annotate etc/TUTORIAL.cn @ 58215:8f529503ae83

* xmenu.c (pop_down_menu): Remove global variable current_menu, extract pointer from arg with XSAVE_VALUE. (create_and_show_popup_menu, create_and_show_dialog, xmenu_show): Construct arg to record_unwind_protect with make_save_value.
author Jan Djärv <jan.h.d@swipnet.se>
date Sun, 14 Nov 2004 10:55:45 +0000
parents 695cf19ef79e
children fe937402466e 375f2633d815
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1 您正在阅读 Emacs 快速指南( Emacs tutorial )。请见页尾有关复制条件。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
2 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation.
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
3
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
4 Emacs 指令通常包含有 CONTROL 键(有时候以 CTRL 或 CTL 来标示)或是
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
5 META 键(有时候以 EDIT 或 ALT 来标示)。为了避免每一次都要写出其全名,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
6 我们将会使用下述的缩写:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
7
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
8 C-<chr> 表示当键入字元 <chr> 时 按住 CONTROL 键。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
9 因此,C-f 就是:按住 CONTROL 键再键入 f 。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
10 M-<chr> 表示当键入字元 <chr> 时 按住 META 或 EDIT 或 ALT 键。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
11 如果没有 META 、 EDIT 或 ALT 键时,则可以用
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
12 「按一下 ESC 键然后放开,再键入 <chr> 的步骤」
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
13 来作为替代。我们以 <ESC> 来表示 ESC 键。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
14
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
15 重要备忘录:要离开 Emacs 操作阶段( session ),键入 C-x C-c (两个字
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
16 元)。位在左侧边界的「>>」字元是让您可以试著使用的指令的提示。举例来说:
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
17 <<Blank lines inserted around following line by help-with-tutorial>>
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
18 [Middle of page left blank for didactic purposes. Text continues below]
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
19 >> 现在键入 C-v ( View next screen )以移到下个萤幕。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
20 (试试看,键入字元 v 时,按住 CONTROL 键)
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
21 从现在开始,您应该在每次阅读完目前的萤幕时做一次这个动作。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
22
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
23 要注意的是,当您从一个萤幕移到另一个时,中间会有两行重复;这样做是为了
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
24 提供一些连续性,让您可以接续地阅读文字。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
25
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
26 您需要知道的第一件事是如何在文字中移动。您已经知道了可以 C-v 来向前移
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
27 动一个萤幕。要向后移动一个萤幕,则键入 M-v (按住 META 键,然后键入 v
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
28 ,或是如果您没有 META 、 EDIT 或 ALT 键时键入 <ESC>v )。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
29
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
30 >> 试著键入 M-v 然后 C-v ,连续个几次。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
31
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
32 【现在您可以 C-v 指令移到后面「翻译」一节,以取得关於本文的翻译相关事
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
33 项;然后以 M-v 指令回到这里。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
34
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
35
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
36 * 摘要( SUMMARY )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
37 -------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
38
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
39 以下的指令在检阅萤幕时相当有用:【我们现在以「萤幕」来表示「显示档案内
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
40 容的区域」,因为目前是处在 Emacs 中的单窗格( window )显示状态,如果
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
41 是在多窗格的状态下,这里所介绍的指令则作用在「工作中的窗格」。有关於窗
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
42 格的介绍,请见窗格( windows )一节。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
43
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
44 C-v 向前移动一个萤幕/窗格
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
45 M-v 向后移动一个萤幕/窗格
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
46 C-l 清除萤幕/窗格,再重新显示所有文字,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
47 游标所在位置会显示於萤幕/窗格的中央。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
48 (是 CONTROL-L 而不是 CONTROL-1 )
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
49
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
50 >> 找出游标的位置,并注意其附近的文字为何。然后键入 C-l 。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
51 再次找出游标的位置,确认一下相同的文字现在也位在其附近。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
52
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
53 如果您的终端机有 PageUp 与 PageDn 键的话,您也可以使用它们来以萤幕为单
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
54 位地移动,但是使用 C-v 和 M-v 会比较有效率。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
55
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
56
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
57 * 基本的游标控制( BASIC CURSOR CONTROL )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
58 ------------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
59
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
60 萤幕到萤幕的移动是很有用,但是您如何移动到位於萤幕内文字中的特定位置呢?
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
61
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
62 有几种方式可以进行。您可以使用方向键,但是将您的手放在标准的〔键盘〕位
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
63 置,并且使用指令 C-p 、 C-b 、 C-f 和 C-n 将比较有效率。这些字元和四个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
64 方向键〔的功能〕是同等的,如下所示:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
65
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
66 前一行 C-p
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
67 :
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
68 :
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
69 向后移 C-b .... 目前游标位置 .... 向前移 C-f
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
70 :
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
71 :
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
72 后一行 C-n
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
73
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
74 >> 以 C-n 或 C-p 将游标移到图形的中央。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
75 键入 C-l 会看到整个图形显示在萤幕的中央。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
76
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
77 您会发现用字母所代表的意义来记忆它们很容易:P 表示 previous 、 N 表示
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
78 next 、 B 表示 backward 、而 F 则表示 forward 。您将「总是」用到这些游
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
79 标移动指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
80
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
81 >> 按几次 C-n 把游标往下移动到这行。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
82
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
83 >> 按几次 C-f 往前移到这行,然后再以 C-p 往后移动。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
84 看看当游标在本行中央时,C-p 的动作是怎样。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
85
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
86 每一个文字行都以一个 Newline 字元作为结束,它是用来与下一行作为分别。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
87 在您档案中的最后一行应该要有一个 Newline 来作为结束(但是 Emacs 并不一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
88 定需要它来编辑档案)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
89
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
90 >> 试著在一行开始的地方键入 C-b 。结果应该会移动到前一行的最后面。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
91 这是因为它往后移动时越过了 Newline 字元。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
92
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
93 C-f 也可以和 C-b 一样地越过 Newline 字元。【Newline 字元是「不可见
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
94 ( invisible )字元」,在编辑器中一般看不到它,这里只是告诉您:在行首
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
95 再往前走,那么游标会跑到前一行(如果有前一行的话);在行尾再往后走,那
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
96 么游标会跑到后一行(如果有后一行的话)。「越过 Newline 字元」会让游标
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
97 跑到另外一行。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
98
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
99 >> 多按几次 C-b,自己感觉一下游标在哪。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
100 然后按几次 C-f 回到这行的尾巴。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
101 再按一次 C-f 就可以移到下一行了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
102
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
103 当您移动游标穿越萤幕的上方或下方时,在边界外的文字会移位进入萤幕内。这
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
104 称为「卷动」。它让 Emacs 可以将游标移动到文字中的任意特定位置,同时
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
105 (游标)不会跑出萤幕外。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
106
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
107 >> 试著以 C-n 将游标越过萤幕下方,然后看看发生了什么事。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
108
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
109 如果一个字元一个字元地移动太慢的话,您可以一个字一个字地移动。M-f
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
110 (META-f) 往前移动一个字,M-b 则往后移动一个字。【对中文来说,则是移动
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
111 到下一个或下一个标点符号的所在。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
112
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
113 >> 键入一些 M-f 和 M-b。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
114
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
115 当您在一个字的中间时,M-f 会移动到这个字的尾巴。当您在字与字间的空白时,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
116 M-f 会移动到下一个字的尾巴。M-b 的效果相似,只是方向不同。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
117
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
118 >> 按几次 M-f 和 M-b,中间夹杂一些 C-f 和 C-b,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
119 这样子您就可以观察 M-f 和 M-b 在各种「位在字间或字元间」
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
120 的不同位置,所表现出来的行为。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
121
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
122 请注意 C-f 、 C-b 和 M-f 、 M-b 两对之间的相似性。「经常」的状况是:
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
