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author | Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org> |
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date | Sat, 22 Mar 2003 01:34:16 +0000 |
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25856 | 1 Building and Installing Emacs |
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2 on Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/ME |
25856 | 3 |
37710 | 4 Copyright (c) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
5 See the end of the file for copying permissions. | |
6 | |
39152 | 7 If you used WinZip to unpack the distribution, we suggest to |
8 remove the files and unpack again with a different program! | |
9 WinZip is known to create some subtle and hard to debug problems, | |
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10 such as converting files to DOS CR-LF format, not creating empty |
39152 | 11 directories, etc. We suggest to use djtarnt.exe from the GNU FTP |
12 site. | |
13 | |
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14 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0 or |
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15 later and nmake, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with Mingw |
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16 and W32 API support and a port of GNU make. You can use the Cygwin |
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17 ports of GCC, but Emacs requires the Mingw headers and libraries to |
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18 build (latest versions of the Cygwin toolkit, at least since v1.3.3, |
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19 include the MinGW headers and libraries as an integral part). |
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20 |
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21 Other compilers may work, but specific reports from people that have |
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22 tried suggest that the Intel C compiler (for example) may produce an |
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23 Emacs executable with strange filename completion behaviour. Unless |
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24 you would like to assist by finding and fixing the cause of any bugs |
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25 like this, we recommend the use of the supported compilers mentioned |
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26 in the previous paragraph. |
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27 |
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28 If you build Emacs on Windows 9X or ME, not on Windows 2000 or |
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29 Windows NT, we suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash. |
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30 |
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31 Please see http://www.mingw.org for pointers to GCC/Mingw binaries. |
25856 | 32 |
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33 For reference, here is a list of which builds of GNU make are known |
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34 to work or not, and whether they work in the presence and/or absence |
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35 of sh.exe, the Cygwin port of Bash. Note that any version of make |
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36 that is compiled with Cygwin will only work with Cygwin tools, due to |
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37 the use of cygwin style paths. This means Cygwin make is unsuitable |
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38 for building parts of Emacs that need to invoke Emacs itself (leim and |
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39 "make bootstrap", for example). Also see the Trouble-shooting section |
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40 below if you decide to go ahead and use Cygwin make. |
42901 | 41 |
42 In addition, using 4NT as your shell is known to fail the build process, | |
43 at least for 4NT version 3.01. Use cmd.exe, the default NT shell, | |
44 instead. | |
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45 |
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46 sh exists no sh |
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47 |
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48 cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5] |
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49 MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay |
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50 MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay |
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51 MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay |
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52 mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4] |
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53 cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5] |
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54 cygwin compiled make 3.78.1: fails[5] fails[2, 5] |
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55 cygwin compiled make 3.79.1: fails[3, 5] fails[2?, 5] |
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56 mingw32 compiled make 3.79.1: okay okay |
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57 |
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58 Notes: |
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59 |
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60 [1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount |
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61 emacs source with text!=binary. |
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62 [2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc. |
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63 [3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; cannot build with early |
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64 versions of cygwin. |
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65 [4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash. |
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66 [5] fails when building leim due to the use of cygwin style paths. |
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67 May work if building emacs without leim. |
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68 |
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69 * Configuring |
25856 | 70 |
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71 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the |
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72 nt subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available, |
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73 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler |
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74 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying |
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75 options on the command line when invoking configure. |
25856 | 76 |
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77 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available, |
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78 simply change to the nt subdirectory and run `configure' with no |
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79 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'. |
25856 | 80 |
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81 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure |
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82 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be |
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83 surpressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell. |
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84 |
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85 * Optional image library support |
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86 |
49565 | 87 To build Emacs with support for PNG images, the libpng and zlib |
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88 headers must be in the include path when the configure script is |
49565 | 89 run. This can be setup using environment variables, or by |
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90 specifying --cflags -I... options on the command-line to |
49565 | 91 configure.bat. Similarly, the jpeg-6b, libXpm, tiff and libungif |
92 headers need to be in the include path for support for those image | |
93 formats to work. The configure script will report whether it was | |
94 able to detect the headers. | |
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95 |
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96 To use the PNG support, zlib.dll (or zlibd.dll) and libpng.dll (or |
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97 libpng13.dll, or libpng13d.dll) must be on the PATH or in the same |
49565 | 98 directory as emacs.exe when Emacs is started. Similar instructions |
99 apply for other image libraries. Note that tiff support depends on | |
100 the jpeg library. If you did not compile the libraries yourself, you | |
101 must make sure that the jpeg library you install is the same one | |
102 that the tiff library was compiled against. | |
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103 |
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104 * Building |
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106 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for |
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107 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is |
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108 GNU make. |
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110 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages |
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111 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data |
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112 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages. |
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113 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but |
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114 until then we will just live with them. |
25856 | 115 |
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116 * Installing |
25856 | 117 |
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118 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `nmake install' |
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119 or `make install', depending on which version of the Make utility |
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120 do you have. |
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122 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was |
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123 built, but a different location can be specified either using the |
