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annotate man/frames.texi @ 27624:904a6e5948b5
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author | Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org> |
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date | Sun, 06 Feb 2000 23:37:33 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93-95, 97, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @node Frames, International, Windows, Top | |
5 @chapter Frames and X Windows | |
6 @cindex frames | |
7 | |
8 When using the X Window System, you can create multiple windows at the | |
9 X level in a single Emacs session. Each X window that belongs to Emacs | |
10 displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or several Emacs windows. | |
11 A frame initially contains a single general-purpose Emacs window which | |
12 you can subdivide vertically or horizontally into smaller windows. A | |
13 frame normally contains its own echo area and minibuffer, but you can | |
14 make frames that don't have these---they use the echo area and | |
15 minibuffer of another frame. | |
16 | |
17 Editing you do in one frame also affects the other frames. For | |
18 instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it | |
19 in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame, | |
20 it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5 | |
21 0}. | |
22 | |
23 To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the | |
24 subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a | |
25 frame. | |
26 | |
27 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some aspects of the window system | |
28 so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter. | |
29 @xref{MS-DOS Input}, for more information. | |
30 | |
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31 @cindex MS Windows |
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32 Emacs compiled for MS Windows mostly supports the same features as |
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33 under X. |
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34 |
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35 Features which rely on text in multiple faces (such as Font Lock mode) |
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36 will also work on non-windowed terminals that can display more than one |
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37 face, whether by colors or underlining and emboldening, such as the |
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38 Linux console. Emacs determines automatically whether the terminal has |
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39 such support. |
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40 |
25829 | 41 @menu |
42 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. | |
43 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. | |
44 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. | |
45 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
46 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
47 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. | |
48 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. | |
49 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
50 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
51 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
52 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. | |
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53 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. |
25829 | 54 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. |
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55 @c * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. |
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56 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. |
25829 | 57 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces. |
58 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces. | |
59 * Support Modes:: Font Lock support modes make Font Lock faster. | |
60 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer. | |
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61 * Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace. |
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62 * Tooltips:: Showing `tooltips', AKA `ballon help' for active text. |
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63 * Misc X:: Iconifying and deleting frames. |
25829 | 64 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. |
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65 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator. |
25829 | 66 @end menu |
67 | |
68 @node Mouse Commands | |
69 @section Mouse Commands for Editing | |
70 @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) | |
71 | |
72 The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly | |
73 compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse | |
74 commands for copying between Emacs and other X client programs. | |
75 | |
76 @kindex DELETE | |
77 If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then | |
78 immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the | |
79 region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the | |
80 ASCII character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key | |
81 in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this. | |
82 | |
83 @findex mouse-set-region | |
84 @findex mouse-set-point | |
85 @findex mouse-yank-at-click | |
86 @findex mouse-save-then-click | |
87 @kindex Mouse-1 | |
88 @kindex Mouse-2 | |
89 @kindex Mouse-3 | |
90 @table @kbd | |
91 @item Mouse-1 | |
92 Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
93 This is normally the left button. | |
94 | |
95 @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
96 Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the | |
97 kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the | |
98 region with this single command. | |
99 | |
100 @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
101 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
102 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
103 back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
104 entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
105 on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
106 @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
107 | |
108 @item Mouse-2 | |
109 Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). | |
110 This is normally the middle button. | |
111 | |
112 @item Mouse-3 | |
113 This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions | |
114 depending on where you click and the status of the region. | |
115 | |
116 The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and | |
117 then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two | |
118 positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill | |
119 ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else. | |
120 | |
121 If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and | |
122 then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling | |
123 (where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the | |
124 other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that | |
125 doesn't fit entirely on the screen. | |
126 | |
127 More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
128 selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It | |
129 does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where | |
130 you click. | |
131 | |
132 If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before | |
133 by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region | |
134 by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also | |
135 replaces the old region's text in the kill ring. | |
136 | |
137 If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
138 @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words | |
139 or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by | |
140 entire words or lines. | |
141 | |
142 If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place, | |
143 that kills the region already selected. | |
144 | |
145 @item Double-Mouse-1 | |
146 This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you | |
147 click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C | |
148 mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character. | |
149 | |