123 META 字元是用来作为与「以语言定义出的单位(字、句子、段落)」有关的操
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
124 作,而 CONTROL 字元则是作用在「与您所编辑无关的『基本』单位(字元或行
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
125 等)」上。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
126
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
127 这个相似性在「行与句子」之间也同样适用:C-a 和 C-e 会将游标移动到「一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
128 行」的 开始和结尾处,而M-a 和 M-e 则将游标移动到「一句」的 开始和结尾
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
129 处。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
130
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
131 >> 试著按两次 C-a,再按两次 C-e。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
132 试著按两次 M-a,再按两次 M-e。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
133
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
134 看一下为什么重复的 C-a 指令会没有作用,而重复的 M-a 指令则继续移动到下
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
135 一个句子。虽然这并不能说是完全类比,但是其中每个指令的行为看起来都十分
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
136 自然。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
137
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
138 游标在文字中的位置也可以称作「点位( point )」。简单来说就是:游标表
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
139 现出萤幕中「点位」所在的文字位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
140
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
141 这里是一些简单「游标移动( cursor-moving )操作」的整理,其中也包括了
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
142 「字和句」的移动指令:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
143
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
144 C-f 往前移动一个字元
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
145 C-b 往回移动一个字元
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
146
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
147 M-f 往前移动一个字【中文是移动到下一个标点符号】
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
148 M-b 往回移动一个字【中文是移动到上一个标点符号】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
149
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
150 C-n 移动到下一行
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
151 C-p 移动到上一行
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
152
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
153 C-a 移动到行首
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
154 C-e 移动到行尾
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
155
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
156 M-a 移回句首
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
157 M-e 移到句尾
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
158
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
159 >> 练习几次这些指令。这些都是最常使用到的指令。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
160
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
161 还有两个重要的游标动作( cursor-motion )指令,M-<( META Less-than ),
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
162 移动到文字的最开始,以及M->( META Greater-than ),移动到文字的最后。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
163
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
164 在大部份的终端机,「<」是在 comma 上方,所以您必须要使用 shift 键来键
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
165 入。在这些终端机上,您必须使用 shift 键来键入 M-<;没有使用 shift 键,
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
166 您就变成键入 M-comma 了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
167
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
168 >> 现在试一下 M-< ,移到本快速指南的最开始。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
169 然后再重复地使用 C-v 回到这里。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
170
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
171 >> 现在试一下 M-> ,移到本快速指南的最后。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
172 然后再重复地使用 M-v 回到这里。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
173
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
174 如果您的终端机有方向键的话,您也可以用方向键移动游标。我们有三个理由建
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
175 议您学习 C-b 、 C-f 、 C-n 、 和 C-p :(1) 任何的终端机都能使用。(2)
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
176 一旦您使用 Emacs 相当熟练了,您会发现键入这些 CONTROL 字元,比起使用方
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
177 向键快多了(因为您不需要将手移开打字区)。(3) 一旦您使用这些 CONTROL
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
178 字元指令成为习惯,您也可以很容易地学会其他进阶的游标动作指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
179
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
180 大部份的 Emacs 指令接受数字参数;对大部份的指令而言,它的作用是指定重
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
181 复次数。您要指定一个指令的重复次数的作法是:先键入 C-u,然后在您键入指
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
182 令前,键入代表重复次数的数位。如果您有一个 META(或 EDIT 或 ALT )键,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
183 那么您还有另外一个替代作法来输入数字参数:按住 META 键时打入这数字。我
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
184 们建议您学习 C-u 的方法,因为它在任何终端机都可以使用。此一数字参数也
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
185 称作为「字首参数」,因为您在这参数所作用到的指令前键入它。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
186
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
187 举例来说, C-u 8 C-f 向前移动 8 个字元。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
188
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
189 >> 试著以一个数字参数来使用 C-n 或 C-p,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
190 只一个指令就将游标移动到这行的附近。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
191
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
192 大部份的指令使用数字参数来作为其重复次数,但是其中有些指令则是作为其他
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
193 用途。有几个指令(目前您尚未学到)将它作为旗标 -- 以一个字首参数的型态
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
194 出现,而不管其值为何,它们让这指令做些不一样的事。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
195
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
196 C-v 和 M-v 则是另一类的例外。当给定一个参数时,它们卷动「所指定的数量
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
197 的行(以行为单位)」,而不是以「萤幕」为单位卷动。举例来说,C-u 8 C-v
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
198 将显示萤幕卷动 8 行。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
199
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
200 >> 现在试著键入 C-u 8 C-v。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
201
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
202 这指令应该已经将萤幕向上移了 8 行。若您想将它再次地向下卷动,您可以在
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
203 执行 M-v 时给定一个参数。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
204
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
205 如果您正在使用 X 窗口系统,在 Emacs 窗口左手侧应该有一个称为「卷动轴」
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
206 的长方型区域。您可以用滑鼠在卷动轴按一下来卷动文字。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
207
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
208 >> 试著在「卷动轴内反白区域上」压一下中间钮。这应该会将文字卷动到
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
209 「由您所按一下滑鼠的地方」所决定的位置。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
210
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
211 >> 当按住中间时,试著将滑鼠上下移动。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
212 您会看到文字随著您移动滑鼠而上下移动。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
213
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
214
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
215 * 当 EMACS 发呆时( WHEN EMACS IS HUNG )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
216 -----------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
217
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
218 如果 Emacs 停止回应您的指令,您可以键入 C-g 来安全地停止它。您也可以使
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
219 用 C-g 来停止执行过久的指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
220
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
221 您也可以使用 C-g 来取消数字参数或您不想要完成的指令。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
222
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
223 >> 键入 C-u 100 以设定一个 100 的数字参数,然后键入 C-g。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
224 现在键入 C-f。它应该只会移动一个字元,因为您已经以 C-g
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
225 取消了参数。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
226
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
227 如果您已经不小心地键入一个 <ESC>,您可以 C-g 来取消它。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
228
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
229
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
230 * 无效化的指令( DISABLED COMMANDS )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
231 -------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
232
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
233 有一些 Emacs 指令被「无效化」了,因此初学者不会意外地使用到它们。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
234
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
235 如果您键入了某一个无效化的指令,Emacs 会显示一个讯息,说明这个指令是什
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
236 么,并且询问您是否想要继续,然后执行这指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
237
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
238 如果您真的想要试一下这个指令,那么在当 Emacs 询问您时,请键入空白。一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
239 般来说,如果您不想要执行这个无效化的指令,请以『n』来回答它。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
240
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
241 >> 键入 C-x C-l (这是个无效化的指令)
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
242 然后键入 n 来回答问题。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
243
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
244
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
245 * 窗格( WINDOWS )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
246 -------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
247
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
248 Emacs 可以有数个窗格,每一个显示它自己的文字。我们在稍后会解释如何使用
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
249 多重窗格。现在我们想要解释如何除去多余的窗格,然后回到基本的单窗格编辑。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
250 它很简单:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
251
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
252 C-x 1 One window (即,除去其他所有的窗格)。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
253
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
254 那是个 CONTROL-x 后面跟著数字 1 。C-x 1 将含有游标的窗格扩大到整个萤幕。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
