Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/faq.texi @ 58556:8ff63943e93e
(bibtex-sort-entry-class)
(bibtex-comment-start): Use defcustom.
(bibtex-entry-field-alist): Use nil if initial content of the
field is undefined. Fix docstring.
(bibtex-parse-keys-timeout, bibtex-autokey-additional-names)
(bibtex-generate-autokey, bibtex-parse-buffers-stealthily)
(bibtex-mode, bibtex-field-list, bibtex-entry-updat)
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Fix docstring.
(bibtex-autokey-title-terminators): Use only one regexp.
(bibtex-string-maybe-empty-head): New variable.
(bibtex-remove-delimiters-string): New function.
(bibtex-text-in-field-bounds, bibtex-text-in-string):
Use bibtex-remove-delimiters-string.
(bibtex-progress-message, bibtex-field-left-delimiter)
(bibtex-field-right-delimiter, bibtex-entry-left-delimiter)
(bibtex-entry-right-delimiter, bibtex-search-entry): Use eq.
(bibtex-insert-kill): Rename from `bibtex-insert-current-kill'.
Simplify.
(bibtex-format-entry): Use save-excursion for inherited booktitle.
Use eq and bibtex-remove-delimiters-string. For end markers use
insertion type so that marker stays after inserted text.
(bibtex-autokey-get-names): Return empty string if name is missing.
(bibtex-autokey-demangle-name): Call bibtex-autokey-abbrev before
calling bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert.
(bibtex-autokey-demangle-title):
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bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert from bibtex-autokey-get-title.
(bibtex-global-key-alist, bibtex-read-string-key): New functions.
(bibtex-read-key): New optional arg global.
(bibtex-files-expand): New optional arg force.
(bibtex-complete-string-cleanup): Expansion of abbrev can be absent.
(bibtex-complete-crossref-cleanup): Rename from
bibtex-complete-key-cleanup. Simplify code.
(bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill): Remove arg key. Operate on current entry.
Use looking-at.
(bibtex-button): Add docstring.
(bibtex-entry): Simplify.
(bibtex-make-field): Replace optional arg called-by-yank with more
specific args move and interactive.
(bibtex-end-of-entry): Use forward-sexp.
(bibtex-find-entry-globally): Remove.
(bibtex-find-crossref): Allow for crossref key located in other buffer.
Bound to C-c C-x.
(bibtex-find-entry): New optional args global and display.
(bibtex-find-text): Fix docstring. Remove arg as-if-interactive.
(bibtex-validate): Use arg force of bibtex-files-expand.
(bibtex-clean-entry): Bugfix, clean string entries properly.
Always keep point at beginning of entry.
(bibtex-complete): Bugfix. Handle string entries properly.
Call cleanup functions only if needed.
(bibtex-String): Use bibtex-read-string-key.
(bibtex-url): Use bibtex-remove-delimiters-string. Do not alter
case of replacement text.
author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Fri, 26 Nov 2004 23:24:44 +0000 |
parents | 3e8b1ce2675a |
children | 7497bd0e03ee 3219f94257bc |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*- |
25474 | 2 @c %**start of header |
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq |
25474 | 4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
7 @setchapternewpage odd | |
8 | |
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9 @c This is used in many places |
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10 @set VER 21.3 |
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11 |
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12 @copying |
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13 Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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14 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 15 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
16 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 17 |
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18 @quotation |
25474 | 19 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers |
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20 (``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other |
25474 | 21 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. |
22 | |
23 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
24 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
25 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
26 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
27 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
28 | |
29 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
30 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
31 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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32 |
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33 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
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34 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
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35 @end quotation |
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36 @end copying |
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37 |
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38 @dircategory Emacs |
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39 @direntry |
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40 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. |
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41 @end direntry |
25474 | 42 |
43 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version | |
44 @titlepage | |
45 @sp 10 | |
46 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ} | |
47 | |
48 @c The following two commands start the copyright page. | |
49 @page | |
50 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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51 @insertcopying |
25474 | 52 @end titlepage |
53 | |
54 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir) | |
55 | |
56 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}. | |
57 | |
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58 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML, |
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59 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but |
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60 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this |
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61 format. This FAQ is maintained as a part of GNU Emacs. If you find |
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62 any errors, or have any suggestions, please use @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} |
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63 to report them. |
25474 | 64 |
65 @menu | |
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66 * FAQ notation:: |
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67 * General questions:: |
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68 * Getting help:: |
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69 * Status of Emacs:: |
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70 * Common requests:: |
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71 * Bugs and problems:: |
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72 * Compiling and installing Emacs:: |
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73 * Finding Emacs and related packages:: |
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74 * Major packages and programs:: |
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75 * Key bindings:: |
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76 * Alternate character sets:: |
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77 * Mail and news:: |
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78 * Concept index:: |
25474 | 79 @end menu |
80 | |
81 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
82 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top | |
83 @chapter FAQ notation | |
84 @cindex FAQ notation | |
85 | |
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86 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in |
25474 | 87 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time |
88 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms | |
89 used in the FAQ. | |
90 | |
91 @menu | |
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92 * Basic keys:: |
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93 * Extended commands:: |
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94 * On-line manual:: |
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95 * File-name conventions:: |
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96 * Common acronyms:: |
25474 | 97 @end menu |
98 | |
99 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation | |
40705 | 100 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.? |
25474 | 101 @cindex Basic keys |
102 @cindex Control key, notation for | |
103 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for | |
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104 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for |
25474 | 105 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of |
40705 | 106 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of |
25474 | 107 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of |
108 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of | |
109 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of | |
110 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of | |
111 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of | |
112 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of | |
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113 @cindex Notation for keys |
25474 | 114 |
115 @itemize @bullet | |
116 | |
117 @item | |
118 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key | |
119 | |
120 @item | |
121 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key | |
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122 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key}) |
25474 | 123 |
124 @item | |
125 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control} | |
126 and @key{Meta} | |
127 | |
128 @item | |
129 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above | |
130 | |
131 @item | |
132 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j} | |
133 | |
134 @item | |
135 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m} | |
136 | |
137 @item | |
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138 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as |
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139 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if |
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140 deleting invokes Emacs help) |
25474 | 141 |
142 @item | |
143 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[} | |
144 | |
145 @item | |
146 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i} | |
147 | |
148 @item | |
149 @key{SPC}: Space bar | |
150 | |
151 @end itemize | |
152 | |
153 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are | |
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154 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this: |
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155 |
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156 @display |
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157 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET} |
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158 @end display |
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159 |
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160 @noindent |
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161 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC} |
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162 really means press the space key. |
25474 | 163 |
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164 The @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value |
25474 | 165 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for |
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166 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux |
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167 terminals, the @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the |
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168 @acronym{ASCII} code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially, |
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169 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit |
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170 7@footnote{ |
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171 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is |
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172 pressed.}. |
25474 | 173 |
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174 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is @acronym{ASCII} code 127. It is a misnomer to call |
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175 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. |
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176 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate @acronym{ASCII} code 127. |
25474 | 177 |
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178 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys, |
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179 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more |
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180 information about Info.) |
25474 | 181 |
182 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation | |
183 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean? | |
184 @cindex Extended commands | |
185 @cindex Commands, extended | |
186 @cindex M-x, meaning of | |
187 | |
188 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the | |
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189 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure |
25474 | 190 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.) |
191 | |
192 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command | |
193 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any | |
194 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't | |
195 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for | |
196 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and | |
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197 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these |
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198 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command} |
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199 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function. |
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200 |
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201 @cindex @key{Do} key |
25474 | 202 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke |
203 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a | |
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204 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key. |
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205 |
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206 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating |
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207 Emacs Lisp code}. |
25474 | 208 |
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209 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation |
25474 | 210 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
211 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in | |
212 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual | |
213 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual | |
214 @cindex Info, finding topics in | |
215 | |
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216 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can |
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217 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by |
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218 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 219 |
220 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't | |
221 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info. | |
222 | |
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223 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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224 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}. |
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225 |
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226 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may |
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227 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them |
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228 improperly. In this case you should complain. |
25474 | 229 |
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230 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the |
25474 | 231 Emacs manual. |
232 | |
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233 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation |
25474 | 234 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}? |
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235 @cindex File-name conventions |
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236 @cindex Conventions for file names |
25474 | 237 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs |
238 | |
239 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided | |
240 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and | |
241 @file{src}. | |
242 | |
243 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start | |
244 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory | |
245 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed | |
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246 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable |
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247 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the |
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248 documentation of a variable.) |
25474 | 249 |
250 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation | |
251 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use | |
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252 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of |
25474 | 253 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last |
254 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By | |
255 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}. | |
256 | |
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257 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
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258 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the |
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259 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are |
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260 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} |
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261 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}). |
25474 | 262 |
263 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and | |
264 many files from the @file{etc} directory. | |
265 | |
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266 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation |
25474 | 267 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
268 @cindex FSF, definition of | |
269 @cindex LPF, definition of | |
270 @cindex OSF, definition of | |
271 @cindex GNU, definition of | |
272 @cindex RMS, definition of | |
273 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for | |
274 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for | |
275 @cindex FTP, definition of | |
276 @cindex GPL, definition of | |
277 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for | |
278 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for | |
279 | |
280 @table @asis | |
281 | |
282 @item FSF | |
283 Free Software Foundation | |
284 | |
285 @item LPF | |
286 League for Programming Freedom | |
287 | |
288 @item OSF | |
289 Open Software Foundation | |
290 | |
291 @item GNU | |
292 GNU's Not Unix | |
293 | |
294 @item RMS | |
295 Richard Matthew Stallman | |
296 | |
297 @item FTP | |
298 File Transfer Protocol | |
299 | |
300 @item GPL | |
301 GNU General Public License | |
302 | |
303 @end table | |
304 | |
305 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes | |
306 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make | |
307 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a | |
308 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for | |
309 Unix systems. | |
310 | |
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311 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to |
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312 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for |
25474 | 313 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
314 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always | |
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315 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has |
25474 | 316 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
317 | |
318 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
319 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top | |
320 @chapter General questions | |
321 @cindex General questions | |
322 | |
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323 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the |
25474 | 324 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations. |
325 | |
326 @menu | |
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327 * The LPF:: |
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328 * Real meaning of copyleft:: |
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329 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings:: |
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330 * Newsgroup archives:: |
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331 * Reporting bugs:: |
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332 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists:: |
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333 * Contacting the FSF:: |
25474 | 334 @end menu |
335 | |
336 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions | |
337 @section What is the LPF? | |
338 @cindex LPF, description of | |
339 @cindex League for Programming Freedom | |
340 @cindex Software patents, opposition to | |
341 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to | |
342 | |
343 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and | |
344 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact | |
345 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact | |
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346 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you |
25474 | 347 about the LPF. |
348 | |
349 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}. | |
350 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and | |
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351 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}. |
25474 | 352 |
353 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions | |
354 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
355 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of | |
356 @cindex GPL, real meaning of | |
357 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of | |
358 @cindex Discussion of the GPL | |
359 | |
360 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will | |
361 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. | |
362 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to | |
363 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to | |
364 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the | |
365 extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
366 | |
367 RMS writes: | |
368 | |
369 @quotation | |
370 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
371 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
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372 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users |
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373 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make |
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374 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
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375 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
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376 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
25474 | 377 @end quotation |
378 | |
379 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions | |
380 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.? | |
381 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
382 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
383 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for | |
384 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for | |
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385 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups |
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386 |
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387 @cindex GNU mailing lists |
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388 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU |
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389 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy |
25474 | 390 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it |
391 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address. | |
392 | |
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393 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs |
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394 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other |
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395 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, |
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396 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
25474 | 397 |
398 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they | |
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399 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been |
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400 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to |
25474 | 401 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself. |
402 | |
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403 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on |
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404 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, |
25474 | 405 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. |
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406 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't |
25474 | 407 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to |
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408 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when |
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409 posting a followup that recommends such software. |
25474 | 410 |
411 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid | |
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412 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}). |
25474 | 413 |
414 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions | |
415 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups? | |
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416 @cindex Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help} |
25474 | 417 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups |
418 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups | |
419 | |
420 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
421 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
422 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve | |
423 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
424 | |
425 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}. | |
426 | |
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427 The archive can be browsed over the web at |
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428 @uref{http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/, the GNU mail archive}. |
25474 | 429 |
430 Web-based Usenet search services, such as | |
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431 @uref{http://groups.google.com, Google}, also archive the |
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432 @code{gnu.*} groups. |
25474 | 433 |
434 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions | |
435 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? | |
436 @cindex Bug reporting | |
437 @cindex Good bug reports | |
438 @cindex How to submit a bug report | |
439 @cindex Reporting bugs | |
440 | |
441 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
442 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
443 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of | |
444 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address | |
445 so you can be contacted for further details. | |
446 | |
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447 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting |
25474 | 448 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
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449 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the |
25474 | 450 manual.) |
451 | |
452 RMS says: | |
453 | |
454 @quotation | |
455 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the | |
456 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because | |
457 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of | |
458 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem. | |
459 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people | |
460 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to | |
461 receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
462 @end quotation | |
463 | |
464 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}: | |
465 | |
466 @quotation | |
467 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, | |
468 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
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469 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you. |
25474 | 470 @end quotation |
471 | |
472 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following | |
473 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: | |
474 | |
475 @quotation | |
476 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
477 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that | |
478 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it | |
479 does, that is a bug. | |
480 @end quotation | |
481 | |
482 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions | |
483 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? | |
484 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists | |
485 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists | |
486 | |
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487 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be |
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488 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
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489 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are |
25474 | 490 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
491 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
492 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers | |
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493 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or |
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494 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address} |
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495 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these |
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496 details. |
25474 | 497 |
498 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions | |
499 @section What is the current address of the FSF? | |
500 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF | |
501 @cindex Postal address of the FSF | |
502 @cindex Contracting the FSF | |
503 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting | |
504 | |
505 @table @asis | |
506 | |
507 @item E-mail | |
508 gnu@@gnu.org | |
509 | |
510 @item Telephone | |
511 +1-617-542-5942 | |
512 | |
513 @item Fax | |
514 +1-617-542-2652 | |
515 | |
516 @item World Wide Web | |
517 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} | |
518 | |
519 @item Postal address | |
520 Free Software Foundation@* | |
521 59 Temple Place - Suite 330@* | |
522 Boston, MA 02111-1307@* | |
523 USA@* | |
524 | |
525 @end table | |
526 | |
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527 @cindex Ordering GNU software |
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528 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the |
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529 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
25474 | 530 |
531 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
532 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top | |
533 @chapter Getting help | |
534 @cindex Getting help | |
535 | |
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536 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs |
25474 | 537 |
538 @menu | |
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539 * Basic editing:: |
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540 * Learning how to do something:: |
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541 * Getting a printed manual:: |
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542 * Emacs Lisp documentation:: |
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543 * Installing Texinfo documentation:: |
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544 * Printing a Texinfo file:: |
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545 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs:: |
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546 * Informational files for Emacs:: |
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547 * Help installing Emacs:: |
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548 * Obtaining the FAQ:: |
25474 | 549 @end menu |
550 | |
551 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help | |
552 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
553 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs | |
554 @cindex Beginning editing | |
555 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the | |
556 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the | |
557 @cindex Help system, entering the | |
558 | |
559 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h} | |
560 enters the help system. | |
561 | |
562 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like | |
563 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x | |
564 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any) | |
565 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET} | |
566 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key | |
567 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key | |
568 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
569 | |
570 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value | |
571 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}. | |
572 | |
573 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also | |
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574 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at |
25474 | 575 |
576 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html} | |
577 | |
578 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help | |
579 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? | |
580 @cindex Help for Emacs | |
581 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs | |
582 @cindex Reference card for Emacs | |
583 @cindex Overview of help systems | |
584 | |
585 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
586 | |
587 @itemize @bullet | |
588 | |
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589 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual |
