Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/picture-xtra.texi @ 82621:8bdedd5fc7a2
Move refcards from etc/ to etc/refcards/
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 22 Aug 2007 07:17:41 +0000 |
parents | 3d45362f1d38 |
children | 02b9a9aa5b0c |
rev | line source |
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70457 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
75348 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
70457 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @c | |
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5 @c This file is included either in emacs-xtra.texi (when producing the |
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6 @c printed version) or in the main Emacs manual (for the on-line version). |
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7 @node Picture Mode |
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8 @chapter Editing Pictures |
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9 @cindex pictures |
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10 @cindex making pictures out of text characters |
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11 @findex edit-picture |
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12 |
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13 To edit a picture made out of text characters (for example, a picture |
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14 of the division of a register into fields, as a comment in a program), |
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15 use the command @kbd{M-x edit-picture} to enter Picture mode. |
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16 |
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17 In Picture mode, editing is based on the @dfn{quarter-plane} model of |
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18 text, according to which the text characters lie studded on an area that |
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19 stretches infinitely far to the right and downward. The concept of the end |
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20 of a line does not exist in this model; the most you can say is where the |
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21 last nonblank character on the line is found. |
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22 |
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23 Of course, Emacs really always considers text as a sequence of |
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24 characters, and lines really do have ends. But Picture mode replaces |
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25 the most frequently-used commands with variants that simulate the |
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26 quarter-plane model of text. They do this by inserting spaces or by |
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27 converting tabs to spaces. |
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28 |
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29 Most of the basic editing commands of Emacs are redefined by Picture mode |
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30 to do essentially the same thing but in a quarter-plane way. In addition, |
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31 Picture mode defines various keys starting with the @kbd{C-c} prefix to |
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32 run special picture editing commands. |
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33 |
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34 One of these keys, @kbd{C-c C-c}, is particularly important. Often a |
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35 picture is part of a larger file that is usually edited in some other |
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36 major mode. @kbd{M-x edit-picture} records the name of the previous |
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37 major mode so you can use the @kbd{C-c C-c} command |
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38 (@code{picture-mode-exit}) later to go back to that mode. @kbd{C-c C-c} |
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39 also deletes spaces from the ends of lines, unless given a numeric |
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40 argument. |
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41 |
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42 The special commands of Picture mode all work in other modes (provided |
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43 the @file{picture} library is loaded), but are not bound to keys except |
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44 in Picture mode. The descriptions below talk of moving ``one column'' |
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45 and so on, but all the picture mode commands handle numeric arguments as |
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46 their normal equivalents do. |
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47 |
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48 @vindex picture-mode-hook |
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49 Turning on Picture mode runs the hook @code{picture-mode-hook}. |
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50 Additional extensions to Picture mode can be found in |
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51 @file{artist.el}. |
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52 |
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53 @menu |
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54 * Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode. |
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55 * Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion |
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56 after "self-inserting" characters. |
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57 * Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation. |
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58 * Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles. |
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59 @end menu |
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60 |
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61 @node Basic Picture |
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62 @section Basic Editing in Picture Mode |
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63 |
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64 @findex picture-forward-column |
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65 @findex picture-backward-column |
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66 @findex picture-move-down |
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67 @findex picture-move-up |
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68 @cindex editing in Picture mode |
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69 |
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70 Most keys do the same thing in Picture mode that they usually do, but |
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71 do it in a quarter-plane style. For example, @kbd{C-f} is rebound to |
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72 run @code{picture-forward-column}, a command which moves point one |
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73 column to the right, inserting a space if necessary so that the actual |
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74 end of the line makes no difference. @kbd{C-b} is rebound to run |
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75 @code{picture-backward-column}, which always moves point left one |
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76 column, converting a tab to multiple spaces if necessary. @kbd{C-n} and |
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77 @kbd{C-p} are rebound to run @code{picture-move-down} and |
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78 @code{picture-move-up}, which can either insert spaces or convert tabs |
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79 as necessary to make sure that point stays in exactly the same column. |
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80 @kbd{C-e} runs @code{picture-end-of-line}, which moves to after the last |
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81 nonblank character on the line. There is no need to change @kbd{C-a}, |
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82 as the choice of screen model does not affect beginnings of |
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83 lines. |
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84 |
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85 @findex picture-newline |
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86 Insertion of text is adapted to the quarter-plane screen model |
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87 through the use of Overwrite mode |
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88 @iftex |
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89 (@pxref{Minor Modes,,, emacs, the Emacs Manual}.) |
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90 @end iftex |
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91 @ifnottex |
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92 (@pxref{Minor Modes}.) |
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93 @end ifnottex |
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94 Self-inserting characters replace existing text, column by column, |
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95 rather than pushing existing text to the right. @key{RET} runs |
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96 @code{picture-newline}, which just moves to the beginning of the |