255 它将所有其他的窗格除去。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
256
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
257 >> 移动游标到本行并且键入 C-u 0 C-l。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
258 >> 键入 CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
259 看看这个窗格在当一个新的窗格出现
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
260 (以显示有关 CONTROL-f 指令的文档时),它是如何缩小的。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
261
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
262 >> 键入 C-x 1 以使文档列表窗格消失。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
263
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
264 这个指令并不像您先前所学过的指令那般,它包括了两个字元。它是以字元
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
265 CONTROL-x 作为开始。有一整个系列的指令是以 CONTROL-x 作为开始;它们之
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
266 中有许多是与「窗格、档案、暂存区以及相关事物」有关的。这些指令有 2 、
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
267 3 或 4 个字元长。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
268
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
269
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
270 * 插入与删除( INSERTING AND DELETING )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
271 ----------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
272
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
273 如果您想要插入文字,把它键入就是了。您可以看到的字元,像是 A 、 7 、 *
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
274 等,被 Emacs 视为文字并且可以直接插入。键入 <Return>
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
275 ( carriage-return 键)以插入一个 Newline 字元。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
276
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
277 您可以键入 <Delback> 以删除您最后键入的字元。<Delback> 是一个的键盘键
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
278 -- 就是您通常在 Emacs 外,使用来「删除您最后键入字元」的同一个。一般来
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
279 说是个在 <Return> 上方数行的大键,通常标示为『Delete』、『Del』或
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
280 『Backspace』。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
281
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
282 如果在那里有个标示为『Backspace』的大键,那么那一个就是您使用来作为
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
283 <Delback> 的键了。某个地方可能也会有另一个标示为『Delete』的键,但那个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
284 并不是 <Delback> 。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
285
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
286 更一般地说, <Delback> 将位於目前游标位置前一个字元加以删除。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
287
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
288 >> 现在做 -- 键入一些字元,然后键入几次 <Delback> 来删除它们。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
289 不要担心这个档案会被更动;您不会影响到原来的快速指南。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
290 (您现在看到的)这一个是您的个人拷贝。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
291
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
292 当一行文字变得比「在窗格中的一行」长时,这一行文字会「接续」到第二行窗
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
293 格行。这时一个反斜线「\」(或如果您使用窗口化的显示,则是一个小小弯弯
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
294 的箭头)会位在其右边界以指出此行接续著。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
295
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
296 >> 插入文字,一直到您达到右边界,然后再继续插入。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
297 您会看到一个接续行出现。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
298
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
299 >> 使用 <Delback> 删除一些文字,直到此行再次成为一个窗格行。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
300 接续行消失了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
301
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
302 您可以像删除其他字元一样地删除 Newline 字元。将位在两行中的 Newline 字
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
303 元删除会让它们合并成为一行。如果合并的结果使这一行太长,以致无法符合窗
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
304 格的宽度,它会以一个接续行来显示。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
305
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
306 >> 移动游标到本行的开头并键入 <Delback>。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
307 这会将本行与其前一行结合为一行。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
308
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
309 >> 键入 <Return> 以重新插入您刚才删除的 Newline 字元。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
310
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
311 记得大部份的 Emacs 指令都可以给予一个重复计数( repeat count );这也
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
312 包括了文字字元。重复一个文字字元会将它插入数次。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
313
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
314 >> 现在就试一下 -- 键入 C-u 8 * 以插入 ********。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
315
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
316 您现在已经学到了「键入个什么东西进 Emacs 以及修正错误」的大部份基本方
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
317 法。您也可以「以字或行为单位」地删除。这里有份关於「删除操作」的摘要:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
318
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
319 <Delback> 删除游标所在的 前一个字元
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
320 C-d 删除游标所在的 后一个字元
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
321
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
322 M-<Delback> 删除游标所在的 前一个字
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
323 M-d 删除游标所在的 后一个字
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
324
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
325 C-k 删除从游标所在到「行尾」间的字元
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
326 M-k 删除从游标所在到「句尾」间的字元
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
327
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
328 注意「<Delback> 和 C-d」还有「M-<Delback> 和 M-d」是平行地自 C-f 和
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
329 M-f 扩充出来的(嗯,<Delback> 并不是控制字元,但是没什么好担心的)。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
330 C-k 和 M-k 在某种程度上与 C-e 和 M-e 一样,如果把「一行」和「一句」作
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
331 为类比的话。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
332
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
333 您也可以只以一种方法来删除缓冲区内的任何部份,先移动到您想要删除的部份
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
334 的一端,然后键入 C-@ 或 C-SPC (任一个即可)。( SPC 指的是 Space Bar
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
335 )再移到那部份的另一端,接著键入 C-w 。这样就会把介於这两个位置间的所
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
336 有文字删除。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
337
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
338 >> 移动游标到上一段开头的「您」字。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
339 >> 键入 C-SPC 。 Emacs 应该会在萤幕的下方显示一个「Mark set」讯息。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
340 >> 移动游标到第二行中的「端」字。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
341 >> 键入 C-w 。这样会把从「您」开始到刚好「端」之前的文字删除。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
342
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
343 要注意的是「杀掉( killing )」和「删除( deleting )」的不同在於被杀
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
344 掉的可以拉回,而被删除的则不能。【有点难以理解,您可以这么想:(1)「被
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
345 杀掉的」尚存尸骨,而「被删除的」则尸骨无存了!可见得对电脑资料来说,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
346 「删除」比「杀掉」严重多了。(2)实际上,就算被删除了,我们还是有技术可
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
347 以把它救回来,尤其是文字资料,前提是删除后不能进行实体记忆体的格式化动
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
348 作。但这对於一般使用者而言是不可能的,因此就不考虑这情形了。】重新插入
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
349 被杀掉的文字称为「拉回( yanking )」。一般而言,可以移除掉很多文字的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
350 指令会把那些文字储存起来(它们设定成您可以将文字拉回),而那些只是删除
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
351 一个字元或者只是除去空白行或空白的指令,则不会储存这些被删除的文字(因
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
352 此您不能将那文字拉回)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
353
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
354 >> 移动游标到一非空白行的开始。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
355 然后键入 C-k 杀掉在那一行上的文字。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
356 >> 第二次键入 C-k。您将会看到它杀掉跟在那一行后面的 Newline 字元。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
357
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
358 请注意单独的 C-k 会把一行的内容杀掉,而第二个 C-k 则会杀掉那一行本身,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
359 并且使得所有其他的行向上移动。C-k 以很特别的方式来处理数字参数,它会杀
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
360 掉很多行以及它们的内容,这不仅仅是重复而已,C-u 2 C-k 会把两行以及它们
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
361 的 Newline 字元杀掉;如果只是键入 C-k 两次并不会这样。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
362
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
363 将被杀掉的文字回复的动作称为「拉回( yanking )」。(把它想像成您把别
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
364 人从您身上夺去的东西猛力地拉回来)您可以在您删除文字的地方拉回,也可以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
365 在文字的其他地方拉回。您可以拉回数次同样的文字,以制作它的数份拷贝。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
366
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
367 拉回的指令为 C-y。它会在目前游标的位置重新插入最后杀掉的文字。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
368
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
369 >> 试试看;键入 C-y 将文字拉回。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
370
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
371 如果您连续地做了数次 C-k,所有被杀掉的文字都会被储存在一起,因此做一次
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
372 C-y 就会把所有这些行都拉回来。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
373
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
374 >> 现在做一下,键入 C-k 数次。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
375
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
376 现在要回复那些杀掉的文字:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
377
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
378 >> 键入 C-y。然后把游标往下移动个几行,再一次键入 C-y。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
379 您现在知道如何复制某些文字了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
380
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
381 如果您有一些文字想要拉回来,但是后来您又杀了某些东西,那么该怎么做呢?
