Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/gnus-faq.texi @ 80752:8e78c11def2d
(Shell Command Guessing): Mention dired-guess-shell-case-fold-search.
(Bug#417)
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 23 Aug 2008 18:54:05 +0000 |
parents | df78ca2d5385 |
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1 @c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 @c Uncomment 1st line before texing this file alone. |
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3 @c %**start of header |
79791 | 4 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, |
5 @c 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
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6 @c |
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7 @c Do not modify this file, it was generated from gnus-faq.xml, available from |
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8 @c <URL:http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/>. |
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9 @c |
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10 @setfilename gnus-faq.info |
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11 @settitle Frequently Asked Questions |
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12 @c %**end of header |
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13 @c |
25829 | 14 |
15 @node Frequently Asked Questions | |
16 @section Frequently Asked Questions | |
17 | |
18 @menu | |
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19 * FAQ - Changes:: |
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20 * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ. |
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21 * FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus. |
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22 * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the |
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23 first buffer Gnus shows you. |
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24 * FAQ 3 - Getting Messages:: Making Gnus read your mail |
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25 and news. |
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26 * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read |
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27 messages. |
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28 * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet |
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29 postings. |
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30 * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, |
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31 searching and deleting messages. |
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32 * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while |
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33 offline. |
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34 * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough. |
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35 * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster. |
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36 * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ |
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37 explained. |
25829 | 38 @end menu |
39 | |
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40 @subheading Abstract |
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41 |
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42 This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. |
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43 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at |
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44 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, |
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45 the Docbook source is available from |
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46 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/, http://sourceforge.net}. |
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47 |
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48 Please submit features and suggestions to the |
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49 @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org, FAQ discussion list}. |
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50 The list is protected against junk mail with |
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51 @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html, qconfirm}. As |
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52 a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can |
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53 also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to |
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54 @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org, faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org} |
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55 and @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss, browse |
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56 the archive (BROKEN)}. |
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57 |
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58 @node FAQ - Changes |
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59 @subheading Changes |
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60 |
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61 |
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62 |
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63 @itemize @bullet |
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64 |
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65 @item |
80597 | 66 2008-06-15: Adjust for message-fill-column. Add x-face-file. |
67 Clarify difference between ding and gnu.emacs.gnus. Remove | |
68 reference to discontinued service. | |
69 | |
70 @item | |
71 2006-04-15: Added tip on how to delete sent buffer on exit. | |
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72 @end itemize |
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73 |
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74 @node FAQ - Introduction |
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75 @subheading Introduction |
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76 |
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77 This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. |
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78 |
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79 Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented |
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80 as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade |
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81 now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of |
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82 that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The |
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83 original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA. |
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84 When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and |
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85 decided to rewrite Gnus. |
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86 |
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87 Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely |
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88 customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but |
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89 most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take |
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90 advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail |
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91 (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read |
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92 high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read |
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93 high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you |
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94 want. |
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95 |
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96 This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He |
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97 would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful |
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98 job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks, |
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99 Justin! |
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100 |
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101 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at: |
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102 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}. |
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103 This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext |
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104 versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio |
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105 State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below |
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106 if you want information on obtaining it in another format. |
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107 |
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108 The information contained here was compiled with the assistance |
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109 of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or |
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110 misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry. |
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111 |
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112 @node FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ |
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113 @subsection Installation FAQ |
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115 @menu |
80597 | 116 * FAQ 1-1:: What is the latest version of Gnus? |
117 * FAQ 1-2:: What's new in 5.10? | |
118 * FAQ 1-3:: Where and how to get Gnus? | |
119 * FAQ 1-4:: What to do with the tarball now? | |
120 * FAQ 1-5:: I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, | |
121 what are those? | |
122 * FAQ 1-6:: Which version of Emacs do I need? | |
123 * FAQ 1-7:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? | |
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124 @end menu |
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125 |
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127 @subsubheading Question 1.1 |
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128 |
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129 What is the latest version of Gnus? |
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130 |
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131 @subsubheading Answer |
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132 |
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133 Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's |
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134 hot! As well as the step in version number is rather |
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135 small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you |
80597 | 136 shouldn't miss. The current release (5.10.10) should be at |
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137 least as stable as the latest release of the 5.8 series. |
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138 |
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140 @subsubheading Question 1.2 |
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141 |
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142 What's new in 5.10? |
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143 |
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144 @subsubheading Answer |
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145 |
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146 First of all, you should have a look into the file |
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147 GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball, |
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148 there the most important changes are listed. Here's a |
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149 short list of the changes I find especially |
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150 important/interesting: |
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151 |
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152 @itemize @bullet |
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153 |
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154 @item |
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155 Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now |
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156 active by default. |
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157 |
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158 @item |
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159 Many new article washing functions for dealing with |
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160 ugly formatted articles. |
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161 |
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162 @item |
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163 Anti Spam features. |
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164 |
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165 @item |
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166 Message-utils now included in Gnus. |
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168 @item | |
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169 New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for |
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170 a complex trn-style thread tree. |
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171 @end itemize |
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172 |
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174 @subsubheading Question 1.3 |
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175 |
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176 Where and how to get Gnus? |
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177 |
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178 @subsubheading Answer |
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179 |
73269 | 180 Gnus is released independent from releases of Emacs and XEmacs. |
181 Therefore, the version bundled with Emacs or the version in XEmacs' | |
182 package system might not be up to date (e.g. Gnus 5.9 bundled with Emacs | |
80597 | 183 21 is outdated). |
73269 | 184 You can get the latest released version of Gnus from |
80597 | 185 @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz} |
186 or via anonymous FTP from | |
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187 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}. |
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188 |
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190 @subsubheading Question 1.4 |
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191 |
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192 What to do with the tarball now? |
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193 |
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194 @subsubheading Answer |
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195 |
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196 Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common |
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197 @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle. |
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198 (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from |
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199 @uref{http://www.cygwin.com} |
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200 which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the |
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201 tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from |
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202 @uref{http://www.winace.com}) |
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203 and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install |
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204 Gnus.) If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus |
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205 system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the |
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206 following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs: |
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207 |
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208 @example |
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209 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp") |
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210 (if (featurep 'xemacs) |
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211 (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/") |
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212 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")) |
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213 @end example |
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214 @noindent |
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215 |
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216 Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff |
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217 before this line, on MS Windows use something like |
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218 "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/"). |
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219 |
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221 @subsubheading Question 1.5 |
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222 |
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223 I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, |
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224 what are those? |
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225 |
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226 @subsubheading Answer |
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227 |
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228 Oort Gnus was the name of the development version of |
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229 Gnus, which became Gnus 5.10 in autumn 2003. No Gnus is |
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230 the name of the current development version which will |
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231 once become Gnus 5.12 or Gnus 6. (If you're wondering why |
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232 not 5.11, the odd version numbers are normally used for |
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233 the Gnus versions bundled with Emacs) |
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234 |
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236 @subsubheading Question 1.6 |
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237 |
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238 Which version of Emacs do I need? |
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239 |
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240 @subsubheading Answer |
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241 |
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242 Gnus 5.10 requires an Emacs version that is greater than or equal |
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243 to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1. |
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244 The development versions of Gnus (aka No Gnus) requires Emacs 21 |
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245 or XEmacs 21.4. |
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246 |
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248 @subsubheading Question 1.7 |
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249 |
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250 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? |
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251 |
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252 @subsubheading Answer |
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253 |
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254 You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp |
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255 files are byte-compiled to a format which is different |
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256 depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy |
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257 of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs. |
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258 |
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259 @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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260 @subsection Startup / Group buffer |
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261 |
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262 @menu |
80597 | 263 * FAQ 2-1:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save |
264 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and | |
265 how to prevent it? | |
266 * FAQ 2-2:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, | |
267 what's this? | |
268 * FAQ 2-3:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? | |
269 * FAQ 2-4:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to | |
270 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse through | |
271 them? | |
272 * FAQ 2-5:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to | |
273 sort the groups in a topic? | |
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274 @end menu |
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275 |
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277 @subsubheading Question 2.1 |
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278 |
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279 Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save |
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280 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean |
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281 and how to prevent it? |
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282 |
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283 @subsubheading Answer |
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284 |
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285 This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it |
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286 wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its |
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287 informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you |
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288 are now asked if you want to restore those informations |
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289 from the auto-save file. |
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290 |
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291 To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus |
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292 via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of |
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293 just killing Emacs. |
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294 |
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296 @subsubheading Question 2.2 |
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297 |
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298 Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, |
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299 what's this? |
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300 |
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301 @subsubheading Answer |
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302 |
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303 You get the message described in the q/a pair above while |
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304 starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same |
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305 problem, so read the answer above. |
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306 |
