annotate man/frames.texi @ 27624:904a6e5948b5

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author Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
date Sun, 06 Feb 2000 23:37:33 +0000
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93-95, 97, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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4 @node Frames, International, Windows, Top
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5 @chapter Frames and X Windows
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6 @cindex frames
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7
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8 When using the X Window System, you can create multiple windows at the
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9 X level in a single Emacs session. Each X window that belongs to Emacs
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10 displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or several Emacs windows.
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11 A frame initially contains a single general-purpose Emacs window which
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12 you can subdivide vertically or horizontally into smaller windows. A
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13 frame normally contains its own echo area and minibuffer, but you can
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14 make frames that don't have these---they use the echo area and
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15 minibuffer of another frame.
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16
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17 Editing you do in one frame also affects the other frames. For
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18 instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it
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19 in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame,
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20 it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5
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21 0}.
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22
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23 To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the
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24 subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a
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25 frame.
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26
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27 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some aspects of the window system
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28 so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter.
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29 @xref{MS-DOS Input}, for more information.
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30
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31 @cindex MS Windows
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32 Emacs compiled for MS Windows mostly supports the same features as
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33 under X.
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34
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35 Features which rely on text in multiple faces (such as Font Lock mode)
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36 will also work on non-windowed terminals that can display more than one
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37 face, whether by colors or underlining and emboldening, such as the
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38 Linux console. Emacs determines automatically whether the terminal has
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39 such support.
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40
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41 @menu
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42 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
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43 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.
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44 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
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45 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
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46 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
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47 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
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48 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
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49 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
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50 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
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51 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
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52 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
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53 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
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54 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
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55 @c * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
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56 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
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57 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
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58 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
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59 * Support Modes:: Font Lock support modes make Font Lock faster.
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60 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
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61 * Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
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62 * Tooltips:: Showing `tooltips', AKA `ballon help' for active text.
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63 * Misc X:: Iconifying and deleting frames.
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64 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
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65 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
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66 @end menu
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67
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68 @node Mouse Commands
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69 @section Mouse Commands for Editing
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70 @cindex mouse buttons (what they do)
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71
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72 The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly
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73 compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse
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74 commands for copying between Emacs and other X client programs.
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75
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76 @kindex DELETE
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77 If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then
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78 immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the
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79 region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the
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80 ASCII character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key
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81 in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this.
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82
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83 @findex mouse-set-region
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84 @findex mouse-set-point
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85 @findex mouse-yank-at-click
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86 @findex mouse-save-then-click
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87 @kindex Mouse-1
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88 @kindex Mouse-2
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89 @kindex Mouse-3
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90 @table @kbd
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91 @item Mouse-1
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92 Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}).
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93 This is normally the left button.
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94
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95 @item Drag-Mouse-1
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96 Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the
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97 kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the
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98 region with this single command.
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99
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100 @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines
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101 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while
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102 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse
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103 back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit
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104 entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends
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105 on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable
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106 @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size.
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107
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108 @item Mouse-2
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109 Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}).
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110 This is normally the middle button.
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111
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112 @item Mouse-3
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113 This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions
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114 depending on where you click and the status of the region.
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115
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116 The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and
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117 then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two
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118 positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill
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119 ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else.
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120
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121 If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and
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122 then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling
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123 (where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the
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124 other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that
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125 doesn't fit entirely on the screen.
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126
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127 More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3}
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128 selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It
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129 does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where
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130 you click.
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131
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132 If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before
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133 by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region
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134 by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also
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135 replaces the old region's text in the kill ring.
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136
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137 If you originally specified the region using a double or triple
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138 @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words
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139 or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by
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140 entire words or lines.
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141
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142 If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place,
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143 that kills the region already selected.
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144
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145 @item Double-Mouse-1
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146 This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you
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147 click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C
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148 mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character.
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149
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150 If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis
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151 syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping (sexp)
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152 which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with
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153 string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it
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154 sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure
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155 out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it).
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156
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157 @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1
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158 This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across.
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159
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160 @item Triple-Mouse-1
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161 This key sets the region around the line you click on.
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162
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163 @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1
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164 This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across.
