 |
38488 | 236 The default function name for @kbd{C-h f} to describe, if you type |
237 just @key{RET}, is the name of the function called by the innermost Lisp | |
238 expression in the buffer around point, @emph{provided} that is a valid, | |
239 defined Lisp function name. For example, if point is located following | |
240 the text @samp{(make-vector (car x)}, the innermost list containing | |
241 point is the one that starts with @samp{(make-vector}, so the default is | |
242 to describe the function @code{make-vector}. | |
25829 | 243 |
244 @kbd{C-h f} is often useful just to verify that you have the right | |
245 spelling for the function name. If @kbd{C-h f} mentions a name from the | |
246 buffer as the default, that name must be defined as a Lisp function. If | |
247 that is all you want to know, just type @kbd{C-g} to cancel the @kbd{C-h | |
248 f} command, then go on editing. | |
249 | |
250 @kbd{C-h v} (@code{describe-variable}) is like @kbd{C-h f} but describes | |
251 Lisp variables instead of Lisp functions. Its default is the Lisp symbol | |
252 around or before point, but only if that is the name of a known Lisp | |
60429
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253 variable. @xref{Variables}. |
25829 | 254 |
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255 Help buffers describing Emacs variables and functions normally have |
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256 hyperlinks to the definition, if you have the source files installed. |
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257 (@xref{Hyperlinking}.) If you know Lisp (or C), this provides the |
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258 ultimate documentation. If you don't know Lisp, you should learn it. |
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259 If you are just @emph{using} Emacs, treating Emacs as an object |
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260 (file), then you don't really love it. For true intimacy with your |
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261 editor, you need to read the source code. |
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262 |
25829 | 263 @node Apropos |
264 @section Apropos | |
265 | |
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266 A more sophisticated sort of question to ask is, ``What are the |
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267 commands for working with files?'' The @dfn{apropos} commands ask |
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268 such questions---they look for things whose names match an |
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269 @dfn{apropos pattern}, which means either a word, a list of words, or |
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270 a regular expression. Each apropos command displays a list of |
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271 matching items in a special buffer. |
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272 |
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273 @table @kbd |
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274 @item C-h a @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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275 Search for commands whose names match @var{pattern}. |
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276 |
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277 @item M-x apropos @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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278 Similar, but it searches for noninteractive functions and for |
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279 variables, as well as commands. |
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280 |
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281 @item M-x apropos-variable @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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282 Similar, but it searches for variables only. |
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283 |
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284 @item M-x apropos-value @key{RET} @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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285 Similar, but it searches for variables based on their values, or |
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286 functions based on their definitions. |
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287 |
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288 @item C-h d @var{pattern} @key{RET} |
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289 Search the @emph{documentation strings} (the built-in short |
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290 descriptions) of all variables and functions (not their names) for a |
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291 match for @var{pattern}. |
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292 @end table |
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293 |
25829 | 294 @kindex C-h a |
295 @findex apropos-command | |
296 @cindex apropos | |
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297 To find the commands that work on files, type @kbd{C-h a file |
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298 @key{RET}}. This displays a list of all command names that contain |
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299 @samp{file}, including @code{copy-file}, @code{find-file}, and so on. |
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300 With each command name appears a brief description of how to use the |
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301 command, and what keys you can currently invoke it with. For example, |
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302 it would say that you can invoke @code{find-file} by typing @kbd{C-x |
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303 C-f}. The @kbd{a} in @kbd{C-h a} stands for ``Apropos''; @kbd{C-h a} |
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304 runs the command @code{apropos-command}. This command normally checks |
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305 only commands (interactive functions); if you specify a prefix |
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306 argument, it checks noninteractive functions as well. |
25829 | 307 |
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308 If you want more information about a function definition, variable or |
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309 symbol property listed in the Apropos buffer, you can click on it with |
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310 @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move there and type @key{RET}. |
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311 |
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312 @kbd{C-h a} with a single word can find too many matches. Don't |
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313 just give up; you can give Apropos a list of words to search for. |