25474 | 590 @item |
591 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info | |
592 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h} | |
593 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to | |
594 use it. | |
595 | |
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596 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual |
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597 @cindex Index search in a manual |
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598 @item |
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599 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain |
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600 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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601 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the |
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602 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this |
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603 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,} |
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604 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and |
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605 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the |
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606 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.) |
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607 |
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608 @cindex Apropos |
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609 @item |
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610 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
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611 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x |
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612 command-apropos}). |
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613 |
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614 @cindex Command description in the manual |
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615 @item |
54478 | 616 The command @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts |
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617 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the |
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618 Emacs manual where that command is described. |
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619 |
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620 @cindex Finding commands and variables |
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621 @item |
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622 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
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623 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}. |
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624 |
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625 @item |
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626 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation |
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627 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x |
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628 apropos-documentation}. |
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629 |
25474 | 630 @item |
631 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a | |
632 printed manual}. | |
633 | |
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634 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages |
25474 | 635 @item |
636 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to | |
637 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), | |
638 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or | |
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639 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with |
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640 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the |
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641 reference card into several languages; look for files named |
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642 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code |
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643 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card |
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644 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}. |
25474 | 645 |
646 @item | |
647 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and | |
648 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after | |
649 @kbd{C-h}. | |
650 | |
651 @end itemize | |
652 | |
653 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help | |
654 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? | |
655 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining | |
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656 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
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657 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
25474 | 658 |
659 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For | |
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660 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
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661 |
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662 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent! |
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663 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man} |
25474 | 664 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to |
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665 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo |
25474 | 666 file}). |
667 | |
668 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{}, | |
669 you can get a PostScript version from | |
670 | |
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671 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz} |
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672 |
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673 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining |
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674 An HTML version of the manual is at |
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675 |
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676 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html} |
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677 |
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678 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line. |
25474 | 679 |
680 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help | |
681 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? | |
682 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp | |
683 @cindex Function documentation | |
684 @cindex Variable documentation | |
685 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
686 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp | |
687 | |
688 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a | |
689 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable. | |
690 | |
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691 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details |
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|
692 on ordering it from FSF are on the |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
693 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
25474 | 694 |
695 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info | |
696 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info | |
697 files) is available at | |
698 | |
34741
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|
699 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz} |
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diff
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|
700 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
701 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
13240ff7920b
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|
702 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want |
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|
703 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want |
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|
704 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself. |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
705 |
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|
706 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at |
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diff
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|
707 |
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|
708 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html} |
25474 | 709 |
710 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help | |
711 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
712 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing | |
713 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation | |
714 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing | |
715 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files | |
34741
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|
716 @cindex Info files, how to install |
25474 | 717 |
718 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this | |
719 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest | |
720 Texinfo package at | |
721 | |
34741
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|
722 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz} |
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|
723 |
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changeset
|
724 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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|
725 distributions}). |
25474 | 726 |
727 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
34741
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|
728 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in |
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|
729 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo |
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|
730 @key{RET}}. |
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|
731 |
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|
732 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x |
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parents:
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|
733 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the |
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parents:
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|
734 manual you want to convert. |
25474 | 735 |
736 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the | |
34741
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|
737 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files, |
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|
738 perform these steps: |
25474 | 739 |
740 @enumerate | |
34741
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|
741 @item |
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changeset
|
742 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
743 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
744 is. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
745 |
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|
746 @item |
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|
747 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
748 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this: |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
749 |
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changeset
|
750 @example |
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|
751 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file} |
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|
752 @end example |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
753 |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
754 @noindent |
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parents:
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changeset
|
755 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied |
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|
756 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file |
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|
757 you produced and want to install. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
758 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
759 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
760 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and |
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|
761 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are |
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|
762 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
25474 | 763 |
764 @example | |
765 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
766 @end example | |
767 | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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|
768 @end enumerate |
25474 | 769 |
770 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
771 privileges, you have several options: | |
772 | |
773 @itemize @bullet | |
774 @item | |
775 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
776 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by | |
777 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in | |
34741
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|
778 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For |
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|
779 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home |
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changeset
|
780 directory, you can type this: |
25474 | 781 |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
782 @example |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
783 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}} |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
784 @end example |
25474 | 785 |
786 @item | |
34741
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|
787 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that |
25474 | 788 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
789 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info | |
34741
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changeset
|
790 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info}, |
25474 | 791 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
792 | |
793 @lisp | |
794 (setq Info-default-directory-list | |
795 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) | |
796 @end lisp | |
797 | |
798 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory | |
34741
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|
799 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should |
25474 | 800 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need |
801 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir} | |
802 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in | |
803 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system. | |
804 | |
805 @end itemize | |
806 | |
807 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help | |
808 @section How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
809 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file | |
810 @cindex Texinfo file, printing | |
34741
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|
811 @cindex Printing documentation |
25474 | 812 |
813 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have | |
814 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
815 | |
816 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps: | |
817 | |
818 @enumerate | |
819 | |
34741
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|
820 @item |
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changeset
|
821 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
25474 | 822 |
823 @example | |
824 \input texinfo | |
825 @end example | |
826 | |
34741
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|
827 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the |
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|
828 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as |
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|
829 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory). |
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|
830 |
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changeset
|
831 @item |
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changeset
|
832 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is |
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|
833 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a |
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changeset
|
834 printed copy. |
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changeset
|
835 |
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changeset
|
836 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution |
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|
837 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
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changeset
|
838 |
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changeset
|
839 @item |
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changeset
|
840 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for |
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|
841 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript |
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|
842 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that |
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|
843 printer. |
25474 | 844 |
845 @end enumerate | |
846 | |
847 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
848 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
25474 | 849 |
850 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help | |
851 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs? | |
852 @cindex Viewing Info files | |
853 @cindex Info file viewers | |
854 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers | |
855 | |
856 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: | |
857 | |
858 @itemize @bullet | |
859 | |
34741
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|
860 @item |
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|
861 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of |
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|
862 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for |
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|
863 details. |
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|
864 |
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changeset
|
865 @item |
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|
866 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
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|
867 Window system. You can get it at |
25474 | 868 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all |
34741
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|
869 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a |
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changeset
|
870 list of mirrors). |
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|
871 |
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|
872 @item |
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changeset
|
873 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk. |
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|
874 You can get Tkinfo at |
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|
875 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}. |
25474 | 876 |
877 @end itemize | |
878 | |
879 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help | |
880 @section What informational files are available for Emacs? | |
881 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs | |
882 @cindex Files included with Emacs | |
883 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file | |
884 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file | |
885 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file | |
886 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file | |
887 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file | |
888 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file | |
889 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file | |
890 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file | |
891 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file | |
892 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file | |
893 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file | |
894 | |
895 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
896 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project | |
897 are available for you to read. | |
898 | |
899 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the | |
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900 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure |
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901 where that is). |
25474 | 902 |
903 @table @file | |
904 | |
905 @item COPYING | |
906 Emacs General Public License | |
907 | |
908 @item DISTRIB | |
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909 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular Free Software |
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910 Foundation Order Form |
25474 | 911 |
912 @item FTP | |
913 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
914 | |
915 @item GNU | |
916 The GNU Manifesto | |
917 | |
918 @item INTERVIEW | |
919 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software | |
920 system with BYTE editors | |
921 | |
922 @item LPF | |
923 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom | |
924 | |
925 @item MACHINES | |
926 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
927 | |
928 @item MAILINGLISTS | |
929 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
930 | |
931 @item NEWS | |
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932 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes |
25474 | 933 |
934 @item SERVICE | |
935 GNU Service Directory | |
936 | |
937 @item SUN-SUPPORT | |
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938 including ``Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs'' |
25474 | 939 |
940 @end table | |
941 | |
942 Latest versions of the above files also available at | |
943 | |
944 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/} | |
945 | |
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946 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's |
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947 Bulletin}, are at |
25474 | 948 |
949 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and | |
950 | |
951 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html} | |
952 | |
953 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help | |
954 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs? | |
955 @cindex Installation help | |
956 @cindex Help installing Emacs | |
957 | |
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958 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see |
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959 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you |
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960 have problems with the installation. |
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961 |
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962 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're |
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963 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell |
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964 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file |
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965 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for |
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966 Emacs}). |
25474 | 967 |
968 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help | |
969 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ? | |
970 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the | |
971 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the | |
972 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version | |
973 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via | |
974 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the | |
975 | |
976 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
977 | |
978 @itemize @bullet | |
979 | |
980 @item | |
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981 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs |
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982 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top |
54478 | 983 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h C-f} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). |
25474 | 984 |
985 @item | |
986 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your | |
987 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and | |
988 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you | |
989 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you | |
990 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for | |
991 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command | |
992 will do this for you at the article selection level: | |
993 | |
994 @example | |
995 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m | |
996 @end example | |
997 | |
998 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*} | |
999 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view | |
1000 all articles in a newsgroup. | |
1001 | |
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1002 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news |
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1003 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news |
25474 | 1004 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
1005 while. | |
1006 | |
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1007 @item |
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1008 Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from |
25474 | 1009 |
1010 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and | |
1011 | |
1012 @uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/} | |
1013 | |
1014 @item | |
1015 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time | |
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1016 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either |
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1017 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}). |
25474 | 1018 |
1019 @item | |
1020 Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at | |
1021 | |
1022 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} | |
1023 | |
1024 @item | |
1025 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in | |
1026 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to | |
1027 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at | |
1028 | |
1029 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and | |
1030 | |
1031 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/} | |
1032 | |
1033 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives | |
1034 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be | |
1035 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a | |
1036 blank subject and containing | |
1037 | |
1038 @example | |
1039 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs | |
1040 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
1041 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
1042 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
1043 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
1044 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
1045 @end example | |
1046 | |
1047 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} | |
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1048 with @samp{help} and @samp{index} in the body on separate lines. |
25474 | 1049 |
1050 @item | |
1051 As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
1052 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a | |
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1053 good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed |
25474 | 1054 above. |
1055 | |
1056 @end itemize | |
1057 | |
1058 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
1059 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top | |
1060 @chapter Status of Emacs | |
1061 @cindex Status of Emacs | |
1062 | |
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1063 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its |
25474 | 1064 latest version status. |
1065 | |
1066 @menu | |
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1067 * Origin of the term Emacs:: |
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1068 * Latest version of Emacs:: |
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1069 * New in Emacs 20:: |
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1070 * New in Emacs 21:: |
25474 | 1071 @end menu |
1072 | |
1073 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
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1074 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from? |
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1075 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs'' |
25474 | 1076 @cindex Emacs name origin |
1077 @cindex TECO | |
1078 @cindex Original version of Emacs | |
1079 | |
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1080 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked |
25474 | 1081 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
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1082 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT |
25474 | 1083 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
1084 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended | |
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1085 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. |
25474 | 1086 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project |
1087 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, | |
1088 and completed by RMS. | |
1089 | |
1090 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you | |
1091 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO | |
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1092 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not |
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1093 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the |
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1094 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
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1095 |
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1096 @cindex Why Emacs? |
25474 | 1097 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that |
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1098 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name |
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1099 conventions}). |
25474 | 1100 |
1101 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
1102 @section What is the latest version of Emacs? | |
1103 @cindex Version, latest | |
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1104 @cindex Latest version of Emacs |
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1105 |
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1106 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. |
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1107 |
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1108 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs |
25474 | 1109 @section What is different about Emacs 20? |
1110 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20 | |
1111 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in | |
1112 | |
54478 | 1113 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h C-n} |
25474 | 1114 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of |
1115 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at | |
1116 the top. | |
1117 | |
1118 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; | |
1119 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was | |
1120 obvious to even the most casual user. | |
1121 | |
1122 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many | |
1123 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion | |
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1124 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing |
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1125 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for |
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1126 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion |
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1127 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms. |
25474 | 1128 |
1129 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the | |
1130 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20, | |
1131 and are now included with the standard distribution. | |
1132 | |
1133 | |
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1134 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs |
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1135 @section What is different about Emacs 21? |
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1136 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21 |
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1137 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in |
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1138 @cindex Recently introduced features |
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1139 |
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1140 @cindex Variable-size fonts |
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1141 @cindex Toolbar support |
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1142 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new |
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1143 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds |
46918
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1144 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearance of |
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1145 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of |
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1146 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and |
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1147 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips |
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1148 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties. |
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1149 |
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654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1150 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1151 @cindex TTY colors |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1152 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1153 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1154 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1155 |
25474 | 1156 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
1157 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top | |
1158 @chapter Common requests | |
1159 @cindex Common requests | |
1160 | |