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308 @subsubheading Question 2.3 |
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309 |
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310 How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? |
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311 |
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312 @subsubheading Answer |
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313 |
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314 You've got to tweak the value of the variable |
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315 gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line |
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316 Specification" for information on how to do this. An |
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317 example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)): |
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318 |
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319 @example |
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320 (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n") |
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321 @end example |
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322 @noindent |
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323 |
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325 @subsubheading Question 2.4 |
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326 |
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327 My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to |
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328 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse |
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329 through them? |
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330 |
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331 @subsubheading Answer |
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332 |
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333 Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your |
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334 groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with |
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335 Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under |
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336 the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under |
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337 the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music. |
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338 |
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339 To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now |
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340 you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic |
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341 at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to |
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342 a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the |
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343 menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the |
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344 beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have |
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345 the groups nicely indented. |
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346 |
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348 @subsubheading Question 2.5 |
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349 |
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350 How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to |
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351 sort the groups in a topic? |
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352 |
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353 @subsubheading Answer |
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354 |
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355 Move point over the group you want to move and |
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356 hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the |
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357 place where you want the group to be and |
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358 hit @samp{C-y}. |
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359 |
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360 @node FAQ 3 - Getting Messages |
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361 @subsection Getting Messages |
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362 |
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363 @menu |
80597 | 364 * FAQ 3-1:: I just installed Gnus, started it via @samp{M-x gnus} |
365 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? | |
366 * FAQ 3-2:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what | |
367 ~/.gnus.el means. | |
368 * FAQ 3-3:: My news server requires authentication, how to store | |
369 user name and password on disk? | |
370 * FAQ 3-4:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to | |
371 subscribe to a group. | |
372 * FAQ 3-5:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed | |
373 to post on this server as well as I am, what's that? | |
374 * FAQ 3-6:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this | |
375 possible? | |
376 * FAQ 3-7:: And how about local spool files? | |
377 * FAQ 3-8:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to | |
378 read my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it? | |
379 * FAQ 3-9:: And what about IMAP? | |
380 * FAQ 3-10:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, | |
381 can I use Gnus to read my mail from it? | |
382 * FAQ 3-11:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it | |
383 retrieves via POP3? | |
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384 @end menu |
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385 |
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387 @subsubheading Question 3.1 |
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388 |
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389 I just installed Gnus, started it via |
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390 @samp{M-x gnus} |
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391 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? |
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392 |
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393 @subsubheading Answer |
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394 |
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395 You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read |
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396 the documentation for information on how to do this. As a |
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397 first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus.el: |
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398 |
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399 @example |
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400 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net")) |
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401 (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net") |
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402 (setq user-full-name "Your Name") |
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403 @end example |
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404 @noindent |
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405 |
80597 | 406 @node FAQ 3-2 |
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407 @subsubheading Question 3.2 |
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408 |
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409 I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el means. |
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410 |
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411 @subsubheading Answer |
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412 |
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413 The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look |
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414 for the configuration files. However, you don't really |
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415 need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows |
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416 what it means :-) You can type |
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417 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET } |
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418 (yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and |
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419 Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most |
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420 likely be new, and thus empty.) |
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421 However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the |
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422 directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what |
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423 you want, so let's do it the correct way. |
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424 The first thing you've got to do is to |
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425 create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name |
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426 please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment |
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427 variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x |
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428 or Me include the line |
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429 |
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430 @example |
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431 SET HOME=C:\myhome |
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432 @end example |
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433 @noindent |
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434 |
78098 | 435 in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, hit |
80597 | 436 Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it doesn't work, go |
437 to Control Panel -> System -> Advanced). There you'll find the | |
438 possibility to set environment variables. Create a new one with | |
439 name HOME and value C:\myhome. Rebooting is not necessary. | |
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440 |
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441 Now to create ~/.gnus.el, say |
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442 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET C-x C-s}. |
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443 in Emacs. |
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444 |
80597 | 445 @node FAQ 3-3 |
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446 @subsubheading Question 3.3 |
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447 |
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448 My news server requires authentication, how to store |
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449 user name and password on disk? |
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450 |
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451 @subsubheading Answer |
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452 |
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453 Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this |
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454 |
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455 @example |
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456 machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword |
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457 @end example |
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458 @noindent |
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459 . |
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460 Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you |
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461 work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix |
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462 say |
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463 @example |
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464 chmod 600 ~/.authinfo |
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465 @end example |
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466 @noindent |
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467 |
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468 in a shell.) |
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469 |
80597 | 470 @node FAQ 3-4 |
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471 @subsubheading Question 3.4 |
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472 |
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473 Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to |
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474 subscribe to a group. |
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475 |
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476 @subsubheading Answer |
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477 |
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478 If you know the name of the group say @samp{U |
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479 name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the |
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480 tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer, |
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481 this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the |
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482 cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, |
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483 hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group |
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484 you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u} |
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485 to subscribe to it. |
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486 |
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488 @subsubheading Question 3.5 |
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489 |
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490 Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to |
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491 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? |
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492 |
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493 @subsubheading Answer |
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494 |
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495 Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full |
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496 access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo |
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497 to those servers append |
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498 |
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499 @example |
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500 force yes |
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501 @end example |
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502 @noindent |
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503 |
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504 to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo. |
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505 |
80597 | 506 @node FAQ 3-6 |
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507 @subsubheading Question 3.6 |
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508 |
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509 I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? |
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510 |
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511 @subsubheading Answer |
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512 |
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513 Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the |
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514 variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like |
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515 this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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516 |
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517 @example |
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518 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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519 '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net")) |
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520 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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521 '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net")) |
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522 @end example |
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523 @noindent |
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524 |
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526 @subsubheading Question 3.7 |
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527 |
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528 And how about local spool files? |
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529 |
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530 @subsubheading Answer |
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531 |
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532 No problem, this is just one more select method called |
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533 nnspool, so you want this: |
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534 |
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535 @example |
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536 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool "")) |
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537 @end example |
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538 @noindent |
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539 |
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540 Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source: |
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541 |
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542 @example |
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543 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) |
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544 @end example |
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545 @noindent |
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546 |
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547 Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you |
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548 want something different, change the line above to something like this: |
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549 |
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550 @example |
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551 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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552 '(nnspool "" |
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553 (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir"))) |
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554 @end example |
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555 @noindent |
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556 |
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557 This sets the spool directory for this server only. |
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558 You might have to specify more stuff like the program used |
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559 to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this. |
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560 |
80597 | 561 @node FAQ 3-8 |
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562 @subsubheading Question 3.8 |
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563 |
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564 OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail |
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565 with Gnus, too. How to do it? |
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566 |
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567 @subsubheading Answer |
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568 |
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569 That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources |
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570 for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many |
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571 different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are |
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572 these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and |
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573 send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like |
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574 fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from |
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575 where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by |
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576 Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even |
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577 need a combination of the above cases. |
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578 |
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579 However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way |
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580 it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end |
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581 to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most |
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582 commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file |
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583 and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one |
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584 file per group approach if your file system has problems with |
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585 many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the |
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586 choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus.el: |
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587 |
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588 @example |
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589 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml "")) |
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590 @end example |
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591 @noindent |
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592 |
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593 As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's |
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594 |
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595 @example |
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596 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder "")) |
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597 @end example |
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598 @noindent |
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599 |
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600 Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If |
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601 it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this: |
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602 |
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603 @example |
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604 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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605 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net" |
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606 :user "yourUserName" |
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607 :password "yourPassword"))) |
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608 @end example |
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609 @noindent |