150 If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis | |
151 syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping (sexp) | |
152 which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with | |
153 string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it | |
154 sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure | |
155 out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it). | |
156 | |
157 @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
158 This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across. | |
159 | |
160 @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
161 This key sets the region around the line you click on. | |
162 | |
163 @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
164 This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across. | |
165 @end table | |
166 | |
167 The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
168 at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. | |
169 @xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it | |
170 from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the | |
171 text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. | |
172 | |
173 @vindex mouse-yank-at-point | |
174 To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there | |
175 and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if | |
176 @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at | |
177 point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the | |
178 frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This | |
179 variable also affects yanking the secondary selection. | |
180 | |
181 @cindex cutting and X | |
182 @cindex pasting and X | |
183 @cindex X cutting and pasting | |
184 To copy text to another X window, kill it or save it in the kill ring. | |
185 Under X, this also sets the @dfn{primary selection}. Then use the | |
186 ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the program operating the other window | |
187 to insert the text from the selection. | |
188 | |
189 To copy text from another X window, use the ``cut'' or ``copy'' command | |
190 of the program operating the other window, to select the text you want. | |
191 Then yank it in Emacs with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}. | |
192 | |
193 These cutting and pasting commands also work on MS-Windows. | |
194 | |
195 @cindex primary selection | |
196 @cindex cut buffer | |
197 @cindex selection, primary | |
198 @vindex x-cut-buffer-max | |
199 When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the front | |
200 of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the X server. | |
201 This is how other X clients can access the text. Emacs also stores the | |
202 text in the cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough | |
203 (@code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters); | |
204 putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow. | |
205 | |
206 The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check | |
207 first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check | |
208 for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text | |
209 to yank, the kill ring contents are used. | |
210 | |
211 @node Secondary Selection | |
212 @section Secondary Selection | |
213 @cindex secondary selection | |
214 | |
215 The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using | |
216 X. It does not use point or the mark, so you can use it to kill text | |
217 without setting point or the mark. | |
218 | |
219 @table @kbd | |
220 @findex mouse-set-secondary | |
221 @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
222 @item M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
223 Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press | |
224 down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it | |
225 (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as | |
226 you drag. | |
227 | |
228 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
229 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
230 back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit | |
231 entirely on the screen. | |
232 | |
233 @findex mouse-start-secondary | |
234 @kindex M-Mouse-1 | |
235 @item M-Mouse-1 | |
236 Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection} | |
237 (@code{mouse-start-secondary}). | |
238 | |
239 @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill | |
240 @kindex M-Mouse-3 | |
241 @item M-Mouse-3 | |
242 Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1} | |
243 as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). A second click | |
244 at the same place kills the secondary selection just made. | |
245 | |
246 @findex mouse-yank-secondary | |
247 @kindex M-Mouse-2 | |
248 @item M-Mouse-2 | |
249 Insert the secondary selection where you click | |
250 (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the | |
251 yanked text. | |
252 @end table | |
253 | |
254 Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and | |
255 lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}. | |
256 | |
257 If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2} | |
258 yanks at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click; all | |
259 that matters is which window you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
260 | |
261 @node Mouse References | |
262 @section Following References with the Mouse | |
263 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)} | |
264 | |
265 Some Emacs buffers display lists of various sorts. These include | |
266 lists of files, of buffers, of possible completions, of matches for | |
267 a pattern, and so on. | |
268 | |
269 Since yanking text into these buffers is not very useful, most of them | |
270 define @kbd{Mouse-2} specially, as a command to use or view the item you | |
271 click on. | |
272 | |
273 For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file name in a Dired | |
274 buffer, you visit that file. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error | |
275 message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, you go to the source code | |
276 for that error message. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in | |
277 the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you choose that completion. | |
278 | |
279 You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-2} has this special sort of | |
280 meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you move the mouse | |
281 over it. | |
282 | |
283 @node Menu Mouse Clicks | |
284 @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
285 | |
286 Mouse clicks modified with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} keys | |
287 bring up menus. | |
288 | |
289 @kindex C-Mouse-3 | |
290 @table @kbd | |
291 @item C-Mouse-1 | |
292 This menu is for selecting a buffer. | |
293 | |
294 @item C-Mouse-2 | |
295 This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties | |
296 for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
297 | |
298 @item C-Mouse-3 | |
299 This menu is mode-specific. For most modes, this menu has the same | |
300 items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus put together. Some modes | |
301 may specify a different menu for this button.@footnote{Some systems use | |
302 @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific menu. We took a survey of users, and | |
303 found they preferred to keep @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing | |
304 regions. Hence the decision to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu.} | |
305 | |
306 @item S-mouse-1 | |
307 This menu is for specifying the frame's principal font. | |
308 @end table | |
309 | |
310 @node Mode Line Mouse | |
311 @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
312 | |
313 You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
314 windows. | |
315 | |
316 @table @kbd | |
317 @item Mouse-1 | |
318 @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window above. By dragging | |
319 @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus changing the | |
320 height of the windows above and below. | |
321 | |
322 @item Mouse-2 | |
323 @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. | |
324 | |
325 @item Mouse-3 | |
326 @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window above. | |
327 | |
328 @item C-Mouse-2 | |
329 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above | |