1161 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1162 * Setting up a customization file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1163 * Debugging a customization file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1164 * Colors on a TTY:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1165 * Displaying the current line or column:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1166 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1167 * Turning on abbrevs by default:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1168 * Turning on auto-fill by default:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1169 * Associating modes with files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1170 * Working with unprintable characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1171 * Highlighting a region:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1172 * Controlling case sensitivity:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1173 * Wrapping words automatically:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1174 * Spell-checkers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1175 * Checking TeX and *roff documents:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1176 * Changing load-path:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1177 * Using an already running Emacs process:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1178 * Compiler error messages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1179 * Indenting switch statements:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1180 * Customizing C and C++ indentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1181 * Horizontal scrolling:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1182 * Overwrite mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1183 * Turning off beeping:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1184 * Turning the volume down:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1185 * Automatic indentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1186 * Matching parentheses:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1187 * Hiding #ifdef lines:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1188 * Repeating commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1189 * Valid X resources:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1190 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1191 * Changing the length of a Tab:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1192 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1193 * Underlining paragraphs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1194 * Repeating a command as many times as possible:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1195 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1196 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1197 * Using regular expressions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1198 * Replacing text across multiple files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1199 * Documentation for etags:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1200 * Disabling backups:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1201 * Disabling auto-save-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1202 * Going to a line by number:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1203 * Modifying pull-down menus:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1204 * Deleting menus and menu options:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1205 * Turning on syntax highlighting:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1206 * Scrolling only one line:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1207 * Replacing highlighted text:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1208 * Editing MS-DOS files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1209 * Filling paragraphs with a single space:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1210 * Escape sequences in shell output:: |
25474 | 1211 @end menu |
1212 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1213 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests |
25474 | 1214 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly? |
1215 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
1216 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, locating |
25474 | 1217 @cindex Init file, setting up |
1218 @cindex Customization file, setting up | |
1219 | |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
1220 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}. |
25474 | 1221 |
1222 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because | |
1223 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1224 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as | |
1225 documented. | |
1226 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1227 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1228 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1229 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1230 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1231 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1232 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1233 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1234 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, |
25474 | 1235 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1236 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described |
25474 | 1237 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users |
1238 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks. | |
1239 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1240 Sometimes users are unsure as to where their @file{.emacs} file should |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1241 be found. Visiting the file as @file{~/.emacs} from Emacs will find |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1242 the correct file. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1243 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1244 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1245 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1246 @cindex Colors on a TTY |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1247 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1248 @cindex Console, colors |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1249 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
1250 In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode, |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1251 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1252 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1253 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1254 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1255 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1256 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1257 capabilities. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1258 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1259 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1260 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1261 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1262 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1263 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1264 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1265 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests |
25474 | 1266 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file? |
1267 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
1268 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging | |
1269 @cindex Init file debugging | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1270 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option |
25474 | 1271 |
1272 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This | |
1273 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs} | |
1274 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top | |
1275 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the | |
1276 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your | |
1277 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem. | |
1278 | |
1279 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function | |
1280 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the | |
1281 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x | |
1282 eval-last-sexp}). | |
1283 | |
1284 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of | |
1285 variables which you are trying to set or use. | |
1286 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1287 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests |
25474 | 1288 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
1289 @cindex @code{line-number-mode} | |
1290 @cindex Displaying the current line or column | |
1291 @cindex Line number, displaying the current | |
1292 @cindex Column, displaying the current | |
1293 @cindex @code{mode-line-format} | |
1294 | |
1295 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point | |
1296 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the | |
1297 form | |
1298 | |
1299 @lisp | |
1300 (setq line-number-mode t) | |
1301 @end lisp | |
1302 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1303 @noindent |
25474 | 1304 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1305 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1306 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1307 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1308 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}. |
25474 | 1309 |
1310 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with | |
1311 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form | |
1312 | |
1313 @lisp | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1314 (setq column-number-mode t) |
25474 | 1315 @end lisp |
1316 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
1317 @noindent |
25474 | 1318 in your @file{.emacs} file. |
1319 | |
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|
1320 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format} |
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|
1321 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the |
25474 | 1322 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v |
1323 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use | |
1324 this variable. | |
1325 | |
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|
1326 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the |
13240ff7920b
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|
1327 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per |
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|
1328 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for |
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|
1329 instructions on how to get it. |
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|
1330 |
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|
1331 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators |
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|
1332 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number'' |
50780
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|
1333 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). The @samp{setnu} package |
3c9a6397c579
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1334 written by @email{kyle@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} provides this |
3c9a6397c579
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parents:
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|
1335 feature. So too does @samp{wb-line-number}, written by |
3c9a6397c579
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1336 @email{naoki.y.nakamura@@nifty.com, Naoki Nakamura}. |
25474 | 1337 |
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|
1338 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests |
d26ad6e1f13f
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|
1339 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name? |
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Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
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|
1340 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in |
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Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
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|
1341 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar |
25474 | 1342 @cindex @code{frame-title-format} |
1343 | |
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|
1344 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
25474 | 1345 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable |
1346 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x | |
1347 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these | |
1348 variables.) | |
1349 | |
1350 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer | |
1351 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a | |
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|
1352 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the |
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|
1353 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting |
25474 | 1354 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of |
1355 | |
1356 @lisp | |
1357 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name)) | |
1358 @end lisp | |
1359 | |
1360 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's | |
1361 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following | |
1362 in your @file{.emacs}: | |
1363 | |
1364 @lisp | |
1365 (setq frame-title-format "%b") | |
1366 @end lisp | |
1367 | |
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|
1368 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests |
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|
1369 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}? |
25474 | 1370 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default |
1371 | |
1372 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1373 | |
1374 @lisp | |
1375 (condition-case () | |
1376 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) | |
1377 (file-error nil)) | |
1378 | |
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|
1379 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook |
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|
1380 (lambda () |
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|
1381 (setq abbrev-mode t))) |
25474 | 1382 @end lisp |
1383 | |
1384 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests | |
1385 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default? | |
1386 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically | |
1387 @cindex Filling automatically | |
1388 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode} | |
1389 | |
1390 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
1391 auto-fill-mode}. | |
1392 | |
1393 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook | |
1394 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all | |
1395 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1396 | |
1397 @lisp | |
1398 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1399 @end lisp | |
1400 | |
1401 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1402 | |
1403 @lisp | |
1404 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) | |
1405 @end lisp | |
1406 | |
1407 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests | |
1408 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1409 @cindex Associating modes with files | |
1410 @cindex File extensions and modes | |
1411 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying | |
1412 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions | |
1413 | |
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|
1414 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end |
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|
1415 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you: |
25474 | 1416 |
1417 @lisp | |
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|
1418 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
25474 | 1419 @end lisp |
1420 | |
1421 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
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|
1422 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins |
13240ff7920b
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|
1423 with @samp{#!}): |
25474 | 1424 |
1425 @example | |
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|
1426 -*- @var{foo} -*- |
25474 | 1427 @end example |
1428 | |
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|
1429 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts |
25474 | 1430 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} |
1431 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs | |
1432 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of | |
34741
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|
1433 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't |
25474 | 1434 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x |
1435 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more. | |
1436 | |
1437 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests | |
1438 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters? | |
1439 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with | |
1440 @cindex Working with unprintable characters | |
1441 @cindex Control characters, working with | |
1442 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with | |
1443 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters | |
1444 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters | |
1445 | |
1446 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1447 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes | |
1448 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).) | |
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|
1449 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a |
13240ff7920b
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|
1450 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for |
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|
1451 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable |
25474 | 1452 chars. |
1453 | |
1454 @itemize @bullet | |
1455 | |
1456 @item | |
1457 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1458 | |
1459 @item | |
1460 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1461 | |
1462 @end itemize | |
1463 | |
1464 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1465 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to | |
1466 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand | |
1467 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So, | |
1468 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}: | |
1469 | |
1470 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}} | |
1471 | |
1472 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}: | |
1473 | |
40705 | 1474 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]} |
25474 | 1475 |
1476 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: | |
1477 | |
1478 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}} | |
1479 | |
1480 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable | |
1481 characters with a colon, use: | |
1482 | |
1483 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET} | |
1484 | |
1485 @itemize @bullet | |
1486 | |
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|
1487 @item |
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|
1488 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing |
25474 | 1489 something in the minibuffer. |
1490 | |
1491 @end itemize | |
1492 | |
1493 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests | |
1494 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1495 @cindex Highlighting text | |
1496 @cindex Text, highlighting | |
1497 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode} | |
1498 @cindex Region, highlighting a | |
1499 | |
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|
1500 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
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|
1501 including |
25474 | 1502 |
1503 @lisp | |
1504 (transient-mark-mode t) | |
1505 @end lisp | |
1506 | |
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|
1507 @noindent |
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|
1508 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax |
13240ff7920b
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|
1509 highlighting}.) |
25474 | 1510 |
1511 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests | |
1512 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1513 @cindex @code{case-fold-search} | |
1514 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches | |
1515 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity | |
1516 @cindex Ignoring case in searches | |
1517 | |
1518 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} | |
1519 determines whether they are case sensitive: | |
1520 | |
1521 @lisp | |
1522 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1523 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1524 @end lisp | |
1525 | |
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|
1526 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements |
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|
1527 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity |
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|
1528 @cindex @code{case-replace} |
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|
1529 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines |
25474 | 1530 whether replacements preserve case. |
1531 | |
1532 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1533 mode's hook. For example: | |
1534 | |
1535 @lisp | |
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|
1536 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook |
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parents:
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|
1537 (lambda () |
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|
1538 (setq case-fold-search nil))) |
25474 | 1539 @end lisp |
1540 | |
1541 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests | |
1542 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1543 @cindex Wrapping word automatically | |
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|
1544 @cindex Wrapping lines |
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|
1545 @cindex Line wrap |
25474 | 1546 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to |
1547 @cindex Maximum line width, default value | |
1548 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value | |
1549 | |
1550 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}. | |
1551 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable | |
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|
1552 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see |
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|
1553 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}. |
25474 | 1554 |
1555 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests | |
1556 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1557 @cindex Checking spelling | |
1558 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents | |
1559 | |
1560 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}. | |
1561 | |
1562 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests | |
1563 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents? | |
1564 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents | |
1565 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in | |
1566 | |
1567 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents. | |
1568 @xref{Ispell}. | |
1569 | |
1570 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests | |
1571 @section How do I change @code{load-path}? | |
1572 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying | |
1573 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path} | |
1574 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path} | |
1575 | |
1576 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add | |
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|
1577 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this: |
25474 | 1578 |
1579 @lisp | |
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|
1580 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1581 @end lisp |
1582 | |
1583 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1584 | |
1585 @lisp | |
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|
1586 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path) |
25474 | 1587 @end lisp |
1588 | |
1589 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests | |
1590 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1591 @cindex @code{emacsclient} | |
1592 @cindex Emacs server functions | |
1593 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process | |
1594 | |
1595 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using | |
1596 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does | |
1597 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be | |
1598 expecting the request. | |
1599 | |
1600 @itemize @bullet | |
1601 | |
1602 @item | |
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|
1603 Setup: |
25474 | 1604 |
1605 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for | |
1606 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line | |
1607 option: | |
1608 | |
1609 @example | |
1610 emacs -f server-start | |
1611 @end example | |
1612 | |
1613 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}: | |
1614 | |
1615 @lisp | |
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|
1616 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start)) |
25474 | 1617 @end lisp |
1618 | |
47614
c959ab9efa1f
Remove emacsserver.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46918
diff
changeset
|
1619 When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket. |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1620 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory, |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1621 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1622 directory, depending on your system. See @code{server-socket-name}. |
25474 | 1623 |
1624 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke | |
1625 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} | |
1626 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may | |
1627 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program | |
1628 instead. Examples: | |
1629 | |
1630 @example | |
1631 # csh commands: | |
1632 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1633 | |
1634 # using full pathname | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1635 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient |
25474 | 1636 |
1637 # sh command: | |
1638 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR | |
1639 @end example | |
1640 | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1641 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1642 Normal use: |
25474 | 1643 |
1644 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server} | |
1645 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1646 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the |
25474 | 1647 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files |
1648 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The | |
1649 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is | |
1650 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x | |
1651 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1652 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1653 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue. |
25474 | 1654 |
1655 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which | |
1656 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that | |
1657 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that | |
1658 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1659 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1660 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1661 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1662 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program. |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1663 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1664 @cindex @code{gnuserv} |
25474 | 1665 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1666 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman} |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1667 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1668 Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most network connections. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1669 It also supports the execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1670 not require the client program to wait for completion. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1671 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1672 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at |
25474 | 1673 |
1674 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz} | |
1675 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1676 The version available from @uref{http://meltin.net/hacks/emacs/} is |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
1677 more recent, and has been tested with Emacs 21.2. |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
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changeset
|
1678 |
25474 | 1679 @end itemize |
1680 | |
1681 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests | |
1682 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1683 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing | |
1684 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors | |
1685 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors | |
1686 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler | |
1687 | |
1688 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1689 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1690 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1691 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1692 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1693 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1694 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1695 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1696 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1697 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1698 following to inform Emacs of your changes: |
25474 | 1699 |
1700 @lisp | |
1701 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1702 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx}) |
25474 | 1703 compilation-error-regexp-alist)) |
1704 @end lisp | |
1705 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1706 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests |
25474 | 1707 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}? |
1708 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting | |
1709 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch} | |
1710 | |
1711 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this: | |
1712 | |
1713 @example | |
1714 f() | |
1715 @{ | |
1716 switch(x) @{ | |
1717 case A: | |
1718 x1; | |
1719 break; | |
1720 case B: | |
1721 x2; | |
1722 break; | |
1723 default: | |
1724 x3; | |
1725 @} | |
1726 @} | |
1727 @end example | |
1728 | |
1729 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and | |
1730 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation | |
1731 spacing of four instead of two. | |
1732 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1733 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1734 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1735 @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 1736 |
1737 @lisp | |
1738 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) | |
1739 @end lisp | |
1740 | |
1741 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}. | |
1742 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1743 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1744 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1745 @cindex Indentation, how to customize |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1746 @cindex Customize indentation |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1747 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1748 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1749 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1750 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1751 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1752 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1753 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1754 @enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1755 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1756 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1757 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1758 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1759 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1760 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1761 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1762 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1763 one of these: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1764 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1765 @table @code |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1766 @item 0 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1767 No extra indentation. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1768 @item + |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1769 Indent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1770 @item - |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1771 Outdent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1772 @item ++ |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1773 Indent two basic offsets |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1774 @item -- |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1775 Outdent two basic offsets. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1776 @item * |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1777 Indent half basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1778 @item / |
37079
dc7cb733ffc7
Fix a typo in the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36977
diff
changeset
|
1779 Outdent half basic offset. |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1780 @end table |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1781 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1782 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1783 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1784 the line or the block according to what you just specified. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1785 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1786 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1787 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1788 following line to your @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1789 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1790 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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1791 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset}) |
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1792 @end lisp |
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|
1793 |
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|
1794 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1795 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1796 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1797 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+}, |
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|
1798 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1799 procedure. |
cd1988377f17
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|
1800 |
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|
1801 @item |
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|
1802 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1803 the process there. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1804 @end enumerate |
cd1988377f17
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|
1805 |
cd1988377f17
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|
1806 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)} |
cd1988377f17
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|
1807 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1808 |
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|
1809 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
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|
1810 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1811 (c-set-offset ...) |
cd1988377f17
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|
1812 (c-set-offset ...)) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1813 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) |