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610 |
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611 Make sure ~/.gnus.el isn't readable to others if you store |
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612 your password there. If you want to read your mail from a |
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613 traditional spool file on your local machine, it's |
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614 |
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615 @example |
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616 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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617 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file")) |
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618 @end example |
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619 @noindent |
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620 |
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621 If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by |
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622 postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's |
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623 |
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624 @example |
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625 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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626 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/" |
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627 :subdirs ("cur" "new"))) |
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628 @end example |
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629 @noindent |
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630 |
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631 And finally if you want to read your mail from several files |
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632 in one directory, for example because procmail already split your |
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633 mail, it's |
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634 |
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635 @example |
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636 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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637 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources |
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638 '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/" |
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639 :suffix ".prcml"))) |
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640 @end example |
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641 @noindent |
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642 |
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643 Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the |
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644 suffix .prcml. |
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645 |
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646 OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you |
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647 want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing |
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648 the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do |
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649 anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an |
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650 SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus.el |
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651 |
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652 @example |
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653 (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) |
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654 (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) |
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655 (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net") |
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656 @end example |
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657 @noindent |
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658 |
80597 | 659 @node FAQ 3-9 |
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660 @subsubheading Question 3.9 |
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661 |
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662 And what about IMAP? |
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663 |
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664 @subsubheading Answer |
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665 |
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666 There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is |
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667 to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from |
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668 the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do |
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669 this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to |
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670 ~/.gnus.el |
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671 |
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672 @example |
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673 (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" |
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674 :user "username" |
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675 :pass "password" |
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676 :stream network |
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677 :authentication login |
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678 :mailbox "INBOX" |
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679 :fetchflag "\\Seen")) |
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680 @end example |
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681 @noindent |
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682 |
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683 You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or |
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684 authentication, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source |
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685 Specifiers" for possible values. |
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686 |
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687 If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to |
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688 follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap |
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689 back end to your select method and give the information |
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690 about the server there. |
25829 | 691 |
692 @example | |
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693 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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694 '(nnimap "Give the baby a name" |
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695 (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net") |
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696 (nnimap-port 143) |
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697 (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*"))) |
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698 @end example |
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699 @noindent |
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700 |
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701 Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the |
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702 server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual |
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703 Node "IMAP" for detailed information. |
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704 |
80597 | 705 @node FAQ 3-10 |
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706 @subsubheading Question 3.10 |
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707 |
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708 At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use |
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709 Gnus to read my mail from it? |
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710 |
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711 @subsubheading Answer |
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712 |
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713 Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for |
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714 activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions |
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715 above. |
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716 |
80597 | 717 @node FAQ 3-11 |
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718 @subsubheading Question 3.11 |
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719 |
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720 Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it |
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721 retrieves via POP3? |
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722 |
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723 @subsubheading Answer |
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724 |
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725 First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, |
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726 if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP |
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727 Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the |
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728 server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you |
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729 need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined |
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730 functionality to do so. |
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731 |
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732 However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to |
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733 achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external |
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734 program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them |
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735 on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you |
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736 could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use |
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737 Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server. |
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738 |
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739 The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus |
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740 uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable |
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741 of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get |
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742 the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el, |
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743 look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell |
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744 Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For |
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745 GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same |
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746 (If you know the home of this file, please send me an |
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747 e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program |
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748 (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node |
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749 "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do |
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750 it. |
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751 |
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752 @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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753 @subsection Reading messages |
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754 |
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755 @menu |
80597 | 756 * FAQ 4-1:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to |
757 view them again? | |
758 * FAQ 4-2:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time | |
759 I enter a group, even when it's read? | |
760 * FAQ 4-3:: How to view the headers of a message? | |
761 * FAQ 4-4:: How to view the raw unformatted message? | |
762 * FAQ 4-5:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at | |
763 the top of the article buffer? | |
764 * FAQ 4-6:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the | |
765 text part if it's available. How to do it? | |
766 * FAQ 4-7:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my | |
767 HTML-mails? | |
768 * FAQ 4-8:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted | |
769 mails more readable? | |
770 * FAQ 4-9:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific | |
771 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I | |
772 highlight more interesting ones in some way? | |
773 * FAQ 4-10:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, | |
774 or set other variables specific for some groups? | |
775 * FAQ 4-11:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to | |
776 those? | |
777 * FAQ 4-12:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus | |
778 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail | |
779 groups. Is this a bug? | |
780 * FAQ 4-13:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, | |
781 how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? | |
782 * FAQ 4-14:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to | |
783 tweak it? | |
784 * FAQ 4-15:: How to split incoming mails in several groups? | |
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785 @end menu |
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786 |
80597 | 787 @node FAQ 4-1 |
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788 @subsubheading Question 4.1 |
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789 |
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790 When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again? |
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791 |
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792 @subsubheading Answer |
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793 |
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794 If you enter the group by saying |
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795 @samp{RET} |
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796 in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say |
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797 @samp{C-u RET} |
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798 instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say |
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799 @samp{C-u 300 RET} |
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800 |
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801 Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say |
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802 |
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803 @example |
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804 (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some) |
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805 @end example |
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806 @noindent |
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807 |
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808 in ~/.gnus.el to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load |
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809 all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is |
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810 fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group). |
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811 |
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812 If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say |
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813 @samp{/o N} |
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814 In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8 |
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815 |
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816 If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading, |
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817 you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread |
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818 the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend. |
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819 |
80597 | 820 @node FAQ 4-2 |
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821 @subsubheading Question 4.2 |
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822 |
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823 How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I |
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824 enter a group, even when it's read? |
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825 |
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826 @subsubheading Answer |
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827 |
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828 You can tick important messages. To do this hit |
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829 @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer |
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830 over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit |
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831 either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick |
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832 mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c} |
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833 (which deletes all marks for the message). |
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834 |
80597 | 835 @node FAQ 4-3 |
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836 @subsubheading Question 4.3 |
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837 |
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838 How to view the headers of a message? |
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839 |
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840 @subsubheading Answer |
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841 |
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842 Say @samp{t} |
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843 to show all headers, one more |
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844 @samp{t} |
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845 hides them again. |
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846 |
80597 | 847 @node FAQ 4-4 |
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848 @subsubheading Question 4.4 |
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849 |
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850 How to view the raw unformatted message? |
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851 |
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852 @subsubheading Answer |
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853 |
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854 Say |
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855 @samp{C-u g} |
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856 to show the raw message |
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857 @samp{g} |
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858 returns to normal view. |
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859 |
80597 | 860 @node FAQ 4-5 |
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861 @subsubheading Question 4.5 |
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862 |
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863 How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at |
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864 the top of the article buffer? |
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865 |
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866 @subsubheading Answer |
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867 |
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868 The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers |
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869 are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines |
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870 which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject, |
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871 date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA |
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872 say this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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873 |
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874 @example |
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875 (setq gnus-visible-headers |
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876 '("^From" "^Subject" "^Date" "^Newsgroups" "^Followup-To" |
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877 "^User-Agent" "^X-Newsreader" "^X-Mailer")) |
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878 @end example |
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879 @noindent |
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880 |
80597 | 881 @node FAQ 4-6 |
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882 @subsubheading Question 4.6 |
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883 |
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884 I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the |
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885 text part if it's available. How to do it? |
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886 |
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887 @subsubheading Answer |
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888 |
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889 Say |
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890 |
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891 @example |
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892 (eval-after-load "mm-decode" |
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893 '(progn |
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894 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html") |
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895 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext"))) |
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896 @end example |
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897 @noindent |
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898 |
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899 in ~/.gnus.el. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add |
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900 |
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901 @example |
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902 (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display)) |
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903 @end example |
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904 @noindent |
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905 |
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906 too. |
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907 |
80597 | 908 @node FAQ 4-7 |
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909 @subsubheading Question 4.7 |
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910 |
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911 Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? |
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912 |
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913 @subsubheading Answer |
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914 |
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915 Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the |