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165 @end table
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166
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167 The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1}
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168 at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end.
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169 @xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it
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170 from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the
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171 text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it.
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172
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173 @vindex mouse-yank-at-point
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174 To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there
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175 and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if
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176 @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at
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177 point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the
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178 frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This
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179 variable also affects yanking the secondary selection.
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180
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181 @cindex cutting and X
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182 @cindex pasting and X
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183 @cindex X cutting and pasting
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184 To copy text to another X window, kill it or save it in the kill ring.
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185 Under X, this also sets the @dfn{primary selection}. Then use the
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186 ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the program operating the other window
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187 to insert the text from the selection.
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188
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189 To copy text from another X window, use the ``cut'' or ``copy'' command
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190 of the program operating the other window, to select the text you want.
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191 Then yank it in Emacs with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}.
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192
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193 These cutting and pasting commands also work on MS-Windows.
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194
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195 @cindex primary selection
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196 @cindex cut buffer
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197 @cindex selection, primary
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198 @vindex x-cut-buffer-max
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199 When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the front
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200 of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the X server.
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201 This is how other X clients can access the text. Emacs also stores the
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202 text in the cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough
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203 (@code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters);
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204 putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow.
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205
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206 The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check
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207 first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check
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208 for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text
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209 to yank, the kill ring contents are used.
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210
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211 @node Secondary Selection
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212 @section Secondary Selection
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213 @cindex secondary selection
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214
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215 The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using
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216 X. It does not use point or the mark, so you can use it to kill text
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217 without setting point or the mark.
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218
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219 @table @kbd
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220 @findex mouse-set-secondary
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221 @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1
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222 @item M-Drag-Mouse-1
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223 Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press
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224 down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it
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225 (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as
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226 you drag.
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227
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228 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while
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229 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse
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230 back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit
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231 entirely on the screen.
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232
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233 @findex mouse-start-secondary
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234 @kindex M-Mouse-1
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235 @item M-Mouse-1
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236 Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection}
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237 (@code{mouse-start-secondary}).
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238
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239 @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill
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240 @kindex M-Mouse-3
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241 @item M-Mouse-3
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242 Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1}
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243 as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). A second click
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244 at the same place kills the secondary selection just made.
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245
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246 @findex mouse-yank-secondary
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247 @kindex M-Mouse-2
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248 @item M-Mouse-2
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249 Insert the secondary selection where you click
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250 (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the
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251 yanked text.
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252 @end table
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253
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254 Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and
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255 lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}.
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256
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257 If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2}
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258 yanks at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click; all
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259 that matters is which window you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}.
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260
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261 @node Mouse References
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262 @section Following References with the Mouse
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263 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)}
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264
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265 Some Emacs buffers display lists of various sorts. These include
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266 lists of files, of buffers, of possible completions, of matches for
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267 a pattern, and so on.
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268
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269 Since yanking text into these buffers is not very useful, most of them
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270 define @kbd{Mouse-2} specially, as a command to use or view the item you
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271 click on.
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272
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273 For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file name in a Dired
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274 buffer, you visit that file. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error
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275 message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, you go to the source code
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276 for that error message. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in
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277 the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you choose that completion.
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278
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279 You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-2} has this special sort of
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280 meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you move the mouse
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281 over it.
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282
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283 @node Menu Mouse Clicks
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284 @section Mouse Clicks for Menus
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285
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286 Mouse clicks modified with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} keys
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287 bring up menus.
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288
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289 @kindex C-Mouse-3
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290 @table @kbd
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291 @item C-Mouse-1
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292 This menu is for selecting a buffer.
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293
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294 @item C-Mouse-2
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295 This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties
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296 for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}.
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297
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298 @item C-Mouse-3
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299 This menu is mode-specific. For most modes, this menu has the same
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300 items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus put together. Some modes
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301 may specify a different menu for this button.@footnote{Some systems use
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302 @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific menu. We took a survey of users, and
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303 found they preferred to keep @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing
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304 regions. Hence the decision to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu.}
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305
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306 @item S-mouse-1
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307 This menu is for specifying the frame's principal font.
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308 @end table
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309
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310 @node Mode Line Mouse
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311 @section Mode Line Mouse Commands
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312
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313 You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate
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314 windows.