cd1988377f17
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|
1814 @end lisp |
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|
1815 |
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|
1816 @noindent |
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|
1817 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1818 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1819 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded. |
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|
1820 |
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1821 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use |
cd1988377f17
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|
1822 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1823 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1824 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1825 @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
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(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1826 |
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|
1827 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests |
25474 | 1828 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
1829 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode} | |
1830 @cindex Horizontal scrolling | |
1831 @cindex Scrolling horizontally | |
1832 | |
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1833 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable |
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1834 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs |
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1835 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the |
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1836 left or right edge of the window. |
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1837 |
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1838 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from |
25474 | 1839 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}: |
1840 | |
1841 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the | |
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1842 left or right edge of the window. |
25474 | 1843 |
1844 @itemize @minus | |
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1845 @item |
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1846 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer. |
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|
1847 |
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|
1848 @item |
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1849 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer. |
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|
1850 |
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1851 @item |
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1852 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in: |
25474 | 1853 |
1854 @lisp | |
1855 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) | |
1856 @end lisp | |
1857 | |
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1858 @item |
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1859 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the |
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|
1860 edge of the window. |
25474 | 1861 |
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1862 @item |
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1863 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
25474 | 1864 @end itemize |
1865 | |
1866 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests | |
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1867 @section How do I make Emacs ``typeover'' or ``overwrite'' instead of inserting? |
25474 | 1868 @cindex @key{Insert} |
1869 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1870 @cindex Overwriting existing text | |
1871 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1872 | |
1873 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles | |
1874 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1875 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}. | |
1876 | |
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1877 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off. |
25474 | 1878 |
1879 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests | |
1880 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1881 @cindex Beeping, turning off | |
1882 @cindex Visible bell | |
1883 @cindex Bell, visible | |
1884 | |
1885 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes: | |
1886 | |
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1887 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell, |
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1888 and set the visible bell to nothing. |
25474 | 1889 |
1890 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable | |
1891 (assuming you have one): | |
1892 | |
1893 @example | |
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1894 ... :vb=: ... |
25474 | 1895 @end example |
1896 | |
1897 And evaluate the following Lisp form: | |
1898 | |
1899 @example | |
1900 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1901 @end example | |
1902 | |
1903 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests | |
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1904 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X? |
25474 | 1905 @cindex Bell, volume of |
1906 @cindex Volume of bell | |
1907 | |
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1908 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all |
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1909 programs with the shell command @code{xset}. |
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1910 |
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1911 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic |
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1912 information, including the following: |
25474 | 1913 |
1914 @example | |
1915 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... | |
1916 To turn bell off: | |
1917 -b b off b 0 | |
1918 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: | |
1919 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on | |
1920 @end example | |
1921 | |
1922 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests | |
1923 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line? | |
1924 @cindex Indenting new lines | |
1925 @cindex New lines, indenting of | |
1926 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to | |
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1927 @cindex Text indentation |
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1928 |
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1929 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the |
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1930 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2: |
25474 | 1931 |
1932 @example | |
1933 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes | |
1934 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, | |
1935 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text | |
1936 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical | |
1937 difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1938 | |
1939 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1940 and is an alias for it. | |
1941 | |
1942 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use | |
1943 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1944 @end example | |
1945 | |
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1946 @cindex Prefixing lines |
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1947 @cindex Fill prefix |
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1948 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill |
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1949 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain |
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1950 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the |
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1951 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .} |
25474 | 1952 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
1953 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of | |
1954 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill | |
1955 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1956 | |
1957 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will | |
1958 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a | |
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1959 new paragraph. There are many packages available to deal with this |
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1960 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Look for ``fill'' and |
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1961 ``indent'' keywords for guidance. |
25474 | 1962 |
1963 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests | |
1964 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1965 @cindex Parentheses, matching | |
1966 @cindex @file{paren.el} | |
1967 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses | |
1968 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting | |
1969 @cindex Matching parentheses | |
1970 | |
1971 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded) | |
1972 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e., | |
1973 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically, | |
1974 include the line | |
1975 | |
1976 @lisp | |
1977 (require 'paren) | |
1978 @end lisp | |
1979 | |
1980 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko} | |
1981 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in | |
1982 your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1983 | |
1984 @lisp | |
1985 (show-paren-mode 1) | |
1986 @end lisp | |
1987 | |
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1988 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x |
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1989 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within |
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1990 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group. |
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|
1991 |
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1992 Alternatives to paren include: |
25474 | 1993 |
1994 @itemize @bullet | |
1995 | |
1996 @item | |
1997 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
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1998 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to |
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1999 the matching parenthesis. |
25474 | 2000 |
2001 @item | |
40705 | 2002 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp}) |
25474 | 2003 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which |
2004 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2005 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2006 |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2007 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi} |
25474 | 2008 @item |
2009 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2010 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
25474 | 2011 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. |
2012 | |
2013 @lisp | |
2014 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
2015 | |
2016 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
2017 | |
2018 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
2019 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." | |
2020 (interactive "p") | |
2021 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
2022 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
2023 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
2024 @end lisp | |
2025 | |
2026 @end itemize | |
2027 | |
2028 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests | |
2029 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler? | |
2030 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of | |
2031 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode} | |
2032 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text | |
2033 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code | |
2034 | |
2035 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2036 to investigate @file{cpp.el}, which is distributed with Emacs. |
25474 | 2037 |
2038 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests | |
2039 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi? | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2040 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi} |
25474 | 2041 @cindex Command, repeat last |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2042 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
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changeset
|
2043 |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2044 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2045 insertion/deletion.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2046 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2047 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z}) |
25474 | 2048 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix |
2049 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command. | |
2050 | |
2051 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} | |
2052 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the | |
2053 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2054 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2055 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex |
25474 | 2056 commands you've typed. |
2057 | |
2058 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard | |
2059 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.) | |
2060 | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2061 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2062 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2063 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.) |
25474 | 2064 |
2065 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests | |
2066 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
2067 @cindex Resources, X | |
2068 @cindex X resources | |
2069 @cindex Setting X resources | |
2070 | |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
2071 @inforef{X Resources, X Resources, emacs}. |
25474 | 2072 |
2073 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and | |
2074 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs | |
2075 was compiled with the X toolkit. | |
2076 | |
2077 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2078 @section How do I execute (``evaluate'') a piece of Emacs Lisp code? |
25474 | 2079 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code |
2080 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating | |
2081 | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2082 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2083 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}: |
25474 | 2084 |
2085 @itemize @bullet | |
2086 | |
2087 @item | |
2088 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2089 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2090 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations. |
25474 | 2091 |
2092 @item | |
2093 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type | |
2094 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form | |
2095 will be inserted in the buffer. | |
2096 | |
2097 @item | |
40705 | 2098 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form |
25474 | 2099 before or around point. |
2100 | |
2101 @item | |
2102 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
2103 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
2104 | |
2105 @item | |
2106 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2107 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}. |
25474 | 2108 |
2109 @item | |
2110 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp | |
2111 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load} | |
2112 instead.) | |
2113 | |
2114 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region}, | |
2115 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2116 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
2117 about them. |
25474 | 2118 |
2119 @end itemize | |
2120 | |
2121 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests | |
2122 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length? | |
2123 @cindex Tab length | |
2124 @cindex Length of tab character | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2125 @cindex @code{default-tab-width} |
25474 | 2126 |
2127 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set | |
2128 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your | |
2129 @file{.emacs} file: | |
2130 | |
2131 @lisp | |
2132 (setq default-tab-width 10) | |
2133 @end lisp | |
2134 | |
2135 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable | |
2136 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal | |
2137 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted | |
2138 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes. | |
2139 | |
2140 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests | |
2141 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line? | |
2142 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies | |
2143 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character | |
2144 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix} | |
2145 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2146 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2147 | |
2148 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp | |
2149 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}. | |
2150 | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2151 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}. |
25474 | 2152 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you |
2153 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2154 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole |
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2155 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2156 |
2157 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2158 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use |
25474 | 2159 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2160 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2161 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2162 additional information. |
25474 | 2163 |
2164 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2165 @section How do I insert @samp{_^H} before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph? |
25474 | 2166 @cindex Underlining a region of text |
2167 @cindex @code{underline-region} | |
2168 | |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
2169 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2170 |
2171 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests | |
2172 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
34741
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parents:
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|
2173 @cindex Repeating commands many times |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2174 @cindex Commands, repeating many times |
25474 | 2175 |
2176 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes | |
2177 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}. | |
2178 | |
2179 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed. | |
2180 | |
34741
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parents:
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|
2181 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
2182 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}. |
13240ff7920b
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|
2183 |
25474 | 2184 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests |
2185 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
2186 @cindex @code{picture-mode} | |
2187 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents | |
2188 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents | |
2189 | |
2190 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}. | |
2191 | |
2192 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests | |
2193 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2194 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System |
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2195 @cindex X Window System and iconification |
25474 | 2196 @cindex Suspending Emacs |
2197 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2198 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
2199 otherwise. @inforef{Frame Commands, Frame Commands, emacs}. |
25474 | 2200 |
2201 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests | |
2202 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
2203 @cindex Regexps | |
2204 @cindex Regular expressions | |
2205 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps | |
2206 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs | |
2207 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in | |
2208 | |
2209 @inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}. | |
2210 | |
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|
2211 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators |
25474 | 2212 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is |
2213 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)} | |
2214 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}. | |
2215 | |
34741
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|
2216 Note the doubled backslashes! |
25474 | 2217 |
2218 @itemize @bullet | |
2219 | |
34741
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|
2220 @item |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2221 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set |
13240ff7920b
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|
2222 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@: |
13240ff7920b
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|
2223 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the |
25474 | 2224 characters not to match. |
2225 | |
34741
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|
2226 @item |
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|
2227 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not |
25474 | 2228 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This |
2229 is actually typical for regexp syntax.) | |
2230 | |
2231 @end itemize | |
2232 | |
2233 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests | |
2234 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
2235 @cindex Replacing strings across files | |
2236 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across | |
2237 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple | |
2238 | |
34741
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|
2239 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command |
25474 | 2240 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the |
34741
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|
2241 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, |
25474 | 2242 emacs}. |
2243 | |
2244 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x | |
2245 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows | |
2246 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files. | |
2247 | |
2248 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests | |
34741
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|
2249 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}? |
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|
2250 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags} |
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|
2251 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for |
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|
2252 |
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|
2253 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the |
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|
2254 @code{emacs} man page. |
25474 | 2255 |
2256 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, | |
2257 @samp{etags -H}. | |
2258 | |
2259 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests | |
2260 @section How do I disable backup files? | |
2261 @cindex Backups, disabling | |
2262 @cindex Disabling backups | |
2263 | |
34741
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|
2264 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2265 when something goes wrong. |
25474 | 2266 |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2267 To avoid seeing backup files (and other ``uninteresting'' files) in Dired, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2268 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2269 |
2270 @lisp | |
2271 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2272 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2273 (load "dired-x"))) |
25474 | 2274 @end lisp |
2275 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2276 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer. |
25474 | 2277 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
2278 following in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2279 | |
2280 @lisp | |
30692
b2cc8b3e837e
(Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30009
diff
changeset
|
2281 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle) |
25474 | 2282 @end lisp |
2283 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2284 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2285 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2286 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2287 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2288 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2289 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, , |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2290 emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2291 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2292 @cindex Backup files in a single directory |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2293 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2294 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2295 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2296 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2297 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2298 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}. |
25474 | 2299 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2300 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests |
25474 | 2301 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}? |
2302 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode} | |
2303 @cindex Auto-saving | |
2304 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals | |
2305 | |
2306 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, | |
2307 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a | |
2308 document. | |
2309 | |
2310 Instead, you might want to change the variable | |
2311 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs | |
2312 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait | |
2313 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less. | |
2314 | |
2315 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save} | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2316 package (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). This |
25474 | 2317 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, |
2318 such as @file{/tmp}. | |
2319 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2320 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2321 Save, , emacs}. |
25474 | 2322 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2323 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2324 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2325 @cindex Going to a line by number |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2326 @cindex Compilation error messages |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2327 @cindex Recompilation |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2328 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2329 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2330 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2331 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2332 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2333 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2334 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2335 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2336 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2337 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2338 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2339 in that message. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2340 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2341 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2342 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2343 and go to that line. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2344 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2345 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2346 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2347 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2348 buffer. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2349 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2350 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2351 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs} |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2352 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}: |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2353 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2354 @lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2355 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line) |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2356 @end lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2357 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2358 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2359 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests |
25474 | 2360 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
2361 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying | |
2362 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying | |
2363 @cindex Creating new menu options | |
2364 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus | |
2365 @cindex Menus and keymaps | |
2366 @cindex Keymaps and menus | |
2367 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2368 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2369 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the |
56279
b1ae5333057a
* ses.texi, viper.texi, search.texi, flymake.texi, faq.texi:
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents:
55201
diff
changeset
|
2370 mouse displays that keymap's non-@code{nil} contents in the form of a menu. |
25474 | 2371 |
2372 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2373 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2374 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
25474 | 2375 |
2376 @lisp | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2377 (define-key global-map |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2378 [menu-bar edit forward] |
25474 | 2379 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) |
2380 @end lisp | |
2381 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2382 @noindent |
25474 | 2383 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes |
2384 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map} | |
2385 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular | |
2386 mode. | |
2387 | |
2388 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2389 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2390 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}. |
25474 | 2391 |
2392 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will | |
2393 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be | |
2394 called when that menu option is invoked. | |
2395 | |
2396 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must | |
2397 define an entirely new keymap: | |
2398 | |
2399 @lisp | |
2400 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] | |
2401 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) | |
2402 @end lisp | |
2403 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2404 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2405 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2406 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2407 following code: |
25474 | 2408 |
2409 @lisp | |
2410 (define-key global-map | |
2411 [menu-bar words forward] | |
2412 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2413 @end lisp | |
2414 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2415 @noindent |
25474 | 2416 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
2417 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2418 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2419 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2420 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom. |
25474 | 2421 |
2422 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after}, | |
2423 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2424 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2425 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item: |
25474 | 2426 |
2427 @lisp | |
2428 (define-key-after | |
2429 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) | |
2430 [forward] | |
2431 '("Forward word" . forward-word) | |
2432 'undo) | |
2433 @end lisp | |
2434 | |
2435 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are | |
2436 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new | |
2437 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be | |
2438 defined. | |
2439 | |
2440 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate | |
2441 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument. | |
2442 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2443 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2444 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
2445 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
2446 this manual.) |
25474 | 2447 |
2448 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests | |
2449 @section How do I delete menus and menu options? | |
2450 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options | |
2451 @cindex Menus, deleting | |
2452 | |
2453 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2454 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down |
25474 | 2455 menus}), use: |
2456 | |
2457 @lisp | |
2458 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) | |
2459 @end lisp | |
2460 | |
2461 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2462 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2463 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2464 menus}), use: |
25474 | 2465 |
2466 @lisp | |
2467 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) | |
2468 @end lisp | |
2469 | |
2470 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests | |
2471 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting? | |
2472 @cindex Syntax highlighting | |
2473 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2474 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax | |
2475 @cindex Colorizing text | |
2476 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2477 | |
2478 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2479 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2480 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2481 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2482 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2483 a third. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2484 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2485 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated |
25474 | 2486 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
2487 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes | |
2488 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. | |
2489 | |
2490 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
2491 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}. | |
2492 | |