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916 choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which |
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917 one is used can be specified in the variable |
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918 mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your |
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919 mail say |
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920 |
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921 @example |
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922 (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links) |
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923 @end example |
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924 @noindent |
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925 |
80597 | 926 @node FAQ 4-8 |
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927 @subsubheading Question 4.8 |
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928 |
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929 Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails |
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930 more readable? |
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931 |
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932 @subsubheading Answer |
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933 |
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934 Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can |
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935 find them if you browse through the menu, item |
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936 Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap |
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937 long lines" (@samp{W w}), "Decode ROT13" |
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938 (@samp{W r}) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs |
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939 the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products |
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940 (@samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify. |
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941 See @samp{W Y C-h} or have a look at the menus for |
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942 other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since |
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943 Gnus 5.10. |
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944 |
80597 | 945 @node FAQ 4-9 |
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946 @subsubheading Question 4.9 |
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947 |
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948 Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific |
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949 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I |
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950 highlight more interesting ones in some way? |
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951 |
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952 @subsubheading Answer |
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953 |
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954 You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules |
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955 which assign each message an integer value. Depending on |
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956 the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if |
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957 it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the |
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958 value is low, say -800) or some other action happens. |
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959 |
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960 There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign |
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961 the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set |
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962 up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're |
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963 reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want |
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964 to ignore his messages in the future. Hit |
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965 @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score. |
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966 Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall |
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967 be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities, |
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968 we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from |
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969 header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want. |
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970 Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or |
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971 @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards |
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972 everything but the name to score down all authors with the given |
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973 name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell |
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974 Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g. |
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975 @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last |
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976 forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say |
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977 @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}. |
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978 |
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979 You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V |
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980 f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name |
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981 of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in |
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982 only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the |
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983 Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list |
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984 whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists |
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985 is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match, |
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986 which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the |
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987 matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the |
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988 following to your all.Score: |
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989 |
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990 @example |
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991 (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s)) |
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992 ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s))) |
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993 @end example |
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994 @noindent |
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995 |
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996 This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me |
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997 and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly |
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998 indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course |
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999 nobody with a sane mind would do this :-) |
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1000 |
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1001 The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus |
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1002 watches you and tries to find out what you find |
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1003 interesting and what annoying and sets up rules |
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1004 which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help |
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1005 when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate |
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1006 adaptive scoring say |
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1007 |
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1008 @example |
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1009 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t) |
25829 | 1010 @end example |
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1011 @noindent |
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1012 |
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1013 in ~/.gnus.el. |
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1014 |
80597 | 1015 @node FAQ 4-10 |
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1016 @subsubheading Question 4.10 |
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1017 |
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1018 How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or |
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1019 set other variables specific for some groups? |
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1020 |
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1021 @subsubheading Answer |
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1022 |
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1023 While in group buffer move point over the group and hit |
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1024 @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you |
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1025 can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer |
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1026 you'll find an item that allows you to set variables |
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1027 locally for the group. To disable threading enter |
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1028 gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as |
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1029 value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when |
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1030 you're ready. |
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1031 |
80597 | 1032 @node FAQ 4-11 |
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1033 @subsubheading Question 4.11 |
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1034 |
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1035 Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to |
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1036 those? |
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1037 |
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1038 @subsubheading Answer |
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1039 |
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1040 Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes |
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1041 in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we |
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1042 make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look |
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1043 like) for those postings, then we'll give them some |
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1044 special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new |
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1045 faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on |
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1046 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/node/view/224, my.gnus.org} |
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1047 |
80597 | 1048 @node FAQ 4-12 |
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1049 @subsubheading Question 4.12 |
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1050 |
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1051 The number of total messages in a group which Gnus |
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1052 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in |
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1053 mail groups. Is this a bug? |
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1054 |
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1055 @subsubheading Answer |
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1056 |
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1057 No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would |
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1058 mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' |
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1059 back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number - |
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1060 lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This |
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1061 works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move |
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1062 many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the |
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1063 symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET} |
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1064 (this makes Gnus get all messages), then |
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1065 hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and |
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1066 then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move |
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1067 all messages to the group they have been in before, they |
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1068 get new message numbers in this process and the count is |
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1069 right again (until you delete and move your mail to other |
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1070 groups again). |
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1071 |
80597 | 1072 @node FAQ 4-13 |
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1073 @subsubheading Question 4.13 |
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1074 |
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1075 I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how |
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1076 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? |
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1077 |
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1078 @subsubheading Answer |
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1079 |
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1080 You can control the windows configuration by calling the |
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1081 function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit |
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1082 complicated but explained very well in the manual node |
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1083 "Window Layout". Some popular examples: |
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1084 |
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1085 Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% |
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1086 article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining |
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1087 space"): |
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1088 |
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1089 @example |
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1090 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1091 '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0)))) |
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1092 @end example |
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1093 @noindent |
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1094 |
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1095 A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary |
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1096 buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right: |
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1097 |
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1098 @example |
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1099 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1100 '(article |
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1101 (horizontal 1.0 |
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1102 (vertical 25 |
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1103 (group 1.0)) |
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1104 (vertical 1.0 |
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1105 (summary 0.25 point) |
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1106 (article 1.0))))) |
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1107 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1108 '(summary |
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1109 (horizontal 1.0 |
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1110 (vertical 25 |
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1111 (group 1.0)) |
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1112 (vertical 1.0 |
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1113 (summary 1.0 point))))) |
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1114 @end example |
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1115 @noindent |
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1116 |
80597 | 1117 @node FAQ 4-14 |
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1118 @subsubheading Question 4.14 |
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1119 |
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1120 I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? |
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1121 |
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1122 @subsubheading Answer |
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1123 |
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1124 You've got to play around with the variable |
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1125 gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of |
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1126 symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject |
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1127 etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the |
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1128 manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten |
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1129 node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There |
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1130 you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and |
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1131 tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but |
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1132 sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8. |
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1133 |
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1134 Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, |
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1135 e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which |
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1136 gives you a date where the details are dependent of the |
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1137 articles age. Here's an example which uses both: |
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1138 |
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1139 @example |
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1140 (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n") |
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1141 @end example |
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1142 @noindent |
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1143 |
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1144 resulting in: |
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1145 |
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1146 @example |
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1147 :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06 |
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1148 :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12 |
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1149 :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16 |
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1150 :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01 |
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1151 :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34 |
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1152 :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24 |
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1153 :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33 |
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1154 :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49 |
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1155 :O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50 |
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1156 :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57 |
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1157 :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35 |
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1158 :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56 |
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1159 @end example |
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1160 @noindent |
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1161 |
80597 | 1162 @node FAQ 4-15 |
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1163 @subsubheading Question 4.15 |
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1164 |
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1165 How to split incoming mails in several groups? |
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1166 |
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1167 @subsubheading Answer |
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1168 |
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1169 Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy |
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1170 nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail |
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1171 Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to |
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1172 the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter. |
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1173 |
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1174 The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element |
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1175 is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has |
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1176 the form "group where matching articles should go to", |
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1177 "regular expression which has to be matched", the first |
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1178 rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a |
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1179 general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where |
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1180 articles should go which don't match any other rule. If |
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1181 the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon |
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1182 as an article lands there. By default the mail will be |
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1183 send to all groups whose rules match. If you |
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1184 don't want that (you probably don't want), say |