330 horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click. | |
331 @end table | |
332 | |
333 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window | |
334 vertically. @xref{Split Window}. | |
335 | |
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336 The commands above apply to areas of the mode line which do not have |
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337 mouse bindings of their own. Normally some areas, such as those |
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338 displaying the buffer name and the major mode name, have their own mouse |
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339 bindings. Help on these bindings is echoed when the mouse is positioned |
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340 over them. |
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341 |
25829 | 342 @node Creating Frames |
343 @section Creating Frames | |
344 @cindex creating frames | |
345 | |
346 @kindex C-x 5 | |
347 The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel | |
348 subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new | |
349 frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop | |
350 Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays | |
351 the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after | |
352 raising or deiconifying as necessary. | |
353 | |
354 The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
355 buffer to select: | |
356 | |
357 @table @kbd | |
358 @item C-x 5 2 | |
359 @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
360 @findex make-frame-command | |
361 Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
362 @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
363 Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
364 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
365 @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
366 Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
367 runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
368 @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
369 Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
370 This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
371 @item C-x 5 m | |
372 Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
373 @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
374 @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
375 @item C-x 5 . | |
376 Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
377 @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
378 @xref{Tags}. | |
379 @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
380 @kindex C-x 5 r | |
381 @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
382 Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
383 frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
384 @xref{Visiting}. | |
385 @end table | |
386 | |
387 @cindex default-frame-alist | |
388 @cindex initial-frame-alist | |
389 You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the | |
390 frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the | |
391 variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect | |
392 only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs | |
393 Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information. | |
394 | |
395 @cindex font (default) | |
396 The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs | |
397 frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by | |
398 modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font} | |
399 parameter, as shown here: | |
400 | |
401 @example | |
402 (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20")) | |
403 @end example | |
404 | |
405 @node Speedbar | |
406 @section Making and Using a Speedbar Frame | |
407 @cindex speedbar | |
408 | |
409 An Emacs frame can have a @dfn{speedbar}, which is a vertical window | |
410 that serves as a scrollable menu of files you could visit and tags | |
411 within those files. To create a speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}; this | |
412 creates a speedbar window for the selected frame. From then on, you can | |
413 click on a file name in the speedbar to visit that file in the | |
414 corresponding Emacs frame, or click on a tag name to jump to that tag in | |
415 the Emacs frame. | |
416 | |
417 Initially the speedbar lists the immediate contents of the current | |
418 directory, one file per line. Each line also has a box, @samp{[+]} or | |
419 @samp{<+>}, that you can click on with @kbd{Mouse-2} to ``open up'' the | |
420 contents of that item. If the line names a directory, opening it adds | |
421 the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
422 directory's own line. If the line lists an ordinary file, opening it up | |
423 adds a list of the tags in that file to the speedbar display. When a | |
424 file is opened up, the @samp{[+]} changes to @samp{[-]}; you can click | |
425 on that box to ``close up'' that file (hide its contents). | |
426 | |
427 Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
428 specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
429 select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
430 files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
431 clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
432 | |
433 A speedbar belongs to one Emacs frame, and always operates on that | |
434 frame. If you use multiple frames, you can make a speedbar for some or | |
435 all of the frames; type @kbd{M-x speedbar} in any given frame to make a | |
436 speedbar for it. | |
437 | |
438 @node Multiple Displays | |
439 @section Multiple Displays | |
440 @cindex multiple displays | |
441 | |
442 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Windows display. | |
443 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one specified with the | |
444 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option | |
445 (@pxref{Initial Options}). To connect to another display, use the | |
446 command @code{make-frame-on-display}: | |
447 | |
448 @findex make-frame-on-display | |
449 @table @kbd | |
450 @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
451 Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
452 @end table | |
453 | |
454 A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
455 frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
456 single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
457 screens as a single stream of input. | |
458 | |
459 When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
460 input stream for each server. This way, two users can type | |
461 simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their | |
462 input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you | |
463 enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame. | |
464 | |
465 Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different | |
466 displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful. | |
467 For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job | |
468 for all of them! | |
469 | |
470 @node Special Buffer Frames | |
471 @section Special Buffer Frames | |
472 | |
473 @vindex special-display-buffer-names | |
474 You can make certain chosen buffers, for which Emacs normally creates | |
475 a second window when you have just one window, appear in special frames | |
476 of their own. To do this, set the variable | |
477 @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any | |
478 buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame, | |
479 when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in another window.'' | |
480 | |
481 For example, if you set the variable this way, | |
482 | |
483 @example | |
484 (setq special-display-buffer-names | |
485 '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*")) | |
486 @end example | |
487 | |
488 @noindent | |
489 then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell | |
490 buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the | |
491 windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other | |
492 buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for, | |
493 unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its | |
494 frame automatically. | |
495 | |
496 @vindex special-display-regexps | |
497 More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list | |
498 of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name | |