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315
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316 @table @kbd
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317 @item Mouse-1
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318 @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window above. By dragging
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319 @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus changing the
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320 height of the windows above and below.
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321
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322 @item Mouse-2
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323 @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame.
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324
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325 @item Mouse-3
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326 @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window above.
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327
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328 @item C-Mouse-2
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329 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above
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330 horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click.
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331 @end table
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332
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333 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window
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334 vertically. @xref{Split Window}.
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335
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
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336 The commands above apply to areas of the mode line which do not have
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
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337 mouse bindings of their own. Normally some areas, such as those
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338 displaying the buffer name and the major mode name, have their own mouse
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
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339 bindings. Help on these bindings is echoed when the mouse is positioned
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340 over them.
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341
25829
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342 @node Creating Frames
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343 @section Creating Frames
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344 @cindex creating frames
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345
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346 @kindex C-x 5
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347 The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel
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348 subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new
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349 frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop
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350 Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays
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351 the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after
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352 raising or deiconifying as necessary.
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353
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354 The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the
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355 buffer to select:
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356
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357 @table @kbd
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358 @item C-x 5 2
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359 @kindex C-x 5 2
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360 @findex make-frame-command
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361 Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}).
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362 @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET}
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363 Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs
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364 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}.
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365 @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET}
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366 Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This
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367 runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}.
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368 @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET}
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369 Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame.
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370 This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}.
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371 @item C-x 5 m
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372 Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs
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373 @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}.
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374 @xref{Sending Mail}.
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375 @item C-x 5 .
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376 Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs
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377 @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}.
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378 @xref{Tags}.
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379 @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET}
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380 @kindex C-x 5 r
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381 @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame
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382 Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another
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383 frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}.
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384 @xref{Visiting}.
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385 @end table
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386
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387 @cindex default-frame-alist
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388 @cindex initial-frame-alist
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389 You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the
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390 frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the
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391 variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect
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392 only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs
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393 Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information.
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394
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395 @cindex font (default)
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396 The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs
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397 frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by
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398 modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font}
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399 parameter, as shown here:
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400
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401 @example
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402 (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20"))
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403 @end example
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404
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405 @node Speedbar
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406 @section Making and Using a Speedbar Frame
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407 @cindex speedbar
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408
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409 An Emacs frame can have a @dfn{speedbar}, which is a vertical window
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410 that serves as a scrollable menu of files you could visit and tags
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411 within those files. To create a speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}; this
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412 creates a speedbar window for the selected frame. From then on, you can
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413 click on a file name in the speedbar to visit that file in the
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414 corresponding Emacs frame, or click on a tag name to jump to that tag in
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415 the Emacs frame.
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416
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417 Initially the speedbar lists the immediate contents of the current
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418 directory, one file per line. Each line also has a box, @samp{[+]} or
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419 @samp{<+>}, that you can click on with @kbd{Mouse-2} to ``open up'' the
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420 contents of that item. If the line names a directory, opening it adds
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421 the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the
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422 directory's own line. If the line lists an ordinary file, opening it up
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423 adds a list of the tags in that file to the speedbar display. When a
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424 file is opened up, the @samp{[+]} changes to @samp{[-]}; you can click
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425 on that box to ``close up'' that file (hide its contents).
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426
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427 Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have
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428 specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to
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429 select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail
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430 files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by
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431 clicking on its @samp{<M>} box.
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432
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433 A speedbar belongs to one Emacs frame, and always operates on that
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434 frame. If you use multiple frames, you can make a speedbar for some or
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435 all of the frames; type @kbd{M-x speedbar} in any given frame to make a
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436 speedbar for it.
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437
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438 @node Multiple Displays
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439 @section Multiple Displays
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440 @cindex multiple displays
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441
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442 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Windows display.
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443 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one specified with the
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444 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option
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445 (@pxref{Initial Options}). To connect to another display, use the
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446 command @code{make-frame-on-display}:
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447
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448 @findex make-frame-on-display
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449 @table @kbd
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450 @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET}
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451 Create a new frame on display @var{display}.