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97 following line so that new text will replace that line. |
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98 |
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99 @findex picture-backward-clear-column |
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100 @findex picture-clear-column |
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101 @findex picture-clear-line |
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102 In Picture mode, the commands that normally delete or kill text, |
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103 instead erase text (replacing it with spaces). @key{DEL} |
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104 (@code{picture-backward-clear-column}) replaces the preceding |
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105 character with a space rather than removing it; this moves point |
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106 backwards. @kbd{C-d} (@code{picture-clear-column}) replaces the next |
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107 character or characters with spaces, but does not move point. (If you |
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108 want to clear characters to spaces and move forward over them, use |
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109 @key{SPC}.) @kbd{C-k} (@code{picture-clear-line}) really kills the |
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110 contents of lines, but does not delete the newlines from the buffer. |
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111 |
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112 @findex picture-open-line |
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113 To do actual insertion, you must use special commands. @kbd{C-o} |
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114 (@code{picture-open-line}) creates a blank line after the current |
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115 line; it never splits a line. @kbd{C-M-o} (@code{split-line}) makes |
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116 sense in Picture mode, so it is not changed. @kbd{C-j} |
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117 (@code{picture-duplicate-line}) inserts another line with the same |
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118 contents below the current line. |
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119 |
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120 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Picture mode)} |
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121 To do actual deletion in Picture mode, use @kbd{C-w}, @kbd{C-c C-d} |
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122 (which is defined as @code{delete-char}, as @kbd{C-d} is in other |
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123 modes), or one of the picture rectangle commands (@pxref{Rectangles in |
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124 Picture}). |
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125 |
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126 @node Insert in Picture |
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127 @section Controlling Motion after Insert |
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128 |
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129 @findex picture-movement-up |
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130 @findex picture-movement-down |
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131 @findex picture-movement-left |
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132 @findex picture-movement-right |
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133 @findex picture-movement-nw |
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134 @findex picture-movement-ne |
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135 @findex picture-movement-sw |
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136 @findex picture-movement-se |
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137 @kindex C-c < @r{(Picture mode)} |
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138 @kindex C-c > @r{(Picture mode)} |
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139 @kindex C-c ^ @r{(Picture mode)} |
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140 @kindex C-c . @r{(Picture mode)} |
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141 @kindex C-c ` @r{(Picture mode)} |
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142 @kindex C-c ' @r{(Picture mode)} |
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143 @kindex C-c / @r{(Picture mode)} |
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144 @kindex C-c \ @r{(Picture mode)} |
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145 Since ``self-inserting'' characters in Picture mode overwrite and move |
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146 point, there is no essential restriction on how point should be moved. |
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147 Normally point moves right, but you can specify any of the eight |
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148 orthogonal or diagonal directions for motion after a ``self-inserting'' |
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149 character. This is useful for drawing lines in the buffer. |
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150 |
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151 @table @kbd |
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152 @item C-c < |
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153 @itemx C-c @key{LEFT} |
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154 Move left after insertion (@code{picture-movement-left}). |
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155 @item C-c > |
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156 @itemx C-c @key{RIGHT} |
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157 Move right after insertion (@code{picture-movement-right}). |
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158 @item C-c ^ |
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159 @itemx C-c @key{UP} |
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160 Move up after insertion (@code{picture-movement-up}). |
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161 @item C-c . |
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162 @itemx C-c @key{DOWN} |
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163 Move down after insertion (@code{picture-movement-down}). |
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164 @item C-c ` |
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165 @itemx C-c @key{HOME} |
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166 Move up and left (``northwest'') after insertion (@code{picture-movement-nw}). |
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167 @item C-c ' |
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168 @itemx C-c @key{PAGEUP} |
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169 Move up and right (``northeast'') after insertion |
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170 (@code{picture-movement-ne}). |
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171 @item C-c / |
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172 @itemx C-c @key{END} |
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173 Move down and left (``southwest'') after insertion |
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174 @*(@code{picture-movement-sw}). |
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175 @item C-c \ |
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176 @itemx C-c @key{PAGEDOWN} |
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177 Move down and right (``southeast'') after insertion |
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178 @*(@code{picture-movement-se}). |
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179 @end table |
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180 |
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181 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Picture mode)} |
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182 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Picture mode)} |
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183 @findex picture-motion |
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184 @findex picture-motion-reverse |
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185 Two motion commands move based on the current Picture insertion |
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186 direction. The command @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{picture-motion}) moves in the |
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187 same direction as motion after ``insertion'' currently does, while @kbd{C-c |
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188 C-b} (@code{picture-motion-reverse}) moves in the opposite direction. |
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189 |
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190 @node Tabs in Picture |
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191 @section Picture Mode Tabs |
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192 |
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193 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Picture mode)} |
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194 @findex picture-tab-search |
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195 @vindex picture-tab-chars |
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196 Two kinds of tab-like action are provided in Picture mode. Use |
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197 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} (@code{picture-tab-search}) for context-based tabbing. |