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314 When you specify more than one word in the apropos pattern, a name |
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315 must contain at least two of the words in order to match. Thus, if |
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316 you are looking for commands to kill a chunk of text before point, you |
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317 could try @kbd{C-h a kill back backward behind before @key{RET}}. |
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318 |
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319 For even greater flexibility, you can specify a regular expression |
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320 (@pxref{Regexps}). An apropos pattern is interpreted as a regular |
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321 expression if it contains any of the regular expression special |
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322 characters, @samp{^$*+?.\[}. |
25829 | 323 |
324 Here is a set of arguments to give to @kbd{C-h a} that covers many | |
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325 classes of Emacs commands, since there are strong conventions for |
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326 naming the standard Emacs commands. By giving you a feel for the |
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327 naming conventions, this set should also serve to aid you in |
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328 developing a technique for picking Apropos keywords. |
25829 | 329 |
330 @quotation | |
331 char, line, word, sentence, paragraph, region, page, sexp, list, defun, | |
332 rect, buffer, frame, window, face, file, dir, register, mode, beginning, end, | |
333 forward, backward, next, previous, up, down, search, goto, kill, delete, | |
334 mark, insert, yank, fill, indent, case, change, set, what, list, find, | |
335 view, describe, default. | |
336 @end quotation | |
337 | |
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338 @findex apropos |
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339 To list all Lisp symbols that contain a match an Apropos pattern, |
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340 not just the ones that are defined as commands, use the command |
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341 @kbd{M-x apropos} instead of @kbd{C-h a}. This command does not check |
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342 key bindings by default; specify a numeric argument if you want it to |
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343 check them. |
25829 | 344 |
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345 @findex apropos-variable |
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346 To list user-customizable variables that match an apropos pattern, |
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347 use the command @kbd{M-x apropos-variable}. If you specify a prefix |
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348 argument, it checks all variables. |
25829 | 349 |
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350 @kindex C-h d |
25829 | 351 @findex apropos-documentation |
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352 The @code{apropos-documentation} command is like @code{apropos} |
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353 except that it searches documentation strings instead of symbol names |
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354 for matches for the specified Apropos pattern. |
25829 | 355 |
356 @findex apropos-value | |
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357 The @code{apropos-value} command is like @code{apropos} except that |
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358 it searches variables' values for matches for the pattern. With a |
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359 prefix argument, it also checks symbols' function definitions and |
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360 property lists. |
25829 | 361 |
362 @vindex apropos-do-all | |
363 If the variable @code{apropos-do-all} is non-@code{nil}, the commands | |
364 above all behave as if they had been given a prefix argument. | |
365 | |
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366 @vindex apropos-sort-by-scores |
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367 @cindex apropos search results, order by score |
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368 By default, Apropos lists the search results in alphabetical order. |
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369 If the variable @code{apropos-sort-by-scores} is non-@code{nil}, |
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370 Apropos tries to guess the relevance of each result, and displays the |
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371 most relevant ones first. |
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372 |
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373 @vindex apropos-documentation-sort-by-scores |
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374 By default, Apropos lists the search results for |
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375 @code{apropos-documentation} in order of relevance of the match. If |
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376 the variable @code{apropos-documentation-sort-by-scores} is |
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377 @code{nil}, Apropos lists the symbosl found in alphabetical order. |
25829 | 378 |
379 @node Library Keywords | |
380 @section Keyword Search for Lisp Libraries | |
381 | |
382 @kindex C-h p | |
383 @findex finder-by-keyword | |
384 The @kbd{C-h p} command lets you search the standard Emacs Lisp | |
385 libraries by topic keywords. Here is a partial list of keywords you can | |
386 use: | |
387 | |
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388 @multitable {emulations} {aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa} |
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389 @item abbrev@tab abbreviation handling, typing shortcuts, macros. |
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390 @item bib@tab code related to the @code{bib} bibliography processor. |
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391 @item c@tab support for the C language and related languages. |
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392 @item calendar@tab calendar and time management support. |
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393 @item comm@tab communications, networking, remote access to files. |
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394 @item convenience@tab convenience features for faster editing. |
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395 @item data@tab support for editing files of data. |
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396 @item docs@tab support for Emacs documentation. |
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397 @item emulations@tab emulations of other editors. |