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1185 |
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1186 @example |
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1187 (setq nnmail-crosspost nil) |
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1188 @end example |
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1189 @noindent |
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1190 |
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1191 in ~/.gnus.el. |
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1192 |
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1193 An example might be better than thousand words, so here's |
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1194 my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a |
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1195 special group and that the default group is spam, since I |
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1196 filter all mails out which are from some list I'm |
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1197 subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me |
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1198 before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which |
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1199 reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers |
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1200 from using them): |
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1201 |
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1202 @example |
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1203 (setq nnmail-split-methods |
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1204 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") |
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1205 ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.invalid.*") |
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1206 ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.invalid.*") |
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1207 ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.invalid.*") |
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1208 ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.invalid.*") |
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1209 ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*") |
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1210 ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.invalid>$") |
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1211 ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid.*") |
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1212 ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.invalid\\|localpart@@workplace.invalid\\).*") |
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1213 ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*") |
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1214 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*") |
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1215 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*") |
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1216 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)") |
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1217 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)") |
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1218 ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*") |
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1219 ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.invalid$") |
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1220 ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com") |
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1221 ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.invalid") |
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1222 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA") |
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1223 ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.invalid.*") |
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1224 ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.invalid\\|adress@@two.invalid\\)") |
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1225 ("Spam" ""))) |
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1226 @end example |
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1227 @noindent |
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1228 |
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1229 @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1230 @subsection Composing messages |
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1231 |
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1232 @menu |
80597 | 1233 * FAQ 5-1:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending |
1234 mail and postings? | |
1235 * FAQ 5-2:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing | |
1236 messages? | |
1237 * FAQ 5-3:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, | |
1238 signature...? | |
1239 * FAQ 5-4:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on | |
1240 the group I post too? | |
1241 * FAQ 5-5:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly | |
1242 spell-checking? | |
1243 * FAQ 5-6:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting | |
1244 to? | |
1245 * FAQ 5-7:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't | |
1246 remember all those email addresses? | |
1247 * FAQ 5-8:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article | |
1248 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings, | |
1249 too? | |
1250 * FAQ 5-9:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in | |
1251 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in | |
1252 newsgroups? | |
1253 * FAQ 5-10:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? | |
1254 * FAQ 5-11:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and | |
1255 news, how to do it? | |
1256 * FAQ 5-12:: I want Gnus to kill the buffer after successful sending | |
1257 instead of keeping it alive as "Sent mail to...", how to do it? | |
1258 * FAQ 5-13:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why | |
1259 aren't they and how to fix it? | |
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1260 @end menu |
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1261 |
80597 | 1262 @node FAQ 5-1 |
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1263 @subsubheading Question 5.1 |
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1264 |
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1265 What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings? |
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1266 |
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1267 @subsubheading Answer |
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1268 |
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1269 To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m} |
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1270 either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's |
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1271 either @samp{a} in Group buffer and |
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1272 filling the Newsgroups header manually |
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1273 or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the |
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1274 group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail |
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1275 is |
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1276 @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the |
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1277 author, or import the cited text manually and |
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1278 @samp{R} to cite the text of the original |
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1279 message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's |
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1280 @samp{f} and @samp{F} |
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1281 (analogously to @samp{r} and |
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1282 @samp{R}). |
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1283 |
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1284 Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows |
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1285 this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready |
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1286 hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message, |
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1287 if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c |
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1288 C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you |
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1289 can start editing it again by saying @samp{D |
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1290 e}. |
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1291 |
80597 | 1292 @node FAQ 5-2 |
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1293 @subsubheading Question 5.2 |
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1294 |
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1295 How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? |
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1296 |
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1297 @subsubheading Answer |
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1298 |
80525 | 1299 Starting from Gnus 5.10.12, automatic word-wrap is already enabled by |
1300 default, see the variable message-fill-column. | |
1301 | |
1302 For other versions of Gnus, say | |
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1303 |
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1304 @example |
80525 | 1305 (unless (boundp 'message-fill-column) |
1306 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook | |
1307 (lambda () | |
1308 (setq fill-column 72) | |
1309 (turn-on-auto-fill)))) | |
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1310 @end example |
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1311 @noindent |
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1312 |
80525 | 1313 in ~/.gnus.el. |
1314 | |
80597 | 1315 You can reformat a paragraph by hitting @samp{M-q} |
1316 (as usual). | |
1317 | |
1318 @node FAQ 5-3 | |
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1319 @subsubheading Question 5.3 |
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1320 |
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1321 How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? |
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1322 |
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1323 @subsubheading Answer |
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1324 |
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1325 There are other ways, but you should use posting styles |
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1326 for this. (See below why). |
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1327 This example should make the syntax clear: |
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1328 |
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1329 @example |
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1330 (setq gnus-posting-styles |
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1331 '((".*" |
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1332 (name "Frank Schmitt") |
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1333 (address "me@@there.invalid") |
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1334 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") |
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1335 (signature-file "~/.signature") |
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1336 ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar") |
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1337 (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar"))))) |
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1338 @end example |
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1339 @noindent |
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1340 |
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1341 The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones |
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1342 (see below), valid values for the first element of the |
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1343 following lists are signature, signature-file, |
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1344 organization, address, name or body. The attribute name |
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1345 can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as |
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1346 a header name, and the value will be inserted in the |
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1347 headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header |
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1348 name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), |
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1349 then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar |
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1350 and the result will be thrown away. |
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1351 |
80597 | 1352 @node FAQ 5-4 |
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1353 @subsubheading Question 5.4 |
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1354 |
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1355 Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too? |
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1356 |
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1357 @subsubheading Answer |
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1358 |
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1359 That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" |
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1360 to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp |
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1361 like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied |
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1362 to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use |
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1363 ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings |
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1364 send to groups containing the string binaries in their |
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1365 name etc. |
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1366 |
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1367 You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function |
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1368 which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the |
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1369 corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting |
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1370 candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if |
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1371 the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding |
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1372 message-mail-p. |
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1373 |
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1374 Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in |
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1375 the example below, when I post to |
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1376 gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under |
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1377 ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and |
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1378 those under "^gmane" and those under |
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1379 "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because |
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1380 of this put general settings at the top and specific ones |
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1381 at the bottom. |
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1382 |
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1383 @example |
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1384 (setq gnus-posting-styles |
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1385 '((".*" ;;default |
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1386 (name "Frank Schmitt") |
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1387 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") |
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1388 (signature-file "~/.signature")) |
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1389 ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news? |
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1390 (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid") |
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1391 (reply-to "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")) |
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1392 ((message-mail-p) ;;mail? |
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1393 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")) |
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1394 ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact |
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1395 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid") |
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1396 (reply-to nil)) |
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1397 ("^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$" |
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1398 (eval (set (make-local-variable 'message-sendmail-envelope-from) |
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1399 "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))))) |
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1400 @end example |
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1401 @noindent |
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1402 |
80597 | 1403 @node FAQ 5-5 |
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1404 @subsubheading Question 5.5 |
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1405 |
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1406 Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? |
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1407 |
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1408 @subsubheading Answer |
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1409 |
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1410 You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the |
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1411 first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either |
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1412 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html, ispell} |
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1413 or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/, aspell} |
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1414 installed and in your Path. Then you need |
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1415 @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html, ispell.el} |
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1416 and for on-the-fly spell-checking |
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1417 @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html, flyspell.el}. |
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1418 Ispell.el is shipped with Emacs and available through the XEmacs package system, |
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1419 flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is |
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1420 available through the package system, so there should be no need to install them |
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1421 manually. |
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1422 |
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1423 Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say |
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1424 |
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1425 @example |
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1426 (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") |
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1427 @end example |
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1428 @noindent |
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1429 |
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1430 in your Emacs configuration file. |
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1431 |
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1432 If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say |
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1433 |
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1434 @example |
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1435 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) |
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1436 @end example |
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1437 @noindent |
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1438 |
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1439 In your ~/.gnus.el, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say |
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1440 |
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1441 @example |
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1442 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1))) |
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1443 @end example |
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1444 @noindent |
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1445 |
80597 | 1446 @node FAQ 5-6 |
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1447 @subsubheading Question 5.6 |
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1448 |
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1449 Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? |
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1450 |
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1451 @subsubheading Answer |
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1452 |
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1453 Yes, say something like |
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1454 |
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1455 @example |
25829 | 1456 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook |
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1457 (lambda () |
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1458 (cond |
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1459 ((string-match |
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1460 "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
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1461 (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8")) |
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1462 (t |
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1463 (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) |
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1464 @end example |
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1465 @noindent |
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1466 |
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1467 in ~/.gnus.el. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something |
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1468 that suits your needs. |
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1469 |
80597 | 1470 @node FAQ 5-7 |
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1471 @subsubheading Question 5.7 |
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1472 |
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1473 Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember |
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1474 all those email addresses? |
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1475 |
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1476 @subsubheading Answer |
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1477 |
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1478 There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. |
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1479 You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple |