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452 @end table
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453
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454 A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open
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diff changeset
455 frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a
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456 single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these
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457 screens as a single stream of input.
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diff changeset
458
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459 When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate
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460 input stream for each server. This way, two users can type
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461 simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their
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462 input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you
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463 enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame.
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464
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465 Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different
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466 displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful.
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parents:
diff changeset
467 For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
468 for all of them!
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470 @node Special Buffer Frames
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parents:
diff changeset
471 @section Special Buffer Frames
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473 @vindex special-display-buffer-names
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parents:
diff changeset
474 You can make certain chosen buffers, for which Emacs normally creates
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 a second window when you have just one window, appear in special frames
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 of their own. To do this, set the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477 @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478 buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
479 when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in another window.''
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
480
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481 For example, if you set the variable this way,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 (setq special-display-buffer-names
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*"))
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 frame automatically.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 @vindex special-display-regexps
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a separate window.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 @vindex special-display-frame-alist
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 to set it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 For those who know Lisp, an element of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter values;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 these values take precedence over parameter values specified in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 @code{special-display-frame-alist}. Alternatively, it can have this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 form:
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parents:
diff changeset
515
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
517 (@var{function} @var{args}...)
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parents:
diff changeset
518 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
519
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
521 where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 remaining arguments are @var{args}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528 therefore, if you add a buffer name to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529 @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530 whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531
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parents:
diff changeset
532 @node Frame Parameters
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parents:
diff changeset
533 @section Setting Frame Parameters
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parents:
diff changeset
534 @cindex colors
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parents:
diff changeset
535 @cindex Auto-Raise mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536 @cindex Auto-Lower mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 This section describes commands for altering the display style and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 window management behavior of the selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 @findex set-foreground-color
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 @findex set-background-color
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 @findex set-cursor-color
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 @findex set-mouse-color
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 @findex set-border-color
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 @findex auto-raise-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 @findex auto-lower-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 @item M-x set-foreground-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 Specify color @var{color} for the foreground of the selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551 (This also changes the foreground color of the default face.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 @item M-x set-background-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 Specify color @var{color} for the background of the selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 (This also changes the background color of the default face.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 @item M-x set-cursor-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 Specify color @var{color} for the cursor of the selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 @item M-x set-mouse-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 Specify color @var{color} for the mouse cursor when it is over the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 @item M-x set-border-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 Specify color @var{color} for the border of the selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 @item M-x list-colors-display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 Display the defined color names and show what the colors look like.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569 This command is somewhat slow.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 @item M-x auto-raise-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573 means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 Note that this auto-raise feature is implemented by Emacs itself. Some
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable auto-raise for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578 Emacs frames in your X window manager, it should work, but it is beyond
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 Emacs's control and therefore @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 @item M-x auto-lower-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 the frame moves to the bottom of the stack of X windows.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 implemented by the X window manager. To control that, you must use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 the appropriate window manager features.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 @findex set-frame-font
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 @item M-x set-frame-font @key{RET} @var{font} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 @cindex font (principal)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 Specify font @var{font} as the principal font for the selected frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 The principal font controls several face attributes of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 @code{default} face (@pxref{Faces}). For example, if the principal font
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 has a height of 12 pt, all text will be drawn in 12 pt fonts, unless you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 use another face that specifies a different height. @xref{Font X}, for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599 ways to list the available fonts on your system.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 @kindex S-Mouse-1
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 You can also set a frame's principal font through a pop-up menu.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate this menu.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources X}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 @xref{Colors X}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 font.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 For information on frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 @node Scroll Bars
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 @section Scroll Bars
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 @cindex Scroll Bar mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 @cindex mode, Scroll Bar
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 When using X, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at the left of
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
622 each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
623 useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.}
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
624 The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows a moving
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
625 rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the buffer
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
626 currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar represents the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
627 entire length of the buffer.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 (normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 Aside from scrolling, you can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 bar to split a window vertically. The split occurs on the line where
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 you click.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 @findex scroll-bar-mode
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
646 @vindex scroll-bar-mode
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll bars.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, including
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
651 frames yet to be created. Customize the option @code{scroll-bar-mode}
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
652 to control the use of scroll bars at startup. You can use it to specify
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
653 that they are placed at the right of windows if you prefer that. You
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
654 can use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
655 setting of Scroll Bar mode similarly. @xref{Resources X}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 @findex toggle-scroll-bar
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar} command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
661 @node Wheeled Mice
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
662 @section Scrolling With `Wheeled' Mice
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
663
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
664 @cindex mouse wheel
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
665 @findex mwheel-install
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
666 Some mice have a `wheel' instead of a third button. You can usually
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
667 click the wheel to act as @kbd{mouse-3}. You can also use the wheel to
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
668 scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
669 Use @kbd{M-x mwheel-install} to set up the wheel for scrolling or put
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
670 @samp{(require 'mwheel)} in your @file{.emacs}. (Support for the wheel
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
671 depends on the window system generating appropriate events for Emacs.)