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398 @item extensions@tab Emacs Lisp language extensions. |
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399 @item faces@tab support for multiple fonts. |
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400 @item files@tab support for editing and manipulating files. |
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401 @item frames@tab support for Emacs frames and window systems. |
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402 @item games@tab games, jokes and amusements. |
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403 @item hardware@tab support for interfacing with exotic hardware. |
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404 @item help@tab support for on-line help systems. |
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405 @item hypermedia@tab support for links between text or other media types. |
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406 @item i18n@tab internationalization and alternate character-set support. |
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407 @item internal@tab code for Emacs internals, build process, defaults. |
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408 @item languages@tab specialized modes for editing programming languages. |
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409 @item lisp@tab Lisp support, including Emacs Lisp. |
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410 @item local@tab code local to your site. |
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411 @item maint@tab maintenance aids for the Emacs development group. |
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412 @item mail@tab modes for electronic-mail handling. |
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413 @item matching@tab various sorts of searching and matching. |
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414 @item mouse@tab mouse support. |
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415 @item multimedia@tab images and sound support. |
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416 @item news@tab support for netnews reading and posting. |
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417 @item oop@tab support for object-oriented programming. |
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418 @item outlines@tab support for hierarchical outlining. |
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419 @item processes@tab process, subshell, compilation, and job control support. |
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420 @item terminals@tab support for terminal types. |
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421 @item tex@tab supporting code for the @TeX{} formatter. |
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422 @item tools@tab programming tools. |
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423 @item unix@tab front-ends/assistants for, or emulators of, UNIX-like features. |
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424 @item wp@tab word processing. |
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425 @end multitable |
25829 | 426 |
427 @node Language Help | |
428 @section Help for International Language Support | |
429 | |
430 You can use the command @kbd{C-h L} | |
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431 (@code{describe-language-environment}) to find out information about |
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432 the support for a specific language environment. @xref{Language |
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433 Environments}. This tells you which languages this language |
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434 environment is useful for, and lists the character sets, coding |
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435 systems, and input methods that go with it. It also shows some sample |
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436 text to illustrate scripts. |
25829 | 437 |
438 The command @kbd{C-h h} (@code{view-hello-file}) displays the file | |
439 @file{etc/HELLO}, which shows how to say ``hello'' in many languages. | |
440 | |
441 The command @kbd{C-h I} (@code{describe-input-method}) describes | |
442 information about input methods---either a specified input method, or by | |
443 default the input method in use. @xref{Input Methods}. | |
444 | |
445 The command @kbd{C-h C} (@code{describe-coding-system}) describes | |
446 information about coding systems---either a specified coding system, or | |
447 the ones currently in use. @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
448 | |
449 @node Help Mode | |
450 @section Help Mode Commands | |
451 | |
38488 | 452 Help buffers provide the same commands as View mode (@pxref{Misc File |
453 Ops}), plus a few special commands of their own. | |
25829 | 454 |
455 @table @kbd | |
456 @item @key{SPC} | |
457 Scroll forward. | |
458 @item @key{DEL} | |
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459 @itemx @key{BS} |
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460 Scroll backward. On some keyboards, this key is known as @key{BS} or |
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461 @key{backspace}. |
25829 | 462 @item @key{RET} |
463 Follow a cross reference at point. | |
464 @item @key{TAB} | |
465 Move point forward to the next cross reference. | |
466 @item S-@key{TAB} | |
467 Move point back to the previous cross reference. | |
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468 @item Mouse-1 |
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469 @itemx Mouse-2 |
25829 | 470 Follow a cross reference that you click on. |
471 @end table | |
472 | |
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473 When a function name (@pxref{M-x,, Running Commands by Name}) or |
25829 | 474 variable name (@pxref{Variables}) appears in the documentation, it |
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475 normally appears inside paired single-quotes. You can click on the |
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476 name with @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move point there and type |
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477 @key{RET}, to view the documentation of that command or variable. Use |
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478 @kbd{C-c C-b} to retrace your steps. |
25829 | 479 |
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480 @cindex URL, viewing in help |
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481 @cindex help, viewing web pages |
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482 @cindex viewing web pages in help |
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483 @cindex web pages, viewing in help |
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484 @findex browse-url |
66614 | 485 You can follow cross references to URLs (web pages) as well. When |
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486 you follow a cross reference that is a URL, the @code{browse-url} |