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1480 alias syntax: |
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1481 |
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1482 @example |
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1483 alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.invalid>" |
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1484 @end example |
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1485 @noindent |
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1486 |
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1487 Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation |
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1488 character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will |
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1489 cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the |
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1490 node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for |
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1491 details. |
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1492 |
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1493 However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother |
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1494 Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from |
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1495 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's homepage}. |
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1496 Now place the following in ~/.gnus.el, to activate bbdb for Gnus: |
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1497 |
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1498 @example |
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1499 (require 'bbdb) |
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1500 (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message) |
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1501 @end example |
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1502 @noindent |
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1503 |
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1504 Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, |
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1505 place them in ~/.emacs: |
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1506 |
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1507 @example |
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1508 (require 'bbdb) |
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1509 ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the |
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1510 ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying |
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1511 (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil) |
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1512 ;;Tell bbdb about your email address: |
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1513 (setq bbdb-user-mail-names |
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1514 (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.invalid" |
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1515 "Your.other@@mail.there.invalid"))) |
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1516 ;;cycling while completing email addresses |
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1517 (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t) |
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1518 ;;No popup-buffers |
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1519 (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil) |
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1520 @end example |
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1521 @noindent |
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1522 |
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1523 Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET |
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1524 RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all |
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1525 entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new |
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1526 entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and |
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1527 @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an |
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1528 entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can |
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1529 also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and |
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1530 you are done. When you now compose a new mail, |
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1531 hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know |
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1532 recipients. |
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1533 |
80597 | 1534 @node FAQ 5-8 |
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1535 @subsubheading Question 5.8 |
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1536 |
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1537 Sometimes I see little images at the top of article |
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1538 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my |
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1539 postings, too? |
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1540 |
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1541 @subsubheading Answer |
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1542 |
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1543 Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w |
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1544 pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include |
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1545 one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a |
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1546 X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say |
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1547 Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the |
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1548 relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to |
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1549 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface |
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1550 package from |
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1551 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/, this site}. |
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1552 and create the actual X-face by saying |
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1553 |
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1554 @example |
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1555 cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | compface > file.face |
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1556 cat file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\"/\\\"/g;' > file.face.quoted |
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1557 @end example |
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1558 @noindent |
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1559 |
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1560 If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at |
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1561 @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}. |
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1562 If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from |
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1563 @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}. |
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1564 Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by saying |
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1565 |
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1566 @example |
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1567 (setq message-default-headers |
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1568 (with-temp-buffer |
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1569 (insert "X-Face: ") |
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1570 (insert-file-contents "~/.xface") |
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1571 (buffer-string))) |
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1572 @end example |
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1573 @noindent |
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1574 |
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1575 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.10, you can simply add an entry |
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1576 |
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1577 @example |
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1578 (x-face-file "~/.xface") |
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1579 @end example |
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1580 @noindent |
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1581 |
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1582 to gnus-posting-styles. |
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1583 |
80597 | 1584 @node FAQ 5-9 |
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1585 @subsubheading Question 5.9 |
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1586 |
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1587 Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in |
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1588 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in |
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1589 newsgroups? |
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1590 |
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1591 @subsubheading Answer |
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1592 |
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1593 Put this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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1594 |
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1595 @example |
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1596 (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t) |
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1597 @end example |
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1598 @noindent |
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1599 |
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1600 if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or |
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1601 5.9 try this instead: |
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1602 |
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1603 @example |
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1604 (eval-after-load "gnus-msg" |
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1605 '(unless (boundp 'gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news) |
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1606 (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate) |
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1607 "Request confirmation when replying to news." |
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1608 (interactive) |
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1609 (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
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1610 (y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? ")) |
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1611 ad-do-it)))) |
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1612 @end example |
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1613 @noindent |
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1614 |
80597 | 1615 @node FAQ 5-10 |
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1616 @subsubheading Question 5.10 |
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1617 |
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1618 How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? |
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1619 |
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1620 @subsubheading Answer |
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1621 |
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1622 Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by |
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1623 default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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1624 |
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1625 @example |
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1626 (eval-after-load "message" |
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1627 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) |
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1628 @end example |
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1629 @noindent |
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1630 |
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1632 @subsubheading Question 5.11 |
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1633 |
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1634 I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and |
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1635 news, how to do it? |
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1636 |
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1637 @subsubheading Answer |
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1638 |
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1639 You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do |
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1640 this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the |
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1641 group where the copies shall go or like in the example |
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1642 below use a function which is evaluated and which returns |
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1643 the group to use. |
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1644 |
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1645 @example |
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1646 (setq gnus-message-archive-group |
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1647 '((if (message-news-p) |
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1648 "nnml:Send-News" |
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1649 "nnml:Send-Mail"))) |
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1650 @end example |
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1651 @noindent |
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1652 |
80597 | 1653 @node FAQ 5-12 |
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1654 @subsubheading Question 5.12 |
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1655 |
80597 | 1656 I want Gnus to kill the buffer after successful sending instead of keeping |
1657 it alive as "Sent mail to...", how to do it? | |
1658 | |
1659 @subsubheading Answer | |
1660 | |
1661 Add this to your ~/.gnus: | |
1662 | |
1663 @example | |
1664 (setq message-kill-buffer-on-exit t) | |
1665 @end example | |
1666 @noindent | |
1667 | |
1668 @node FAQ 5-13 | |
1669 @subsubheading Question 5.13 | |
1670 | |
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1671 People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why |
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1672 aren't they and how to fix it? |
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1673 |
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1674 @subsubheading Answer |
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1675 |
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1676 The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you |
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1677 send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine |
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1678 name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine |
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1679 where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't |
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1680 at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use |
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1681 by saying: |
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1682 |
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1683 @example |
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1684 (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld") |
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1685 @end example |
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1686 @noindent |
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1687 |
71225
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(Question 8.6): Update reference to the Gnus
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1688 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.9 or earlier, you can use this |
80597 | 1689 instead (works for newer versions as well): |
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1690 |
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1691 @example |
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1692 (eval-after-load "message" |
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1693 '(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this! |
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1694 (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn) |
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1695 (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn) |
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1696 (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.") |
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1697 (defun message-make-fqdn () |
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1698 "Return user's fully qualified domain name." |
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1699 fqdn)))) |
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1700 @end example |
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1701 @noindent |
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1702 |
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1703 If you have no idea what to insert for |
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1704 "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several |
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1705 choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows |
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1706 you to use something like |
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1707 yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use |
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1708 somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain |
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1709 yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which |
79277 | 1710 gives private users a FQDN for free. |
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1711 |
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1712 Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID |
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1713 for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying |
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1714 |
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1715 @example |
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1716 (setq message-required-news-headers |
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1717 (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers)) |
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1718 @end example |
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1719 @noindent |
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1720 |
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1721 you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying |
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1722 |
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1723 @example |
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1724 (setq message-required-mail-headers |
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1725 (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers)) |
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1726 @end example |
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1727 @noindent |
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1728 |
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1729 , however some mail servers don't generate proper |
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1730 Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves |
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1731 correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID. |
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1732 |
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1733 @node FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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1734 @subsection Old messages |
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1735 |
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1736 @menu |
80597 | 1737 * FAQ 6-1:: How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
1738 * FAQ 6-2:: How to archive interesting messages? | |
1739 * FAQ 6-3:: How to search for a specific message? | |
1740 * FAQ 6-4:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail? | |
1741 * FAQ 6-5:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in | |
1742 some groups). How to do it? | |
1743 * FAQ 6-6:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move | |
1744 them to another group. | |
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1745 @end menu |
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1746 |
80597 | 1747 @node FAQ 6-1 |
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1748 @subsubheading Question 6.1 |
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1749 |
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1750 How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
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1751 |
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1752 @subsubheading Answer |
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1753 |
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1754 The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to |
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1755 export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers |
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1756 are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows |
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1757 world, you may find tools at |
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1758 @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}. |
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1759 |
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1760 Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do |
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1761 this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by |
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1762 saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in |
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1763 Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your |
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1764 mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal |
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1765 Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've |
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1766 just created by saying @samp{C-u RET} |
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1767 (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all |
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1768 messages by saying @samp{M P b} and |
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1769 either copy them to the desired group by saying |
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1770 @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them |
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1771 through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying |
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1772 @samp{B r}. |
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1773 |
80597 | 1774 @node FAQ 6-2 |