499 matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only | |
500 to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a separate window.) | |
501 | |
502 @vindex special-display-frame-alist | |
503 The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame | |
504 parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need | |
505 to set it. | |
506 | |
507 For those who know Lisp, an element of | |
508 @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps} | |
509 can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or | |
510 regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the | |
511 frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter values; | |
512 these values take precedence over parameter values specified in | |
513 @code{special-display-frame-alist}. Alternatively, it can have this | |
514 form: | |
515 | |
516 @example | |
517 (@var{function} @var{args}...) | |
518 @end example | |
519 | |
520 @noindent | |
521 where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by | |
522 calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its | |
523 remaining arguments are @var{args}. | |
524 | |
525 An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be | |
526 displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The | |
527 same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature; | |
528 therefore, if you add a buffer name to | |
529 @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see | |
530 whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name. | |
531 | |
532 @node Frame Parameters | |
533 @section Setting Frame Parameters | |
534 @cindex colors | |
535 @cindex Auto-Raise mode | |
536 @cindex Auto-Lower mode | |
537 | |
538 This section describes commands for altering the display style and | |
539 window management behavior of the selected frame. | |
540 | |
541 @findex set-foreground-color | |
542 @findex set-background-color | |
543 @findex set-cursor-color | |
544 @findex set-mouse-color | |
545 @findex set-border-color | |
546 @findex auto-raise-mode | |
547 @findex auto-lower-mode | |
548 @table @kbd | |
549 @item M-x set-foreground-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
550 Specify color @var{color} for the foreground of the selected frame. | |
551 (This also changes the foreground color of the default face.) | |
552 | |
553 @item M-x set-background-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
554 Specify color @var{color} for the background of the selected frame. | |
555 (This also changes the background color of the default face.) | |
556 | |
557 @item M-x set-cursor-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
558 Specify color @var{color} for the cursor of the selected frame. | |
559 | |
560 @item M-x set-mouse-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
561 Specify color @var{color} for the mouse cursor when it is over the | |
562 selected frame. | |
563 | |
564 @item M-x set-border-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
565 Specify color @var{color} for the border of the selected frame. | |
566 | |
567 @item M-x list-colors-display | |
568 Display the defined color names and show what the colors look like. | |
569 This command is somewhat slow. | |
570 | |
571 @item M-x auto-raise-mode | |
572 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise | |
573 means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the | |
574 frame. | |
575 | |
576 Note that this auto-raise feature is implemented by Emacs itself. Some | |
577 window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable auto-raise for | |
578 Emacs frames in your X window manager, it should work, but it is beyond | |
579 Emacs's control and therefore @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect on | |
580 it. | |
581 | |
582 @item M-x auto-lower-mode | |
583 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower. | |
584 Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame, | |
585 the frame moves to the bottom of the stack of X windows. | |
586 | |
587 The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower | |
588 implemented by the X window manager. To control that, you must use | |
589 the appropriate window manager features. | |
590 | |
591 @findex set-frame-font | |
592 @item M-x set-frame-font @key{RET} @var{font} @key{RET} | |
593 @cindex font (principal) | |
594 Specify font @var{font} as the principal font for the selected frame. | |
595 The principal font controls several face attributes of the | |
596 @code{default} face (@pxref{Faces}). For example, if the principal font | |
597 has a height of 12 pt, all text will be drawn in 12 pt fonts, unless you | |
598 use another face that specifies a different height. @xref{Font X}, for | |
599 ways to list the available fonts on your system. | |
600 | |
601 @kindex S-Mouse-1 | |
602 You can also set a frame's principal font through a pop-up menu. | |
603 Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate this menu. | |
604 @end table | |
605 | |
606 In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and | |
607 font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they | |
608 are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of | |
609 the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources X}). | |
610 @xref{Colors X}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of | |
611 font. | |
612 | |
613 For information on frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame | |
614 Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
615 | |
616 @node Scroll Bars | |
617 @section Scroll Bars | |
618 @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
619 @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
620 | |
621 When using X, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at the left of | |
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622 each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more |
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623 useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.} |
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624 The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows a moving |
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625 rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the buffer |
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626 currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar represents the |
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627 entire length of the buffer. |
25829 | 628 |
629 You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll | |
630 bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the | |
631 top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to | |
632 the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer. | |
633 | |
634 The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled | |
635 increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at | |
636 the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
637 (normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window | |
638 down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same | |
639 place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over. | |
640 | |
641 Aside from scrolling, you can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll | |
642 bar to split a window vertically. The split occurs on the line where | |
643 you click. | |
644 | |
645 @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
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646 @vindex scroll-bar-mode |
25829 | 647 You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x |
648 scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll bars. | |
649 With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if the | |
650 argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, including | |
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651 frames yet to be created. Customize the option @code{scroll-bar-mode} |
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652 to control the use of scroll bars at startup. You can use it to specify |
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653 that they are placed at the right of windows if you prefer that. You |
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654 can use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial |
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655 setting of Scroll Bar mode similarly. @xref{Resources X}. |