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
672
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
673 @vindex mwheel-follow-mouse
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
674 @vindex mwheel-scroll-amount
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
675 The variables @code{mwheel-follow-mouse} and @code{mwheel-scroll-amount}
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
676 determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
677
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 @node Menu Bars
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 @section Menu Bars
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 @cindex Menu Bar mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 @cindex mode, Menu Bar
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 menu-bar-mode}. With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources X}. Expert users often turn off the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 menu bar, especially on text-only terminals, where this makes one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 additional line available for text.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 menu bar.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
695 @c Presumably not useful until we make toolbar items.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
696 @c @node Tool Bars
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
697 @c @section Tool Bars
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
698 @c @cindex Tool Bar mode
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
699 @c @cindex mode, Tool Bar
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
700
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
701 @c You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
702 @c tool-bar-mode}. With no argument, this command toggles Tool Bar mode, a
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
703 @c minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Tool Bar mode on if the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
704 @c argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
705
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
706 @node Dialog Boxes
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
707 @section Using Dialog Boxes
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
708 @cindex dialog boxes
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
709
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
710 @vindex use-dialog-box
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
711 Certain operations invoked from menus will use a window system dialog
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
712 box to get information via the mouse if such dialog boxes are supported.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
713 This includes yes/no questions and file selection under Motif/LessTif
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
714 and MS Windows. Customize the option @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
715 the use of dialog boxes.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
716
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 @node Faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 @section Using Multiple Typefaces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 @cindex faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 When using Emacs with X, you can set up multiple styles of displaying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 characters. The aspects of style that you can control are the type
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 font, the foreground color, the background color, and whether to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 underline. Emacs on MS-DOS supports faces partially by letting you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 control the foreground and background colors of each face
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
726 (@pxref{MS-DOS}). On non-windowed terminals faces are supported to the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
727 extent the terminal can display them.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 The way you control display style is by defining named @dfn{faces}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 Each face can specify a type font, a foreground color, a background
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 color, and an underline flag; but it does not have to specify all of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 them. Then by specifying the face or faces to use for a given part
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 of the text in the buffer, you control how that text appears.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 The style of display used for a given character in the text is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 determined by combining several faces. Any aspect of the display style
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 that isn't specified by overlays or text properties comes from the frame
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 itself.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 commands and menus for specifying faces. @xref{Format Faces}, for how
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 to specify the font for text in the buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 how to specify the foreground and background color.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 @xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources X}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 @findex list-faces-display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like, type
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to look
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 different in different frames; this command shows the appearance in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 frame in which you type it. Here's a list of the standardly defined
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 faces:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @table @code
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 @item default
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any other face.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 @item modeline
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
760 This face is used for mode lines. By default, it's drawn with shadows
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
761 for a `raised' effect under X and set up as the inverse of the default
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
762 face on non-windowed terminals. @xref{Display Vars}.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
763 @item header-line
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
764 Similar to @code{modeline} for a window's header line.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 @item highlight
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @item region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 mode is enabled---see below).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 @item secondary-selection
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 This face is used for displaying a secondary selection (@pxref{Secondary
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 Selection}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @item bold
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @item italic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 @item bold-italic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @item underline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 This face underlines text.