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487 command is used to view the web page in a browser of your choosing. |
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488 @xref{Browse-URL}. |
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489 |
25829 | 490 @kindex @key{TAB} @r{(Help mode)} |
491 @findex help-next-ref | |
492 @kindex S-@key{TAB} @r{(Help mode)} | |
493 @findex help-previous-ref | |
494 There are convenient commands for moving point to cross references in | |
495 the help text. @key{TAB} (@code{help-next-ref}) moves point down to the | |
496 next cross reference. Use @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} to move point up to the | |
497 previous cross reference (@code{help-previous-ref}). | |
498 | |
499 @node Misc Help | |
500 @section Other Help Commands | |
501 | |
502 @kindex C-h i | |
503 @findex info | |
504 @cindex Info | |
505 @cindex manuals, on-line | |
506 @cindex on-line manuals | |
507 @kbd{C-h i} (@code{info}) runs the Info program, which is used for | |
508 browsing through structured documentation files. The entire Emacs manual | |
38488 | 509 is available within Info. Eventually all the documentation of the GNU |
25829 | 510 system will be available. Type @kbd{h} after entering Info to run |
511 a tutorial on using Info. | |
512 | |
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513 @cindex find Info manual by its file name |
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514 With a numeric argument, @kbd{C-h i} selects an Info buffer with the |
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515 number appended to the default @samp{*info*} buffer name |
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516 (e.g. @samp{*info*<2>}). This is useful if you want to browse |
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517 multiple Info manuals simultaneously. If you specify just @kbd{C-u} |
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518 as the prefix argument, @kbd{C-h i} prompts for the name of a |
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519 documentation file. This way, you can browse a file which doesn't |
25829 | 520 have an entry in the top-level Info menu. It is also handy when you |
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521 need to get to the documentation quickly, and you know the exact name |
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522 of the file. |
25829 | 523 |
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524 @kindex C-h F |
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525 @kindex C-h K |
25829 | 526 @findex Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node |
527 @findex Info-goto-emacs-command-node | |
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528 There are two special help commands for accessing Emacs |
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529 documentation through Info. @kbd{C-h F @var{function} @key{RET}} |
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530 enters Info and goes straight to the documentation of the Emacs |
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531 function @var{function}. @kbd{C-h K @var{key}} enters Info and goes |
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532 straight to the documentation of the key @var{key}. These two keys |
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533 run the commands @code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node} and |
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534 @code{Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node}. You can use @kbd{C-h K} to |
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535 find the documentation of a menu item: just select that menu item when |
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536 @kbd{C-h K} prompts for a key. |
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537 |
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538 @kbd{C-h F} and @kbd{C-h K} know about commands and keys described |
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539 in manuals other than the Emacs manual. Thus, they make it easier to |
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540 find the documentation of commands and keys when you are not sure |
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541 which manual describes them, like when using some specialized mode. |
25829 | 542 |
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543 @kindex C-h S |
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544 @findex info-lookup-symbol |
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545 When editing a program, if you have an Info version of the manual |
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546 for the programming language, you can use the command @kbd{C-h S} |
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547 (@code{info-lookup-symbol}) to refer to the manual documentation for a |
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548 symbol (keyword, function or variable). The details of how this |
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549 command works depend on the major mode. |
25829 | 550 |
551 @kindex C-h l | |
552 @findex view-lossage | |
553 If something surprising happens, and you are not sure what commands you | |
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554 typed, use @kbd{C-h l} (@code{view-lossage}). @kbd{C-h l} displays the last |
25829 | 555 100 command characters you typed in. If you see commands that you don't |
556 know, you can use @kbd{C-h c} to find out what they do. | |
557 | |
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558 @kindex C-h e |
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559 @findex view-echo-area-messages |
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560 To review messages that recently appeared in the echo area, use |
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561 @kbd{C-h e} (@code{view-echo-area-messages}). This displays the |
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562 buffer @code{*Messages*}, where those messages are kept. |
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563 |
25829 | 564 @kindex C-h m |
565 @findex describe-mode | |
566 Emacs has numerous major modes, each of which redefines a few keys and | |
567 makes a few other changes in how editing works. @kbd{C-h m} | |
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568 (@code{describe-mode}) displays documentation on the current major mode, |
25829 | 569 which normally describes all the commands that are changed in this |
570 mode. | |
571 | |
572 @kindex C-h b | |
573 @findex describe-bindings | |
574 @kbd{C-h b} (@code{describe-bindings}) and @kbd{C-h s} | |
575 (@code{describe-syntax}) present other information about the current | |
576 Emacs mode. @kbd{C-h b} displays a list of all the key bindings now in | |
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577 effect, showing the local bindings defined by the current minor modes first, |
25829 | 578 then the local bindings defined by the current major mode, and finally |