2493 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major | |
2494 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all | |
2495 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2496 | |
2497 @lisp | |
2498 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
2499 @end lisp | |
2500 | |
2501 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you | |
2502 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line | |
2503 in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2504 | |
2505 @lisp | |
2506 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
2507 @end lisp | |
2508 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2509 @noindent |
25474 | 2510 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for |
2511 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable | |
2512 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in | |
2513 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for | |
2514 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that | |
2515 particular buffer. | |
2516 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2517 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2518 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2519 work around this. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2520 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2521 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2522 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2523 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2524 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2525 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2526 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2527 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2528 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2529 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2530 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2531 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2532 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2533 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2534 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To |
25474 | 2535 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
2536 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a | |
2537 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a | |
2538 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest | |
2539 possible look, then, include the line | |
2540 | |
2541 @lisp | |
2542 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) | |
2543 @end lisp | |
2544 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2545 @noindent |
25474 | 2546 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that |
2547 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more | |
2548 information, see the documentation for | |
2549 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x | |
2550 describe-variable @key{RET}}). | |
2551 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2552 @cindex Lazy font-lock |
25474 | 2553 You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and |
2554 @code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2555 highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2556 versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2557 is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2558 as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2559 scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2560 by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2561 @key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}). |
25474 | 2562 |
2563 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode}, | |
2564 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x | |
2565 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}). | |
2566 | |
2567 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the | |
2568 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by | |
2569 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at | |
2570 | |
2571 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui} | |
2572 | |
2573 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use | |
2574 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2575 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2576 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2577 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2578 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details. |
25474 | 2579 |
2580 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests | |
2581 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen? | |
2582 @cindex Scrolling only one line | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
2583 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrolling |
25474 | 2584 |
2585 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2586 | |
2587 @lisp | |
2588 (setq scroll-step 1) | |
2589 @end lisp | |
2590 | |
2591 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}. | |
2592 | |
2593 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests | |
2594 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? | |
2595 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode} | |
2596 @cindex Replacing highlighted text | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
2597 @cindex Highlighting and replacing text |
25474 | 2598 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2599 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by |
25474 | 2600 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: |
2601 | |
2602 @lisp | |
2603 (delete-selection-mode t) | |
2604 @end lisp | |
2605 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2606 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2607 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET} |
25474 | 2608 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}): |
2609 | |
2610 @quotation | |
2611 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. | |
2612 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. | |
2613 @end quotation | |
2614 | |
2615 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by | |
2616 pressing @key{DEL}. | |
2617 | |
2618 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests | |
2619 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs? | |
2620 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files | |
2621 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing | |
2622 @cindex Microsoft files, editing | |
2623 @cindex Windows files, editing | |
2624 | |
2625 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2626 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system, |
25474 | 2627 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format. |
2628 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2629 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2630 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2631 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2632 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2633 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2634 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2635 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++} |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2636 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Among other things, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2637 @code{crypt++} transparently modifies MS-DOS files as they are loaded |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2638 and saved, allowing you to ignore the different conventions that Unix |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2639 and MS-DOS have for delineating the end of a line. |
25474 | 2640 |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2641 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests |
25474 | 2642 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period? |
2643 @cindex One space following periods | |
2644 @cindex Single space following periods | |
2645 @cindex Periods, one space following | |
2646 | |
2647 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the | |
2648 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2649 | |
2650 @lisp | |
2651 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*") | |
2652 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) | |
2653 @end lisp | |
2654 | |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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35188
diff
changeset
|
2655 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests |
46655 | 2656 @section Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell mode? |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2657 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2658 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2659 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2660 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2661 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this: |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2662 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2663 @itemize @bullet |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2664 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2665 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2666 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2667 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2668 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2669 interactive sessions. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2670 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2671 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2672 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2673 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2674 @end itemize |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2675 |
25474 | 2676 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
2677 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top | |
2678 @chapter Bugs and problems | |
2679 @cindex Bugs and problems | |
2680 | |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2681 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2682 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2683 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2684 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug, |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2685 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2686 instructions how to do that. |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2687 |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2688 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2689 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms; |
54478 | 2690 type @kbd{C-h C-e} to read it. |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2691 |
25474 | 2692 @menu |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2693 * Problems with very large files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2694 * ^M in the shell buffer:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2695 * Shell process exits abnormally:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2696 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2697 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2698 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2699 * Problems talking to certain hosts:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2700 * Errors with init files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2701 * Emacs ignores X resources:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2702 * Emacs ignores frame parameters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2703 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2704 * Editing files with $ in the name:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2705 * Shell mode loses the current directory:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2706 * Security risks with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2707 * Dired claims that no file is on this line:: |
25474 | 2708 @end menu |
2709 | |
2710 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems | |
2711 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
2712 @cindex Very large files, opening | |
2713 @cindex Large files, opening | |
2714 @cindex Opening very large files | |
2715 @cindex Maximum file size | |
2716 @cindex Files, maximum size | |
2717 | |
2718 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing | |
2719 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2720 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2721 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2722 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2723 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2724 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2725 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2726 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2727 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2728 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): |
25474 | 2729 |
2730 @example | |
2731 #define VALBITS 26 | |
2732 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
2733 @end example | |
2734 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2735 @noindent |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2736 This method may result in ``ILLEGAL DATATYPE'' and other random errors on |
25474 | 2737 some machines. |
2738 | |
2739 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this | |
2740 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29 | |
2741 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions. | |
2742 | |
2743 @quotation | |
2744 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
2745 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
2746 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2747 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2748 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2749 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the |
25474 | 2750 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So |
2751 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C | |
2752 integers and pointers. | |
2753 @end quotation | |
2754 | |
2755 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems | |
2756 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer? | |
2757 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in | |
2758 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode} | |
2759 | |
2760 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to | |
2761 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
2762 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2763 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2764 file: |
25474 | 2765 |
2766 @example | |
2767 if ($?EMACS) then | |
2768 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
2769 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
2770 stty nl | |
2771 endif | |
2772 endif | |
2773 @end example | |
2774 | |
2775 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file: | |
2776 | |
2777 @example | |
2778 unset edit | |
2779 stty nl | |
2780 @end example | |
2781 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2782 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2783 @code{tcsh}. One way is: |
25474 | 2784 |
2785 @lisp | |
2786 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
2787 @end lisp | |
2788 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2789 @noindent |
25474 | 2790 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
2791 file: | |
2792 | |
2793 @example | |
2794 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
2795 @end example | |
2796 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2797 @noindent |
25474 | 2798 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
2799 set for this to take effect.) | |
2800 | |
2801 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp | |
2802 with the following Lisp form, | |
2803 | |
2804 @lisp | |
2805 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") | |
2806 @end lisp | |
2807 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2808 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2809 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2810 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2811 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2812 file: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2813 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2814 @smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2815 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2816 @end smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2817 |
25474 | 2818 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
2819 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell | |
2820 start-up file: | |
2821 | |
2822 @example | |
2823 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z | |
2824 @end example | |
2825 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2826 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2827 @section Why do I get ``Process shell exited abnormally with code 1''? |
25474 | 2828 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode} |
2829 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2830 @cindex Process shell exited |
25474 | 2831 |
2832 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program | |
2833 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, | |
2834 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent | |
2835 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your | |
2836 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by | |
2837 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.) | |
2838 | |
2839 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path | |
2840 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't | |
2841 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general | |
2842 solution for working around the problem in this case. | |
2843 | |
2844 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital | |
2845 programs, so be careful when using it. | |
2846 | |
2847 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
2848 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the | |
2849 xterm was later terminated. | |
2850 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2851 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2852 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2853 possible causes of this message. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2854 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2855 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2856 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2857 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2858 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2859 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2860 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2861 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2862 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2863 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2864 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2865 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2866 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2867 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe") |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2868 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2869 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2870 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2871 command; if that works, put the following line into your |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2872 @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2873 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2874 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2875 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2876 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2877 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2878 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2879 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2880 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2881 the problems in those cases. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2882 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2883 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2884 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type @samp{emacs}? |
25474 | 2885 @cindex Termcap |
2886 @cindex Terminfo | |
2887 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo | |
2888 | |
2889 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in | |
2890 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in | |
2891 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an | |
2892 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a | |
2893 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}: | |
2894 | |
2895 @example | |
2896 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
2897 @end example | |
2898 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2899 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2900 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2901 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2902 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. |
25474 | 2903 |
2904 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
2905 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that | |
2906 instead. | |
2907 | |
2908 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2909 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2910 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2911 @file{.cshrc} files: |
25474 | 2912 |
2913 @example | |
2914 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
2915 @end example | |
2916 | |
2917 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2918 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying @samp{I-search:} and beeping? |
25474 | 2919 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode |
2920 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into | |
2921 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason | |
2922 | |
2923 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
2924 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving | |
2925 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s} | |
2926 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2927 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}. |
25474 | 2928 |
2929 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems | |
2930 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
2931 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to | |
2932 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version | |
2933 | |
2934 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
2935 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2936 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2937 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2938 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}. |
25474 | 2939 |
2940 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
2941 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library | |
2942 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the | |
2943 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in | |
2944 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V | |
2945 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works, | |
2946 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). | |
2947 Other operating systems have similar problems. | |
2948 | |
2949 Try these options: | |
2950 | |
2951 @itemize @bullet | |
2952 | |
2953 @item | |
2954 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}. | |
2955 | |
2956 @item | |
2957 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}: | |
2958 | |
2959 @example | |
2960 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
2961 @end example | |
2962 | |
2963 @item | |
2964 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more | |
2965 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink | |
2966 Emacs. | |
2967 | |
2968 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2969 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2970 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
25474 | 2971 |
2972 @end itemize | |
2973 | |
2974 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2975 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Error in init file}? |
25474 | 2976 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs} |
2977 @cindex Error in init file | |
2978 @cindex Init file, errors in | |
2979 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in | |
2980 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
2981 | |
2982 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2983 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2984 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2985 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2986 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2987 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2988 @ref{Debugging a customization file}. |
25474 | 2989 |
2990 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a | |
2991 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case | |
2992 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has | |
2993 begun}. | |
2994 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2995 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2996 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
2997 @cindex X resources being ignored | |
2998 @cindex Ignored X resources | |
2999 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults} | |
3000 | |
3001 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified | |
3002 by the following environment variables: | |
3003 | |
3004 @itemize @bullet | |
3005 | |
3006 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3007 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3008 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR} |
25474 | 3009 |
3010 @end itemize | |
3011 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3012 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3013 Xt toolkit. |
25474 | 3014 |
3015 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list | |
3016 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list | |
3017 of directory names separated by colons. | |
3018 | |
3019 Emacs searches for X resources: | |
3020 | |
3021 @enumerate | |
3022 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3023 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3024 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3025 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3026 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3027 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable, |
25474 | 3028 |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3029 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 3030 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3031 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3032 or if that is unset, in the file named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3033 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3034 the name of the machine Emacs is running on), |
25474 | 3035 |
3036 @end itemize | |
3037 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3038 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3039 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3040 by the server, |
25474 | 3041 |
3042 @itemize @minus | |
3043 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3044 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3045 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3046 if it exists, |
25474 | 3047 |
3048 @end itemize | |
3049 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3050 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3051 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}, |
25474 | 3052 |
3053 @itemize @minus | |
3054 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3055 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3056 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3057 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3058 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3059 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3060 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3061 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3062 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3063 is set), |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3064 @item |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3065 or in @file{~/Emacs}, |
25474 | 3066 |
3067 @end itemize | |
3068 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3069 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3070 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}. |
25474 | 3071 |
3072 @end enumerate | |
3073 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3074 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3075 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3076 @cindex Frame parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3077 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3078 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3079 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3080 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3081 the parameters of all frames, change the variable |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3082 @code{default-frame-alist} instead. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3083 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3084 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3085 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3086 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3087 other frames by individually positioning each one of them. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3088 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3089 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3090 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3091 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
3092 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time | |
3093 @cindex Delay when visiting files | |
3094 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit | |
3095 | |
3096 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3097 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has |
25474 | 3098 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
3099 | |
3100 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug | |
3101 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This | |
3102 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work | |
3103 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with | |
3104 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined. | |
3105 | |
3106 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems | |
3107 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name? | |
3108 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3109 @cindex @samp{$} in file names |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3110 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3111 |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3112 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
25474 | 3113 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress |
3114 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead. | |
3115 | |
3116 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems | |
3117 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
3118 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode} | |
3119 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory | |
3120 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode} | |
3121 | |
3122 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its | |
3123 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3124 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3125 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3126 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3127 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3128 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3129 to handle this problem (@pxref{Finding a package with particular |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3130 functionality}). |
25474 | 3131 |
3132 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command | |
3133 @kbd{M-x dirs}. | |
3134 | |
3135 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems | |
3136 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs? | |
3137 @cindex Security with Emacs | |
3138 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security | |
3139 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security | |
3140 @cindex Synthetic X events and security | |
3141 @cindex X events and security | |
3142 | |
3143 @itemize @bullet | |
3144 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3145 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3146 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3147 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3148 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3149 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail} |
25474 | 3150 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your |
3151 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3152 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been |
25474 | 3153 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could |
3154 get root privileges. | |
3155 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3156 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will |
25474 | 3157 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3158 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which |
25474 | 3159 should eliminate this particular risk. |
3160 | |
3161 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took | |
3162 advantage of this configuration problem. | |
3163 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3164 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3165 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3166 change.) |
25474 | 3167 |
3168 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
3169 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
3170 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
3171 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
3172 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
3173 feature. | |
3174 | |
3175 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by | |
56279
b1ae5333057a
* ses.texi, viper.texi, search.texi, flymake.texi, faq.texi:
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents:
55201
diff
changeset
|
3176 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
25474 | 3177 |
3178 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a | |
3179 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to | |
3180 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs | |
3181 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom | |
3182 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}. | |
3183 | |
3184 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}. | |
3185 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3186 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3187 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3188 better.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3189 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3190 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3191 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3192 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X |
25474 | 3193 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
3194 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. | |
3195 | |
3196 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
3197 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
3198 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3199 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using |
25474 | 3200 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior |
3201 authentication method; ask your system administrator. | |
3202 | |
3203 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
3204 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
3205 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
3206 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but | |
3207 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}. | |