25829 | 656 |
657 @findex toggle-scroll-bar | |
658 To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
659 @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar} command. | |
660 | |
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661 @node Wheeled Mice |
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662 @section Scrolling With `Wheeled' Mice |
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663 |
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664 @cindex mouse wheel |
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665 @findex mwheel-install |
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666 Some mice have a `wheel' instead of a third button. You can usually |
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667 click the wheel to act as @kbd{mouse-3}. You can also use the wheel to |
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668 scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands. |
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669 Use @kbd{M-x mwheel-install} to set up the wheel for scrolling or put |
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670 @samp{(require 'mwheel)} in your @file{.emacs}. (Support for the wheel |
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671 depends on the window system generating appropriate events for Emacs.) |
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672 |
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673 @vindex mwheel-follow-mouse |
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674 @vindex mwheel-scroll-amount |
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675 The variables @code{mwheel-follow-mouse} and @code{mwheel-scroll-amount} |
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676 determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled. |
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677 |
25829 | 678 @node Menu Bars |
679 @section Menu Bars | |
680 @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
681 @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
682 | |
683 You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
684 menu-bar-mode}. With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a | |
685 minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the | |
686 argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use | |
687 the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of | |
688 Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources X}. Expert users often turn off the | |
689 menu bar, especially on text-only terminals, where this makes one | |
690 additional line available for text. | |
691 | |
692 @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
693 menu bar. | |
694 | |
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695 @c Presumably not useful until we make toolbar items. |
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696 @c @node Tool Bars |
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697 @c @section Tool Bars |
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698 @c @cindex Tool Bar mode |
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699 @c @cindex mode, Tool Bar |
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700 |
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701 @c You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x |
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702 @c tool-bar-mode}. With no argument, this command toggles Tool Bar mode, a |
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703 @c minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Tool Bar mode on if the |
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704 @c argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. |
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705 |
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706 @node Dialog Boxes |
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707 @section Using Dialog Boxes |
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708 @cindex dialog boxes |
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709 |
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710 @vindex use-dialog-box |
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711 Certain operations invoked from menus will use a window system dialog |
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712 box to get information via the mouse if such dialog boxes are supported. |
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713 This includes yes/no questions and file selection under Motif/LessTif |
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714 and MS Windows. Customize the option @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress |
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715 the use of dialog boxes. |
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716 |
25829 | 717 @node Faces |
718 @section Using Multiple Typefaces | |
719 @cindex faces | |
720 | |
721 When using Emacs with X, you can set up multiple styles of displaying | |
722 characters. The aspects of style that you can control are the type | |
723 font, the foreground color, the background color, and whether to | |
724 underline. Emacs on MS-DOS supports faces partially by letting you | |
725 control the foreground and background colors of each face | |
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726 (@pxref{MS-DOS}). On non-windowed terminals faces are supported to the |
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727 extent the terminal can display them. |
25829 | 728 |
729 The way you control display style is by defining named @dfn{faces}. | |
730 Each face can specify a type font, a foreground color, a background | |
731 color, and an underline flag; but it does not have to specify all of | |
732 them. Then by specifying the face or faces to use for a given part | |
733 of the text in the buffer, you control how that text appears. | |
734 | |
735 The style of display used for a given character in the text is | |
736 determined by combining several faces. Any aspect of the display style | |
737 that isn't specified by overlays or text properties comes from the frame | |
738 itself. | |
739 | |
740 Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several | |
741 commands and menus for specifying faces. @xref{Format Faces}, for how | |
742 to specify the font for text in the buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for | |
743 how to specify the foreground and background color. | |
744 | |
745 To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer. | |
746 @xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify | |
747 attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources X}). | |
748 | |
749 @findex list-faces-display | |
750 To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like, type | |
751 @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to look | |
752 different in different frames; this command shows the appearance in the | |
753 frame in which you type it. Here's a list of the standardly defined | |
754 faces: | |
755 | |
756 @table @code | |
757 @item default | |
758 This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any other face. | |
759 @item modeline | |
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760 This face is used for mode lines. By default, it's drawn with shadows |
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761 for a `raised' effect under X and set up as the inverse of the default |
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762 face on non-windowed terminals. @xref{Display Vars}. |
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763 @item header-line |
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764 Similar to @code{modeline} for a window's header line. |
25829 | 765 @item highlight |
766 This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes. | |
767 @item region | |
768 This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark | |
769 mode is enabled---see below). | |
770 @item secondary-selection | |
771 This face is used for displaying a secondary selection (@pxref{Secondary | |
772 Selection}). | |
773 @item bold | |
774 This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one. | |
775 @item italic | |
776 This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one. | |
777 @item bold-italic | |