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
382 C-y 会把最近杀掉的拉回来,但是先前的文字并没有消失,您可以用 M-y 来回
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
383 到它。当您已经使用 C-y 把最近杀掉的拉回来之后,再键入 M-y 来把这些拉回
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
384 来的文字替换为先前所杀掉的。一次又一次地键入 M-y 会把先前再先前所杀掉
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
385 的文字带回来。当您到了您想找的文字时,您不需要做任何事来保存它,只要继
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
386 续您的编辑,把这些已拉回的文字留在那里就好。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
387
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
388 如果您 M-y 做了很多次,您可能会回到起始点,也就是最近杀掉的。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
389
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
390 >> 杀掉一行,到处绕绕,再杀掉另一行。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
391 然后用 C-y 将第二次杀掉的那行带回来。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
392 然后再用 M-y,它将会被第一次杀掉的那行取代。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
393 再做几次 M-y 看看您会得到什么。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
394 不间断地做,直到第二个杀掉行回来,再做个几次。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
395 如果您想的话,您可以试著给 M-y 正的或是负的参数。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
396
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
397
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
398 * 取消动作( UNDO )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
399 --------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
400
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
401 如果您对文字做了一些改变,后来觉得它是个错误,您可以 Undo 指令取消这一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
402 个改变,C-x u。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
403
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
404 通常 C-x u 会把一个指令所造成的改变取消掉;如果您在一行中重复了许多次
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
405 C-x u,每一个重复都会取消额外的指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
406
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
407 但是有两个例外:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
408 (1) 没有改变文字的指令不算(这包括了游标移动的指令还有卷轴指令);
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
409 (2) 自行键入的字元以一群一群 -- 每群最多 20 个 -- 来进行处理。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
410 (这是为了减少您在取消「插入文字动作」所必须键入 C-x u 的次数)
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
411
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
412 >> 以 C-k 将这一行杀掉,然后键入 C-x u 后它会再次出现。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
413
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
414 C-_ 是另一个取消指令;它的作用就和 C-x u 一样,但是在一行中它比较容易
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
415 键入许多次。C-_ 的缺点是在某些键盘中不太清楚如何键入它,这也是为什么我
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
416 们同时提供 C-x u 的原因。在某些终端机,您可以按住 CONTROL 再键入 / ,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
417 来键入 C-_。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
418
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
419 一个数字参数对 C-_ or C-x u 来说,是作为重复的次数。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
420
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
421
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
422 * 档案( FILE )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
423 ----------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
424
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
425 为了使您编辑的文字永久保存,您必须把它放到一个档案中。不然,当您离开
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
426 Emacs 后,它就会随之消失。为了把您的文字放在档案中,您必须在您键入这些
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
427 文字前「找( find )」档案。(这也称之为「拜访( visiting )」档案)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
428
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
429 找一个档案表示您可以在 Emacs 中看到档案的内容。从许多方面来看,它就像
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
430 是您直接编辑那个档案一样。然而,直到您「储存」这个档案之前,您使用
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
431 Emacs 编辑所做出的改变并不会保存下来。这就是为什么当您不想要时,您可以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
432 避免留下修改到一半的档案在系统中。即使当您储存了,Emacs 也会把原本的档
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
433 案以一个不同的名称保留下来,若您稍后觉得您的改变是一个错误的话,就可以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
434 使用它。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
435
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
436 在靠近萤幕的下方,您可以看到由破折号开始与结束的一行 -- 通常是以「--:--
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
437 TUTORIAL.cn」或其他类似的东西作为开始。这是萤幕的一部分,通常用来表示
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
438 您正在拜访的档案。现在,您正在拜访的档案叫做「TUTORIAL.cn」,它是您个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
439 人的拷贝。当您以 Emacs 找出一个档案时,那个档案的名字就会出现在那个地
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
440 方。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
441
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
442 关於寻找档案的指令中,有一个很特别的是,您必须说出这个您想要的档案名称。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
443 我们说这个指令「从终端机中读进了一个参数」。(在这个例子中,这参数就是
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
444 档案的名称)当您键入这个指令后,
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
445
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
446 C-x C-f 找一个档案
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
447
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
448 Emacs 会要您键入档名。您所键入的档名会出现在萤幕的底行。在被用来作为这
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
449 种形式的输入时,底行被称为小缓冲区( minibuffer )。您可以使用正常的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
450 Emacs 编辑指令来编辑这个档名。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
451
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
452 当您正在键入档名时(或是任何的小缓冲区输入时),您可以用 C-g 这个指令
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
453 来取消它。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
454
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
455 >> 键入 C-x C-f,然后键入 C-g。这会取消小缓冲区,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
456 并且也会取消使用这个小缓冲区的 C-x C-f 指令。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
457 因此您没有找任何档案。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
458
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
459 当您已经键入了这个档名,请键入 <Return> 来结束它。然后 C-x C-f 指令就
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
460 会开始运作,并且找到您所选择的档案。小缓冲区在当 C-x C-f 指令结束时就
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
461 会消失。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
462
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
463 过了一会儿,档案的内容就会出现在萤幕,然后您就可以编辑它的内容。当您想
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
464 要您的改变永久保存时,键入这个指令:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
465
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
466 C-x C-s 储存这个档案
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
467
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
468 这会把在 Emacs 中的文字复制到档案中。当您第一次做这个动作时,Emacs 会
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
469 将原始的档案重新命名成一个新的名字,这样它才不会消失。新的名字通常会加
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
470 入「~」到原始档案的名字后面。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
471
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
472 当储存结束时,Emacs 会把写入档案的名字列出来。您应该经常地进行储存,这
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
473 样子如果系统当机时,您就不会损失太多工作。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
474
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
475 >> 键入 C-x C-s 以储存本快速指南的您的拷贝。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
476 这会把「Wrote ...TUTORIAL.cn」这个讯息显示在萤幕的下方。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
477
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
478 注意:在某些系统中,键入 C-x C-s 将会把萤幕冻结,您将看不到从 Emacs 来
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
479 的任何输出。这表示操作系统一个称为「流程控制」的「功能」将 C-s 指令拦
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
480 截住,并且不让它传到 Emacs。要取消萤幕的冻结,请键入 C-q。然后到 Emacs
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
481 使用手册中看看对於「渐进式搜寻的同时进入( Spontaneous Entry to
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
482 Incremental Search )」这个主题,以取得处理这个「功能」的建议。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
483
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
484 您可以找出一个已经存在的档案,然后观看它或编辑它。您也可以找一个还没有
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
485 存在过的档案。这是以 Emacs 建立一个档案的方法:找这个档案,就从零开始,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
486 然后开始插入文字到这个档案中。当您要求「储存」这个档案,Emacs 会真的建
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
487 立一个档案,并把您所插入的文字摆到档案中。从那时候开始,您就可以当自己
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
488 是在编辑一个已经存在的档案了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
489
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
490
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
491 * 缓冲区( BUFFER )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
492 --------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
493
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
494 如果您以 C-x C-f「找」第二个档案,第一个档案仍然存在 Emacs 内。要切换
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
495 回它,您可以 C-x C-f 再找它一次。依此方式,您可以在 Emacs 内开启不少档
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
496 案。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
497
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
498 >> 以键入 C-x C-f foo <Return> 的方式建立一个名为「foo」的档案。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
499 然后插入一些文字,编辑它,然后再以 C-x C-s 储存「foo」。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
500 最后,键入 C-x C-f TUTORIAL.cn <Return> 回到本快速指南。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
501
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
502 Emacs 储存每个档案的文字在一个称为「缓冲区( buffer )」的物件中。找一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
503 个档案会在 Emacs 内部建立一个缓冲区。想要看目前存在您的 Emacs 的工作中
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
504 缓冲区列表,键入
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
505
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
506 C-x C-b 列出缓冲区
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
507
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
508 >> 现在就试一下 C-x C-b
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
509
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
510 看看每一个缓冲区是如何命名的,它也可能同时拥有一个「储存其内容的档案」
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
511 的名称。您在一个 Emacs 窗格所见到的「任何」文字都是某个缓冲区的一部份。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
512
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
513 >> 键入 C-x 1 以离开缓冲列表
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
514
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
515 当您有数个缓冲区时,在任何时候其中只有一个是「目前作用的」。而那个就是
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
516 您在编辑的缓冲区。如果您想要编辑另一个缓冲区,那么您必须「切换」到它。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
517 如果您想要切换到连接到某个档案的缓冲区,您可以用 C-x C-f 再次拜访那个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
518 档案。但是有个比较简单的方式:使用 C-x b ;在这个指令中,您必须键入缓
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
519 冲区的名称。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
520
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
521 >> 键入 C-x b foo <Return> 以回到含有档案「foo」的文字的缓冲区。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
522 然后建入 C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> 以回到本快速指南。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
523
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
524 就大部份的情况来说,缓冲区的名称与档案的名称是相同的(除去了档名中的目
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
525 录部份)。然而并不总是如此。您以 C-x C-b 所制作出的缓冲区列表总是会显
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
526 示给您每一个缓冲区的名称。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
527
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
528 您在一个 Emacs 窗格中所见到的「任何」文字总是某个缓冲区的一部份。有一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
529 些缓冲区并没有连接到档案。举例来说,命名为「*Buffer List*」的缓冲区并
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
530 没有任何档案。它是包含有您以 C-x C-b 指令所制作出来的缓冲区列表的缓冲
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
531 区。命名为「*Messages*」的缓冲区也没有连接到任何档案;它在您的 Emacs
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
532 操作阶段中包含出现在底行的讯息。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
533
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
534 >> 键入 C-x b *Messages* <Return> 来看看讯息的缓冲区。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
535 然后键入 C-x b TUTORIAL <Return> 回到本快速指南。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
536
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
537 如果您对档案中的文字做了修改,然后找另一档案,这个动作并不会储存第一个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
538 档案。它的修改仍旧存在 Emacs 中,也就是在那个档案的缓冲区中。对於第二
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
539 个档案的建立或编辑并不会影响到第一个档案的缓冲区。这样子非常有用,但这
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
540 个情形也表明了您需要「一个方便的方法」来储存第一个档案的缓冲区。只是为
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
541 储存第一个档案就必须以 C-x C-f 切换缓冲区,才能以 C-x C-s 将它储存,总
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
542 是个让人讨厌的过程。因此我们有
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
543
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
544 C-x s 储存一些缓冲区
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
545
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
546 C-x s 会询问您关於您已做出修改但还没储存的每一个缓冲区。它会问您,对於
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
547 每一个这样的缓冲区,是否要储存?