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198 With no argument, it moves to a point underneath the next |
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199 ``interesting'' character that follows whitespace in the previous |
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200 nonblank line. ``Next'' here means ``appearing at a horizontal position |
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201 greater than the one point starts out at.'' With an argument, as in |
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202 @kbd{C-u M-@key{TAB}}, this command moves to the next such interesting |
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203 character in the current line. @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} does not change the |
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204 text; it only moves point. ``Interesting'' characters are defined by |
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205 the variable @code{picture-tab-chars}, which should define a set of |
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206 characters. The syntax for this variable is like the syntax used inside |
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207 of @samp{[@dots{}]} in a regular expression---but without the @samp{[} |
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208 and the @samp{]}. Its default value is @code{"!-~"}. |
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209 |
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210 @findex picture-tab |
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211 @key{TAB} itself runs @code{picture-tab}, which operates based on the |
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212 current tab stop settings; it is the Picture mode equivalent of |
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213 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. Normally it just moves point, but with a numeric |
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214 argument it clears the text that it moves over. |
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215 |
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216 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(Picture mode)} |
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217 @findex picture-set-tab-stops |
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218 The context-based and tab-stop-based forms of tabbing are brought |
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219 together by the command @kbd{C-c @key{TAB}} (@code{picture-set-tab-stops}). |
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220 This command sets the tab stops to the positions which @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} |
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221 would consider significant in the current line. The use of this command, |
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222 together with @key{TAB}, can get the effect of context-based tabbing. But |
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223 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} is more convenient in the cases where it is sufficient. |
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224 |
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225 It may be convenient to prevent use of actual tab characters in |
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226 pictures. For example, this prevents @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}} from messing |
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227 up the picture. You can do this by setting the variable |
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228 @code{indent-tabs-mode} to @code{nil}. |
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229 |
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230 @node Rectangles in Picture |
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231 @section Picture Mode Rectangle Commands |
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232 @cindex rectangles and Picture mode |
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233 @cindex Picture mode and rectangles |
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234 |
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235 Picture mode defines commands for working on rectangular pieces of |
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236 the text in ways that fit with the quarter-plane model. The standard |
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237 rectangle commands may also be useful. |
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238 @iftex |
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239 @xref{Rectangles,,, emacs, the Emacs Manual}. |
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240 @end iftex |
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241 @ifnottex |
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242 @xref{Rectangles}. |
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243 @end ifnottex |
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244 |
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245 @table @kbd |
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246 @item C-c C-k |
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247 Clear out the region-rectangle with spaces |
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248 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}). With argument, delete the text. |
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249 @item C-c C-w @var{r} |
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250 Similar, but save rectangle contents in register @var{r} first |
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251 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}). |
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252 @item C-c C-y |
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253 Copy last killed rectangle into the buffer by overwriting, with upper |
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254 left corner at point (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}). With argument, |
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255 insert instead. |
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256 @item C-c C-x @var{r} |
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257 Similar, but use the rectangle in register @var{r} |
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258 (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}). |
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259 @end table |
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260 |
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261 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Picture mode)} |
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262 @kindex C-c C-w @r{(Picture mode)} |
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263 @findex picture-clear-rectangle |
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264 @findex picture-clear-rectangle-to-register |
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265 The picture rectangle commands @kbd{C-c C-k} |
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266 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle}) and @kbd{C-c C-w} |
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267 (@code{picture-clear-rectangle-to-register}) differ from the standard |
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268 rectangle commands in that they normally clear the rectangle instead of |
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269 deleting it; this is analogous with the way @kbd{C-d} is changed in Picture |
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270 mode. |
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271 |
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272 However, deletion of rectangles can be useful in Picture mode, so |
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273 these commands delete the rectangle if given a numeric argument. |
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274 @kbd{C-c C-k} either with or without a numeric argument saves the |
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275 rectangle for @kbd{C-c C-y}. |
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276 |
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277 @kindex C-c C-y @r{(Picture mode)} |
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278 @kindex C-c C-x @r{(Picture mode)} |
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279 @findex picture-yank-rectangle |
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280 @findex picture-yank-rectangle-from-register |
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281 The Picture mode commands for yanking rectangles differ from the |
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282 standard ones in that they overwrite instead of inserting. This is |
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283 the same way that Picture mode insertion of other text differs from |
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284 other modes. @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle}) inserts |
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285 (by overwriting) the rectangle that was most recently killed, while |
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286 @kbd{C-c C-x} (@code{picture-yank-rectangle-from-register}) does |
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287 likewise for the rectangle found in a specified register. |
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289 @ignore | |
290 arch-tag: 10e423ad-d896-42f2-a7e8-7018adeaf8c2 | |
291 @end ignore |