778 This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one. | |
779 @item underline | |
780 This face underlines text. | |
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781 @item fixed-pitch |
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782 The basic fixed-pitch face. |
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783 @item fringe |
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784 The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows under X. |
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785 @item scroll-bar |
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786 This face determines the colors of the scroll bar. |
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787 @item border |
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788 This face determines the color of the frame border. |
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789 @item cursor |
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790 This face determines the color of the cursor. |
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791 @item mouse |
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792 This face determines the color of the mouse pointer. |
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793 @item tool-bar |
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794 The basic tool-bar face. |
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795 @item menu |
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796 This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. Setting the |
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797 font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not supported; attempts to set |
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798 the font are ignored in this case. |
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799 @item trailing-whitespace |
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800 The face for highlighting trailing whitespace when |
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801 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-nil. |
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802 @item variable-pitch |
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803 The basic variable-pitch face. |
25829 | 804 @end table |
805 | |
806 @cindex @code{region} face | |
807 When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is | |
808 highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named | |
809 @code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the | |
810 style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark}, | |
811 for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and | |
812 deactivation of the mark. | |
813 | |
814 One easy way to use faces is to turn on Font Lock mode. This minor | |
815 mode, which is always local to a particular buffer, arranges to | |
816 choose faces according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It | |
817 can recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several | |
818 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other | |
819 important constructs. @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about | |
820 Font Lock mode and syntactic highlighting. | |
821 | |
822 You can print out the buffer with the highlighting that appears | |
823 on your screen using the command @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}. | |
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824 @xref{PostScript}. |
25829 | 825 |
826 @node Font Lock | |
827 @section Font Lock mode | |
828 @cindex Font Lock mode | |
829 @cindex mode, Font Lock | |
830 @cindex syntax highlighting | |
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831 @cindex syntax coloring |
25829 | 832 |
833 Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular | |
834 buffer, which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces | |
835 according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It can | |
836 recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several | |
837 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other | |
838 important constructs---for example, names of functions being defined | |
839 or reserved keywords. | |
840 | |
841 @findex font-lock-mode | |
842 @findex turn-on-font-lock | |
843 The command @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode} turns Font Lock mode on or off | |
844 according to the argument, and toggles the mode when it has no argument. | |
845 The function @code{turn-on-font-lock} unconditionally enables Font Lock | |
846 mode. This is useful in mode-hook functions. For example, to enable | |
847 Font Lock mode whenever you edit a C file, you can do this: | |
848 | |
849 @example | |
850 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
851 @end example | |
852 | |
853 @findex global-font-lock-mode | |
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854 @vindex global-font-lock-mode |
25829 | 855 To turn on Font Lock mode automatically in all modes which support it, |
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856 customize the user option @code{global-font-lock-mode} or use the |
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857 function @code{global-font-lock-mode}, like this: |
25829 | 858 |
859 @example | |
860 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
861 @end example | |
862 | |
863 @kindex M-g M-g | |
864 @findex font-lock-fontify-block | |
865 In Font Lock mode, when you edit the text, the highlighting updates | |
866 automatically in the line that you changed. Most changes don't affect | |
867 the highlighting of subsequent lines, but occasionally they do. To | |
868 rehighlight a range of lines, use the command @kbd{M-g M-g} | |
869 (@code{font-lock-fontify-block}). | |
870 | |
871 @vindex font-lock-mark-block-function | |
872 In certain major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies the entire current | |
873 function. (The variable @code{font-lock-mark-block-function} controls | |
874 how to find the current function.) In other major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g} | |
875 refontifies 16 lines above and below point. | |
876 | |
877 With a prefix argument @var{n}, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies @var{n} | |
878 lines above and below point, regardless of the mode. | |
879 | |
880 To get the full benefit of Font Lock mode, you need to choose a | |
881 default font which has bold, italic, and bold-italic variants; or else | |
882 you need to have a color or gray-scale screen. | |
883 | |
884 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration | |
885 The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the | |
886 preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple | |
887 levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes | |
888 support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as | |
889 possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or | |
890 you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for | |
891 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level | |
892 otherwise, use this: | |
893 | |
894 @example | |
895 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration | |
896 '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1))) | |
897 @end example | |
898 | |
899 @vindex font-lock-maximum-size | |
900 Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress | |
901 it. The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size, | |
902 beyond which buffer fontification is suppressed. | |
903 | |
904 @c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break. | |
905 @vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function | |
906 Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification) | |
907 relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For | |
908 the purposes of speed, some modes including C mode and Lisp mode rely on | |
909 a special convention: an open-parenthesis in the leftmost column always | |
910 defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is thus always outside any string | |
911 or comment. (@xref{Defuns}.) If you don't follow this convention, | |
912 then Font Lock mode can misfontify the text after an open-parenthesis in | |
913 the leftmost column that is inside a string or comment. | |
914 | |
915 The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always | |