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
548
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
549 >> 插入一行文字,然后键入 C-x s。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
550 它应该会问您是否要储存名为 TUTORIAL.cn 的缓冲区。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
551 键入『y』以回答要储存。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
552
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
553
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
554 * 扩充指令集( EXTENDING THE COMMAND SET )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
555 -------------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
556
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
557 由於 Emacs 拥有太多指令,即便使用上所有的 CONTROL 和 META 字元,也没办
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
558 法完全摆上。Emacs 以 X(扩充『eXtend』)指令来解决这个问题。扩充指令有
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
559 两种型式:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
560
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
561 C-x 字元扩充。后面跟著一个字元。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
562 M-x 有名称的指令扩充。后面跟著一个长的名称。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
563
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
564 还有一些指令通常来说是很有用的,但是比您已经学到的指令较少使用。您已经
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
565 看过其中两个:档案指令中的 C-x C-f 去寻找,以及 C-x C-s 去储存。其他的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
566 例子则有结束 Emacs 阶段的指令 -- 这个指令是 C-x C-c。(不要担心您会失
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
567 去已经做出的改变,C-x C-c 在它杀掉 Emacs 之前会提供储存每一个变动的档
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
568 案的机会。)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
569
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
570 C-z 是 *暂时* 离开 Emacs 的指令 -- 因此您稍后可以回到同样的 Emacs 阶段。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
571
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
572 在某些允许它的作用的系统中, C-z 会「暂停住( suspends )」Emacs,也就
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
573 是说,它会回到 shell 但不会把 Emacs 毁掉。在最常用的 shell 中,您可以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
574 用『fg』或『%emacs』两种指令恢复 Emacs。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
575
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
576 在没有提供暂停功能的系统中,C-z 会在 Emacs 底下建立一个 subshell 以让
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
577 您有机会执行其他的程式,并且在稍后回到 Emacs,它并没有真的离开 Emacs。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
578 在这个例子中,shell 指令『exit』是从subshell 回到 Emacs 的通常方式。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
579
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
580 使用 C-x C-c 的时机是当您打算要登出时。它也非常适合用来离开被其他邮件
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
581 处理程式,以及许多不同的应用程式所启动的 Emacs。然而在一般的状况下,如
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
582 果您不打算登出,最好是把 Emacs 暂停而不是离开它。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
583
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
584 有许多 C-x 的指令。这里是一份您已经学过的列表:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
585
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
586 C-x C-f 找档案。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
587 C-x C-s 储存档案。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
588 C-x C-b 列出缓冲区。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
589 C-x C-c 离开 Emacs。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
590 C-x 1 除了一个外,删去其他所有的窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
591 C-x u 取消动作。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
592
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
593 以扩充来命名的指令通常是不太常使用的指令,或是只在特定的模式下才会使用
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
594 的指令。一个例子是取代字串指令,它会全域地将一个字串以另一个来取代。当
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
595 您键入 M-x 时,Emacs 会在萤幕的底端询问您,然后您也应该键入这个指令的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
596 名称。在这个例子中是『replace-string』只要键入『repl s<TAB>』,然后
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
597 Emacs 将会补齐这个名称。以 <Return> 来结束这个指令名称。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
598
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
599 取代字串指令需要两个参数 -- 被取代的字串以及用来取代它的字串。您必须以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
600 Newline 字元来结束每一个参数。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
601
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
602 >> 将游标移到本行的下两行空白,然后键入
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
603 M-x repl s<Return>changed<Return>altered<Return>。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
604
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
605 【为了说明的目的,於下保留一行原文。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
606 Notice how this line has changed: you've replaced... 】
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
607
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
608 请注意这一行是怎么改变的:在游标的起始位置之后,您已经将 c-h-a-n-g-e-d
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
609 这个字 -- 不管它在哪里出现 -- 以「altered」这个字来取代了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
610
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
611
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
612 * 自动存档( AUTO SAVE )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
613 -------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
614
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
615 当您在一个档案中做了修改,但是还没有将它们储存起来,那么如果您的电脑当
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
616 机,它们将有可能遗失。为了避免这种情形发生在您的身上,Emacs 会定期地将
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
617 您正在编辑的档案写入「自动储存」档案中。自动储存档案在档名的前后会各有
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
618 一个 # 符号;举例来说,如果您的档案名为「hello.c」,那么它的自动储存档
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
619 案的档名就是「#hello.c#」。当您以平常的方式储存档案时,Emacs 就会把它
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
620 的自动储存档删除。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
621
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
622 如果当机,您可以经由正常地寻找档案,(指的是您在编辑的档案而不是自动储
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
623 存档)然后键入 M-x recover file<Return> 来回复您的自动储存档。当它要求
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
624 确认时,键入 yes<Return> 以继续并回复自动储存的资料。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
625
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
626
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
627 * 回应区( ECHO AREA )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
628 -----------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
629
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
630 如果 Emacs 见到您很慢地键入多字元指令,它会将它们显示在位於窗格下方,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
631 称为「回应区」的区域给您参阅。回应区位在窗格的最后一行。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
632
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
633
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
634 * 状态行( MODE LINE )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
635 -----------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
636
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
637 位在回应区的正上面是称为「状态行」的一行。状态行显示出一些信息,如:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
638
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
639 --:** TUTORIAL.cn (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
640
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
641 本行提供一些关於「Emacs 的状态」以及「您正在编辑的文字」的有用信息。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
642
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
643 您已经知道档名的意义是什么了 -- 就是您找的档案。-NN%-- 指出目前您在文
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
644 字档中的位置;它的意思是说:有 NN 百分比的文字位在窗格的上面。如果档案
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
645 的顶端就位在窗格中,那么它就会显示 --Top-- 而不是 --00%--。如果档案的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
646 底部就位在窗格中,那么它是显示 --Bot--。如果您正在看的文字档很小,在窗
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
647 格中就足以看到全部的内容,那么状态行就会显示 --All--。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
648
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
649 L 和数字以另一种方式来表示出位置:它们给出了目前所在的行数( Line )。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
650
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
651 在靠近前面的星号表示您已经对这些文字做了改变。在您刚拜访或储存一个档案
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
652 之后,状态行的那个部分会没有星号,只有破折号。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
653
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
654 状态行中位於小括弧里面的部分,是用来告诉您正在使用什么编辑模式。预设的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
655 模式是 Fundamental,也就是您现在使用的。它是「主模式」的一个例子。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
656
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
657 Emacs 有许多不同的主模式。它们之中有一些是用来编辑不同的语言以及/或不
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
658 同种类的文字,像是 Lisp 模式、 Text 模式等等。在任何的时间只有一个主模
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
659 式可以作用,并且它的名称总可以在状态行中被找到,就在现在的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
660 「Fundamental」中的位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
661
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
662 每一个主模式都使得一些指令的行为表现得不太一样。举例来说,在一个程式中
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
663 有一些指令用来制作出注解,而由於每一种程式语言对於一个注解应该长得像什
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
664 么,都有著不同的想法,因此每一个主模式都必须以不同的方式来插入注解。每
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
665 一个主模式是一个延伸指令的名称,使得您可以用来切换至那个模式。举例来说,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
666 M-x fundamental-mode 就是切换到 Fundamental 模式的一个指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
667
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
668 如果您想要编辑人类语言的文字档案 -- 像是现在的这一个,您应该使用 Text
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
669 模式。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
670
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
671 >> 键入 M-x text mode<Return>。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
672
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
673 不要担心,没有任何一个您已经学过的 Emacs 指令,会被改变成任何非常不同
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
674 的形式。但是您可以发现到 M-f 和 M-b 现在把撇号(')视为字的一部分。先
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
675 前,在 Fundamental 模式中,M-f 和 M-b 将撇号视为字的分隔符号。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
676
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
677 主模式通常会像上述那个例子一样,做出一些精巧的改变:大部分的指令在每一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
678 个主模式中「做同样的事」,但是它们以一点点不同的方式来工作。【再举个例
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
679 子,接续上面所开的头,以程式语言的注解来说。同样一个插入注解的动作,因
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
680 为您使用的程式语言/主模式的不同而不同。若您使用 C 语言,Emacs 插入
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
681 『/* 介於中间的为注解区块 */』;若您使用的是 Fortran 语言,Emacs 插入
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
682 『c 以字元 c 为首的为注解行』;若您使用的是 Basic 语言,Emacs 则插入『'