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1775 @subsubheading Question 6.2 |
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1776 |
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1777 How to archive interesting messages? |
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1778 |
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1779 @subsubheading Answer |
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1780 |
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1781 If you stumble across an interesting message, say in |
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1782 gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several |
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1783 solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file |
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1784 by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't |
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1785 it be much more convenient to have more direct access to |
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1786 the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this |
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1787 snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in |
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1788 ~/.gnus.el: |
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1789 |
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1790 @example |
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1791 (defun my-archive-article (&optional n) |
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1792 "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g. |
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1793 `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes |
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1794 to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'. |
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1795 |
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1796 Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive |
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1797 more then one article." |
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1798 (interactive "P") |
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1799 (let ((archive-name |
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1800 (format |
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1801 "nnml:1.%s" |
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1802 (if (featurep 'xemacs) |
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1803 (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "") |
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1804 (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name))))) |
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1805 (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name))) |
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1806 @end example |
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1807 @noindent |
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1808 |
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1809 You can now say @samp{M-x |
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1810 my-archive-article} in summary buffer to |
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1811 archive the article under the cursor in a nnml |
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1812 group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end) |
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1813 |
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1814 Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying |
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1815 |
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1816 @example |
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1817 (setq gnus-use-cache t) |
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1818 @end example |
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1819 @noindent |
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1820 |
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1821 then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant |
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1822 mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read |
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1823 mark will remove them from cache. |
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1824 |
80597 | 1825 @node FAQ 6-3 |
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1826 @subsubheading Question 6.3 |
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1827 |
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1828 How to search for a specific message? |
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1829 |
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1830 @subsubheading Answer |
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1831 |
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1832 There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from |
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1833 a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask |
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1834 @uref{http://groups.google.com, groups.google.com}, |
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1835 if you found the posting there, tell Google to display |
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1836 the raw message, look for the message-id, and say |
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1837 @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a |
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1838 summary buffer. |
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1839 Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for |
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1840 groups.google.com which you can call with |
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1841 @samp{G W}) in group buffer. |
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1842 |
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1843 Another idea which works for both mail and news groups |
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1844 is to enter the group where the message you are |
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1845 searching is and use the standard Emacs search |
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1846 @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at |
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1847 articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to |
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1848 search bodies, too try @samp{M-s} |
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1849 instead. Further on there are the |
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1850 gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you, |
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1851 too. |
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1852 |
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1853 Of course you can also use grep to search through your |
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1854 local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and |
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1855 inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail |
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1856 in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end |
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1857 to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and |
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1858 others. You index your mail with one of those search |
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1859 engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough |
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1860 the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all |
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1861 messages which met your search criteria. If this sound |
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1862 cool to you get nnir.el from |
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1863 @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/} |
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1864 or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}. |
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1865 Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file. |
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1866 |
80597 | 1867 @node FAQ 6-4 |
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1868 @subsubheading Question 6.4 |
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1869 |
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1870 How to get rid of old unwanted mail? |
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1871 |
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1872 @subsubheading Answer |
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1873 |
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1874 You can of course just mark the mail you don't need |
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1875 anymore by saying @samp{#} with point |
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1876 over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL} |
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1877 to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of |
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1878 actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by |
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1879 saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which |
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1880 you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended |
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1881 way in Gnus. |
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1882 |
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1883 In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news |
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1884 server. That means you tell Gnus the message is |
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1885 expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail |
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1886 anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point |
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1887 over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the |
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1888 group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as |
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1889 expirable before and if they are old enough (default is |
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1890 older than a week) they are deleted. |
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1891 |
80597 | 1892 @node FAQ 6-5 |
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1893 @subsubheading Question 6.5 |
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1894 |
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1895 I want that all read messages are expired (at least in |
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1896 some groups). How to do it? |
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1897 |
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1898 @subsubheading Answer |
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1899 |
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1900 If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in |
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1901 mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've |
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1902 got two choices: auto-expire and |
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1903 total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article |
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1904 which has no marks set and is selected for reading is |
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1905 marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E} |
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1906 for you every time you read a message. Total-expire |
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1907 follows a slightly different approach, here all article |
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1908 where the read mark is set are expirable. |
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1909 |
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1910 To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the |
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1911 Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G |
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1912 c} in summary buffer with point over the |
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1913 group to change group parameters). For total-expire add |
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1914 total-expire to the group-parameters. |
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1915 |
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1916 Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: |
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1917 Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with |
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1918 Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature, |
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1919 you should use total-expire. |
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1920 |
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1921 If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in |
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1922 a group where total or auto expire is active, set either |
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1923 tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit |
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1924 @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you |
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1925 can also set the read mark (hit |
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1926 @samp{d}). |
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1927 |
80597 | 1928 @node FAQ 6-6 |
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1929 @subsubheading Question 6.6 |
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1930 |
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1931 I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them |
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1932 to another group. |
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1933 |
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1934 @subsubheading Answer |
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1935 |
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1936 Say something like this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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1937 |
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1938 @example |
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1939 (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") |
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1940 @end example |
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1941 @noindent |
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1942 |
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1943 (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target |
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1944 on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable |
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1945 threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other |
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1946 variables specific for some groups?") |
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1947 |
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1948 @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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1949 @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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1950 |
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1951 @menu |
80597 | 1952 * FAQ 7-1:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I |
1953 minimize the time I've got to be connected? | |
1954 * FAQ 7-2:: So what was this thing about the Agent? | |
1955 * FAQ 7-3:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do | |
1956 it? | |
1957 * FAQ 7-4:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings | |
1958 while I'm offline? | |
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1959 @end menu |
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1960 |
80597 | 1961 @node FAQ 7-1 |
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1962 @subsubheading Question 7.1 |
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1963 |
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1964 I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can |
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1965 I minimize the time I've got to be connected? |
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1966 |
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1967 @subsubheading Answer |
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1968 |
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1969 You've got basically two options: Either you use the |
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1970 Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install |
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1971 programs which fetch your news and mail to your local |
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1972 disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local |
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1973 machine. |
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1974 |
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1975 If you want to follow the second approach, you need a |
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1976 program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a |
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1977 program which does the same for mail and a program which |
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1978 receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them |
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1979 when you're online. |
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1980 |
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1981 Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, |
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1982 the easiest solution is a small nntp server like |
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1983 @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/, Leafnode} or |
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1984 @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/, sn}, |
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1985 of course you can also install a full featured news |
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1986 server like |
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1987 @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/, inn}. |
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1988 Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices |
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1989 are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/, fetchmail} |
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1990 and @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/, getmail}. |
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1991 You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and |
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1992 Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail |
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1993 sending part: This can be done with every MTA like |
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1994 @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/, sendmail}, |
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1995 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, postfix}, |
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1996 @uref{http://www.exim.org/, exim} or |
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1997 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, qmail}. |
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1998 |
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1999 On windows boxes I'd vote for |
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2000 @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/, Hamster}, |
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2001 it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches |
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2002 your mail and news from remote servers and offers them |
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2003 to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp |
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2004 respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp |
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2005 server for receiving mails from Gnus. |
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2006 |
80597 | 2007 @node FAQ 7-2 |
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2008 @subsubheading Question 7.2 |
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2009 |
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2010 So what was this thing about the Agent? |
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2011 |
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2012 @subsubheading Answer |
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2013 |
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2014 The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch |
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2015 mail and news and store them on disk for reading them |
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2016 later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline |
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2017 newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use |
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2018 the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus.el if you are |
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2019 still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10): |
25829 | 2020 |
2021 @example | |
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2022 (setq gnus-agent t) |
25829 | 2023 @end example |
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2024 @noindent |
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2025 |
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2026 Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be |
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2027 stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer |
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2028 (that is press @samp{^} while in the |
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2029 group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to |
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2030 the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the |
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2031 server by typing @samp{J a}. If you |
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2032 make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this |
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2033 action by typing @samp{J r}. When |
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2034 you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer. |
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2035 Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized |
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2036 server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from |
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2037 there the next time you enter the group. |
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2038 |
80597 | 2039 @node FAQ 7-3 |
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2040 @subsubheading Question 7.3 |
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2041 |
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2042 I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? |
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2043 |
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2044 @subsubheading Answer |
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2045 |