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
781 @item fixed-pitch
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
782 The basic fixed-pitch face.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
783 @item fringe
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
784 The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows under X.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
785 @item scroll-bar
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
786 This face determines the colors of the scroll bar.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
787 @item border
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
788 This face determines the color of the frame border.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
789 @item cursor
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
790 This face determines the color of the cursor.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
791 @item mouse
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
792 This face determines the color of the mouse pointer.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
793 @item tool-bar
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
794 The basic tool-bar face.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
795 @item menu
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
796 This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. Setting the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
797 font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not supported; attempts to set
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
798 the font are ignored in this case.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
799 @item trailing-whitespace
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
800 The face for highlighting trailing whitespace when
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
801 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-nil.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
802 @item variable-pitch
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
803 The basic variable-pitch face.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 @cindex @code{region} face
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 @code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 deactivation of the mark.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 One easy way to use faces is to turn on Font Lock mode. This minor
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 mode, which is always local to a particular buffer, arranges to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 choose faces according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 can recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 important constructs. @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 Font Lock mode and syntactic highlighting.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 You can print out the buffer with the highlighting that appears
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 on your screen using the command @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}.
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
824 @xref{PostScript}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 @node Font Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 @section Font Lock mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @cindex Font Lock mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 @cindex mode, Font Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 @cindex syntax highlighting
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
831 @cindex syntax coloring
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 buffer, which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 important constructs---for example, names of functions being defined
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 or reserved keywords.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 @findex font-lock-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 @findex turn-on-font-lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 The command @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode} turns Font Lock mode on or off
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 according to the argument, and toggles the mode when it has no argument.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 The function @code{turn-on-font-lock} unconditionally enables Font Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 mode. This is useful in mode-hook functions. For example, to enable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 Font Lock mode whenever you edit a C file, you can do this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 @findex global-font-lock-mode
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
854 @vindex global-font-lock-mode
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 To turn on Font Lock mode automatically in all modes which support it,
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
856 customize the user option @code{global-font-lock-mode} or use the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
857 function @code{global-font-lock-mode}, like this:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 (global-font-lock-mode 1)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @kindex M-g M-g
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @findex font-lock-fontify-block
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 In Font Lock mode, when you edit the text, the highlighting updates
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 automatically in the line that you changed. Most changes don't affect
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 the highlighting of subsequent lines, but occasionally they do. To
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 rehighlight a range of lines, use the command @kbd{M-g M-g}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 (@code{font-lock-fontify-block}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 @vindex font-lock-mark-block-function
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 In certain major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies the entire current
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 function. (The variable @code{font-lock-mark-block-function} controls
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 how to find the current function.) In other major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 refontifies 16 lines above and below point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 With a prefix argument @var{n}, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies @var{n}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 lines above and below point, regardless of the mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 To get the full benefit of Font Lock mode, you need to choose a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 default font which has bold, italic, and bold-italic variants; or else
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 you need to have a color or gray-scale screen.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 otherwise, use this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1)))
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 @vindex font-lock-maximum-size
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 it. The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 beyond which buffer fontification is suppressed.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 the purposes of speed, some modes including C mode and Lisp mode rely on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 a special convention: an open-parenthesis in the leftmost column always
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is thus always outside any string
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 or comment. (@xref{Defuns}.) If you don't follow this convention,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 then Font Lock mode can misfontify the text after an open-parenthesis in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 the leftmost column that is inside a string or comment.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 buffer text from the beginning of the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 @findex font-lock-add-keywords
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 comments, use this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 (font-lock-add-keywords
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 'c-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t)))
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 @node Support Modes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @section Font Lock Support Modes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 Font Lock support modes make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 There are two support modes: Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode. They
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 use two different methods of speeding up Font Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 @menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 * Fast Lock Mode:: Saving font information in files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 * Lazy Lock Mode:: Fontifying only text that is actually displayed.
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
948 * JIT Lock Mode:: Like Lazy Lock, but generally faster.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 * Fast or Lazy:: Which support mode is best for you?