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
683 撇号以后的为注解文字』。编辑器的弹性如此,实在没有必要为了不同的语言、
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
684 目的或外观,设计特殊化的编辑器。「求大同,存小异」在这里也是成立的。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
685
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
686 要浏览您现在所处的主模式的文档,键入 C-h m。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
687
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
688 >> 使用 C-u C-v 一或数次,将本行带到靠近萤幕的上方。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
689 >> 键入 C-h m,看看 Text 模式与 Fundamental 模式是哪里不同。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
690 >> 键入 C-x 1 将文档从萤幕移除掉。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
691
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
692 主模式之所以称为「主要( major )」的原因是因为它们也有次模式( minor
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
693 mode )。次要的模式并不是主模式的其他选择,而只是次要的更改。每一个次
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
694 模式可以被它本身启用或停止,和所有其他的次模式无关,并且也和您的主模式
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
695 无关。所以您可以不使用次模式,或一个,或任何数量的次模式的组合。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
696
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
697 有一个叫做 Auto Fill 模式的次模式非常有用,特别是在编辑人类语言的文字
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
698 时。当这个模式启用时, Emacs 在当您插入文字并且使一行太宽时,会将那一
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
699 行,在字与字之间自动地分隔开。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
700
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
701 您可以 M-x auto fill mode<Return> 来将 Auto Fill 模式启用。当这个模式
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
702 启用时,您可以使用 M-x auto fill mode<Return> 来将它取消。当这个模式不
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
703 用时,则这个指令会将它启动,而当这个模式启用时,这个指令会将它关闭。我
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
704 们说这个指令用来「切换( toggle )」模式。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
705
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
706 >> 现在键入 M-x auto fill mode<Return>。然后一再地插入字串
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
707 「 asdf 」,直到您看到它分成两行。您必须在它们之间摆上空白,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
708 因为 Auto Fill 只在空白处断行。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
709
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
710 边界通常被设定为 70 个字元,但是您可以用 C-x f 指令来改变它。您应该以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
711 一个数字参数的方式来给定您所希望的边界设定。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
712
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
713 >> 键入 C-x f 并附上引数 20:『C-u 2 0 C-x f』。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
714 然后键入一些文字,看看 Emacs 以 20 个字元,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
715 在行与行之间进行 fill 动作。然后再用一次 C-x f 将边界设回 70。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
716
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
717 如果您在一个段落的中间做出改变,Auto Fill 模式并不会为您重新进行 fill
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
718 的动作( re-fill )。要 re-fill 这个段落,键入 M-q (META-q),而游标必
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
719 须处在其中。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
720
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
721 >> 移动游标到前一段中,然后键入 M-q。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
722
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
723
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
724 * 搜寻( SEARCHING )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
725 ---------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
726
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
727 Emacs 可以搜寻字串(字串可以是一群连续的字元或字)【就中文来说,字元和
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
728 字基本上意义相同;此处所指的『字』,是英文中没有被空白隔开的字元集
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
729 合。】,往前或往后搜寻都可以。搜寻一个字串是一种游标移动指令,它会将游
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
730 标移动到字串出现的下一个地方。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
731
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
732 Emacs 搜寻指令与大部分编辑器的搜寻指令不同的地方在於,它是「渐进的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
733 ( incremental )」。这表示搜寻发生在您键入想要搜寻的文字串后。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
734
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
735 要开始搜寻的指令是:C-s 往前搜寻,C-r 往后搜寻。但先等一下!现在先不要
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
736 试。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
737
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
738 当您键入 C-s 时,会发现到有一个字串「I-search」出现在回应区中作为提示。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
739 它告诉您 Emacs 现在正处於称为「渐进式搜寻」的状态中,等待您键入您想要
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
740 搜寻的字串。<Return> 会结束一个搜寻。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
741
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
742 >> 现在键入 C-s 开始一个搜寻。慢一点,一次键入一个字元,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
743 键入『cursor』这个字,每键入一个字元时,稍微停一下,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
744 注意看看游标发生了什么事。现在您已曾经搜寻过「cursor」这个字了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
745 >> 再次键入 C-s 来搜寻「cursor」的下一个出现位置。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
746 >> 现在键入 <Delback> 四次,看看游标是如何移动的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
747 >> 键入 <Return> 结束搜寻。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
748
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
749 您有没有看到发生了什么?在一个渐进式搜寻中,Emacs 试著要走到您键入的字
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
750 串的下一个出现位置。要移动到游标所在的下一个出现位置,只要再键入 C-s
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
751 一次。如果并没有这样的出现位置存在,Emacs 会哔一声,并告诉您目前的搜寻
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
752 「失败」。另外 C-g 也可以用来结束搜寻。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
753
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
754 注意:在某些系统中,键入 C-s 将会把萤幕冻结,您将看不到从 Emacs 来的任
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
755 何输出。这表示操作系统一个称为「流程控制」的「功能」将 C-s 指令拦截住,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
756 并且不让它传到 Emacs。要取消萤幕的冻结,请键入 C-q。然后到 Emacs 使用
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
757 手册中看看对於「渐进式搜寻的同时进入( Spontaneous Entry to
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
758 Incremental Search )」这个主题,以取得处理这个「功能」的建议。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
759
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
760 如果您在一个渐进式搜寻的中间,并且键入 <Delback>,您可以发现在搜寻字串
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
761 中的最后一个字元被消除了,并且搜寻会回到这个搜寻的最后一个地方。举例来
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
762 说,假设您已经键入了『c』,用来寻找「c」的第一次出现。现在如果您键入
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
763 『u』,游标会移动到「cu」的第一次出现位置。现在键入 <Delback> ,这会将
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
764 「u」从搜寻字串中消除,并且游标会移回到「c」的第一次出现位置。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
765
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
766 如果您在一个搜寻的中间,并且键入一个 CONTROL 或 META 字元的话,(但有
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
767 一些例外 -- 对搜寻而言特别的字元,像是 C-s 和 C-r ),搜寻会被结束。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
768
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
769 C-s 会开始一个搜寻,它会寻找搜寻字串在目前游标位置「之后」,的任何出现
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
770 位置。如果您想要在先前文字中搜寻,键入 C-r 作为替代。除了搜寻的方向相
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
771 反之外,我们所说的有关 C-s 的所有事情,同样地可以应用到 C-r 上。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
772
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
773
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
774 * 多重窗格( MULTIPLE WINDOWS )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
775 --------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
776
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
777 Emacs 许多好功能的其中之一是,您可以在萤幕中同时展示超过一个窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
778
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
779 >> 移动游标到这一行并且键入 C-u 0 C-l。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
780
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
781 >> 现在键入 C-x 2,它会将萤幕平分成两个窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
782 这两个窗格都显示著这个快速指南。游标则停留在上方的窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
783
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
784 >> 键入 C-M-v 以卷动下方的窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
785 (如果您并没有一个真的 META 键,则键入 ESC C-v 亦可。)
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
786
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
787 >> 键入 C-x o(『o』指的是其他『other』的意思),
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
788 将游标移动到下方的窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
789
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
790 >> 在下方的窗格中,使用 C-v 和 M-v 来卷动它。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
791 继续维持在上方的窗格中阅读这些指引。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
792
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
793 >> 再一次键入 C-x o 将游标移回到上方的窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
794 游标会回到它在上方窗格中,原本所在的位置。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
795
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
796 您可以持续使用 C-x o 在窗格之间切换。每一个窗格有它自己的游标位置,但
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
797 是只有一个窗格会真的显示出游标。所有通常的编辑指令只会应用到那个游标所
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
798 在的窗格。我们称这个为「被选择的窗格」。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
799
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
800 指令 C-M-v 在当您於一个窗格中编辑文字,并使用其他的窗格作为参考之用时,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
801 是非常有用的。您可以将游标一直保持在您正在编辑的窗格中,并以 C-M-v 指
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
802 令在其他的窗格循序地前进。【验证工作特别适合以这种方式来进行,如 GNU
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
803 中译小组:找一个原始英文档案;再找它翻译好的中文档案,编辑这个「被选择
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
804 的窗格」,以 C-M-v 指令跟上验证中的段落……。】
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
805
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
806 C-M-v 是 CONTROL-META 字元的一个例子。如果您有一个真的 META 键,您可以
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
807 同时按住 CONTROL 和 META 再键入 v 来键入 C-M-v。CONTROL 或 META 「谁先
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
808 被按住」并没有影响,因为这两个键都是用来修饰您所键入的字元。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
809
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
810 如果您并没有一个真的 META 键,您可以使用 ESC 来作为替代,这样子顺序就
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
811 有关系了:您必须键入 ESC ,跟著键入 CONTROL-v,CONTROL-ESC v 并不会作
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
812 用。这是因为 ESC 是一个具有本身作用的字元,而不是一个修饰键。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
813
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
814 >> (在上方窗格)键入 C-x 1 以除去下方窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
815
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