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124 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running |
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125 make, like so: |
25856 | 126 |
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127 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs |
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129 (for `nmake', type "nmake install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs" instead). |
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130 |
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131 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and |
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132 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs. |
25856 | 133 |
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134 * Trouble-shooting |
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136 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building |
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137 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old Mingw or W32 API |
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138 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs |
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139 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles |
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140 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also, |
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141 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying |
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142 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment. |
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144 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the |
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145 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version |
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146 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained |
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147 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some |
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148 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c. The W32 API |
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149 headers that come with Cygwin b20.1 are incomplete, and do not include |
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150 some definitions required by addsection.c, for instance. Also, older |
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151 releases of the W32 API headers from Anders Norlander contain a typo |
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152 in the definition of IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION in winnt.h, which |
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153 addsection.c relies on. Versions of w32api-xxx.zip from at least |
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154 1999-11-18 onwards are okay. |
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156 If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of |
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157 Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to |
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158 build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb |
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159 for Makefile's used by Emacs.) |
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160 |
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161 If you are using certain Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin version |
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162 1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so: |
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163 |
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164 configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__ |
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165 --ldflags -mwin32 |
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166 |
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167 However, the latest Cygwin versions, such as 1.3.3, don't need those |
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168 switches; you can simply use "configure --with-gcc". |
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169 |
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170 We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future |
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171 release. |
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172 |
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173 * Debugging |
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175 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is |
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176 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if |
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177 compiled with MSVC, or gdb if compiled with gcc. |
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178 |
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179 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects |
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180 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names |
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181 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For |
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182 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by |
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183 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again |
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184 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to |
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185 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name. |
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187 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the |
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188 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in the MSVC |
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189 debugger, Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that |
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190 prints out a readable representation of a Lisp_Object. (If you are |
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191 using gdb, there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which |
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192 provides definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. The |
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193 following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.) The output |
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194 from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger via the |
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195 OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should be |
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196 displayed in the console window that was opened when the emacs.exe |
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197 executable was started. The output sent to the debugger should be |
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198 displayed in its "Debug" output window. |
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200 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to |
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201 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, popup the QuickWatch |
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202 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the |
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203 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter |
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204 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run |
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205 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click |
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206 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should |
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207 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call |
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208 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack |
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209 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window |
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210 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will |
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211 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path. |
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213 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call |
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214 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call |
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215 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize |
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216 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs |
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217 procedure and try using debug_print again. |
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219 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the |
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220 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is |
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221 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be |
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222 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current |
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223 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts |
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224 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current |
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225 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched |
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226 threads. |
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228 COPYING PERMISSIONS | |
229 | |
230 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies | |
231 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the | |
232 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, | |
233 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission | |
234 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. | |
235 | |
236 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions | |
237 of this document, or of portions of it, | |
238 under the above conditions, provided also that they | |
239 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them, | |
240 and that any new or changed statements about the activities | |
241 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation. |