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2046 You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies |
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2047 of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is |
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2048 done in a special buffer which can be reached by |
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2049 saying @samp{J c} in group |
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2050 buffer. Please refer to the documentation for |
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2051 information which predicates are possible and how |
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2052 exactly to do it. |
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2053 |
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2054 Further on you can tell the agent manually which |
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2055 articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do |
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2056 this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a |
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2057 set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by |
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2058 saying @samp{#} with point over the |
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2059 article and then type @samp{J s}. The |
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2060 other possibility is to set, again in the summary |
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2061 buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you |
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2062 want by typing @samp{@@} with point over |
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2063 the article and then typing @samp{J u}. |
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2064 What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as |
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2065 soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable |
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2066 marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable |
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2067 marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in |
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2068 the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The |
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2069 only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of |
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2070 the headers for every selected group on an agentized |
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2071 server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial |
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2072 fetch session could take hours. |
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2073 |
80597 | 2074 @node FAQ 7-4 |
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2075 @subsubheading Question 7.4 |
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2076 |
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2077 How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings |
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2078 while I'm offline? |
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2079 |
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2080 @subsubheading Answer |
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2081 |
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2082 All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online |
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2083 (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest |
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2084 works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged |
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2085 state by saying @samp{J j} in group |
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2086 buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x |
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2087 gnus-unplugged} instead of |
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2088 @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to |
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2089 work, the agent must be active. |
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2090 |
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2091 @node FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2092 @subsection Getting help |
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2093 |
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2094 @menu |
80597 | 2095 * FAQ 8-1:: How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
2096 * FAQ 8-2:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g. | |
2097 attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? | |
2098 * FAQ 8-3:: Which websites should I know? | |
2099 * FAQ 8-4:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? | |
2100 * FAQ 8-5:: Where to report bugs? | |
2101 * FAQ 8-6:: I need real-time help, where to find it? | |
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2102 @end menu |
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2103 |
80597 | 2104 @node FAQ 8-1 |
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2105 @subsubheading Question 8.1 |
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2106 |
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2107 How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
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2108 |
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2109 @subsubheading Answer |
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2110 |
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2111 The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say |
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2112 @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the |
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2113 Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a |
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2114 full-text search with @samp{s}). Then |
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2115 there are the general Emacs help commands starting with |
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2116 C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list |
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2117 of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally |
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2118 @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you |
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2119 search through all available functions and @samp{M-x |
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2120 apropos} searches the bound variables. |
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2121 |
80597 | 2122 @node FAQ 8-2 |
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2123 @subsubheading Question 8.2 |
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2124 |
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2125 I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X |
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2126 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
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2127 |
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2128 @subsubheading Answer |
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2129 |
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2130 There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals |
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2131 for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages |
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2132 are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't |
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2133 really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in |
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2134 different info files, you should have a look in those |
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2135 manuals, too. |
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2136 |
80597 | 2137 @node FAQ 8-3 |
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2138 @subsubheading Question 8.3 |
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2139 |
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2140 Which websites should I know? |
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2141 |
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2142 @subsubheading Answer |
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2143 |
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2144 The two most important ones are the |
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2145 @uref{http://www.gnus.org, official Gnus website}. |
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2146 and it's sister site |
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2147 @uref{http://my.gnus.org, my.gnus.org (MGO)}, |
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2148 hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not |
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2149 really finished) tutorial and this FAQ. |
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2150 |
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2151 Tell me about other sites which are interesting. |
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2152 |
80597 | 2153 @node FAQ 8-4 |
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2154 @subsubheading Question 8.4 |
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2155 |
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2156 Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? |
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2157 |
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2158 @subsubheading Answer |
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2159 |
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2160 There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (also available as |
80597 | 2161 @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.user, |
2162 gmane.emacs.gnus.user}) which deals with general Gnus | |
2163 questions. If you have questions about development versions of | |
2164 Gnus, you should better ask on the ding mailing list, see below. | |
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2165 |
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2166 If you want to stay in the big8, |
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2167 news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus |
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2168 users (but chances for qualified help are much better in |
80597 | 2169 the above groups). If you speak German, there's |
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2170 de.comm.software.gnus. |
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2171 |
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2172 The ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) deals with development of |
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2173 Gnus. You can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name |
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2174 @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.general, |
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2175 gmane.emacs.gnus.general} from news.gmane.org. |
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2176 |
80597 | 2177 @node FAQ 8-5 |
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2178 @subsubheading Question 8.5 |
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2179 |
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2180 Where to report bugs? |
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2181 |
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2182 @subsubheading Answer |
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2183 |
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2184 Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start |
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2185 a message to the |
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2186 @email{bugs@@gnus.org, gnus bug mailing list} |
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2187 including information about your environment which make |
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2188 it easier to help you. |
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2189 |
80597 | 2190 @node FAQ 8-6 |
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2191 @subsubheading Question 8.6 |
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2192 |
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2193 I need real-time help, where to find it? |
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2194 |
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2195 @subsubheading Answer |
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2196 |
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(Question 8.6): Update reference to the Gnus
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2197 Point your IRC client to irc.freenode.net, channel #gnus. |
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2198 |
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2199 @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus |
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2200 @subsection Tuning Gnus |
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2201 |
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2202 @menu |
80597 | 2203 * FAQ 9-1:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
2204 * FAQ 9-2:: How to speed up the process of entering a group? | |
2205 * FAQ 9-3:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? | |
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2206 @end menu |
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2207 |
80597 | 2208 @node FAQ 9-1 |
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2209 @subsubheading Question 9.1 |
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2210 |
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2211 Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
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2212 |
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2213 @subsubheading Answer |
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2214 |
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2215 The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's |
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2216 active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus |
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2217 manual for things you might try to speed the process up. |
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2218 An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus.el (say |
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2219 @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus.el |
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2220 RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require |
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2221 statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with |
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2222 eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup |
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2223 time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your |
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2224 ~/.gnus.el: |
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2225 |
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2226 @example |
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2227 (require 'message) |
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2228 (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)) |
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2229 @end example |
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2230 @noindent |
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2231 |
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2232 then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If |
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2233 you replace it with |
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2234 |
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2235 @example |
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2236 (eval-after-load "message" |
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2237 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) |
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2238 @end example |
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2239 @noindent |
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2240 |
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2241 it's loaded when it's needed. |
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2242 |
80597 | 2243 @node FAQ 9-2 |
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2244 @subsubheading Question 9.2 |
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2245 |
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2246 How to speed up the process of entering a group? |
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2247 |
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2248 @subsubheading Answer |
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2249 |
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2250 A speed killer is setting the variable |
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2251 gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil, |
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2252 so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up |
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2253 building of summary say |
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2254 |
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2255 @example |
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2256 (gnus-compile) |
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2257 @end example |
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2258 @noindent |
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2259 |
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2260 at the bottom of your ~/.gnus.el, this will make gnus |
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2261 byte-compile things like |
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2262 gnus-summary-line-format. |
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2263 then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold |
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2264 by saying something like |
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2265 |
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2266 @example |
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2267 (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000) |
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2268 @end example |
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2269 @noindent |
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2270 |
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2271 in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK |
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2272 characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a |
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2273 recent GNU Emacs, you should say |
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2274 |
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2275 @example |
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2276 (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil) |
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2277 @end example |
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2278 @noindent |
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2279 |
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2280 in ~/.gnus.el (thanks to Jesper harder for the last |
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2281 two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8 |
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2282 or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary |
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2283 buffer generation, you definitely should update to |
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2284 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has |
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2285 been done. |
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2286 |
80597 | 2287 @node FAQ 9-3 |
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2288 @subsubheading Question 9.3 |
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2289 |
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2290 Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? |
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2291 |
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2292 @subsubheading Answer |
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2293 |
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2294 The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the |
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2295 messages you wrote by setting |
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2296 gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group |
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2297 instead of an archive group, this should bring you back |
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2298 to normal speed. |
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2299 |
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2300 @node FAQ - Glossary |
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2301 @subsection Glossary |
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2302 |
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2303 @table @dfn |
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2304 |
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2305 @item ~/.gnus.el |
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2306 When the term ~/.gnus.el is used it just means your Gnus |
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2307 configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus or |
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2308 specify another name. |
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2309 |
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2310 @item Back End |
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2311 In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer |
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2312 between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or |
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2313 whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface |
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2314 to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc. |
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2315 |
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2316 @item Emacs |
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2317 When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU |
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2318 Emacs or XEmacs. |
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2319 |
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2320 @item Message |
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2321 In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a |
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2322 Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter |
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2323 of which kind it is. |
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2324 |
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2325 @item MUA |
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2326 MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you |
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2327 use to read and write e-mails. |
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2328 |
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2329 @item NUA |
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2330 NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you |
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2331 use to read and write Usenet news. |
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2332 |
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2333 @end table |
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2334 |
52401 | 2335 @ignore |
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2336 arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8 |
52401 | 2337 @end ignore |