816 (如果您已经在底端的窗格键入 C-x 1,那么将会把上面的窗格隐藏住。将这个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
817 指令想像成「只保留一个窗格 -- 我正在编辑的这个。」)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
818
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
819 您不需要在两个不同的窗格中显示相同的缓冲区。如果您使用 C-x C-f 在一个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
820 窗格中找档案,另一个窗格并不因而改变。您可以在独立的任一个窗格中找〔它
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
821 自己的〕一个档案。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
822
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
823 这里有另外一个方式可以用来,使用两个窗格显示两个不同的东西:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
824
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
825 >> 键入 C-x 4 C-f,后面跟著您的其中一个档案的名称。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
826 以 <Return> 作为结束。看看指定的档案出现在下方的窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
827 游标也跑到那里。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
828
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
829 >> 键入 C-x o 以回到上方的窗格,然后以 C-x 1 删除掉下方窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
830
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
831
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
832 * 递归编辑阶层( RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
833 --------------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
834
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
835 有时候您会进入所谓的「递归编辑阶层」。它是由位在状态行的方括弧所指明,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
836 并且包含住以小括弧来指明的模式名称。举例来说,您可能会看到
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
837 [(Fundamental)],而不是 (Fundamental)。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
838
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
839 要离开递归编辑阶层,请键入 ESC ESC ESC。这是个全功能的「离开」指令。您
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
840 也可以使用它来除去多余的窗格,并且离开小缓冲区。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
841
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
842 >> 键入 M-x 以进入小缓冲区;然后键入 ESC ESC ESC 离开。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
843
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
844 您无法使用 C-g 来离开递归编辑阶层。这是因为 C-g 是用来取消指令以及「位
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
845 於」递归编辑阶层中的「引数( arguments )」之故。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
846
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
847
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
848 * 取得更多的帮助( GETTING MORE HELP )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
849 ---------------------------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
850
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
851 在本快速指南中,我们试著仅提供刚刚好的信息让您可以开始使用 Emacs。在
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
852 Emacs 中有太多可取得的信息,想要在这里全部解释是不可能的。然而,您也许
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
853 会想要学习更多 Emacs 相关的信息,因为它有许多其他有用的功能。Emacs 提
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
854 供了「阅读有关 Emacs 指令」的指令。这些「help」指令都以 CONTROL-h 这个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
855 字元作为开头,称作为「Help 字元」。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
856
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
857 要使用 Help 功能,键入 C-h 字元,然后再键入一个说明您所需要的帮助的字
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
858 元。如果您真的不知道要问什么,那么请键入『C-h ?』,此时 Emacs 将会告诉
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
859 您它能够提供的帮助。如果您已经键入 C-h,但发现您并不需要任何帮助,键入
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
860 C-g 来取消掉它就是了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
861
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
862 (有些网站将 C-h 这个字元的意义改变了。他们真的不应该把它设为对所有使
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
863 用者全部都适用的方法,所以您现在就有了个理由来抱怨系统管理者了。在此同
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
864 时,如果 C-h 并没有在窗格的底部显示任何有关帮助的讯息,试著键入 F1 键,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
865 或是 M-x help <Return>。)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
866
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
867 最基本的 HELP 功能是 C-h c。键入 C-h,字元 c,以及一个或一串字元;然后
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
868 Emacs 会显示一个非常简短的有关这个指令的解释。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
869
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
870 >> 键入 C-h c C-p。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
871
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
872 讯息应该会像是这样:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
873
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
874 C-p runs the command previous-line
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
875
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
876 这告诉了您「函数的名称」。函数名称主要是用来自订以及扩充 Emacs。但是由
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
877 於函数名称是由「用来指出这指令在做些什么」而被选定,它们因此也可以作为
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
878 非常简短的文档 -- 足够提醒您已经学过的指令。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
879
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
880 多字元指令像是 C-x C-s 和 (如果您没有 META 或 EDIT 或 ALT 键)<ESC>v
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
881 也可以在 C-h c 后面出现。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
882
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
883 要取得更多有关一个指令的信息,用 C-h k 来取代使用 C-h c 。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
884
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
885 >> 键入 C-h k C-p。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
886
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
887 这会在一个 Emacs 窗格显示这个函数的说明文档以及它的名称。当您阅读完后,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
888 键入 C-x 1 以跳离这些帮助文字。您并不需要马上跟著做。您可以做些编辑,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
889 当参考到帮助文字时再键入 C-x 1。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
890
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
891 这里有一些其他有用的 C-h 选项:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
892
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
893 C-h f 解释一个函数。您要键入此函数的名称。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
894
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
895 >> 试著键入 C-h f previous-line<Return>。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
896 这会印出 Emacs 所有的有关「实作出 C-p 这个指令的函数」的信息
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
897
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
898 C-h v 这个类似的指令会显示出「您可以用来自订 Emacs 行为的变数」的文档。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
899 当 Emacs 要求时,您需要键入这变数的名称。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
900
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
901 C-h a 指令相关查找( Command Apropos )。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
902 键入一个关键字然后 Emacs 会列出所有
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
903 「在其名称中含有此关键字」的全部指令。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
904 这些指令全部都可以经由 META-x 来启动。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
905 对於一些指令而言,指令相关查找也会列出
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
906 「可以执行相同指令」的一个或两个字元的串列。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
907
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
908 >> 键入 C-h a file<Return>。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
909
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
910 这会在另一个窗格显示一个「在其名称中含有『file』的全部 M-x 指令」的列
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
911 表。您将会看到像是 C-x C-f 的「字元-指令」列在其相对应指令名称(如:
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
912 find-file )的旁边。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
913
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
914 >> 键入 C-M-v 上下移动 help 窗格。试个几次。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
915
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
916 >> 键入 C-x 1 来删除 help 窗格。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
917
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
918 C-h i 阅读线上使用手册( a.k.a. Info )。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
919 这个指令将您带到了称为「*info*」的特殊缓冲区,在那,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
920 您可以阅读安装在您的系统里的软件包的线上使用手册。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
921 键入 m emacs <Return> 以阅读 Emacs 使用手册。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
922 如果您在此之前未曾使用过 Info 系统,请键入『?』。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
923 Emacs 将会带您进入 Info 模式功能的导览指南。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
924 一旦完成了本快速指南的研读,您应该查阅 Emacs Info
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
925 使用手册,以作为主要的参考文档。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
926
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
927
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
928 * 更多功能特色( MORE FEATURES )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
929 ---------------------------------
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
930
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
931 您可以经由阅读 Emacs 使用手册〈不论是一本书或是在 Info 中的线上版本
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
932 (使用 Help 选单或是键入 F10 h r )〉来学到更多有关它的知识。有两个您
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
933 可能会特别喜欢的功能特色是可以节省打字量的 completion 还有简化档案处理
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
934 的 dired 。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
935
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
936 Completion 是一种避免不必要的打字的方式。举例来说,如果您想要切换
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
937 *Messages* 缓冲区,您可以键入 C-x b *M<Tab> ,只要可以从您已经键入的文
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
938 字中确定, Emacs 就会将剩下的缓冲区名称补齐。 Completion 是在 Emacs 使
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
939 用手册的 Info 中,称为「Completion」的节点中所解释的。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
940
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
941 Dired 使您可以在一个目录中列出档案(次目录则是可选的)、在列表中到处移
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
942 动、拜访、重新命名、删除以及对档案作操作。 Dired 是在 Emacs 使用手册的
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
943 Info 中,称为「Dired」的节点中所解释的。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
944
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
945 使用手册也解释了许多其它 Emacs 的功能特色。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
946
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
947
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
948 * 结论( CONCLUSION )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
949 ----------------------
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
950
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
951 记住,要完全离开 Emacs 请使用 C-x C-c 。要暂时离开到 shell,稍后再回到
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
952 Emacs,请使用 C-z 。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
953
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
954 本快速指南对於所有的新手应该都是易於理解的,所以如果您发现了什么地方不
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
955 清楚,不要只是坐著怪自己 -- (向本文作者和翻译)发点牢骚吧!