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @end menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @node Fast Lock Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 @subsection Fast Lock Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 @cindex Fast Lock mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 @cindex mode, Fast Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 To make Font Lock mode faster for buffers visiting large files, you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 can use Fast Lock mode. Fast Lock mode saves the font information for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 each file in a separate cache file; each time you visit the file, it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 rereads the font information from the cache file instead of refontifying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 the text from scratch.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 @findex fast-lock-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 The command @kbd{M-x fast-lock-mode} turns Fast Lock mode on or off,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 arrange to enable Fast Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 @vindex fast-lock-minimum-size
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 It is not worth writing a cache file for small buffers. Therefore,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 the variable @code{fast-lock-minimum-size} specifies a minimum file size
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976 for caching font information.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 @vindex fast-lock-cache-directories
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 The variable @code{fast-lock-cache-directories} specifies where to put
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 the cache files. Its value is a list of directories to try; @code{"."}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 means the same directory as the file being edited. The default value is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 @w{@code{("." "~/.emacs-flc")}}, which means to use the same directory if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 possible, and otherwise the directory @file{~/.emacs-flc}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 @vindex fast-lock-save-others
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 The variable @code{fast-lock-save-others} specifies whether Fast Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 mode should save cache files for files that you do not own. A
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 non-@code{nil} value means yes (and that is the default).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 @node Lazy Lock Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 @subsection Lazy Lock Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @cindex Lazy Lock mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 @cindex mode, Lazy Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 To make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers, you can use Lazy Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 mode to reduce the amount of text that is fontified. In Lazy Lock mode,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 buffer fontification is demand-driven; it happens to portions of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 buffer that are about to be displayed. And fontification of your
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 changes is deferred; it happens only when Emacs has been idle for a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 certain short period of time.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 @findex lazy-lock-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns Lazy Lock mode on or off,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 arrange to enable Lazy Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 @vindex lazy-lock-minimum-size
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 It is not worth avoiding buffer fontification for small buffers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014 Therefore, the variable @code{lazy-lock-minimum-size} specifies a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 minimum buffer size for demand-driven buffer fontification. Buffers
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 smaller than that are fontified all at once, as in plain Font Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-time
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 When you alter the buffer, Lazy Lock mode defers fontification of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020 text you changed. The variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} specifies
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1021 how many seconds Emacs must be idle before it starts fontifying your
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1022 changes. If the value is 0, then changes are fontified immediately, as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 in plain Font Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 Lazy Lock mode normally fontifies newly visible portions of the buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027 before they are first displayed. However, if the value of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 @code{lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling} is non-@code{nil}, newly visible
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 text is fontified only when Emacs is idle for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} seconds.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-contextually
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 In some modes, including C mode and Emacs Lisp mode, changes in one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 line's contents can alter the context for subsequent lines, and thus
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1035 change how they ought to be fontified. Ordinarily, you must type
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 @kbd{M-g M-g} to refontify the subsequent lines. However, if you set
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 the variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-contextually} to non-@code{nil}, Lazy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 Lock mode does this automatically, after @code{lazy-lock-defer-time}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 seconds.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 @cindex stealth fontification
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 When Emacs is idle for a long time, Lazy Lock fontifies additional
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 portions of the buffer, not yet displayed, in case you will display them
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 later. This is called @dfn{stealth fontification}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-time
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-verbose
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 The variable @code{lazy-lock-stealth-time} specifies how many seconds
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 Emacs has to be idle before stealth fontification starts. A value of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 @code{nil} means no stealth fontification. The variables
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 @code{lazy-lock-stealth-lines} and @code{lazy-lock-stealth-verbose}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 specify the granularity and verbosity of stealth fontification.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1055 @node JIT Lock Mode
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1056 @subsection JIT Lock Mode
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1057
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1058 @findex jit-lock-mode
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1059 The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns JIT Lock mode on or off,
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1060 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). This support
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1061 mode is roughly equivalent to Lazy Lock but is generally faster. It
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1062 supports stealth and deferred fontification.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1063
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1064 Font-lock uses @code{jit-lock-mode} as default support mode, so you
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1065 don't have to do anything to activate it.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1066
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 @node Fast or Lazy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 @subsection Fast Lock or Lazy Lock?