3208 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3209 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3210 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to |
25474 | 3211 your X server, use |
3212 | |
3213 @example | |
3214 xhost + | |
3215 @end example | |
3216 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3217 @noindent |
25474 | 3218 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
3219 following message: | |
3220 | |
3221 @example | |
3222 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host | |
3223 @end example | |
3224 | |
3225 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly | |
3226 allowed by name), use | |
3227 | |
3228 @example | |
3229 xhost - | |
3230 @end example | |
3231 | |
3232 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: | |
3233 | |
3234 @example | |
3235 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect | |
3236 @end example | |
3237 | |
3238 @end itemize | |
3239 | |
3240 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3241 @section Dired says, @samp{no file on this line} when I try to do something. |
25474 | 3242 @cindex Dired does not see a file |
3243 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3244 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3245 @c check. |
25474 | 3246 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US |
3247 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3248 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that |
25474 | 3249 come out. |
3250 | |
3251 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3252 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3253 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3254 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
25474 | 3255 |
3256 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3257 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3258 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information. |
25474 | 3259 |
3260 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by | |
3261 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}. | |
3262 | |
3263 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3264 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top | |
3265 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3266 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3267 | |
3268 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3269 * Installing Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3270 * Updating Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3271 * Problems building Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3272 * Linking with -lX11 fails:: |
25474 | 3273 @end menu |
3274 | |
3275 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3276 @section How do I install Emacs? | |
3277 @cindex Installing Emacs | |
3278 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on | |
3279 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs | |
3280 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs | |
3281 @cindex Building Emacs from source | |
3282 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from | |
3283 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs | |
3284 | |
3285 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of | |
3286 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning | |
3287 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3288 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems. |
25474 | 3289 |
3290 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it | |
3291 from scratch. You will need: | |
3292 | |
3293 @itemize @bullet | |
3294 | |
3295 @item | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3296 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites |
25474 | 3297 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3298 distribution site, sources are available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3299 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3300 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz} |
25474 | 3301 |
3302 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3303 instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3304 available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3305 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3306 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3307 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3308 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3309 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on |
25474 | 3310 @file{ftp.gnu.org}. |
3311 | |
3312 @item | |
3313 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via | |
3314 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile | |
3315 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have | |
3316 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress | |
3317 them with the command | |
3318 | |
3319 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3320 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3321 @end example |
3322 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3323 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3324 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3325 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3326 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory. |
25474 | 3327 |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3328 @item |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3329 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3330 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files |
25474 | 3331 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3332 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the |
25474 | 3333 extraction command would look like |
3334 | |
3335 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3336 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar |
25474 | 3337 @end example |
3338 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3339 @noindent |
25474 | 3340 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, |
3341 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3342 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3343 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3344 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of |
25474 | 3345 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by |
3346 using the command | |
3347 | |
3348 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3349 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3350 @end example |
3351 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3352 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3353 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3354 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3355 the tarfile's components. |
25474 | 3356 |
3357 @end itemize | |
3358 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3359 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3360 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3361 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3362 Window system support) with the following commands: |
25474 | 3363 |
3364 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3365 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3366 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3367 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs |
25474 | 3368 @end example |
3369 | |
3370 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3371 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't |
25474 | 3372 successful.) |
3373 | |
3374 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories: | |
3375 | |
3376 @table @file | |
3377 @item /usr/local/bin | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3378 binaries. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3379 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3380 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3381 Lisp code and support files. |
25474 | 3382 |
3383 @item /usr/local/info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3384 Info documentation. |
25474 | 3385 @end table |
3386 | |
3387 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and | |
3388 type | |
3389 | |
3390 @example | |
3391 make install | |
3392 @end example | |
3393 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3394 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} |
25474 | 3395 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}. |
3396 | |
3397 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) | |
3398 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}. | |
3399 | |
3400 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3401 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version? | |
3402 @cindex Updating Emacs | |
3403 | |
3404 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for | |
3405 installation. | |
3406 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3407 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3408 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3409 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}. |
25474 | 3410 |
3411 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs | |
3412 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these | |
3413 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. | |
3414 | |
3415 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3416 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
3417 @cindex Problems building Emacs | |
3418 @cindex Errors when building Emacs | |
3419 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3420 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3421 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3422 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3423 installation and compilation problems. |
25474 | 3424 |
3425 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3426 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}. |
25474 | 3427 |
3428 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to | |
3429 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. | |
3430 | |
37806 | 3431 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3432 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3433 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}. |
25474 | 3434 |
3435 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3436 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
3437 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails | |
3438 @cindex lX11, linking fails with | |
3439 | |
3440 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
3441 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing. | |
3442 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3443 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3444 ``OpenWindows Programmers'' optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
25474 | 3445 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3446 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3447 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3448 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3449 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.'' |
25474 | 3450 |
3451 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared | |
3452 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that | |
3453 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3454 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3455 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3456 @file{site.cf}: |
25474 | 3457 |
3458 @example | |
3459 #define ForceNormalLib YES | |
3460 @end example | |
3461 | |
3462 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3463 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3464 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3465 @cindex X Menus don't work |
25474 | 3466 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
3467 @file{liboldX.a}. | |
3468 | |
3469 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3470 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top | |
3471 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3472 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3473 | |
3474 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3475 * Finding Emacs on the Internet:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3476 * Finding a package with particular functionality:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3477 * Packages that do not come with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3478 * Current GNU distributions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3479 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3480 * Emacs for MS-DOS:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3481 * Emacs for Windows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3482 * Emacs for OS/2:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3483 * Emacs for Atari ST:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3484 * Emacs for the Amiga :: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3485 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3486 * Emacs for Apple computers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3487 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3488 * Modes for various languages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3489 * Translating names to IP addresses:: |
25474 | 3490 @end menu |
3491 | |
3492 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3493 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
3494 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet | |
3495 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via | |
3496 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3497 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
3498 @cindex Internet, retrieving from |
25474 | 3499 |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3500 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for |
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3501 information on nearby archive sites. If you don't already have Emacs, |
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3502 see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how to get these files. |
25474 | 3503 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3504 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3505 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of |
25474 | 3506 archive sites that make GNU software available. |
3507 | |
3508 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3509 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
3510 @cindex Package, finding | |
3511 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3512 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package |
25474 | 3513 |
3514 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't | |
3515 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET} | |
3516 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the | |
3517 string @samp{wordstar}. | |
3518 | |
3519 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been | |
3520 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3521 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp |
36344
6c3540ec3c12
(Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36301
diff
changeset
|
3522 source to most packages contains a short description of how they |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3523 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or |
25474 | 3524 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the |
3525 source code. | |
3526 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3527 The command @kbd{C-h p} (@code{finder-by-keyword}) allows you to browse |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3528 the constituent Emacs packages. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3529 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3530 For advice on how to find extra packages that are not part of Emacs, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3531 see @ref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3532 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3533 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Current GNU distributions, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages |
25474 | 3534 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? |
3535 @cindex Unbundled packages | |
3536 @cindex Finding other packages | |
3537 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs | |
3538 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3539 @cindex Emacs Lisp List |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3540 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3541 |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3542 @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.html, The Emacs Lisp |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3543 List (ELL)}, maintained by @email{stephen@@anc.ed.ac.uk, Stephen Eglen}, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3544 aims to provide one compact list with links to all of the current Emacs |
55201 | 3545 Lisp files on the internet. The ELL can be browsed over the web, or |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3546 from Emacs with @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.el, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3547 the @file{ell} package}. |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3548 |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3549 Many authors post their packages to the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.sources, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3550 Emacs sources newsgroup}. You can search the archives of this |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3551 group with @uref{http://groups.google.com, Google}, for example. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3552 |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3553 Several packages are stored in |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3554 @uref{http://emacswiki.org/elisp/, the Lisp area of the Emacs Wiki}. |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3555 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3556 For a long time, the Emacs Lisp Archive provided a central repository |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3557 for Emacs packages. Sadly, it has not been active for some time, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3558 although you can still access the old files at |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3559 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3560 @uref{ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/WWW/index.html} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3561 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3562 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
25474 | 3563 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? |
3564 @cindex Current GNU distributions | |
3565 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions | |
3566 @cindex Stuff, current GNU | |
3567 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff | |
3568 @cindex Finding current GNU software | |
3569 @cindex Official GNU software sites | |
3570 | |
3571 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at | |
3572 | |
3573 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu} | |
3574 | |
3575 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more | |
3576 information. | |
3577 | |
3578 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at | |
3579 | |
3580 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html} | |
3581 | |
3582 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3583 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly Lucid Emacs)? |
25474 | 3584 @cindex XEmacs |
3585 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs | |
3586 @cindex Lucid Emacs | |
3587 @cindex Epoch | |
3588 | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3589 XEmacs is a branch version of Emacs. It was first called Lucid Emacs, |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3590 and was initially derived from a prerelease version of Emacs 19. In |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3591 this FAQ, we use the name ``Emacs'' only for the official version. |
56795
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3592 |
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3593 Emacs and XEmacs each come with Lisp packages that are lacking in the |
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3594 other. The two versions have some significant differences at the Lisp |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3595 programming level. Their current features are roughly comparable, |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3596 though the support for some operating systems, character sets and |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3597 specific packages might be quite different. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3598 |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3599 Some XEmacs code has been contributed to Emacs, and we would like to |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3600 use other parts, but the earlier XEmacs maintainers did not always |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3601 keep track of the authors of contributed code, which makes it |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3602 impossible for the FSF to get copyright papers signed for that code. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3603 (The FSF requires these papers for all the code included in the Emacs |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3604 release, aside from generic C support packages that retain their |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3605 separate identity and are not integrated into the code of Emacs |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3606 proper.) |
56802
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3607 |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3608 If you want to talk about these two versions and distinguish them, |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3609 please call them ``Emacs'' and ``XEmacs.'' To contrast ``XEmacs'' |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3610 with ``GNU Emacs'' would be misleading, since XEmacs too has its |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3611 origin in the work of the GNU Project. Terms such as ``Emacsen'' and |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3612 ``(X)Emacs'' are not wrong, but they are not very clear, so it |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3613 is better to write ``Emacs and XEmacs.'' |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3614 |
25474 | 3615 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3616 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
3617 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for | |
3618 @cindex DOS, Emacs for | |
3619 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS | |
3620 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS | |
3621 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS | |
3622 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3623 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3624 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3625 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3626 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3627 from |
25474 | 3628 |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3629 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/emacs.README} |
25474 | 3630 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3631 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the |
25474 | 3632 directory |
3633 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3634 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/} |
25474 | 3635 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3636 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3637 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3638 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3639 @email{eliz@@gnu.org, Eli Zaretskii} and |
25474 | 3640 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the |
3641 following: | |
3642 | |
3643 @table @emph | |
3644 | |
3645 @item Compiler | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3646 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3647 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3648 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3649 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3650 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of |
25474 | 3651 the files in |
3652 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3653 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2*} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3654 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3655 @item Unpacking program |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3656 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x, |
25474 | 3657 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3658 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3659 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3660 number), from the URL mentioned above. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3661 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3662 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3663 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3664 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3665 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3666 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3667 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully! |
25474 | 3668 |
3669 @item make, mv, sed, and rm | |
3670 All of these utilities are available at | |
3671 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3672 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu} |
25474 | 3673 |
3674 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at | |
3675 | |
48785 | 3676 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnuish/} |
25474 | 3677 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3678 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3679 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3680 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3681 |
25474 | 3682 @end table |
3683 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3684 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3685 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3686 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. |
25474 | 3687 |
3688 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3689 look-alikes), consult the list of ``Emacs implementations and literature,'' |
25474 | 3690 available at |
3691 | |
3692 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} | |
3693 | |
3694 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often | |
3695 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
3696 | |
3697 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3698 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows | |
3699 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3700 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows |
25474 | 3701 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3702 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for |
25474 | 3703 |
3704 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by | |
3705 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at | |
3706 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3707 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3708 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3709 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1. |
25474 | 3710 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3711 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3712 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3713 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3714 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3715 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3716 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3717 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3718 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3719 |
25474 | 3720 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3721 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
3722 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for | |
3723 | |
35061
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3724 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3725 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3726 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3727 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3728 @noindent |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3729 and also at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3730 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3731 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3732 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3733 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3734 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3735 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3736 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html} |
25474 | 3737 |
3738 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3739 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
3740 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for | |
3741 @cindex TOS, Emacs for | |
3742 | |
3743 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT | |
3744 is available at | |
3745 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}. | |
3746 | |
3747 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3748 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
3749 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for | |
3750 | |
3751 The files you need are available at | |
3752 | |
3753 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/} | |
3754 | |
3755 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a | |
3756 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at | |
3757 | |
3758 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha} | |
3759 | |
3760 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3761 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? | |
3762 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for | |
3763 | |
3764 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, | |
3765 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from | |
3766 | |
3767 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz} | |
3768 | |
3769 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3770 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
3771 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3772 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for |
25474 | 3773 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3774 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3775 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3776 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3777 |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3778 Apple's ``OS X'' is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3779 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version. |
25474 | 3780 |
3781 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3782 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
3783 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for | |
3784 @cindex VMS, Emacs for | |
3785 | |
3786 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is | |
3787 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}. | |
3788 | |
3789 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3790 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
25474 | 3791 @cindex Awk, mode for |
3792 @cindex @code{awk-mode} | |
3793 @cindex Bison, mode for | |
3794 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3795 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for |
25474 | 3796 @cindex Java, mode for |
3797 @cindex Lex mode | |
3798 @cindex Objective-C, mode for | |
3799 @cindex @code{pascal-mode} | |
3800 @cindex Shell mode | |
3801 @cindex Yacc mode | |
3802 @cindex @file{csh} mode | |
3803 @cindex @code{sh-mode} | |
3804 @cindex @code{cc-mode} | |
3805 | |
3806 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3807 To get additional modes, see @ref{Finding a package with particular |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3808 functionality}. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3809 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3810 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3811 Java code. It is distributed with Emacs, but has |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3812 @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/, its own homepage}. |
25474 | 3813 |
3814 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3815 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
3816 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses | |
3817 @cindex IP addresses from names | |
3818 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses | |
3819 @cindex DNS and IP addresses | |
3820 | |
3821 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command, | |
3822 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP | |
3823 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup | |
3824 ftp.gnu.org}. | |
3825 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3826 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine. |
25474 | 3827 |
3828 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3829 files. You can get this information by e-mail: |
25474 | 3830 |
3831 @example | |
3832 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr) | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3833 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3834 and options - no quotes) |
25474 | 3835 @end example |
3836 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3837 @noindent |
25474 | 3838 or: |
3839 | |
3840 @example | |
3841 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu) | |
3842 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
3843 @end example | |
3844 | |
3845 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3846 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top | |
3847 @chapter Major packages and programs | |
3848 @cindex Major packages and programs | |
3849 | |
3850 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3851 * VM:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3852 * Supercite:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3853 * Calc:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3854 * VIPER:: |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3855 * AUCTeX:: |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3856 * BBDB:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3857 * Ispell:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3858 * w3-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3859 * EDB:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3860 * Mailcrypt:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3861 * JDE:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3862 * Patch:: |
25474 | 3863 @end menu |
3864 | |
3865 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs | |
3866 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support | |
3867 @cindex VM | |
3868 @cindex Alternative mail software | |
3869 @cindex View Mail | |
3870 @cindex E-mail reader, VM | |
3871 | |
3872 @table @b | |
3873 | |
3874 @item Author | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3875 @email{kyle_jones@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} |
25474 | 3876 |
3877 @item Latest version | |
50954 | 3878 7.15 |
25474 | 3879 |
3880 @item Distribution | |
3881 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz} | |
3882 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3883 @item Informational newsgroup |
25474 | 3884 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@* |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3885 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3886 @item Bug reports newsgroup |
25474 | 3887 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@* |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3888 Or send reports to @email{bug-vm@@wonderworks.com} |
25474 | 3889 @end table |