916 buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position | |
917 guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the | |
918 leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable | |
919 is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the | |
920 convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer | |
921 relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price | |
922 is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan | |
923 buffer text from the beginning of the buffer. | |
924 | |
925 @findex font-lock-add-keywords | |
926 Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you | |
927 may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function | |
928 @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for | |
929 a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C | |
930 comments, use this: | |
931 | |
932 @example | |
933 (font-lock-add-keywords | |
934 'c-mode | |
935 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t))) | |
936 @end example | |
937 | |
938 @node Support Modes | |
939 @section Font Lock Support Modes | |
940 | |
941 Font Lock support modes make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers. | |
942 There are two support modes: Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode. They | |
943 use two different methods of speeding up Font Lock mode. | |
944 | |
945 @menu | |
946 * Fast Lock Mode:: Saving font information in files. | |
947 * Lazy Lock Mode:: Fontifying only text that is actually displayed. | |
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948 * JIT Lock Mode:: Like Lazy Lock, but generally faster. |
25829 | 949 * Fast or Lazy:: Which support mode is best for you? |
950 @end menu | |
951 | |
952 @node Fast Lock Mode | |
953 @subsection Fast Lock Mode | |
954 | |
955 @cindex Fast Lock mode | |
956 @cindex mode, Fast Lock | |
957 To make Font Lock mode faster for buffers visiting large files, you | |
958 can use Fast Lock mode. Fast Lock mode saves the font information for | |
959 each file in a separate cache file; each time you visit the file, it | |
960 rereads the font information from the cache file instead of refontifying | |
961 the text from scratch. | |
962 | |
963 @findex fast-lock-mode | |
964 The command @kbd{M-x fast-lock-mode} turns Fast Lock mode on or off, | |
965 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also | |
966 arrange to enable Fast Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like | |
967 this: | |
968 | |
969 @example | |
970 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode) | |
971 @end example | |
972 | |
973 @vindex fast-lock-minimum-size | |
974 It is not worth writing a cache file for small buffers. Therefore, | |
975 the variable @code{fast-lock-minimum-size} specifies a minimum file size | |
976 for caching font information. | |
977 | |
978 @vindex fast-lock-cache-directories | |
979 The variable @code{fast-lock-cache-directories} specifies where to put | |
980 the cache files. Its value is a list of directories to try; @code{"."} | |
981 means the same directory as the file being edited. The default value is | |
982 @w{@code{("." "~/.emacs-flc")}}, which means to use the same directory if | |
983 possible, and otherwise the directory @file{~/.emacs-flc}. | |
984 | |
985 @vindex fast-lock-save-others | |
986 The variable @code{fast-lock-save-others} specifies whether Fast Lock | |
987 mode should save cache files for files that you do not own. A | |
988 non-@code{nil} value means yes (and that is the default). | |
989 | |
990 @node Lazy Lock Mode | |
991 @subsection Lazy Lock Mode | |
992 @cindex Lazy Lock mode | |
993 @cindex mode, Lazy Lock | |
994 | |
995 To make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers, you can use Lazy Lock | |
996 mode to reduce the amount of text that is fontified. In Lazy Lock mode, | |
997 buffer fontification is demand-driven; it happens to portions of the | |
998 buffer that are about to be displayed. And fontification of your | |
999 changes is deferred; it happens only when Emacs has been idle for a | |
1000 certain short period of time. | |
1001 | |
1002 @findex lazy-lock-mode | |
1003 The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns Lazy Lock mode on or off, | |
1004 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also | |
1005 arrange to enable Lazy Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like | |
1006 this: | |
1007 | |
1008 @example | |
1009 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode) | |
1010 @end example | |
1011 | |
1012 @vindex lazy-lock-minimum-size | |
1013 It is not worth avoiding buffer fontification for small buffers. | |
1014 Therefore, the variable @code{lazy-lock-minimum-size} specifies a | |
1015 minimum buffer size for demand-driven buffer fontification. Buffers | |
1016 smaller than that are fontified all at once, as in plain Font Lock mode. | |
1017 | |
1018 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-time | |
1019 When you alter the buffer, Lazy Lock mode defers fontification of the | |
1020 text you changed. The variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} specifies | |
1021 how many seconds Emacs must be idle before it starts fontifying your | |
1022 changes. If the value is 0, then changes are fontified immediately, as | |
1023 in plain Font Lock mode. | |
1024 | |
1025 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling | |
1026 Lazy Lock mode normally fontifies newly visible portions of the buffer | |
1027 before they are first displayed. However, if the value of | |
1028 @code{lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling} is non-@code{nil}, newly visible | |
1029 text is fontified only when Emacs is idle for | |
1030 @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} seconds. | |
1031 | |
1032 @vindex lazy-lock-defer-contextually | |
1033 In some modes, including C mode and Emacs Lisp mode, changes in one | |
1034 line's contents can alter the context for subsequent lines, and thus | |
1035 change how they ought to be fontified. Ordinarily, you must type | |
1036 @kbd{M-g M-g} to refontify the subsequent lines. However, if you set | |
1037 the variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-contextually} to non-@code{nil}, Lazy | |
1038 Lock mode does this automatically, after @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} | |
1039 seconds. | |
1040 | |
1041 @cindex stealth fontification | |
1042 When Emacs is idle for a long time, Lazy Lock fontifies additional | |
1043 portions of the buffer, not yet displayed, in case you will display them | |
1044 later. This is called @dfn{stealth fontification}. | |
1045 | |
1046 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-time | |
1047 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-lines | |
1048 @vindex lazy-lock-stealth-verbose | |
1049 The variable @code{lazy-lock-stealth-time} specifies how many seconds | |
1050 Emacs has to be idle before stealth fontification starts. A value of | |
1051 @code{nil} means no stealth fontification. The variables | |
1052 @code{lazy-lock-stealth-lines} and @code{lazy-lock-stealth-verbose} | |
1053 specify the granularity and verbosity of stealth fontification. | |
1054 | |
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1055 @node JIT Lock Mode |
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1056 @subsection JIT Lock Mode |
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1057 |
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1058 @findex jit-lock-mode |
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1059 The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns JIT Lock mode on or off, |
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1060 according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). This support |
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1061 mode is roughly equivalent to Lazy Lock but is generally faster. It |
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1062 supports stealth and deferred fontification. |
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1063 |
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1064 Font-lock uses @code{jit-lock-mode} as default support mode, so you |
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1065 don't have to do anything to activate it. |
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1066 |