579 the global bindings (@pxref{Key Bindings}). @kbd{C-h s} displays the | |
580 contents of the syntax table, with explanations of each character's | |
581 syntax (@pxref{Syntax}). | |
582 | |
583 You can get a similar list for a particular prefix key by typing | |
584 @kbd{C-h} after the prefix key. (There are a few prefix keys for which | |
585 this does not work---those that provide their own bindings for | |
586 @kbd{C-h}. One of these is @key{ESC}, because @kbd{@key{ESC} C-h} is | |
587 actually @kbd{C-M-h}, which marks a defun.) | |
588 | |
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589 @node Help Files |
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590 @section Help Files |
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591 |
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592 The Emacs help commands described above display the state of data |
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593 bases within Emacs. Emacs has a few other help commands that display |
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594 pre-written help files. These commands all have the form @kbd{C-h |
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595 C-@var{char}}; that is, @kbd{C-h} followed by a control character. |
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596 |
25829 | 597 @kindex C-h C-c |
598 @findex describe-copying | |
599 @kindex C-h C-d | |
600 @findex describe-distribution | |
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601 @kindex C-h C-e |
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602 @findex view-emacs-problems |
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603 @kindex C-h C-f |
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604 @findex view-emacs-FAQ |
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605 @kindex C-h C-n |
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606 @findex view-emacs-news |
25829 | 607 @kindex C-h C-p |
608 @findex describe-project | |
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609 @kindex C-h C-t |
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610 @findex view-emacs-todo |
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611 @kindex C-h C-w |
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612 @findex describe-no-warranty |
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613 The other @kbd{C-h} options display various files containing useful |
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614 information. |
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615 |
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616 @table @kbd |
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617 @item C-h C-c |
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618 Displays the Emacs copying conditions (@code{describe-copying}). |
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619 These are the rules under which you can copy and redistribute Emacs. |
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620 @item C-h C-d |
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621 Displays information on how to download or order the latest version of |
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622 Emacs and other GNU software (@code{describe-distribution}). |
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623 @item C-h C-e |
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624 Displays the list of known Emacs problems, sometimes with suggested |
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625 workarounds (@code{view-emacs-problems}). |
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626 @item C-h C-f |
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627 Displays the Emacs frequently-answered-questions list (@code{view-emacs-FAQ}). |
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628 @item C-h C-n |
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629 Displays the Emacs ``news'' file, which lists new Emacs features, most |
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630 recent first (@code{view-emacs-news}). |
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631 @item C-h C-p |
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632 Displays general information about the GNU Project |
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633 (@code{describe-project}). |
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634 @item C-h C-t |
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635 Displays the Emacs to-do list (@code{view-todo}). |
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636 @item C-h C-w |
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637 Displays the full details on the complete absence of warranty for GNU |
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638 Emacs (@code{describe-no-warranty}). |
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639 @end table |
28433 | 640 |
641 @node Help Echo | |
642 @section Help on Active Text and Tooltips | |
643 | |
644 @cindex tooltips | |
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645 @cindex balloon help |
38745 | 646 When a region of text is ``active,'' so that you can select it with |
36185 | 647 the mouse or a key like @kbd{RET}, it often has associated help text. |
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648 Areas of the mode line are examples. On most window systems, the help |
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649 text is displayed as a ``tooltip'' (sometimes known as ``balloon |
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650 help''), when you move the mouse over the active text. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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651 On some systems, it is shown in the echo area. On text-only |
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652 terminals, Emacs may not be able to follow the mouse and hence will |
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653 not show the help text on mouse-over. |
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654 |
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655 @kindex C-h . |
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656 @findex display-local-help |
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657 @vindex help-at-pt-display-when-idle |
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658 You can also access text region help info using the keyboard. The |
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659 command @kbd{C-h .} (@code{display-local-help}) displays any help text |
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660 associated with the text at point, using the echo area. If you want |
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661 help text to be displayed automatically whenever it is available at |
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662 point, set the variable @code{help-at-pt-display-when-idle} to |
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663 @code{t}. |
52401 | 664 |
665 @ignore | |
666 arch-tag: 6f33ab62-bc75-4367-8057-fd67cc15c3a1 | |
667 @end ignore |