3890 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3891 VM 7 works well with Emacs 21. Older versions of VM suitable for use |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3892 with older versions of Emacs are available from |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3893 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP site}. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3894 |
25474 | 3895 |
3896 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs | |
3897 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
3898 @cindex Supercite | |
3899 @cindex Superyank | |
3900 @cindex Mail and news citations | |
3901 @cindex News and mail citations | |
3902 @cindex Citations in mail and news | |
3903 | |
3904 @table @b | |
3905 | |
3906 @item Author | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3907 @email{barry@@python.org, Barry Warsaw} |
25474 | 3908 |
3909 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3910 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs since version 20) |
25474 | 3911 |
3912 @item Distribution | |
3913 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz} | |
3914 | |
3915 @item Mailing list | |
3916 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@* | |
3917 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org} | |
3918 | |
3919 @end table | |
3920 | |
3921 Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
3922 | |
3923 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs | |
3924 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
3925 @cindex Programmable calculator | |
3926 @cindex Calc | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3927 @cindex Mathematical package |
25474 | 3928 |
3929 @table @b | |
3930 | |
3931 @item Author | |
3932 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie} | |
3933 | |
3934 @item Latest version | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3935 2.02g (part of Emacs since version 21.4) |
25474 | 3936 |
3937 @item Distribution | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3938 No separate distribution outside of Emacs. Older versions |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3939 are available at @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/}. |
25474 | 3940 |
3941 @end table | |
3942 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3943 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3944 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3945 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3946 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3947 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3948 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3949 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3950 |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3951 @node VIPER, AUCTeX, Calc, Major packages and programs |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3952 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3953 @cindex @code{vi} emulation |
25474 | 3954 @cindex VIPER |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3955 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3956 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3957 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER |
25474 | 3958 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3959 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3960 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3961 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways. |
25474 | 3962 |
3963 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally | |
3964 better than the one distributed with Emacs: | |
3965 | |
3966 @table @b | |
3967 @item Author | |
3968 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane} | |
3969 | |
3970 @item Latest version | |
3971 4.3 | |
3972 | |
3973 @item Distribution | |
48785 | 3974 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/old-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z} |
25474 | 3975 |
3976 @end table | |
3977 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3978 @node AUCTeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3979 @section AUC@TeX{} --- enhanced @TeX{} modes with debugging facilities |
25474 | 3980 @cindex Mode for @TeX{} |
3981 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3982 @cindex AUC@TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} |
25474 | 3983 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{} |
3984 | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3985 AUC@TeX{} is a set of sophisticated major modes for @TeX{}, LaTeX, |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3986 ConTeXt, and Texinfo offering context-sensitive syntax highlighting, |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3987 indentation, formatting and folding, macro completion, @TeX{} shell |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3988 functionality, and debugging. Some important supplemental packages are |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3989 described in @ref{Introduction, RefTeX, Introduction, reftex, Ref@TeX{} |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3990 User Manual}, and |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3991 @uref{http://preview-latex.sourceforge.net,preview-latex}. |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3992 |
25474 | 3993 @table @b |
3994 | |
3995 @item Authors | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3996 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup}, @* |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3997 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}, @* and others. |
25474 | 3998 |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3999 @item Maintainer |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4000 @email{dak@@gnu.org, David Kastrup} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4001 |
25474 | 4002 @item Latest version |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
4003 11.52 |
25474 | 4004 |
4005 @item Distribution | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
4006 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/auctex/} |
25474 | 4007 |
4008 @item Web site | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4009 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/} |
25474 | 4010 |
4011 @item Mailing list: | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4012 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-subscribe@@sunsite.dk}@* |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
4013 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@sunsite.dk} |
25474 | 4014 |
4015 @end table | |
4016 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4017 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUCTeX, Major packages and programs |
25474 | 4018 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers |
4019 @cindex BBDB | |
4020 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality | |
4021 @cindex Integrated contact database | |
4022 @cindex Contact database | |
4023 @cindex Big Brother Database | |
4024 @cindex Address book | |
4025 | |
4026 @table @b | |
4027 | |
4028 @item Maintainer | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4029 @email{waider@@waider.ie, Ronan Waide} |
25474 | 4030 |
4031 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4032 2.34 |
25474 | 4033 |
4034 @item Distribution | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4035 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/} |
25474 | 4036 |
4037 @item Mailing lists | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4038 Subscription requests to @email{bbdb-info-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}@* |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4039 Submissions to @email{bbdb-info@@lists.sourceforge.net}@* |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4040 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@lists.sourceforge.net} |
25474 | 4041 |
4042 @end table | |
4043 | |
4044 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs | |
4045 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
4046 @cindex Spell-checker | |
4047 @cindex Checking spelling | |
4048 @cindex Ispell | |
4049 | |
4050 @table @b | |
4051 | |
4052 @item Author | |
4053 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning} | |
4054 | |
4055 @item Latest version | |
4056 3.1.20 | |
4057 | |
4058 @item Distribution | |
4059 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@* | |
4060 | |
4061 @item Web site | |
4062 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html} | |
4063 | |
4064 @end table | |
4065 | |
4066 @itemize @bullet | |
4067 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4068 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4069 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4070 have free e-mail. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4071 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4072 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4073 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4074 no longer a supported product. |
25474 | 4075 |
4076 @end itemize | |
4077 | |
4078 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs | |
4079 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs | |
4080 @cindex WWW browser | |
4081 @cindex Web browser | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4082 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs |
25474 | 4083 @cindex @code{w3-mode} |
4084 | |
4085 @table @b | |
4086 | |
4087 @item Author | |
4088 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry} | |
4089 | |
4090 @item Latest version | |
4091 4.0pre.39 | |
4092 | |
4093 @item Distribution | |
4094 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz} | |
4095 | |
4096 @item Mailing lists | |
4097 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4098 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4099 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu} | |
4100 | |
4101 @end table | |
4102 | |
4103 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs | |
4104 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes | |
4105 @cindex EDB | |
4106 @cindex Database | |
4107 @cindex Forms mode | |
4108 | |
4109 @table @b | |
4110 @item Author | |
4111 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst} | |
4112 | |
4113 @item Latest version | |
4114 1.21 | |
4115 | |
4116 @item Distribution | |
4117 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb} | |
4118 | |
4119 @end table | |
4120 | |
4121 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs | |
4122 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news | |
4123 @cindex PGP | |
4124 @cindex GPG | |
4125 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news | |
4126 @cindex News, interface to PGP from | |
4127 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from | |
4128 @cindex Encryption software, interface to | |
4129 | |
4130 @table @b | |
4131 | |
4132 @item Authors | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4133 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4134 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi} |
25474 | 4135 |
4136 @item Maintainer | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4137 @email{warner-mailcrypt@@lothar.com, Brian Warner} |
25474 | 4138 |
4139 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4140 3.5.8 |
25474 | 4141 |
4142 @item Distribution | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4143 @uref{http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.8.tar.gz} |
25474 | 4144 |
4145 @item Web site | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4146 @uref{http://mailcrypt.sourceforge.net/} |
25474 | 4147 |
4148 @end table | |
4149 | |
4150 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs | |
4151 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java | |
4152 @cindex Java development environment | |
4153 @cindex Integrated Java development environment | |
4154 @cindex JDE | |
4155 | |
4156 @table @b | |
4157 | |
4158 @item Author | |
4159 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan} | |
4160 | |
4161 @item Mailing list | |
4162 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk | |
4163 | |
4164 @item Latest version | |
4165 2.1.1 | |
4166 | |
4167 @item Web site | |
4168 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/} | |
4169 | |
4170 @end table | |
4171 | |
4172 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4173 @section Patch --- program to apply ``diffs'' for updating files |
25474 | 4174 @cindex Updating files with diffs |
4175 @cindex Patching source files with diffs | |
4176 @cindex Diffs and patching | |
4177 @cindex @file{patch} | |
4178 | |
4179 @table @b | |
4180 | |
4181 @item Author | |
4182 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications) | |
4183 | |
4184 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4185 2.5.4 |
25474 | 4186 |
4187 @item Distribution | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4188 @xref{Current GNU distributions}. |
25474 | 4189 |
4190 @end table | |
4191 | |
4192 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4193 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top | |
4194 @chapter Key bindings | |
4195 @cindex Key bindings | |
4196 | |
4197 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4198 * Binding keys to commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4199 * Invalid prefix characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4200 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4201 * Using function keys under X:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4202 * Working with function and arrow keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4203 * X key translations for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4204 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4205 * Binding C-s and C-q:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4206 * Backspace invokes help:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4207 * stty and Backspace key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4208 * Swapping keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4209 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4210 * No Meta key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4211 * No Escape key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4212 * Compose Character:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4213 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4214 * Meta key does not work in xterm:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4215 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta:: |
25474 | 4216 @end menu |
4217 | |
4218 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings | |
4219 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
4220 @cindex Binding keys to commands | |
4221 @cindex Keys, binding to commands | |
4222 @cindex Commands, binding keys to | |
4223 | |
4224 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your | |
4225 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4226 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4227 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4228 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4229 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4230 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4231 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4232 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4233 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4234 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
25474 | 4235 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed |
4236 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your | |
4237 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the | |
4238 command are required. For example, | |
4239 | |
4240 @lisp | |
4241 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)) | |
4242 @end lisp | |
4243 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4244 @noindent |
25474 | 4245 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4246 local, the command is used in conjunction with the @samp{add-hook} function. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4247 For example, in TeX mode, a local binding might be |
25474 | 4248 |
4249 @lisp | |
4250 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4251 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4252 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)))) |
25474 | 4253 @end lisp |
4254 | |
4255 | |
4256 @itemize @bullet | |
4257 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4258 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4259 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4260 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4261 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4262 to convert these into their vector or string forms. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4263 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4264 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4265 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
25474 | 4266 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4267 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound: |
25474 | 4268 |
4269 @lisp | |
4270 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or | |
4271 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) | |
4272 @end lisp | |
4273 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4274 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4275 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also |
25474 | 4276 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
4277 | |
4278 @lisp | |
4279 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or | |
4280 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") | |
4281 @end lisp | |
4282 | |
4283 @end itemize | |
4284 | |
4285 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4286 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters}? |
25474 | 4287 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid |
4288 @cindex Invalid prefix characters | |
4289 @cindex Misspecified key sequences | |
4290 | |
4291 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control | |
4292 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f} | |
4293 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4294 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4295 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [} |
25474 | 4296 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either |
4297 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: | |
4298 | |
4299 @lisp | |
4300 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or | |
4301 (global-unset-key "\e[") | |
4302 @end lisp | |
4303 | |
4304 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings | |
4305 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? | |
4306 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs} | |
4307 | |
4308 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file | |
4309 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to | |
4310 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has | |
4311 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this | |
4312 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). | |
4313 | |
4314 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4315 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4316 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4317 variable to this lambda function. For example, |
25474 | 4318 |
4319 @lisp | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4320 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4321 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4322 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4323 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4324 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)))) |
25474 | 4325 @end lisp |
4326 | |
4327 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the | |
4328 @file{lisp/startup.el} file. | |
4329 | |
4330 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4331 @section How do I use function keys under X? |
25474 | 4332 @cindex Function keys |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4333 @cindex X Window System and function keys |
25474 | 4334 @cindex Binding function keys |
4335 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4336 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details. |
25474 | 4337 |
4338 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings | |
4339 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit? | |
4340 @cindex Working with arrow keys | |
4341 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by | |
4342 @cindex Working with function keys | |
4343 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by | |
4344 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys | |
4345 | |
4346 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will | |
4347 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the | |
4348 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other | |
4349 keys as well. | |
4350 | |
4351 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4352 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs? |
25474 | 4353 @cindex X key translations |
4354 @cindex Key translations under X | |
4355 @cindex Translations for keys under X | |
4356 | |
4357 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4358 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
25474 | 4359 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
4360 | |
4361 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4362 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The |
25474 | 4363 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the |
4364 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance, | |
4365 | |
4366 @lisp | |
4367 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t]) | |
4368 @end lisp | |
4369 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4370 @noindent |
25474 | 4371 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence. |
4372 | |
4373 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings | |
4374 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control? | |
4375 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with | |
4376 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control | |
4377 | |
4378 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4379 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4380 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4381 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4382 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4383 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4384 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}. |
25474 | 4385 |
4386 Possible solutions: | |
4387 | |
4388 @itemize @bullet | |
4389 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4390 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4391 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. |
25474 | 4392 |
4393 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. | |
4394 | |
4395 @itemize @minus | |
4396 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4397 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4398 your terminal |
25474 | 4399 |
4400 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
4401 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
4402 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4403 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This |
25474 | 4404 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
4405 | |
4406 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
4407 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
4408 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
4409 | |
4410 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
4411 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4412 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to |
25474 | 4413 include extra NUL padding characters. |
4414 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4415 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4416 a modem |
25474 | 4417 |
4418 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using | |
4419 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. | |
4420 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4421 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4422 a router or terminal server |
25474 | 4423 |
4424 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
4425 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
4426 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
4427 network experts for help with this. | |
4428 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4429 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4430 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4431 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4432 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4433 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4434 is not necessary. |
25474 | 4435 |
4436 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes: | |
4437 | |
4438 @quotation | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4439 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4440 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4441 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4442 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4443 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4444 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4445 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4446 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4447 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this. |
25474 | 4448 |
4449 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One | |
4450 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
4451 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
4452 @end quotation | |
4453 | |
4454 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems. | |
4455 | |
4456 @end itemize | |
4457 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4458 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4459 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
25474 | 4460 |
4461 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by | |
4462 evaluating the form | |
4463 | |
4464 @lisp | |
4465 (enable-flow-control) | |
4466 @end lisp | |
4467 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4468 @noindent |
25474 | 4469 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
4470 | |
4471 @lisp | |
4472 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") | |
4473 @end lisp | |
4474 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4475 @noindent |
25474 | 4476 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to |
4477 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s} | |
4478 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to | |
4479 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and | |
4480 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}). | |
4481 | |
4482 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your | |
4483 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the | |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4484 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file. |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4485 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4486 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.) |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4487 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4488 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4489 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4490 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're |
25474 | 4491 smart enough to move it to another name). |
4492 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4493 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4494 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4495 |
25474 | 4496 @end itemize |
4497 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4498 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4499 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution). |
25474 | 4500 |
4501 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings | |
4502 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out? | |
4503 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} | |
4504 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding | |
4505 | |
4506 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4507 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4508 control}, for usage and implementation details. |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4509 |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4510 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4511 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4512 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4513 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4514 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used. |
25474 | 4515 |
4516 @itemize @bullet | |
4517 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4518 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4519 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
25474 | 4520 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
4521 actually behaves. | |
4522 | |
4523 @end itemize | |
4524 | |
4525 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings | |
4526 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help? | |
4527 @cindex Backspace key invokes help | |
4528 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4529 @cindex DEL key does not delete |
25474 | 4530 |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4531 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates @acronym{ASCII} code 8. |
25474 | 4532 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes |
4533 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first | |
4534 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem | |
4535 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the | |
4536 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character. | |
4537 | |
4538 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
4539 | |
4540 @itemize @bullet | |
4541 | |
4542 @item | |
4543 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the | |
4544 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command | |
4545 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix | |
4546 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}: | |
4547 | |
4548 @example | |
4549 stty erase `^?' | |
4550 @end example | |
4551 | |
4552 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4553 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the |
25474 | 4554 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4555 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4556 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like |
25474 | 4557 @key{Delete}. There are several methods. |
4558 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4559 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 4560 @item |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4561 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g., |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4562 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4563 changed from a setup menu. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4564 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4565 @item |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4566 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4567 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key. |
25474 | 4568 |
4569 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4570 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4571 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4572 windowed displays, by customizing the option |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4573 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4574 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4575 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info. |
25474 | 4576 |
4577 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4578 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4579 Emacs: |
25474 | 4580 |
4581 @lisp | |
4582 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
4583 @end lisp | |
4584 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4585 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4586 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4587 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4588 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4589 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4590 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4591 default deletes forward: |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4592 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4593 @lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4594 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d) |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4595 @end lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4596 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4597 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}. |
25474 | 4598 |
4599 @item | |
4600 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h} | |
4601 instead: | |
4602 | |
4603 @lisp | |
4604 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
4605 | |
4606 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4607 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) |
25474 | 4608 @end lisp |
4609 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4610 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4611 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4612 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4613 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4614 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this |
42674 | 4615 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4616 above. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4617 |
25474 | 4618 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}. |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4619 @end itemize |
25474 | 4620 |
4621 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are | |
4622 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere. | |
4623 | |
4624 @end itemize | |
4625 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4626 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4627 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4628 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4629 |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4630 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4631 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4632 Manual}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4633 |
25474 | 4634 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings |
4635 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}? | |
4636 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs | |
4637 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty} | |
4638 @cindex Delete and @file{stty} | |
4639 | |
4640 Good question! | |
4641 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4642 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4643 @c probably worth putting that explanation here. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4644 |
25474 | 4645 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings |
4646 @section How do I swap two keys? | |
4647 @cindex Swapping keys | |
4648 @cindex Keys, swapping | |
4649 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate} | |
4650 | |
4651 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the | |
4652 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into | |
4653 @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use | |
4654 | |
4655 @lisp | |
4656 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL | |
4657 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. | |
4658 @end lisp | |
4659 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4660 @noindent |
25474 | 4661 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
4662 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the | |
4663 keymaps. | |
4664 | |
4665 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. | |