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 Here is a simple guide to help you choose one of the Font Lock support
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 modes.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 Fast Lock mode intervenes only during file visiting and buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 killing (and related events); therefore buffer editing and window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 scrolling are no faster or slower than in plain Font Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 Fast Lock mode is slower at reading a cache file than Lazy Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 mode is at fontifying a window; therefore Fast Lock mode is slower at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 visiting a file than Lazy Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 Lazy Lock mode intervenes during window scrolling to fontify text that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 scrolls onto the screen; therefore, scrolling is slower than in plain
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 Font Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 Lazy Lock mode doesn't fontify during buffer editing (it defers
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 fontification of changes); therefore, editing is faster than in plain
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 Font Lock mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 Fast Lock mode can be fooled by a file that is kept under version
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 control software; therefore buffer fontification may occur even when
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 a cache file exists for the file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 Fast Lock mode only works with a buffer visiting a file; Lazy Lock
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 mode works with any buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 Fast Lock mode generates cache files; Lazy Lock mode does not.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 @end itemize
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 @vindex font-lock-support-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 The variable @code{font-lock-support-mode} specifies which of these
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 support modes to use; for example, to specify that Fast Lock mode is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 used for C/C++ modes, and Lazy Lock mode otherwise, set the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 like this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 (setq font-lock-support-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 '((c-mode . fast-lock-mode) (c++-mode . fast-lock-mode)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 (t . lazy-lock-mode)))
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 @node Highlight Changes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 @section Highlight Changes Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 @findex highlight-changes-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable a minor mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 that uses faces (colors, typically) to indicate which parts of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125 the buffer were changed most recently.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1127 @node Trailing Whitespace
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1128 @section Trailing Whitespace
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1129
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1130 @cindex trailing whitespace
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1131 @vindex show-trailing-whitespace
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
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diff changeset
1132 The option @code{show-trailing-whitespace} can be customized so that
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1133 Emacs displays trailing whitespace in the face
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1134 @code{trailing-whitespace}. Trailing whitespace is defined as spaces or
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1135 tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy highlighting when entering new
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1136 text, trailing whitespace is not displayed if point is at the end of the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1137 line containing the whitespace.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1138
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1139 @node Tooltips
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1140 @section Tooltips (or `Ballon Help')
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1141
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1142 @cindex balloon help
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1143 @findex tooltip-mode
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1144 Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1145 mouse position, typically over text which can be activated with the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1146 mouse or other keys. (This facility is sometimes known as `balloon
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1147 help'.) To use them customize the user option. @code{tooltip-mode}.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1148 The customization group @code{tooltip} controls various aspects of their
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1149 display.
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1150
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1151
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
1152 @node Misc X
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 @section Miscellaneous X Window Features
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 @item C-z
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 window system, so it has a different binding in that case.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 @item C-x 5 0
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 @kindex C-x 5 0
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parents:
diff changeset
1169 @findex delete-frame
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 there is only one frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 @item C-x 5 o
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 @kindex C-x 5 o
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parents:
diff changeset
1175 @findex other-frame
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parents:
diff changeset
1176 Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 frames on your terminal.
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parents:
diff changeset
1179 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1180
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 @node Non-Window Terminals
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 @section Non-Window Terminals
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 @cindex non-window terminals
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parents:
diff changeset
1184 @cindex single-frame terminals
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 If your terminal does not have a window system that Emacs supports,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 then it can display only one Emacs frame at a time. However, you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch between them. Switching
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 frames on these terminals is much like switching between different
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 window configurations.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 the current frame.
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parents:
diff changeset
1195
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parents:
diff changeset
1196 Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form
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diff changeset
1199 @samp{F@var{n}}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1200
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parents:
diff changeset
1201 @findex set-frame-name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 @findex select-frame-by-name
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parents:
diff changeset
1203 @samp{F@var{n}} is actually the frame's name. You can also specify a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 different name if you wish, and you can select a frame by its name. Use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 specify a new name for the selected frame, and use @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to select a frame
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parents:
diff changeset
1208 according to its name. The name you specify appears in the mode line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 when the frame is selected.
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parents:
diff changeset
1210
27224
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
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1211 @node XTerm Mouse
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1212 @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1213
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1214 Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1215 window. In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm},
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1216 you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to enable simple use of the
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1217 mouse---only single clicks are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1218 functionality is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key
d9c8c29ec5c4 Features may work other than under X.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
1219 when you press the mouse button.