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
956
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
957
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
958 * 翻译( TRANSLATION )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
959 -----------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
960
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
961 本快速指南的翻译人员列表如下,如果您在阅读本文之前,「完全」对 Emacs
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
962 没有概念,请告诉我们您的意见以作为本文后续的改进依据。翻译也提供了一份
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
963 《GNU Emacs 中文处理说明》在
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
964 http://www.gnu.org/software/chinese/guide/emacs-chinese.cn.html 〈部份
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
965 内容已经整理到本快速指南〉,也请您自行参阅。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
966
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
967 编辑器是电脑使用者最常接触到的应用程式,因此不应该让初学者感到过於困难,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
968 就一般的评论来说, Emacs 是不难学会使用的编辑器,但您的意见可以使它更
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
969 为贴近一般的使用者,并使电脑作为工具的角色得以充分发挥。如果您愿意提供
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
970 改进的意见,请寄 email 到<chinese-translators@gnu.org> 。请不要害羞,
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
971 我们欢迎任何有关的讨论;如果您不想寄到邮件清单,请直接 email 给本文翻
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
972 译 <chliu@gnu.org> 。请在 Title 行中包含此字串「Emacs TUTORIAL: <your
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
973 issue here>」。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
974
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
975 如果您是 Emacs 老手,GNU Chinese Translators Team (GNU/CTT)
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
976 <http://www.gnu.org/software/chinese/> 欢迎您的加入,我们现在正需要愿
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
977 意投入翻译 Emacs 使用手册的人员。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
978
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
979 本快速指南并没有采用习惯上编辑器所使用的翻译术语,一方面因为它的实际意
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
980 义与一般的编辑器不同,原文本就不同;另一方面也因为 Emacs 所采用的视觉
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
981 设计概念,早在窗口化系统之前就已经存在,本质也不相同。总之,翻译以为这
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
982 样可以帮助对於 Emacs 整个设计哲学的理解。如果收到的回覆中,大部份要求
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
983 提出修改,我们还是从善如流。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
984
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
985 (0) 为了避免「游标移动指令」论述上的混淆,本文采用的术语为:
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
986 往「前」移( move Forward );往「后」移( move Backware )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
987 〔或是往「回」移〕;
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
988 往「上」移( Previous line );往「下」移( Next line )。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
989 (1) 在本文中,「行」指的是 row,这是采用一般的习惯用法。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
990 为了避免误导中文读者,特别在此说明。在正式的用法中:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
991 「column」翻译为「行」,以「纵」为行(直行),也译为「栏」;
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
992 「row」翻译为「列」,以「横」为列(横列)。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
993 读者思索一下「合纵连横」应该可以理解。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
994 大约是因为中文原本是直书的,我们说「一行字」是没问题;
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
995 但现在大部份的情形中文是横书的,由於习惯使然也称为一行字了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
996 (2) 有关於「文字」及其集合的相关译文,翻译所采用的有:
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
997 编辑的「文字」:「然后键入一些文字」;
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
998 用来作为说明功能的「文档」:「这个函数的说明文档」;
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
999 特指其所说明的内容的「文本」:「实际效力以英文本为准」。
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1000 即使只是「一行字」,只要它是用来作为说明之用,
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1001 翻译还是将它视为「文档」。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1002 (3) 「cut」的动作在 Emacs 中分为「杀掉」和「删除」,之间的差异如下:
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1003 一般编辑器中的「cut」:只有最近被 cut 的文字摆到 clipboard 中;
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1004 「杀掉( killing )」:被杀掉的文字,全部被加入到 kill ring 中;
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1005 「删除( deleting )」:被删除的文字,就是被删除了。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1006 因此在一般编辑器中,您只能 paste「最近」被 cut 的文字;
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1007 而在 Emacs 中,您可以「拉回」任何先前被杀掉的文字,同时,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1008 它的作法很容易。至於被删除的,因为用来作为「删除」功能的指令,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1009 所能移去的文字数量都很少,因此也没什么好拉回的;
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1010 如果真的想回复这些文字,undo 您的动作就是了。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1011 (4) 「window」同时翻译为「窗口」和「窗格」,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1012 前者表示现在一般概念中的窗口系统,如「X 窗口」;
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1013 后者表示 Emacs 中的窗口,翻译在此通称为「窗格」。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1014 Emacs 的「窗格」即使在命令列提示下也可以正常工作,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1015 此一基本特性显然值得我们以另一个专用术语来描述它。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1016 (5) 关於档案的术语,「找」一个档案在 Emacs 中有两种作用:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1017 找一个「并不存在」的档案,读者应认知为「开新档案」;
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1018 找一个「已经存在」的档案,则是「开启旧档」。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1019 Emacs 只以一个「找」的动作来解决,主要的原因是「实际上」
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1020 的软件工作如此。黑客们应该会发现这样比较自然,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1021 因为它反应了电脑的工作方式,同时操作起来也较少废话。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1022 (6) 在【】中的文字为翻译的注解。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1023 (7) 关於使中文文档结构化的议题,问题已经获得解决。
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1024 (8) 本翻译文本所采用的简繁用语差异列表如下:
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1025 zh cn
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1026 文件 文档
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1027 软体 软件
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1028 作业 操作
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1029 套件 包
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1030 视窗 窗口
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1031 递回 递归
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1032 骇客 黑客
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1033 资讯 信息
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1034
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1035 另外,我们也十分欢迎读者可以直接修改本快速指南,做出自己的版本,以自己
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1036 认为最为合适的方式来介绍 Emacs 。如果您做出了这样个人化的版本,并且认
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1037 为足供大家参考使用,请寄给 <chinese-coordinators@gnu.org> ,我们会将您
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1038 的版本公开在 GNU/CTT 的网页中提供给中文使用者下载。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1039
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1040 翻译:刘 昭宏 <chliu@gnu.org>
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1041 验证:马 雪萍
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1042
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1043
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1044 * 复制( COPYING )
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1045 -------------------
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1046
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1047 本快速指南沿袭自具有悠久历史的 Emacs 快速指南,由 Stuart Cracraft 为了
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1048 原始的 Emacs 所撰写的版本开始。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1049
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1050 这个版本的快速指南和 GNU Emacs 一样都是版权化的,并且允许在某些条件下
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1051 散布其拷贝:
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1052
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1053 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1054 Chinese Translation by Chao-Hong Liu (2002, 2003)
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1055
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1056 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1057 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1058 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1059 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1060 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1061
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1062 本文允许在不变更文档内容的前提下刊登在任何形式的媒体中,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1063 但需保留版权声明以及许可声明,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1064 散布者也必须给予接受者如同此声明所允许的,进一步散布的许可。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1065 【本段译文提供读者作为参考以帮助理解,实际效力以英文本为准。】
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1066
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1067 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1068 of this document, or of portions of it,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1069 under the above conditions, provided also that they
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1070 carry prominent notices stating who last altered them.
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1071
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1072 本文允许在与上述相同的条件下,散布修改后的版本,或是其中的一部份,
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1073 但它们也必须带有显著的,说明由谁最后更动了它的声明。
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1074 【Copyleft 版权除了提供使用者自由外,也维护原始作者,
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1075 以及后来的修改作者的名誉权( credit )。
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1076 本段译文提供读者作为参考以帮助理解,实际效力以英文本为准。】
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1077
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1078 复制 Emacs 本身的条件较为复杂,但是具有相同的精神。请阅读 COPYING 这个
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1079 档案,并且确实给予您的朋友 GNU Emacs 的拷贝。请经由「使用、撰写、以及
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1080 分享自由软件」来帮助消除软件障碍主义(拥有权)!
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1081
51138
3b5f7614fdcc Updated.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 50009
diff changeset
1082 ;;; DO NOT PUT THIS ON ZHS OR ZHT FILE...
50009
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1083 ;;; Local Variables:
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1084 ;;; coding: chinese-iso-8bit
173ef569a9e0 *** empty log message ***
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents: 49994
diff changeset
1085 ;;; End:
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 51138
diff changeset
1086
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 51138
diff changeset
1087 ;;; arch-tag: 46a53d82-a85a-46b6-bdc7-583aca063578