4666 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but | |
4667 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every | |
4668 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations | |
4669 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are | |
4670 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard | |
4671 translation. | |
4672 | |
4673 @inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}. | |
4674 | |
4675 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings | |
4676 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
4677 @cindex Producing control characters | |
4678 @cindex Generating control characters | |
4679 @cindex Control characters, generating | |
4680 | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4681 On terminals (but not under X), some common ``aliases'' are: |
25474 | 4682 |
4683 @table @asis | |
4684 | |
4685 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
4686 @kbd{C-@@} | |
4687 | |
4688 @item @kbd{C-6} | |
4689 @kbd{C-^} | |
4690 | |
4691 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--} | |
4692 @kbd{C-_} | |
4693 | |
4694 @item @kbd{C-4} | |
4695 @kbd{C-\} | |
4696 | |
4697 @item @kbd{C-5} | |
4698 @kbd{C-]} | |
4699 | |
4700 @item @kbd{C-/} | |
4701 @kbd{C-?} | |
4702 | |
4703 @end table | |
4704 | |
4705 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try | |
4706 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
4707 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the | |
4708 name of the command. | |
4709 | |
4710 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings | |
4711 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key? | |
4712 @cindex No @key{Meta} key | |
4713 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it | |
4714 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4715 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4716 |
25474 | 4717 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact, |
4718 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway | |
4719 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4720 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4721 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}. |
25474 | 4722 |
4723 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings | |
4724 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key? | |
4725 @cindex No Escape key | |
4726 @cindex Lacking an Escape key | |
4727 @cindex Escape key, lacking | |
4728 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4729 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send @acronym{ASCII} code 27 just like an |
25474 | 4730 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not |
4731 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11} | |
4732 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it: | |
4733 | |
4734 @lisp | |
4735 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals. | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4736 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) |
25474 | 4737 @end lisp |
4738 | |
4739 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings | |
4740 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key? | |
4741 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta} | |
4742 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for | |
4743 | |
4744 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain | |
4745 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4746 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4747 command. |
25474 | 4748 |
4749 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings | |
4750 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
4751 @cindex Modifiers and function keys | |
4752 @cindex Function keys and modifiers | |
4753 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys | |
4754 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4755 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4756 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4757 example (from the on-line documentation): |
25474 | 4758 |
4759 @lisp | |
4760 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) | |
4761 @end lisp | |
4762 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4763 @noindent |
25474 | 4764 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}. |
4765 | |
4766 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper}, | |
4767 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To | |
4768 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-}, | |
4769 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here | |
4770 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word: | |
4771 | |
4772 @lisp | |
4773 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) | |
4774 @end lisp | |
4775 | |
4776 @itemize @bullet | |
4777 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4778 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4779 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4780 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4781 terminals. Non-@acronym{ASCII} keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4782 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category. |
25474 | 4783 |
4784 @end itemize | |
4785 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4786 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions. |
25474 | 4787 |
4788 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4789 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4790 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm} |
25474 | 4791 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key |
4792 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4793 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4794 Support, emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4795 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4796 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4797 asking for further help: |
25474 | 4798 |
4799 @itemize @bullet | |
4800 | |
4801 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4802 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager. |
25474 | 4803 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the |
4804 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?) | |
4805 | |
4806 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4807 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to |
25474 | 4808 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
4809 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4810 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4811 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-@acronym{ASCII} character, put this in |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4812 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file: |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4813 |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4814 @example |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4815 XTerm*eightBitInput: false |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4816 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4817 @end example |
25474 | 4818 |
4819 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4820 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4821 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4822 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4823 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it. |
25474 | 4824 |
4825 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4826 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4827 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
25474 | 4828 of every character. |
4829 | |
4830 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4831 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
25474 | 4832 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps. |
4833 | |
4834 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4835 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when |
25474 | 4836 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it |
4837 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource | |
4838 specification will do this: | |
4839 | |
4840 @example | |
4841 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
4842 @end example | |
4843 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4844 @noindent |
25474 | 4845 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.) |
4846 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4847 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
25474 | 4848 |
4849 @example | |
4850 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
4851 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
4852 @end example | |
4853 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4854 @noindent |
25474 | 4855 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}. |
4856 | |
4857 @end itemize | |
4858 | |
4859 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings | |
4860 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x? | |
4861 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta} | |
4862 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4863 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key |
25474 | 4864 |
4865 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4866 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4867 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4868 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4869 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4870 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are: |
25474 | 4871 |
4872 @example | |
4873 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
4874 @end example | |
4875 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4876 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4877 @c solved? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4878 |
25474 | 4879 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be |
4880 undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
4881 | |
4882 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4883 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top | |
4884 @chapter Alternate character sets | |
4885 @cindex Alternate character sets | |
4886 | |
4887 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4888 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4889 * Inputting eight-bit characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4890 * Kanji and Chinese characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4891 * Right-to-left alphabets:: |
25474 | 4892 @end menu |
4893 | |
4894 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets | |
4895 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
4896 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters | |
4897 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying | |
4898 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4899 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
4900 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4901 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4902 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4903 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4904 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4905 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4906 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4907 terminal coding system automatically. |
25474 | 4908 |
4909 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
4910 @section How do I input eight-bit characters? | |
4911 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters | |
4912 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4913 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters |
25474 | 4914 |
28127 | 4915 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4916 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4917 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input |
28127 | 4918 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}. |
25474 | 4919 |
4920 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4921 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets? |
25474 | 4922 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs |
4923 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs | |
4924 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs | |
4925 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs | |
4926 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4927 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4928 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4929 to find and download the latest version of Emacs. |
25474 | 4930 |
4931 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets | |
4932 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
4933 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets | |
4934 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs | |
4935 @cindex Semitic alphabets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4936 @cindex Arabic alphabets |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4937 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4938 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4939 yet support right-to-left character entry and display. |
25474 | 4940 |
4941 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called | |
4942 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It | |
4943 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for | |
4944 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. | |
4945 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4946 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4947 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4948 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support. |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4949 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux. |
25474 | 4950 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4951 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew}; |
25474 | 4952 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
4953 | |
4954 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4955 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top | |
4956 @chapter Mail and news | |
4957 @cindex Mail and news | |
4958 | |
4959 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4960 * Changing the included text prefix:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4961 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4962 * Expanding aliases when sending mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4963 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4964 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4965 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4966 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4967 * Replying to the sender of a message:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4968 * MIME with Emacs mail packages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4969 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4970 * Reading news with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4971 * Gnus does not work with NNTP:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4972 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4973 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4974 * Starting Gnus faster:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4975 * Catching up in all newsgroups:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4976 * Killing based on nonstandard headers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4977 * Removing flashing messages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4978 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4979 * Gnus hangs for a long time:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4980 * Learning more about Gnus:: |
25474 | 4981 @end menu |
4982 | |
4983 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news | |
4984 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? | |
4985 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing | |
4986 @cindex Included text prefix, changing | |
4987 @cindex Setting the included text character | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4988 @cindex Quoting in mail messages |
25474 | 4989 |
4990 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable | |
4991 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. | |
4992 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}. | |
4993 | |
4994 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}. | |
4995 | |
4996 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to | |
4997 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an | |
4998 appropriate regexp. | |
4999 | |
5000 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news | |
5001 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
5002 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail | |
5003 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file | |
5004 @cindex Filing outgoing mail | |
5005 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail | |
5006 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically | |
5007 | |
5008 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the | |
5009 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by | |
5010 including an @samp{FCC} header. | |
5011 | |
5012 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to | |
5013 yourself by putting | |
5014 | |
5015 @lisp | |
5016 (setq mail-self-blind t) | |
5017 @end lisp | |
5018 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5019 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5020 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5021 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5022 file: |
25474 | 5023 |
5024 @lisp | |
5025 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) | |
5026 @end lisp | |
5027 | |
5028 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly | |
5029 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}. | |
5030 | |
5031 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your | |
5032 components file. | |
5033 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5034 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc} |
25474 | 5035 file. |
5036 | |
5037 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news | |
5038 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
5039 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail | |
5040 @cindex Mail alias expansion | |
5041 @cindex Sending mail with aliases | |
5042 | |
5043 @itemize @bullet | |
5044 | |
5045 @item | |
5046 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
5047 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses | |
5048 like this one: | |
5049 | |
5050 @example | |
5051 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> | |
5052 @end example | |
5053 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5054 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5055 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5056 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5057 @file{~/.mailrc} file. |
25474 | 5058 |
5059 @item | |
5060 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session, | |
5061 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5062 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to |
25474 | 5063 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}. |
5064 | |
5065 @item | |
5066 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you | |
5067 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: | |
5068 | |
5069 @lisp | |
34922 | 5070 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
25474 | 5071 @end lisp |
5072 | |
5073 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type | |
5074 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their | |
5075 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5076 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}). |
25474 | 5077 @end itemize |
5078 | |
5079 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news | |
5080 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
5081 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message | |
5082 | |
5083 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail | |
5084 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try | |
5085 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it | |
5086 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the | |
5087 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the | |
5088 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}. | |
5089 | |
5090 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news | |
5091 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
5092 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in | |
5093 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail | |
5094 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder | |
5095 | |
5096 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions | |
5097 and their key bindings. | |
5098 | |
5099 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news | |
5100 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}? | |
5101 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail} | |
5102 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail | |
5103 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5104 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5105 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files. |
25474 | 5106 |
5107 RMS writes: | |
5108 | |
5109 @quotation | |
5110 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5111 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5112 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5113 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5114 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5115 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}. |
25474 | 5116 @end quotation |
5117 | |
5118 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news | |
5119 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
5120 @cindex Recovering munged mail files | |
5121 @cindex Rmail munged my files | |
5122 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail | |
5123 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5124 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5125 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with |
25474 | 5126 @kbd{C-x k}). |
5127 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5128 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files |
25474 | 5129 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox |
5130 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each | |
5131 message. | |
5132 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5133 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5134 @cindex @code{unrmail} command |
25474 | 5135 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
5136 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the | |
5137 input and output file names. | |
5138 | |
39304
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5139 @pindex b2m |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5140 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5141 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this: |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5142 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5143 @example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5144 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5145 @end example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5146 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5147 @noindent |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5148 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5149 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5150 be written. |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5151 |
25474 | 5152 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news |
5153 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients? | |
5154 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message | |
5155 @cindex Sender, replying only to | |
5156 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in | |
5157 | |
5158 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit | |
5159 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original | |
5160 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC} | |
5161 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}), | |
5162 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole | |
5163 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the | |
5164 best fix I've been able to come up with: | |
5165 | |
5166 @lisp | |
5167 (defun rmail-reply-t () | |
5168 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" | |
5169 (interactive) | |
5170 (rmail-reply t)) | |
5171 | |
5172 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5173 (lambda () |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5174 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5175 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
25474 | 5176 @end lisp |
5177 | |
5178 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
5179 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? |
25474 | 5180 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages |
5181 @cindex Mail packages and MIME | |
5182 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs | |
5183 | |
5184 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu, | |
5185 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at | |
5186 | |
5187 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html} | |
5188 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5189 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5190 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5191 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3. |
25474 | 5192 |
5193 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news | |
5194 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
5195 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically | |
5196 @cindex News reader, starting automatically | |
5197 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically | |
5198 | |
5199 To start Emacs in Gnus: | |
5200 | |
5201 @example | |
5202 emacs -f gnus | |
5203 @end example | |
5204 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5205 @noindent |
25474 | 5206 in Rmail: |
5207 | |
5208 @example | |
5209 emacs -f rmail | |
5210 @end example | |
5211 | |
5212 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: | |
5213 | |
5214 @example | |
5215 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
5216 gnus | |
5217 @end example | |
5218 | |
5219 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader | |
5220 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5221 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
25474 | 5222 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
5223 | |
5224 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news | |
5225 @section How do I read news under Emacs? | |
5226 @cindex Reading news under Emacs | |
5227 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs | |
5228 @cindex Gnus newsreader | |
5229 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5230 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5231 something}). |
25474 | 5232 |
5233 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news | |
5234 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
5235 @cindex Gnus and NNTP | |
5236 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with | |
5237 | |
5238 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
5239 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one | |
5240 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version | |
5241 1.5.11 claims to fix this. | |
5242 | |
5243 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
5244 | |
5245 @lisp | |
5246 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
5247 @end lisp | |
5248 | |
5249 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
5250 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5251 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5252 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out. |
25474 | 5253 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
5254 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas. |
25474 | 5255 |
5256 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news | |
5257 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)? | |
5258 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles | |
5259 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining | |
5260 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles | |
5261 | |
5262 Underlining appears like this: | |
5263 | |
5264 @example | |
5265 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
5266 @end example | |
5267 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5268 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following |
25474 | 5269 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5270 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus: |
25474 | 5271 |
5272 @lisp | |
5273 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike () | |
5274 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands. | |
5275 (save-excursion | |
5276 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
5277 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)) | |
5278 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
5279 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t) | |
5280 (let ((next (following-char)) | |
5281 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2)))) | |
5282 (cond ((eq next previous) | |
5283 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5284 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5285 'face 'bold)) | |
5286 ((eq next ?_) | |
5287 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point))) | |
5288 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) | |
5289 'face 'underline)) | |
5290 ((eq previous ?_) | |
5291 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5292 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5293 'face 'underline)))))))) | |
5294 | |
5295 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike) | |
5296 @end lisp | |
5297 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5298 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5299 |
25474 | 5300 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
5301 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this | |
5302 automatically via | |
5303 | |
5304 @lisp | |
5305 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5306 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
25474 | 5307 @end lisp |
5308 | |
5309 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news | |
5310 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
5311 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving | |
5312 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus | |
5313 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in | |
5314 | |
5315 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer | |
5316 to see a list of available commands. | |
5317 | |
5318 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news | |
5319 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
5320 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus | |
5321 @cindex Starting Gnus faster | |
5322 @cindex Gnus, starting faster | |
5323 | |
5324 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}): | |
5325 | |
5326 @quotation | |
5327 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted | |
5328 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to | |
5329 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version | |
5330 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the | |
5331 following settings: | |
5332 | |
5333 @lisp | |
5334 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil | |
5335 gnus-read-active-file 'some | |
5336 gnus-nov-is-evil nil | |
5337 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) | |
5338 @end lisp | |
5339 @end quotation | |
5340 | |
5341 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news | |
5342 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
5343 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus | |
5344 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in | |
5345 | |
5346 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e} | |
5347 | |
5348 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point | |
5349 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer. | |
5350 | |
5351 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news | |
5352 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers? | |
5353 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers | |
5354 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on | |
5355 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on | |
5356 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on | |
5357 | |
5358 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5359 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields. |
25474 | 5360 |
5361 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
5362 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article | |
5363 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). | |
5364 | |
5365 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
5366 this: | |
5367 | |
5368 @lisp | |
5369 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
5370 @end lisp | |
5371 | |
5372 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news | |
5373 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? | |
5374 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing | |
5375 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages | |
5376 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus | |
5377 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in | |
5378 | |
5379 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}. | |
5380 | |
5381 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news | |
5382 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
5383 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus | |
5384 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up | |
5385 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow | |
5386 | |
5387 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with | |
5388 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}. | |
5389 | |
5390 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news | |
5391 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
5392 @cindex Hangs in Gnus | |
5393 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting | |
5394 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile | |
5395 | |
5396 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains: | |
5397 | |
5398 @quotation | |
5399 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5400 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5401 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. |
25474 | 5402 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the |
5403 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5404 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5405 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5406 so it can file the article. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5407 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5408 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5409 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5410 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5411 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5412 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5413 most folks as that update propagates around. |
25474 | 5414 @end quotation |
5415 | |
5416 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news | |
5417 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
5418 @cindex FAQ for Gnus | |
5419 @cindex Gnus FAQ | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
5420 @cindex Learning more about Gnus |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
5421 |
50954 | 5422 For more information on Gnus, consult the Gnus manual and FAQ, which are |
5423 part of the Gnus distribution. | |
25474 | 5424 |
5425 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top | |
5426 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
5427 @printindex cp | |
5428 | |
5429 @contents | |
5430 @bye | |
52401 | 5431 |
5432 @ignore | |
5433 arch-tag: fee0d62d-06cf-43d8-ac21-123408eaf10f | |
5434 @end ignore |