25829 | 1067 @node Fast or Lazy |
1068 @subsection Fast Lock or Lazy Lock? | |
1069 | |
1070 Here is a simple guide to help you choose one of the Font Lock support | |
1071 modes. | |
1072 | |
1073 @itemize @bullet | |
1074 @item | |
1075 Fast Lock mode intervenes only during file visiting and buffer | |
1076 killing (and related events); therefore buffer editing and window | |
1077 scrolling are no faster or slower than in plain Font Lock mode. | |
1078 | |
1079 @item | |
1080 Fast Lock mode is slower at reading a cache file than Lazy Lock | |
1081 mode is at fontifying a window; therefore Fast Lock mode is slower at | |
1082 visiting a file than Lazy Lock mode. | |
1083 | |
1084 @item | |
1085 Lazy Lock mode intervenes during window scrolling to fontify text that | |
1086 scrolls onto the screen; therefore, scrolling is slower than in plain | |
1087 Font Lock mode. | |
1088 | |
1089 @item | |
1090 Lazy Lock mode doesn't fontify during buffer editing (it defers | |
1091 fontification of changes); therefore, editing is faster than in plain | |
1092 Font Lock mode. | |
1093 | |
1094 @item | |
1095 Fast Lock mode can be fooled by a file that is kept under version | |
1096 control software; therefore buffer fontification may occur even when | |
1097 a cache file exists for the file. | |
1098 | |
1099 @item | |
1100 Fast Lock mode only works with a buffer visiting a file; Lazy Lock | |
1101 mode works with any buffer. | |
1102 | |
1103 @item | |
1104 Fast Lock mode generates cache files; Lazy Lock mode does not. | |
1105 @end itemize | |
1106 | |
1107 @vindex font-lock-support-mode | |
1108 The variable @code{font-lock-support-mode} specifies which of these | |
1109 support modes to use; for example, to specify that Fast Lock mode is | |
1110 used for C/C++ modes, and Lazy Lock mode otherwise, set the variable | |
1111 like this: | |
1112 | |
1113 @example | |
1114 (setq font-lock-support-mode | |
1115 '((c-mode . fast-lock-mode) (c++-mode . fast-lock-mode) | |
1116 (t . lazy-lock-mode))) | |
1117 @end example | |
1118 | |
1119 @node Highlight Changes | |
1120 @section Highlight Changes Mode | |
1121 | |
1122 @findex highlight-changes-mode | |
1123 Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable a minor mode | |
1124 that uses faces (colors, typically) to indicate which parts of | |
1125 the buffer were changed most recently. | |
1126 | |
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1127 @node Trailing Whitespace |
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1128 @section Trailing Whitespace |
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1129 |
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1130 @cindex trailing whitespace |
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1131 @vindex show-trailing-whitespace |
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1132 The option @code{show-trailing-whitespace} can be customized so that |
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1133 Emacs displays trailing whitespace in the face |
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1134 @code{trailing-whitespace}. Trailing whitespace is defined as spaces or |
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1135 tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy highlighting when entering new |
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1136 text, trailing whitespace is not displayed if point is at the end of the |
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1137 line containing the whitespace. |
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1138 |
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1139 @node Tooltips |
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1140 @section Tooltips (or `Ballon Help') |
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1141 |
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1142 @cindex balloon help |
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1143 @findex tooltip-mode |
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1144 Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current |
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1145 mouse position, typically over text which can be activated with the |
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1146 mouse or other keys. (This facility is sometimes known as `balloon |
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1147 help'.) To use them customize the user option. @code{tooltip-mode}. |
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1148 The customization group @code{tooltip} controls various aspects of their |
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1149 display. |
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1150 |
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1151 |
25829 | 1152 @node Misc X |
1153 @section Miscellaneous X Window Features | |
1154 | |
1155 The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames: | |
1156 | |
1157 @table @kbd | |
1158 @item C-z | |
1159 @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} | |
1160 @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame | |
1161 Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). | |
1162 The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under a | |
1163 window system, so it has a different binding in that case. | |
1164 | |
1165 If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame. | |
1166 | |
1167 @item C-x 5 0 | |
1168 @kindex C-x 5 0 | |
1169 @findex delete-frame | |
1170 Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if | |
1171 there is only one frame. | |
1172 | |
1173 @item C-x 5 o | |
1174 @kindex C-x 5 o | |
1175 @findex other-frame | |
1176 Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it | |
1177 stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the | |
1178 frames on your terminal. | |
1179 @end table | |
1180 | |
1181 @node Non-Window Terminals | |
1182 @section Non-Window Terminals | |
1183 @cindex non-window terminals | |
1184 @cindex single-frame terminals | |
1185 | |
1186 If your terminal does not have a window system that Emacs supports, | |
1187 then it can display only one Emacs frame at a time. However, you can | |
1188 still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch between them. Switching | |
1189 frames on these terminals is much like switching between different | |
1190 window configurations. | |
1191 | |
1192 Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
1193 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
1194 the current frame. | |
1195 | |
1196 Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
1197 display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
1198 appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
1199 @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
1200 | |
1201 @findex set-frame-name | |
1202 @findex select-frame-by-name | |
1203 @samp{F@var{n}} is actually the frame's name. You can also specify a | |
1204 different name if you wish, and you can select a frame by its name. Use | |
1205 the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to | |
1206 specify a new name for the selected frame, and use @kbd{M-x | |
1207 select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to select a frame | |
1208 according to its name. The name you specify appears in the mode line | |
1209 when the frame is selected. | |
1210 | |
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1211 @node XTerm Mouse |
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1212 @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators |
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1213 |
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1214 Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal |
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1215 window. In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm}, |
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1216 you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to enable simple use of the |
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1217 mouse---only single clicks are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse |
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1218 functionality is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key |
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1219 when you press the mouse button. |